FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Howe, DK Gaji, RY Marsh, AE Patil, BA Saville, WJ Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Granstrom, DE AF Howe, Daniel K. Gaji, Rajshekhar Y. Marsh, Antoinette E. Patil, Bhagyashree A. Saville, William J. Lindsay, David S. Dubey, J. P. Granstrom, David E. TI Strains of Sarcocystis neurona exhibit differences in their surface antigens, including the absence of the major surface antigen SnSAG1 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apicomplexa; surface antigen polymorphism; equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; diagnosis; vaccine ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; SOUTH-AMERICAN OPOSSUM; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; INTERMEDIATE HOST; HORSE; SPOROCYSTS; MYELITIS; ISOLATE; DIFFERENTIATION AB A gene family of surface antigens is expressed by merozoites of Sarcocystis neurona, the primary cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). These surface proteins, designated SnSAGs, are immunodominant and therefore excellent candidates for development of EPM diagnostics or vaccines. Prior work had identified an EPM isolate lacking the major surface antigen SnSAG1, thus suggesting there may be some diversity in the SnSAGs expressed by different S. neurona isolates. Therefore, a bioinformatic, molecular and immunological study was conducted to assess conservation of the SnSAGs. Examination of an expressed sequence tag (EST) database revealed several notable SnSAG polymorphisms. In particular, the EST information implied that the EPM strain SN4 lacked the major surface antigen SnSAG1. The absence of this surface antigen from the SN4 strain was confirmed by both Western blot and Southern blot. To evaluate SnSAG polymorphisms in the S. neurona population, 14 strains were examined by Western blots using monospecific polyclonal antibodies against the four described SnSAGs. The results of these analyses demonstrated that SnSAG2, SnSAG3, and SnSAG4 are present in all 14 S. neurona strains tested, although some variance in SnSAG4 was observed. Importantly, SnSAG1 was not detected in seven of the strains, which included isolates from four cases of EPM and a case of fatal meningoencephalitis in a sea otter. Genetic analyses by PCR using gene-specific primers confirmed the absence of the SnSAG1 locus in six of these seven strains. Collectively, the data indicated that there is heterogeneity in the surface antigen composition of different S. neurona isolates, which is an important consideration for development of serological tests and prospective vaccines for EPM. Furthermore, the diversity reported herein likely extends to other phenotypes, such as strain virulence, and may have implications for C1 [Howe, Daniel K.; Gaji, Rajshekhar Y.; Patil, Bhagyashree A.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Marsh, Antoinette E.; Saville, William J.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lindsay, David S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dubey, J. P.; Granstrom, David E.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Howe, DK (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dkhowe2@uky.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 623 EP 631 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.09.007 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 296JA UT WOS:000255538100002 PM 17980881 ER PT J AU Muzhingi, T Yeum, KJ Russell, RM Johnson, EJ Qin, J Tang, GW AF Muzhingi, Tawanda Yeum, Kyung-Jin Russell, Robert M. Johnson, Elizabeth J. Qin, Jian Tang, Guangwen TI Determination of Carotenoids in Yellow Maize, the Effects of Saponification and Food Preparations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Carotenoids; yellow maize; saponification; vitamin A; biofortification ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BETA-CAROTENE; GREEN VEGETABLES; ALPHA-CAROTENE; PLASMA; QUANTIFICATION; CONSTITUENTS; TOCOPHEROLS; EXTRACTS; FRUITS AB Maize is an important staple food consumed by trillions of people in many countries. Yellow maize naturally contains carotenoids which not only provide provitamin A carotenoids but also xanthophylls, which are known to be important for eye health. This study was aimed at 1) evaluating the effect of saponification during extraction of yellow maize carotenoids, 2) determining the major carotenoids in 36 genotypes of yellow maize by high-performance liquid chromatography with a C30 column, and 3) determining the effect of cooking on the carotenoid content of yellow maize. The major carotenoids in yellow maize were identified as all-trans lutein, cis-isomers of lutein, all-traps zeaxanthin, alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin, all-traps beta-carotene, 9-cis beta-carotene, and 13-cis beta-carotene. Our results indicated that carotenoid extraction without saponification showed a significantly higher yield than that obtained using saponification. Results of the current study indicate that yellow maize is a good source of provitamin A carotenoids and xanthophylls. Cooking by boiling yellow maize at 100 degrees C for 30 minutes increased the carotenoid concentration, while baking at 450 degrees F for 25 minutes decreased the carotenoid concentrations by almost 70% as compared to the uncooked yellow maize flour. C1 [Muzhingi, Tawanda; Yeum, Kyung-Jin; Russell, Robert M.; Johnson, Elizabeth J.; Qin, Jian; Tang, Guangwen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Muzhingi, Tawanda; Yeum, Kyung-Jin; Russell, Robert M.; Johnson, Elizabeth J.; Tang, Guangwen] Tufts Univ, Dorothy J & Gerald R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM guangwen.tang@tufts.edu RI Muzhingi, Tawanda/F-2459-2012 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 19 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 BP 112 EP 120 DI 10.1024/0300-9831.78.3.112 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 401BS UT WOS:000262913700002 PM 19003733 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Adler, PR AF Sanderson, Matt A. Adler, Paul R. TI Perennial forages as second generation bioenergy crops SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE bioenergy crops; carbon sequestration; cellulosic ethanol; greenhouse gases; switchgrass ID REED CANARY GRASS; SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION; RESERVE PROGRAM LAND; GREENHOUSE-GAS FLUX; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; SWITCHGRASS BIOMASS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS AB The lignocellulose in forage crops represents a second generation of biomass feedstock for conversion into energy-related end products. Some of the most extensively studied species for cellulosic feedstock production include forages such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). An advantage of using forages as bioenergy crops is that farmers are familiar with their management and already have the capacity to grow, harvest, store, and transport them. Forage crops offer additional flexibility in management because they can be used for biomass or forage and the land can be returned to other uses or put into crop rotation. Estimates indicate about 22.3 million ha of cropland, idle cropland, and cropland pasture will be needed for biomass production in 2030. Converting these lands to large scale cellulosic energy farming could push the traditional forage- livestock industry to ever more marginal lands. Furthermore, encouraging bioenergy production from marginal lands could directly compete with forage-livestock production. C1 [Sanderson, Matt A.; Adler, Paul R.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM matt.sanderson@ars.usda.gov; paul.adler@ars.usda.gov NR 113 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 30 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-6596 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 9 IS 5 BP 768 EP 788 DI 10.3390/ijms9050768 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 307GS UT WOS:000256308000006 PM 19325783 ER PT J AU Gauthier, MS Miyoshi, H Souza, SC Cacicedo, JM Saha, AK Greenberg, AS Ruderman, NB AF Gauthier, M. S. Miyoshi, H. Souza, S. C. Cacicedo, J. M. Saha, A. K. Greenberg, A. S. Ruderman, N. B. TI AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by lipolysis and protects the adipocyte against oxidative stress and energy depletion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th European Congress on Obesity CY MAY 14-17, 2008 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND C1 [Gauthier, M. S.; Cacicedo, J. M.; Saha, A. K.; Ruderman, N. B.] Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Sect Endocrinol,Diabet & Metab Unit, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Miyoshi, H.; Souza, S. C.; Greenberg, A. S.] Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Miyoshi, H.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608638, Japan. [Souza, S. C.] Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cacicedo, J. M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 SU 1 BP S39 EP S39 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 300JM UT WOS:000255820100152 ER PT J AU Sebastian, RS Cleveland, LE Goldman, JD AF Sebastian, Rhonda S. Cleveland, Linda E. Goldman, Joseph D. TI Effect of snacking frequency on adolescents' dietary intakes and meeting national recommendations SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE snacking; adolescents; nutrient intake; food intake; MyPyramid Food Guidance System ID UNITED-STATES; ENERGY-INTAKE; FOOD; CHILDREN; US; ADULTS; NUTRIENTS; BEVERAGES; OBESITY; CHOICES AB Purpose: To determine how snacking level impacts intake of nutrients and food groups and assists in meeting recommendations outlined in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's MyPyramid Food Guidance System. Methods: Dietary data based on 24-hour recall from 4357 adolescents 12-19 years of age participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 (NHANES) were analyzed. Regression analyses were applied to examine the effect of snacking on nutrient and food group intake and to determine its effect on the likelihood of meeting MyPyramid recommendations. Results: Food energy, carbohydrate, total sugars, and vitamin C intake were positively associated, whereas protein and fat intake were negatively associated, with snacking frequency. Fruit intake increased, whereas solid fat intake decreased, as snacking incidence rose. Increasing snacking frequency was also associated with a greater likelihood of meeting milk and oil recommendations for boys and meeting fruit recommendations for both genders. Non-Hispanic black adolescents were less likely to meet their milk recommendations at low and high snacking levels and more likely to meet their fruit recommendations at high levels only. Foods consumed as snacks provided 12-39% of the day's total number of portions of the five MyPyramid food groups, 35% of total discretionary calorie intake, and 43% of total added sugar intake. Conclusions: Snacking frequency affects intake of macronutrients and a few rnicronutrients and promotes consumption of fruits. Top food choices for snacks provide an excess of discretionary calories in the form of added sugars and fats. Modification of these choices Would assist adolescents in consuming diets more consistent with national recommendations. (C) 2008 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Sebastian, Rhonda S.; Cleveland, Linda E.; Goldman, Joseph D.] USDA ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sebastian, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Room 102,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rhonda.Sebastian@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAY PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.10.002 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 290RX UT WOS:000255141000012 PM 18407046 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Heimpel, GE AF Lee, Jana C. Heimpel, George E. TI Floral resources impact longevity and oviposition rate of a parasitoid in the field SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diadegma insulare; egg load; fecundity; nectar; wing wear ID DIADEGMA-INSULARE HYMENOPTERA; CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DIAMONDBACK-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; APHYTIS-MELINUS; FOOD SOURCES; EGG LOAD; PSEUDACTEON-TRICUSPIS; SUGAR AVAILABILITY; INSECT PARASITOIDS; ALYSSUM FLOWERS AB The use of floral resource subsidies to improve herbivore suppression by parasitoids requires certain trophic interactions and physiological changes to occur. While the longevity and fecundity of parasitoids are positively affected by nectar subsidies in laboratory studies, the impacts of floral subsidies on the fecundity and longevity of freely foraging parasitoids have not been studied. We studied the longevity and per capita fecundity of naturally occurring Diadegma insulare foraging in cabbage plots with and without borders of flowering buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum, as well as relationships between longevity, fecundity, sugar feeding and parasitism rates on larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Relative longevity was estimated by counting broken setae on the fringe of the forewing. Floral borders increased the longevity of males and females in adjacent cabbage plots. The egg maturation rate of D. insulare was estimated by comparing egg loads of females collected early in the day with egg loads of females held without hosts in field cages throughout the day. Females in buckwheat cages matured 2.7 eggs per hour while females in control cages resorbed 0.27 eggs over the same time period. The fecundity of females collected in the afternoon was estimated by comparing their actual egg load to the estimated egg load in the absence of oviposition for females in a given plot. Females foraging in buckwheat plots had marginally fewer eggs remaining in their ovaries, and laid marginally more eggs than females in control plots. Females from both treatments carried 30-60 eggs by the afternoon and therefore were time-limited rather than egg-limited. Plots where a greater proportion of females had fed on sugar had longer-lived females. This suggests that feeding enhanced longevity of D. insulare. However, plots with longer-lived and more fecund females did not exhibit higher parasitism rates, although the power of these tests were low. C1 [Lee, Jana C.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Heimpel, George E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM jana.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 47 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 77 IS 3 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01355.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 288MK UT WOS:000254990300017 PM 18248386 ER PT J AU Williams, JL Minton, JE Patterson, JA Marchant-Forde, J Eicher, SD AF Williams, J. L. Minton, J. E. Patterson, J. A. Marchant-Forde, J. Eicher, S. D. TI Lairage during transport of eighteen-kilogram pigs has an impact on innate immunity and commensal bacteria diversity in the intestines SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE commensal bacteria; innate immunity; lairage; Salmonella; swine; transport ID WELFARE; STRESS; NEUTROPHILS; MODULATION; BEHAVIOR; ANIMALS; CELLS AB Long distance transportation may affect the health of pigs; thus, adding a rest stop (lairage) during long journeys may improve their well-being. The objective of this study was to determine whether a mid-journey lairage influenced swine innate immunity and intestinal microbial populations after a 16-h transport. Four replications were conducted, 1 in each of 4 seasons. Eighteen-kilogram pigs were housed in 16 pens (13 to 16 pigs/pen) with 8 pens/treatment. Lairage pigs were transported for 8 h, given a rest with food and water for 8 h, then transported for an additional 8 h. Continuous pigs were continuously transported for 16 h. Jugular blood samples and intestinal tissue and contents were collected from 16 pigs (8/treatment) on d 1, 3, 7, and 14 posttransport. Hematocrit and white blood cell counts were determined and neutrophil cell functions, including phagocytosis/oxidative burst and phagocytosis of latex beads and leukocyte phenotypic cell markers (CD14 and CD18), were analyzed using flow cytometry. Expression of toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 5; IL-8 (a cytokine that is a chemoattractant for neutrophils); CCL20 (a chemokine that is a chemoattractant for dendritic cells); and the antimicrobial peptide PR39 were determined from ileal and jejunal total RNA. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to determine shifts in intestinal microbial populations. Total white blood cell and granulocyte counts in continuous pigs were greater (P < 0.01) on d 1 than in lairage pigs. Phagocytosis of microbeads was greater in continuous (P < 0.05) than in lairage pigs on d 7. Expression of IL-8 in jejunum was greater (P < 0.05) for continuous than for lairage pigs on d 1. Expression of CCL20 in the ileum was greater (P < 0.05) on d 14 for the continuous pigs. Expression of PR39 was greatest (P < 0.05) in the jejunum of lairage pigs on d 3. Lairage pigs had a greater (P < 0.05) variation in microbial populations (lower similarity coefficient) in the jejunum contents on d 1 and 7, in the cecum contents and tissue on d 3, and in the jejunum contents and tissue on d 14. However, continuous pigs had greater (P < 0.05) variation in the ileal tissues on d 14. This study indicates that adding a lairage to an extended transport alters immune functions, receptor, cytokine and chemokine expression, and gut microbiota compared with pigs transported for 16 h without lairage. C1 [Williams, J. L.; Marchant-Forde, J.; Eicher, S. D.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Williams, J. L.; Patterson, J. A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Minton, J. E.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM spruiett@purdue.edu RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1232 EP 1244 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0592 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 288ZT UT WOS:000255025500025 PM 18245499 ER PT J AU Ward, MA Neville, TL Reed, JJ Taylor, JB Hallford, DM Soto-Navarro, SA Vonnahme, KA Redmer, DA Reynolds, LP Caton, JS AF Ward, M. A. Neville, T. L. Reed, J. J. Taylor, J. B. Hallford, D. M. Soto-Navarro, S. A. Vonnahme, K. A. Redmer, D. A. Reynolds, L. P. Caton, J. S. TI Effects of selenium supply and dietary restriction on maternal and fetal metabolic hormones in pregnant ewe lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ewe; fetus; metabolic hormone; pregnancy; selenium ID VISCERAL ORGAN MASS; GROWTH-FACTOR; JEJUNAL VASCULARITY; DEIODINASE ACTIVITY; FEED RESTRICTION; BODY-WEIGHT; INSULIN; DEFICIENCY; THYROXINE; SHEEP AB The objective of these studies was to evaluate the effects of dietary restriction and Se on maternal and fetal metabolic hormones. In Exp. 1, pregnant ewe lambs (n = 32; BW = 45.6 +/- 2.3 kg) were allotted randomly to 1 of 4 treatments. Diets contained (DM basis) either no added Se ( control), or supranutritional Se added as high-Se wheat at 3.0 mg/kg (Sewheat), or sodium selenate at 3 (Se3) and 15 (Se15) mg/kg of Se. Diets ( DM basis) were similar in CP (15.5%) and ME (2.68 Mcal/kg). Treatments were initiated at 50 +/- 5 d of gestation. The control, Se-wheat, Se3, and Se15 treatments provided 2.5, 75, 75, and 375 mu g/kg of BW of Se, respectively. Ewe jugular blood samples were collected at 50, 64, 78, 92, 106, 120, and 134 d of gestation. Fetal serum samples were collected at necropsy on d 134. In Exp. 2, pregnant ewe lambs ( n = 36; BW 53.8 +/- 1.3 kg) were allotted randomly to treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were nutrition ( control, 100% of requirements vs. restricted nutrition, 60% of control) and dietary Se ( adequate Se, 6 mu g/kg of BW vs. high Se, 80 mu g/kg of BW). Selenium treatments were initiated 21 d before breeding, and nutritional treatments were initiated on d 64 of gestation. Diets were 16% CP and 2.12 Mcal/kg of ME ( DM basis). Blood samples were collected from the ewes at 62, 76, 90, 104, 118, 132, and 135 d of gestation. Fetal blood was collected at necropsy on d 135. In Exp. 1, dietary Se source and concentration had no effect ( P > 0.17) on maternal and fetal serum IGF-I, triiodothyronine (T3), or thyroxine (T4) concentrations. Selenium supplementation increased ( P = 0.06) the T4: T3 ratio vs. controls. In Exp. 2, dietary Se had no impact ( P > 0.33) on main effect means for maternal and fetal serum IGF-I, T3, or T4 concentrations from d 62 to 132; however, at d 135, high-Se ewes had lower ( P = 0.01) serum T4 concentrations than adequate- Se ewes. Anutrition by Se interaction ( P = 0.06) was detected for the T4: T3 ratios; ewes fed restricted and adequate- Se diets had greater ( P = 0.10) T4: T3 ratios compared with the other treatments. Nutrient-restricted ewes had lower ( P < 0.05) serum IGF- I, T3, and T4 concentrations. Fetal serum IGF- I concentrations were lower ( P = 0.01) in restricted-vs. control-fed ewes; however, fetal T3 and T4 concentrations were unaffected ( P > 0.13) by dietary Se or maternal plane of nutrition. These data indicate that dietary Se may alter maternal T4: T3 ratios. In addition, nutrient restriction during gestation reduces maternal IGFI, T3, and T4 and fetal IGF-I concentrations. C1 [Ward, M. A.; Neville, T. L.; Reed, J. J.; Vonnahme, K. A.; Redmer, D. A.; Reynolds, L. P.; Caton, J. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Ward, M. A.; Neville, T. L.; Reed, J. J.; Vonnahme, K. A.; Redmer, D. A.; Reynolds, L. P.; Caton, J. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Taylor, J. B.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Hallford, D. M.; Soto-Navarro, S. A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Caton, JS (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Joel.Caton@ndsu.edu RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 64141] NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1254 EP 1262 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0509 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 288ZT UT WOS:000255025500027 PM 18272862 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL Vinyard, BT AF Luthria, Devanand L. Vinyard, Bryan T. TI Development of a potential reference material for evaluating antioxidant activity SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE PREPARATION; HUMAN HEALTH; POLYPHENOLS; EXTRACTION; CAPACITY; FOOD AB Phenolic phytochemical are known to perform several functions ranging from phytoprotectants, to protecting lipids in food products, to antioxidant activity in animals and humans. The need for a common standard mixture containing multiple phenolic phytochemicals is critical for the development of a robust validation assay for accurately quantifying antioxidant activity in various matrixes. Different research groups have used A wide array of single purified reference phenolic compounds in this regard. A 5 compound mixture (caffeic acid, morin hydrate, hesperetin, catechin hydrate, and epigallocatechin gallate) containing phenolic compounds from 4 subgroups (phenolic acid, flavone, flavanone, and flavan-3-ol) was prepared. The mixture was assayed for stability evaluation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a diode array detection procedure for a 3 month time interval. HPLC analysis confirmed that there was no significant interaction between different components of the mixture. The among-sample relative standard deviation (RSD) of all 5 phenolic compounds, as well as the total HPLC area, was < 1%. The RSD due to instrument variation was < 2% and the total RSD among-days was < 5%. These results unambiguously suggest that the sample was stable for a 3 month time interval in an amber vial stored in a refrigerator below 5 degrees C. This mixture is currently being used for the single-laboratory validation study for the assay of total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant capacity by oxygen radical absorbing capacity procedure. C1 [Luthria, Devanand L.] ARS, USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 161,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM D.Luthria@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 3 BP 506 EP 510 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 310BU UT WOS:000256504700004 PM 18567294 ER PT J AU Achtemeier, GL AF Achtemeier, Gary L. TI Effects of moisture released during forest burning on fog formation and implications for visibility SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER-CONTENT; RADIATION-FOG; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; MODEL SIMULATION; DROPLET; SMOKE; CLOUD; MICROPHYSICS; EXTINCTION; FIRES AB Smoke from wildland burning in association with fog has been implicated as a visibility hazard over roadways in the United States. Visibilities at accident sites have been estimated in the range from 1 to 3 m ( extinction coefficients between 1000 and 4000). Temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken from 29 "smokes" during 2002 and 2003. These data were converted to a measure of the mass of water vapor present to the mass of dry air containing the vapor ( smoke mixing ratio). Smoke temperatures were processed through a simple radiation model before smokes were mixed with ambient air with temperature and moisture observed during the early morning on the days following the burns. Calculations show supersaturations implying liquid water contents (LWC) up to 17 times as large as LWC found in natural fog. Simple models combining fog droplet number density, droplet size, and LWC show that the supersaturation LWC of smokes is capable of reducing visibility to the ranges observed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Achtemeier, GL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM gachtemeier@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1287 EP 1296 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1721.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 311BH UT WOS:000256574500002 ER PT J AU Hansen, LD Farnsworth, LK Itoga, NK Nicholson, A Surnmers, HL Whitsitt, MC McArthur, ED AF Hansen, L. D. Farnsworth, L. K. Itoga, N. K. Nicholson, A. Surnmers, H. L. Whitsitt, M. C. McArthur, E. D. TI Two subspecies and a hybrid of big sagebrush: Comparison of respiration and growth characteristics SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; calorespirometry; endophytes; substrate carbon conversion efficiency; temperature adaptation ID ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA ASTERACEAE; SALT CREEK; ZONE; FITNESS; CANYON AB Environmental temperatures and growth and respiratory characteristics of natural populations of two subspecies and a hybrid of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) that grow on a single hillside were measured to test a hypothesis that adaptation to microclimate temperature patterns restricts these taxa to their native locations and that plant-endophyte associations are important to temperature adaptation. Reciprocal transplants of plants and soil translocation have previously shown that plants grown outside of their native sites or in non-indigenous soil have different respiratory properties and are less vegetatively and reproductively productive than natural populations. A recent study shows that taxa specific endophytes may be responsible for the differences in respiration characteristics and productivity of transplants growing in non-indigenous soils. In this study, hourly temperatures were measured at the upper and lower sites and the newest leaves from natural populations of each subspecies and hybrid were sampled monthly from mid-February to mid-July 2005. Respiratory heat and CO2 production rates of the leaves were measured at 5 degrees C intervals from 10 to 35 degrees C, as well as heats of combustion and carbon and nitrogen contents. Growth rates and substrate carbon conversion efficiencies were calculated from the respiration data. Monthly mean temperature differences of up to 1 degrees C were measured at the native sites. Differences between the respiratory and growth characteristics of the three populations may explain the hybrid zone architecture of indigenous populations, but are not large enough to explain the different respiratory characteristics and poor survival and productivity of transplants. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hansen, L. D.; Farnsworth, L. K.; Itoga, N. K.; Nicholson, A.; Surnmers, H. L.; Whitsitt, M. C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [McArthur, E. D.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Hansen, LD (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM lec_hansen@byu.edu; liafarnsworth@yahoo.com; n8i@yahoo.com; marywhitsitt@hotmail.com; dmcarthur@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 5 BP 643 EP 651 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.08.011 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291HQ UT WOS:000255186900007 ER PT J AU Rowe, M Bakst, MR Pruett-Jones, S AF Rowe, Melissah Bakst, Murray R. Pruett-Jones, Stephen TI Good vibrations? Structure and function of the cloacal tip of male Australian Maluridae SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTREME SPERM PRODUCTION; SUPERB FAIRY-WRENS; INTROMITTENT ORGAN; TESTIS SIZE; COMPETITION GAMES; SEXUAL SELECTION; PHALLOID ORGAN; BIRDS; EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTION AB When females mate multiply, sperm competition can generate strong selection for traits that provide males with a fertilisation advantage. This study examined the cloacal tip, a unique morphological structure of males that appears to be associated with sperm competition in Australian Maluridae. Species in this group appear to experience a range of sperm competition intensities and exhibit a diversity of associated reproductive adaptations and behaviours. A prominent cloacal tip was present in the striated grasswren Amytornis striatus striatus, and superb Malurus cyaneus cyanochlamys, splendid M. splendens melanotus, red-backed M. melanocephalus and white-winged fairy-wrens M. leucopterus leuconotus, while variegated M. lamberti assimilis and blue-breasted M. pulcherrimus fairy-wrens possessed a rudimentary tip, and the southern emu-wren Stipiturus malachurus malachurus lacked a tip. The tip was a muscular hydrostatic appendage of the cloacal protuberance comprised of longitudinal striated muscle, a two-dimensional matrix of connective tissue and a keratinised epithelium. After controlling for phylogenetic relationships, cloacal tip length was positively related to combined testes mass but not body mass. Therefore, species inferred to experience more intense sperm competition exhibited a longer cloacal tip. We discuss the potential function of the cloacal tip and suggest that it may increase a male's likelihood of paternity success and represents a novel adaptation to sperm competition. C1 [Rowe, Melissah; Pruett-Jones, Stephen] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bakst, Murray R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rowe, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, 1101 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM melissah@uchicago.edu RI Rowe, Melissah/G-3905-2015 OI Rowe, Melissah/0000-0001-9747-041X NR 47 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 348 EP 354 DI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2008.04305.x PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 307WE UT WOS:000256348700011 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MR Marinac, L AF Schmitt, Mark R. Marinac, Laurie TI Beta-amylase degradation by serine endoproteinases from green barley malt SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beta-amylase; proteolysis; barley; malt ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; ENDOPROTEASES EP-A; CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASE; GERMINATED BARLEY; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; PURIFICATION; PROTEINASE; RELEASE; SEEDS; GRAIN AB Proteolytic degradation of barley proteins is examined in green (unkilned) malt and germinating seeds from Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Harrington. Zymographic analysis of the Harrington green malt extracts using commercial preparations of barley beta-amylase incorporated as a proteolytic substrate in 2-D SDS gels shows multiple proteolytic activities. A developmental study shows that the several green malt beta-amylase-degrading activities appear at around day 2 of germination. The several activities appear to increase and decrease through 7 days of germination in a coordinated fashion. Gels treated with class-specific proteinase inhibitors show that serine-class proteinase activities are responsible for barley beta-amylase degradation seen on the zymograms. Western blot analysis also shows that proteolytic enzymes recovered from 1-D electrophoretic gels degrade barley beta-amylase, and that the degradation is inhibited by PMSF. This is the first demonstration that malt protemases are capable of degrading important metabolic enzymes in germinating barley, and the first postulated physiological role for the serine class proteinases in barley malt. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schmitt, Mark R.; Marinac, Laurie] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Schmitt, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 502 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mark.schmitt@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 480 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.06.002 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 311LH UT WOS:000256601200010 ER PT J AU Chen, MH Bergman, C Pinson, S Fjellstrom, R AF Chen, Ming-Hsuan Bergman, Christine Pinson, Shannon Fjellstrom, Robert TI Waxy gene haplotypes: Associations with apparent amylose content and the effect by the environment in an international rice germplasm collection SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amylose; waxy gene; SNP; single-nucleotide-polymorphism; SSR; microsatellite marker; Oryza saliva L. ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; MESSENGER-RNA; SPLICE SITES; MICROSATELLITE; TEMPERATURE; ENDOSPERM; EXPRESSION; ALTERNATE AB Apparent amylose content (AAC), the key determinant of rice end-use quality attributes, is primarily controlled by the Waxy gene which codes for granule bound starch synthase (GBSS). We examined the combination of sequence variation in the Waxy gene and environmental effects, and their associations with AAC using 171 rice accessions originating from 43 countries. The combination of two single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) markers in the Waxy gene allows for the identification of three marker haplotypes in this gene. The first SNP is at the leader intron splice site (In1 SNP), and the second polymorphism is in exon 6. The haplotypes explained 86.7% of the variation in AAC and discriminated the three market classes of low, intermediate and high AAC rice from each other. The environment affected the AAC of all haplotypes. Higher air temperature during grain development associated with a decrease in AAC of low and intermediate AAC-types, but with an increase in AAC of high AAC-type. The association of AAC with several Waxy RM190 microsatellite-(CTn) alleles in combination with the In1 SNP was also examined. In conclusion, the Waxy haplotypes studied appear to be useful markers for selecting the AAC of breeding lines developed from the world's rice germplasm. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Ming-Hsuan; Pinson, Shannon; Fjellstrom, Robert] USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Bergman, Christine] Univ Nevada, Dept Food Beverage, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Chen, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM ming.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 536 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.06.013 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 311LH UT WOS:000256601200017 ER PT J AU Dossey, AT Walse, SS Edison, AS AF Dossey, Aaron T. Walse, Spencer S. Edison, Arthur S. TI Developmental and geographical variation in the chemical defense of the walkingstick insect Anisomorpha buprestoides SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect; Anisomorpha buprestoides; phasmatodea; development; chemical ecology; monoterpene; anisomorphal; peruphasmal; dolichodial ID PHASMID INSECT; STICK INSECT; SECRETION; IDENTIFICATION; PHASMATIDAE; REPELLENTS; PHEROMONE; SPRAY; PROBE; NMR AB Anisomorpha buprestoides, a walkingstick common in the southeastern United States, sprays chemicals that irritate and repel threatening insects, birds, or mammals. The active chemical in this substance was initially identified as a monoterpene dialdehyde. This compound can be present in several stereoisomeric forms, and subsequent studies have revealed that A. buprestoides produces at least three diastereomers: anisomorphal, dolichodial, and peruphasmal. However, no inquiry has been made to date into the geographical or developmental dependence of this variation. We report here that different populations of adult A. buprestoides spray either anisomorphal, or peruphasmal, or a mixture of the two stereoisomers. Additionally, offspring of a peruphasmal-producing population produced a variable mixture of anisomorphal and dolichodial but switched to peruphasmal upon reaching sexual maturity. This appears to be the first report of a developmentally regulated change in walkingstick insect chemical defense. Our results suggest a more complex role of these substances in the overall chemical ecology of walkingstick insects. C1 [Dossey, Aaron T.; Edison, Arthur S.] Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Walse, Spencer S.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Edison, Arthur S.] Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Edison, Arthur S.] Univ Florida, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Edison, AS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, POB 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM idpcwboy@ufl.edu; art@mbi.ufl.edu NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 34 IS 5 BP 584 EP 590 DI 10.1007/s10886-008-9457-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 298II UT WOS:000255681000002 PM 18401661 ER PT J AU Sahin, O Plummer, PJ Jordan, DM Sulaj, K Pereira, S Robbe-Austerman, S Wang, LP Yaeger, MJ Hoffman, LJ Zhang, QJ AF Sahin, Orhan Plummer, Paul J. Jordan, Dianna M. Sulaj, Kapllan Pereira, Sonia Robbe-Austerman, Suelee Wang, Liping Yaeger, Michael J. Hoffman, Lorraine J. Zhang, Qijing TI Emergence of a tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter jejuni clone associated with outbreaks of ovine abortion in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FETUS SUBSP FETUS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; SHEEP ABORTIONS; NEW-ZEALAND; SEQUENCE; FOOD; GENE; EFFICACY AB Campylobacter infection is one of the major causes of ovine abortions worldwide. Historically, Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus was the major cause of Campylobacter-associated abortion in sheep; however, Campylobacter jejuni is increasingly associated with sheep abortions. We examined the species distribution, genotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of abortion-associated Campylobacter isolates obtained from multiple lambing seasons on different farms in Iowa, Idaho, South Dakota, and California. We found that C. jejuni has replaced C. fetus as the predominant Campylobacter species causing sheep abortion in the United States. Most strikingly, the vast majority (66 of 71) of the C. jejuni isolates associated with sheep abortion belong to a single genetic clone, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, and cmp gene (encoding the major outer membrane protein) sequence typing. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of these isolates to the antibiotics that are routinely used in food animal production were determined using the agar dilution test. All of the 74 isolates were susceptible to tilmicosin, florfenicol, tulathromycin, and enrofloxacin, and 97% were sensitive to tylosin. However, all were resistant to tetracyclines, the only antibiotics currently approved in the United States for the treatment of Campylobacter abortion in sheep. This finding suggests that feeding tetracycline for the prevention of Campylobacter abortions is ineffective and that other antibiotics should be used for the treatment of sheep abortions in the United States. Together, these results indicate that a single tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni clone has emerged as the major cause of Campylobacter-associated sheep abortion in the United States. C1 [Sahin, Orhan; Plummer, Paul J.; Sulaj, Kapllan; Pereira, Sonia; Wang, Liping; Zhang, Qijing] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jordan, Dianna M.; Hoffman, Lorraine J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Robbe-Austerman, Suelee] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, VS, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Yaeger, Michael J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhang, QJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, 1116 Vet Med Complex, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM zhang123@iastate.edu RI Plummer, Paul/B-2817-2011; Zhang, Qijing/B-7530-2012 OI Plummer, Paul/0000-0002-5784-8382; NR 48 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1663 EP 1671 DI 10.1128/JCM.00031-08 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 298HV UT WOS:000255678200014 PM 18322054 ER PT J AU Cameron, CE Zuerner, RL Raverty, S Colegrove, KA Norman, SA Lamboum, DM Jeffiies, SJ Gulland, FM AF Cameron, Caroline E. Zuerner, Richard L. Raverty, Stephen Colegrove, Kathleen A. Norman, Stephanie A. Lamboum, Dyanna M. Jeffiies, Steven J. Gulland, Frances M. TI Detection of pathogenic Leptospira bacteria in pinniped populations via PCR and identification of a source of transmission for zoonotic leptospirosis in the marine environment SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS; COAST AB Leptospirosis, caused by the spirochete Leptospira, is a geographically widespread disease that affects a broad range of mammals, including marine mammals. Among pinniped populations, periodic epizootics of leptospirosis are responsible for significant die-offs. Along the west coast of North America, the most recent leptospirosis epizootic occurred in 2004, during which samples were collected from cases ranging from California to British Columbia. The primary objective of this study was to use this well-defined sample set to determine the feasibility of using PCR techniques to diagnose Leptospira infection among pinniped populations in comparison with diagnostic methodologies commonly used for marine mammals. Successful amplification was achieved from a variety of samples, including freshly collected urine, urine stored at -80 degrees C for less than 6 months, and kidney (freshly collected, frozen, and decomposed), as well as feces- and urine-contaminated sand collected in the vicinity of a live-stranded animal. Pathological examination of tissue collected from Leptospira-infected animals revealed the presence of leptospiral antigen in the kidneys. The use of species-specific primer pairs revealed a pattern of host specificity for Leptospira interrogans in sea lions and Leptospira kirschneri in elephant seals. These studies indicate PCR is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for the detection of Leptospira infection in pinnipeds and reveal a potential source for epizootic, enzootic, and zoonotic spread of leptospirosis in a marine environment. C1 [Cameron, Caroline E.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Zuerner, Richard L.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Raverty, Stephen] British Columbia Minist Agr, Ctr Anim Hlth, Abbotsford, BC, Canada. [Colegrove, Kathleen A.; Gulland, Frances M.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA. [Colegrove, Kathleen A.] Univ Illinois, Zool Pathol Program, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Norman, Stephanie A.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lamboum, Dyanna M.; Jeffiies, Steven J.] Marine Mammal Invest, Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Cameron, CE (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, POB 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM caroc@uvic.ca NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1728 EP 1733 DI 10.1128/JCM.02022-07 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 298HV UT WOS:000255678200024 PM 18367568 ER PT J AU Oem, JK Yeh, MT McKenna, TS Hayes, JR Rieder, E Giuffre, AC Robida, JM Lee, KN Cho, IS Fang, X Joo, YS Park, JH AF Oem, J. K. Yeh, M. T. McKenna, T. S. Hayes, J. R. Rieder, E. Giuffre, A. C. Robida, J. M. Lee, K. N. Cho, I. S. Fang, X. Joo, Y. S. Park, J. H. TI Pathogenic characteristics of the Korean 2002 isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O in pigs and cattle SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; foot-and-mouth disease; Korean FMDV; pig; viral infection ID APHTHOVIRUS STRAINS; HOST-RANGE; DETERMINANTS; TAIWANESE; ANIMALS; ASSAY; FMDV; 3A AB Experimental infection of susceptible cattle and pigs showed that the O/SKR/AS/2002 pig strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes an infection that is highly virulent and contagious in pigs but very limited in cattle. Pigs directly inoculated with, or exposed to swine infected with, strain O/SKR/AS/2002 showed typical clinical signs, including gross vesicular lesions in mouth and pedal sites. In addition, FMDV was isolated from, and FMDV genomic RNA was detected in, blood, serum, nasal swabs and oesophageal-pharyngeal (OP) fluid early in the course of infection. Antibodies against the non-structural protein (NSP) 3ABC were detected in both directly inoculated and contact pigs, indicating active virus replication. In contrast, the disease in cattle was atypical. After inoculation, lesions were confined to the infection site. A transient viraemia occurred I and 2 days after inoculation, and this was followed by the production of antibodies to NSP 3ABC, indicating subclincial infection. No clinical disease was seen, and no antibodies to NSP 3ABC were present in contact cattle. Additionally, no virus or viral nucleic acid was detected in blood, nasal swab and OP fluid samples from contact cattle. Thus, the virus appeared not to be transmitted from infected cattle to contact cattle. In its behaviour in pigs and cattle, strain O/SKR/AS/2002 resembled the porcinophilic FMDV strain of Cathay origin, O/TAW/97. However, the latter, unlike O/SKR/AS/2002, has reduced ability to grow in bovine-derived cells. The porcinophilic character of O/TAW/97 has been attributed to a deletion in the 3A coding region of the viral genome. However, O/SKR/AS/2002 has an intact 3A coding region. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oem, J. K.; Lee, K. N.; Cho, I. S.; Joo, Y. S.; Park, J. H.] Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Foreign Anim Dis Res Div, Minist Agr, Anyang 430824, South Korea. [Yeh, M. T.; McKenna, T. S.; Hayes, J. R.; Giuffre, A. C.; Robida, J. M.] USDA APHIS FADDL, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Rieder, E.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Fang, X.] Ambion Inc, Austin, TX 78744 USA. RP Park, JH (reprint author), Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Foreign Anim Dis Res Div, Minist Agr, 480 Anyang 6 Dong, Anyang 430824, South Korea. EM parkjh@nvrqs.go.kr NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 138 IS 4 BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.01.007 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 296MN UT WOS:000255549100005 PM 18384806 ER PT J AU Feng, J Naiman, DQ Cooper, B AF Feng, Jian Naiman, Daniel Q. Cooper, Bret TI Combined dynamic arrays for storing and searching semi-ordered tandem mass spectrometry data SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computational speed; data structure; PANORAMICS; protein assembly ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES AB When performing bioinformatics analysis on tandem mass spectrometry data, there is a computational need to efficiently store and sort these semi-ordered datasets. To solve this problem, a new data structure based on dynamic arrays was designed and implemented in an algorithm that parses semi-ordered data made by Mascot, a separate software program that matches peptide tandem mass spectra to protein sequences in a database. By accommodating the special features of these large datasets, the combined dynamic array (CDA) provides efficient searching and insertion operations. The operations on real datasets using this new data structure are hundreds times faster than operations using binary tree and red-black tree structures. The difference becomes more significant when the dataset size grows. This data structure may be useful for improving the speed of other related types of protein assembling software or other types of software that operate on datasets with similar semi-ordered features. C1 [Cooper, Bret] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Feng, Jian; Naiman, Daniel Q.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006,Rm 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bret.Cooper@ars.usda.gov RI Naiman, Daniel/A-3304-2010 OI Naiman, Daniel/0000-0001-6504-9081 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1066-5277 J9 J COMPUT BIOL JI J. Comput. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1089/cmb.2008.0011 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 303PV UT WOS:000256053800007 PM 18435569 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Willett, JL Bosma, WB Momany, FA AF Schnupf, Udo Willett, Julious L. Bosma, Wayne B. Momany, Frank A. TI DFT conformational studies of alpha-maltotriose SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE conformation; DFT; B3LYP/6-311++G**; alpha-maltotriose; COSMO ID BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; B3LYP/6-311++G-ASTERISK-ASTERISK LEVEL; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GEOMETRY-OPTIMIZATION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; MALTOSE; INITIO; CELLOBIOSE; CRYSTAL; B3LYP/6-311++G AB Recent DFT optimization studies on alpha-maltose improved our understanding of the preferred conformations of alpha-maltose. The present study extends these studies to alpha-maltotriose with three alpha-D-glucopyranose residues linked by two alpha-[1 -> 4] bridges, denoted herein as DP-3's. Combinations of gg, gt, and tg hydroxymethyl groups are included for both "c" and "r" hydroxyl rotamers. When the hydroxymethyl groups are for example, gg-gg-gg, and the hydroxyl groups are rotated from all clockwise, "c", to all counterclockwise, "r", the minimum energy positions of the bridging dihedral angles (phi H and psi H) move from the region of conformational space of (-, -), relative to (0 degrees, 0 degrees), to a new position defined by (+, +). Further, it was found previously that the relative energies of alpha-maltose gg-gg-c and "r" conformations were very close to one another; however, the DP-3's relative energies between hydroxyl "c" or "r" rotamers differ by more than one kcal/mol, in favor of the "c" form, even though the lowest energy DP-3 conformations have glycosidic dihedral angles similar to those found in the alpha-maltose study. Preliminary solvation studies using COSMO, a dielectric solvation method, point to important solvent contributions that reverse the energy profiles, showing an energy preference for the "r" forms. Only structures in which the rings are in the chair conformation are presented here. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Schnupf, Udo; Willett, Julious L.; Momany, Frank A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bosma, Wayne B.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1905 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frank.momany@ars.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1103 EP 1112 DI 10.1002/jcc.20872 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 297GZ UT WOS:000255606400009 PM 18069685 ER PT J AU Smith, AE Chapman, JW Dumbauld, BR AF Smith, Andrew E. Chapman, John W. Dumbauld, Brett R. TI Population structure and energetics of the bopyrid isopod parasite Orthione griffenis in mud shrimp Upogebia pugettensis SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasite; ecology; Crustacea; Orthione; Upogebia; Neaeromya; Thallassinidea; Northeast Pacific; estuaries ID PROBOPYRUS-PANDALICOLA; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; DECAPODA; CALIFORNIENSIS; REPRODUCTION; OYSTERS; GROWTH; BURROW AB The population structure and energetic burden of bopyrid isopod parasite Orthione griffenis on the eastern Pacific mud shrimp Upogebia pugettensis are estimated from size and weight relationships between parasite and host. U. pugettensis weight loss increases with O. griffenis weight but the high variance in the relation indicates that direct weight comparisons are insufficient to reveal most of the host-parasite energetic interactions. Environment, reproductive development, age, molt stage and the feeding histories of the hosts and parasites, not apparent from weight ratio comparisons, are likely to be important factors in their interaction. The high prevalence of O. griffenis among U. pugettensis and positive correlation between host weight loss and parasite weight nevertheless, indicate large impacts of these parasites on mud shrimp populations are occurring with corresponding effects on estuarine dynamics in Pacific Northwest estuaries. C1 [Smith, Andrew E.] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. [Chapman, John W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] ARS, USDA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Smith, AE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 130 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM smitha2@onid.orst.edu NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1651/0278-0372(2008)028[0228:PSAEOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305DT UT WOS:000256158700005 ER PT J AU Kimura, K Goff, JP Schmerr, MJ Stabel, JR Inumaru, S Yokomizo, Y AF Kimura, K. Goff, J. P. Schmerr, M. J. Stabel, J. R. Inumaru, S. Yokomizo, Y. TI Activation of immune cells in bovine mammary gland secretions by zymosan-treated bovine serum SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE complement; dairy cow; interleukin-8; mastitis ID CONFORMATIONALLY BIASED AGONIST; COMPLEMENT FRAGMENT C5A; IFN-GAMMA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; DRY PERIOD; IN-VITRO; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS AB Mastitis, caused by bacterial infection of the mammary gland, is a major disease of dairy cattle. The greatest risks of intramammary infection occur at the end of lactation and at the initiation of the next lactation when the cow calves. Treating serum with zymosan (yeast cell wall preparation) causes the complement to cleave, allowing this serum to serve as a source of complement fragment 5a (C5a), a potent chemoattractant and activator of the immune system. Our hypothesis was that intramammary infusion of zymosan-treated serum (ZTS) would recruit polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and generate prolonged activity in lymphocytes within the mammary gland. Ultimately this could help prevent bacterial infections in cows at dry-off and at the initiation of lactation. Two ipsilateral quarters of the mammary gland of each cow were infused with ZTS (12.5 mL/quarter), and 2 contralateral quarters were infused with saline in 8 cows shortly after lactation ended. Mammary secretions were collected periodically throughout the dry period and the first 2 wk of the next lactation. Activation status of lymphocytes and PMN in those secretions was assessed based on the intracellular presence or absence of IFN-gamma and IL-8 as determined by flow cytometry. The ZTS infusion greatly increased PMN numbers in mammary secretions for the first week only. The percentage of IFN-gamma positive lymphocytes and PMN, and the percentage of IL-8 positive PMN, exhibited a sustained increase in secretions from ZTS-treated quarters through the first 2 wk of lactation. The ZTS can stimulate PMN and lymphocyte-mediated immune defense mechanisms in the mammary gland, which may provide a useful means of preventing new intramammary infections during the dry period as well as at the initiation of lactation. C1 [Kimura, K.; Goff, J. P.; Schmerr, M. J.; Stabel, J. R.; Inumaru, S.; Yokomizo, Y.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kimura, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kimurakayoko@msn.com NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1852 EP 1864 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0895 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 288ZM UT WOS:000255024800016 PM 18420616 ER PT J AU Fellner, V Burns, JC Marshall, DS AF Fellner, V. Burns, J. C. Marshall, D. S. TI Effect of feeding corn, hull-less or hulled barley on fermentation by mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE barley; corn; ruminal fermentation ID TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS; RUMEN CONTENTS; DIETARY FIBER; IN-VITRO; DIGESTION; PROTEIN; EXTENT; BACTERIA; COWS; PH AB Increased demands for corn grain warrant the evaluation of alternative grain types for ruminant production systems. This study was conducted to determine the effects of hulled and hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars compared with corn (Zea mays L.) as an alternative grain type on fermentation in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. Three continuous fermentors were fed 14 g of dry feed per day (divided equally between 2 feedings) consisting of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay pellets (40% of dry matter) and 1) ground corn, 2) hulled barley, or 3) hull-less barley concentrate (60% of dry matter) in each fermentor. Following an adaptation period of 5 d, culture samples were taken at 2 h after the morning feeding on d 6, 7, and 8 of each period for analysis. A second run of the fermentors followed the same treatment sequence to provide replication. Culture pH was reduced with corn (5.55) and did not differ between barley cultivars (average pH 5.89). Total volatile fatty acid concentration and acetate to propionate ratio were not different across grain type or barley cultivar with the exception of greater total volatile fatty acid concentrations with hull-less barley. Corn produced less methane (14.6 mmol/d) and ammonia-N (7.3 mg/100 mL) compared with barley (33.1 mmol/d and 22 mg/100 mL, respectively); methane was greater with hull-less barley but ammonia-N concentration was similar between the 2 barley cultivars. Hull-less barley had greater digestibility compared with hulled barley, and corn had reduced digestibility compared with barley. Concentrations of C18:0 were greater and those of C18:1 and C18:2 lesser in cultures fed hulled and hull-less barley compared with corn. Our data indicate that grain type and barley cultivar have an impact on ruminal fermentation. The lesser starch concentration of barley minimized the drop in culture pH and improved digestibility. C1 [Fellner, V.; Burns, J. C.; Marshall, D. S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.; Marshall, D. S.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Marshall, D. S.] Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fellner, V (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Vivek_Fellner@ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1936 EP 1941 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0078 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 288ZM UT WOS:000255024800025 PM 18420625 ER PT J AU Foltz, RB Yanosek, KA Brown, TM AF Foltz, Randy B. Yanosek, Kristina A. Brown, Timothy M. TI Sediment concentration and turbidity changes during culvert removals SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; road obliteration; sediment; stream water quality; culvert removal ID FOREST ROADS AB The concentrations of sediment and turbidity in stream water were monitored during culvert removals to determine the short term effects of road obliteration. Sediment concentration was measured at 11 stream crossings among two locations in Idaho and one in Washington. Sediment concentration immediately below the culvert outlet exceeded levels above the culvert outlet by at least three orders of magnitude at all stream crossings. Sediment yields ranged from 170 to less than 1 kg in the 24-h period following culvert removal. Turbidity exceeded the regulatory limits during culvert removal at all locations monitored in this study and remained above the limits beyond the monitoring periods of 24h at four of the locations. Sediment concentrations 100m downstream of the culvert outlet were reduced by an order of magnitude, but did not change the turbidity values Sufficiently to meet regulatory limits. Sediment concentrations an average of 810 m downstream of the Culvert outlet were similar to sediment concentrations above the culvert for the entire excavation period and turbidity regulations were met. Mitigation consisting of two straw bales placed in the stream caused a significant reduction in sediment yield from an average of 67 kg to an average of 1.6 kg. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Foltz, Randy B.; Yanosek, Kristina A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Brown, Timothy M.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Foltz, RB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM rfoltz@fs.fed.us; tmbrown@u.washington.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.047 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287ZK UT WOS:000254955800001 PM 17412479 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Sojka, RE AF Entry, James A. Sojka, R. E. TI Matrix based fertilizers reduce nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in three soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE starch; chitosan; lignin; mycorrhizae; aluminum sulfate; iron sulfate ID SILICONE POLYMER; HUMIC FRACTIONS; RUNOFF; STRAW; WATER; STABILIZATION; AVAILABILITY; POLYETHYLENE; DEGRADATION; MANAGEMENT AB We compared the efficacy of matrix based fertilizers (MBFs) formulated to reduce NO3-, NH4+, and total phosphorus (TP) leaching with Osmocoate (R) 14-14-14, a conventional commercial slow release fertilizer (SRF) and an unamended control in three different soil textures in a greenhouse column study. The MBFs covered a range of inorganic N and P in compounds that are relatively loosely bound (MBF 1) to more moderately bound (MBF 2) and more tightly bound compounds (MBF 3) mixed with Al(SO4)(3)H2O and/or Fe-2(SO4)(3) and with high ionic exchange compounds starch, chitosan and lignin. When N and P are released, the chemicals containing these nutrients in the MBF bind N and P to a Al(SO4)(3)H2O and/or Fe-2(SO4)(3) starch-chitosan-lignin matrix. One milligram (8000 spores) of Glomus intradices was added to all formulations to enhance nutrient uptake. In all three soil textures the SRF leachate contained a higher amount of NH4+, NO3-, and TP than leachate from all other fertilizers. In all three soils there were no consistent differences in the amount of NH4+ NO3- and TP in the MBF leachates compared to the control leachate. Plants growing in soils receiving SRF had greater shoot, root and total biomass than all MBFs regardless of Al(SO4)(3)H2O or Fe-2(SO4)(3) additions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in plant roots did not consistently differ among plants growing in soil receiving SRF, MBFs and control treatments. Although the MBFs resulted in less plant growth in this experiment they may be applied to soils growing plants in areas that are at high risk for nutrient leaching to surface waters. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Entry, James A.; Sojka, R. E.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. EM jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov; sojka@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov NR 44 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 364 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.044 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287ZK UT WOS:000254955800004 PM 17597286 ER PT J AU McDowell, RW Dou, Z Toth, JD Cade-Menun, BJ Kleinman, PJA Soder, K Saporito, L AF McDowell, R. W. Dou, Z. Toth, J. D. Cade-Menun, B. J. Kleinman, P. J. A. Soder, K. Saporito, L. TI A comparison of phosphorus speciation and potential bioavailability in feed and feces of different dairy herds using IT nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Review ID WATER-EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; P-31 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; ANIMAL MANURES; GRASSLAND SOIL; OVERLAND-FLOW; CATTLE; DUNG; PHOSPHATES; SHEEP AB An experiment was conducted to examine how potential phosphorus (P) bioavailability (inferred from speciation) differs in feed and feces collected in spring from four dairy herds representing different management systems: (i) total confinement with cows fed total mixed ration (TMR), (ii) total confinement with TMR plus P mineral supplement, (iii) a hybrid of confinement with TMR and pastoral grazing, and (iv) predominantly grazing with supplemental grains. A treatment was included that air dried feces to simulate conditions after dung deposition. Wet chemical techniques and solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-31-NMR) were used to identify P concentrations and compounds present in water (a surrogate for P in overland flow), dilute acid (0.012 MHCI, an estimate of P utilization by cattle), or NaOH-EDTA (a solution that maximizes the organic P extraction) extracts of feed and feces. In general, P concentration in feces paralleled P in feed. Air drying feces decreased water-extractable P by 13 to 61% largely due to a decrease in orthophosphate, whereas NaOH-EDTA-extractable P increased by 18 to 48%. Analysis of dilute HCI was unsuccessful due to orthophosphate precipitation when pH was adjusted to 12 for P-31-NMR. In water extracts, more P was in bioavailable diester-P forms, undetectable by colorimetry, than in NaOH-EDTA extracts. In feed, orthophosphate dominated (46-70%), but myo-IHP varied with feed (<10% in forage samples but 43% in a TMR sample). The proportion of myo-IHP decreased in feces compared with feed via mineralization but decreased less in systems with a greater proportion of available P input (e.g., orthophosphate and phospholipids). Feed and drying effect the concentrations and forms of P in feces and their potential impact on soil and water quality, Although bioavailable P in feces from pasture-based and confined systems can be similar in spring, dung-P is distributed on a lower kg P ha(-1) rate in grazing systems, The best method to mitigate P loss from feces is to decrease P in feed. C1 [McDowell, R. W.] AgRes, Invermay Agr Ctr, Mosgiel, New Zealand. [Dou, Z.; Toth, J. D.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Sect Anim Prod Sysrt, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Cade-Menun, B. J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kleinman, P. J. A.; Soder, K.; Saporito, L.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McDowell, RW (reprint author), AgRes, Invermay Agr Ctr, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand. EM richard.mcdowell@agresearch.co.nz OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 60 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 741 EP 752 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0086 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400003 PM 18453394 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Torbert, HA Runion, GB Rogers, HH Kimball, BA AF Prior, S. A. Torbert, H. A. Runion, G. B. Rogers, H. H. Kimball, B. A. TI Free-air CO2 enrichment of sorghum: Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; AGROECOSYSTEMS; STORAGE AB The positive impact of elevated atmospheric CO, concentration on crop biomass production suggests more carbon inputs to soil. Further study on the effect of elevated CO, on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics is key to understanding the potential for long-term carbon storage in soil. Soil samples (0- to 5-, 5- to 10-, and 10- to 20-cm depths) were collected after 2 yr of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] production under two atmospheric CO, levels: (370 [ambient] and 550 mu L L-1 [free-air CO2 enrichment; FACE]) and two water treatments (ample water and limited water) on a Trix clay loam (fine, loamy, mixed [calcareous], hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvents) at Maricopa, AZ. In addition to assessing treatment effects on soil organic C and total N, potential C and N mineralization and C turnover were determined in a 60-d laboratory incubation study. After 2 yr of FACE, soil C and N were significantly increased at all soil depths. Water regime had no effect on these measures. Increased total N in the soil was associated with reduced N mineralization under FACE. Results indicated that potential C turnover was reduced under water deficit conditions at the top soil depth. Carbon turnover was not affected under FACE, implying that the observed increase in soil C with elevated CO2 may be stable relative to ambient CO2 conditions. Results suggest that, over the short-term, a small increase in soil C storage could occur under elevated atmospheric CO2 conditions in sorghum production systems with differing water regimes. C1 [Prior, S. A.; Torbert, H. A.; Runion, G. B.; Rogers, H. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Kimball, B. A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM sprior@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 753 EP 758 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0276 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400004 PM 18453395 ER PT J AU Haile-Mariam, S Collins, HR Higgins, SS AF Haile-Mariam, S. Collins, H. R. Higgins, S. S. TI Greenhouse gas fluxes from an irrigated sweet corn (Zea mays L.)-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rotation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; LAND-USE CHANGE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; METHANE OXIDATION; TEMPERATE FOREST; UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-OXIDE; SOIL; EMISSIONS; TILLAGE AB Intensive agriculture and increased N fertilizer use have contributed to elevated emissions of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH), and nitrous oxide (N2O). In this study, the exchange of CO2 NO2 and CH4 between a Quincy fine sand (mixed, mesic Xeric Torripsamments) soil and atmosphere was measured in a sweet corn (Zea mays L.)-sweet corn-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rotation during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons under irrigation in eastern Washington. Gas samples were collected using static chambers installed in the second-year sweet corn and potato plots under conventional tillage or reduced tillage. Total emissions of CO2-C from sweet corn integrated over the season were 2071 and 1684 kg CO2-C ha(-1) for the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons, respectively. For the same period, CO2 emissions from potato plots were 1571 and 1256 kg of CO2-C ha(-1). Cumulative CO2 fluxes from sweet corn and potato fields were 17 and 13 times higher, respectively, than adjacent non-irrigated, native shrub steppe vegetation (NV). Nitrous oxide losses accounted for 0.5% (0.55 kg N ha(-1)) of the applied fertilizer (112 kg N ha(-1)) in corn and 0.3% (0.59 kg N ha(-1)) of the 224 kg N ha(-1) applied fertilizer. Sweet corn and potato plots, on average, absorbed 1.7 g CH4-C ha(-1) d(-1) and 2.3 g CH4-C ha(-1) d(-1), respectively. The global warming potential contributions from NV, corn, and potato fields were 459, 7843, and 6028 kg CO2-equivalents ha(-1), respectively, for the 2005 growing season and were 14% lower in 2006. C1 [Collins, H. R.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Haile-Mariam, S.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Higgins, S. S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Collins, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM hal.collins@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 759 EP 771 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0400 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400005 PM 18453396 ER PT J AU Mackowiak, CL Amacher, MC AF Mackowiak, C. L. Amacher, M. C. TI Soil sulfur amendments suppress selenium uptake by alfalfa and western wheatgrass SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GYPSUM APPLICATION; RHIZOSPHERE SOIL; AMINO-ACIDS; PLANTS; SELENATE; SULFATE; ACCUMULATION; TRANSLOCATION; SPECIATION; KINETICS AB Selenium (Se) is a potential soil contaminant in many parts of the world where it can pose a health risk to livestock and wildlife. Phosphate ore mining in Southeast Idaho has resulted in numerous waste rock dumps revegetated with forages to stabilize the dumps and support grazing. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa Q, smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and western wheat grass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love] are the dominant forage species on these lands. To demonstrate the feasibility of using sulfur (S) as a soil amendment to restrict plant Se uptake, 3 kg pots containing 50:50 w/w soil and waste shale were uniformly mixed with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 Mg ha(-1) S as either elemental S or gypsum. Pots were seeded with alfalfa or western wheat grass. Dry mass and tissue Se were monitored over several clippings. Soils were sampled at the conclusion of the study and analyzed for water-soluble, oxalate-extractable, and total Se. Sulfur amendments as either elemental S or gypsum at 1.0 Mg ha(-1) or greater equally suppressed Se uptake over 60% in both forage species. Alfalfa accumulated more Se than western wheat grass. Plant removal via successive clippings resulted in lower tissue Se accumulation over time than the use of S soil amendments alone. Alfalfa-planted soils contained lower water-soluble and oxalate-extractable Se than did the non-planted controls while western wheat grass-planted soils contained lower water-soluble Se. Applying S to these shale-based soils may be an economically viable option for treating Se-impacted, revegetated lands. C1 [Mackowiak, C. L.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Amacher, M. C.] USDA, FS Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Mackowiak, CL (reprint author), Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 155 Res Dr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. EM echol3@ufl.edu NR 51 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 772 EP 779 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0157 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400006 PM 18453397 ER PT J AU Kang, SJ Lin, H Gburek, WJ Folmar, GJ Lowery, B AF Kang, Shujiang Lin, Henry Gburek, William J. Folmar, Gordon J. Lowery, Birl TI Baseflow nitrate in relation to stream order and agricultural land use SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS; FLOW; RETENTION; INTERFACE; CATCHMENT; TRANSPORT; DEPLETION AB Management of agricultural nonpoint-source pollution continues to be a challenge because of spatial and temporal variability. Using stream order as an index, we explored the distribution of nitrate concentration and load along the stream network of a large agricultural watershed in Pennsylvania-the East Mahantango Creek Watershed and two of its sub-watersheds. To understand nitrate concentration variation in the stream water contributed from ground water, this study focused on baseflow. Impacts of agricultural land use area on baseflow nitrate in the stream network were investigated. Nitrate concentration showed a general decreasing trend with increasing stream order based on stream order averaged values; however, considerable spatial and temporal variability existed within each snapshot sampling. Nitrate loads increased with stream order in a power function because of the dominant effect of stream flow rate over the nitrate concentration. Within delineated sub-watersheds based on stream orders, positive linear functions were found between agricultural land use area percentage and the baseflow nitrate concentration and between agricultural drainage area and the nitrate load. The slope of the positive linear regression between the baseflow nitrate concentration and percent agricultural land area seems to be a valuable indicator of a watershed's water quality as influenced by agricultural practices, watershed size, and specific physiographic setting. Stream order seems to integrate, to a certain degree, the source and transport aspects of nonpoint-source pollution on a yearly averaged basis and thus might provide a quick estimate of the overall trend in baseflow nitrate concentration and load distribution along complex stream networks in agricultural watersheds. C1 [Kang, Shujiang; Lin, Henry] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gburek, William J.; Folmar, Gordon J.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lowery, Birl] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM henrylin@psu.edu RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011 NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 808 EP 816 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0011 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400010 PM 18453401 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Truman, CC Strickland, TC Bosch, DD Webster, TM AF Potter, Thomas L. Truman, Clint C. Strickland, Timothy C. Bosch, David D. Webster, Theodore M. TI Herbicide incorporation by irrigation and tillage impact on runoff loss SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COVER CROP RESIDUES; SIMULATED RAINFALL; COASTAL-PLAIN; VARIABLE RAINFALL; SURFACE-WATER; LOESSIAL SOIL; LOAMY SAND; WASH-OFF; INTENSITY; PENDIMETHALIN AB Runoff from farm fields is a common source of herbicide residues in surface waters. Incorporation by irrigation has the potential to reduce herbicide runoff risks. To assess impacts, rainfall was simulated on plots located in a peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field in Georgia's Atlantic Coastal Plain region after pre-emergence application of metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyt-6-methylphenyl)-N-[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]- acetamide) and pendimethalin (N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-benzenamine). Runoff, sediment, and herbicide loss as function of strip tillage (ST) versus conventional tillage (CT) were compared with and without irrigation (12.5 mm) after application of an herbicide tank mixture. For the CT system, metolachlor runoff was reduced 2x and pendimethalin 1.2x when compared with the non-irrigated treatment. The difference in irrigated and non-irrigated metolachlor means was significant (P = 0.05). Irrigation reduced metolachlor runoff by 1.3x in the ST system, but there was a 1.4x increase for pendimethalin. Overall results indicated that irrigation incorporation reduces herbicide runoff with the greatest impact when CT is practiced and products like metolachlor, which have relatively low K-oc and high water solubility, are used. The lower ST system response was likely due to a combination of spray interception and retention by the ST system cover crop mulch and higher ST soil organic carbon content and less total runoff. During the study, the measured K-oc of both herbicides on runoff sediment was found to vary with tillage and irrigation after herbicide application. Generally, K-oc was higher for ST sediment and when irrigation incorporation was used with the CT system. These results have significant implications for simulation model parametization. C1 [Potter, Thomas L.; Truman, Clint C.; Strickland, Timothy C.; Bosch, David D.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Potter, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Tom.Potter@ars.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 839 EP 847 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0306 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400014 PM 18453405 ER PT J AU Krutz, LJ Shaner, DL Accinelli, C Zablotowicz, RM Henry, WB AF Krutz, L. Jason Shaner, Dale L. Accinelli, Cesare Zablotowicz, Robert M. Henry, W. Brien TI Atrazine dissipation in s-triazine-adapted and nonadapted soil from Colorado and Mississippi: Implications of enhanced degradation on atrazine fate and transport parameters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SP STRAIN ADP; PSEUDOMONAS SP; HERBICIDE CONCENTRATIONS; ALLOPHANATE HYDROLASE; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; MIDWESTERN STREAMS; SURFACE RUNOFF; ROOT-ZONE; PESTICIDE AB Soil bacteria have developed novel metabolic abilities resulting in enhanced atrazine degradation. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate the effects of enhanced degradation on parameters used to model atrazine fate and transport. The objectives of this study were (i) to screen Colorado (CO) and Mississippi (MS) atrazine-adapted and non-adapted soil for genes that code for enzymes able to rapidly catabolize atrazine and (ii) to compare atrazine persistence, Q(10), beta, and metabolite profiles between adapted and non-adapted soils. The atzABC and/or trzN genes were detected only in adapted soil. Atrazine's average half-life in adapted soil was 10-fold lower than that of the non-adapted soil and 18-fold lower than the USEPA estimate of 3 to 4 mo. was greater in adapted sod. No difference in P was observed between soils. The accumulation and persistence of mono-N-dealkylated metabolites was lower in adapted soil; conversely, under suboptimal moisture levels in CO adapted soil, hydroxyatrazine concentrations exceeded 30% of the parent compounds' initial mass. Results indicate that (i) enhanced atrazine degradation and atzABC and/or trzN genes are likely widespread across the Western and Southern corn-growing regions of the USA; (ii) persistence of atrazine and its mono-N-dealkylated metabolites is significantly reduced in adapted soil; (iii) hydroxyatrazine can be a major degradation product in adapted soil; and (iv) fate, transport, and risk assessment models that assume historic atrazine degradation pathways and persistence estimates will likely overpredict the compounds' transport potential in adapted soil. C1 [Krutz, L. Jason; Zablotowicz, Robert M.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shaner, Dale L.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Accinelli, Cesare] Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Henry, W. Brien] USDA ARS, Corn Plant Host Resistance Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jason.krutz@ars.usda.gov RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008; OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Accinelli, Cesare/0000-0001-8200-0108; Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 49 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 848 EP 857 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0448 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400015 PM 18453406 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Munson, AS McKelvey, SR Bush, PB Borys, RR AF Fettig, Christopher J. Munson, A. Steven McKelvey, Stephen R. Bush, Parshall B. Borys, Robert R. TI Spray deposition from ground-based applications of carbaryl to protect individual trees from bark beetle attack SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; UNITED-STATES; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; ACUTE TOXICITY; PINE-BEETLE; COLEOPTERA; CHLORPYRIFOS; INSECTICIDES; LINDANE; CURCULIONIDAE AB Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are recognized as the most important tree mortality agent in western coniferous forests. A common method of protecting trees from bark beetle attack is to saturate the tree bole with carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamace) using a hydraulic sprayer. In this study, we evaluate the amount of carbaryl drift (ground deposition) occurring at four distances from the tree bole (7.6, 15.2, 22.9, and 38.1 m) during conventional Spray applications for protecting individual lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) from mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) attack and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) from spruce beetle (D. rufipennis [Kirby]) attack. Mean deposition (carbaryl + a-naphthol) did not differ significantly among treatments (nozzle orifices) at any distance from the tree bole. Values ranged from 0.04 +/- 0.02 mg carbaryl m(-2) at 38.1 m to 13.30 +/- 2.54 mg carbaryl m(-2) at 7.6 m. Overall, distance from the tree bole significantly affected the amount of deposition. Deposition was greatest 7.6 in from the tree bole and quickly declined as distance from the tree bole increased. Approximately 97% of total spray deposition occurred within 15.2 in of the tree bole. Application efficiency (i.e., percentage of insecticide applied that is retained on trees) ranged from 80.9 to 87.2%. Based on review of the literature, this amount of drift poses little threat to adjacent aquatic environments. No-spray buffers of 7.6 in should be sufficient to protect freshwater fish, amphibians, crustaceans, bivalves, and Most aquatic insects. Buffers >22.9 m appear sufficient to protect the most sensitive aquatic insects (Plecoptera). C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.; McKelvey, Stephen R.; Borys, Robert R.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Munson, A. Steven] USDA, Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. [Bush, Parshall B.] Univ Georgia, Agr & Environm Serv Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1170 EP 1179 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0300 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400045 PM 18453436 ER PT J AU Farenhorst, A Papiernik, SK Saiyed, I Messing, P Stephens, KD Schumacher, JA Lobb, DA Li, S Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, TE AF Farenhorst, A. Papiernik, S. K. Saiyed, I. Messing, P. Stephens, K. D. Schumacher, J. A. Lobb, D. A. Li, S. Lindstrom, M. J. Schumacher, T. E. TI Herbicide sorption coefficients in relation to soil properties and terrain attributes on a cultivated prairie SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; LANDSCAPE POSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; 2,4-D SORPTION; GLYPHOSATE; ADSORPTION; MODELS; WATER; DEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER AB The sorption of 2,4-D and glyphosate herbicides in soil was quantified for 287 surface soils (0-15 cm) collected in a 10 X 10 in grid across a heavily eroded, undulating, calcareous prairie landscape. Other variables that were determined included soil carbonate content, soil pH, soil organic carbon content (SOC), soil texture, soil loss or gain by tillage and water erosion, and selected terrain attributes and landform segments. The 2,4-D sorption coefficient (K-d) was significantly associated with soil carbonate content (-0.66; P < 0.001), soil pH (-0.63; P < 0.001), and SOC (0.47; P < 0.001). Upper slopes were strongly eroded and thus had a significantly greater soil carbonate content and less SOC compared with lower slopes that were in soil accumulation zones. The 2,4-D Kd was almost twice as small in upper slopes than in lower slopes. The 2,4-D K-d, was also significantly associated with nine terrain attributes, particularly with compounded topographic index (0.59; P < 0.00 1), gradient (-0.48; P < 0.001), mean curvature (-0.43; P < 0.001), and plan curvature (-0.42 P < 0.001). Regression equations were generated to estimate herbicide sorption in soils. The predicted power of these equations increased for 2,4-D when selected terrain attributes were combined with soil properties. In contrast, the variation of glyphosate sorption across the field was much less dependent on our measured soil properties and calculated terrain attributes. We conclude that the integration of terrain attributes or landform segments in pesticide fate modeling is more advantageous for herbicides such as 2,4-D, whose sorption to soil is weak and influenced by subtle changes in soil properties, than for herbicides such as glyphosate that are strongly bound to soil regardless of soil properties. C1 [Farenhorst, A.; Saiyed, I.; Messing, P.; Stephens, K. D.; Lobb, D. A.; Li, S.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Papiernik, S. K.; Lindstrom, M. J.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Schumacher, J. A.; Schumacher, T. E.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Farenhorst, A (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, 380 Ellis Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM farenhor@ms.umanitoba.ca NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1201 EP 1208 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0109 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400048 PM 18453439 ER PT J AU Butler, DM Franklin, DH Cabrera, ML Tasistro, AS Xia, K West, LT AF Butler, David M. Franklin, Dorcas H. Cabrera, Miguel L. Tasistro, Armando S. Xia, Kang West, Larry T. TI Evaluating aeration techniques for decreasing phosphorus export from grasslands receiving manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF WATER-QUALITY; LIQUID DAIRY MANURE; BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; POULTRY LITTER; MECHANICAL AERATION; SURFACE APPLICATION; NUTRIENT RUNOFF; LOW-DISTURBANCE; BROILER LITTER AB Because surface-applied manures can contribute to phosphorus (P) in runoff, we examined mechanical aeration of grasslands for reducing P transport by increasing infiltration of rainfall and binding of P with soil minerals. The effects of three aeration treatments and a control (aeration with cores, continuous-furrow "no-till" disk aeration perpendicular to the slope, slit aeration with tines, and no aeration treatment) on the export of total suspended solids, total Kjeldahl P (TKP), total dissolved P (TDP), dissolved reactive P (DRP), and bioavailable P (BAP) in runoff from grasslands with three manure treatments (broiler litter, dairy slurry and no manure) were examined before and after simulated compaction by cattle. Plots (0.75 x 2 in) were established on a Cecil soil series with mixed tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)-bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] vegetation on 8 to 12% slopes. Manures were applied at a target rate of 30 kg P ha(-1), and simulated rainfall was applied at a rate of 85 mm h(-1). Although the impact of aeration type on P export varied before and after simulated compaction, overall results indicated that core aeration has the greatest potential for reducing P losses. Export of TKP was reduced by 55%, TDP by 62%, DRP by 61 %, total BAP by 54%, and dissolved BAP by 57% on core-aerated plots with applied broiler litter as compared with the control (P < 0.05). Core and no-till disk aeration also showed potential for reducing P export from applied dairy slurry (p < 0. 10). Given that Cecil soil is common in pastures receiving broiler litter in the Southern Piedmont, our results indicate that pairing core aeration of these pastures with litter application could have a widespread impact on surface water quality. C1 [Franklin, Dorcas H.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Butler, David M.; Cabrera, Miguel L.; West, Larry T.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Tasistro, Armando S.] Univ Georgia, Agr & Environm Serv Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Xia, Kang] Mississippi State Chem Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Franklin, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dory.franklin@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1279 EP 1287 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0289 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400057 PM 18453448 ER PT J AU Eifler, DA Eifler, MA Harris, BR AF Eifler, Douglas A. Eifler, Maria A. Harris, Bethany R. TI Foraging under the risk of predation in desert grassland whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis uniparens) SO JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspidoscelis; foraging; lizard; predation risk; saltatory search ID GAMBELIA-WISLIZENII; SEARCH TACTICS; TRADE-OFF; APPREHENSION; BEHAVIOR; GERBILS; EFFICIENCY; VIGILANCE; SELECTION; STRATEGY AB The whiptail lizard Aspidoscelis uniparens searches for fossorial prey using a series of moves and pauses punctuated by bouts of digging. We examined the effect of predation risk on foraging A. uniparens in outdoor enclosures, observing their behavior in the presence and absence of the predatory lizard Gambelia wislizenii. Predator presence led to changes in activity patterns and foraging behavior. When predators were present, A. uniparens reduced both the proportion of time active and time moving, shifted activity periods, reduced their movement rate, and changed the duration of moves. There were no apparent changes in digging effort, but the likelihood of successfully digging for food decreased when a predator was present. C1 [Eifler, Douglas A.] Haskell Indian Nat Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Liaisons Off, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. [Eifler, Maria A.; Harris, Bethany R.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Eifler, DA (reprint author), Haskell Indian Nat Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Liaisons Off, 155 Indian Ave,Box 5018, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. EM deifler@haskell.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0289-0771 J9 J ETHOL JI J. Ethol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 26 IS 2 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s10164-007-0053-0 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 290HS UT WOS:000255114500003 ER PT J AU Portis, AR Li, CS Wang, DF Salvucci, ME AF Portis, Archie R., Jr. Li, Cishan Wang, Dafu Salvucci, Michael E. TI Regulation of Rubisco activase and its interaction with Rubisco SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress of Photosynthesis CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND DE AAA(+) protein; cross-linking; redox regulation; Rubisco ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE RUBISCO; COVALENT CROSS-LINKING; ARGININE RESIDUES; COMPLEX-FORMATION; CONTACT SITES; LARGE SUBUNIT; ISOFORM; PROTEINS; ATPASES; AAA(+) AB The large, alpha-isoform of Rubisco activase confers redox regulation of the ATP/ADP response of the ATP hydrolysis and Rubisco activation activities of the multimeric activase holoenzyme complex. The alpha-isoform has a C-terminal extension that contains the redox-sensitive cysteine residues and is characterized by a high content of acidic residues. Cross-linking and site-directed mutagenesis studies of the C-terminal extension that have provided new insights into the mechanism of redox regulation are reviewed. Also reviewed are new details about the interaction between activase and Rubisco and the likely mechanism of 'activation' that resulted from mutagenesis in a 'Sensor 2' domain of activase that AAA(+) proteins often use for substrate recognition. Two activase residues in this domain were identified that are involved in Rubisco recognition. The results directly complement earlier studies that identified critical residues for activase recognition in the large subunit of Rubisco. C1 [Portis, Archie R., Jr.] USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Portis, Archie R., Jr.; Li, Cishan; Wang, Dafu] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Salvucci, Michael E.] USDA ARS, Air Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM arportis@uiuc.edu RI Wang, Dafu/D-5417-2009 NR 27 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 59 IS 7 BP 1597 EP 1604 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm240 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 306VB UT WOS:000256274800013 PM 18048372 ER PT J AU Wang, D Naidu, SL Portis, AR Moose, SP Long, SP AF Wang, Dafu Naidu, Shawna L. Portis, Archie R., Jr. Moose, Stephen P. Long, Stephen P. TI Can the cold tolerance of C(4) photosynthesis in Miscanthusxgiganteus relative to Zea mays be explained by differences in activities and thermal properties of Rubisco? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress of Photosynthesis CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND DE activation energy; activation state; C(4) photosynthesis; chilling tolerance; maize; Miscanthus ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; X GIGANTEUS; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; GROWTH TEMPERATURES; SMALL-SUBUNIT; LEAVES; PERFORMANCE; ACTIVATION; ENZYME; PLANTS AB The previous investigations show that the amount and activity of Rubisco appears the major limitation to effective C(4) photosynthesis at low temperatures. The chilling-tolerant and bioenergy feedstock species Miscanthusxgiganteus (M.xgiganteus) is exceptionally productive among C(4) grasses in cold climates. It is able to develop photosynthetically active leaves at temperatures 6 degrees C below the minimum for maize, and achieves a productivity even at 52 degrees N that exceeds that of the most productive C(3) crops at this latitude. This study investigates whether this unusual low temperature tolerance can be attributed to differences in the amount or kinetic properties of Rubisco relative to maize. An efficient protocol was developed to purify large amounts of functional Rubisco from C(4) leaves. The maximum carboxylation activities (V(max)), activation states, catalytic rates per active site (K(cat)) and activation energies (E(a)) of purified Rubisco and Rubisco in crude leaf extracts were determined for M.xgiganteus grown at 14 degrees C and 25 degrees C, and maize grown at 25 degrees C. The sequences of M.xgiganteus Rubisco small subunit mRNA are highly conserved, and 91% identical to those of maize. Although there were a few differences between the species in the translated protein sequences, there were no significant differences in the catalytic properties (V(max), K(cat), and E(a)) for purified Rubisco, nor was there any effect of growth temperature in M.xgiganteus on these kinetic properties. Extracted activities were close to the observed rates of CO(2) assimilation by the leaves in vivo. On a leaf area basis the extracted activities and activation state of Rubisco did not differ significantly, either between the two species or between growth temperatures. The activation state of Rubisco in leaf extracts showed no significant difference between warm and cold-grown M.xgiganteus. In total, these results suggest that the ability of M.xgiganteus to be productive and maintain photosynthetically competent leaves at low temperature does not result from low temperature acclimation or adaptation of the catalytic properties of Rubisco. C1 [Wang, Dafu; Moose, Stephen P.; Long, Stephen P.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wang, Dafu; Naidu, Shawna L.; Portis, Archie R., Jr.; Long, Stephen P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Portis, Archie R., Jr.; Moose, Stephen P.; Long, Stephen P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Portis, Archie R., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Naidu, SL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Mol & Cell Biol, 505 S Goodwin Ave,393 Morrill Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM slong@uiuc.edu RI Wang, Dafu/D-5417-2009; Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 59 IS 7 BP 1779 EP 1787 DI 10.1093/jxb/ern074 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 306VB UT WOS:000256274800029 PM 18503044 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME AF Salvucci, Michael E. TI Association of Rubisco activase with chaperonin-60 beta: a possible mechanism for protecting photosynthesis during heat stress SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress of Photosynthesis CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND DE carbon metabolism; heat shock; molecular chaperone; photosynthesis; Rubisco; temperature stress ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SHOCK PROTEINS; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; LEAVES; GROWTH; STATE AB Previous studies have shown that inhibition of photosynthesis by moderate heat stress is a consequence of Rubisco deactivation, caused in part by the thermal instability of Rubisco activase. This involvement of Rubisco activase was confirmed in heat stress and recovery experiments using transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Compared with wild-type plants, photosynthesis, the effective quantum yield of photosystem II, and Rubisco activation were less thermotolerant and recovered more slowly in transgenic Arabidopsis plants with reduced levels of Rubisco activase. Immunoblots showed that 65% of the Rubisco activase was recovered in the insoluble fraction after heat stress in leaf extracts of transgenic but not wild-type plants, evidence that deactivation of Rubisco was a consequence of thermal denaturation of Rubisco activase. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants used in this study contained a modified form of Rubisco activase that facilitated affinity purification of Rubisco activase and proteins that potentially interact with Rubisco activase during heat stress. Sequence analysis and immuno-blotting identified the beta-subunit of chaperonin-60 (cpn60 beta), the chloroplast GroEL homologue, as a protein that was bound to Rubisco activase from leaf extracts prepared from heat-stressed, but not control plants. Analysis of the proteins by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis showed that cpn60 beta was associated with Rubisco activase in a high molecular mass complex. Immunoblot analysis established that the apparent association of cpn60 beta with Rubisco activase was dynamic, increasing with the duration and intensity C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM mike.salvucci@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 59 IS 7 BP 1923 EP 1933 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm343 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 306VB UT WOS:000256274800041 PM 18353762 ER PT J AU Wiedenmayer, AA Klesius, PH Evans, JJ Shoemaker, CA AF Wiedenmayer, A. A. Klesius, P. H. Evans, J. J. Shoemaker, C. A. TI The macrophage chemotactic activity of Edwardsiella tarda extracellular products SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chemokinetic; chemotaxis; Edwardsiella tarda; extracellular products; macrophage; Nile tilapia ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; FISH; LEUKOCYTES; MIGRATION; BACTERIA; INFLAMMATION; INFECTION; RESPONSES; PROTEINS AB The chemoattractant capabilities of Edwardsiella tarda extracellular products (ECP) were investigated from two isolates, the virulent FL6-60 parent and less virulent RET-04 mutant. Chemotaxis and chemokinesis were assayed in vitro using blind well chambers with peritoneal macrophages obtained from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, 5 days following squalene injection. Non-purified ECP derived from both isolates stimulated predominantly chemokinetic migration of macrophages. Additionally, the ECP were semi-purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. The FL6-60 parent ECP yielded higher molecular weight components than did the ECP from the RET-04 mutant. The chemotactic activity of the macrophages for both the FL6-60 parent and RET-04 mutant semi-purified ECP was increased over the non-purified ECP and overall migration was primarily chemotactic. Exposure to ECP derived from virulent and less virulent E. tarda isolates promoted chemokinetic movement of macrophages that may be involved in inflammatory responses of Nile tilapia to E. tarda infection. C1 [Wiedenmayer, A. A.; Klesius, P. H.; Shoemaker, C. A.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Evans, J. J.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD USA. RP Klesius, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM pklesius@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00905.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 285QL UT WOS:000254791200002 PM 18355182 ER PT J AU Brandl, MT Pan, ZL Huynh, S Zhu, Y McHugh, TH AF Brandl, Maria T. Pan, Zhongli Huynh, Steven Zhu, Yi McHugh, Tara H. TI Reduction of Salmonella enteritidis population sizes on almond kernels with infrared heat SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID INOCULATED ALMONDS; RAW ALMONDS; SURVIVAL; ENTERICA; TYPHIMURIUM; TOLERANCE; OUTBREAK AB Catalytic infrared (IR) heating was investigated to determine its effect on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis population sizes on raw almond kernels. Using a double-sided catalytic IR heating system, a radiation intensity of 5,458 W/m(2) caused a fast temperature increase at the kernel surface and minimal temperature differences between the top and bottom kernel surfaces. Exposure of dry kernels to IR heat for 30, 35 and 45 s resulted in maximum kernel surface temperatures of 90, 102, and 113 degrees C, and when followed by immediate cooling at room temperature, yielded a 0.63-, 1.03-, and 1.51-log reduction in S. enterica population sizes, respectively. The most efficacious decontamination treatment consisted of IR exposure, followed by holding of the kernels at warm temperature for 60 min, which effected a greater than 7.5-log reduction in S. enterica on the kernels. During that treatment, the kernel surface temperature rose to 109 degrees C and gradually decreased to 80 degrees C. Similar IR and holding treatments with lower maximum kernel surface temperatures of 104 and 100 degrees C yielded reductions of 5.3 and 4.2 log CFU/g kernel, respectively. During these treatments, moisture loss from the kernels was minimal and did not exceed 1.06%. Macroscopic observations suggested that kernel quality was not compromised by the IR-holding combination treatment, as skin morphology, meat texture, and kernel color were indistinguishable from those of untreated kernels. Our studies indicate that IR heating technology is an effective dry pasteurization for raw almonds. C1 [Brandl, Maria T.; Huynh, Steven] USDA, Produce Safety Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pan, Zhongli; McHugh, Tara H.] USDA ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhu, Yi] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Brandl, MT (reprint author), USDA, Produce Safety Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mbrandl@pw.usda.gov NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 20 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 71 IS 5 BP 897 EP 902 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 296RS UT WOS:000255564100004 PM 18522020 ER PT J AU Porto-Fett, ACS Call, JE Luchansky, JB AF Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. Call, Jeffrey E. Luchansky, John B. TI Validation of a commercial process for inactivation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on the surface of whole muscle beef jerky SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID VACUUM-SEALED PACKAGES; 5-STRAIN MIXTURE; STORAGE; FATE; VIABILITY; MEAT; FRANKFURTERS; MANUFACTURE; PEPPERONI; LETHALITY AB We validated the lethality of three time and temperature regimens for commercial processing of whole muscle beef jerky. A total of ca. 8.9 log CFU per strip of multiple-strain cocktails of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, or Listeria monocytogenes were separately applied onto the surface of beef strips that were treated as follows: (i) inoculated but not marinated or (ii) inoculated and then marinated. A total of three beef strips for each treatment in each of three trials were separately inoculated with a cocktail of one of the three pathogens and placed on the top, middle, and bottom racks of a loading truck. The strips on the rack were loaded into a commercial smokehouse and cooked and dried for 1.5, 2.5, or 3.5 h at a target temperature of 180 degrees F (82.2 degrees C) with constant (natural hickory) smoking, but without the addition of humidity. Regardless of how the strips were treated or where the strips were placed on the loading rack, drying for 1.5, 2.5, or 3.5 h to a target temperature of 180 degrees F (average of 177.2 +/- 5.6 degrees F [80.7 +/- 3.1 degrees C]), with constant smoke at an initial average relative humidity of 63.1% to a final average relative humidity of 20.9% resulted in a decrease of >= 7.3 log CFU per strip (>= 6.9 log CFU/g) for each of the three pathogen cocktails. Of note, marinated strips that were cooked and dried for 2.5 and 3.5 h or nonmarinated strips cooked or dried for 3.5 h also satisfied the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service standard of identity (moisture-to-protein ratio <= 0.75:1) and/or shelf-stability (water activity <= 0.8) requirements for jerky. C1 [Porto-Fett, Anna C. S.; Call, Jeffrey E.; Luchansky, John B.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbiol Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbiol Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM john.luchansky@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 71 IS 5 BP 918 EP 926 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 296RS UT WOS:000255564100008 PM 18522024 ER PT J AU Rajkowski, KT Fan, XT AF Rajkowski, Kathleen T. Fan, Xuetong TI Microbial quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce washed in warm or cold water and irradiated in a modified atmosphere package SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID DOSE GAMMA-IRRADIATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CHLORINE TREATMENT; LEAF LETTUCE; SHELF-LIFE; O157-H7; SALMONELLA; TEMPERATURE; DISINFECTION; CONSUMPTION AB The microbial keeping quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce was determined after being washed in either cold water (5C) for 3 min or warm water (47C) for 2 min followed by a cold water rinse (5C) and packaged in a modified atmosphere film bag. The lettuce samples were treated with gamma radiation to 0, 1 or 2 kGy while maintaining a refrigerated temperature (4C). The samples were analyzed for total aerobic, total coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts after refrigerated storage up to 12 days. No difference in aerobic counts was observed between the hot- and cold-washed samples immediately after washing. The coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts were reduced by 2 log after the warm water wash and no difference for the cold water-washed sample. The irradiation treatment at 1 kGy reduced the aerobic, coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts by 2 log for the warm-washed samples. At the 2-kGy treatment level, the aerobic and coliform counts were reduced by 3 log for the cold-washed lettuce, whereas the Enterobacteriaceae counts were reduced by only 2 log. The observed log reductions in bacterial counts after irradiation were maintained for 12 days when stored at 4C. The combination of a cold water wash and irradiation to 2 kGy had the best microbial keeping quality. C1 [Rajkowski, Kathleen T.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM krajkowski@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 248 EP 260 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2008.00118.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 290RB UT WOS:000255138800008 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Izquierdo, VM Reid, DS Mchugh, TH Berrios, JDJ Krochta, JM AF Hernandez-Izquierdo, V. M. Reid, D. S. Mchugh, T. H. Berrios, J. De J. Krochta, J. M. TI Thermal transitions and extrusion of glycerol-plasticized whey protein mixtures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE edible films; extrusion; tensile properties; thermal transitions; whey protein ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; FILMS; SOLUBILITY AB The effects of glycerol and moisture contents on the thermal transitions of whey protein isolate (WPI) powder-glycerol-water mixtures were studied. Mixtures with ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 WPI:glycerol on a dry basis (db) were preconditioned to 0.34+/-0.01 (25.4+/-0.4 degrees C) and 0.48+/-0.02(25.9+/-2.2 degrees C) water activity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed the existence of an endothermic peak starting at 148.3+/-0.7 degrees C for 100% WPI preconditioned to a water activity of 0.34+/-0.01. The onset temperature of this peak decreased with addition and increase of glycerol content, as well as with the increase in water activity from 0.34+/-0.01 to 0.48+/-0.02. An additional endothermic transititon, important for extruding the mixtures into flexible sheets, occurred in mixtures containing 50% glycerol db, preconditioned to 0.48+/-0.02 water activity. The onset temperature of the peak was 146+/-2.0 degrees C. Whey protein-based sheets containing 45.8%, 48.8% and 51.9% glycerol db were obtained using a Haake-Leistritz corotating twin-screw extruder. All samples were obtained at a screw speed of 250rpm and a final barrel-temperature profile of 20, 20, 20, 80, 110, and 130 degrees C. Melt temperature at the time of sheet formation was 143 to 150 degrees C. Average thickness of the sheets was 1.31+/-0.02mm. Samples with 45.8% glycerol db had significantly higher tensile strength (TS) than samples with higher glycerol contents. Also, as glycerol concentration increased, sheet elastic modulus (EM) decreased significantly (P <= 0.05). Extrusion of whey protein-based sheets is an important step toward extrusion of thinner edible films for food wraps, layers, or pouches. C1 [Reid, D. S.; Krochta, J. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mchugh, T. H.; Berrios, J. De J.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jmkrochta@ucdavis.edu NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 73 IS 4 BP E169 EP E175 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00735.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 301MW UT WOS:000255901300014 PM 18460126 ER PT J AU Kadan, RS Bryant, RI Miller, JA AF Kadan, R. S. Bryant, R. I. Miller, J. A. TI Effects of milling on functional properties of rice flour SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE functional properties; long-grain rice flour; novel foods ID MILLED-RICE; TEXTURE; AMYLOSE AB A commercial long-grain rice flour (CRF) and the flours made by using a pin mill and the Udy mill from the same batch of broken second-head white long-grain rice were evaluated for their particle size and functional properties. The purpose of this study was to compare the commercial rice flour milling method to the pin and Udy milling methods used in our laboratory and pilot plant. The results showed that pin milled flour had more uniform particle size than the other 2 milled flours. The chalky kernels found in broken white millled rice were pulverized more into fines in both Udy milled flour and CRF than in the pin milled flour. The exessive amount of fines in flours affected their functional properties, for example, WSI and their potential usage in the novel foods such as rice breads (RB). The RB made from CRF collapsed more than loaves made from pin milled Cypress long-grain flours. C1 [Kadan, R. S.; Miller, J. A.] USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Bryant, R. I.] Dale Bumper Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Kadan, RS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM rkadan@srrc.ars.usda.gol NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 73 IS 4 BP E151 EP E154 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00720.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 301MW UT WOS:000255901300011 PM 18460123 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Wang, YJ Fei, ZJ AF Wang, X. P. Wang, Y. J. Fei, Z. J. TI Identification and characterisation of resistance gene analogues from wild Chinese Vitis species SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOSAIC-VIRUS RESISTANCE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; L.; GRAPEVINE; HOMOLOGS; PROGRAM; PRODUCT; PROTEIN AB Generating a collection of resistance gene analogues (RGAs) is an initial step towards the isolation of plant disease resistance genes. Based on the two conserved motifs in the nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) domain from previously cloned plant resistance genes, degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed and used to isolate RGAs from five wild Chinese Vitis species: V. quinquangularis '83-4-96', V. bashanica 'Xunyang-8', V. davidii 'Tangwei', V. yeshanensis 'Yanshan', and V. bryoniifolia 'Anlin-3'. A total of 55 RGAs with uninterrupted open reading frames were obtained and further assembled within each species into 26 distinct RGAs. These RGAs were classified into six distinct families. Their deduced amino acid sequences contained the conserved motifs characteristic of NBS-LRR resistance genes. However, the sequences of the identified RGAs were very divergent from each other. The low ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions, and non-detectable recombination events within families, indicate that the NBS regions of Vitis RGAs are under purifying selection rather than diversifying selection. Furthermore, all the RGAs identified in this study were grouped into the non-Toll/Interleukin 1 receptor (TIR)-type of NBS-LRR resistance genes, based on phylogenetic analysis with other known plant R genes. C1 [Wang, X. P.; Wang, Y. J.] NW A&F Univ,Shaanxi Key Lab Mol Biol Agr, Coll Hort, Minist Agr, Key Lab NW Hort Plant Germplasm & Genet Improveme, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Fei, Z. J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Z. J.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), NW A&F Univ,Shaanxi Key Lab Mol Biol Agr, Coll Hort, Minist Agr, Key Lab NW Hort Plant Germplasm & Genet Improveme, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM wangyuejin@263.net NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 83 IS 3 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 303ML UT WOS:000256044500010 ER PT J AU Barry, JJ Buffington, JM Goodwin, P Asce, M King, JG Emmett, WW AF Barry, Jeffrey J. Buffington, John M. Goodwin, Peter Asce, M. King, John G. Emmett, William W. TI Performance of bed-load transport equations relative to geomorphic significance: Predicting effective discharge and its transport rate SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; GRAVEL; RIVERS; STREAMS; MAGNITUDE; FREQUENCY; FORMULAS AB Previous studies assessing the accuracy of bed-load transport equations have considered equation performance statistically based on paired observations of measured and predicted bed-load transport rates. However, transport measurements were typically taken during low flows, biasing the assessment of equation performance toward low discharges, and because equation performance can vary with discharge, it is unclear whether previous assessments of performance apply to higher, geomorphically significant flows (e.g., the bankfull or effective discharges). Nor is it clear whether these equations can predict the effective discharge, which depends on the accuracy of the bed-load transport equation across a range of flows. Prediction of the effective discharge is particularly important in stream restoration projects, as it is frequently used as an index value for scaling channel dimensions and for designing dynamically stable channels. In this study, we consider the geomorphic performance of five bed-load transport equations at 22 gravel-bed rivers in mountain basins of the western United States. Performance is assessed in terms of the accuracy with which the equations are able to predict the effective discharge and its bed-load transport rate. We find that the median error in predicting effective discharge is near zero for all equations, indicating that effective discharge predictions may not be particularly sensitive to one's choice of bed-load transport equation. However, the standard deviation of the prediction error differs between equations (ranging from 10% to 60%), as does their ability to predict the transport rate at the effective discharge (median errors of less than I to almost 2.5 orders of magnitude). A framework is presented for standardizing the transport equations to explain observed differences in performance and to explore sensitivity of effective discharge predictions. C1 [Barry, Jeffrey J.] ENVIRON Internatl Corp, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Buffington, John M.; King, John G.] Idaho Water Ctr, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Asce, M.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Water Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Barry, JJ (reprint author), ENVIRON Internatl Corp, 605 1st Ave,Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM jbarry@environcorp.com NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2008 VL 134 IS 5 BP 601 EP 615 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:5(601) PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 291OX UT WOS:000255207800009 ER PT J AU Wang, D Bean, S McLaren, J Seib, P Madl, R Tuinstra, M Shi, Y Lenz, M Wu, X Zhao, R AF Wang, D. Bean, S. McLaren, J. Seib, P. Madl, R. Tuinstra, M. Shi, Y. Lenz, M. Wu, X. Zhao, R. TI Grain sorghum is a viable feedstock for ethanol production SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grain composition; sorghum; bioconversion; bioprocess; ethanol; fermentation efficiency; energy life-cycle analysis ID STARCH PROPERTIES; PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY; COOKED SORGHUM; MAIZE; CORN; AMYLOSE; INVITRO AB Sorghum is a major cereal crop in the USA. However, sorghum has been underutilized as a renewable feedstock for bioenergy. The goal of this research was to improve the bioconversion efficiency for biofuels and biobased products from processed sorghum. The main focus was to understand the relationship among "genetics-structure-function-conversion" and the key factors impacting ethanol production, as well as to develop an energy life cycle analysis model (ELCAM) to quantify and prioritize the saving potential from factors identified in this research. Genetic lines with extremely high and low ethanol fermentation efficiency and some specific attributes that may be manipulated to improve the bioconversion rate of sorghum were identified. In general, ethanol yield increased as starch content increased. However, no linear relationship between starch content and fermentation efficiency was found. Key factors affecting the ethanol fermentation efficiency of sorghum include protein digestibility, level of extractable proteins, protein and starch interaction, mash viscosity, amount of phenolic compounds, ratio of amylose to amylopectin, and formation of amylose-lipid complexes in the mash. A platform ELCAM with a base case showed a positive net energy value (NEV) = 25,500 Btu/gal EtOH. ELCAM cases were used to identify factors that most impact sorghum use. For example, a yield increase of 40 bu/ac resulted in NEV increasing from 7 million to 12 million Btu/ac. An 8% increase in starch provided an incremental 1.2 million Btu/ac. C1 [Wang, D.; Wu, X.; Zhao, R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bean, S.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [McLaren, J.] StrathKirn Inc, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA. [Seib, P.; Madl, R.; Shi, Y.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Tuinstra, M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lenz, M.] Monsanto Co, Mt Hope, KS 67108 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 24 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s10295-008-0313-1 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 288CM UT WOS:000254963800004 PM 18214563 ER PT J AU Sarath, G Mitchell, RB Sattler, SE Funnell, D Pedersen, JF Graybosch, RA Vogel, KP AF Sarath, Gautam Mitchell, Robert B. Sattler, Scott E. Funnell, Deanna Pedersen, JeVery F. Graybosch, Robert A. Vogel, Kenneth P. TI Opportunities and roadblocks in utilizing forages and small grains for liquid fuels SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biofuels; forage digestibility; sorghum; switchgrass; wheat ID SWITCHGRASS PANICUM-VIRGATUM; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; BROWN MIDRIB-12 SORGHUM; CELL-WALL COMPOSITION; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; MORPHOLOGICAL COMPONENTS; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB This review focuses on the potential advantages and disadvantages of forages such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and two small grains: sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and wheat (Triticum aesitvum), as feedstocks for biofuels. It highlights the synergy provided by applying what is known from forage digestibility and wheat and sorghum starch properties studies to the biofuels sector. Opportunities therefore, exist to improve biofuel qualities in these crops via genetics and agronomics. In contrast to cereal crops, switchgrass still retains tremendous exploitable genetic diversity, and can be specifically improved to fit a particular agronomic, management, and conversion platform. Combined with emerging studies on switchgrass genomics, conversion properties and management, the future for genetic modification of this species through conventional and molecular breeding strategies appear to be bright. The presence of brown-midrib mutations in sorghum that alter cell wall composition by reducing lignin and other attributes indicate that sorghum could serve as an important model species for C-4-grasses. Utilization of the brown-midrib traits could lead to the development of forage and sweet sorghums as novel biomass crops. Additionally, wheat crop residue, and wheat and sorghum with improved starch content and composition represent alternate biofuel sources. However, the use of wheat starch as a biofuel is unlikely but its value as a model to study starch properties on biofuel yields holds significant promise. C1 [Sarath, Gautam; Mitchell, Robert B.; Sattler, Scott E.; Funnell, Deanna; Pedersen, JeVery F.; Graybosch, Robert A.; Vogel, Kenneth P.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sarath, G (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, 314 Biochem Hall,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Gautam.Sarath@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 112 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 EI 1476-5535 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s10295-007-0296-3 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 288CM UT WOS:000254963800007 PM 18205019 ER PT J AU Anderson, WF Akin, DE AF Anderson, William F. Akin, Danny E. TI Structural and chemical properties of grass lignocelluloses related to conversion for biofuels SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLANT-CELL WALLS; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; FERULIC ACID; ABSORPTION MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; GENETIC-MODIFICATION; COUMAROYL ESTERASE; HERBACEOUS PLANTS; PHENOLIC MONOMERS; RUMINAL BACTERIA AB Grass lignocelluloses, such as those in corn and switchgrass, are a major resource in the emerging cellulose-to-ethanol strategy for biofuels. The potential bioconversion of carbohydrates in this potential resource, however, is limited by the associated aromatic constituents within the grass fiber. These aromatics include both lignins, which are phenylpropanoid units of various types, and low-molecular weight phenolic acids. Structural and chemical studies over the years have identified the location and limitation to fiber degradation imposed by a variety of these aromatic barriers. For example, coniferyl lignin appears to be the most effective limitation to biodegradation, existing in xylem cells of vascular tissues. On the other hand, cell walls with syringyl lignin, e.g., leaf sclerenchyma, are often less recalcitrant. Ferulic and p-coumaric acids that are esterified to hemicellulosic sugars constitute a major limitation to biodegradation in non-lignified cell walls in grass fibers, especially warm season species. Non-chemical methods to improve bioconversion of the lignocelluloses through modification of aromatics include: (1) use of lignin-degrading white rot fungi, (2) pretreatment with phenolic acid esterases, and (3) plant breeding to modify cell wall aromatics. In addition to increased availability of carbohydrates for fermentation, separation and collection of aromatics could provide value-added co-products to improve the economics of bioconversion. C1 [Anderson, William F.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Akin, Danny E.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Anderson, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Bill.Anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 54 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 355 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s10295-007-0291-8 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 288CM UT WOS:000254963800008 PM 18188624 ER PT J AU Li, HR Tang, HL Sivakumar, S Philip, J Harrison, RL Gatehouse, JA Bonning, BC AF Li, Huarong Tang, Hailin Sivakumar, S. Philip, Judith Harrison, Robert L. Gatehouse, John A. Bonning, Bryony C. TI Insecticidal activity of a basement membrane-degrading protease against Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cathepsin L; cysteine protease; basement membrane; insecticidal protein; tobacco budworm; pea aphid; baculovirus; melanization ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; MANDUCA-SEXTA LARVAE; SPIDER VENOM TOXIN; SARCOPHAGA-PEREGRINA; CATHEPSIN-L; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; SNOWDROP LECTIN; NOMURAEA-RILEYI; IMAGINAL DISCS AB ScathL is a cathepsin L-like cysteine protease derived from the flesh fly Sarcophaga peregrina that functions in basement membrane (BM) remodeling during insect development. A recombinant baculovirus expressing ScathL (AcMLF9.ScathL) kills larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, significantly faster than the wild-type virus. Here, we show that the occurrence of larval melanization prior to death was closely associated with the onset of high cysteine protease activity of ScathL in the hemolymph of fifth instars infected with AcMLF9.ScathL, but not with AcMLF9.ScathL.C146A, a recombinant baculovirus expressing a catalytic site mutant of ScathL. Fragmented fat body, ruptured gut and malpighian tubules, and melanized tracheae were observed in AcMLF9.ScathL-infected larvae. Phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph was unchanged, but the pool of prophenoloxidase was significantly reduced in virus-infected larvae and further reduced in AcMLF9.ScathL-infected larvae. The median lethal dose (LD50) for purified ScathL injected into fifth-instar H. virescens was 11.0 mu g/larva. ScathL was also lethal to adult pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum with a similar loss of integrity of the gut and fat body. Injection with purified ScathL.C146A or bovine trypsin at 20 mu g/larva did not produce any effect in either insect. These results illustrate the potent insecticidal effects of ScathL cysteine protease activity and the potential for use of ScathL in development of insect resistant transgenic plants when combined with an appropriate delivery system. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Huarong; Tang, Hailin; Sivakumar, S.; Bonning, Bryony C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Philip, Judith; Gatehouse, John A.] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Harrison, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bonning, BC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, 418,Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bbonning@iastate.edu RI Harrison, Robert/I-4707-2014; OI Gatehouse, John/0000-0002-7192-568X NR 51 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 54 IS 5 BP 777 EP 789 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.02.008 PG 13 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 323YS UT WOS:000257485100003 PM 18395222 ER PT J AU Peters, RT Evett, SR AF Peters, R. Troy Evett, Steven R. TI Automation of a center pivot using the temperature-time-threshold method of irrigation scheduling SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE irrigation scheduling; temperature; time factors; automation; crops ID CANOPY TEMPERATURE AB A center pivot was completely automated using the temperature-time-threshold method of irrigation scheduling. An array of infrared thermometers was mounted on the center pivot, and these were used to remotely determine the crop leaf temperature as an indicator of crop water stress. We describe methods used to automatically collect and analyze the canopy temperature data and control the moving irrigation system based on the data analysis. Automatic irrigation treatments were compared with manually scheduled irrigation treatments under the same center pivot during the growing seasons of 2004 and 2005. Manual irrigations were scheduled on a weekly basis using the neutron probe to determine the profile water content and the amount of water needed to replenish the profile to field capacity. In both years, there was no significant difference between manual and automatic treatments in soybean water use efficiency or irrigation water use efficiency. The automatic irrigation system has the potential to simplify management, while maintaining the yields of intensely managed irrigation. C1 [Peters, R. Troy] Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Evett, Steven R.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Peters, RT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM troy_peters@wsu.edu; srevett@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 134 IS 3 BP 286 EP 291 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2008)134:3(286) PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 303YE UT WOS:000256076400002 ER PT J AU Mauch, KJ Delgado, JA Bausch, WC Barbarick, K McMaster, G AF Mauch, K. J. Delgado, J. A. Bausch, W. C. Barbarick, K. McMaster, G. TI New weighing method to measure shoot water interception SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE crops; evapotranspiration; irrigation; measurement ID SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; CANOPY INTERCEPTION; CORN CANOPY; LOSSES AB The need exists to develop a method that can quantitatively measure water interception from plant shoots. This paper describes a new method for measuring canopy water interception. Corn (Zea Mays L.) was grown in 13 L buckets containing Valentine fine sand (Mixed, mesic Typic Ustipsamment) under a climate-controlled growth chamber. Plants were taken out of the growth chamber for 2-3 h periods for measurements of shoot water interception in a hydraulic laboratory equipped with an Accupulse system suspended from the ceiling that was used to wet the corn shoots at growth stages V7-V13. A lightweight, movable framework was placed around a balance, and buckets containing corn plants were placed on the scale one container at a time. Water was applied until all shoot surfaces were wet and runoff from the leaves and stalk surfaces could be observed. The weighing method for shoot water interception was tested by using the balance to instantaneously measure shoot water interception during application of water and after plant surface runoff ceased. The balance, bucket, and soil surface were covered with plastic to protect them from water, so only the shoots were wet. Interception by the shoot of corn ranged from 31 to 47 mL shoot(-1). These values were much smaller than previous values reported in the literature. The average coefficient of variation was 9.2% for two studies, which was much lower than previously accepted methods. This study suggests that the weighing method for shoot water interception can be used to quantitatively and more accurately measure water intercepted by corn shoots. The weighing intercepted method values presented in this paper are low and suggest that previous interception methods overestimated the interception values. C1 [Delgado, J. A.] USDA ARS Soil Plant Nutrient Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Mauch, K. J.] Colorado Dept Agr, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. [Bausch, W. C.] USDA ARS Water Management Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Barbarick, K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soils & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [McMaster, G.] USDA ARS Agr Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS Soil Plant Nutrient Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jdelgado@lamar.colostate.edu RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 134 IS 3 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2008)134:3(349) PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 303YE UT WOS:000256076400009 ER PT J AU Zhao, LM Pridgeon, JW Becnel, JJ Clark, GG Linthicum, KJ AF Zhao, Liming Pridgeon, Julia W. Becnel, James J. Clark, Gary G. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Cytochrome c gene and protein expression: Developmental regulation, environmental response, and pesticide sensitivity in Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytochrome c; Aedes aegypti; development; environment; permethrin ID VECTOR ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; DIPTERA; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; TEMPERATURE; APOPTOSIS; OXIDATION AB Cytochrome c is a highly conserved protein that is found in many multicellular and unicellular organisms. Cytochrome c is a critical intermediate in apoptosis: a controlled form of cell death that kills cells as part of their natural process of development and in response to environmental condition. To detect whether cytochrome c of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (AeaCytC) is developmentally regulated, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine AeaCytC gene expression levels in different developmental stages of Ae. aegypti. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that AeaCytC was expressed in each developmental stage, at different points in time, and it was highly expressed in teneral female Ae. aegypti. Ae. aegypti cytochrome c protein (AeaCYTC) was detected only in adult mosquitoes, not in early developmental stages of Ae. aegypti. We also investigated the effect of certain environmental factors (e.g., temperature, UV-light, and permethrin insecticide) on AeaCytC gene and AeaCYTC protein expression in adult mosquitoes, and we found that response varied with age. These results suggest that AeaCytC gene and AeaCYTC protein play functional roles in the development of Ae. aegypti and the differential expression of cytochrome c has potential as a biomarker for environmental and chemical stress. C1 [Zhao, Liming; Pridgeon, Julia W.; Becnel, James J.; Clark, Gary G.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Zhao, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM liming.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[401:CCGAPE]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 320UC UT WOS:000257259500010 PM 18533432 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Zhao, LM Becnel, JJ Strickman, DA Clark, GG Linthicum, KJ AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Zhao, Liming Becnel, James J. Strickman, Daniel A. Clark, Gary G. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Topically applied AaeIAP1 double-stranded RNA kills female adults of Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; RNA interference; double-stranded RNA; inhibitor of apoptosis; pesticide ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; INTERFERENCE; TRANSMISSION; DENGUE; GENE; PROTEIN; IAP; INHIBITOR AB Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of both dengue and yellow fever. Use of insecticides is one of the primary ways to control this medically important insect pest. However, few new insecticides have been developed for mosquito control in recent years. As a part of our effort to develop new insecticides to control mosquitoes, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein I gene in Aedes aegypti (AaeIAP1) was targeted for the development of molecular pesticides. Herein, for the first time, we report that topically applied AaeIAP1 double-stranded RNA products are able to kill female adults of Ae. aegypti. Our results indicate that critical pathways or genes could be targeted to develop molecular pesticides for the control of medically important diseases vectors. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Zhao, Liming; Becnel, James J.; Clark, Gary G.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Strickman, Daniel A.] USDA ARS, George Washington Carver Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM julia.pridgeon@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 414 EP 420 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[414:TAADRK]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 320UC UT WOS:000257259500012 PM 18533434 ER PT J AU Li, AY Davey, RB Miller, RJ Guerrero, FD George, JE AF Li, Andrew Y. Davey, Ronald B. Miller, Robert J. Guerrero, Felix D. George, John E. TI Genetics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in the Santa Luiza strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acaricide; inheritance; southern cattle tick; Boophilus microplus ID SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; HORN FLY DIPTERA; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE; POINT MUTATIONS; ORGANOCHLORINE RESISTANCE; HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; AMITRAZ RESISTANCE; MEXICAN STRAINS AB The Santa Luiza strain of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae), is resistant to both permethrin and amitraz. A study was conducted at the USDA Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory in Texas to investigate the genetic basis of permethrin resistance with cross-mating experiments, and to determine the mechanisms of permethrin resistance through synergist bioassays and biochemical analysis of esterase profiles. The Munoz strain, an acaricide-susceptible reference strain, was used as the susceptible parent and the Santa Luiza strain, originating in Brazil, was used as the resistant parent. The Food and Agriculture Organization larval packet test was used to measure the levels of susceptibility of larvae of the parental strains, F(1) backcross, F(2) and F(3) generations to permethrin. Results of reciprocal crossing experiments suggested that permethrin resistance was inherited as an incomplete recessive trait. There was no significant maternal effect on larval progeny's susceptibility to permethrin in the F(1) and subsequent generations. The values of the degree of dominance were estimated at -0.700 and -0.522 for the F(1) larvae with resistant and susceptible female parents, respectively. Results of bioassays on larval progeny of the F(1) backcrossed with the resistant parent strain and of the F(2) generations suggested that one major gene was responsible for permethrin resistance in the Santa Luiza strain. Selection of F(3) larvae with either permethrin or amitraz led to significantly increased resistance to both permethrin and amitraz, indicating a close linkage between genes responsible for permethrin and amitraz resistance. The possible involvement of metabolic enzymes in permethrin resistance in the Santa Luiza strain of B. microplus was dismissed by the lack of enhanced synergism by TPP or PBO, as observed in synergist bioassays, as well as by the lack of enhanced esterase activity in the Santa Luiza strain relative to the susceptible strain. The results of this study suggest that other mechanisms, including a possible new sodium channel mutation that is different from the one currently known, may be responsible for permethrin resistance in the Santa Luiza strain of B. microplus. C1 [Li, Andrew Y.; Guerrero, Felix D.; George, John E.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Davey, Ronald B.; Miller, Robert J.] USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Li, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM andrew.li@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 427 EP 438 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[427:GAMOPR]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 320UC UT WOS:000257259500014 PM 18533436 ER PT J AU Gehring, AG Ezzell, JL Lebherz, HG AF Gehring, Andrew G. Ezzell, John L. Lebherz, Herbert G. TI A selective reaction of fructose bisphosphate aldolase with fluorescein isothiocyanate in chicken muscle extracts SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE aldolase; FITC; physiological; nucleotide; isoforms; chemical modification; native ID DIPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE; FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE; ACTIVE-SITE; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; BINDING-SITES; ENZYMES; ACID; SUBUNITS; HYBRIDIZATION; PURIFICATION AB The present work describes the selective covalent modification of fructose bisphosphate aldolase in crude extracts of chicken breast muscle by fluorescein 5'-isothiocyanate (5'-FITC) at pH 7.0 and 35 degrees C. The modification was observed after 1 min while no other major soluble protein was labeled even after 30 min. We calculated that ca. one 5'-FITC molecule was incorporated into each aldolase tetramer after a 30 min reaction which resulted in a minimal loss of enzyme activity. The "native" structure of aldolase was required for the selective modification by 5'-FITC since high pH, high temperature, and ionic detergents either inhibited or prevented the reaction of 5'-FITC with aldolase. Certain metabolites (ATP, ADP, CTP, GTP, FBP) and erythrosin B also inhibited the 5'-FITC modification of aldolase. In contrast, F-6-P, AMP, NADH, and NAD(+) as well as free lysine and most importantly, the 6'-isomer of FITC exhibited no competition with 5'-FITC for the labeling of aldolase. Alone, the 6'-isomer of FITC did not exhibit preferential reaction when combined with aldolase. 5'-FITC-labeled and -unlabeled aldolases were not distinguished by their ability to bind to muscle myofibrils (MFs) or by their abilities to refold following reversible denaturation in urea. Structural analysis revealed that 5'-FITC-labeled a tryptic peptide corresponding to residues 112-134 in the primary structure of aldolase, a peptide that does not contain lysine, the amino acid believed to be the primary target of this reagent. Unlike chicken and rabbit muscle aldolases, chicken brain and liver aldolase isoforms along with several other aldolases derived from diverse biological sources did not exhibit this highly selective modification by 5'-FITC. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gehring, Andrew G.; Ezzell, John L.; Lebherz, Herbert G.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Gehring, AG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM andrew.gehring@ars.usda.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 23045] NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0952-3499 J9 J MOL RECOGNIT JI J. Mol. Recognit. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1002/jmr.871 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 312BO UT WOS:000256644300001 PM 18438970 ER PT J AU Jayakumar, AR Rao, KVR Panickar, KS Moriyama, M Reddy, PVB Norenberg, MD AF Jayakumar, Arumugam R. Rao, K. V. Rama Panickar, Kiran S. Moriyama, M. Reddy, P. V. B. Norenberg, Michael D. TI Trauma-induced cell swelling in cultured astrocytes SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE astrocytes; cell cultures; cell swelling; cytotoxic edema; mitochondrial permeability transition; mitogen-activated protein kinases; nitric oxide; oxidative stress; traumatic brain injury ID MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; STRETCH-INDUCED INJURY; BRAIN-INJURY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CYCLOSPORINE-A; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; CORTICAL CONTUSION; EDEMA FORMATION; FREE-RADICALS AB Brain edema and associated increased intracranial pressure are major consequences of traumatic brain injury that account for most early deaths after traumatic brain injury. An important component of brain edema after traumatic brain injury is astrocyte swelling (cytotoxic edema). To examine the pathophysiologic mechanisms of trauma-induced astrocyte swelling, we used an in vitro fluid percussion trauma model. Exposure of cultured rat astrocytes to 5 atm of pressure resulted in significant cell swelling at I to 24 hours posttrauma that was maximal at 3 hours. Because oxidative/nitrosative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been implicated in astrocyte swelling in other neurologic conditions, we examined their potential roles in this model. We previously showed increased free radical generation after in vitro trauma and show here that trauma to astrocytes increased the production of nitric oxide. Trauma also induced mPT and increased phosphorylation (activation) of MAPKs (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, and p38-MAPK); these changes were diminished by antioxidants and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Antioxidants, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, the mPT inhibitor cyclosporin A, and inhibitors of MAPKs all significantly diminished trauma-induced astrocyte swelling. These findings demonstrate that direct mechanical injury to cultured astrocytes brings about cell swelling, and that blockade of oxidative/nitrosative stress, mPT, and MAPKs significantly reduce such swelling. C1 [Jayakumar, Arumugam R.; Rao, K. V. Rama; Reddy, P. V. B.; Norenberg, Michael D.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Norenberg, Michael D.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Norenberg, Michael D.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Miami, FL 33125 USA. [Panickar, Kiran S.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Moriyama, M.] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Lab Integrat Physiol Vet Sci, Osaka, Japan. RP Norenberg, MD (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol D33, POB 016960, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM mnorenbe@med.miami.edu OI Moriyama, Mitsuaki/0000-0001-8123-8835 NR 81 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 67 IS 5 BP 417 EP 427 DI 10.1097/NEN.0b013e31816fc9d4 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 294YN UT WOS:000255442300004 PM 18431255 ER PT J AU Cao, H Urban, JR Anderson, RA AF Cao, Heping Urban, Joseph R., Jr. Anderson, Richard A. TI Cinnamon polyphenol extract affects immune responses by regulating anti- and proinflammatory and glucose transporter gene expression in mouse macrophages SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; MESSENGER-RNA; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; INSULIN-RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; TRISTETRAPROLIN; CELLS AB Tristetraprolin (TTP/zinc finger protein 36) family proteins have antiinflammatory effects by destabilizing proinflammatory mRNA. TTP expression is reduced in fats of obese people with metabolic syndrome and brains of suicide victims and is induced by insulin and cinnamon polyphenol extract (CPE) in adipocytes, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages, and by green tea polyphenol extract in rats. CPE was reported to improve immune function against microorganisms, but the mechanism is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that CPE regulates immune function involving genes encoding TTP, proinflammatory cytokines, and glucose transporter (GLUT) families and compared the effects of CPE to those of insulin and LPS in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. CPE increased TTP mRNA and protein levels, but its effects were less than LPS. CPE (100 mg/L, 0.5-4 h) increased TTP and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA levels by up to 2- and 6-fold that of the control, respectively, and the base level of TTP was 6-fold that of TNF. LPS (0.1 mg/L, 4 h) increased TTP, TNF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, cyclooxgenase-2, and interleukin 6 mRNA levels by 39-1868 fold. CPE and LPS increased GLUT1 expression (the major GLUT form in macrophages) to 3- and 2-fold that of the control, respectively. Insulin (100 nmol/L, 0.5-4 h) did not exhibit major effects on the expression of these genes. CIPE increased TTP expression more rapidly than those of proinflammatory cytokines and the net increases of TTP mRNA levels were larger than those of proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that CPE can affect immune responses by regulating anti- and proinflammatory and GLUT gene expression. C1 [Cao, Heping; Urban, Joseph R., Jr.; Anderson, Richard A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heping.cao@ars.usda OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 46 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 138 IS 5 BP 833 EP 840 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 290EF UT WOS:000255105400003 PM 18424588 ER PT J AU Oort, PJ Knotts, TA Grino, M Naour, N Bastard, JP Clement, K Ninkina, N Buchman, VL Permana, PA Luo, X Pan, G Dunn, TN Adams, SH AF Oort, Pieter J. Knotts, Trina A. Grino, Michel Naour, Nadia Bastard, Jean-Phillipe Clement, Karine Ninkina, Natalia Buchman, Vladimir L. Permana, Paska A. Luo, Xunyi Pan, Guohua Dunn, Tamara N. Adams, Sean H. TI gamma-Synuclein is an adipocyte-neuron gene coordinately expressed with leptin and increased in human obesity SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; BROWN ADIPOCYTES; MESSENGER-RNA; FOOD-INTAKE; INSULIN; RAT; PLASTICITY AB Recently, we characterized tumor suppressor candidate 5 (Tusc5) as an adipocyte-neuron PPAR gamma target gene. Our objective herein was to identify additional genes that display distinctly high expression in fat and neurons, because such a pattern could signal previously uncharacterized functional pathways shared in these disparate tissues. gamma-Synuclein, a marker of peripheral and select central nervous system neurons, was strongly expressed in white adipose tissue (WAT) and peripheral nervous system ganglia using bioinformatics and quantitative PCR approaches. gamma-Synuclein expression was determined during ad;pogenesis and in subcutaneous (SC) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from obese and nonobese humans. gamma-Synuclein mRNA increased from trace levels in preadipocytes to high levels in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes and decreased similar to 50% following treatment with the PPAR gamma agonist GW1929 (P < 0.01). Because gamma-synuclein limits growth arrest and is implicated in cancer progression in nonadipocytes, we suspected that expression would be increased in situations where WAT plasticity/adipocyte turnover are engaged. Consistent with this postulate, human WAT gamma-synuclein mRNA levels consistently increased in obesity and were higher in SC than in VAT; i.e. they increased similar to 1.7-fold in obese Pima Indian adipocytes (P = 0.003) and similar to 2-fold in SC and VAT of other obese cohorts relative to nonobese subjects. Expression correlated with leptin transcript levels in human SC and VAT (r = 0.887; P < 0.0001; n = 44). gamma-Synuclein protein was observed in rodent and human WAT but not in negative control liver. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that gamma-synuclein plays an important role in adipocyle physiology. C1 [Oort, Pieter J.; Knotts, Trina A.; Dunn, Tamara N.; Adams, Sean H.] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grino, Michel] INSERM, U626, F-13258 Marseille, France. [Grino, Michel] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, F-13385 Marseille, France. [Naour, Nadia; Bastard, Jean-Phillipe; Clement, Karine] Pitie Saltepriere & Tenon Hosp, AP HP, F-75013 Paris, France. [Bastard, Jean-Phillipe] Univ Paris 06, F-75006 Paris, France. [Naour, Nadia; Clement, Karine] INSERM, U872, Cordelier Res Ctr, F-75006 Paris, France. [Ninkina, Natalia; Buchman, Vladimir L.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3US, S Glam, Wales. [Permana, Paska A.] Carl T Hayden Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Phoenix, AZ 85012 USA. [Luo, Xunyi; Pan, Guohua] Campbell Family Inst Breast Canc Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Dunn, Tamara N.; Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Adams, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sean.h.adams@ars.usda.gov RI Buchman, Vladimir/A-4814-2010; Ninkina, Natalia/A-1732-2011 OI Buchman, Vladimir/0000-0002-7631-8352; FU Wellcome Trust [, 075615] NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 138 IS 5 BP 841 EP 848 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 290EF UT WOS:000255105400004 PM 18424589 ER PT J AU Smith, AD Botero, S Levander, OA AF Smith, Allen D. Botero, Sebastian Levander, Orville A. TI Copper deficiency increases the virulence of amyocarditic and myocarditic strains of coxsackievirus B3 in mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA-VIRUS INFECTION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; HUMAN T-LYMPHOCYTES; B3-INDUCED MYOCARDITIS; SELENIUM DEFICIENCY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; VITAMIN-E; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Deficiency in several trace elements, including copper and selenium, is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress. Copper deficiency also has been shown to impair immune function. Previous work by others demonstrated that passage of an amyocarditic or myocarditic strain of coxsackievirus 33 (CVB3) through selenium- or vitamin E-deficient mice led to increased cardiac pathology. To determine whether a copper deficiency would similarly alter the pathogenesis of CVB3 infections, Swiss outbred dams and their litters were fed copper-deficient diets from birth and received either deionized water or water with 0.315 mmol/L copper as copper sulfate. At 4 wk of age, copper-adequate or -deficient male and female offspring were infected with an amyocarditic or myocarditic strain of CVB3. Heart titers were elevated at d 3 and 7 postinfection in copper-deficient mice infected with the myocarditic CVB3 strain (CVB3/20) but only at d 7 in deficient mice infected with the amyocarditic CVB3 strain (CVB3/0) compared with copper-adequate controls. Copper-deficient mice infected with either strain of CVB3 had increased cardiac pathology compared with copper-adequate controls. Genomic sequences of viruses isolated from copper-adequate and -deficient mice were identical. Heart cytokine expression was elevated in copper-deficient CVB3-infected mice compared with infected controls. Circulating CVB3-specific IgG2a but not IgM levels were decreased in copper-deficient mice. Thus, copper deficiency is associated with an increased inflammatory response but decreased acquired immune response to CVB3 infection that results in increased cardiac pathology, presumably due to increased viral load. C1 [Smith, Allen D.; Botero, Sebastian; Levander, Orville A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM allen.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 138 IS 5 BP 849 EP 855 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 290EF UT WOS:000255105400005 PM 18424590 ER PT J AU Carkeet, C Clevidence, BA Novotny, JA AF Carkeet, Colleen Clevidence, Beverly A. Novotny, Janet A. TI Anthocyanin excretion by humans increases linearly with increasing strawberry dose SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RED GRAPE JUICE; POMEGRANATE JUICE; COLON-CANCER; NONACYLATED ANTHOCYANINS; CYANIDIN GLYCOSIDES; UNITED-STATES; RICH EXTRACTS; COMMON FOODS; KAPPA-B; RATS AB A clinical study was conducted to investigate the dose response and metabolism of strawberry anthocyan ins. In a crossover study design, 12 healthy adults consumed each of 3 strawberry treatments. The treatments were 100 g, 200 g, and 400 g of pureed strawberries, delivering 15 mu mol, 30,mu mol, and 60 mu mol anthocyanin, respectively. Urine samples were collected for 24 h after each dose and samples were analyzed by HPLC with diode array detection and ion trap MS. Pelargonidin 3-glucoside was the major anthocyanin form in the treatments, and pelargonidin 3-glucoside and 3 metabolites of pelargonidin 3-glucoside (detected as monoglucuronides) were excreted in urine after ingestion. One predominant monoglucuronide form was detected in urine in masses 10-fold higher than the other 2 monoglucuronide forms. Increasing dose resulted in increasing appearance of anthocyanins in urine, and the mass of each pelargonidin monoglucuronide increased in urine with increasing dose. These results suggest that pelargonidin 3-glucoside absorption and metabolism are not saturated at masses <= 60 mu mol, thus showing that more strawberry anthocyanin can be absorbed with increasing dose. C1 [Carkeet, Colleen; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Novotny, Janet A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM janet.novotny@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 138 IS 5 BP 897 EP 902 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 290EF UT WOS:000255105400013 PM 18424598 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DJA Kendall, CWC Marchie, A Josse, AR Nguyen, TH Faulkner, DA Lapsley, KG Blumberg, J AF Jenkins, David J. A. Kendall, Cyril W. C. Marchie, Augustine Josse, Andrea R. Nguyen, Tri H. Faulkner, Dorothea A. Lapsley, Karen G. Blumberg, Jeffrey TI Almonds reduce biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in older hyperlipidemic subjects SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-E CONSUMPTION; NUT CONSUMPTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PLASMA-LIPIDS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SUBJECTS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CONTROLLED TRIAL AB Nut consumption has been associated with reduced coronary heart disease (CHID) risk. In addition to cholesterol-lowering properties, almonds have been shown to lower oxidized LDL concentrations. However, little is known regarding their effects on other markers of oxidative stress. The dose-response effects of whole almonds, taken as snacks, were compared with low-saturated fat (<5% energy) whole-wheat muffins (control) in the therapeutic diets of hyperlipidemic subjects. In a randomized crossover study, 27 hyperlipidemic men and women consumed 3 isoenergetic (mean 423 kcal/d or 1770 kJ/d) supplements each for 1 mo. Supplements consisted of full-dose almonds (73 +/- 3 g/d), half-dose almonds plus half-dose muffins (half-dose almonds), and full-dose muffins (control). Subjects were assessed at wk 0, 2 and 4. Mean body weights differed <= 300 g between treatments, although the weight loss on the half-dose almond treatment was greater than on the control (P < 0.01). At 4 wk, the full-dose almonds reduced serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P = 0.040) and creatinine-adjusted urinary isoprostane output (P = 0.026) compared with the control. Serum concentrations of alpha- or gamma-tocopherol, adjusted or unadjusted for total cholesterol, were not affected by the treatments. Almond antioxidant activity was demonstrated by their effect on 2 biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, serum MDA and urinary isoprostanes, and supports the previous finding that almonds reduced oxidation of LDL-C. Antioxicant activity provides an additional possible mechanism, in addition to lowering cholesterol, that may account for the reduction in CHD risk with nut consumption. C1 [Jenkins, David J. A.; Kendall, Cyril W. C.; Marchie, Augustine; Josse, Andrea R.; Nguyen, Tri H.; Faulkner, Dorothea A.] St Michaels Hosp, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Clin Nutr & Risk Factor Modificat Ctr, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada. St Michaels Hosp, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada. [Jenkins, David J. A.; Kendall, Cyril W. C.; Marchie, Augustine; Josse, Andrea R.; Nguyen, Tri H.; Faulkner, Dorothea A.] Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada. [Lapsley, Karen G.] Almond Board Calif, Modesto, CA 95354 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jenkins, DJA (reprint author), St Michaels Hosp, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Clin Nutr & Risk Factor Modificat Ctr, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada. EM cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca RI Jenkins, David/A-1992-2009 NR 58 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 138 IS 5 BP 908 EP 913 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 290EF UT WOS:000255105400015 PM 18424600 ER PT J AU Cifelli, CJ Green, JB Wang, Z Yin, S Russell, RM Tang, G Green, MH AF Cifelli, Christopher J. Green, Joanne B. Wang, Zhixu Yin, Shian Russell, Robert M. Tang, Guangwen Green, Michael H. TI Kinetic analysis shows that vitamin A disposal rate in humans is positively correlated with vitamin A stores SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID COMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS; DILUTION TECHNIQUE; BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOL; LIVER; PLASMA; MODEL; METABOLISM; MOBILIZATION; DEFICIENCY AB Vitamin A (VA) kinetics, storage, and disposal rate were determined in well-nourished Chinese and U.S. adults using model-based compartmental analysis. [H-2(8)]Retinyl acetate (8.9 mu mol) was orally administered to U.S. (n = 12; 59 +/- 9 y; mean +/- SD) and Chineseadults (n= 14, 54 +/- 4y) and serum tracer and VA concentrations were measured from 3 h to 56 d. Using the Windows version of the Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software, we determined that the average time from dosing until appearance of labeled retinol in serum was greater in U.S. subjects (40.6 +/- 8.47 h) than in Chinese subjects (32.2 +/- 5.84 h; P < 0.01). Model-predicted total traced mass (898 +/- 637 vs. 237 +/- 109 mu mol), disposal rate (14.7 +/- 5.87 vs. 5.58 +/- 2.04 mu mol/d), and system residence time (58.9 +/- 28.7 vs. 42.9 +/- 14.6 d) were greater in U.S. than in Chinese subjects (P < 0.05). The model-predicted VA mass and VA mass estimated by deuterated retinol dilution at 3 and 24 d did not differ. VA disposal rate was positively correlated with VA traced mass in Chinese (R-2 = 0.556), U.S. (R-2 = 0.579), and all subjects (R-2 = 0.808). Additionally, VA disposal rate was significantly correlated with serum retinol pool size (R-2 = 0.227) and retinol concentration (R-2 = 0.330) in all subjects. Our results support the hypothesis that VA stores are the principle determinant of VA disposal rate in healthy, well-nourished adults. C1 [Cifelli, Christopher J.; Green, Joanne B.; Green, Michael H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wang, Zhixu; Yin, Shian] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. [Wang, Zhixu] Inst Med Nutr, Qingdao 266021, Peoples R China. [Russell, Robert M.; Tang, Guangwen] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Green, MH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mhg@psu.edu NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 138 IS 5 BP 971 EP 977 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 290EF UT WOS:000255105400024 PM 18424609 ER PT J AU Crott, JW Liu, Z Keyes, MK Choi, SW Jang, H Moyer, MP Mason, JB AF Crott, Jimmy W. Liu, Zhenhua Keyes, Mary K. Choi, Sang-Woon Jang, Hyeran Moyer, Mary P. Mason, Joel B. TI Moderate folate depletion modulates the expression of selected genes involved in cell cycle, intracellular signaling and folate uptake in human colonic epithelial cell lines SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; p53; strand break; epithelial cell ID DNA STRAND BREAKS; UROKINASE PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; FOLIC-ACID DEFICIENCY; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; LUNG-CANCER RISK; DIETARY-FOLATE; IN-VITRO; URACIL MISINCORPORATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; P53 GENE AB Folate deficiency may affect gene expression by disrupting DNA methylation patterns or by inducing base substitution, DNA breaks, gene deletions and gene amplification. Changes in expression may explain the inverse relationship observed between folate status and risk of colorectal cancer. Three cell lines derived from the normal human colon, HCEC, NCM356 and NCM460, were grown for 32-34 days in media containing 25, 50, 75 or 150 nM folic acid, and the expression of genes involved in cell-cycle checkpoints, intracellular signaling, folate uptake and cell adhesion and migration was determined. Expression of Folate Receptor I was increased with decreasing media folate in all cell lines, as was p53, p21, p16 and beta-catenin. With decreasing folate, the expression of both E-cadherin and SMAD-4 was decreased in NCM356. APC was elevated in NCM356 but unchanged in the other lines. No changes in global methylation were detected. A significant increase in p53 exon 7-8 strand breaks was observed with decreasing folate in NCM460 cells. The changes observed are consistent with DNA damage-induced activation of cell-cycle checkpoints and cellular adaptation to folate depletion. Folate-depletion-induced changes in the Wnt/APC pathway as well as in genes involved in cell adhesion, migration and invasion may underlie observed relationships between folate status and cancer risk. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Crott, Jimmy W.; Liu, Zhenhua; Keyes, Mary K.; Choi, Sang-Woon; Jang, Hyeran; Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Moyer, Mary P.] INCELL Corp, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Crott, JW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jimmy.crott@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [K05 CA100048, K05 CA100048-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK040561, P30 DK040561-13, T32 DK007651-16, T32 DK007651] NR 57 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 19 IS 5 BP 328 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.05.003 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 293XG UT WOS:000255368100007 PM 17681772 ER PT J AU Polak, J Pivalova, J Kundu, JK Jokes, M Scorza, R Ravelonandro, M AF Polak, J. Pivalova, J. Kundu, J. K. Jokes, M. Scorza, R. Ravelonandro, M. TI Behaviour of transgenic Plum pox virus-resistant Prunus domestica L. clone C5 grown in the open field under a high and permanent infection pressure of the PPV-Rec strain SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Meeting on Plum Pox - Field and Laboratory-Based Findings CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Pula, ITALY DE Transgenic resistance; P domestica; resistance; PPV-Rec ID GENE AB Transgenic plum (Prunus domestica L.) clone C5 was grafted on virus-free St. Julien rootstocks and inoculated by bud grafting with the recombinant strain (PPV-Rec) of the Plum pox virus (PPV). Non inoculated C5 plums were used as controls. Transgenic plums infected with PPV-Rec and control plants were evaluated for six years in the open field. PPV symptoms, mild diffuse spots and rings, appeared on the basal leaves the second year after inoculation. The presence of PPV was confirmed by DAS-ELISA, ISEM, and RT-PCR. Severe PPV symptoms appeared in the leaves of shoots grown from non-transgenic inoculum buds. A reduction of symptoms and a decrease of the relative PPV concentration, as determined by DAS-ELISA in transgenic C5 plants, were observed from the third to the fifth year after virus inoculation. Very mild symptoms in older leaves of the basal branches of trees subsided by the end of the vegetative period, and were difficult to observe. The level of PPV detection by DAS-ELISA dropped from June to August together with a reduction of symptoms. PPV was undetectable by DAS-ELISA in more than half of the trees by the end of August. PPV-Rec was detected by RT-PCR in the basal and middle parts of the C5 scions. The upper leaves did not contain a detectable level of the virus. These results show the high level and stability of PPV resistance in graft-inoculated C5 trees. C1 [Polak, J.; Pivalova, J.; Kundu, J. K.; Jokes, M.] Crops Res Inst, Div Plant Hlth, Prague, Czech Republic. [Scorza, R.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ravelonandro, M.] INRA, UMR Genom Diver Pouvoir Pathogene 1090, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. RP Polak, J (reprint author), Crops Res Inst, Div Plant Hlth, Prague, Czech Republic. EM polak@vurv.cz NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 90 IS 1 SU S BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 323NS UT WOS:000257453800007 ER PT J AU Zagrai, I Capote, N Ravelonandro, M Cambra, M Zagrai, L Scorza, R AF Zagrai, I. Capote, N. Ravelonandro, M. Cambra, M. Zagrai, L. Scorza, R. TI Plum pox virus silencing of C5 transgenic plums is stable under challenge inoculation with heterologous viruses SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Meeting on Plum Pox - Field and Laboratory-Based Findings CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Pula, ITALY DE Honey Sweet; engineered resistance; gene silencing; PPV-D; PDV; PNRSV; ACLSV; co-infection ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; COAT PROTEIN GENE; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA; PRUNUS-DOMESTICA; SHARKA DISEASE; FRUIT-TREES; PLANTS; RESISTANCE; SUPPRESSOR AB Transgenic C5 cv. Honey Sweet is a clone of Prunus domestica L. transformed with the Plum pox virus coat protein gene (PPV-CP). This transgenic plum displays post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) which makes it highly resistant to PPV infection. To test the effect of heterologous viruses on the efficacy and stability of PTGS against PPV, transgenic C5 trees were graft-inoculated with different combinations of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) and PPV-D strain. The potential for suppression of the silencing mechanism mediated by these viruses was evaluated. Challenge experiments were performed under greenhouse, nursery and field conditions in Romania and Spain, comprising two different environments, continental and Mediterranean, respectively. Virus infections were evaluated by visual monitoring of symptom and by serological and molecular assays. The engineered resistance to PPV in C5 transgenic plums was stable and was not suppressed by the presence of the challenging heterologous viruses over a three-year experimental period across all trials. C1 [Zagrai, I.; Zagrai, L.] Statiunea Cercetare Dezvoltare Pentru Pomicultura, Bistrita 420127, Romania. [Capote, N.; Cambra, M.] Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, Valencia 46113, Spain. [Ravelonandro, M.] INRA, UMR Genom Divers Pouvoir Pathogene 1090, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Scorza, R.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Zagrai, I (reprint author), Statiunea Cercetare Dezvoltare Pentru Pomicultura, 3 Drumul Dumitrei Nou St, Bistrita 420127, Romania. EM izagrai@yahoo.com RI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/O-6367-2014; Capote, Nieves/C-5432-2016 OI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/0000-0003-2170-9521; Capote, Nieves/0000-0003-1819-2445 NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 90 IS 1 SU S BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 323NS UT WOS:000257453800012 ER PT J AU Obert, DE Evans, CR Wesenberg, DM Windes, JM Erickson, CA Jackson, EW Chen, X Whitmore, JC AF Obert, D. E. Evans, C. R. Wesenberg, D. M. Windes, J. M. Erickson, C. A. Jackson, E. W. Chen, X. Whitmore, J. C. TI Registration of 'Lenetah' Spring Barley SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Lenetah' (Reg. No. CV-338, PI 652440) two-rowed spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was developed by the Agricultural Research Service, Aberdeen, ID, in cooperation with the Idaho Agricultural Experimental Station and released in December 2007. Lenetah was selected from the cross 94Ab12981/91Ab3148. 94Ab12981 has the pedigree 85Ab2323/'Camas'. 85Ab2323 has the pedigree 79Ab19042/'Crystal'. 79Ab19042 is a selection from the cross 'Klages'/'Hector'. Camas is a selection from the cross ND5976/ND7159. ND5976 has the pedigree 'Maris Concord'/Klages//ND2679-4 and ND7159 has the pedigree Klages/ND1244/3/ND2685/ND1156//Hector. 91Ab3148 has the pedigree 'Gallatin'/'Targhee'//'Bowman'. Lenetah was selected as an F,:6 line in 2001 and given the experimental designation 01Ab11107. It was released due to its superior yield and test weight compared to 'Baronesse', the most widely grown feed barley in Idaho and Montana. The yield advantage over Baronesse is especially pronounced in northern Idaho and eastern Washington and under dryland conditions. C1 [Obert, D. E.; Evans, C. R.; Wesenberg, D. M.; Erickson, C. A.; Jackson, E. W.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Windes, J. M.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Chen, X.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Whitmore, J. C.] Univ Idaho, Tetonia Res & Extens Ctr, Newdale, ID 83436 USA. RP Obert, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Facil, 1691 South 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Don.Obert@ars.usda.gov FU Idaho Barley Commission FX Lenetah was developed with financial support from the Idaho Barley Commission. The authors also wish to acknowledge the cooperation of growers Dave Bodine, Evan Hayes, Larry Houston, Clark Kauffman, Doug McIntosh, and Doug Scoville for providing land and technical support for on-farm yield trials. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 85 EP 87 DI 10.3198/jpr2008.01.0021crc PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500002 ER PT J AU Holbrook, CC Timper, P Culbreath, AK Kvien, CK AF Holbrook, C. Corley Timper, Patricia Culbreath, Albert K. Kvien, Craig K. TI Registration of 'Tifguard' Peanut SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; RESISTANCE; LINES AB 'Tifguard'(Reg. No. CV-101, PI 651853) is a runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar released by the USDA-ARS and the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2007. Tifguard was developed at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Peanut cultivars are available that have high resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] or spotted wilt caused by tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV). However, no cultivars exist that have resistance to both pathogens. Our research objective was to combine resistance to both pathogens in a single cultivar. Breeding populations were developed by hybridizing the TSWV-resistant 'C-99R' with the nematode-resistant 'COAN'. Selection for nematode resistance was conducted using standard greenhouse screening techniques. Selection for TSWV resistance was conducted in the field with natural virus infection. A breeding line (C724-19-15) was selected that had high resistance to both pathogens. Tifguard exhibited higher resistance to TSWV and higher yield than standard check cultivars when grown in fields with little or no nematode pressure. Because of its high level of resistance to both TSWV and M. arenaria, Tifguard had significantly higher yield than all others entries when grown in two locations with high pressure from both pathogens. This cultivar should be valuable for peanut growers who have to deal with both pathogens. C1 [Holbrook, C. Corley] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Timper, Patricia] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Culbreath, Albert K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Kvien, Craig K.] Univ Georgia, Natl Environmentally Sound Prod Ag Lab, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Holbrook, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Corley.Holbrook@ars.usda.gov FU Georgia Peanut Commission FX The contributions and technical support of Brad Buchanan, Weibo Dong, Jason Golden, Vickie Hogan, Dannie Mauldin, and Betty Tyler are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by funds from the Georgia Peanut Commission. NR 12 TC 35 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 92 EP 94 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.12.0662crc PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500004 ER PT J AU Gilbert, RA Comstock, JC Glaz, B Edme, SJ Davidson, RW Glynn, NC Miller, JD Tai, PYP AF Gilbert, Robert A. Comstock, Jack C. Glaz, Barry Edme, Serge J. Davidson, R. Wayne Glynn, Neil C. Miller, Jimmy D. Tai, Peter Y. P. TI Registration of 'CP 00-1101' Sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'CP 00-1101'(Reg. No. CV-130, PI 651881) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was developed through cooperative research conducted by the USDA-ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugarcane League, Inc., and was released to growers in Florida in September 2007. CP 00-1101 was selected from a putative self-cross of 'CP 89-2143'made at Canal Point, FL, in January 1998. CP 89-2143 is a major sugarcane cultivar in Florida. CP 00-1101 was released because of its high plant cane and ratoon yields of cane and commercial recoverable sucrose on organic and sand soils, and its resistance to smut [caused by Ustilago scitaminea (Sydow & P. Syclow)], brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow), orange rust (caused by Puccinia kuehnii E.J. Butler), leaf scald (caused by Xanthomonas albilineans Ashby, Dowson), Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E (mosaic), and ratoon stunting disease (caused by Clavibacter xyli subsp. Xyli Davis) in Florida. C1 [Comstock, Jack C.; Glaz, Barry; Edme, Serge J.; Glynn, Neil C.; Miller, Jimmy D.; Tai, Peter Y. P.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Gilbert, Robert A.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Davidson, R. Wayne] Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM Barry.Glaz@ars.usda.gov FU [CP 00-1101] FX The authors acknowledge the advice of Dr. Y.B. Pan in ascertaining the parentage of CP 00-1101. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.12.0660crc PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500005 ER PT J AU Juarez, JL Miller, JD Orozco, H Solares, E Tai, PYP Comstock, JC Glaz, B de Leon, JLQ Ovalle, W Edme, SJ Glynn, NC Deren, CW AF Juarez, Jorge L. Miller, Jimmy D. Orozco, Hector Solares, Edgar Tai, Peter Y. P. Comstock, Jack C. Glaz, Barry de Leon, Jose L. Queme Ovalle, Werner Edme, Serge J. Glynn, Neil C. Deren, Christopher W. TI Registration of 'CP 88-1165' Sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'CP 88-1165' (Reg. No. CV-131, PI 651884) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was developed through cooperative research conducted by the USDA-ARS, the Centro Guaternalteco cle Investigacion y Capacitacion de la Cana de Azucar, and the University of Florida. It was released to growers in Guatemala in September 2004. CP 88-1165 was selected from the cross 'CL 61-620' x CP 81-1302 made at Canal Point, FL, in January 1986. The female parent, CL 61-620, formerly a major commercial cultivar in Florida, was developed by a private breeding program in Clewiston, FL, conducted by the United States Sugar Corp. The male parent, CP 81-1302, was advanced to the final testing stage (Stage 4) of the Canal Point (CP) cultivar development program but was not released due to susceptibility to brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. & P. Sycl.). CP 88-1165 was not released in Florida because of its susceptibility to brown rust and low yield of commercial recoverable sucrose. However, after testing in Guatemala, CP 88-1165 was released there because of its high plant cane and ratoon per hectare yields of cane and sucrose and its acceptable resistance or tolerance to smut [caused by Ustilago scitaminea (Sydow & P. Sydow], brown rust, Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E (mosaic), Sugarcane yellow leaf virus, and red stripe (Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae) in Guatemala. C1 [Miller, Jimmy D.; Tai, Peter Y. P.; Comstock, Jack C.; Glaz, Barry; Edme, Serge J.; Glynn, Neil C.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Juarez, Jorge L.; Solares, Edgar] Magdalena Sugar Mill, La Democracia, Escuintla, Guatemala. [Orozco, Hector; de Leon, Jose L. Queme; Ovalle, Werner] CENGI CANA, Santa Lucia Cotzumalguap, Escuintla, Guatemala. [Deren, Christopher W.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM Barry.Glaz@ars.usda.gov FU [CP 88-1165] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Clarissa Maroon-Lango for isolating DNA from CP 88-1165. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.12.0670crc PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500006 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, AMH Haley, SD Baenziger, PS Jin, Y Langham, MAC Rickertsen, J Kalsbeck, S Little, R Ingemansen, J Chung, OK Seabourn, BW Bai, GH Chen, MS Mcvey, DV AF Ibrahim, A. M. H. Haley, S. D. Baenziger, P. S. Jin, Y. Langham, M. A. C. Rickertsen, J. Kalsbeck, S. Little, R. Ingemansen, J. Chung, O. K. Seabourn, B. W. Bai, G. H. Chen, Ming-Shun McVey, D. V. TI Registration of 'Alice' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Alice' (Reg. No. CV-1023, PI 644223) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2006 to seed producers by the developing institution and the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Alice was selected from the cross 'Abilene' (PI 511307)/'Karl'(PI 527480) made in 1992 at Brookings, SD. Alice was selected as an F(4:5) line (F(4)-derived line in the F(5) generation) in 1997 and was assigned experimental line number SD97W609. Alice was released on the basis of its white grain color, earliness, excellent bread baking quality, good preharvest sprouting tolerance, and high yield performance in rainfed production systems in South Dakota and the northern Great Plains, including Nebraska. Alice was named to honor Alice Wright, administrative assistant for the South Dakota Wheat Commission for 23 yr. C1 [Ibrahim, A. M. H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Haley, S. D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Baenziger, P. S.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Jin, Y.; McVey, D. V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jin, Y.; McVey, D. V.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Langham, M. A. C.; Rickertsen, J.; Kalsbeck, S.; Little, R.; Ingemansen, J.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chung, O. K.; Seabourn, B. W.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Bai, G. H.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ibrahim, AMH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM aibrahim@ag.tamu.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013; Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 FU South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; South Dakota Wheat Commission; U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative; U.S. Department of Agriculture [59-0790-4-130] FX Alice was developed with financial support from the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, the South Dakota Wheat Commission, and the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 59-0790-4-130. This is a cooperative project with the U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative. Any opinions, findings conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.07.0393crc PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500007 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, AMH Haley, SD Baenziger, PS Jin, Y Langham, MAC Rickertsen, J Kalsbeck, S Little, R Ingemansen, J Chung, OK Seabourn, BW Bai, GH Chen, MS Mcvey, DV AF Ibrahim, A. M. H. Haley, S. D. Baenziger, P. S. Jin, Y. Langham, M. A. C. Rickertsen, J. Kalsbeck, S. Little, R. Ingemansen, J. Chung, O. K. Seabourn, B. W. Bai, G. H. Chen, Ming-Shun McVey, D. V. TI Registration of 'Darrell' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Darrell' (Reg. No. CV-1024, PI 644224) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the South Dakota State University-Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2006 to seed producers by the South Dakota State University-Agricultural Experiment Station and the University of Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Darrell was selected from the cross 2076-W12-11/'Karl 92'(PI 564245)/NE89526. NE89526 is an experimental line from the University of Nebraska with the pedigree 'Lancota' (CI 17389) selection/'Siouxland' (PI 483469)//TX792729. 2076-W12-11 is an unreleased experimental line that originated from a population with an unidentified pedigree. Darrell was selected as an F3:4 line in 1998 and was assigned experimental line number SD98102. Darrell was released on the basis of its good disease resistance and excellent yield potential in the northern Great Plains. C1 [Ibrahim, A. M. H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Texas AgriLIFE Res, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Langham, M. A. C.; Rickertsen, J.; Kalsbeck, S.; Little, R.; Ingemansen, J.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Haley, S. D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Baenziger, P. S.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Chung, O. K.; Seabourn, B. W.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Jin, Y.; McVey, D. V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jin, Y.; McVey, D. V.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bai, G. H.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ibrahim, AMH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Texas AgriLIFE Res, 2474 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM aibrahim@ag.tamu.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013; Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 FU South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; South Dakota Wheat Commission; U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative; U.S. Department of Agriculture [59-0790-4-130] FX Darrell was developed with financial support from the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, the South Dakota Wheat Commission, and the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 59-0790-4-130. This is a cooperative project with the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.07.0394crc PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500008 ER PT J AU Brick, MA Ogg, JB Singh, SP Schwartz, HF Johnson, JJ Pastor-Corrales, MA AF Brick, Mark A. Ogg, James B. Singh, Shree P. Schwartz, Howard F. Johnson, Jerry J. Pastor-Corrales, M. A. TI Registration of Drought-Tolerant, Rust-Resistant, High-Yielding Pinto Bean Germplasm Line CO46348 SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; WATER-STRESS; SELECTION; GROWTH AB Drought stress reduces dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield in more than 60% of the production regions worldwide. Pinto bean germplasm line CO46348 (Reg. No. GP-275, PI 651500) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the University of Idaho and USDA-ARS and released 1 Apr. 2007. CO46348 is a drought-tolerant pinto bean germplasm with a 95 to 98 d growing season, high yield potential, excellent pinto seed quality, and resistance to rust caused by Uromyces appendiculatus. The complete pedigree of CO46348 is unknown; however, it was derived from a single cross made in 1989 with the pinto cultivar Othello as the female parent. Othello is a short-season pinto cultivar released in 1987 that combines excellent pinto seed color and resistance to some strains of bean common mosaic caused by Bean common mosaic virus (a potyvirus). C1 [Brick, Mark A.; Ogg, James B.; Johnson, Jerry J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Singh, Shree P.] Univ Idaho, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Schwartz, Howard F.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pastor-Corrales, M. A.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brick, MA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Mark.Brick@colostate.edu FU Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station; Colorado Dry Bean Administrative Committee; Colorado Seed Growers Association FX The development of this germplasm was financially supported by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, the Colorado Dry Bean Administrative Committee, and the Colorado Seed Growers Association. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 120 EP 124 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.06.0359crg PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500009 ER PT J AU Coyne, CJ Porter, LD Inglis, DA Grunwald, NJ McPhee, KE Muehlbauer, FJ AF Coyne, Clarice J. Porter, Lyndon D. Inglis, Debra A. Gruenwald, Niklaus J. McPhee, Kevin E. Muehlbauer, Fred J. TI Registration of W6 26740, W6 26743, and W6 26745 Green Pea Germplasm Resistant to Fusarium Root Rot SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB Three F(8)-derived breeding lines W6 26740 (RIL 846_34; GP-96, PI 652444), W6 26743 (RIL 846_40; GP-97, PI 652445), and W6 26745 (RIL 847_36; GP-98, PI 652446) of green pea (Pisum sativum L.), selected from a recombinant inbred line population developed by the USDA-ARS in 2002, are unique in combining high levels of resistance to Fusarium root rot [caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. pisi (F.R. Jones) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans.] with acceptable agronomic traits. They will be useful as a resource for developing root rot resistant green pea cultivars. The parentage of W6 26740, W6 26743, and W6 26745 is a cross between 'Dark Skin Perfection'/90-2131 made in 1994 at Pullman, WA. Dark Skin Perfection is a freezing and canning cultivar characterized by straight, blunt, green, double pods; it was used by pea breeders in the 1950s as a source of resistance to Fusarium wilt race 1 [caused by F. oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. pisi (van Hall) Snyd. & Hans]. 90-2131 is a germplasm release characterized by white flowers, green cotyledons, a clear seed coat, a black hilum and dimpled seed. This line has partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot (caused by Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs.), Fusarium root rot, and Fusarium wilt races 1, 5, and 6. W6 26740, W6 26743 and W6 26746 are expected to serve as parental lines in the development of cultivars with improved disease resistance primarily to Fusarium root rot. C1 [Coyne, Clarice J.; McPhee, Kevin E.; Muehlbauer, Fred J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Porter, Lyndon D.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Inglis, Debra A.] Washington State Univ, NW Washington Res & Extens Ctr, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Coyne, CJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM coynec@wsu.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 FU USDA CSREES Cool Season Food Legume Special Grant Program; ARS [5348-21000-017-00D, 5354-21220-015-00D, 5348-21000-014-00D] FX We thank Virginia A. Coffman for the planting and maintenance of the disease nurseries. These lines were developed with support from the USDA CSREES Cool Season Food Legume Special Grant Program to DAI, CJC, and KEM and ARS Project Nos. 5348-21000-017-00D (CJC), 5354-21220-015-00D (LDP), 5348-21000-014-00D (KEM). NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 137 EP 139 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.12.0674crg PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500013 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Li, DJ AF Johnson, R. C. Li, Dajue TI Registration of WSRC01, WSRC02, and WSRC03 Winter-Hardy Safflower Germplasm SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB Winter-hardy safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) germplasm lines WSRC01 (Reg. No. GP-38, PI 651878) WSRC02 (Reg. No. GP-39, PI 651879), and WSRC03 (Reg. No. GP-40, PI 651880) were developed at the USDA-ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Pullman, WA. All three lines were developed from germplasm originating in China and derived from two cycles of recurrent mass selection. Plants of each original accession were fall planted at Pullman (elevation 786 m), and seed of surviving plants was bulked for each cycle. In tests at Pullman and Central Ferry (elevation 206 m), WA, selection increased winter survival an average of 4.1% for WSRC01, 25.3% for WSRC02, and 94.5% for WSRC03, with the increase significant for WSRC02 and WSRC03 (P < 0.05). Average winter survival for WSRC01 was 88%, for WSRC02 84%, and for WSRC03 78%. Survival for spring-type cultivars was zero in all tests. This is the first release of winter-hardy safflower and is expected to be useful in breeding improved winter safflower with potential adaptation to areas of the western United States and the southern Great Plains, in addition to international regions such as the Mediterranean basin and southwest Asia. C1 [Johnson, R. C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Li, Dajue] Beijing Bot Garden, Beijing 102200, Peoples R China. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 646402, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rcjohnson@wsu.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 140 EP 142 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.11.0637crg PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500014 ER PT J AU Mian, MAR Cooper, RL Dorrance, AE AF Mian, M. A. Rouf Cooper, Richard L. Dorrance, Anne E. TI Registration of Strong-Rps1k Soybean Germplasm Line SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPHTHORA-SOJAE; RESISTANCE AB Strong-Rps1k (Reg. No. GP-359, PI 644025) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm line was developed jointly by the USDA-ARS and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) at Wooster, OH. It was released because it carried the Rps1k gene for race specific resistance to Phytophthora root and stem rot (caused by Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann & Gerdemann) in the semidwarf background of cultivar Strong. Strong, which has the Rps1a gene, is well known for its adaptation to high yield environments where excessive vegetative growth and early lodging limit the yield potential of taller indeterminate soybean cultivars. Strong-Rps1k was developed by backcrossing the Rps1k gene from cultivar Sprite 87 into Strong. Seeds from the BC5F2:3 plants homozygous for the Rps1k gene were bulked to make Strong-Rps1k. It was evaluated for agronomic performance in local and regional tests. Performance of Strong-Rps1k was comparable to that of Strong. The Rps1k gene provides resistance against a wider range the P. sojae populations that are present in the North-Central U.S. soybean-growing region than does the Rps1a gene. Thus, Strong-Rps1k may be useful for breeders and researchers interested in developing new germplasm with resistance to Phytophthora root and stem rot with specific adaptation to high-yielding environments. C1 [Mian, M. A. Rouf; Cooper, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf; Cooper, Richard L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Dorrance, Anne E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Mian, MAR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mian.3@osu.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.09.0502crg PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500015 ER PT J AU Panella, L Lewellen, RT Hanson, LE AF Panella, Lee Lewellen, R. T. Hanson, Linda E. TI Breeding for Multiple Disease Resistance in Sugarbeet: Registration of FC220 and FC221 SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA ROOT-ROT; BETA-VULGARIS; CURLY TOP; LEAF-SPOT; GERMPLASM; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE; INDUCTION AB FC220 (Reg. No. GP-263, PI 651015) and FC221 (Reg. No. GP-264, PI 651016) sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) germplasm were released from 05-FC1030-15 (Sp) and 05-FC1030-16 (Sp) seed lots, respectively, and tested under those designations and as 03-FC1030-15 and 03-FC1030-16, respectively. They were developed by the USDA-ARS, at Fort Collins, CO, and at Salinas, CA, in cooperation with the Beet Sugar Development Foundation, Denver, CO. FC220 and FC221 are multigerm sugarbeet germplasm in fertile cytoplasm, segregating for self-fertility and hypocotyl color. Both have resistance to root-rotting strains (AG-2-2) of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and are segregating for the Rz1 gene, which confers resistance to some strains of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus, the causal agent of rhizomania. These germplasm have moderate resistance to Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechs., which causes aphanomyces root rot (aphanomyces black root). FC221 is moderately resistant to curly top caused by Beet severe curly top virus. FC220 is resistant to the sugarbeet root aphid (Pemphigus sp.). Both germplasm are moderately susceptible to cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. FC220 and FC221 have favorable yield characteristics when evaluated as lines or in experimental hybrids under rhizomania conditions at Salinas, CA. Under these conditions, FC220, as a line and in hybrid combinations, had a slight to significantly higher sucrose concentration than FC221. C1 [Panella, Lee; Hanson, Linda E.] USDA ARS, NPA, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lewellen, R. T.] USDA ARS, PWA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPA, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov FU Beet Sugar Development Foundation (BSDF); California Beet Growers Association for tests at Salinas FX Thanks to the Beet Sugar Development Foundation (BSDF) for their support of the USDA-ARS breeding programs at Fort Collins, CO, and Salinas, CA, and the California Beet Growers Association for tests at Salinas. Tests at Shakopee and Rosemount, MN, were run by Betaseed, Inc., by M. Rekoske and J. Miller, and reaction to Beet severe curly top virus was tested in the BSDF curly top nursery at Kimberly, ID, and evaluated by USDA-ARS scientists C. Strausbaugh, A. Gillen, and I. Eujayl. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 146 EP 155 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.12.0665crg PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500016 ER PT J AU Jauhar, PP Peterson, TS AF Jauhar, Prem P. Peterson, Terrance S. TI Registration of DGE-1, Durum Wheat Alien Disomic Addition Line with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM; THINOPYRUM; HYBRIDS; GENOME AB The durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) alien disomic addition line, DGE-1 (Reg No. GS-156, PI 645483), was developed by the USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND and released in 2006. DGE-1 (2n = 28 + 2) possesses an additional pair of chromosomes from diploid wheatgrass, Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love (2n = 2x = 14; EE genome) conferring resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. The pedigree of DGE-1 is [(Langdon/L. elongatum//Langdon)*1/Langdon]*8. The (Langdon x L. elongatum) F, hybrid (2n = 2x = 21; ABE genomes) was backcrossed with the recurrent Langdon parent, then selfed for one generation, and backcrossed again before selfing for several cycles. The addition line with FHB resistance (less than 21% on the visual scale; mean = 6.5% in the generation before release) was obtained by selecting for resistance in each generation after the durum wheat chromosome complement was reconstituted with the added alien chromosome in one and later in double dose. The extra chromosome involved is 1E of L. elongatum. C1 [Jauhar, Prem P.; Peterson, Terrance S.] USDA ARS, Cereals Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereals Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM prem.jauhar@ndsu.edu NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 167 EP 168 DI 10.3198/jpr2007.01.0048crgs PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 483AB UT WOS:000268932500020 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Strickland, TC Masters, MH AF Sullivan, D. G. Strickland, T. C. Masters, M. H. TI Satellite mapping of conservation tillage adoption in the Little River experimental watershed, Georgia SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; crop residue cover; near-infrared; remote sensing ID DISCRIMINATING CROP RESIDUES; SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; REFLECTANCE PROPERTIES; SOIL; COVER; FLUORESCENCE AB Conservation tillage is a commonly adopted best management practice for improving soil quality and reducing erosion. However, there are currently no methods in place to monitor conservation tillage adoption at the watershed scale. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Landsat TM data as a tool to depict conservation tillage in a small Coastal Plain watershed. Satellite imagery was used to calculate four commonly used indices: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Crop Residue Cover Index, Normalized Difference Tillage Index, and the Simple Tillage Index. Ground truth data consisted of a windshield survey, assigning each site a tillage regime (conventional or conservation tillage) at 138 locations throughout the watershed and surrounding areas. A logistical regression approach was used on two subsets of the data set (n = 20 or n = 44) to determine the influence of the number of ground control points on the success of modeling the occurrence of conservation tillage. The most accurate model was re-applied to the satellite image and evaluated using an independent sample of 94 survey sites. Results indicate that the normalized difference tillage and simple tillage indices performed best, with an overall accuracy of 71% and 78% for models developed using n = 20 and n = 44 sample locations, respectively. Errors were typically in the form of commission. Results are encouraging and suggest that currently available satellite imagery can be used for rapid assessment of conservation tillage adoption using minimal a priori information. C1 [Sullivan, D. G.; Strickland, T. C.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Masters, M. H.] Flint River Water Policy Ctr, Albany, GA USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 63 IS 3 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.3.112 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 289HM UT WOS:000255045600014 ER PT J AU Feyereisen, GW Strickland, TC Bosch, DD Truman, CC Sheridan, JM Potter, TL AF Feyereisen, G. W. Strickland, T. C. Bosch, D. D. Truman, C. C. Sheridan, J. M. Potter, T. L. TI Curve number estimates for conventional and conservation tillages in the southeastern Coastal Plain SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; curve number; hydrologic modeling; runoff ID RUNOFF; FLOW; SOIL AB The USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service curve number (CN) method for estimating surface runoff is frequently used in natural resource modeling. Water yield and subsequently water quality estimates depend heavily on CN selection. This study was conducted to estimate CNs for a cotton-peanut rotation under conventional and strip tillage (ST) methods for growing and dormant seasons. A comparison between alternative methods for calculating CN and their applicability was also made. Rainfall-runoff data measured from 1999 to 2005 at a field study site in South Georgia were used to calculate CNs by averaging, lognormal, and data-censoring methods. For conventional and STs, CNs by the averaging method using year-round data were 89 and 84, respectively, and by the lognormal method were 89 and 83, respectively. Results from the data-censoring method were 81 and 75, respectively, which matched standard table values developed from a long-term series of annual maximum runoff Values were also found to vary by season. Curve numbers by the lognormal method for ST were 83 and 88 for growing and dormant seasons, respectively; however, there was no difference between growing and dormant seasons, 89, for conventional tillage. The corresponding CNs by the data-censoring method for ST were 71 and 79 for growing and dormant seasons, respectively, and for conventional tillage were 82 and 79 for growing and dormant seasons, respectively. Based upon errors of the estimates, runoff estimates showed no improvement when separate CNs for the two seasons were used. The data-censoring method CNs yielded lower runoff estimate errors than CNs obtained by the lognormal method. The data-censoring method is recommended for determining CNs from plot rainfall-runoff data pairs. C1 [Feyereisen, G. W.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Strickland, T. C.; Bosch, D. D.; Truman, C. C.; Sheridan, J. M.; Potter, T. L.] USDA ARS, SE Expt Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 63 IS 3 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.3.120 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 289HM UT WOS:000255045600015 ER PT J AU Wren, DG Davidson, GR Walker, WG Galicki, SJ AF Wren, D. G. Davidson, G. R. Walker, W. G. Galicki, S. J. TI The evolution of an oxbow take in the Mississippi alluvial floodplain SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE carbon dating; oxbow lake; sedimentation ID AGE CALIBRATION; C-14; SEDIMENT; PB-210; LAND; PRECISION; SAMPLES AB The history of sediment accumulation in an oxbow lake located on the Mississippi alluvial floodplain was reconstructed based on sedimentation rates determined using C-14 activities from bulk sediment fractions and from Pb-210 and Cs-137 measurements. Higher rates of sediment accumulation consistent with frequent flooding when first abandoned 3,800 to 5,000 years before the present were followed by slower sedimentation rates consistent with migration of the Mississippi river away from the oxbow and less frequent flooding. his low sedimentation rate persisted for several thousand years until the surrounding land was cleared for agricultural use in the late 19th century. A 50-fold increase in the rate of sediment accumulation has persisted from the time of land clearing to the present, doubling the total mass of accumulated sediment in a single century. C1 [Wren, D. G.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Davidson, G. R.; Walker, W. G.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Galicki, S. J.] Millsaps Coll, Dept Geol, Jackson, MS 39210 USA. RP Wren, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 63 IS 3 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.3.129 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 289HM UT WOS:000255045600016 ER PT J AU Dell, CJ Salon, PR Franks, CD Benham, EC Plowden, Y AF Dell, C. J. Salon, P. R. Franks, C. D. Benham, E. C. Plowden, Y. TI No-till and cover crop impacts on soil carbon and associated properties on Pennsylvania dairy farms SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; cover crops; dairy forage; no-till ID ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CORN; ACCUMULATION; STORAGE; QUALITY; SYSTEMS AB No-till (NT) crop production is expected to sequester soil C, but little data is available for dairy forage systems. Our objective was to quantify impacts of NT and rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops on soil C and N pools and associated soil properties on Pennsylvania dairies. Samples were collected from seven fields following corn harvest. The NT fields had approximately 50% more C and N in particulate and mineral-associated pools in the upper 5 cm (2 in) compared to conventional tillage, but C and N accumulations below 5 cm were similar. This suggests a C sequestration rate of similar to 0.5 Mg ha(-1) y(-1) (similar to 0.2 tn ac(-1) yr(-1)) in the 8 to 13 years NT has been used. Soil aggregate stability and cation exchange capacity were proportional to C pool sizes. Rye cover crops had no clear impact. Findings show that expected increases in C sequestration and soil quality with NT can be achieved in dairy forage systems. C1 [Dell, C. J.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Salon, P. R.] USDA NRCS, Syracuse, NY USA. [Franks, C. D.; Benham, E. C.] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Plowden, Y.] USDA NRCS, Mill Hall, PA USA. RP Dell, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 63 IS 3 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.2489/63.3.136 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 289HM UT WOS:000255045600017 ER PT J AU Balada, EH Marmer, WN Kolomaznik, K Cooke, PH Dudley, RL AF Hernandez Balada, Eduard Marmer, William N. Kolomaznik, Karel Cooke, Peter H. Dudley, Robert L. TI Mathematical model of raw hide curing with brine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SALT DIFFUSION; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; PRESERVATION; SKINS; CHEESE AB The most common method of preserving raw hides is brine curing with sodium chloride. However, this process has three important disadvantages: first, the length of time that it takes, which is a minimum of 18 hours; second, the insufficient degree of curing reached in some hides due to an overload and possibly the low efficiency of the brine raceway; and finally, the environmental impact associated with the discharge of large quantities of electrolytes in the soaking step. Our long term goal is to address all three issues. Initially, we have carried out a study of the salt uptake and its diffusion mechanism in order to attempt a reduction in the curing time. A continuous reaction mathematical model of a closed one dimensional system that describes the diffusion of sodium chloride in the hide during the curing process was chosen in the search for the optimum brine curing conditions such as the optimum brine concentration and percent float. The effect of these two parameters on the values of transport coefficient lambda was reported. Brine diffusion into the hide was tracked by measurement of the chloride concentration of the residual brine solution. In addition, a piece of hide was cured with a fluorescently labeled brine solution and analyzed by means of epifluorescent microscopy for direct visualization of the sodium location within the hide. C1 [Hernandez Balada, Eduard; Marmer, William N.; Cooke, Peter H.; Dudley, Robert L.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Hernandez Balada, Eduard] Univ Barcelona, Dept Chem Engn, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Kolomaznik, Karel] Tomas Bata univ, Zlin 76001, Czech Republic. RP Marmer, WN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM william.marmer@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 103 IS 5 BP 167 EP 173 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 295VO UT WOS:000255502200001 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA List, GR Palmquist, D AF Jackson, Michael A. List, Gary R. Palmquist, Debra TI Low trans-fat spreads and shortenings from a catalyst-switching strategy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fats and oils; hydrogenation; processing technology; oleochemistry ID SOYBEAN OIL; HYDROGENATION; PRESSURE; ACIDS AB Low trans fatty acid basestocks suitable for blending with liquid oils to make spreads and shortenings are prepared by using a two-step hydrogenation process. The first step uses a nickel catalyst to hydrogenate soybean, canola, high-oleic sunflower, and high-oleic safflower oils to a predetermined iodine value. At this point in the reaction, the second step commenced. Addition of a platinum catalyst at 80 degrees C and 73 psi hydrogen pressure allowed for hydrogenation to proceed to iodine values of 40-50. These products had 11-18% trans fatty acid content. These were then blended with soybean oil (5-50% basestock) to give products with bulk properties similar to commercial spreads and shortenings but with about one third the levels of trans fat. C1 [Jackson, Michael A.; Palmquist, Debra] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [List, Gary R.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Oil Res Units, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM michael.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1007/s11746-008-1218-x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 280DD UT WOS:000254404200011 ER PT J AU Charron, CS Britz, SJ Mirecki, RM Harrison, DJ Clevidence, BA Novotny, JA AF Charron, Craig S. Britz, Steven J. Mirecki, Roman M. Harrison, Dawn J. Clevidence, Beverly A. Novotny, Janet A. TI Isotopic labeling of red cabbage anthocyanins with atmospheric (CO2)-C-13 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleraeea; stable isotopes; metabolism ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; CARBON METABOLISM; UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; LEAVES; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; ELECTROSPRAY; STRESS AB Isotopic labeling of plants provides a unique opportunity for understanding metabolic processes. A significant challenge of isotopic labeling during plant growth is that isotopes must be administered without disrupting plant development and at sufficient levels for mass spectral analysis. We describe a system for isotopic labeling of leafy vegetables with C-13 and demonstrate successful incorporation of C-13 into anthocyanins of preheading red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.). 'Super Red' red cabbage seedlings were grown for 34 days in an airtight acrylic labeling chamber supplied with (CO2)-C-13 to maintain 400 mu L.L-1. Nutrient solution was delivered hydroponically without allowing infusion of natural CO2 into the labeling chamber. Plants were initially grown at 22 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C in constant light of 228 mu mol.m(-2).s(-1). Upon canopy closure, anthocyanin development was promoted by reducing the nutrient solution concentration and reducing the temperature to 10.5 degrees C +/- 1.5 degrees C. Total shoot fresh weight (FW) was 1556 g and root FW was 491 g at harvest. Analysis of red cabbage shoot tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry indicated the presence of 37 anthocyanins, of which 14 are reported here for the first time. Mass shifts representing C-13 incorporation into anthocyanins were evident in mass spectra of anthocyanins from labeled tissue and demonstrate successful isotopic labeling. C1 [Charron, Craig S.; Britz, Steven J.; Mirecki, Roman M.; Harrison, Dawn J.; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Novotny, Janet A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Components & Hlth Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM janet.novotny@ars.usda.gov RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 133 IS 3 BP 351 EP 359 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 306HR UT WOS:000256239400006 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Richards, CM Reilley, AA Henk, AD Reeves, PA Forsline, PL Aldwinckle, HS AF Volk, Gayle M. Richards, Christopher M. Reilley, Ann A. Henk, Adam D. Reeves, Patrick A. Forsline, Philip L. Aldwinckle, Herb S. TI Genetic diversity and disease resistance of wild Malus orientalis from Turkey and southern Russia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apple; microsatellite ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; APPLE; COLLECTION; SIEVERSII; SCAB; INFERENCE; MARKERS AB Genetic diversity and disease resistance are described for 496 seedlings from wild populations of Malus orientalis Uglitzh. collected in southern Russia and Turkey in 1998 and 1999. Eighty-five half-sib families were genotyped using seven microsatellite markers, and disease resistance was determined for apple scab (Venturia inaequalis Cooke), cedar apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Schwein), and fire blight (Erwinia amylovora Burrill). Individuals from the two Russian Caucasus collection locations were homogeneous compared with populations from the four Turkish collection locations. Within three of the Turkish collection locations, some half-sib families were highly diverse and several of these families had unusually high levels of disease resistance. In all, twenty individuals exhibited resistance to all three diseases. Bayesian analyses of the population structure revealed six distinct clusters. Most of the individuals segregated into two clusters, one containing individuals primarily from southern Russia and the other containing individuals from both Russia and northern Turkey. Individuals in the four small clusters were specific to Turkish collection locations. These data suggest wild populations of H. orientalis from regions around the Black Sea are genetically distinguishable and show high levels of diversity. C1 [Volk, Gayle M.; Richards, Christopher M.; Reilley, Ann A.; Henk, Adam D.; Reeves, Patrick A.] Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Forsline, Philip L.] USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Aldwinckle, Herb S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013; OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079; Reeves, Patrick/0000-0001-9991-1397 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 133 IS 3 BP 383 EP 389 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 306HR UT WOS:000256239400010 ER PT J AU Stommel, JR Griesbach, RJ AF Stommel, John R. Griesbach, Robert J. TI Inheritance of fruit, foliar, and plant habit attributes in Capsicum SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding; heritability; leaf; linkage; plant height ID ANNUUM-L; A-LOCUS; PEPPER; GENES; COLOR; ANTHOCYANIN; SYNTHASE; GENETICS; LINKAGE; MUTANT AB Considerable diversity exists in Capsicum L. germplasm for fruit and leaf shape, size, and color as well as plant habit. Using F-1, F-2, and backcross generations developed from diverse parental stocks, this report describes the inheritance patterns and relationships between unique foliar characters and diverse fruit and plant habit attributes. Our results demonstrate that pepper fruit color, shape, and fruit per cluster were simply inherited with modifying gene action. Broad-sense heritability for fruit color and shape and fruit per cluster was high, whereas narrow-sense heritability for these characters was moderate to low. Although fruit clustering was simply inherited, the number of fruit per cluster exhibited a quantitative mode of inheritance. High fruit counts per cluster were linked with red fruit color and anthocyanin pigmented foliage. Fruit shape was linked with immature fruit color and inherited independently of mature fruit color. Leaf color, length, and plant height were quantitatively inherited. Leaf shape did not vary, but leaf length varied and was positively correlated with leaf width. Broad-sense heritability for leaf characters, including leaf length, leaf width, and leaf color, was high. With the exception of leaf width, which exhibited low narrow-sense heritability, high narrow-sense heritability for leaf characters denoted additive gene action. Plant height displayed high broad-sense heritability. Moderate narrow-sense heritability suggested that additive effects also influence plant height. Analysis of segregating populations demonstrated that red and orange fruit color can be combined with all possible leaf colors from green to black. These results provide new data to clarify and extend available information on the inheritance of Capsicum fruit attributes and provide new information on the genetic control of leaf characters and plant habit. C1 [Stommel, John R.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab,Plant S, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Griesbach, Robert J.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit,US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab,Plant S, Bldg 010A,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.stommel@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 133 IS 3 BP 396 EP 407 PG 12 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 306HR UT WOS:000256239400012 ER PT J AU Dossett, M Lee, J Finn, CE AF Dossett, Michael Lee, Jungmin Finn, Chad E. TI Inheritance of phenological, vegetative, and fruit chemistry traits in Black raspherry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rubus occidentalis; blackcap; diallel; GCA; SCA; heritability; phenolics; anthocyanins; pigment; color ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; RASPBERRIES RUBUS; ANTHOCYANINS; IDENTIFICATION; HERITABILITY; POPULATIONS; SEPARATION AB In recent years, there has been renewed interest in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) breeding. This has been spurred by an increase in black raspberry consumption resulting from studies that have shown them to be particularly high in anthocyanin content indicating high levels of antioxidants. Present cultivars are ill-adapted to the biotic and abiotic stresses of the Pacific northwestern United States, where the commercial black raspberry industry is centered, and fields must be replanted after three to five seasons. An incomplete partial diallel, consisting of 10 parents and 26 sibling families, was constructed for the study of variation and inheritance of phenological, vegetative, and fruit chemistry traits in black raspberry. Sibling families were established at the Oregon State University Lewis Brown Farm in Corvallis and were arranged as a randomized complete block design with four blocks of one to eight plants. Phenological development and vegetative measurements were recorded for each plant in 2005 and 2006. In addition, 25-berry samples of ripe fruit were collected from each plant. To study variation in fruit chemistry properties, including pH, titratable acidity, percent soluble solids, anthocyanin profiles, and total anthocyanins, additional samples of 25 ripe berries were collected from each plant and pooled by family within blocks. Although there were many striking similarities, strong trends in phenotype based on pedigree were observed for most traits indicating a strong genetic component. General combining ability (GCA) effects were significant and larger than specific combining ability effects for all traits, except for fruit size (mass). With the exception of fruit size, narrow-sense heritability estimates were generally moderate to high (0.30 to 0.91), indicating the potential for breeding progress within the population of plants studied. Despite these results, statistically significant and large GCA values were limited to just a few of the parents, indicating a lack of heritable genetic variation in much of the germplasm base and a need for greater diversity. C1 [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lee, Jungmin] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Dossett, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM chad.finn@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 133 IS 3 BP 408 EP 417 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 306HR UT WOS:000256239400013 ER PT J AU Brevis, PA Bassil, NV Ballington, JR Hancock, JF AF Brevis, Patricio A. Bassil, Nahla V. Ballington, James R. Hancock, James F. TI Impact of wide hybridization on highbush blueberry breeding SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium corymbosum; wild germplasm; tetrasomic inbreeding coefficient; simple sequence repeat ID MAIZE INBRED LINES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION; NUT VARIETIES; CULTIVARS; PEDIGREE; COEFFICIENTS; VACCINIUM; REGISTER AB The use of interspecific hybridization in blueberry (Vaccinium L. section Cyanococcus Gray) breeding has resulted in the incorporation of novel traits from wild germplasm and the expansion of the geographic limits of highbush blueberry (V. xcorynibosum L.) production. The objectives of this study were: 1) to estimate the impact of wide hybridization on inbreeding, heterozygosity, and coancestry of the cultivated tetraploid highbush blueberry; 2) to establish the usefulness of microsatellite markers in assessing genetic relationships among southern highbush blueberry [SHB (V. xcorymbosum)] cultivars; and 3) to report on the expected genetic contribution of wild Vaccinium clones to SHB cultivars. Pedigrees of 107 highbush blueberry cultivars were used to calculate tetrasomic inbreeding coefficients (F), pedigree-based genetic distances, and expected genetic contributions of wild clones. Genotyping data from 21 single-locus microsatellite markers screened across 68 genotypes were used to calculate heterozygosity and proportion of shared alleles distances (D-sa). The results indicated that the effects of wide hybridization on genetic diversity of cultivated blueberry were lower than previously thought. First, SHB cultivars exhibited similar levels of molecular relatedness as historical northern highbush blueberry [NHB (V. xcorymbosum)] cultivars (median %. between pairs of cultivars equals 0.19 in both cultivar groups), despite the broader genetic base and larger pedigree distances in the former cultivar group. Second, levels of heterozygosity in modern NHB cultivars were not statistically different from those of SHB (chi(2) = 4.0; df = 3; P > 0.05), despite the considerably higher levels of inbreeding in the former cultivar group (median F equal to 0.0035 and 0.0013, respectively). Furthermore, pedigree-based genetic distances were significantly correlated with D-sa (r = 0.57, P <= 0.0001), indicating that microsatellite markers are reliable tools in most cases to assess the genetic relationships among SHB cultivars. Finally, seven Vaccinium species constitute the current genetic base of cultivated SHB. In this article, we report on the expected genetic contributions of V. angustifolium Ait., V. constablaei Gray, V. corymbosum, V darrowii Camp, V elliottii Chapman, V. tenellum Ait., and V. virgatum Ait. (syn. V. ashei Reade) clones to 38 SHB cultivars. C1 [Brevis, Patricio A.; Hancock, James F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bassil, Nahla V.] USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Reposit, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Ballington, James R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Brevis, PA (reprint author), Reiter Affiliated Co, 730 S A St, Oxnard, CA 93030 USA. EM brevis@msu.edu NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 133 IS 3 BP 427 EP 437 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 306HR UT WOS:000256239400015 ER PT J AU Pataky, JK Meyer, MD Bollman, JD Boerboorn, CM Williams, MM AF Pataky, Jerald K. Meyer, Michael D. Bollman, Joseph D. Boerboorn, Chris M. Williams, Martin M., II TI Genetic basis for varied levels of injury to sweet corn hybrids from three cytochrome P450-metabolized herbicides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ben1 gene; foramsulfuron; herbicide selectivity; herbicide sensitivity; herbicide tolerance; mesotrione; nicosulfuron; nsf1 gene; Zea mays ID MAYS CULTIVAR SENSITIVITY; ZEA-MAYS; CROSS-SENSITIVITY; APPLIED POSTEMERGENCE; NICOSULFURON; TOLERANCE; INHERITANCE; MESOTRIONE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SELECTIVITY AB Some sweet corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids and inbreds can be severely injured or killed after postemergence applications of certain P450-metabolized herbicides. Consequently, existing hybrids are regularly evaluated for tolerance to new herbicides, and new hybrids are evaluated for tolerance to existing herbicides. In 2005 and 2006, the University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension Service coordinated 12 trials in six states in which a total of 149 sweet corn hybrids were evaluated for tolerance to three cytochrome P450-metabolized herbicides: nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron, and mesotrione. Hybrid responses differed substantially within and among locations. The objective of this study was to determine if alleles affecting herbicide sensitivity (e.g., cytochrome P450 alleles) were associated with differences in levels of injury to sweet corn hybrids in these trials. Based on responses of F(2) progeny to nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron, and mesotrione, 95 hybrids were classified as homozygous for alleles conditioning herbicide tolerance; 47 hybrids were classified as heterozygous with one allele each conditioning tolerance and sensitivity; and two hybrids were classified as homozygous for alleles conditioning sensitivity. When trial mean levels of injury after applications of mesotrione, nicosulfuron, and foramsulfuron in the herbicide trials were above 1%, 4%, and 5%, respectively, the response of the three genotypic classes of hybrids followed a consistent pattern. Homozygous-sensitive hybrids were injured most severely and often were killed by the two acetolactate synththase-inhibiting herbicides, nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron. Heterozygous hybrids had an intermediate response to all three herbicides that was more similar to homozygous-tolerant hybrids than homozygous-sensitive hybrids; however, injury to heterozygous hybrids was 1.5 to 2.3 times greater and significantly (P < 0.05) different from homozygous-tolerant hybrids based on t tests of group means and comparisons of predicted values from regressions of genotypic means on trial means. Based on responses of the 149 hybrids in this trial, the potential for and level of crop injury from use of nicosulfuron, mesotrione, and foramsulfuron on any specific sweet corn hybrid is conditioned largely by alleles at a single locus. C1 [Pataky, Jerald K.; Meyer, Michael D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bollman, Joseph D.; Boerboorn, Chris M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Williams, Martin M., II] Univ Illinois, ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Pataky, JK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM j-pataky@uiuc.edu NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 133 IS 3 BP 438 EP 447 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 306HR UT WOS:000256239400016 ER PT J AU Duncan, C Ridpath, J Palmer, MV Driskell, E Spraker, T AF Duncan, Colleen Ridpath, Julia Palmer, Mitchell V. Driskell, Elizabeth Spraker, Terry TI Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in two white-tailed deer fawns persistently infected with Bovine viral diarrhea virus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Odocoileus virginianus; persistent infection; white-tailed deer ID MOUSEDEER TRAGULUS-JAVANICUS; EXPERIMENTAL FETAL INFECTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; MULE DEER; CATTLE; DISEASE; ANTIGEN; BVDV; ANTIBODIES AB Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen of domestic cattle. Serologic, experimental, and individual case Studies explored the presence and pathogenesis of the virus in wild ungulates; however, there remain large gaps in knowledge regarding BVDV infection in nonbovine species. Live twins were born from a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) doe infected with noncytopathic BVDV during its first trimester of pregnancy. The twins died at I day of age from trauma unrelated to the infection, and tissues were collected for histologic and immunohistochemical examination. The most significant histologic abnormality was diffuse depletion of B-lymphocytes in both fawns. The BVDV antigen was distributed widely throughout many tissues and cell types, most notably epithelium and vascular endothelium, consistent with that reported in cattle. In contrast to cattle, lymphocytes exhibited only very rare positive staining. C1 [Duncan, Colleen; Spraker, Terry] Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ridpath, Julia] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Palmer, Mitchell V.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Driskell, Elizabeth] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Duncan, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, 300 W Drake, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM colleen.duncan@colostate.edu NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 20 IS 3 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 389ZV UT WOS:000262135000005 PM 18460614 ER PT J AU Morley, PS Traub-Dargatz, JL Benedict, KM Saville, WJA Voelker, LD Wagner, BA AF Morley, P. S. Traub-Dargatz, J. L. Benedict, K. M. Saville, W. J. A. Voelker, L. D. Wagner, B. A. TI Risk factors for owner-reported occurrence of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in the US equine population SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; neurologic disease; opossum; sarcocystis neurona ID SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; KNOCKOUT MICE; PYRANTEL TARTRATE; MICHIGAN EQUIDS; HORSES; ANTIBODIES; SEROPREVALENCE; APICOMPLEXA; INFECTION AB Background: Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious and often fatal neurologic disease of horses, but few studies have investigated risk factors. Objectives: To evaluate operation- and individual-level factors associated with likelihood of the occurrence of EPM. Animals: Data were collected as part of a study of the US equine industry from 1,178 operations representing 83.9% of horses and 51.6% of operations with >= 3 horses in 28 states. Methods: Probability-based sampling was used to enroll representative operations in a cross-sectional study. Interviews were conducted to collect information regarding health and management of horses. A nested case-control study was used to investigate risk factors among individual horses. Interview data were combined with climate data, human population density, and opossum regional ecology categories. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to identify risk factors for the occurrence of EPM. Results: Owners reported that 95% of EPM cases included in this study were diagnosed by veterinarians. Variables associated with EPM occurrence on premises included opossum regional ecology, reported exposure to small wildlife, climate, terrain, housing, choice of bedding material, method of storing feeds, equine stocking density, and primary use of horses. Among individual horses, age was most strongly associated with disease risk. Associations also were identified with sex, breed, primary use, and participation in competitions. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Because the risk of EPM occurrence on operations is closely tied to factors that impact exposure to opossums, their feces, and their environment, controlling these exposures may be important in preventing the occurrence of EPM. C1 [Morley, P. S.; Traub-Dargatz, J. L.; Benedict, K. M.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Saville, W. J. A.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Voelker, L. D.] Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. [Wagner, B. A.] Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Morley, PS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Campus Delivery 1678, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Paul.Morley@colostate.edu RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009 OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 616 EP 629 DI 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0082.x PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 301PO UT WOS:000255908300014 PM 18466255 ER PT J AU Wasilenko, JL Lee, CW Sarmento, L Spackman, E Kapczynski, DR Suarez, DL Pantin-Jackwood, MJ AF Wasilenko, Jamie L. Lee, Chang Won Sarmento, Luciana Spackman, Erica Kapczynski, Darrell R. Suarez, David L. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. TI NP, PB1, and PB2 viral genes contribute to altered replication of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in chickens SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMANTADINE RESISTANCE MUTATIONS; A-VIRUSES; MOLECULAR-BASIS; POLYMERASE GENES; NITRIC-OXIDE; AMINO-ACID; REASSORTANT VIRUSES; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; RNA INTERFERENCE; HIGH VIRULENCE AB The virulence determinants for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are considered multigenic, although the best characterized virulence factor is the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site. The capability of influenza viruses to reassort gene segments is one potential way for new viruses to emerge with different virulence characteristics. To evaluate the role of other gene segments in virulence, we used reverse genetics to generate two H5N1 recombinant viruses with differing pathogenicity in chickens. Single-gene reassortants were used to determine which viral genes contribute to the altered virulence. Exchange of the PB1, PB2, and NP genes impacted replication of the reassortant viruses while also affecting the expression of specific host genes. Disruption of the parental virus' functional polymerase complexes by exchanging PB1 or PB2 genes decreased viral replication in tissues and consequently the pathogenicity of the viruses. In contrast, exchanging the NP gene greatly increased viral replication and expanded tissue tropism, thus resulting in decreased mean death times. Infection with the NP reassortant virus also resulted in the upregulation of gamma interferon and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. In addition to the impact of PB1, PB2, and NP on viral replication, the RA, NS, and M genes also contributed to the pathogenesis of the reassortant viruses. While the pathogenesis of AIVs in chickens is clearly dependent on the interaction of multiple gene products, we have shown that single-gene reassortment events are sufficient to alter the virulence of AIVs in chickens. C1 [Wasilenko, Jamie L.; Sarmento, Luciana; Kapczynski, Darrell R.; Suarez, David L.; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Lee, Chang Won] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Lee, Chang Won] Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Pantin-Jackwood@ARS.USD.gov NR 61 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 9 BP 4544 EP 4553 DI 10.1128/JVI.02642-07 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 289WM UT WOS:000255084600035 PM 18305037 ER PT J AU Lim, HS Bragg, JN Ganesan, U Lawrence, DM Yu, JL Isogai, M Hammond, J Jackson, AO AF Lim, Hyoun-Sub Bragg, Jennifer N. Ganesan, Uma Lawrence, Diane M. Yu, Jialin Isogai, Masimachi Hammond, John Jackson, Andrew O. TI Triple gene block protein interactions involved in movement of Barley stripe mosaic virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-TO-CELL; RNA-BINDING; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT; B PROTEIN; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; CDNA; BETA; POTEXVIRUSES AB Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) encodes three movement proteins in an overlapping triple gene block (TGB), but little is known about the physical interactions of these proteins. We have characterized a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex consisting of the TGB1 protein and plus-sense BSMV RNAs from infected barley plants and have identified TGB1 complexes in planta and in vitro. Homologous TGB1 binding was disrupted by site-specific mutations in each of the first two N-terminal helicase motifs but not by mutations in two C-terminal helicase motifs. The TGB2 and TGB3 proteins were not detected in the RNP, but affinity chromatography and yeast two-hybrid experiments demonstrated that TGB1 binds to TGB3 and that TGB2 and TGB3 form heterologous interactions. These interactions required the TGB2 glycine 40 and the TGB3 isoleucine 108 residues, and BSMV mutants containing these amino acid substitution were unable to move from cell to cell. Infectivity experiments indicated that TGB1 separated on a different genomic RNA from TGB2 and TGB3 could function in limited cell-to-cell movement but that the rates of movement depended on the levels of expression of the proteins and the contexts in which they are expressed. Moreover, elevated expression of the wild-type TGB3 protein interfered with cell-to-cell movement but movement was not affected by the similar expression of a TGB3 mutant that fails to interact with TGB2. These experiments suggest that BSMV movement requires physical interactions of TGB2 and TGB3 and that substantial deviation from the TGB protein ratios expressed by the wild-type virus compromises movement. C1 [Lim, Hyoun-Sub; Bragg, Jennifer N.; Ganesan, Uma; Lawrence, Diane M.; Isogai, Masimachi; Jackson, Andrew O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lim, Hyoun-Sub; Hammond, John] USDA, FNPRU Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yu, Jialin] China Agr Univ, Coll Biol Sci, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Isogai, Masimachi] Iwate Univ, Plant Pathol Lab, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. RP Jackson, AO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM andyoj@berkeley.edu NR 41 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 10 BP 4991 EP 5006 DI 10.1128/JVI.02586-07 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 297MA UT WOS:000255619600030 PM 18353960 ER PT J AU Strain, E Kelley, LA Schultz-Cherry, S Muse, SV Koci, MD AF Strain, Errol Kelley, Laura A. Schultz-Cherry, Stacey Muse, Spencer V. Koci, Matthew D. TI Genomic analysis of closely related astroviruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TURKEY ASTROVIRUSES; SEQUENCES; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; INFERENCE; SELECTION; CHILDREN; VIRUSES AB To understand astrovirus biology, it is essential to understand factors associated with its evolution. The current study reports the genomic sequences of nine novel turkey astrovirus (TAstV) type 2-like clinical isolates. This represents, to our knowledge, the largest genomic-length data set available for any one astrovirus type. The comparison of these TAstV sequences suggests that the TAstV species contains multiple subtypes and that recombination events have occurred across the astrovirus genome. In addition, the analysis of the capsid gene demonstrated evidence for both site-specific positive selection and purifying selection. C1 [Koci, Matthew D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Strain, Errol; Muse, Spencer V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kelley, Laura A.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Schultz-Cherry, Stacey] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Koci, MD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Campus Box 7608, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mdkoci@ncsu.edu OI Koci, Matthew/0000-0002-5766-4049 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK034987, P30 DK34987] NR 28 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 10 BP 5099 EP 5103 DI 10.1128/JVI.01993-07 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 297MA UT WOS:000255619600041 PM 18321976 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Thill, RE Leslie, DM AF Perry, Roger W. Thill, Ronald E. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Scale-dependent effects of landscape structure and composition on diurnal roost selection by forest bats SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; bats; Eptesicus fuscus; forest management; landscape modeling; Lasiurus; Myotis septentrionalis; Nycticeius humeralis; Perimyotis subflavus; roost selection ID LONG-LEGGED MYOTIS; HABITAT USE; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SITE SELECTION; FORAGING HABITAT; SPATIAL SCALES; COASTAL-PLAIN; RED BATS; PATTERNS AB Forest management affects the quality and availability of roost sites for forest-dwelling bats, but information on roost selection beyond the scale of individual forest stands is limited. We evaluated effects of topography (elevation, slope, and proximity of roads and streams), forest habitat class, and landscape patch configuration on selection of summer diurnal roosts by 6 species of forest-dwelling bats in a diverse forested landscape of the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, USA. Our objectives were to identify landscape attributes that potentially affect roost placement, determine whether commonalities exist among species in their response to landscape attributes, and evaluate the effects of scale. We modeled roost selection at 2 spatial scales (250- and 1,000-m radius around each roost). For each species, parameters included in models differed between the 2 scales, and there were no shared parameters for 2 species. Average coefficients of determination (R-2) for small-scale models were generally higher than for large-scale models. Abundance of certain forest habitat classes were included more often than patch configuration or topography in differentiating roost from random locations, regardless of scale, and most species were more likely to roost in areas containing abundant thinned forest. Among topographic metrics, big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were more likely to roost at higher elevations; roosts of big brown bats, northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis), and Seminole bats (Lasiurus seminolus) were influenced by slope; and big brown bats, evening bats (Nycticeius humeralis), and Seminole bats were more likely to roost closer to water than random. Northern long-eared bats and red bats (Lasiurus borealis) were more likely to roost closer to roads, whereas eastern pipistrelles (Perimyotis subflavus) were more likely to roost further from roads than random. Common parameters in most models included 1) positive associations with group selection (5 of 6 species) and thinned mature forest (4 species) at the small scale; 2) negative associations with unmanaged mixed pine-hardwood forest 50-99 years old at the large scale (4 species); 3) negative association with stands of immature pine 15-29 years old at the small scale (3 species); and 4) a positive association with largest patch index at the large scale (3 species). Our results suggest that, in a completely forested landscape, a variety of stand types, seral stages, and management conditions, varying in size and topographic location throughout the landscape, would likely provide the landscape components for roosting required to maintain a diverse community of forest bats in the Ouachita Mountains. C1 [Perry, Roger W.] USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Thill, Ronald E.] USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 51 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 913 EP 925 DI 10.2193/2006-435 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZN UT WOS:000255304700008 ER PT J AU Jentsch, S Mannan, RW Dickson, BG Block, WM AF Jentsch, Stephanie Mannan, R. William Dickson, Brett G. Block, William M. TI Associations among breeding birds and Gambel oak in Southwestern ponderosa pine forests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avian species richness; black-headed grosbeak; breeding birds; Gambel oak; habitat; ponderosa pine; red-faced warbler; Virginia's warbler; yellow-rumped warbler ID HABITAT; ARIZONA; USA AB Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests with Cambel oak Quercus gambelii) are associated with higher bird abundance and diversity than are ponderosa pine forests lacking Gambel oak. Little is known, however, about specific structural characteristics of Gambel oak trees, clumps, and stands that may be important to birds in ponderosa pine-Gambel oak (hereafter pine-oak) forests. We examined associations among breeding birds and structural characteristics of Gambel oak at a scale similar in size to individual bird territories in pine-oak forests in northern Arizona and western New Mexico, USA. Avian species richness and occurrence of some bird species were associated with specific growth forms of Gambel oak. Estimated probability of Virginia's warblers (Vermivora virginiae), black-headed grosbeaks (Pheucticus melanocephalus), and red-faced warblers (Cardellina rubrifrons) occurring at points increased with increasing density of pole-sized Gambel oak 715 cm in diameter at breast height. We also found evidence that large Gambel oak trees (>= 23 cm dbh) were associated with increased occurrence of yellow-rumped warblers (Dendroica coronata) at points. Some avian associations with oak were influenced by characteristics of ponderosa pines. For example, bird species richness was positively associated with the abundance of large Gambel oak when density of large pine trees >= 23 cm in diameter at breast height was low. Because large oak trees are rare and their numbers are thought to be declining, efforts should be made to retain and promote growth of additional oaks in this size class. Forest management practices that maintain forest openings, such as prescribed burning, could promote growth of pole-sized Gambel oak, which appears important to some bird species in pine-oak forests. C1 [Jentsch, Stephanie; Mannan, R. William] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dickson, Brett G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Block, William M.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Jentsch, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sajentsch@gmail.com NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 994 EP 1000 DI 10.2193/2007-073 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZN UT WOS:000255304700018 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Cummings, JL Tupper, SK Goldade, DA Beighley, D AF Werner, Scott J. Cummings, John L. Tupper, Shelagh K. Goldade, David A. Beighley, Donn TI Blackbird repellency of selected registered pesticides SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; Apron XL (R) LS; chemical repellent; Dividend Extreme (R); foraging behavior; Karate (R) with Zeon Technology (R); Maxim (R) 4 FS; red-winged blackbird; Tilt (R); wildlife damage management ID RICE; DAMAGE; SUNFLOWER; CAFFEINE AB Bird depredation of agricultural crops is a worldwide problem. New strategies to include chemical repellents are needed to mitigate crop losses. We evaluated 3 preplant seed treatments (Apron XL (R) LS [Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC], Dividend Extreme (R) [Syngenta], and Maxim (R) 4 FS [Syngenta]), one foliar insecticide (Karate (R) with Zeon Technology (TM) [Syngenta]), and one foliar fungicide (Tilt (R) [Syngenta]) as potential blackbird repellents in caged feeding trials and a field study. For all repellents tested, red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) discriminated between untreated and treated rice during preference testing in captivity. We observed a positive concentration-response relationship among birds offered rice treated with 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, or 200% of the manufacturer label for Dividend Extreme, Karate, and Tilt. Relative to pretreatment, blackbirds ate 32% and 69% less rice treated with 100% and 200% Tilt label rates, respectively, during the concentration-response test. Maximum repellency of Dividend Extreme and Karate was 55% at 200% of their label rates. We observed no repellency of a combination of Apron and Maxim at 25-200% label rates during the concentration-response test. We subsequently measured rice crop consumption and propiconazole (active ingredient, Tilt) residues among 10 plots (i.e., netted enclosures) populated with red-winged blackbirds within a maturing rice field. Average mass of rice harvested between treated (Tilt) and untreated subplots did not differ. We recovered an average of 12.3 mu g/g propiconazole immediately following the first application and 20.2 mu g/g propiconazole immediately following the second application of Tilt. We recovered <0.1 mu g/g propiconazole on 15 August 2006, just before populating plots with blackbirds. Thus, the label application of Tilt fungicide did not reduce blackbird consumption within a maturing rice field, and residues of the active ingredient were insufficient for repellent efficacy. Additional studies are needed to determine whether higher concentrations of Tat repel blackbirds under field conditions and to evaluate other potential repellents for protection of newly planted and ripening crops. C1 [Werner, Scott J.; Cummings, John L.; Tupper, Shelagh K.; Goldade, David A.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Beighley, Donn] SE Missouri State Univ, Malden, MO 63863 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Scott.J.Werner@aphis.usda.gov OI Tupper, Shelagh/0000-0002-9936-487X NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1011 DI 10.2193/2007-366 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZN UT WOS:000255304700020 ER PT J AU Reidy, MM Campbell, TA Hewitt, DG AF Reidy, Matthew M. Campbell, Tyler A. Hewitt, David G. TI Evaluation of electric fencing to inhibit feral pig movements SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE damage; electric fencing; feral pigs; southern Texas; Sus scrofa ID SOUTHERN TEXAS; UNITED-STATES; DEER-DAMAGE; EFFICACY; DESIGNS; FENCES AB Natural resource managers and agricultural producers are seeking innovative tools to minimize damages caused by rapidly expanding feral pig (Sus scrofa) populations. One tool that has received little scientific inquiry is the use of exclusion fences to protect economically and ecologically sensitive areas. Our objectives were to evaluate the ability of electric fencing to minimize feral pig movements in a captive setting as well as in rangeland and agriculture land. In captivity, we tested a 1-, 2-, and 3-strand electric fence. In our captive trial, we found 65% fewer intrusions (F-2,F-18 = 20.46, P < 0.001) for electric fences (<(x)over bar>= 12.4, SE = 2.8) compared with nonelectric fences ((x) over bar = 35.6, SE = 6.9). We found no difference (F-2,F-9 = 1.85, P = 0.212) for 1-strand ((x) over bar = 28.1, SE = 7.8), 2-strand ((x) over bar = 14.2, SE = 3.2), and 3-strand ((x) over bar = 16.9, SE = 4.3) electric fences. However, we found 50% and 40% fewer crossings for the 2- and 3-strand fences, respectively, compared with the 1-strand fence. In our rangeland trial, we found 49% fewer intrusions (F-2,F-18 =4.39, P= 0.028) into bait stations with a 2-strand electric fence ((x) over bar =4.1, SE = 1.8) compared with no fence ((x) over bar= 8.1, SE = 2.4). Finally, in our agriculture trial, we found 64% less damage (chi(2)(2) = 5.77, P= 0.016) to sorghum crops with a 2-strand electric fence ((x) over bar = 4.48, SE = 0.01%) compared with no electric fence ((x) over bar = 12.46, SE = 0.03%). Furthermore we found no (chi(2)(1) = 3.72, P=0.054) wildlife pathways in areas with an electric fence ((x) over bar= 0.0, SE=0.0) compared with no fence ((x) over bar =2.4, SE = 1.3). No electric fence design we tested was 100% pig-proof However, we found electric fencing restricted feral pig movements. Combining electric fencing with other damage control methods in an integrated management program may be the best method for alleviating feral pig damages. C1 [Reidy, Matthew M.; Hewitt, David G.] Texas A&I Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Texas Field Stn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Reidy, MM (reprint author), Texas A&I Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, 700 Univ Blvd,MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM m_reidy82@yahoo.com NR 34 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1018 DI 10.2193/2007-158 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZN UT WOS:000255304700021 ER PT J AU Rosenberger, RS Sperow, M English, DBK AF Rosenberger, Randall S. Sperow, Mark English, Donald B. K. TI Economies in transition and public land-use policy: Discrete duration models of eastern wilderness designation SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS; TIME AB Land-use policies may affect the structure of local economies as they respond to internal and external factors. We apply a discrete duration model to estimate the effect of designated wilderness on the rate and timing of counties' economic transition in the Appalachian Region from 1969 to 2000. Transitions are measured as the year in which non-labor sources of income and services sector employment dominate the aggregate of resource extraction and manufacturing sectors as sources. Marginal effects and elasticities show designated wilderness had no practical effect on rates and timing of transition. C1 [Rosenberger, Randall S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sperow, Mark] W Virginia Univ, Div Resource Management, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [English, Donald B. K.] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rosenberger, RS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 84 IS 2 BP 267 EP 281 PG 15 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303NU UT WOS:000256048000006 ER PT J AU Chang, PK AF Chang, P. -K. TI A highly efficient gene-targeting system for Aspergillus parasiticus SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus parasiticus; gene targeting; homologous integration; ku70 ID AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; PATHWAY; RESISTANCE; DEFICIENT; REPAIR; DAMAGE AB Aims: To establish a system that greatly increases the gene-targeting frequency in Aspergillus parasiticus. Methods and Results: The ku70 gene, a gene of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, was replaced by the nitrate reductase gene (niaD) in A. parasiticus RHN1 that accumulates O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST). The NHEJ-deficient strain, RH Delta ku70, produced conidia, sclerotia and OMST normally. It had identical sensitivity as RHN1 to the DNA-topoisomerase I complex inhibitor, camptothecin, and the DNA-damaging agent, melphalan. For targeting an aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway gene, adhA, partial restriction enzyme recognition sequences in its flanking regions were manipulated to create homologous ends for integration. Using a linearized DNA fragment that contained Aspergillus oryzae pyrithiamine resistance gene (ptr) marker the adhA-targeting frequency in RH Delta ku70 reached 96%. Conclusions: The homologous recombination pathway is primarily responsible for repair of DNA damages in A. parasiticus. The NHEJ-deficient RH Delta ku70, easy creation of homologous ends for integration, and the ptr-based selection form a highly efficient gene-targeting system. It substantially reduces the time and workload necessary to obtain knockout strains for functional studies. Significance and Impact of the Study: The developed system not only streamlines targeted gene replacement and disruption but also can be used to target specific chromosomal locations like promoters or intergenic regions. It will expedite the progresses in the functional genomic studies of A. parasiticus and Aspergilllus flavus. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 587 EP 592 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02345.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 288MY UT WOS:000254991700014 PM 18346134 ER PT J AU Chinevere, TD Kenefick, RW Cheuvront, SN Lukaski, HC Sawka, MN AF Chinevere, Troy D. Kenefick, Robert W. Cheuvront, Samuel N. Lukaski, Henry C. Sawka, Michael N. TI Effect of heat acclimation on sweat minerals SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE calcium; copper; iron; magnesium; zinc ID PROLONGED EXERCISE; TRACE-METALS; WHOLE-BODY; SODIUM; IRON; ZINC; LOSSES; REQUIREMENTS; ALDOSTERONE; RESPONSES AB Purpose: This study examined the impact of 10 d of exercise-heat acclimation on sweat mineral concentrations. Methods: Eight male subjects walked on a treadmill at 3.5 mph, 4% grade for 100 continuous minutes or until rectal temperature reached 39.5 degrees C on 10 consecutive days in an environmental chamber set at 45 degrees C, 20% relative humidity. Arm sweat samples were collected during the first 30 min of exercise-heat stress on days 1 and 10 using a polyethylene arm glove. Results: Final core temperature and HR values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) on day 10 versus day 1. Whole-body sweating rates increased by approximately 6% (P=0.12). Sweat sodium concentration on day 10 (36.22 +/- 7.22 mM) was significantly lower than day 1 (54.49 +/- 16.18 mM) (P < 0.05). Sweat mineral concentrations of calcium (similar to 29%), copper (similar to 50%), and magnesium (similar to 43%) were also significantly lower on day 10 versus day 1 of heat acclimation (P < 0.05). A trend for lower sweat iron (similar to 75%; P=0.07) and zinc (similar to 23%; P=0.10) concentrations were observed from day 1 to day 10. The estimated hourly sweat mineral losses (arm concentration x whole-body sweat rate) were reduced for calcium (similar to 27%), copper (similar to 46%), and magnesium (similar to 42%) (P < 0.05), but not iron (75%) or zinc (similar to 16%) (P > 0.05), from day 1 to day 10. Conclusion: Exercise-heat acclimation conserves arm sweat mineral concentrations and possibly whole-body sweat losses of calcium, copper, and magnesium, and may reduce sweat iron and zinc concentrations. C1 [Chinevere, Troy D.; Kenefick, Robert W.; Cheuvront, Samuel N.; Sawka, Michael N.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Lukaski, Henry C.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Chinevere, TD (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Bldg 42,Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Troy.Chinevere@us.anny.mil NR 39 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 BP 886 EP 891 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181641c04 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 292AH UT WOS:000255238200015 PM 18408609 ER PT J AU Jackson, AS McFarlin, BK Sailors, ML Bray, MS AF Jackson, Andrew S. McFarlin, Brian K. Sailors, Mary L. Bray, Molly S. TI Changes in Body Composition Influence Change in CVD Risk of Diverse Young Women: Tiger Study SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jackson, Andrew S.; McFarlin, Brian K.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Sailors, Mary L.; Bray, Molly S.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM udde@mac.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S55 EP S55 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000321685.85014.31 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070901211 ER PT J AU Phillips, EM Katula, J Miller, ME Walkup, MP King, AC Rejeski, WJ Church, T Fielding, RA AF Phillips, Edward M. Katula, Jeffrey Miller, Michael E. Walkup, Michael P. King, Abby C. Rejeski, W. Jack Church, Tim Fielding, Roger A. TI Interruption of Physical Activity Due to Illness: Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) Trial SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Phillips, Edward M.; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Miller, Michael E.; Walkup, Michael P.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [King, Abby C.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Church, Tim] Louisiana State Univ, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM ephillips1@partners.org RI Katula, Jeffrey/K-5905-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S8 EP S8 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000321481.43936.5d PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070901031 ER PT J AU Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M Humphrey, BD Richards, MP AF Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Monika Humphrey, Brooke D. Richards, Mark P. TI Molecular cloning and expression of chicken carbohydrate response element binding protein and Max-like protein X gene homologues SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ChREBP; Mlx; SREBP-1; LXR; spot 14; chicken; gene expression ID LIPOGENIC ENZYME GENES; PYRUVATE-KINASE GENE; FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; WILLIAMS-BEUREN-SYNDROME; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR LXR; CENTER-DOT-MLX; THYROID-HORMONE; S14 GENE; GLUCOSE REGULATION AB Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) are transcription factors that are known to be key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in mammals. Since ChREBP and its co-activator Max-like protein X (Mlx) have not been identified in birds, the objectives of this work were to clone, sequence, and characterize the genomic organization of ChREBP and Mlx genes and to determine the expression of ChREBP, Mlx, and several related genes including liver X receptor (LXR), SREBP-1 and thyroid hormone responsive Spot 14 (Spot 14) in chickens. Alternative splicing resulted in two ChREBP mRNA transcript variants that code for predicted proteins of 895 and 869 amino acids. The chicken Mlx gene produced a single mRNA transcript that codes for a predicted protein of 245 amino acids. Chicken ChREBP and Mlx predicted proteins shared high amino acid homology with select portions of corresponding mammalian proteins. In chickens, Mlx, SREBP-1, and LXR were expressed at comparable levels in all tissues examined. However, ChREBP demonstrated significant tissue-specific expression with the highest mRNA levels found in liver and duodenum and Spot 14 was expressed predominantly in liver and abdominal fat. Using Western blotting, the presence of ChREBP protein was detected in chicken liver tissue. Our findings add new insight into a potential role for specific transcription factors such as ChREBP and Mlx in the glucose-dependent regulation of lipogenesis in birds. C1 [Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Monika; Richards, Mark P.] USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Res Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Humphrey, Brooke D.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Anim Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Res Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Rm 218,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM monika.weglarz@ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 312 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 184 DI 10.1007/s11010-008-9732-6 PG 18 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 287GR UT WOS:000254905700019 PM 18373069 ER PT J AU Douhan, GW Smith, ME Huyrn, KL Westbrook, A Beerli, P Fisher, AJ AF Douhan, G. W. Smith, M. E. Huyrn, K. L. Westbrook, A. Beerli, P. Fisher, A. J. TI Multigene analysis suggests ecological speciation in the fungal pathogen Claviceps purpurea SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Claviceps; fungi; genealogy; genetic structure; speciation ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; SALT-MARSH HABITATS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERGENCE; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SPECIES RECOGNITION; COALESCENT APPROACH; CRYPTIC SPECIATION; MAGNAPORTHE-ORYZAE; GENE GENEALOGIES AB Claviceps purpurea is an important pathogen of grasses and source of novel chemical compounds. Three groups within this species (G1, G2 and G3) have been recognized based on habitat association, sclerotia and conidia morphology, as well as alkaloid production. These groups have further been supported by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, suggesting this species may be more accurately described as a species complex. However, all divergent ecotypes can coexist in sympatric populations with no obvious physical barriers to prevent gene flow. In this study, we used both phylogenetic and population genetic analyses to test for speciation within C. purpurea using DNA sequences from ITS, a RAS-like locus, and a portion of beta-tubulin. The G1 types are significantly divergent from the G2/G3 types based on each of the three loci and the combined dataset, whereas the G2/G3 types are more integrated with one another. Although the G2 and G3 lineages have not diverged as much as the G1 lineage based on DNA sequence data, the use of three DNA loci does reliably separate the G2 and G3 lineages. However, the population genetic analyses strongly suggest little to no gene flow occurring between the different ecotypes, and we argue that this process is driven by adaptations to ecological habitats; G1 isolates are associated with terrestrial grasses, G2 isolates are found in wet and shady environments, and G3 isolates are found in salt marsh habitats. C1 [Douhan, G. W.; Huyrn, K. L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Smith, M. E.; Westbrook, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Beerli, P.] Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Fisher, A. J.] USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Douhan, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM gdouhan@ucr.edu RI Beerli, Peter/A-3638-2009; Smith, Matthew/A-8115-2012 OI Beerli, Peter/0000-0003-0947-5451; Smith, Matthew/0000-0002-0878-0932 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM078985-02, R01 GM078985-01, R01 GM078985]; PHS HHS [R01 G 078985] NR 79 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2276 EP 2286 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03753.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 290RK UT WOS:000255139700016 PM 18373531 ER PT J AU Coombs, JA Letcher, BH Nislow, KH AF Coombs, J. A. Letcher, B. H. Nislow, K. H. TI CREATE: a software to create input files from diploid genotypic data for 52 genetic software programs SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE computer program; file conversion; file creation; parentage assignment; population genetics; sibship reconstruction ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PARENTAL ALLOCATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MIGRATION RATES; SIBSHIP RECONSTRUCTION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; MICROSATELLITE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; PROGENY ARRAYS AB CREATE is a Windows program for the creation of new and conversion of existing data input files for 52 genetic data analysis software programs. Programs are grouped into areas of sibship reconstruction, parentage assignment, genetic data analysis, and specialized applications. CREATE is able to read in data from text, Microsoft Excel and Access sources and allows the user to specify columns containing individual and population identifiers, birth and death data, sex data, relationship information, and spatial location data. CREATE's only constraints on source data are that one individual is contained in one row, and the genotypic data is contiguous. CREATE is available for download at http://www.lsc.usgs.gov/CAFL/Ecology/Software.html. C1 [Coombs, J. A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Letcher, B. H.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Expt Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Coombs, JA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jcoombs@cns.umass.edu NR 58 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 578 EP 580 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.02036.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 285XU UT WOS:000254810300014 PM 21585837 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Spiewok, S Teixeira, EW Neumann, P AF Evans, J. D. Spiewok, S. Teixeira, E. W. Neumann, P. TI Microsatellite loci for the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, a nest parasite of honey bees SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; honey bee; invasive insect; small hive beetle; social insect ID NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Aethina tumida, a beetle parasite of honey bee colonies, has recently and dramatically expanded its range and now parasitizes honey bees on three continents. Polymorphic microsatellite loci for this beetle species will help map this continuing range expansion, and will also prove useful for exploring the mating system and local gene flow patterns for this important parasite. We describe 15 loci that are polymorphic in both the native and introduced ranges of this species, showing from two to 22 alleles. C1 [Evans, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Spiewok, S.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Teixeira, E. W.] SAA SP, Agcy Paulista Tecnol Agronegocios, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Neumann, P.] Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3033 Bern, Switzerland. [Neumann, P.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Neumann, P.] Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jay.evans@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 698 EP 700 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.02052.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 285XU UT WOS:000254810300052 PM 21585875 ER PT J AU Meyer, JDF Deleu, W Garcia-Mas, J Havey, MJ AF Meyer, J. D. F. Deleu, W. Garcia-Mas, J. Havey, M. J. TI Construction of a fosmid library of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and comparative analyses of the eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E regions from cucumber and melon (Cucumis melo) SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; Cucumis melo; potyvirus resistance; eukaryotic initiation factors; synteny ID YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS; RECESSIVE BYMOVIRUS RESISTANCE; TRANSLATION INITIATION-FACTORS; FACTOR 4E GENE; POTYVIRUS RESISTANCE; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; RELATIVE INCIDENCE; PAPAYA-RINGSPOT; PLANT-VIRUSES; GENOMIC DNA AB A fosmid library of cucumber was synthesized as an unrestricted resource for researchers and used for comparative sequence analyses to assess synteny between the cucumber and melon genomes, both members of the genus Cucumis and the two most economically important plants in the family Cucurbitaceae. End sequencing of random fosmids produced over 680 kilobases of cucumber genomic sequence, of which 25% was similar to ribosomal DNAs, 25% to satellite sequences, 20% to coding regions in other plants, 4% to transposable elements, 13% to mitochondrial and chloroplast sequences, and 13% showed no hits to the databases. The relatively high frequencies of ribosomal and satellite DNAs are consistent with previous analyses of cucumber DNA. Cucumber fosmids were selected and sequenced that carried eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF) 4E and iso(4E), genes associated with recessively inherited resistances to potyviruses in a number of plants. Indels near eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E mapped independently of the zym, a recessive locus conditioning resistance to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, establishing that these candidate genes are not zym. Cucumber sequences were compared with melon BACs carrying eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E and revealed extensive sequence conservation and synteny between cucumber and melon across these two independent genomic regions. This high degree of microsynteny will aid in the cloning of orthologous genes from both species, as well as allow for genomic resources developed for one Cucumis species to be used for analyses in other species. C1 [Havey, M. J.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Dept Hort, Agr Res Serv,Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Deleu, W.; Garcia-Mas, J.] UAB, IRTA, CSIC, Ctr Recerca Agr, Barcelona 08348, Spain. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Dept Hort, Agr Res Serv,Vegetable Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu RI Garcia-Mas, Jordi/B-9694-2012 OI Garcia-Mas, Jordi/0000-0001-7101-9049 NR 49 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 279 IS 5 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.1007/s00438-008-0326-5 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 292HA UT WOS:000255255900004 PM 18273646 ER PT J AU Bekal, S Craig, JP Hudson, ME Niblack, TL Domier, LL Lambert, KN AF Bekal, Sadia Craig, J. P. Hudson, M. E. Niblack, T. L. Domier, L. L. Lambert, K. N. TI Genomic DNA sequence comparison between two inbred soybean cyst nematode biotypes facilitated by massively parallel 454 micro-bead sequencing SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE SNP; indel; Heterodera glycines; DNA; polymorphism; genetic ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MAP; POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; HAPLOTYPE; STRATEGY; DENSITY; QUALITY AB Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is a damaging agricultural pest that could be effectively managed if critical phenotypes, such as virulence and host range could be understood. While SCN is amenable to genetic analysis, lack of DNA sequence data prevents the use of such methods to study this pathogen. Fortunately, new methods of DNA sequencing that produced large amounts of data and permit whole genome comparative analyses have become available. In this study, 400 million bases of genomic DNA sequence were collected from two inbred biotypes of SCN using 454 micro-bead DNA sequencing. Comparisons to a BAC, sequenced by Sanger sequencing, showed that the micro-bead sequences could identify low and high copy number regions within the BAC. Potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the two SCN biotypes were identified by comparing the two sets of sequences. Selected resequencing revealed that up to 84% of the SNPs were correct. We conclude that the quality of the micro-bead sequence data was sufficient for de novo SNP identification and should be applicable to organisms with similar genome sizes and complexities. The SNPs identified will be an important starting point in associating phenotypes with specific regions of the SCN genome. C1 [Domier, L. L.; Lambert, K. N.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lambert, KN (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM knlamber@uiuc.edu RI Hudson, Matthew/A-4438-2008 OI Hudson, Matthew/0000-0002-4737-0936 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 279 IS 5 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.1007/s00438-008-0331-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 292HA UT WOS:000255255900009 PM 18324416 ER PT J AU Swingle, B Thete, D Moll, M Myers, CR Schneider, DJ Cartinhour, S AF Swingle, Bryan Thete, Deepti Moll, Monica Myers, Christopher R. Schneider, David J. Cartinhour, Samuel TI Characterization of the PvdS-regulated promoter motif in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 reveals regulon members and insights regarding PvdS function in other pseudomonads SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; ALTERNATIVE SIGMA-FACTOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RNA-POLYMERASE; PHASEOLICOLA 1448A; IRON ACQUISITION; FACTOR PROTEIN; HRPL REGULON; AERUGINOSA; EXPRESSION AB Bacteria that survive under variable conditions possess an assortment of genetic regulators to meet these challenges. The group IV or extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors regulate gene expression in response to specific environmental signals by altering the promoter specificity of RNA polymerase. We have undertaken a study of PvdS, a group IV sigma factor encoded by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000), a plant pathogen that is likely to encounter variations in nutrient availability as well as plant host defences. The gene encoding PvdS was previously identified by sequence similarity to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa orthologue, which directs transcription of genes encoding the biosynthesis of pyoverdine, a siderophore involved in iron acquisition, and is responsible for the characteristic fluorescence of the pseudomonads. We identified 15 promoters regulated by PvdS in DC3000 and characterized the promoter motif using computational analysis. Mutagenesis of conserved nucleotides within the motif interfered with promoter function and the degree of the effect was different depending on which region of the motif was mutated. Hidden Markov models constructed from alignments of sequence motifs extracted from DC3000 and PAO1 were used to query genomes of DC3000 and other fluorescent pseudomonads for similar motifs. We conclude that the role of PvdS as a regulator of pyoverdine synthesis is conserved among the fluorescent pseudomonads, but the promoters recognized by PvdS orthologues may differ subtly from species to species. C1 [Swingle, Bryan; Moll, Monica; Schneider, David J.; Cartinhour, Samuel] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Swingle, Bryan; Thete, Deepti; Schneider, David J.; Cartinhour, Samuel] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Myers, Christopher R.] Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ctr Adv Comp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Swingle, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Bryan.Swingle@ars.usda.gov RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 NR 58 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 68 IS 4 BP 871 EP 889 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06209.x PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 292KN UT WOS:000255265000009 PM 18363796 ER PT J AU Kachroo, A Fu, DQ Havens, W Navarre, D Kachroo, P Ghabrial, SA AF Kachroo, Aardra Fu, Da-Qi Havens, Wendy Navarre, Duroy Kachroo, Pradeep Ghabrial, Said A. TI An oleic acid-mediated pathway induces constitutive defense signaling and enhanced resistance to multiple pathogens in soybean SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora sojae; Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea; soybean defense ID CARRIER-PROTEIN-DESATURASE; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING-SITE; TURNIP-CRINKLE-VIRUS; SALICYLIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PHYTOPHTHORA RESISTANCE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; CALMODULIN ISOFORMS; LIPID-COMPOSITION AB Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein-desaturase (SACPD)-catalyzed synthesis of oleic acid (18:1) is an essential step in fatty acid biosynthesis. Arabidopsis mutants (ssi2) with reduced SACPD activity accumulate salicylic acid (SA) and exhibit enhanced resistance to multiple pathogens. We show that reduced levels of 18:1 induce similar defense-related phenotypes in soybean. A Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV)-based vector was employed to effectively silence soybean SACPDs. The silenced plants contained reduced 18:1 and increased stearic acid, developed spontaneous cell death lesions. increased SA accumulation, and constitutively expressed pathogenesis-related genes. These plants also expressed elevated levels of resistance-like genes and showed resistance to bacterial and oomycete pathogens. Exogenous application of glycerol induced similar phenotypes, mimicking the effect of silencing SACPDs in healthy soybean plants. Overexpression of a soybean SACPD increased 18:1 levels in ssi2 but not in wild-type Arabidopsis plants, suggesting that the soybean enzyme was under feedback regulation similar to that of the Arabidopsis isozymes. These results suggest that soybean and Arabidopsis respond similarly to 18:1-derived cues by inducing a novel broad-spectrum resistance-conferring pathway, even though they differ significantly in their lipid biosynthetic pathways. We also demonstrate the efficacy of BPMV-induced gene silencing as a tool for functional studies in soybean. C1 [Kachroo, Aardra; Fu, Da-Qi; Havens, Wendy; Kachroo, Pradeep; Ghabrial, Said A.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Navarre, Duroy] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Kachroo, A (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM apkach2@uky.edu NR 65 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 21 IS 5 BP 564 EP 575 DI 10.1094/MPMI-21-5-0564 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 289IO UT WOS:000255048400007 PM 18393616 ER PT J AU Brechenimacher, L Kim, MY Benitez, M Li, M Joshi, T Calla, B Lee, MP Libault, M Vodkin, LO Xu, D Lee, SH Clough, SJ Stacey, G AF Brechenimacher, Laurent Kim, Moon-Young Benitez, Marisol Li, Min Joshi, Trupti Calla, Bernarda Lee, Mei Phing Libault, Marc Vodkin, Lila O. Xu, Dong Lee, Suk-Ha Clough, Steven J. Stacey, Gary TI Transcription profiling of soybean nodulation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Review DE rhizobium ID SUBTILISIN-LIKE PROTEASE; ACTINORHIZAL NODULE DEVELOPMENT; SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXATION; WRKY GENE SUPERFAMILY; CELL-DEATH PROGRAM; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DEFENSE RESPONSE; SALICYLIC-ACID AB Legumes interact with nodulating bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia for plant use. This nitrogen fixation takes place within root nodules that form after infection of root hairs by compatible rhizobia. Using cDNA microarrays, we monitored gene expression in soybean (Glycine max) inoculated with the nodulating bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum 4, 8, and 16 days after inoculation, timepoints that coincide with nodule development and the onset of nitrogen fixation. This experiment identified several thousand genes that were differentially expressed in response to B. japonicum inoculation. Expression of 27 genes was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and their expression patterns mimicked the microarray results, confirming integrity of analyses. The microarray results suggest that B. japonicum reduces plant defense responses during nodule development. In addition, the data revealed a high level of regulatory complexity (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, post-translational) that is likely essential for development of the symbiosis and adjustment to an altered nutritional status. C1 [Brechenimacher, Laurent; Libault, Marc; Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci & Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kim, Moon-Young; Lee, Suk-Ha] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Benitez, Marisol; Li, Min; Calla, Bernarda; Lee, Mei Phing; Vodkin, Lila O.; Clough, Steven J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Joshi, Trupti; Xu, Dong] Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Clough, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Stacey, G (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci & Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM staecyg@missouri.edu RI Clough, Steven/E-6815-2011 NR 118 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 21 IS 5 BP 631 EP 645 DI 10.1094/MPMI-21-5-0631 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 289IO UT WOS:000255048400014 PM 18393623 ER PT J AU Tripathi, S Suzuki, JY Ferreira, SA Gonsalves, D AF Tripathi, Savarni Suzuki, Jon Y. Ferreira, Stephen A. Gonsalves, Dennis TI Papaya ringspot virus-P: characteristics, pathogenicity, sequence variability and control SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; CROSS-PROTECTION; TRANSGENIC PAPAYA; HC-PRO; RESISTANCE; POTYVIRUS; STRAINS; TOBACCO; TAIWAN; RNA AB Taconomy: Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is an aphid-transmitted plant virus belonging to the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae, with a positive sense RNA genome. PRSV isolates belong to either one of two major strains, P or W. The P strains infect both papaya and cucurbits whereas the W strains infect only cucurbits. Geographical distribution: PRSV-P is found in all major papaya-growing areas. Physical porperties: Virions are filamentous, non-enveloped and flexuous measuring 760-800 x 12 nm. Virus particles contain 94.5% protein and 5.5% nucleic acid. The protein component consists of the virus coat protein (CP), which has a molecular weight of about 36 kDa as estimated by Western blot analysis. Density of the sedimenting component in purified PRSV preparations is 1.32 g/cm(3) in CsCl. Genome: The PRSV genome consists of a unipartite linear single-stranded positive sense RNA of 10 326 nucleotides with a 5' terminus, genome-linked protein, VPg. Transmission: The virus is naturally transmitted via aphids in a non-persistent manner. Both the CP and helper component (HC-Pro) are required for vector transmission. This virus can also be transmitted mechanically, and is typically not seed-transmitted. Hosts: PRSV has a limited number of hosts belonging to the families Caricaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Cucurbitaceae. Propagation hosts are: Carica papaya, Cucurbita pepo and Cucumis metuliferus cv. accession 2459. Local lesion assay hosts are: Chenopodium quinoa and Chenopodium amaranticolor. Control: Two transgenic papaya varieties, Rainbow and SunUp, with engineered resistance to PRSV have been commercially grown in Hawaii since 1998. Besides transgenic resistance, tolerant varieties, cross-protection and other cultural practices such as isolation and rogueing of infected plants are used to manage the disease. C1 [Tripathi, Savarni; Suzuki, Jon Y.; Gonsalves, Dennis] USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Ferreira, Stephen A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Tripathi, S (reprint author), USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM Savarni.Tripathi@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Tripathi, Savarni/A-6910-2009 NR 80 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 9 IS 3 BP 269 EP 280 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2008.00467.X PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 289NN UT WOS:000255061300001 PM 18705869 ER PT J AU Lindner, DL Banik, MT AF Lindner, Daniel L. Banik, Mark T. TI Molecular phylogeny of Laetiporus and other brown rot polypore genera in North America SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE evolution; fungi; Macrohyporia; Polyporaceae; Poria; root rot; sulfur shelf; Wolfiporia extensa ID WOOD-ROTTING FUNGI; PORIA-COCOS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; SULPHUREUS; INCOMPATIBILITY; ANTIOXIDANT; SCLEROTIUM; EVOLUTION; INFERENCE; MRBAYES AB Phylogenetic relationships were investigated among North American species of Laetiporus, Leptoporus, Phaeolus, Pycnoporellus and Wolfiporia using ITS, nuclear large subunit and mitochondrial small subunit rDNA sequences. Members of these genera have poroid hymenophores, simple septate hyphae and cause brown rots in a variety of substrates. Analyses indicate that Laetiporus and Wolfiporia are not monophyletic. All North American Laetiporus species formed a well Supported monophyletic group (the "core Laetiporus clade" or Laetiporus s.s.) with the exception of L. persicinus, which showed little affinity for an), genus for which sequence data are available. Based on data from GenBank, the southern hemisphere species L. portentosus also fell well outside the core Laetiporus clade. Wolfiporia dilatohypha was found to represent a sister group to the core Laetiporus clade. Isolates of Phaeolus, Pycnoporellus and members of the core Laetiporus clade all fell within the Antrodia clade of polypores, while Leptoporus mollis and Laetiporus portentosus fell within the phlebioid clade of polypores. Wolfiporia cocos isolates also fell in the Antrodia clade, in contrast to previous Studies that. placed W cocos in the core polyporoid clade. ITS analyses resolved eight clades within Laetiporus s.s., three of which might represent undescribed species. A combined analysis using the three DNA regions resolved Five major clades within Laetiporus s.s.: a clade containing conifer-Inhabiting species ("Conifericola clade"), a clade containing L. cincinnatus ("Cincinnatus clade"), a clade containing L. sulphureus s.s. isolates with yellow pores ("Sulphureus clade I"), a clade containing L. sulphureus s.s. isolates with white pores ("Sulphureus clade II") and a clade containing L. gilbertsonii and unidentified isolates from the Caribbean ("Gilbertsonii clade"). Although there is strong support. for groups within the core Laetiporus clade, relationships among these groups remain poorly resolved. C1 [Lindner, Daniel L.; Banik, Mark T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Madison Field, Off No Res Stn,Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Lindner, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Madison Field, Off No Res Stn,Ctr Forest Mycol Res, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dlindner@wisc.edu NR 43 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 417 EP 430 DI 10.3852/07-124R2 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 338GP UT WOS:000258494800007 PM 18751549 ER PT J AU Martinez, D Berka, RM Henrissat, B Saloheimo, M Arvas, M Baker, SE Chapman, J Chertkov, O Coutinho, PM Cullen, D Danchin, EGJ Grigoriev, IV Harris, P Jackson, M Kubicek, CP Han, CS Ho, I Larrondo, LF de Leon, AL Magnuson, JK Merino, S Misra, M Nelson, B Putnam, N Robbertse, B Salamov, AA Schmoll, M Terry, A Thayer, N Westerholm-Parvinen, A Schoch, CL Yao, J Barbote, R Nelson, MA Detter, C Bruce, D Kuske, CR Xie, G Richardson, P Rokhsar, DS Lucas, SM Rubin, EM Dunn-Coleman, N Ward, M Brettin, TS AF Martinez, Diego Berka, Randy M. Henrissat, Bernard Saloheimo, Markku Arvas, Mikko Baker, Scott E. Chapman, Jarod Chertkov, Olga Coutinho, Pedro M. Cullen, Dan Danchin, Etienne G. J. Grigoriev, Igor V. Harris, Paul Jackson, Melissa Kubicek, Christian P. Han, Cliff S. Ho, Isaac Larrondo, Luis F. de Leon, Alfredo Lopez Magnuson, Jon K. Merino, Sandy Misra, Monica Nelson, Beth Putnam, Nicholas Robbertse, Barbara Salamov, Asaf A. Schmoll, Monika Terry, Astrid Thayer, Nina Westerholm-Parvinen, Ann Schoch, Conrad L. Yao, Jian Barbote, Ravi Nelson, Mary Anne Detter, Chris Bruce, David Kuske, Cheryl R. Xie, Gary Richardson, Paul Rokhsar, Daniel S. Lucas, Susan M. Rubin, Edward M. Dunn-Coleman, Nigel Ward, Michael Brettin, Thomas S. TI Genome sequencing and analysis of the biomass-degrading fungus Trichoderma reesei (syn. Hypocrea jecorina) SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPE; CELL-WALL; WILD-TYPE; CELLULASE; EVOLUTIONARY; ENZYMES; PROTEIN; LIGNOCELLULOSE; FUMIGATUS; REVEALS AB Trichoderma reesei is the main industrial source of cellulases and hemicellulases used to depolymerize biomass to simple sugars that are converted to chemical intermediates and biofuels, such as ethanol. We assembled 89 scaffolds (sets of ordered and oriented contigs) to generate 34 Mbp of nearly contiguous T. reesei genome sequence comprising 9,129 predicted gene models. Unexpectedly, considering the industrial utility and effectiveness of the carbohydrate-active enzymes of T. reesei, its genome encodes fewer cellulases and hemicellulases than any other sequenced fungus able to hydrolyze plant cell wall polysaccharides. Many T. reesei genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes are distributed nonrandomly in clusters that lie between regions of synteny with other Sordariomycetes. Numerous genes encoding biosynthetic pathways for secondary metabolites may promote survival of T. reesei in its competitive soil habitat, but genome analysis provided little mechanistic insight into its extraordinary capacity for protein secretion. Our analysis, coupled with the genome sequence data, provides a roadmap for constructing enhanced T. reesei strains for industrial applications such as biofuel production. C1 [Martinez, Diego; Chertkov, Olga; Jackson, Melissa; Han, Cliff S.; Misra, Monica; Thayer, Nina; Barbote, Ravi; Detter, Chris; Bruce, David; Kuske, Cheryl R.; Xie, Gary] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Berka, Randy M.; Harris, Paul; de Leon, Alfredo Lopez; Merino, Sandy; Nelson, Beth] Novozymes Inc, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Henrissat, Bernard; Coutinho, Pedro M.; Danchin, Etienne G. J.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, AFMB, CNRS, UMR 6098,Case 932, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Henrissat, Bernard; Coutinho, Pedro M.; Danchin, Etienne G. J.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, AFMB, CNRS, UMR 6098,Case 932, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Saloheimo, Markku; Arvas, Mikko; Westerholm-Parvinen, Ann] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, Espoo 02044, Finland. [Baker, Scott E.; Magnuson, Jon K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Chapman, Jarod; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Ho, Isaac; Putnam, Nicholas; Salamov, Asaf A.; Terry, Astrid; Richardson, Paul; Rokhsar, Daniel S.; Lucas, Susan M.; Rubin, Edward M.; Brettin, Thomas S.] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Cullen, Dan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kubicek, Christian P.; Schmoll, Monika] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Chem Engn, Res Area Gene Technol & Appl Biochem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Larrondo, Luis F.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Santiago, Chile. [Larrondo, Luis F.] Millenium Inst Fundamental & Appl Biol, Santiago, Chile. [Robbertse, Barbara; Schoch, Conrad L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yao, Jian; Ward, Michael] Genencor Int, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Dunn-Coleman, Nigel] AlerGenetiCa SL, Tenerife, Spain. [Martinez, Diego; Nelson, Mary Anne] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Martinez, D (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM admar@unm.edu RI Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Larrondo, Luis/J-1086-2016; Barabote, Ravi/C-1299-2017; Coutinho, Pedro/C-4473-2008; Arvas, Mikko/A-4757-2011; Barabote, Ravi/B-8727-2011; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Larrondo, Luis/A-2916-2013; Danchin, Etienne/A-6648-2008; OI Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; Larrondo, Luis/0000-0002-8832-7109; Barabote, Ravi/0000-0002-0403-246X; Arvas, Mikko/0000-0002-6902-8488; Danchin, Etienne/0000-0003-4146-5608; Schmoll, Monika/0000-0003-3918-0574; xie, gary/0000-0002-9176-924X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM060201] NR 49 TC 523 Z9 558 U1 12 U2 173 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1038/nbt1403 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 299LJ UT WOS:000255756800028 PM 18454138 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR Adeli, A Tewolde, H Brink, GE AF Sistani, K. R. Adeli, A. Tewolde, H. Brink, G. E. TI Broiler chicken litter application timing effect on Coastal bermudagrass in southeastern US SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE broiler litter; poultry manure; bermudagrass; forage ID NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; SWINE EFFLUENT; POULTRY LITTER; COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; CULTIVARS AB Presently, more than 85% of the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter (BCL) is being applied to pasture lands year-round. This practice results in nutrient losses and potentially unfavorable environmental impacts particularly during the wet winter months. A field plot experiment was initiated in 2001 on a Ruston silt loam in Mize, MS to identify the proper BCL application timing that enhances BCL nutrient uptake by crops while minimizing undesirable nutrient buildup in soil. Seven treatments (BCL application timings) were employed on previously established "Coastal" hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] plots. For each treatment, the quantity of broiler chicken litter (a mixture of chicken manure plus bedding materials) needed for each plot was calculated based on the BCL total N content to provide 400 kg N ha(-1) for top bermudagrass yield (18 Mg ha(-1)) and applied either as a single, two-way split, or three-way split at different dates as follow: May; May/June; April/May/June; May/June/July; June/July/August; July/August/September; and August/September/October. Bermudagrass was harvested 5 times each year for dry matter (DM) and nutrient uptake determination. Significant differences in DM yield were observed in each year among application timings. The greatest DM yield was 18.6 Mg ha(-1) for the single application in May and lowest at 15.0 Mg ha(-1) for Aug/Sep/Oct application dates in 2001 and followed by the same trend in 2002. The N and P uptake by bermudagrass ranged from 270 to 381, and 53 to 63 kg ha(-1) respectively, in 2001. Similar trend, but lower values for nutrient uptake were observed in 2002. Significant differences were observed among BCL application timings in regard to soil residual of total carbon (TC), total nitogen (TN), Mehlich 3 extracted P (M3-P), NO(3)-N, Cu, and Fe elements at the end of the study. In general, summer and early fall BCL applications resulted in greater buildup of most of these elements. Based on the results of this study, there is a wide window (May-July) for BCL application timing on bermudagrass considering the criteria of producing high yield and low soil residual nutrient. However, the best BCL application timing should be in spring (late April-June) when minimum temperatures exceed those required (24-27 degrees C) for bermudagrass growth. C1 [Sistani, K. R.; Tewolde, H.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Adeli, A.] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Brink, G. E.] USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM ksistani@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s10705-007-9150-2 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 287GT UT WOS:000254905900005 ER PT J AU Liu, C Russell, RM AF Liu, Chun Russell, Robert M. TI Nutrition and gastric cancer risk: an update SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE gastric cancer; nutrition ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS; MULTICENTER CASE-CONTROL; SALTED FOOD-INTAKE; STOMACH-CANCER; SERUM SELENIUM; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; BETA-CAROTENE; ASCORBIC-ACID AB Data from epidemiologic, experimental, and animal studies indicate that diet plays an important role in the etiology of gastric cancer. High intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, lycopene and lycopene-containing food products, and potentially vitamin C and selenium may reduce the risk for gastric cancer. Data also suggest that high intake of nitrosamines, processed meat products, salt and salted foods, and overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for gastric cancer. However, current data provide little support for an association of beta-carotene, vitamin E, and alcohol consumption with risk for gastric cancer. (C) 2008 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 [Liu, Chun; Russell, Robert M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chun.liu@tufts.edu NR 121 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 66 IS 5 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00029.x PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 295SP UT WOS:000255494500001 PM 18454810 ER PT J AU Dror, DK Allen, LH AF Dror, Daphna K. Allen, Lindsay H. TI Effect of vitamin B-12 deficiency on neurodevelopment in infants: current knowledge and possible mechanisms SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE deficiency; infant; neurodevelopment; vitamin B12 ID MATERNAL PERNICIOUS-ANEMIA; BREAST-FED INFANT; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; DEVELOPMENTAL REGRESSION; MEGALOBLASTIC-ANEMIA; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; VEGETARIAN MOTHERS; GASTRIC BYPASS; HOMOCYSTEINE AB Severe vitamin B-12 deficiency produces a cluster of neurological symptoms in infants, including irritability, failure to thrive, apathy, anorexia, and developmental regression, which respond remarkably rapidly to supplementation. The underlying mechanisms may involve delayed myelination or demyelination of nerves; alteration in the S-adenosylmethionine:S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio; imbalance of neurotrophic and neurotoxic cytokines; and/or accumulation of lactate in brain cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning infantile vitamin B-12 deficiency, including a pooled analysis of case studies of infants born to mothers with untreated pernicious anemia or a strict vegetarian lifestyle and a discussion of the mechanisms that may underlie the manifestations of deficiency. (C) 2008 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 [Dror, Daphna K.; Allen, Lindsay H.] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dror, Daphna K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Dror, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dkdror@ucdavis.edu NR 56 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 8 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 66 IS 5 BP 250 EP 255 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00031.x PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 295SP UT WOS:000255494500002 PM 18454811 ER PT J AU Martini, LA Wood, RJ AF Martini, Ligia A. Wood, Richard J. TI Vitamin D and blood pressure connection: update on epidemiologic, clinical, and mechanistic evidence SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE angiotensin; blood pressure; cholecalciferol; hypertension; renin ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; MINERAL METABOLISM; DIETARY PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney disease. High blood pressure is a growing public health problem that is expected to affect 1.6 billion people worldwide by the year 2025. In light of emerging evidence of a widespread global problem of vitamin D deficiency, there has been increasing interest concerning the role of vitamin D in chronic disease. The recent publication of several studies, highlighted in this brief review, supports an association between vitamin D status and blood pressure. It remains to be determined what level of vitamin D status needs to be achieved in different subpopulations to assure the maximum benefit of vitamin D status on blood pressure. (C) 2008 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 [Wood, Richard J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Mineral Bioavailability Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Martini, Ligia A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Mineral Bioavailability Lab, 711 Wahington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM richard.wood@tufts.edu RI Martini, Ligia/C-7279-2012 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 66 IS 5 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00035.x PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 295SP UT WOS:000255494500006 PM 18454816 ER PT J AU Qi, L Zhang, CL Greenberg, A Hu, FB AF Qi, Lu Zhang, Cuilin Greenberg, Andrew Hu, Frank B. TI Common variations in perilipin gene, central obesity, and risk of type 2 diabetes in US women SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; METABOLIC-SYNDROME; LIPID-METABOLISM; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; 11482G-GREATER-THAN-A POLYMORPHISM; ENERGY-BALANCE; VISCERAL FAT; HAPLOTYPE; ASSOCIATION AB Objective: The variations in perilipin gene (PLIN) were previously associated with obesity and insulin sensitivity. We examined whether PLIN variability was associated with diabetes risk and obesity status modified such associations. Methods and Procedures: We conducted a nested case-control study of 431 incident cases of type 2 diabetes and 791 healthy control women from the Nurses' Health Study. Obesity was defined by BMI or waist circumference (central obesity). Results: In the sample of all participants, PLIN variations were not significantly associated with the incidence of diabetes. The central obesity status (by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition of waist circumference > 35 inches) significantly interacted with PLIN polymorphisms in relation to diabetes risk (P for interaction = 0.027, 0.009, and 0.02 for rs2289487, rs8179043, and rs894160, respectively). In nonobese (central) women, carriers of rs2289487, rs8179043, and rs894160 had significantly greater risk of type 2 diabetes, adjusting for diabetes risk factors (odds ratio (OR) = 1.52, 1.03-2.25; 1.54, 1.07-2.23; and 1.57, 1.09-2.27, respectively). Haplotypes possessing the three polymorphisms were also significantly associated with diabetes risk (global test, P = 0.01). As compared with the most common haplotype 111, haplotype 222 and 211 (1 codes the common and 2 codes the minor alleles) were associated with 44% (OR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.91; P = 0.01) and 70% (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.04-2.77; P = 0.03) greater risk, respectively. The PLIN variations were not significantly associated with the disease risk among women with central obesity. Discussion: Our data indicate that central obesity may modify the associations between PLIN variations and diabetes risk in women. C1 [Qi, Lu; Hu, Frank B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Zhang, Cuilin] NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol, Rockville, MD USA. [Greenberg, Andrew] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Agr Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hu, Frank B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Qi, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM nhlqi@channing.harvard.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA87969, P01 CA087969]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK58845, R01 DK058845] NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAY PY 2008 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1061 EP 1065 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.26 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 297DP UT WOS:000255597600020 PM 18356850 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Woodruff, DR Domec, JC Goldstein, G Campanello, PI Gatti, MG Villalobos-Vega, R AF Meinzer, Frederick C. Woodruff, David R. Domec, Jean-Christophe Goldstein, Guillermo Campanello, Paula I. Gatti, M. Genoveva Villalobos-Vega, Randol TI Coordination of leaf and stem water transport properties in tropical forest trees SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE capacitance; stomata; transpiration; turgor; xylem vulnerability ID NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA TREES; STOMATAL CONTROL; CANOPY TREES; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GAS-EXCHANGE; WOOD DENSITY; STORED WATER; DRY FOREST AB Stomatal regulation of transpiration constrains leaf water potential (Psi(L)) within species-specific ranges that presumably avoid excessive tension and embolism in the stem xylem upstream. However, the hydraulic resistance of leaves can be highly variable over short time scales, uncoupling tension in the xylem of leaves from that in the stems to which they are attached. We evaluated a suite of leaf and stem functional traits governing water relations in individuals of 11 lowland tropical forest tree species to determine the manner in which the traits were coordinated with stem xylem vulnerability to embolism. Stomatal regulation of Psi(L) was associated with minimum values of water potential in branches (Psi(br)) whose functional significance was similar across species. Minimum values of Psi(br) coincided with the bulk sapwood tissue osmotic potential at zero turgor derived from pressure-volume curves and with the transition from a linear to exponential increase in xylem embolism with increasing sapwood water deficits. Branch xylem pressure corresponding to 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P (50)) declined linearly with daily minimum Psi(br) in a manner that caused the difference between Psi(br) and P (50) to increase from 0.4 MPa in the species with the least negative Psi(br) to 1.2 MPa in the species with the most negative Psi(br). Both branch P (50) and minimum Psi(br) increased linearly with sapwood capacitance (C) such that the difference between Psi(br) and P (50), an estimate of the safety margin for avoiding runaway embolism, decreased with increasing sapwood C. The results implied a trade-off between maximizing water transport and minimizing the risk of xylem embolism, suggesting a prominent role for the buffering effect of C in preserving the integrity of xylem water transport. At the whole-tree level, discharge and recharge of internal C appeared to generate variations in apparent leaf-specific conductance to which stomata respond dynamically. C1 [Meinzer, Frederick C.; Woodruff, David R.] USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Domec, Jean-Christophe] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environ Resource, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Goldstein, Guillermo; Villalobos-Vega, Randol] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Campanello, Paula I.; Gatti, M. Genoveva] Univ Buenos Aires, Lab Ecol Func, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferso Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 53 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2008 VL 156 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-0974-5 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 289DD UT WOS:000255034300004 PM 18253753 ER PT J AU Thines, NJ Shipley, LA Bassman, JH Slusser, JR Gao, W AF Thines, Nicole J. Shipley, Lisa A. Bassman, John H. Slusser, James R. Gao, Wei TI UV-B effects on the nutritional chemistry of plants and the responses of a mammalian herbivore SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE blue duikers; digestion; flavonoids; secondary compounds; UV-B ID OZONE DEPLETION; CEPHALOPHUS-MONTICOLA; POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; DRY-MATTER; RADIATION; GROWTH; GREENHOUSE; QUALITY; LEAVES AB Stratospheric ozone depletion has caused ground-level ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation to rise in temperate latitudes of both hemispheres. Because the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the nutrition of food consumed by mammalian herbivores are unknown, we measured nutritional and chemical constituents of 18 forages and related changes to in vitro dry matter digestibility. We also measured intake and in vivo digestibility of Pacific willow (Salix lasiandra) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by blue duikers (Cephalophus monticola). Forages were irradiated for 3 months with ambient (1x) or supplemental (1.6x) UV-B radiation representing a 15% ozone depletion for Pullman, Washington, USA. Enhanced UV-B radiation had minimal and inconsistent effects on the nutritional content, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and protein-binding capacity of forages. However, flavonoid compounds increased in seven of the 13 forbs and woody dicots that were evaluated. Flavonoids were found to decrease only in yarrow (Achillea millefolium). When offered simultaneously, blue duikers preferred 1x and 1.6x UV-B irradiated plants of alfalfa equally, but ate 26% less willow grown under 1.6x UV-B radiation. However, when fed to duikers in separate feeding experiments, total dry matter intake and in vivo digestibility of dry matter, fiber, protein, and apparent energy did not differ between alfalfa and willow grown under 1x and 1.6x UV-B radiation. We conclude that expected increases in UV-B radiation from ozone depletion would have minimal effects on intake and digestion of ruminant herbivores. C1 [Thines, Nicole J.; Shipley, Lisa A.; Bassman, John H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Slusser, James R.; Gao, Wei] USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Thines, NJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM nikkithines@yahoo.com RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2008 VL 156 IS 1 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-0978-1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 289DD UT WOS:000255034300013 PM 18274780 ER PT J AU Oliver, RP Lord, A Rybak, K Faris, JD Solomon, PS AF Oliver, R. P. Lord, A. Rybak, K. Faris, J. D. Solomon, P. S. TI Emergence of tan spot disease caused by toxigenic Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in Australia is not associated with increased deployment of toxin-sensitive cultivars SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horizontal gene transfer; phylogeography ID YELLOW SPOT; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; MIGRATION PATTERNS; SINGLE TILLERS; YIELD LOSSES; WHEAT; PATHOGEN; NODORUM; EPIDEMICS; VIRULENCE AB The wheat disease tan (or yellow leaf) spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, was first described in the period 1934 to 1941 in Canada, India. and the United States. It was first noted in Australia in 1953 and only became a serious disease in the 1970s. The emergence of this disease has recently been linked to the acquisition by P. tritici-repentis of the ToxA gene from the wheat leaf and glume blotch pathogen, Stagonospora nodorum. ToxA encodes a host-specific toxin that interacts with the product of the wheat gene Tsn1. Interaction of ToxA with the dominant allele of Tsn1 causes host necrosis. P tritici-repentis races lacking ToxA dive minor indistinct lesions on wheat lines, whereas wheat lines expressing the recessive tsn1 are significantly less susceptible to the disease. Although the emergence and spread of tan spot had been attributed to the adoption of minimum tillage practices, we wished to test the alternative idea that the planting of Tsn1 wheat lines may have contributed to the establishment of the pathogen in Australia. To do this, wheat cultivars released in Australia from 1911 to 1986 were tested for their sensitivity to ToxA. Prior to 1941, 16% of wheat cultivars were ToxA-insensitive and hence, all other factors being equal, would be more resistant to the disease. Surprisingly, only one of the cultivars released since 1940 was ToxA insensitive, and the area planted to ToxA-insensitive cultivars varied from 0 to a maximum of only 14% in New South Wales. Thus, the majority of the cultivars were ToxA-sensitive both before and during the period of emergence and spread of the disease. We therefore conclude that the spread of P. tritici-repentis in Australia cannot be causally linked to the deployment of ToxA-sensitive cultivars. C1 [Oliver, R. P.; Lord, A.; Rybak, K.; Solomon, P. S.] Murdoch Univ, SABC, Australian Ctr Plant Pathogens, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Faris, J. D.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Oliver, RP (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, SABC, Australian Ctr Plant Pathogens, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. EM rolivcr@murdoch.edu.au RI Oliver, Richard/D-1166-2009; Solomon, Peter/C-9301-2009 OI Solomon, Peter/0000-0002-5130-7307 NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 98 IS 5 BP 488 EP 491 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-5-0488 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 290SZ UT WOS:000255143800001 PM 18943215 ER PT J AU Evoniuk, JM Johnson, ML Borowicz, PP Caton, JS Vonnahme, KA Reynolds, LP Taylor, JB Stoltenow, CL O'Rourke, KJ Redmer, DA AF Evoniuk, J. M. Johnson, M. L. Borowicz, P. P. Caton, J. S. Vonnahme, K. A. Reynolds, L. P. Taylor, J. B. Stoltenow, C. L. O'Rourke, K. J. Redmer, D. A. TI Effects of nutrition and genotype on prion protein (PrPC) gene expression in the fetal and maternal sheep placenta SO PLACENTA LA English DT Article DE cellular prion protein; PrPC; trophoblast; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; sheep pregnancy; prion protein genotype; PRNP; nutrition restriction ID SCRAPIE-INFECTED SHEEP; CELLULAR PRION; NATURAL SCRAPIE; BINUCLEATE CELLS; PREGNANCY; ACCUMULATION; GROWTH; LOCALIZATION; BRAIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB For placental transmission of scrapie to occur, the normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) must be converted to an abnormal infectious form known as PrPSc. PrPC genotype influences susceptibility to contracting scrapie, but we still do not understand whether genotype or expression levels of PrPC are important in transmission of scrapie. Some evidence exists that nutrition affects expression levels of PrPC. Thus, we evaluated the effects of genotype and nutrition on PrPC mRNA and protein expression in adolescent ewes fed at control (100% of National Research Council [NRC] requirements) or restricted (60% of NRC) levels of diet intake during two periods of pregnancy (days 50-90 and days 90-130)]. Gravid uteri (n = 50) from singleton pregnancies were collected at day 130, and placentomes were either separated into caruncular (CAR; maternal) or cotyledonary (COT; fetal) placenta and snap-frozen for PrPC mRNA expression or perfusion fixed for PrPC protein expression. PrPC genotypes were determined (codons 136 and 171) using SNP assay. There were no genotype effects on PrPC mRNA expression in CAR or on PrPC protein expression in either CAR or COT, but PrPC mRNA expression in COT was greater (P < 0.02) when codon 136 was homozygous for alanine. Some PrPC protein-positive cells were found in the epithelium of CAR, but most were found in trophoblast binucleate and mononucleate cells of COT. In CAR, from days 90 to 130, PrPC protein abundance was greater (P = 0.003) in diet-restricted ewes than in control ewes, but was less uniformly distributed (P < 0.007). Additionally, in COT, from days 90 to 130, PrPC protein was less uniformly distributed (P < 0.01) in diet-restricted ewes. The localized increase in PrPC protein expression, found in ewes diet-restricted late in pregnancy, may suggest a protective role for PrPC in placental biology. Further study is needed to evaluate whether nutrition, PrPC genotype, and PrPC expression levels influence placental transmission of scrapie. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Evoniuk, J. M.; Johnson, M. L.; Borowicz, P. P.; Caton, J. S.; Vonnahme, K. A.; Reynolds, L. P.; Stoltenow, C. L.; Redmer, D. A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Taylor, J. B.] USDA ARS, USSES, Dubois, ID USA. [O'Rourke, K. J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Redmer, DA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, 1300 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM dale.redmer@ndsu.edu RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR016741] NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0143-4004 J9 PLACENTA JI Placenta PD MAY PY 2008 VL 29 IS 5 BP 422 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.02.003 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 299PN UT WOS:000255767600006 PM 18358531 ER PT J AU Salman-Minkov, A Levi, A Wolf, S Trebitsh, T AF Salman-Minkov, Ayelet Levi, Amnon Wolf, Shmuel Trebitsh, Tova TI ACC synthase genes are polymorphic in watermelon (Citrullus spp.) and differentially expressed in flowers and in response to auxin and gibberellin SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACC synthase; ethylene; flower development; restriction fragment length polymorphism; sequence tagged site markers ID CUCUMIS-MELO L.; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID ACC; SEX EXPRESSION; OXIDASE GENES; LINKAGE MAP; CULTIVATED WATERMELON; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; COLOCYNTHIS; DIVERSITY AB The flowering pattern of watermelon species (Citrullus spp.) is either monoecious or andromonoecious. Ethylene is known to play a critical role in floral sex determination of cucurbit species. In contrast to its feminizing effect in cucumber and melon, in watermelon ethylene promotes male flower development. In cucumber, the rate-limiting enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS), regulates unisexual flower development. To investigate the role of ethylene in flower development, we isolated four genomic sequences of ACS from watermelon (CitACS1-4). Both CitACS1 and CitACS3 are expressed in floral tissue. CitACS1 is also expressed in vegetative tissue and it may be involved in cell growth processes. Expression of CitACS1 is up-regulated by exogenous treatment with auxin, gibberellin or ACC, the immediate precursor of ethylene. No discernible differential floral sex-dependent expression pattern was observed for this gene. The CitACS3 gene is expressed in open flowers and in young staminate floral buds (male or hermaphrodite), but not in female flowers. CitACS3 is also up-regulated by ACC, and is likely to be involved in ethylene-regulated anther development. The expression of CitACS2 was not detected in vegetative or reproductive organs but was up-regulated by auxin. CitACS4 transcript was not detected under our experimental conditions. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence tagged site (STS) marker analyses of the CitACS genes showed polymorphism among and within the different Citrullus groups, including watermelon cultivars, Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus, the central subspecies Citrullus lanatus var. citroides, and the desert species Citrullus colocynthis (L). C1 [Salman-Minkov, Ayelet; Trebitsh, Tova] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Levi, Amnon] ARS, USDA, US Veg Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Wolf, Shmuel] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Trebitsh, T (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM trebitsh@bgu.ac.il NR 51 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 49 IS 5 BP 740 EP 750 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcn045 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 305JD UT WOS:000256173400006 PM 18367517 ER PT J AU Jain, V Kaiser, W Huber, SC AF Jain, Vanita Kaiser, Werner Huber, Steven C. TI Cytokinin inhibits the proteasome-mediated degradation of carbonylated proteins in Arabidopsis leaves SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; autophagy; cytokinin; protein carbonylation; protein degradation; proteasomes ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; OXIDIZED PROTEINS; LEAF SENESCENCE; EXPRESSION; AUTOPHAGY; NITROGEN; GROWTH; PLANTS; 3-METHYLADENINE; IDENTIFICATION AB Under normal conditions, plants contain numerous carbonylated proteins, which are thought to be indicative of oxidative stress damage. Conditions that promote formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) enhance protein carbonylation, and protein degradation is required to reverse the damage. However, it is not clear how the degradation of carbonylated proteins is controlled in planta. In this report, we show that detached Arabidopsis leaves rapidly and selectively degrade carbonylated proteins when kept in the dark. The loss of carbonylated proteins corresponded to a loss of soluble protein and accumulation of free amino acids. Degradation of carbonylated proteins and the loss of soluble protein was blocked by MG132 but not 3-methyladenine, suggesting that the 26S proteasome pathway rather than the autophagic pathway was involved. Consistent with this, rpn10 and rpn12 mutants, which are defective in proteasome function, had increased (rather than decreased) levels of carbonylated proteins when detached in the dark. Feeding metabolites (amino acids and sucrose) to detached leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis in the dark had little or no effect on the loss of carbonylated proteins, whereas providing soybean xylem sap via the transpiration stream effectively prevented degradation. The effect of xylem sap was mimicked by feeding 10 mu M kinetin. We postulate that disruption of cytokinin flux to detached leaves triggers the selective degradation of carbonylated proteins via the proteasome pathway. The results may have implications for the control of protein mobilization in response to changes in N availability. C1 [Jain, Vanita; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kaiser, Werner] Lehrstuhl Mol Pflanzenphys & Biophys, Julius von Sachs Inst Biowissensch, D-97082 Wurzburg, Germany. [Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@uiuc.edu NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 49 IS 5 BP 843 EP 852 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcn060 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 305JD UT WOS:000256173400014 PM 18420596 ER PT J AU Sperry, JS Meinzer, FC McCulloh, KA AF Sperry, John S. Meinzer, Frederick C. McCulloh, Katherine A. TI Safety and efficiency conflicts in hydraulic architecture: scaling from tissues to trees SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE capacitance; ecological wood anatomy; hydraulic limits to tree height; Murray's law; safety versus efficiency; vascular design; xylem structure and function; xylem vessel taper ID STEM WATER STORAGE; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; FOREST CANOPY TREES; INDUCED EMBOLISM; STORED WATER; FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PERFORATION PLATES; CONDUIT DIAMETER; XYLEM CAVITATION AB Tree hydraulic architecture exhibits patterns that propagate from tissue to tree scales. A challenge is to make sense of these patterns in terms of trade-offs and adaptations. The universal trend for conduits per area to decrease with increasing conduit diameter below the theoretical packing limit may reflect the compromise between maximizing the area for conduction versus mechanical support and storage. Variation in conduit diameter may have two complementary influences: one being compromises between efficiency and safety and the other being that conduit tapering within a tree maximizes conductance per growth investment. Area-preserving branching may be a mechanical constraint, preventing otherwise more efficient top-heavy trees. In combination, these trends beget another: trees have more, narrower conduits moving from trunks to terminal branches. This pattern: (1) increases the efficiency of tree water conduction; (2) minimizes (but does not eliminate) any hydraulic limitation on the productivity or tissue growth with tree height; and (3) is consistent with the scaling of tree conductance and sap flow with size. We find no hydraulic reason why tree height should scale with a basal diameter to the two-thirds power as recently claimed; it is probably another mechanical constraint as originally proposed. The buffering effect of capacitance on the magnitude of transpiration-induced xylem tension appears to be coupled to cavitation resistance, possibly alleviating safety versus efficiency trade-offs. C1 [Sperry, John S.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McCulloh, Katherine A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sperry, JS (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM j.sperry@utah.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 93 TC 164 Z9 172 U1 5 U2 113 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 632 EP 645 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01765.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 292TE UT WOS:000255288200004 PM 18088335 ER PT J AU Liu, ZR Liu, ZC AF Liu, Zongrang Liu, Zhongchi TI The second intron of AGAMOUS drives carpel- and stamen-specific expression sufficient to induce complete sterility in Arabidopsis SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE AGAMOUS; transgenic plants; sterility; transgene containment ID FLORAL HOMEOTIC GENE; MADS-BOX GENES; NEGATIVE REGULATION; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; SILVER BIRCH; ABLATION; CONSERVATION; PREVENTION; ELEMENTS AB Gene containment technologies that prevent transgene dispersal through pollen, fruit and seed are in immediate demand to address concerns of gene flow from transgenic crops into wild species or close relatives. In this study, we isolated the enhancer element of Arabidopsis AGAMOUS that drives gene expression specifically in stamens and carpels. By fusing this AG enhancer to a minimal 35S promoter fragment, two tissue-specific promoters, fAGIP and rAGIP in forward and reverse orientations, respectively, were created and fused to the GUS reporter. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring either fAGIP::GUS or rAGIP::GUS displayed similar GUS expression specifically in carpel and stamen tissues and their primordial cells. To test their utility for engineering sterility, the promoters were fused to the Diphtheria toxin A (DT-A) gene coding for a ribosome inactivating protein as well as the Barnase gene coding for an extracellular ribonuclease, and tested for tissue-specific ablation. Over 89% of AGIP::DT-A and 68% of AGIP::Barnase transgenic plants displayed specific and precise ablation of stamens and carpels and are completely sterile. These transgenic plants showed normal vegetative development with prolonged vegetative growth. To evaluate the stability of the sterile phenotype, 16 AGIP::DT-A lines underwent two consecutive cutback generations and showed no reversion of the floral phenotype. This study demonstrates a simple, precise and efficient approach to achieve absolute sterility through irreversible ablation of both male and female floral organs. This approach should have a practical application for transgene containment in ornamental, landscaping, and woody species, whose seeds and fruits are of no economic value. C1 [Liu, Zongrang] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Liu, Zhongchi] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, ZR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM zongrang.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 855 EP 863 DI 10.1007/s00299-008-0511-3 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 286XJ UT WOS:000254879100006 PM 18256838 ER PT J AU He, XL Miyasaka, SC Fitch, MMM Moore, PH Zhu, YJ AF He, Xiaoling Miyasaka, Susan C. Fitch, Maureen M. M. Moore, Paul H. Zhu, Yun J. TI Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) with a rice chitinase gene for improved tolerance to a fungal pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens; transformation; taro; Colocasia esculenta; chitinase; fungal disease tolerance ID RESISTANCE; PLANTS; PACIFIC; DISEASE; TOBACCO AB Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is one of the most important crops in the Pacific Islands, however, taro yields have been declining in Hawaii over the past 30 years partly due to diseases caused by oomycete and fungal pathogens. In this study, an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for taro is first reported. In total, approximately 200 pieces (8 g) of embryogenic calluses were infected with the super-virulent A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring the plant transformation plasmid pBI121/ricchi11 that contains the rice chitinase gene ricchi11. The presence and expression of the transgene ricchi11 in six independent transgenic lines was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Southern blot analysis of the six independent lines indicated that three out of six (50%) had integrated a single copy of the transgene, and the other three lines had two or three copies of the transgene. Compared to the particle bombardment transformation of taro method, which was used in the previous studies, the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method obtained 43-fold higher transformation efficiency. In addition, these six transgenic lines via Agrobacterium may be more effective for transgene expression as a result of single-copy or low-copy insertion of the transgene than the single line with multiple copies of the transgene via particle bombardment. In a laboratory bioassay, all six transgenic lines exhibited increased tolerance to the fungal pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii, ranging from 42 to 63% reduction in lesion expansion. C1 [Miyasaka, Susan C.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [He, Xiaoling] Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fitch, Maureen M. M.; Moore, Paul H.] USDA ARS, PB ARC, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Zhu, Yun J.] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Miyasaka, SC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, 875 Komohana St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM miyasaka@hawaii.edu NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 903 EP 909 DI 10.1007/s00299-008-0519-8 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 286XJ UT WOS:000254879100011 PM 18301900 ER PT J AU Davidson, CR Evans, TA Mulrooney, RP Gregory, NF Carroll, RB O'Neill, NR AF Davidson, C. R. Evans, T. A. Mulrooney, R. P. Gregory, N. F. Carroll, R. B. O'Neill, N. R. TI Lima bean downy mildew epiphytotics caused by new physiological races of Phytophthora phaseoli SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AFLP; OPHIOSPHAERELLA; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; INFESTANS AB Before 1995, race D of Phytophthora phaseoli, the causal agent of downy mildew on lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), was the prevalent physiological race in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Since 1995, however, new physiological races of P. phaseoli have been responsible for downy mildew outbreaks in previously resistant cultivars in this region. Cultivar differential testing of 180 isolates of P. phaseoli collected between 1994 and 2005 from Delaware and the eastern shore of Maryland has confirmed the presence of two new physiological races. The detection of race E in 1995 and race F only 5 years later in 2000, plus the lack of resistant cultivars to manage the epiphytotics in lima bean, have led to millions of dollars of crop losses. Intra- and interspecific genetic variation of Phytophthora spp. and isolates were assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphism DNA fingerprinting. Primer groups EcoRI+AG and MseI+C distinguished P. phaseoli and P capsici from P infestans but did not distinguish among different races of P. phaseoli. C1 [Davidson, C. R.; Evans, T. A.; Mulrooney, R. P.; Gregory, N. F.; Carroll, R. B.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [O'Neill, N. R.] USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, TA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM tomevansans@udel.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 92 IS 5 BP 670 EP 674 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-5-0670 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 290ST UT WOS:000255143200002 ER PT J AU Hilf, ME AF Hilf, Mark E. TI An immunocapture RT-PCR procedure using Apple stem grooving virus antibodies facilitates analysis of citrus tatter leaf virus from the original Meyer lemon host SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; TRISTEZA-VIRUS; CAPILLOVIRUSES; GENOMES AB A magnetic bead-based immunocapture system using polyclonal antiserum against Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) successfully facilitated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of sequences from three Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV) isolates originally isolated from the citrus host Meyer lemon. Primers designed from a pairwise alignment of genomic sequences of CTLV isolates from lily and from kumquat amplified two nonoverlapping genomic regions of 625 and 1,165 bp (approximately 28% of the CTLV genome) which were cloned and sequenced. Despite being propagated separately in the glasshouse for more than 40 years, the CTLV sequences from separate Meyer lemon sources were identical but had only approximately 80% nucleotide identity with the homologous regions of CTLV genomes of isolates from lily and kumquat. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis indicated the CTLV isolates from Meyer lemon were distinct from but more closely related to CTLV from kumquat than from lily, and these CTLV sequences showed equivalent genetic distances from two ASGV isolates. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hilf, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Mark.Hilf@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 92 IS 5 BP 746 EP 750 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-5-0746 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 290ST UT WOS:000255143200013 ER PT J AU Slaminko, TL Miles, MR Frederick, RD Bonde, MR Hartman, GL AF Slaminko, T. L. Miles, M. R. Frederick, R. D. Bonde, M. R. Hartman, G. L. TI New legume hosts of Phakopsora pachyrhizi based on greenhouse evaluations SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE host range; Papilionoideae ID SOYBEAN RUST; UNITED-STATES; CAUSAL AGENT; P-MEIBOMIAE; 1ST-REPORT; RESISTANCE AB Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal organism of soybean rust, was first found in the continental United States in 2004 and has been found on soybean, kudzu, Florida beggarweed, and three Phaseolus species in the field. The pathogen has been reported to occur on more than 90 legume species worldwide and it is likely to infect native and introduced legume species in the United States. The objective of this study was to determine if 176 species representing 57 genera of legumes, the majority of which are either native or naturalized to soybean-growing areas of the United States, could be hosts of P. pachyrhizi. Between one and three accessions of each species, a total of 264 accessions, were inoculated with a mixture of four isolates of P. pachyrhizi. Severity and sporulation were rated on a 1-to-5 scale at 14 and 28 days after inoculation. P. pachyrhizi was confirmed by the presence of sporulating uredinia and/or immunological assay on 65 new species in 25 genera; 12 of these genera have not been reported previously as hosts. Many of the newly identified hosts grow in the southern United States, and like kudzu, could serve as over-wintering hosts for P.pachyrhizi. C1 [Miles, M. R.; Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Slaminko, T. L.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bonde, M. R.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 26 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 92 IS 5 BP 767 EP 771 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-5-0767 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 290ST UT WOS:000255143200017 ER PT J AU Seifers, DL Martin, TJ Harvey, TL Fellers, JP Stack, JP Ryba-White, M Haber, S Krokhin, O Spicer, V Lovat, N Yamchuk, A Standing, KG AF Seifers, Dallas L. Martin, T. J. Harvey, Tom L. Fellers, John P. Stack, James P. Ryba-White, Marietta Haber, Steve Krokhin, Oleg Spicer, Victor Lovat, Nicole Yamchuk, Andrej Standing, Kenneth G. TI Triticum mosaic virus: A new virus isolated from wheat in Kansas SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE temperature-sensitive resistance ID HIGH-PLAINS-VIRUS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETER; PLANT-VIRUSES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; NATURAL INFECTION; COAT PROTEIN; STREAK; RESISTANCE; DISEASE AB In 2006, a mechanically-transmissible and previously uncharacterized virus was isolated in Kansas from wheat plants with mosaic symptoms. The physiochemical properties of the virus were examined by purification on cesium chloride density gradients, electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), sequencing of the nucleotides and amino acids of the coat protein, and immunological reactivity. Purified preparations contained flexuous, rod-shaped particles that resembled potyviruses. The coat protein was estimated from SDS-PAGE to have a mass of approximately 35 kDa. Its amino acid sequence, as deduced from DNA sequencing of cloned, reverse-transcribed viral RNA and separately determined by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was most closely related (49% similarity) to Sugarcane streak mosaic virus, a member of the Tritimovirus genus of the family Potyviridae. The virus gave strong positive reactions during enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using polyclonal antibodies raised against purified preparations of the cognate virus but gave consistent negative reactions against antibodies to Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), other wheat potyviruses, and the High Plains vir-us. When the virus was inoculated on the WSMV-resistant wheat cv. RonL, systemic symptoms appeared and plant growth was diminished significantly in contrast with WSMV-inoculated RonL. Taken together, the data support consideration of this virus as a new potyvirus, and the name Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is proposed. C1 [Seifers, Dallas L.; Martin, T. J.] Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Harvey, Tom L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Fellers, John P.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Haber, Steve] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Krokhin, Oleg; Spicer, Victor; Lovat, Nicole; Yamchuk, Andrej; Standing, Kenneth G.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Seifers, DL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM dseifers@ksu.edu RI Standing, Kenneth/E-2416-2011 NR 57 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 92 IS 5 BP 808 EP 817 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-5-0808 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 290ST UT WOS:000255143200022 ER PT J AU Duan, YP Gottwald, T Zhou, LJ Gabriel, DW AF Duan, Y. P. Gottwald, T. Zhou, L. J. Gabriel, D. W. TI First Report of Dodder transmission of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' to Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID CITRUS; DISEASE C1 [Duan, Y. P.; Gottwald, T.] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Zhou, L. J.; Gabriel, D. W.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Duan, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 92 IS 5 BP 831 EP 831 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-5-0831C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 290ST UT WOS:000255143200027 ER PT J AU Keith, LM AF Keith, L. M. TI First report of Pestalotiopsis virgatula causing pestalotiopsis fruit rot on rambutan in Hawaii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Keith, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 92 IS 5 BP 835 EP 835 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-5-0935B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 290ST UT WOS:000255143200037 ER PT J AU Dyer, JM Stymne, S Green, AG Carlsson, AS AF Dyer, John M. Stymne, Sten Green, Allan G. Carlsson, Anders S. TI High-value oils from plants SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE biorefining; industrial oils; lipids; seed storage oils; triacylglycerols; unusual fatty acids ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; CARTHAMUS-TINCTORIUS L; RENEWABLE RAW-MATERIALS; DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; MICROSOMAL PREPARATIONS; VEGETABLE-OILS; RICINUS-COMMUNIS; DEVELOPING SEEDS; ERUCIC-ACID AB The seed oils of domesticated oilseed crops are major agricultural commodities that are used primarily for nutritional applications, but in recent years there has been increasing use of these oils for production of biofuels and chemical feedstocks. This is being driven in part by the rapidly rising costs of petroleum, increased concern about the environmental impact of using fossil oil, and the need to develop renewable domestic sources of fuel and industrial raw materials. There is also a need to develop sustainable sources of nutritionally important fatty acids such as those that are typically derived from fish oil. Plant oils can provide renewable sources of high-value fatty acids for both the chemical and health-related industries. The value and application of an oil are determined largely by its fatty acid composition, and while most vegetable oils contain just five basic fatty acid structures, there is a rich diversity of fatty acids present in nature, many of which have potential usage in industry. In this review, we describe several areas where plant oils can have a significant impact on the emerging bioeconomy and the types of fatty acids that are required in these various applications. We also outline the current understanding of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of seed oil production, and the challenges and potential in translating this knowledge into the rational design and engineering of crop plants to produce high-value oils in plant seeds. C1 [Dyer, John M.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Stymne, Sten; Carlsson, Anders S.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Plant Breeding & Biotechnol, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. [Green, Allan G.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Dyer, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM john.dyer@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Allan/C-6572-2008 NR 136 TC 168 Z9 173 U1 4 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 54 IS 4 BP 640 EP 655 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03430.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 299KR UT WOS:000255755000010 PM 18476869 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A Leakey, ADB AF Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Rogers, Alistair Leakey, Andrew D. B. TI Targets for crop biotechnology in a future high-CO2 and high-O-3 world SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CELL-DEATH; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; OZONE TOLERANCE; ASCORBIC-ACID; RICE CROPS; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS C1 [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] ARS, USDA, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rogers, Alistair] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Leakey, Andrew D. B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Rogers, Alistair] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Leakey, Andrew D. B.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ainsworth, EA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lisa.ainsworth@ars.usda.gov RI Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 78 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 48 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 147 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1104/pp.108.117101 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 308VV UT WOS:000256419400003 PM 18443102 ER PT J AU Barry, CS McQuinn, RP Chung, MY Besuden, A Giovannoni, JJ AF Barry, Cornelius S. McQuinn, Ryan P. Chung, Mi-Young Besuden, Anna Giovannoni, James J. TI Amino acid substitutions in homologs of the STAY-GREEN protein are responsible for the green-flesh and chlorophyll retainer mutations of tomato and pepper SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; LEAF SENESCENCE; CELL-DEATH; GENE; DEGRADATION; CATABOLISM; ETHYLENE; IDENTIFICATION AB Color changes often accompany the onset of ripening, leading to brightly colored fruits that serve as attractants to seed-dispersing organisms. In many fruits, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum), there is a sharp decrease in chlorophyll content and a concomitant increase in the synthesis of carotenoids as a result of the conversion of chloroplasts into chromoplasts. The green-flesh (gf) and chlorophyll retainer (cl) mutations of tomato and pepper, respectively, are inhibited in their ability to degrade chlorophyll during ripening, leading to the production of ripe fruits characterized by both chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation and are thus brown in color. Using a positional cloning approach, we have identified a point mutation at the gf locus that causes an amino acid substitution in an invariant residue of a tomato homolog of the STAY-GREEN (SGR) protein of rice (Oryza sativa). Similarly, the cl mutation also carries an amino acid substitution at an invariant residue in a pepper homolog of SGR. Both GF and CL expression are highly induced at the onset of fruit ripening, coincident with the ripening-associated decline in chlorophyll. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that there are two distinct groups of SGR proteins in plants. The SGR subfamily is required for chlorophyll degradation and operates through an unknown mechanism. A second subfamily, which we have termed SGR-like, has an as-yet undefined function. C1 [Barry, Cornelius S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Barry, Cornelius S.; McQuinn, Ryan P.; Chung, Mi-Young; Besuden, Anna; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McQuinn, Ryan P.; Giovannoni, James J.] USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Barry, CS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM barrycs@msu.edu RI Barry, Cornelius/D-7759-2012; OI Barry, Cornelius/0000-0003-4685-0273 NR 34 TC 87 Z9 104 U1 7 U2 43 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 147 IS 1 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1104/pp.108.118430 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 308VV UT WOS:000256419400017 PM 18359841 ER PT J AU Dugan, VG Chen, R Spiro, DJ Sengamalay, N Zaborsky, J Ghedin, E Nolting, J Swayne, DE Runstadler, JA Happ, GM Senne, DA Wang, RX Slemons, RD Holmes, EC Taubenberger, JK AF Dugan, Vivien G. Chen, Rubing Spiro, David J. Sengamalay, Naomi Zaborsky, Jennifer Ghedin, Elodie Nolting, Jacqueline Swayne, David E. Runstadler, Jonathan A. Happ, George M. Senne, Dennis A. Wang, Ruixue Slemons, Richard D. Holmes, Edward C. Taubenberger, Jeffery K. TI The evolutionary genetics and emergence of avian influenza viruses in wild birds SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; H5N1 INFLUENZA; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; DOMESTIC POULTRY; NORTHERN EUROPE; AQUATIC BIRDS; HUMAN HEALTH; HOST-RANGE; DUCKS AB We surveyed the genetic diversity among avian influenza virus (AIV) in wild birds, comprising 167 complete viral genomes from 14 bird species sampled in four locations across the United States. These isolates represented 29 type A influenza virus hemagglutinin ( HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtype combinations, with up to 26% of isolates showing evidence of mixed subtype infection. Through a phylogenetic analysis of the largest data set of AIV genomes compiled to date, we were able to document a remarkably high rate of genome reassortment, with no clear pattern of gene segment association and occasional inter-hemisphere gene segment migration and reassortment. From this, we propose that AIV in wild birds forms transient "genome constellations,'' continually reshuffled by reassortment, in contrast to the spread of a limited number of stable genome constellations that characterizes the evolution of mammalian-adapted influenza A viruses. C1 [Dugan, Vivien G.; Wang, Ruixue; Taubenberger, Jeffery K.] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chen, Rubing; Holmes, Edward C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Spiro, David J.; Sengamalay, Naomi; Zaborsky, Jennifer] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [Ghedin, Elodie] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Nolting, Jacqueline; Slemons, Richard D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Swayne, David E.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Runstadler, Jonathan A.; Happ, George M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Senne, Dennis A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Holmes, Edward C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dugan, VG (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Chen, Rubing/A-2276-2010; Chen, Rubing/F-2314-2011; Nolting, Jacqueline/C-4464-2015; OI Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 68 TC 195 Z9 204 U1 5 U2 34 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 4 IS 5 AR e1000076 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000076 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 312JY UT WOS:000256668900002 PM 18516303 ER PT J AU Erkan, M Wang, SY Wang, CY AF Erkan, Mustafa Wang, Shiow Y. Wang, Chien Y. TI Effect of UV treatment on antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity and decay in strawberry fruit SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE strawberries; UV; antioxidant capacity; antioxidant enzyme activity; decay ID C IRRADIATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL TREATMENT; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; PHENOLIC CONTENT; HIGHER-PLANTS; GLUTATHIONE; STORAGE; OXYGEN; TEMPERATURE; PEROXIDASE AB The changes in antioxidant capacity, enzyme activity and decay development in strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) illuminated with different UV-C dosages were investigated. Three UV-C illumination durations and dosages, 1,5 and 10 min, (0.43, 2.15 and 4.30 kJ m(-2)) tested promoted the antioxidant capacity and enzyme activities and significantly reduced the severity of decay during storage at 10 degrees C compared to the control. UV-C illumination for 5 and 10 min showed the best results tor enhancing antioxidant capacity expressed as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values after storage for 15 days among all the treatments. These treatments also enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-POD), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (AsA-POD) guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR). The nonenzyme components such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized gultathione (GSSG) also were increased by UV-C exposure. All UV-C dosages increased the phenolic content of strawberry fruits as well. Total anthocyanin content increased during storage in all treatments. However, UV-C illumination showed little effect on the anthocyanin accumulation. All UV-C dosages retarded the development of decay comparing to control treatment, but 5 and 10 min UV-C illumination gave the best decay inhibition. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved . C1 [Erkan, Mustafa; Wang, Chien Y.] USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Shiow Y.] USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Erkan, Mustafa] Akdeniz Univ, Dept Hort, TR-07059 Antalya, Turkey. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ChienYi.Wang@ars.usda.gov RI Erkan, Mustafa/C-1694-2016 NR 52 TC 108 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.09.028 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 290NM UT WOS:000255129500002 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Saftner, RA AF Lester, Gene E. Saftner, Robert A. TI Marketable quality and phytonutrient concentrations of a novel hybrid muskmelon intended for the fresh-cut industry and its parental lines: Whole-fruit comparisons at harvest and following long-term storage at 1 or 5 degrees C SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; ascorbic acid; beta-carotene; color; fruit firmness; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (folic acid); malondialdehyde; sugars; sweetness ID POSTHARVEST STORAGE; ASCORBIC-ACID; SENESCENCE AB Year-round demand for fresh-cut produce, such as muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. Reticulatus group) fruit, can include importation of whole-fruit from as far away as Chile, requiring expensive air shipments. Surface shipments would reduce these transportation expenses but would also require a longer shelf-life fruit than what is now commercially available to withstand the shipping/storage time frame of up to 5 weeks prior to fresh-cut processing. Current muskmelon cultivars have a fruit storage life of up to 2 weeks. In this 2-year study, we compared the marketable quality and phytonutrient attributes of a novel hybrid with its muskmelon parental lines (ultra-firm female x commercial muskmelon cultivar type male) up to 5 weeks at 1 or 5 degrees C. At harvest whole hybrid fruit were larger (33-37% heavier) than its parental lines, and had an external firmness equal to its female parent. The external and internal firmnesses of the female parent were on average 4.5-fold and 3.6-fold firmer, respectively, than those of the male parent. Compared to its male parent, the internal tissue of hybrid fruit was relatively sweeter, more intensly orange, had a. higher concentration of P-carotene, had a seven-fold higher concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (folic acid), had fewer internal disorders, and reduced senescence. The aforemetioned tissue firmness of hybrid fruit would make it highly suitable to withstand surface shipments of up to 5 weeks; and the aforementioned quality characteristics would make it likely preferable to consumers both taste-wise and nutritionally as a fresh-cut product. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lester, Gene E.] Care Of GE Lester, USDA ARS, KSARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Saftner, Robert A.] USDA, ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), Care Of GE Lester, USDA ARS, KSARC, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM gene.lester@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 248 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.10.009 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 290NM UT WOS:000255129500012 ER PT J AU Dunkley, CS Friend, TH McReynolds, JL Kim, WK Dunkley, KD Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, C. S. Friend, T. H. McReynolds, J. L. Kim, W. K. Dunkley, K. D. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Behavior of laying hens on alfalfa crumble molt diets SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; alfalfa crumble; laying hen; molt ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; NONFEED REMOVAL METHODS; FEED WITHDRAWAL; DOMESTIC FOWL; BATTERY CAGES; LEGHORN HENS; INDUCTION; PERFORMANCE; FRUSTRATION; AGGRESSION AB Several dietary alternatives to feed withdrawal have been proposed to induce a molt in laying hens. This study compared the behavior of laying hens on an alfalfa crumble diet (ALC) to hens that were either on a conventional layer diet (FF) or hens that had feed withdrawn (FW) during a 9-d trial. Each treatment consisted of 24 hens (3 hens per battery cage), and treatment began after a 2-week acclimation period. Video cameras connected to a digital multiplexer recorded the behavior of the hens. The percentages of observations performing nonnutritive pecking, feeder activity, drinking, walking, preening, head movement, and aggression were quantified for two 10-min periods at daily intervals. The FF hens spent significantly more (P <= 0.05) time drinking than the other treatments, whereas FW hens displayed the most head movements. From d 1 through 7, FW hens walked less than ALC hens except on d 8 when FW hens walked more than ALC and FF hens. On d 4 and 6, the FW hens spent an increased amount of time preening compared with FF hens until the last few days of the molt period. For the most part, FW hens generally displayed more nonnutritive pecking than ALC and FF hens throughout the molt period. However, FW hen visits to the feeders declined as the trial proceeded, whereas ALC and FF hens generally spent more time at the feeder. In summary, the ALC diet showed potential as an alternative to FW for inducing a molt in laying hens based on reduced nonnutritive pecking behavior, head movements, and greater feeding activity. C1 [Dunkley, C. S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Friend, T. H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [McReynolds, J. L.; Kubena, L. F.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 87 IS 5 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.3382/ps.2006-00385 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 292TS UT WOS:000255289600001 PM 18420970 ER PT J AU Cheng, HW Jefferson, L AF Cheng, H. -W. Jefferson, L. TI Different Behavioral and physiological responses in two genetic lines of laying hens after transportation SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE transportation stress; behavior; corticosterone; serotonin; chicken ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; OPEN-FIELD BEHAVIOR; GROUP SELECTION; BROILER-CHICKENS; IMMOBILIZATION STRESS; ADRENAL-FUNCTION; 5-HT1A RECEPTOR; BODY-WEIGHT; ADAPTATION AB Physiological and behavioral responses to transportation stress were examined in a chicken strain selected for high group productivity and survivability (HGPS) resulting from reduced cannibalism and flightiness in colony cages and in chickens from Dekalb XL (DXL) commercial strain. At 13 wk of age, 96 pullets per strain were randomly assigned to 4-bird cages within the same strain. At 17 wk of age, half of the cages of each strain (n = 12) were randomly used as experimental group. The birds of the experimental group were crated by line, with a caution to ensure all the birds in the same cage were unfamiliar to each other, and then transported for 2 h on a country road. After transportation, the birds were recaged in groups of 4 within the same line. Behavioral data were collected immediately after the recaging of the birds. Physical parameters (BW and organ weight), plasma corticosterone levels, blood and brain serotonin (5-HT) concentrations, and 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expressions were measured at 1 d posttransportation. Results showed that, compared with the control birds of each strain, transportation stress-induced behavioral changes in eating, drinking, and preening were found in the birds from both strains, but the HGPS birds showed a greater increase in drinking and preening (P < 0.01). In addition, after transportation stress, the HGPS birds had heavier adrenal glands (P < 0.01) with higher concentrations of plasma corticosterone (P < 0.01) and a trend to higher central 5-HT levels (P = 0.09) with a downregulated 5-HT1A receptor gene expression (P < 0.05), whereas the DXL birds had a higher H: L ratio (P < 0.05). The data indicate that there are a genetic basis of variations in chickens in response to transportation stress. The HGPS birds may have a better coping capability to transportation stress than DXL birds. C1 [Cheng, H. -W.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jefferson, L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 70 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 87 IS 5 BP 885 EP 892 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00482 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 292TS UT WOS:000255289600009 PM 18420978 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Meinersmann, RJ Smith, DP Zhuang, H AF Berrang, M. E. Meinersmann, R. J. Smith, D. P. Zhuang, H. TI The effect of chilling in cold air or ice water on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses and the population of Campylobacter SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; broiler; air chill; immersion chill ID CROSS-CONTAMINATION; HYGIENE ASPECTS; POULTRY; NUMBERS; SPP.; ESTABLISHMENT; VARIABILITY; SALMONELLA; PROFILE; HALVES AB Cold air or ice water can be used to chill poultry carcasses after slaughter. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of 2 chill methods on broiler carcass bacteria. Broiler carcasses were cut in half along the dorsal-ventral midline; one half was subjected to an ice-water immersion chill in an agitated bath for 50 min, whereas the reciprocal half was subjected to an air chill in a 1 C cold room for 150 min. Total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter were enumerated from half-carcass rinses. Species of Campylobacter isolates was determined by a commercial PCR method, which was followed by molecular subtyping with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility to 9 drugs. Although significantly fewer of each bacterial type were detected per milliliter from immersion-chilled carcasses than from air-chilled car-casses, in each case the difference was less than 1 log(10) cfu/mL. Chilling method did not affect species; both Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were recovered. Results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtyping did not suggest that either chilling method selected for any specific subtypes; most subtypes were found on carcass halves used for both the air chill and water immersion chill. Resistance to 2 antimicrobial drugs was noted in 9 C. coli isolates, 6 from air-chilled carcass halves and 3 from immersion-chilled carcass halves. These data showed that immersion-chilled carcasses had lower numbers of bacteria; however, the difference was not large and may have been due to simple dilution. Both methods were effective for lowering carcass temperature, and neither chilling method seemed to select for specific species, subtypes, or antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter. C1 [Berrang, M. E.; Meinersmann, R. J.; Smith, D. P.; Zhuang, H.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mark.berrang@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 87 IS 5 BP 992 EP 998 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00406 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 292TS UT WOS:000255289600024 PM 18420993 ER PT J AU Chai, XS Fu, SY Mo, SH Wan, SG Zhu, JY AF Chai Xinsheng Fu Shiyu Mo Shuhuan Wan Shungang Zhu Junyong TI Static headspace-gas chromatography SO PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY LA Chinese DT Article DE headspace; gas chromatography; vapor-liquid equilibrium; full evaporation; phase conversion reaction; tracer; multiple headspace extraction ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; WOOD FIBERS; EXTRACTION; WATER; SOLUBILITY; MONOMER; MATRIX; SAMPLE; SOLVENTS; ACIDS AB This paper provides a comprehensive review on the recent development of the static headspace gas chromatography with focuses on various types of approaches including volatile species phase equilibration and non-volatile species derivatization methods used in the headspace analysis. These techniques mainly introduced are the conventional, full-evaporation, phase conversion based on chemical reaction, and volatile-tracer techniques. A multiple headspace extraction technique for study of reaction kinetics is also introduced. Several special applications of headspace gas chromatography with these newly developed headspace analysis technologies are provided. C1 [Chai Xinsheng; Fu Shiyu] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. [Chai Xinsheng; Mo Shuhuan; Wan Shungang] Guangxi Univ, Sch Light Ind & Food Engn, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China. [Zhu Junyong] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Chai, XS (reprint author), S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. EM xschai@gmail.com NR 43 TC 0 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES PI BEIJING PA NO. 33 BEISIHUANXILU, ZHONGGUANCUN, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1005-281X J9 PROG CHEM JI Prog. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 20 IS 5 BP 762 EP 766 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 305UU UT WOS:000256204100017 ER PT J AU Natilla, A Nemchinov, LG AF Natilla, Angela Nemchinov, Lev G. TI Improvement of PVX/CMV CP expression tool for display of short foreign antigens SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE plant-derived vaccines; plant virus-based expression; Newcastle disease virus ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN; EPITOPE; NEUTRALIZATION; PARTICLES; LOCATION; VECTOR; GENE AB We have previously reported that Potato virus X-expressed coat protein of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) formed virus-like particles (VLPs), which served as carriers for display of different neutralizing epitopes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In this work, we further modified the purification protocol of recombinant VLPs carrying short neutralizing epitopes of the NDV proteins and demonstrated that self-contained capsid protein subunits of CMV transiently expressed from heterologous virus packaged into individual virions morphologically resembling and/or indistinguishable from wild type CMV particles. Homogeneity of the final preparation represents an advance over our previous study, where VLPs were found to be of variable size. Chickens immunized with purified VLPs developed antigen-specific response. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Natilla, Angela; Nemchinov, Lev G.] USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nemchinov, LG (reprint author), USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Lev.Nemchinov@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 EI 1096-0279 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 59 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.pep.2008.01.011 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 293CL UT WOS:000255312300016 PM 18280751 ER PT J AU Thacker, ET Ralphs, MH Call, CA Benson, B Greens, S AF Thacker, Eric T. Ralphs, Michael H. Call, Christopher A. Benson, Brock Greens, Shane TI Invasion of broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) following disturbance: Evaluating change in a state-and-transition model SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata subsp wyomingensis; ecological site description; Elymus spicatus; fire; grazing; poisonous plant ID SAGEBRUSH; GRASS AB Broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarotbrae [Pursh] Britt. & Rusby) is an aggressive native invasive species that thrives after disturbance in semiarid rangelands of the western United States. A 5-yr (2002-2006) study was initiated following grazing and fire disturbances on an Upland Gravelly Loam ecological site in the sagebrush steppe of northern Utah, to evaluate broom snakeweed invasion in different plant communities. The study site originally had two plant communities: a sagebrush/bunchgrass community that received alternate-year, fall cattle grazing, and was dominated by bluebunch wheatgrass (Elymus spicatus) and an open stand of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis), and a sagebrush community that received continuous, annual, spring cattle grazing that removed the bunchgrasses, leaving a dense stand of Wyoming big sagebrush with an understory of Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). Portions of these two plant communities were burned in a wildfire in 2001, removing the sagebrush, and creating two additional communities. The burned portion of the sagebrush/bunchgrass community became a bluebunch wheatgrass-dominated community, and the burned portion of the sagebrush community became a snakeweed-dominated community. Foliar cover, aboveground biomass, and sagebrush and snakeweed densities were compared among the four communities. Mature snakeweed plants that existed in the sagebrush/bunchgrass community were eliminated in 2003, because of drought conditions. Snakeweed was eliminated in the bluebunch wheatgrass community by the wildfire in 2001, and there was no reestablishment. Snakeweed density and cover remained constant in the sagebrush community. Snakeweed cover increased from 2% to 31% in the snakeweed community, despite the presence of Sandberg bluegrass. The data were used to evaluate and update the current Upland Gravelly Loam (Wyoming big sagebrush) ecological site description in the Great Salt Lake Major Land Resource Area and its state-and-transition model to reflect vegetation changes associated with snakeweed invasion. C1 [Ralphs, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Thacker, Eric T.; Call, Christopher A.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Benson, Brock] USDA, NRCS, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Greens, Shane] USDA, NRCS, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM Michael.Ralphs@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 20 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.2111/07-043.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303LO UT WOS:000256042200002 ER PT J AU Khumalo, G Holechek, J Thomas, M Molinar, F AF Khumalo, Godfrey Holechek, Jerry Thomas, Milt Molinar, Francisco TI Soil depth and climatic effects on desert vegetation dynamics SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brush control; drought; grazing; herbicides; rangeland ID 2 STOCKING LEVELS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; RANGELANDS; GRASSLAND; MESQUITE AB Soil depth effects on honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Tort) cover and density and perennial grass standing crop were evaluated over an 11-yr period (1995-2005) on two lightly stocked and two conservatively stocked pastures on the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center in south-central New Mexico. These four adjoining pastures have similar size, vegetation, and soils. Soils in these study pastures are primarily light sandy loams varying from a few centimeters to 1 in or more in depth underlain by a calcium carbonate layer. Deep soils had lower perennial grass standing crop and higher honey mesquite cover and density than did shallow soils at both the beginning (1995-1997) and ending (2003-2005) periods of study. Average perennial grass standing crop across the four study pastures dropped 82% between 1995-1997 and 2003-2005 because of drought during the last 5 yr of study. Honey mesquite canopy cover and perennial grass standing crop did not differ between light and conservative grazing treatments at the beginning or end of our study. Honey mesquite canopy cover did not change from 1995-1997 to 2003-2005 but honey mesquite density was higher in 2003-2005 than in 1995-1997. Our study shows that both soil depth and climatic fluctuations have a major influence on vegetation dynamics in desert and semiarid areas. C1 [Khumalo, Godfrey; Holechek, Jerry; Thomas, Milt] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Molinar, Francisco] USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, El Paso, TX 79821 USA. RP Holechek, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, 2980 S Espina St,MSC 31, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM holechek@nmsu.edu NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.2111/06-077.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303LO UT WOS:000256042200003 ER PT J AU Fowler, JF Sieg, CH Dickson, BG Saab, V AF Fowler, James F. Sieg, Carolyn Hull Dickson, Brett G. Saab, Victoria TI Exotic plant species diversity: Influence of roads and prescribed fire in Arizona ponderosa pine forests SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE exotic species abundance; exotic species richness; intentional introduction; ponderosa pine; prescribed fire; seeding ID BROMUS-TECTORUM L; UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN ARIZONA; CANADIAN WEEDS; NATIONAL-PARK; INVASIONS; DISPERSAL; AUSTRALIA; FLORA; USA AB Many studies have investigated the ecological effects of roads and roadsides as both habitat and dispersal corridors for exotic plant species. Several of these compared roadside exotic species richness and abundance with adjacent interior habitats, but we found no studies of individual exotic species' abundance between the two habitats in the context of prescribed fire. We measured exotic species richness and individual species' abundance along roadsides and in adjacent interior habitat (> 150 m) before and after prescribed fire at three ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson) sites in northern Arizona. Eighteen of the 20 exotic plant species found in this study have been and continue to be intentionally introduced or are known agricultural seed contaminants. Roadsides had significantly higher exotic species richness than adjacent forest interior habitats, but only one site showed a significant (decreasing) fire effect on species richness. Four exotic plant species had significantly higher densities along roadsides at two of the three sites, and four species had no significant difference in abundance between habitats at any site supporting an individualistic species response hypothesis. Most exotic species showed no significant change in density post-prescribed fire suggesting that low-intensity prescribed fire may have minimal effect on exotic species diversity. Variability in total exotic species richness, composition, species' constancies, and species' densities between the three regionally similar sites suggests differing degrees and effectiveness of past management practices and policies such as intentional seeding. C1 [Fowler, James F.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dickson, Brett G.] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Saab, Victoria] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Fowler, JF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jffowler@fs.fed.us NR 74 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 284 EP 293 DI 10.2111/07-059.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303LO UT WOS:000256042200005 ER PT J AU Long, RA Rachlow, JL Kie, JG Vavra, M AF Long, Ryan A. Rachlow, Janet L. Kie, Jobn G. Vavra, Martin TI Fuels reduction in a western coniferous forest: Effects on quantity and quality of forage for elk SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; in vitro dry-matter digestibility; nitrogen; nutrition; Oregon; percentage of cover; prescribed fire ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; PONDEROSA PINE; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; EASTERN OREGON; MULE DEER; UNDERSTORY; VEGETATION; NUTRITION; NORTHERN; CATTLE AB Use of mechanical thinning and prescribed fire to reduce fuels in dry forest ecosystems has become increasingly common in western North America. Nevertheless, few studies have quantified effects of fuels reduction treatments on wildlife. We evaluated effects of fuels reduction on quantity and quality of forage available to elk (Cervus elaphus) in northeastern Oregon. From 2001 to 2003, 26 stands of true fir (Abies spp.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirbel] Franco) were thinned and burned, whereas 27 similar stands were left untreated to serve as experimental controls. We estimated percentage of cover, percentage of in vitro dry-matter digestibility (digestibility), and percentage of nitrogen (%N) of 16 important forage species and genera in treatment and control stands during spring (May-June) and summer (July-August) of 2005 and 2006. Quantity and quality of forage were lower in summer than spring in both stand types. In contrast, total cover of forage was higher in treatment than in control stands during spring, whereas the opposite was true during summer. For graminoids, %N was higher in control than in treatment stands whereas digestibility did not differ between stand types. For forbs, neither index of forage quality differed between stand types. When treatment stands were separated by years since burning, %N and digestibility of forbs and %N of graminoids increased from 2 to 5 yr following treatment, and by the fifth year after burning had exceeded maximum values observed in control stands in both seasons. As a result of the interacting effects of fuels reduction and season on forage characteristics, treated stands provided better foraging opportunities for elk during spring, whereas control stands provided better foraging opportunities during summer. Consequently, maintaining a mosaic of burned and unburned (late successional) habitat may be of greater benefit to elk than burning a large proportion of a landscape. C1 [Long, Ryan A.; Kie, Jobn G.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Rachlow, Janet L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Vavra, Martin] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Long, RA (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM longryan@isu.edu RI Long, Ryan/B-6472-2012 NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 302 EP 313 DI 10.2111/07-046.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303LO UT WOS:000256042200007 ER PT J AU Kluever, BM Breck, SW Howery, LD Krausman, PR Bergman, DL AF Kluever, Bryan M. Breck, Stewart W. Howery, Larry D. Krausman, Paul R. Bergman, David L. TI Vigilance in cattle: The influence of predation, social interactions, and environmental factors SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE foraging behavior; group size; herbivore; lactation status; predators; ungulate ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WOLF DEPREDATION; GROUP-SIZE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MULE DEER; ROE DEER; RISK; LIVESTOCK; MAMMALS; WOLVES AB Vigilant behavior in wild ungulates is critical to guard against predation. However, few studies have examined vigilant behavior in domesticated ungulates. Considering the expansion of large predator populations, understanding vigilant behavior and factors that influence it will help with the management of livestock. We observed adult female cattle (Bos taurus L.) in open-range conditions where large predators (wolves [Canis lupus L.] and mountain lions [Puma concolor (L.).]) were common threats during summers of 2005 and 2006 in eastern Arizona. This study was designed to determine 1) to what extent cattle exhibit vigilant behavior compared to published data on wild ungulates, 2) whether predation events influence vigilance rates of cattle, and 3) whether social and environmental factors affect vigilance of cattle. Cattle exhibited vigilant behavior (3% +/- 0.19%) during peak foraging periods, but at a lower rate than wild ungulates. Cows with calves were more than twice as vigilant (4.5% +/- 0.46%) as those without calves (2.0% +/- 0.27%). Single cattle and groups of two to five exhibited higher vigilance rates (4.2% +/- 0.79%) than groups of six to 20 (2.5% +/- 0.32%) and groups of > 20 (3.0% /- 0.41%). Cattle in groups of > 20 increased vigilance as visual obstruction increased. Mother cows whose calves were preyed upon (n = 5) exhibited a 3% to 48% increase in vigilance within 3 d after their calves were killed; this rate returned to near baseline levels after 10 d. Conversely, mother cows reduced foraging after their calves were killed from 88.5% +/- 1.69% to 43.5% +/- 11.4%; foraging rate also returned to near baseline levels after 10 d. Cattle exhibit vigilance at lower levels compared to wild ungulates, but this behavior appears to be at least partially an antipredatory behavior. Our findings provide support that predators can influence cattle behavior. C1 [Kluever, Bryan M.] Hayden Wing Assoc, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. [Breck, Stewart W.; Bergman, David L.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Howery, Larry D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Krausman, Paul R.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Kluever, BM (reprint author), Hayden Wing Assoc, 2308 S 8th St, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. EM bmkluever@yahoo.com RI Bergman, David/C-6874-2015 OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 46 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.2111/07-087.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303LO UT WOS:000256042200009 ER PT J AU Clark, PE Johnson, DE Hardegree, SP AF Clark, Patrick E. Johnson, Douglas E. Hardegree, Stuart P. TI A direct approach for ouantifying stream shading SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE field technique; image analysis; measurement; monitoring; riparian; solar radiation; stream temperature; water quality ID WATER TEMPERATURE; GROUND COVER; FOREST; IMAGERY; GROWTH; CREEK; LIGHT; MODEL AB Management and regulatory standards for stream shading have been established to mitigate excessive stream temperature. Existing shade assessment tools, however, are inadequate for monitoring extensive stream networks. Our objectives were to develop and evaluate an efficient, low-cost field technique for sampling stream-surface shading using digital images and to evaluate the efficiencies and effectiveness of eight different digital image analysis techniques for shade assessments. We developed a quadrat-based technique and associated field equipment to directly photograph stream-surface shading. Sampling at random points (pixels) within the resultant digital images was the most accurate, efficient, and robust image analysis technique. An approach pairing the photographic field technique and the random point-sampling image analysis technique should enable managers to conduct ground-based assessments of stream shading over extensive stream networks. This approach may also provide an efficient means of collecting ground truth samples for even broader scale, remote sensing-based stream-shade assessments. C1 [Clark, Patrick E.; Hardegree, Stuart P.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Johnson, Douglas E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM pat.clark@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.2111/07-012.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303LO UT WOS:000256042200011 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP Van Vactor, SS Levinson, DH Winstra, AH AF Hardegree, Stuart P. Van Vactor, Steven S. Levinson, David H. Winstral, Adam H. TI Evaluation of NEXRAD radar precipitation products for natural resource applications SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Doppler radar; meteorology; precipitation; watershed management; WSR-88D ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; US WEATHER SERVICES; RAIN-GAUGE DATA; COMPLEX TERRAIN; PART I; OPERATIONAL USE; UNITED-STATES; FLASH-FLOOD; WSR-88D; REFLECTIVITY AB Timing and amount of precipitation are principal drivers of most rangeland processes, but the availability of rainfall-gauge data over extensive rangelands, particularly in the western United States, is limited. The National Weather Service (NWS), Department of Defense, and Federal Aviation Administration operate a network of Doppler radar stations that produce hourly rainfall estimates, at approximately 16-km(2) resolution, with nominal coverage of 96% of the conterminous United States. Internal utilization of these data by the three agencies is primarily for the detection and modeling of extreme weather events. The usefulness of these data for external hydrologic and natural resource applications is limited by a lack of tools for decoding and georeferencing digital precipitation data products. We modified NWS source code to produce decoding and georeferencing tools and used them to evaluate radar precipitation data for the Boise (CBX) radar relative to gauges in the Snake River Plain of southwestern Idaho for the period January 1998 to May 2004. The relationship between radar and gauge precipitation estimates changed after a revision of radar-processing protocols in 2002 and 2003. Cumulative radar precipitation estimates made prior to November 2002 underestimated gauge readings by 50%-60%. Subsequent radar data overestimated cumulative gauge precipitation by 20%-40%. The radar, however, detected precipitation during significantly fewer hours than were detected by the gauge network both before and after programming changes. Additional modification of NWS precipitation-processing procedures might improve accessibility and utility of these data for rangeland management and natural resource modeling applications. Currently available data can still be very useful for estimating high-intensity events that greatly affect processes such as soil erosion and flooding. C1 [Hardegree, Stuart P.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Van Vactor, Steven S.; Winstral, Adam H.] USDA ARS, NWRC, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Levinson, David H.] Natl Climate Data Ctr, NOAA, NESDIS, Climate Monitoring Branch, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM stuart.hardegree@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 346 EP 353 DI 10.2111/07-036.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303LO UT WOS:000256042200012 ER PT J AU Kronberg, SL AF Kronberg, Scott L. TI Intake of water containing condensed tannin by cattle and sheep SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE livestock; pollution reduction; quebracho tannin ID QUEBRACHO TANNIN; NITROGEN; RUMINANTS; SELECTION; LOCATION; PASTURE; HEALTH AB ingestion of small amounts of condensed tannin (CT) by ruminants can prevent bloat, improve nitrogen retention, and reduce excretion of urea, a precursor of ammonia and the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Because grasses and many forbs don't contain CT, it is desirable to find a reliable way to have ruminant livestock ingest small amounts of CT when they consume high-quality forage. Putting CT in their drinking water may be a reliable approach, but only if all animals drink enough to meet their requirements for water. Therefore, objectives of this study were to determine the amount of variation in intake of water containing different amounts of CT when this was the only water available, and if cattle and sheep would drink water with CT in it if offered tap water simultaneously. Animals were penned or pastured individually, fed twice daily (first cattle and sheep trial) or grazed (second cattle trial) and had ad libitum access to tannin water, tap water, or both. Liquid intake was measured daily. Steers drank tannin solutions (mean daily intake 49.7-58.3 kg), but variation in intake among steers was higher than for tap water (SD were 44%-58% greater for the two most concentrated tannin solutions). At the highest concentration of tannin, steers ingested 2.3% of their daily feed intake in CT. During most of the preference trial, steers preferred water over tannin water when offered both simultaneously (P <= 0.002), but drank some tannin water each day. Sheep drank tannin solutions, but individual variation in tannin solution intakes were greater than for tap water. Placing CT in water of cattle and sheep may be a useful way to put small amounts of CT in them. However, they will likely drink less tannin water if normal water is available. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Kronberg, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM scott.kronberg@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 354 EP 358 DI 10.2111/07-024.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303LO UT WOS:000256042200013 ER PT J AU Tajibaeva, L Haight, RG Polasky, S AF Tajibaeva, Liaila Haight, Robert G. Polasky, Stephen TI A discrete-space urban model with environmental amenities SO RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE open space; environmental amenities; discrete urban economics model ID SPATIAL STRUCTURE; GREENBELT; VALUES; SPRAWL AB This paper analyzes the effects of providing environmental amenities associated with open space in a discrete-space urban model and characterizes optimal provision of open space across a metropolitan area. The discrete-space model assumes distinct neighborhoods in which developable land is homogeneous within a neighborhood but heterogeneous across neighborhoods. Open space provides environmental amenities within the neighborhood it is located and may provide amenities in other neighborhoods (amenity spillover). We solve for equilibrium under various assumptions about amenity spillover effects and transportation costs in both open-city (with in- and out-migration) and closed-city (fixed population) versions of the model. Increasing open space tends to increase equilibrium housing density and price within a neighborhood. In an open-city model, open space provision also increases housing density and price in other neighborhoods if there is an amenity spillover effect. In a closed-city model, housing density and prices in other neighborhoods can decrease if the pull of the local amenity value is stronger than the push from reduced availability of developable land. We use numerical simulation to solve for the optimal pattern of open space in two examples: a simple symmetric case and a simulation based on the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, USA. With no amenity spillover, it is optimal to provide the same amount of open space in all neighborhoods regardless of transportation cost. With amenity spillover effects and relatively high transportation cost, it is optimal to provide open space in a greenbelt at the edge of the city. With low transportation cost, open space is provided throughout the city with the exception of neighborhoods on the periphery of the city, where the majority of the population lives. A greenbelt still occurs but its location is inside the city. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tajibaeva, Liaila] Ryerson Univ, Dept Econ, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. [Haight, Robert G.] USDA, Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Tajibaeva, L (reprint author), Ryerson Univ, Dept Econ, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. EM ltajibaeva@ryerson.ca NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-7655 J9 RESOUR ENERGY ECON JI Resour. Energy Econ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 170 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.reseneeco.2007.09.001 PG 27 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295AG UT WOS:000255446800004 ER PT J AU Liu, B Glenn, D Buckley, K AF Liu, Bo Glenn, Deborah Buckley, Katrina TI Trichoderma communities in soils from organic, sustainable, and conventional farms, and their relation with Southern blight of tomato SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Trichoderma spp.; organic and conventional; dilution plating; DGGE; DNA sequence analysis; canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ID SCLEROTIUM-ROLFSII; AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; FERTILITY AMENDMENTS; ECOLOGY; CARBON; GLIOCLADIUM; ECOSYSTEMS; BIOLOGY AB The objectives of this research were to investigate the relationship between propagule numbers and genetic diversity of Trichoderma species and Southern blight of tomato caused by soilborne plant pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii in soils with long-term organic, sustainable, and conventional farms. Dilution plating was use to quantify the propagule numbers of Trichoderma, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA sequence analysis were used to identify Trichoderma species, and greenhouse assay were conducted for soil suppressiveness to Southern blight. The propagule numbers of Trichoderma tend to be higher in soils front conventional farms. There was no clear separation for the propagule numbers of Trichoderma based on different management systems using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). However, there was general separation for total microbial communities based on organic and conventional management systems using CCA. That suggests that the difference of soil suppressiveness to disease from organic, sustainable, and conventional farms is due to the difference of the total microbial diversity but not directly due to the Trichoderma populations in each farming system. The propagule numbers of soil Trichoderma did not significantly correlate with the diseases suppressiveness, although individual species of Trichoderma harzianum was shown to be related to disease suppressiveness. Moreover, several Trichoderma species were found in the soil tested based on DGGE and DNA sequence analysis. Trichoderma hamatum, T. harzianum, Trichoderma virens, and Trichoderma erinaecem were the most abundant species in tested soil. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liu, Bo] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Glenn, Deborah] USDA, ARS, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Buckley, Katrina] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Liu, B (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lbo2@ncsu.edu NR 47 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1124 EP 1136 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.005 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 295RW UT WOS:000255492600013 ER PT J AU Clapp, CE Shenker, M Hayes, MHB Liu, R Cline, VW Palazzo, AJ Gen, Y AF Clapp, C. Edward Shenker, Moshe Hayes, Michael H. B. Liu, Raymond Cline, Van W. Palazzo, Antonio J. Gen, Yona TI Microsystems for rapid evaluation of plant growth response to organic amendments SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bio-assay; humic substances; organic matter; plant response ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; COMPOST MATURITY; STIMULATION; MATTER; SOILS AB Organic matter (OM)-based amendments offered to farmers vary greatly in their source, properties, and effectiveness. Some of these are produced from natural organic resources, whereas others originate from recycled organic waste, in part as an environment-friendly low-cost alternative to waste disposal. Stimulatory effects of OM on plant growth have been noticed in many systems, but a few reports have indicated negative effects. Many factors and interactions dictate plant response to these materials, and not all are well understood. Procedures that can be used to evaluate OM composition and characteristics that might affect plant growth are complicated and expensive. Deleterious effects of OM additions are frequently associated with a nonmature status of the decomposing material, but maturity is difficult to define. Evaluation of humic substances (HS)-based products is even more complex and needs improvement of the available methodologies. This article presents two simple versatile bioassay methods carried out in microplates or pouches for screening and evaluating soluble organic products for agronomic and horticultural use. To illustrate the two methods, we present microplate experiments with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) that provide an evaluation of plant response to N rates spanning from deficient to excessive levels (0.9-57.6 mg N L-1) and to 11 different soluble HS products. The pouch method is presented by soybean (Glycine max L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) experiments that evaluate plant response to two HS and determine whether it is related to Fe or Zn mediation by the tested substances. The two methods are shown to be sensitive for nutritional factors and could effectively rank various OM materials from being deleterious to stimulatory to plant growth. C1 [Clapp, C. Edward] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Clapp, C. Edward] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Shenker, Moshe; Gen, Yona] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Soil & Water Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Hayes, Michael H. B.] Univ Limerick, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Limerick, Ireland. [Liu, Raymond] CK Life Sci Ltd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Cline, Van W.] Toro Co, Bloomington, MN 55420 USA. [Palazzo, Antonio J.] USACOE, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Clapp, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM eclapp@umn.edu RI Hayes, Michael/C-3463-2011 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 173 IS 5 BP 342 EP 349 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31816d1ef7 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 301GT UT WOS:000255885100005 ER PT J AU Olmanson, OK Ochsner, TE AF Olmanson, Ole K. Ochsner, Tyson E. TI A partial cylindrical thermo-time domain reflectometry sensor SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; HEAT-PULSE METHOD; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ERROR ANALYSIS; PROBE; CAPACITY C1 [Ochsner, Tyson E.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Olmanson, Ole K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ochsner, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ochsner@umn.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0084 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 301MM UT WOS:000255900300001 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. Stuedemann, John A. TI Early response of soil organic fractions to tillage and integrated crop-livestock production SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; GRAZED TALL FESCUE; NITROGEN POOLS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; CLIMAX ECOSYSTEMS; TERM CHANGES; COVER CROPS; NO-TILLAGE AB Tillage, cropping system, and cover cropping are important management variables that control the quantity, quality, and placement of organic matter inputs to soil. How soil organic matter and its different fractions respond to management has not been comprehensively studied in integrated crop-livestock systems. We conducted a 3-yr field experiment on a Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia in which long-term pasture was terminated and converted to annual crops. Tillage systems were conventional (CT, moldboard plowed initially and disked thereafter) and no-till (NT). Cropping systems were summer grain with winter cover crop and winter grain with summer cover crop. Cover crops were either grazed by cattle or left unharvested. Total organic C was highly stratified with depth under NT and relatively uniformly distributed with depth under CT All soil C and N fractions were greater under NT than under CT at a depth of 0 to 6 cm. Tillage system had the most dominant influence on all soil C and N fractions, and cropping system the least. At the end of 3 yr, total organic C at a depth of 0 to 30 cm was lower under CT than under NT (42.6 vs. 47.4 Mg ha(-1) [P < 0.001]). Potential C mineralization was also lower under CT than under NT (1240 vs. 1371 kg ha(-1) during 24 d [P = 0.02]). At a depth of 0 to 30 cm, cover crop management had no effect on soil C and N fractions, but within the surface 6 cm some changes occurred with grazing of cover crops by cattle, the most dramatic of which were 1 +/- 9% increase in soil microbial biomass C and 3 +/- 16% decrease in potential C mineralization. To preserve high surface-soil C and N fractions and total plow-layer contents, NT cropping following termination of perennial pasture is recommended. In addition, since cattle grazing cover crops did not consistently negatively influence soil C and N fractions, integrated crop-livestock systems are recommended as a viable conservation approach while intensifying agricultural land use. C1 [Franzluebbers, Alan J.; Stuedemann, John A.] USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conserv Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conserv Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 26 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 613 EP 625 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0121 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 301MM UT WOS:000255900300006 ER PT J AU Ritchey, KD Boyer, DG Turner, KE Snuffer, JD AF Ritchey, K. Dale Boyer, Dougids G. Turner, Kenneth E. Snuffer, J. Diane TI Goat urine and limestone affect nitrogen and cation distributions in an acidic grassland SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC SHEEP URINE; SOIL; LYSIMETERS; PASTURES; CALCIUM; IMPACT AB Prior surface application of limestone may influence soil changes resulting from high rates of urine deposition occurring where goats (Capra aegagrus hircus L.) congregate. A quantity of limestone equivalent to 0 and 6720 kg ha(-1) was surface applied to vegetated 45-cm-deep columns of a Typic Hapludult soil collected from an abandoned Fescue spp. grassland in southern West Virginia. Eighteen weeks after lime application, one, two, or three applications of urine supplying a total of 36, 98, or 177 g m(-2) of N, respectively, were made. One and two applications of urine increased vegetative growth and decreased the amount of water leaching through the column, but the third addition damaged plants. The three-addition treatment reduced the amount of N taken up by the plants, decreased transpiration, increased leachate volume, and resulted in a 12-fold increase in the amount of N leached from the columns compared with the one-application treatment. Leachate Ca, Mg, and K were increased by urine. Soil pH and extractable Ca and Mg were decreased by urine and increased by limestone, and extractable Al was increased by urine and decreased by limestone applications. Net amounts of N recovered as NH3 gas released to the atmosphere, N taken up into aboveground plant material, NH4+ and NO3- extracted from soil, and NH4+ and NO3- in drainage water ranged from 49 to 77% of the amount added. Surface application of limestone alleviated some of the detrimental effects of high rates of urine addition by increasing levels of pH, Ca, and Mg and reducing Al as deep as 28 cm in the profile. C1 [Ritchey, K. Dale; Boyer, Dougids G.; Turner, Kenneth E.; Snuffer, J. Diane] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Ritchey, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Dale.Ritchey@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 626 EP 633 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0129 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 301MM UT WOS:000255900300007 ER PT J AU Brown, TT Koenig, RT Huggins, DR Harsh, JB Rossi, RE AF Brown, Tabitha T. Koenig, Richard T. Huggins, David R. Harsh, James B. Rossi, Richard E. TI Lime effects on soil acidity, crop yield, and aluminum chemistry in direct-seeded cropping systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONVENTIONALLY TILLED CORN; NORTHERN IDAHO; ORGANIC RESIDUES; CALCIUM-SULFATE; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; NO-TILLAGE; TOXICITY; WHEAT; ACIDIFICATION; ALLEVIATION AB Our objective was to assess the efficacy of lime to lower soil acidity, alter Al chemistry, and increase crop yield in a direct-seeded system. Treatments of subsurface banded fertilizer (120-168 kg N ha(-1) y(-1)) alone or with subsurface banded lime (224 kg ha(-1) y(-1)), or a one-time broadcast application of lime (7000 kg ha(-1)) or elemental S (1000 kg ha(-1)) were initiated in spring 2002. Grain yield was measured annually from 2002 to 2005 in a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-winter wheat rotation. Soil was sampled in spring 2004 to assess pH and model Al speciation. Low pH was evident at the depth of fertilizer placement (5-10 cm). Broadcast lime increased pH in the surface 15 cm, although reductions in Al3+ activity [(Al3+)] occurred only in the 0- to 5-cm layer. Relative to banded N, there was no increase in pH at the 5- to 10-cm depth where banded lime was placed. At the 0- to 5-cm depth, lower pHs were observed with broadcast S (4.6) compared with the banded N control (5.1) or banded lime (5.0). There was no effect of treatment on yield. Modeling suggests that soluble Al is dominated by organic matter-Al complexes (fulvic acid, FA; FA(2)Al(+) and FA(2)AlOH(0)). Solid- and solution-phase organic complexes may control (Al3+) at pH <5.5. Although acidification is a concern in the IPNW, the high organic matter content in direct-seeded soils may buffer against Al phytotoxicity. C1 [Brown, Tabitha T.; Koenig, Richard T.; Harsh, James B.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Huggins, David R.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Manage & Water Conserv Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rossi, Richard E.] John Deere Agri Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Koenig, RT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, POB 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM richk@wsu.edu RI Harsh, James/C-7455-2014 OI Harsh, James/0000-0002-0177-3342 NR 49 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 8 U2 40 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 634 EP 640 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0061 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 301MM UT WOS:000255900300008 ER PT J AU Vaughan, RE Needelman, BA Kleinman, PJA Rabenhorst, MC AF Vaughan, Robert E. Needelman, Brian A. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Rabenhorst, Martin C. TI Morphology and characterization of ditch soils at an Atlantic Coastal Plain farm SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DELAWARE AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGEWAYS; WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS TRANSFORMATIONS; SEDIMENTS; STATES; IRON; SULFUR; ISLAND; FORMS AB Some materials in drainage ditches that have traditionally been referred to and studied as sediments may be soils. In this study, we described and characterized materials found within agricultural ditches at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore Research Farm (Princess Anne, MD). Sixty-nine profiles were described in 10 ditches ranging in length from 225 to 550 m. Particle size, pH, and organic C were analyzed on 21 representative profiles. The materials met the definition of a soil in that they supported rooted vegetation. Samples of initial parent material were not collected; however, evidence was observed that horizons had formed through pedogenic processes including organic matter humification and accumulation, structure formation, Fe oxidation and reduction, sulfuricization, sulfidization, translocation, and bioturbation. Ditch soils were generally A horizons formed in loamy alluvial sediments eroded from loess-derived topsoil over gravelly and sandy C horizons formed in Coastal Plain sediments. Soil structure was described in 75% of A horizons. Redoximorphic features were described in 41% of A and 63% of C horizons. Organic C ranged from 0.4 to 124 g kg(-1). Monosulfidic black oozes were observed on some soil surfaces; geological sulfidic materials were observed at depth. Shallow ditches (<1.5 m) tended to have structure and a layer in the substratum with a bright matrix color. Deep ditches (1.5-4 m) tended to have high n value, structureless sola, and Fe-depleted subsoil horizons. The presence of plants and the operation of pedologic processes may significantly affect ditch ecosystems and environmental functions. C1 [Vaughan, Robert E.; Needelman, Brian A.; Rabenhorst, Martin C.] Univ Maryland, Dep Environ Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Needelman, BA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Environ Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bneed@umd.edu NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 660 EP 669 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0102 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 301MM UT WOS:000255900300011 ER PT J AU Baumhardt, RL Ones, OR Schwartz, RC AF Baumhardt, R. L. Ones, O. R. Schwartz, R. C. TI Long-term effects of profile-modifying deep plowing on soil properties and crop yield SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SLOWLY PERMEABLE SOIL; PENETRATION RESISTANCE; WATER INFILTRATION; GRAIN-YIELD; TILLAGE; DRYLAND; WHEAT; IRRIGATION; SORGHUM; MANAGEMENT AB Increasing precipitation storage as plant-available soil water increases dryland crop yields on the semiarid southern Great Plains. The dominant soil in this region is a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll), which features dense subsoil layers that limit infiltration and root proliferation. Deep (similar to 0.7 m) plowing may eliminate these layers, but the duration of treatment efficacy must be sufficient to recoup costs. Our objective was to quantify the long-term effects of deep plowing on soil bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), ponded infiltration, and crop yield. In fall 1971, paired 24- by 460-m level conservation bench terrace plots at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX (35 degrees 11'N, 102 degrees 5'W) were moldboard plowed to 0.7 m or untreated and, subsequently, maintained with conventional sweep tillage. Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was grown intermittently during the next 34 yr for 15 paired yield comparisons. Compared with the control, deep plowing significantly decreased BD and PR and increased water infiltration. Long-term mean grain yield of 2.86 Mg ha(-1) with deep plowing was greater (P < 0.05) than the 2.61 Mg ha(-1) yield in control plots. Approximately 89% of the 15-yr 3.75 Mg ha(-1) cumulative yield increase with deep plowing occurred during 4 yr with large early growing season rains. We attributed this yield increase with deep plowing to greater internal drainage that reduced crop injury during infrequent floods and not greater root growth through the dense subsoil. Thirty years after deep plowing, high water intake suggests that flow-limiting subsoil layers had not yet redeveloped. The sustained deep-plowing benefit extends the period to recoup the 1971 plowing costs of US$160 ha(-1). C1 [Baumhardt, R. L.; Schwartz, R. C.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Ones, O. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Res & Ext Ctr, Amarillo, TX USA. RP Baumhardt, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM R.Louis.Baumhardt@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0122 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 301MM UT WOS:000255900300013 ER PT J AU Bayley, RM Ippolito, JA Stromberger, ME Barbarick, KA Paschke, MW AF Bayley, R. M. Ippolito, J. A. Stromberger, M. E. Barbarick, K. A. Paschke, M. W. TI Water treatment residuals and biosolids coapplications affect semiarid rangeland phosphorus cycling SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ALUM SLUDGE; SORPTION CAPACITY; AMENDED SOILS; PLANT-GROWTH; FRACTIONATION; CULTIVATION; IMMOBILIZATION; PHOSPHATE; DYNAMICS AB Land coapplication of water treatment residuals (WTR) with biosolids has not been extensively researched, but the limited studies performed suggest that WTR sorb excess biosolids-borne P To understand the long-term effects of a single coapplication and the short-term impacts of a repeated coapplication on soil P inorganic and organic transformations, 7.5- by 15-m plots with treatments of three different WTR rates with a single biosolids rate (5, 10, and 21 Mg WTR ha(-1) and 10 Mg biosolids ha(-1)) surface coapplied once in 1991 or surface reapplied in 2002 were utilized. Soils from the 0- to 5-cm depth were collected in 2003 and 2004 and were sequentially fractionated for inorganic and organic P (P-o). Inorganic P fractionation determined (i) soluble and loosely bound, (ii) Al-bound, (iii) Fe-bound, (iv) occluded, and (v) Ca-bound P, while organic P fractionation determined (i) labile, (ii) biomass, (iii) moderately labile, (iv) fulvic acid, (v) humic acid, and (vi) nonlabile associated P-o. Pathway analysis showed that humic, fulvic, and nonlabile P-o did not play a role in P transformations. Biomass P-o and moderately labile P-o contributed to the transitory labile P-o pool. Labile P-o was a P source for Fe-bound and WTR-bound inorganic phases, with the Fe-bound phase transitory to the occluded P sink. The AI-bound phase additionally contributed to the occluded P sink. The Ca-bound phase weathered and released P to both the Fe-bound and WTR-bound P phases. Overall, the WTR fraction, even 13 yr after the initial application, acted as the major stable P sink. C1 [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS, NW Irrig & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Bayley, R. M.] USDA, NRCS, Wheatland, WY 82201 USA. [Stromberger, M. E.; Barbarick, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Paschke, M. W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrig & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; Stromberger, Mary/C-3070-2013; Paschke, Mark/E-3799-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; Stromberger, Mary/0000-0002-5862-2932; Paschke, Mark/0000-0002-6345-5905 NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0109 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 301MM UT WOS:000255900300017 ER PT J AU Meadows, JS Skojac, DA AF Meadows, James S. Skojac, Daniel A., Jr. TI A new tree classification system for southern hardwoods SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE partial cutting; thinning; marking guidelines AB A new tree dassification system for southern hardwoods is described. The new system is based on the Putnam tree classification system, originally developed by Putnam et al., 1960, Management and inventory of southern hardwoods, Agriculture Handbook 181, US For. Serv., Washington, D(, which consists of four tree classes: (I) preferred growing stock, (2) reserve growing stock, (3) cutting stock, and (4) cull stock. Tree classes under the Putnam system are used as a basis for planning partial cuttings and for developing marking rules in southern hardwood forests. However, there are critical problems associated with field use of this system: (I) the reserve growing stock class is too broad and poorly defined; (2) in most partial cutting operations, the timber marker must decide which reserve growing stock trees to cut and which ones to leave; (3) the timber marker must try to mark the stand to some prescribed, quantitative level of residual density; and (4) the timber marker often is forced to either leave low-quality trees or cut high-quality trees to maintain the target residual density uniformly across the stand. Overall stand quality,often is compromised through use of the Putnam tree classification system and through strict adherence to the concept of stand density management. Our new tree classification system consists of five classes used only for sawtimber-sized trees: (1) preferred growing stock, (2) desirable growing stock, (3) acceptable growing stock, (4) cutting stock, and (5) cull stock; and two classes used only for poletimber-sized trees: (1) superior poletimber stock and (2) inferior poletimber stock. Data from one of our hardwood thinning studies are used to illustrate differences between the Putnam and the new tree classification systems. Potential uses and adaptations of the new tree classification system are described also. C1 [Meadows, James S.; Skojac, Daniel A., Jr.] US Forest Serv, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Meadows, JS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn,POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM smeadows01@fs.fed.us; dskojac@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 69 EP 79 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 297LR UT WOS:000255618700003 ER PT J AU Loucks, E Arthur, MA Lyons, JE Loftis, DL AF Loucks, Elizabeth Arthur, Mary A. Lyons, Jessi E. Loftis, David L. TI Characterization of fuel before and after a single prescribed fire in an Appalachian hardwood forest SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest floor; litter; duff; landscape position; fuel continuity ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; MIXED-OAK FORESTS; GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS; TEMPERATURE; DECOMPOSITION; OHIO; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; MISSOURI; DYNAMICS AB Improved understanding of how fuel loads and prescribed fire interact in Appalachian hardwood forests can help managers evaluate the impacts of increased use of prescribed fire in the region. The objective of this study was to characterize fuel loads before and after a single late-winter/early spring prescribed fire and after autumn leaf fall. A repeated measures split-plot design was used to examine dead and down fuels by treatment, sampling time, and landscape position. Preburn mean fuel mass was 40.5 Mg/ha with the duff (Oea) comprising the largest component (19.5 Mg/ha; 48%), followed by large (more than 7.6 cm in diameter) downed logs (9.6 Mg/ha; 24%). Fuel mass was similar across landscape positions; however, duff depth was greater on subxeric compared with intermediate and submesic landscape positions. Burning reduced litter mass (0i; P < 0.001) and duff depth (P = 0.01). changes in woody fuels (1-, 10-, 100-, and 1,000-hour) and duff mass were not statistically significant. Post-leaf fall fuel masses did not differ from preburn masses. Thus, a single prescribed burn did not accomplish significant fuel reduction. However, significant declines in duff depth and fuel bed continuity may limit the spread of fire beyond leaf fall and increase potential for soil erosion. This study contributes to the dialogue regarding the use of fire in the Appalachian forest region and impacts on fuel loads. C1 [Loucks, Elizabeth; Arthur, Mary A.; Lyons, Jessi E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Loftis, David L.] US Forest Serv, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Loucks, E (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM lizloucks@yahoo.com; marthur@uky.edu; jessi.lyons@gmail.com; dloftis@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 80 EP 88 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 297LR UT WOS:000255618700004 ER PT J AU Hyten, DL Song, Q Choi, IY Yoon, MS Specht, JE Matukumalli, LK Nelson, RL Shoemaker, RC Young, ND Cregan, PB AF Hyten, David L. Song, Qijian Choi, Ik-Young Yoon, Mun-Sup Specht, James E. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Nelson, Randall L. Shoemaker, Randy C. Young, Nevin D. Cregan, Perry B. TI High-throughput genotyping with the GoldenGate assay in the complex genome of soybean SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; DNA MARKERS; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS AB Large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are now available for a number of crop species. However, the high-throughput methods for multiplexing SNP assays are untested in complex genomes, such as soybean, that have a high proportion of paralogous genes. The Illumina GoldenGate assay is capable of multiplexing from 96 to 1,536 SNPs in a single reaction over a 3-day period. We tested the GoldenGate assay in soybean to determine the success rate of converting verified SNPs into working assays. A custom 384-SNP GoldenGate assay was designed using SNPs that had been discovered through the resequencing of five diverse accessions that are the parents of three recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping populations. The 384 SNPs that were selected for this custom assay were predicted to segregate in one or more of the RIL mapping populations. Allelic data were successfully generated for 89% of the SNP loci (342 of the 384) when it was used in the three RIL mapping populations, indicating that the complex nature of the soybean genome had little impact on conversion of the discovered SNPs into usable assays. In addition, 80% of the 342 mapped SNPs had a minor allele frequency > 10% when this assay was used on a diverse sample of Asian landrace germplasm accessions. The high success rate of the GoldenGate assay makes this a useful technique for quickly creating high density genetic maps in species where SNP markers are rapidly becoming available. C1 [Hyten, David L.; Song, Qijian; Choi, Ik-Young; Yoon, Mun-Sup; Cregan, Perry B.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Song, Qijian] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Choi, Ik-Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Instrument Ctr Environm Management, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Yoon, Mun-Sup] Natl Inst Agr Biotechnol, Genet Resources Div, Suwon 441707, South Korea. [Specht, James E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Cregan, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Bldg 006,Rm 100, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Perry.Cregan@ars.usda.gov RI CHOI, Ik-Young/H-3366-2012; OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389 NR 25 TC 148 Z9 150 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 116 IS 7 BP 945 EP 952 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0726-2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 287HG UT WOS:000254907200006 PM 18278477 ER PT J AU An, C Saha, S Jenkins, JN Ma, DP Scheffleer, BE Kohel, RJ Yu, JZ Stelly, DM AF An, Chuanfu Saha, Sukumar Jenkins, Johnie N. Ma, Din-Pow Scheffleer, Brian E. Kohel, Russell J. Yu, John Z. Stelly, David M. TI Cotton (Gossypium spp.) R2R3-MYB transcription factors SNP identification, phylogenomic characterization, chromosome localization, and linkage mapping SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BACKCROSS-SELF APPROACH; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; FIBER-RELATED TRAITS; PCR-BASED MARKERS; UPLAND COTTON; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; HIRSUTUM L.; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; QTL ANALYSIS AB R2R3-MYB transcription factors of plants are involved in the regulation of trichome length and density. Several of them are differentially expressed during initiation and elongation of cotton fibers. We report sequence phylogenomic characterization of the six MYB genes, their chromosomal localization, and linkage mapping via SNP marker in AD-genome cotton (2n = 52). Phylogenetic grouping and comparison to At- and Dt-genome putative ancestral diploid species of allotetraploid cotton facilitated differentiation between genome-specific polymorphisms (GSPs) and marker-suitable locus-specific polymorphisms (LSPs). The SNP frequency averaged one per 77 bases overall, and one per 106 and 30 bases in coding and non-coding regions, respectively. SNP-based multivariate relationships conformed to independent evolution of the six MYB homoeologous loci in the four tetraploid species. Nucleotide diversity analysis indicated that the six MYB loci evolved more quickly in the Dt- than At-genome. The greater variation in the Dt-D genome comparisons than that in At-A genome comparisons showed no significant bias among synonymous substitution, non-synonymous substitution, and nucleotide change in non-coding regions. SNPs were concordantly mapped by deletion analysis and linkage mapping, which confirmed their value as candidate gene markers and indicated the reliability of the SNP discovery strategy in tetraploid cotton species. We consider that these SNPs may be useful for genetic dissection of economically important fiber and yield traits because of the role of these genes in fiber development. C1 [Saha, Sukumar; Jenkins, Johnie N.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [An, Chuanfu] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Ma, Din-Pow] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Scheffleer, Brian E.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Kohel, Russell J.; Yu, John Z.] USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Stelly, David M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ssaha@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI An, Chuanfu/G-5521-2011; OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 85 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 116 IS 7 BP 1015 EP 1026 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0732-4 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 287HG UT WOS:000254907200012 PM 18338155 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, MM Owens, CL AF Cadle-Davidson, Molly M. Owens, Christopher L. TI Genomic amplification of the Gret1 retroelement in white-fruited accessions of wild Vitis and interspecific hybrids SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FLAVONOID GENE-EXPRESSION; PETUNIA-HYBRIDA; VINIFERA L.; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTATION; REGULATORY GENES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ANTIRRHINUM-MAJUS; COLOR VARIATION; GRAPE AB Retrotransposons are retro virus-related mobile sequences that have the potential to replicate via RNA intermediates and increase the genome size by insertion into new sites. The retroelement, Gret1, has been identified as playing a key role in generating fruit color variation in cultivated grape (Vitis vinifera L.) due to its insertion into the promoter of VvMybA1. Fruit color variation is an important distinguishing feature of cultivated grapes and virtually no fruit color variation is observed in wild grape species. The presence and relative copy number of Gret1 was assessed using quantitative PCR on 22 different Vitis species, only four of which (plus interspecific hybrids) are known to contain white accessions. Gret1 copy number was observed to vary by species as well as by color within species and was significantly higher in white-fruited accessions across all taxa tested. Additionally, genomic regions surrounding Gret1 insertion were sequenced in white V. vinifera, hybrid, V. labrusca, V. aestivalis, and V. riparia accessions. C1 [Cadle-Davidson, Molly M.; Owens, Christopher L.] ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, USDA, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Cadle-Davidson, MM (reprint author), ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, USDA, 630 W North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM molly.cadledavidson@ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 116 IS 8 BP 1079 EP 1094 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0737-z PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 307YA UT WOS:000256354300004 PM 18335200 ER PT J AU Minter, LJ DeLiberto, TJ AF Minter, L. J. DeLiberto, T. J. TI Seasonal variation in serum testosterone, testicular volume, and semen characteristics in the coyote (Canis latrans) SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coyote; seasonality; semen; electroejaculation; testosterone ID SPERMATOZOA; MORPHOLOGY; EJACULATE; MOTILITY; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; CHEETAH; CELLS; CYCLE; FSH AB The coyote is a seasonally breeding mammal, with most copulations occurring between December and April (depending on location). The objective of this study was to characterize seasonal changes in serum testosterone concentrations, testicular volume, and ejaculate quantity and quality in captive male coyotes. There were seasonal differences in testicular volume, with the greatest volume (20.2 +/- 5.4 cm(2), mean +/- S.E.M.) in February, corresponding with peak breeding season. Circulating serum testosterone concentrations peaked (3.31 +/- 0.9 ng/mL) during January and were positively correlated (P <= 0.001, r=0.413) with testicular volume. Ejaculate volume (1.67 +/- 0.4 mL) and sperm concentration (549.2x10(6) +/- 297.7 spermatozoa/mL) both peaked during January and February, consistent with the height of the breeding season. Ejaculate volume and sperm concentrations were positively correlated with testicular size (r=0.679, P < 0.001 and r=0.499, P < 0.001, respectively) and with serum testosterone concentrations (r=0.368, P <= 0.01 and r=0.208, P <= 0.05). Progressively motile, viable, and morphologically normal spermatozoa fluctuated seasonally, peaked (90.4 +/- 4.5, 84.8 +/- 4.1, and 87.9 +/- 2.9%) during the breeding season, and then subsequently declined (period of aspermatogenesis). All three of these end points were positively correlated with testicular size (r=0.589, P <= 0.001; r=0.586, P <= 0.001; and r=0.469; P <= 0.001) and serum testosterone (r=0.167, P <= 0.05; r=0.190, P <= 0.05; and r=0.221, P <= 0.01). In conclusion, there were intricate relationships among testosterone concentrations, testicular volume, and the production of both functionally intact and morphologically normal spermatozoa. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All fights reserved. C1 [Minter, L. J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [DeLiberto, T. J.] Predator Res Ctr, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS WS, Millville, UT 84326 USA. RP Minter, LJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ljminter@yahoo.com; thomas.j.deliberto@aphis.usda.gov NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 69 IS 8 BP 946 EP 952 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.01.010 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 291AL UT WOS:000255164600006 PM 18359065 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Woods, LC Long, JA Welch, GR AF Guthrie, H. D. Woods, L. C., III Long, J. A. Welch, G. R. TI Effects of osmolality on inner mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP content in spermatozoa recovered from the testes of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; JC-1; carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; spermatozoa motility ID SPERM MOTILITY; ACTIVATION; IODIDE AB The objective was to determine the effects of osmolality on the energy status of testicular spermatozoa of striped bass incubated in a TRIS free base-NaCl medium (pH 8) adjusted to either 300 (T300) or 600 mOsm/kg (T600) with NaCl. High mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential (Delta Psi(m)) was assessed (flow cytometry) with the mitochondrial probe 5, 5', 6, 6'-tetrachloro-1, 1', 3, 3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl- carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) and ATP was measured with a luciferin-luciferase assay. Spermatozoa maintained on ice were equally viable (> 95% for T300 and T600) for up to 80 min, whereas sperm viability in artificial fresh water (FW) at 27 mOsm/kg decreased (P < 0.05) to 67% after 5 min, with only 3.5% viability at 25 min. After 20 min of staining, more spermatozoa (P < 0.05) maintained a high Delta Psi(m) in T300 than in T600 (80 and 50%, respectively). Sperm JC-1 aggregate (J(agg)) fluorescence intensity was also greater (P < 0.05) in T300 than in T600 (10 and 5 channel number). The J(agg) fluorescence was a function of oxidative phosphorylation; the percentage of cells containing J(agg) fluorescence decreased to 3% in the presence of carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), an uncoupler of cell respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. After incubation for 30 min in the absence of CCCP, sperm ATP concentration was greater (P < 0.05) in T300 than in T600 (2.0 vs. 0.2 pmol/10(6) cells), but was below delectability in the presence of CCCP in either medium. In conclusion, we developed a unique approach to assess the energetic status of striped bass spermatozoa during storage and after activation, and concluded that the effects of osmolality must be considered in the design of activating and storage extenders to maintain striped bass sperm motility, viability, and fertility in vitro. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Guthrie, H. D.; Long, J. A.; Welch, G. R.] USDA, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Woods, L. C., III] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), USDA, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dave.guthrie@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 69 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1012 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.01.021 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 291AL UT WOS:000255164600014 PM 18359505 ER PT J AU Zhang, HZ Theling, T Prins, SCB Smith, EP Hudy, M AF Zhang, Huizi Theling, Teresa Prins, Samantha C. Bates Smith, Eric P. Hudy, Mark TI Model-based clustering in a brook trout classification study within the eastern United States SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXOTIC RAINBOW-TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; STREAMS; POPULATION; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; AREA AB Data collected on the population status (extirpated or present) of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis at the landscape level across the eastern United States is useful for identifying important stressors and predicting brook trout status at the watershed level. However, when dealing with data compiled over a large region, a single model may not adequately describe relationships between variables. To find models with better classification performance, we used a Monte Carlo model-based clustering method with logistic regression models to obtain subregions with good predictive performance. To subdivide the eastern United States into subregions, we used Voronoi tessellations with randomly selected centers. The average fraction correctly classified for fit was the criterion used when searching for optimal models within clusters. Logistic regression models were chosen by stepwise selection based on five explanatory variables: elevation, percentage of forested land, percentage of agricultural land, road density, and an environmental factor (depositional NO3 and SO4). Application of the method to the brook trout status data set resulted in six subregions and improved predictive ability by approximately 20% relative to the single regionwide model. Resulting models were also more interpretable than the single model and reflected effects at a smaller spatial scale. In contrast to results of the single model, the role of elevation in the six subregional models was consistent with expectations and indicated an increased probability of brook trout presence with increased elevation. The resulting models should be useful for identification and prioritizing sites for restoration and recovery programs. C1 [Zhang, Huizi; Smith, Eric P.] Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Theling, Teresa; Hudy, Mark] James Madison Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Prins, Samantha C. Bates] James Madison Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Smith, EP (reprint author), Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM epsmith@vt.edu RI Hudy, Mark/D-4106-2013 NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 841 EP 851 DI 10.1577/T06-142.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000017 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS El-Mashad, HM Avena-Bustillos, RJ Dunn, RO Bechtel, PJ McHugh, TH Imam, SH Glenn, GM Orts, WJ Zhang, R AF Chiou, B. -S. El-Mashad, H. M. Avena-Bustillos, R. J. Dunn, R. O. Bechtel, P. J. McHugh, T. H. Imam, S. H. Glenn, G. M. Orts, W. J. Zhang, R. TI Biodiesel from waste salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE biodiesel; fish by-product; salmon oil ID OIL STABILITY INDEX; ACID METHYL-ESTERS; VEGETABLE-OILS; DIESEL FUELS; TRANSESTERIFICATION; CONVERSION; FATS AB Salmon oils separated from salmon processing waste and hydrolysate and their derived methyl esters were analyzed and compared with corn oil and its methyl ester. These materials were characterized for their fatty acid profiles, viscosity, volatility, thermal properties, low temperature properties, oxidative stability, and heating value. The salmon oil methyl esters contained 26.64% saturated fatty acid methyl esters compared to 13.68% for corn oil methyl ester. Salmon oil methyl esters also contained relatively high concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6) acid methyl esters. Despite these differences in fatty acid composition, salmon and corn oil methyl esters had comparable physical properties. In addition, the methyl esters produced from salmon oils extracted from fish processing by-products and hydrolysate showed little difference in their physical properties. C1 [Chiou, B. -S.; Avena-Bustillos, R. J.; McHugh, T. H.; Imam, S. H.; Glenn, G. M.; Orts, W. J.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [El-Mashad, H. M.; Zhang, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunn, R. O.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bechtel, P. J.] Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Chiou, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bschiou@pw.usda.gov RI Ye, Peng/E-2742-2010 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 797 EP 802 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337HH UT WOS:000258425600003 ER PT J AU Zhang, GH Liu, GB Tang, KM Zhang, XC AF Zhang, G. -H. Liu, G. -B. Tang, K. -M. Zhang, X. -C. TI Flow detachment of soils under different land uses in the Loess Plateau of China SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE flow detachment; land use; Loess Plateau; soil erosion ID SHALLOW FLOW; CONCENTRATED-FLOW; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; EROSION MODEL; SHEAR-STRESS; WATER; RILL; ERODIBILITY; DEPOSITION; WEPP AB Land use has a significant effect on soil properties, and therefore on soil erodibility. In many cases, land use controls soil erosion to a greater extent than does climate change or other system properties, yet only a few studies have quantified the effect of land use on soil detachment rates. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of land use on soil detachment of natural, undisturbed soil samples, which were taken from fields under five typical land uses in the Loess Plateau of China. Flow discharges ranged from 0.25 to 2.0 L s(-1) and slope gradients varied from 8.8% to 46.6%. The results indicated that soil detachment rates were significantly influenced by land uses. Cropland soil was most easily detached, followed by grassland, shrub land, wasteland, and woodland soils. The average ratios of detachment rates of cropland soil to grassland, shrub land, wasteland, and woodland soils were 2.05, 2.76, 3.23, and 13.32, respectively. Detachment rates were shown to be a power function of flow discharge and slope gradient (R-2 >= 0.93, NSE >= 0.87). Both critical shear stress and erodibility were affected by land use. The different land uses in this study resulted in erodibility ranging from 0.0021 to 0.164 s m(-1) and critical shear stress ranging from 2.08 to 6.30 Pa. No superiority was found if shear stress was replaced by stream power for detachment prediction, and either one could simulate rill detachment rates well. The result indicated that soil detachment rates in rill erosion could be well simulated by hydraulic parameters of stream power, slope, and runoff density and by soil properties of clay content, bulk density, aggregate median diameter, and soil strength. Further studies are needed to quantify the potential effects of plant root systems on detachment rates and to investigate the potential temporal variability of soil detachment rates. C1 [Zhang, G. -H.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, G. -H.; Tang, K. -M.] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liu, G. -B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X. -C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Zhang, GH (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn NR 39 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 883 EP 890 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337HH UT WOS:000258425600011 ER PT J AU Chen, J Zhang, XC Liu, WZ Li, Z AF Chen, J. Zhang, X. C. Liu, W. Z. Li, Z. TI Assessment and improvement of CLIGEN non-precipitation parameters for the Loess Plateau of Chinan SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE solar radiation; temperature; weather generator; wind velocity ID CROP PRODUCTION; SOIL-EROSION; IMPACT; MODELS AB Stochastic weather generators are often used to generate daily weather input for hydrologic and crop models. The objective of this study was to evaluate and improve the ability of the Climate Generator (CLIGEN v5.22564) model to generate non precipitation parameters, including dewpoint temperature(T-dp), daily maximum (T-max) and minimum (T-min) air temperatures, solar radiation (SR), and wind velocity (u) at 12 meteorological stations located in the Loess Plateau of China. We used daily weather data to evaluate the model and to improve SR and a simulation. The results showed that CLIGEN reproduced daily T-max and, T-min reasonably well. The t- and F-tests showed that neither means nor standard deviations of measured data were significantly different from those of the CLIGEN-generated data at P = 0.01 for all stations. Means and distributions of daily Tdp were reproduced very well; however, standard deviations were less well reproduced with significant differences at P = 0.01 for 4 out of 12 stations for the F-test. Mean and standard deviation for daily SR were much better reproduced by our modified CLIGEN at all stations, although distributions were slightly worsened. Daily a was reproduced well after fixing a unit conversion error with an absolute relative error (RE) of 0.17% for the means and 0.71% for the standard deviation. Mean of same-day temperature range (T-max1-T-min1) and one-day lag temperature ranges for both (T-max2-T-min2) and (T-max2-T-min1) of the CLIGEN-generated data were reproduced well with the absolute RE close to zero. However, compared with the measured data, standard deviations of T-max1-T-min1 were consistently underestimated with the RE of -38.7%, and those of T-max1-T-min2 and T-max2-T-min1 were consistently overestimated with the respective RE values being 55.8% and 19.6% for all stations. Seasonal serial correlations of SR and cross correlation between temperatures and SR were much better reproduced by the modified model. Specifically, compared to CLIGEN (v5.111), T-min and T-dp were improved considerably in v5.22564, as well as means of T-max1-T-min2 and T-max2-T-min1, but standard deviations of T-max1-T-min1 were worsened. Standard deviations of T-max1-T-min2 and T-max2-T-min1 generated by v5.111 and v5.22564 were similar. Furthermore, generation of SR and a was similar in both versions, but was significantly improved in our modified v5.22564. Due to the improvement in SR generation, seasonal serial correlations of SR and cross correlation between temperatures and SR were also improved. Overall results showed that non precipitation variables were much better generated by the modified version of 5.22564 than the previous versions in which T-max, T-min and T-dp were generated independently. C1 [Zhang, X. C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Chen, J.; Liu, W. Z.; Li, Z.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Yangling, Peoples R China. [Chen, J.; Liu, W. Z.] CAS, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling, Peoples R China. [Chen, J.; Liu, W. Z.] MWR, Yangling, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov RI LI, ZHI/D-7204-2015 OI LI, ZHI/0000-0002-9268-6497 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 901 EP 913 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337HH UT WOS:000258425600013 ER PT J AU Schneider, JM Garbrecht, JD AF Schneider, J. M. Garbrecht, J. D. TI Reductions in seasonal climate forecast dependability as a result of downscaling SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE agricultural management; average air temperature; climate; climatology; decision support; downscaling; forecast; precipitation; seasonal ID AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS AB This investigation addresses a practical question from an agricultural planning and management perspective: are the NOAA/CPC seasonal climate forecasts skillful enough to retain utility after they have been downscaled to field and daily scales for use in crop models to predict impacts on crop production? Utility is defined herein as net forecast dependabilities of at least 50%, where net dependability is the product of the large-scale 3-month forecast dependability with a factor accounting for losses in dependability due to the higher spatiotemporal variability of 1-month station data. This loss factor is estimated from station data by computing the frequency of matching sign (FOMS) between the direction of departures from average of 3-month forecast division values and 1-month station values, for average temperature and precipitation, over a 10-year study period and 96 stations in six regions of the U.S. The resulting FOMS does not display any consistent differences across regions, locations, or months, so is averaged across all months and stations. Average FOMS calculated in this manner are 76% for average temperature and 66% for total precipitation. The decimal FOMS are then used as the multiplicative loss factor on previously reported 3-month forecast division reliability values to produce estimates of the net reliability for downscaled forecasts at locations within each forecast division. The resulting guidance is dependent on region and forecast variable, with the forecasts for above-average temperature emerging as worthy of consideration for use in agricultural applications over the majority of the contiguous U.S. The Northeast, the Great Lakes, parts of the Northern Great Plains, interior California, and northwest Nevada are the only regions with insufficient net dependability to preclude immediate consideration. Conversely, forecasts for cooler than average temperature do not retain sufficient net dependability after downscaling to be an attractive option in any part of the contiguous U.S. at this time. Forecasts for wetter or drier than average conditions retained sufficient net dependability to encourage further development over only about 10% of the contiguous U.S., in regions well-known to experience the strongest ENSO impacts on precipitation. The forecast divisions where agricultural decision support might benefit from NOAA/CPC seasonal precipitation forecasts are located in Florida, south Texas, southwest New Mexico, Arizona, central and southern California, and parts of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana. C1 [Schneider, J. M.; Garbrecht, J. D.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Schneider, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Jeanne.Schneider@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 915 EP 925 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337HH UT WOS:000258425600014 ER PT J AU Thorp, KR Jaynes, DB Malone, RW AF Thorp, K. R. Jaynes, D. B. Malone, R. W. TI Simulating the long-term performance of drainage water management across the midwestern United States SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE controlled drainage; drainage; drainage water management; DSSAT; midwest; nitrate; RZWQM; simulation ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZER APPLICATION; FIELD-MEASURED DATA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; QUALITY MODEL; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; TILE DRAINAGE; NITRATE-NITROGEN; CROP PRODUCTION; AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER AB Drainage water management (DWM) has been proposed as a solution to reduce losses of nitrate (NO3) from subsurface drainage systems in the midwestern U.S.; however, tests of DWM efficacy have only been performed over short time periods and at a limited number of sites. To fill this gap, the RZWQM-DSSAT hybrid model, previously evaluated for a subsurface-drained agricultural system in Iowa, was used to simulate both conventional drainage (CVD) and DWM over 25 years of historical weather at 48 locations across the midwestern U.S. Model simulations were used to demonstrate how variability in both climate and management practices across the region affects the ability of DWM to reduce losses of NO3 in subsurface drainage. The regional average simulated reduction in drain flow was 151 mm yr(-1) when using DWM instead of CVD, and the regional percent reduction over the long term was 53%. Reductions in drain flow were offset mainly by increases in surface runoff and evapotranspiration. Similarly for nitrogen (N), the regional average simulated reduction in NO3 losses through subsurface drains was 18.9 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), and the regional percent reduction over the long term was 51%. Subsurface drain NO3 loss reductions were counterbalanced mainly by increases in stored soil N, denitrification, and plant N uptake. The simulations suggest that if DWM can be practically implemented throughout the region, particularly in the southern states, then substantial reductions in the amount of NO3 entering surface waters from agricultural systems can be expected. C1 [Thorp, K. R.] USDA ARS, USALARC, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Jaynes, D. B.; Malone, R. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Thorp, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, USALARC, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM kelly.thorp@ars.usda.gov RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 79 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 961 EP 976 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337HH UT WOS:000258425600018 ER PT J AU King, KW Balogh, JC AF King, K. W. Balogh, J. C. TI Curve numbers for golf course watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE design; hydrology; modeling; runoff; turfgrass; urban ID FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; RUNOFF; STREAMS; URBANIZATION; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; HYDROLOGY; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; ABUSES AB Storm event runoff is a critical component to the environmental and structural design related to hydrology. The curve number (CN) method is a robust and accepted method for determining excess rainfall. Measured CNs for golf course watersheds, and for that matter hydrologic data from golf course watersheds, are limited. Rainfall-runoff data from two golf courses, Morris Williams Municipal Golf Course (MWMGC) located in a semi-arid climate in Texas and Northland Country Club located in a cool-humid climate in Minnesota, were collected for a 5-year period. One hundred twenty-seven events on MWMGC and 86 events on NCC were used to determine CNs. The measured CNs, for normal antecedent moisture (AMC II) conditions were determined to be 63.4 at MWMGC and 78.2 at NCC. Each of the four methods used to calculate CN from the measured data produced CNs that were consistent for each site (standard deviation at MWMGC was 0.7, while standard deviation at NCC was 1.9). Hydrologic soil group, local climate that affects evapotranspiration (ET) and thus antecedent soil moisture, and site characteristics (specifically slope, drainage density, and connectivity) appear to have the most impact on the establishment of CNs for these two golf courses. The findings of this study indicate the importance of understanding local climate and site characteristics that influence hydrology when determining CNs. The CNs developed for these courses provide partial confirmation of CNs previously suggested for plot-scale turfgrass systems but more importantly highlight the significance of having localized measured data. The results from this study suggests that determination of CNs for golf course watersheds should not be based on traditional sources that rely solely on hydrologic soil classifications and land use or vegetative cover type. C1 [King, K. W.] USDA ARS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Balogh, J. C.] Spectrum Res Inc, Duluth, MN USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kevin.king@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 987 EP 996 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337HH UT WOS:000258425600020 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Eghball, B Marx, DB AF Gilley, J. E. Eghball, B. Marx, D. B. TI Narrow grass hedge effects on nutrient transport following compost application SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE grass filters; land application; manure management; manure runoff; nitrogen movement; nutrient losses; phosphorus; runoff; sediment detention; water quality ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; NITROGEN-BASED MANURE; SOIL LOSS; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; CONCENTRATED FLOW; CORN PRODUCTION; PLOT-SCALE; RUNOFF; PHOSPHORUS AB The placement of stiff-stemmed grass hedges on the contour along a hillslope has been shown to decrease nutrient transport in runoff. This study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of a narrow grass hedge in reducing runoff nutrient transport from plots with a range of soil nutrient values. Composted beef cattle manure was applied at dry weights of 0, 68, 105, 142, and 178 Mg ha(-1) to a silty clay loam soil and then incorporated by disking. Soil samples were collected 243 days later for analysis of water-soluble phosphorus (WSP), Bray and Kurtz No. 1 phosphorus (Bray-1 P), NO3-N, and NH4-N. Three 30 min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24 h intervals, were then applied. The transport of dissolved phosphorus (DP), total P (TP), NO3-N, NH4-N, total nitrogen (TN), runoff, and soil erosion were measured from 0.75 m wide x 4.0 m long plots. Compost application rate significantly affected soil measurements of WSP, Bray-1 P, and NO3-N content. The transport of DP, TP, NO3-N, NH4-N, TN, runoff, and soil erosion was reduced significantly on the plots with a grass hedge. Mean runoff rates on the hedge and no-hedge treatments were 17 and 29 mm, and erosion rates were 0.12 and 1.46 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Compost application rate significantly affected the transport of DP, TP, and NO3-N in runoff. The experimental results indicate that stiff-stemmed grass hedges, planted at selected downslope intervals, can significantly reduce the transport of nutrients in runoff from areas with a range of soil nutrient values. C1 [Gilley, J. E.; Eghball, B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Chase Hall,Room 251, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 997 EP 1005 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337HH UT WOS:000258425600021 ER PT J AU Siemens, MC Jones, DF AF Siemens, M. C. Jones, D. F. TI Segregation of soft white wheat by density for improved quality SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE baking; density; flour; kernel; milling; protein; quality; segregation; test weight; wheat ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; BAKING QUALITY; GRAVITY TABLE; PROTEIN; SEPARATION AB Development of a cost-effective way to segregate soft white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by quality would add value to a product that is currently marketed as a low-value commodity. Segregating grain by kernel density for improved quality is a technique that holds promise, but further research is needed. To address this, a study was initiated to determine the relationship of kernel density and soft white wheat quality in terms of test weight, protein content, milling performance, and end-use characteristics. The study was conducted in northeastern Oregon using Stephens soft white winter wheat samples collected from fields representing three different cropping systems over two crop years. Non-separated samples, samples that had been passed over a gravity table once and separated into four density fractions, and samples that had been passed over a gravity table twice and segregated into seven density fractions were analyzed for kernel density and quality characteristics. Correlations between quality characteristics and kernel density ranged from poor to high (r(2) = 0.00 to 0.82) for non-segregated samples, but improved as the sample became more homogenous through segregation by density using a gravity table. For the samples that had been passed over a gravity table twice, wheat quality characteristics of test weight, protein content, milling score, mixograph absorption, and cookie diameter were highly correlated with kernel density (r(2) = 0.94 to 0.95). Break flour yield was also highly correlated with kernel density (r(2) = 0.89). When sets of data for samples that had been passed over the gravity table once and twice were analyzed collectively, correlations between quality characteristics and kernel density were similar, but slightly lower (r(2) = 0.88 to 0.94). Quality scores calculated from these data and used to evaluate overall grain, milling, end-use, and overall wheat quality were also highly correlated with kernel density (r(2) = 0.91 to 0.96). It was concluded that for homogeneous samples of one variety of soft white wheat, kernel density is an excellent indicator of wheat quality. Additional research is needed to determine if this result extends across multiple cultivars of wheat and additional crop years. Analysis of grain segregated into four density fractions showed that there were significant differences in wheat quality between the lowest density fraction, the highest density fraction, and the non-separated sample. These results further indicate that density segregation is effective for separating wheat by quality and were the impetus for the proposal of a new wheat classification system that uses overall wheat quality as the basis for determining grade. Such a system would provide a marketing advantage since wheat grade would better reflect grain value. C1 [Siemens, M. C.] Univ Arizona, Yuma Agr Ctr, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. [Siemens, M. C.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR USA. [Jones, D. F.] Gilliam Cty Grain Qual Lab, Arlington, OR USA. RP Siemens, MC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Yuma Agr Ctr, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 6425 W 8th St, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. EM siemens@cals.arizona.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1035 EP 1047 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337HH UT WOS:000258425600026 ER PT J AU Cantrell, KB Chastain, JP Moore, KP AF Cantrell, K. B. Chastain, J. P. Moore, K. P. TI Geotextile filtration performance for lagoon sludges and liquid animal manures dewatering SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE animal waste; liquid-solid separation; manure treatment; mass removal; nutrient management; wastewater ID FLUSHED DAIRY MANURE; SWINE; EMISSIONS; IMPACT AB Maintenance and control of liquid levels in anaerobic lagoons and storage ponds is enhanced by pretreatment with liquid-solid separation or periodic removal of accumulated sludges. Until local disposal or nutrient recycling options become available, sludges can be contained, dewatered, and stored using geotextile filtration. A geotextile filtration testing method termed a hanging-bag test was used to treat dairy lagoon sludge, swine lagoon sludge, liquid dairy manure, and liquid swine manure. Hanging-bag performance was evaluated by: (1) determining solids and plant nutrient mass retention efficiencies (MRE), (2) quantifying the overall volume reduction, and (3) characterizing the dewatered manure. After three fill-dewater cycles, geotextile filtration performed similarly for the sludges, retaining an average 87.6% of total solids (TS), 58.4% of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), and 86.7% total phosphorous (TP). Geotextile filtration was also effective in dewatering and concentrating the sludges; by highly concentrating the retained solids, it reduced the total influent sludge volume requiring disposal to less than 18.5%. Despite relatively high MRE values for liquid swine manure (70.2% of TS, 65.1% of TAN, and 75.7% of TP), geotextile filtration was ineffective as a primary liquid-solid separation, with 60.3% of the total influent volume remaining. For liquid dairy manure (TS = 0.71%), geotextile filtration reduced the total influent volume to less than 1%, concentrated the solids and nutrients in the dewatered material 16 to 21 times greater than the influent, and retained 38.4% of TS, 25.8% of TAN, and 45.0% of TP, making this an effective liquid-solid separation technique. C1 [Cantrell, K. B.] USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Chastain, J. P.] Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Moore, K. P.] Clemson Univ, Agr Serv Lab, Clemson, SC USA. RP Cantrell, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1067 EP 1076 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337HH UT WOS:000258425600029 ER PT J AU King, NT Seiler, JR Fox, TR Johnsen, KH AF King, N. T. Seiler, J. R. Fox, T. R. Johnsen, K. H. TI Post-fertilization physiology and growth performance of loblolly pine clones SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crown area; gas exchange; net photosynthesis; nitrogen; Pinus taeda ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAF-AREA; SLASH PINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NORWAY SPRUCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; FERTILIZATION AB The physiological processes leading to enhanced growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) following fertilization are not clearly understood. Part of the debate revolves around the temporal response of net photosynthetic rate (A(n)) to fertilization and whether the A(n) response is always positive. We measured light-saturated photosynthetic rate (A(sat)), dark respiration rate, growth and crown silhouette area in eight clones of loblolly pine before and after nitrogen (N) fertilization (112 kg ha(-1)) to track the initial physiological changes prior to any changes in growth. Overall, there were positive photosynthetic and growth responses to fertilization; however, there were pronounced physiological and growth differences among clones, even among clones with the same parents. Clones 4, 6 and 7 showed large volume growth and A(sat) responses to fertilization. Clone I and Clone 8 (a full-sibling of Clone 7) mainly showed a volume growth response, whereas Clone 2 (full-sibling of Clone 1) showed an A(sat) response only. Clone 5 (full-sibling of Clone 6) showed little response to fertilization, whereas Clone 3 (full-sibling of Clone 4) showed a negative A(sat) response. Thus, within-family variation warrants further study to ensure that relatively expensive clonal material is used efficiently. C1 [King, N. T.; Seiler, J. R.; Fox, T. R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP King, NT (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, 228 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM naking@vt.edu NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 28 IS 5 BP 703 EP 711 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 305LN UT WOS:000256180000004 PM 18316302 ER PT J AU Kostiainen, K Kaakinen, S Warsta, E Kubiske, ME Nelson, ND Sober, J Karnosky, DF Saranpaa, P Vapaavuori, E AF Kostiainen, Katri Kaakinen, Seija Warsta, Elina Kubiske, Mark E. Nelson, Neil D. Sober, Jaak Karnosky, David F. Saranpaa, Pekka Vapaavuori, Elina TI Wood properties of trembling aspen and paper birch after 5 years of exposure to elevated concentrations of CO2 and O-3 SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Betula papyrifera; carbon dioxide; cell wall; climate change; FACE; ozone; Populus tremuloides; wood chemistry; wood structure ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES CLONES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BETULA-PENDULA; SILVER BIRCH; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; GROWTH-RESPONSES; TENSION WOOD; TREE-GROWTH; OZONE AB We investigated the interactive effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide ([CO2]) and ozone ([O-3]) on radial growth, wood chemistry and structure of five 5-year-old trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones and the wood chemistry of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.). Material for the study was collected from the Aspen FACE (free-air CO2 enrichment) experiment in Rhinelander, WI, where the saplings had been exposed to four treatments: control, elevated [CO2] (560 ppm), elevated [O-3] (1.5 x ambient) and their combination for five growing seasons. Wood properties of both species were altered in response to exposure to the treatments. In aspen, elevated [CO2] decreased uronic acids (constituents of, e.g., hemicellulose) and tended to increase stem diameter. In response to elevated [O-3] exposure, acid-soluble lignin concentration decreased and vessel lumen diameter tended to decrease. Elevated [O-3] increased the concentration of acetone-soluble extractives in paper birch, but tended to decrease the concentration of these compounds in aspen. In paper birch, elevated [CO2] decreased and elevated [O-3] increased starch concentration. The responses of wood properties to 5 years of fumigation differed from those previously reported after 3 years of fumigation. C1 [Kostiainen, Katri; Kaakinen, Seija; Warsta, Elina; Vapaavuori, Elina] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Suonenjoki Res Unit, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland. [Kubiske, Mark E.; Nelson, Neil D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Sober, Jaak; Karnosky, David F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Saranpaa, Pekka] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Vantaa Res Unit, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland. RP Vapaavuori, E (reprint author), Finnish Forest Res Inst, Suonenjoki Res Unit, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland. EM elina.vapaavuori@metla.fi RI Saranpaa, Pekka/C-2114-2008 NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 23 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 28 IS 5 BP 805 EP 813 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 305LN UT WOS:000256180000014 PM 18316312 ER PT J AU Gargiulo, G Bradford, SA Simunek, J Ustohal, P Vereecken, H Klumpp, E AF Gargiulo, G. Bradford, S. A. Simunek, J. Ustohal, P. Vereecken, H. Klumpp, E. TI Bacteria transport and deposition under unsaturated flow conditions: The role of water content and bacteria surface hydrophobicity SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL FILTRATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; VIRUS TRANSPORT; BANK FILTRATION; SAND COLUMNS; WASTE-WATER AB Column experiments were conducted to investigate the transport and deposition behavior of representative hydrophobic and hydrophilic bacteria strains in sand at different water saturations. These strains are similar in surface charge, shape, and size, and differ primarily in their surface hydrophobicity and tendency to form aggregates. The amount of bacteria that were retained in the sand increased with decreasing water saturation, especially for the more hydrophobic strain that formed larger cell aggregates. Most of the cells were retained close to the column inlet, and the rate of deposition rapidly decreased with depth. The experimental data were analyzed using a mathematical model that accounted for deposition on two kinetic sites. Consideration of depth-dependent deposition in the model formulation significantly improved the description of the data, and the amount of cell retention was typically dominated by this site. The depth-dependent deposition coefficient tended to increase with decreasing water content, especially for the hydrophobic bacteria. Straining is believed to account for these observations because it increases in magnitude with increasing cell and aggregate size and when a greater fraction of the water flows through a larger number of small pore spaces with decreasing water content. Cell retention on the other kinetic deposition site was well described using a conventional model for attachment and detachment. Consistent with interaction energy calculations for bacteria attachment, however, low amounts of cell retention occurred on this site. Attempts to separately determine the amounts of attachment to solid-water and air-water interfaces were confounded by the influence of straining. C1 [Bradford, S. A.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Gargiulo, G.; Ustohal, P.; Vereecken, H.; Klumpp, E.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere, Agrosphere ICG IV, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Simunek, J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 97 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 31 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 406 EP 419 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0068 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 305UZ UT WOS:000256204600002 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD Perfect, E Tarquis, AM AF Logsdon, S. D. Perfect, E. Tarquis, A. M. TI Multiscale soil investigations: Physical concepts and mathematical techniques SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY C1 [Logsdon, S. D.] USDA ARS NSTL, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Perfect, E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tarquis, A. M.] UPM, ETS Ingenieros Agronomos, Dept Matemat Aplicada Ingn Agron, Madrid, Spain. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS NSTL, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sally.logsdon@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 453 EP 455 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0160 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 305UZ UT WOS:000256204600007 ER PT J AU Tarquis, AM Bird, NRA Whitmore, AP Cartagena, MC Pachepsky, Y AF Tarquis, A. M. Bird, N. R. A. Whitmore, A. P. Cartagena, M. C. Pachepsky, Yakov TI Multiscale entropy-based analysis of soil transect data SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; WAVELETS; SCALE; EMISSIONS AB A deeper understanding of the spatial variability of soil properties and the relationships between them is needed to scale up measured soil properties and to model soil processes. The object of this study was to describe the spatial scaling properties of a set of soil physical properties measured on a common 1024-m transect across arable fields at Silsoe in Bedfordshire, east-central England. Properties studied were volumetric water content (theta), total porosity (phi), pH, and N2O flux. We applied entropy as a means of quantifying the scaling behavior of each transect. Finally, we examined the spatial intrascaling behavior of the correlations between theta and the other soil variables. Relative entropies and increments in relative entropy calculated for theta,phi, and pH showed maximum structure at the 128-m scale, while N2O flux presented a more complex scale dependency at large and small scales. The intrascale-dependent correlation between theta and phi was negative at small scales up to 8 m. The rest of the intrascale-dependent correlation functions between theta with N2O fluxes and pH were in agreement with previous studies. These techniques allow research on scale effects localized in scale and provide the information that is complementary to the information about scale dependencies found across a range of scales. C1 [Tarquis, A. M.] UPM, Dpto Matemat Aplicada Ingn Agron, ETS Ingenieros Agronomos, Madrid, Spain. [Bird, N. R. A.; Whitmore, A. P.] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Cartagena, M. C.] UPM, Dpto Quim Agr, ETS Ingenieros Agronomos, Madrid, Spain. [Pachepsky, Yakov] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tarquis, AM (reprint author), UPM, Dpto Matemat Aplicada Ingn Agron, ETS Ingenieros Agronomos, Madrid, Spain. EM anamaria.tarquis@upm.es RI Whitmore, Andrew/B-5102-2008; OI Whitmore, Andrew/0000-0001-8984-1436; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 563 EP 569 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0039 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 305UZ UT WOS:000256204600018 ER PT J AU Simunek, J Bradford, SA AF Simunek, Jirka Bradford, Scott A. TI Vadose zone modeling: Introduction and importance SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PREFERENTIAL FLOW; TRANSPORT; SOILS; WATER; VAPOR C1 [Simunek, Jirka] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bradford, Scott A.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Simunek, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Jiri.Simunek@ucr.edu RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 581 EP 586 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0012 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 305UZ UT WOS:000256204600020 ER PT J AU Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT Sejna, M AF Simunek, Jiri van Genuchten, Martinus Th. Sejna, Miroslav TI Development and applications of the HYDRUS and STANMOD software packages and related codes SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; DISC INFILTROMETER DATA; STEADY-STATE FLOW; NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLUTE TRANSPORT; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE TRANSPORT; ZERO-ORDER PRODUCTION; MILLER-SIMILAR MEDIUM; WATER-FLOW AB Mathematical models have become indispensable tools for studying vaclose zone flow and transport processes. We reviewed the history of development, the main processes involved, and selected applications of HYDRUS and related models and software packages developed collaboratively by several groups in the United States, the Czech Republic, Israel, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Our main focus was on modeling tools developed jointly by the U.S. Salinity Laboratory of the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, and the University of California, Riverside. This collaboration during the past three decades has resulted in the development of a large number of numerical [e.g., SWMS_2D, HYDRUS-1D, HYDRUS-2D, HYDRUS (2D/3D), and HP1] as well as analytical (e.g., CXTFIT and STANMOD) computer tools for analyzing water flow and solute transport processes in soils and groundwater. The research also produced additional programs and databases (e.g., RETC, Rosetta, and UNSODA) for quantifying unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. All of the modeling tools, with the exception of HYDRUS-2D and HYDRUS (2D/3D), are in the public domain and can be downloaded freely from several websites. C1 [Simunek, Jiri] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [van Genuchten, Martinus Th.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Sejna, Miroslav] PC Progress Ltd, Prague 12000, Czech Republic. RP Simunek, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Jiri.Simunek@ucr.edu RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 157 TC 375 Z9 397 U1 26 U2 193 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 587 EP 600 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0077 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 305UZ UT WOS:000256204600021 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Torkzaban, S AF Bradford, Scott A. Torkzaban, Saeed TI Colloid transport and retention in unsaturated porous media: A review of interface-, collector-, and pore-scale processes and models SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; UNFAVORABLE DEPOSITION CONDITIONS; SURFACE-CHARGE HETEROGENEITIES; TRANSIENT-FLOW CONDITIONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; HANFORD SEDIMENTS; FILTRATION THEORY AB Our ability to accurately simulate the transport and retention of colloids in the vadose zone is currently limited by our lack of basic understanding of colloid retention processes that occur at the pore scale. This review discusses our current knowledge of physical and chemical mechanisms, factors, and models of colloid transport and retention at the interface, collector, and pore scales. The interface scale is well suited for studying the interaction energy and hydrodynamic forces and torques that act on colloids near interfaces. Solid surface roughness is reported to have a significant influence on both adhesive and applied hydrodynamic forces and torques, whereas non-Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) forces such as hydrophobic and capillary forces are likely to play a significant role in colloid interactions with the air-water interface. The flow field can be solved and mass transfer processes can be quantified at the collector scale. Here the potential for colloid attachment in the presence of hydrodynamic forces is determined from a balance of applied and adhesive torques. The fraction of the collector surface that contributes to attachment has been demonstrated to depend on both physical and chemical conditions. Processes of colloid mass transfer and retention can also be calculated at the pore scale. Differences in collector- and pore-scale studies occur as a result of the presence of small pore spaces that are associated with multiple interfaces and zones of relative flow stagnation. Here a variety of straining processes may occur in saturated and unsaturated systems, as well as colloid size exclusion. Our current knowledge of straining processes is still incomplete, but recent research indicates a strong coupling of hydrodynamics, solution chemistry, and colloid concentration on these processes, as well as a dependency on the size of the colloid, the solid grain, and the water content. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Torkzaban, Saeed] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013 OI Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461 NR 181 TC 137 Z9 144 U1 10 U2 124 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 667 EP 681 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0092 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 305UZ UT WOS:000256204600027 ER PT J AU Jacques, D Simunek, J Mallants, D van Genuchten, MT AF Jacques, D. Simunek, J. Mallants, D. van Genuchten, M. Th. TI Modeling coupled hydrologic and chemical processes: Long-term uranium transport following phosphorus fertilization SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE TRANSPORT; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; VADOSE ZONE; PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; SUBSURFACE MEDIA; NUMERICAL-MODEL; ACID SOILS AB Coupling physical and geochemical processes within one integrated numerical simulator provides a process-based tool for investigating the mobility of contaminants as affected by changing hydrologic regimes and geochemical conditions. We review interactions between physical and biogeochemical processes in the vadose zone, and then present a case study demonstrating these complex interactions. A hypothetical application is presented of the HP1 multicomponent transport simulator to predict the transport of two major elements (Ca and P) and one trace element (U) applied annually for 200 yr to a field soil in the form of an inorganic P fertilizer. Interactions of Ca, P, and U with the solid phase are described using cation exchange and surface complexation reactions. Simulations assuming steady-state or transient flow conditions were analyzed in terms of temporal variations of the linear distribution coefficient, K-d, which depends strongly on pH and the composition of the aqueous phase. If the composition of the aqueous phase is constant, adsorption of Ca and U increases with increasing pH. Due to the annual addition of Ca, P, and U, and competition between P and U for sorption sites, the K-d of these elements decreased with time near the soil surface. Deeper in the soil, the K-d of U followed the pH increase because of a lack of competition from P. Because of the combined effects of changing hydrologic and geochemical conditions, the Ca and U distribution coefficients and solute fluxes during the transient simulation exhibited large short-time variations of up to three orders of magnitude. C1 [Jacques, D.; Mallants, D.] Belgian Nucl Res Ctr SCK CEN, Performance Assessments Unit, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Simunek, J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [van Genuchten, M. Th.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Jacques, D (reprint author), Belgian Nucl Res Ctr SCK CEN, Performance Assessments Unit, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM djacques@sckcen.be RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Mallants, Dirk/A-5727-2012; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Jacques, Diederik/C-5887-2009; OI Mallants, Dirk/0000-0001-7282-1981; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Jacques, Diederik/0000-0001-9393-2963 NR 117 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 27 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 698 EP 711 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0084 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 305UZ UT WOS:000256204600029 ER PT J AU Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT AF Simunek, Jirka van Genuchten, Martinus Th. TI Modeling nonequilibrium flow and transport processes using HYDRUS SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; AGGREGATED OXISOL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SOILS; MOVEMENT; WATER AB Accurate process-based modeling of nonequilibrium water flow and solute transport remains a major challenge in vadose zone hydrology. Our objective here was to describe a wide range of nonequilibrium flow and transport modeling approaches available within the latest version of the HYDRUS-1D software package. The formulations range from classical models simulating uniform flow and transport, to relatively traditional mobile-immobile water physical and two-site chemical nonequilibrium models, to more complex dual-permeability models that consider both physical and chemical nonequilibrium. The models are divided into three groups: (i) physical nonequilibrium transport models, (ii) chemical nonequilibrium transport models, and (iii) physical and chemical nonequilibrium transport models. Physical nonequilibrium models include the Mobile-immobile Water Model, Dual-Porosity Model, Dual-Permeability Model, and Dual-Permeability Model with Immobile Water. Chemical nonequilibrium models include the One Kinetic Site Model, the Two-Site Model, and the Two Kinetic Sites Model. Finally, physical and chemical nonequilibrium transport models include the Dual-Porosity Model with One Kinetic Site and the Dual-Permeability Model with Two-Site Sorption. Example calculations using the different types of nonequilibrium models are presented. Implications for the formulation of the inverse problem are also discussed. The many different models that have been developed over the years for nonequilibrium flow and transport reflect the multitude of often simultaneous processes that can govern nonequilibrium and preferential flow at the field scale. C1 [Simunek, Jirka] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [van Genuchten, Martinus Th.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Simunek, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Jiri.Simunek@ucr.edu RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 35 TC 165 Z9 171 U1 12 U2 109 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 782 EP 797 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0074 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 305UZ UT WOS:000256204600036 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Richt, JA Miller, JM Kunkle, RA Hall, SM Nicholson, EM O'Rourke, KI Greenlee, JJ Williams, ES AF Hamir, A. N. Richt, J. A. Miller, J. M. Kunkle, R. A. Hall, S. M. Nicholson, E. M. O'Rourke, K. I. Greenlee, J. J. Williams, E. S. TI Experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) to white-tailed deer by intracerebral route SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; CWD; Odocoileus virginianus; prion disease; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; TSE; white-tailed deer ID GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE SHEEP; TRANSGENIC MICE; PRION PROTEIN; SCRAPIE AGENT; INOCULATION; CATTLE; ENCEPHALOPATHY; POLYMORPHISMS; DIAGNOSIS; PASSAGE AB To compare clinical and pathologic findings of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in a natural host, 3 groups (n = 5) of white-tailed deer (WTD) fawns were intracerebrally inoculated with a CWD prion of WTD, mule deer, or elk origin. Three other uninoculated fawns served as controls. Approximately 10 months postinoculation (MPI), 1 deer from each of the 3 inoculated groups was necropsied and their tissues were examined for lesions of spongiform encephalopathy (SE) and for the presence of abnormal prion protein (Prp(d)) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB). The remaining deer were allowed to live until they developed clinical signs of the disease which began approximately 18 MPI. By 26 MPI, all deer were euthanatized on humane grounds. Obvious differences in clinical signs or the incubation periods were not observed between the 3 groups of deer given CWD. In 1 of 3 nonclinical deer euthanatized at 10 MPI, minimal microscopic lesions of SE were seen in the central nervous system (CNS) tissues, and Prpd was observed by IHC in tissues of all 3 deer. In the clinical deer, CNS lesions of SE and Prpd accumulations were more severe and extensive. It is concluded that the 3 sources of CWD prion did not induce significant differences in time to clinical disease or qualitative differences in signs or lesions in WTD. However, this observation does not imply that these CWD agents would necessarily behave similarly in other recipient species. C1 [Hamir, A. N.; Richt, J. A.; Miller, J. M.; Kunkle, R. A.; Nicholson, E. M.; Greenlee, J. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Hall, S. M.] Natl Vet Serv Lab, Pathobiol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [O'Rourke, K. I.] Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. [Williams, E. S.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70 Ames, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amir.hamir@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1354/vp.45-3-297 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 303GN UT WOS:000256029100004 PM 18487485 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Rupprecht, CE AF Hamir, A. N. Rupprecht, C. E. TI Trophoblast-like cells in the tissues of porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nongenital tissues; porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum); trophoblast ID RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; CHINCHILLA; VACCINE AB During development and subsequent field evaluation of an oral vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (V-RG) recombinant virus vaccine, 53 adult porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum; 38 females and 15 males) were examined. Microscopic examinations revealed the presence of giant epitheloid cells in various tissues (adrenal glands, spleen, liver, and lungs) of 4 (11%) female animals. These giant cells were approximately 20 times the size of the surrounding cells of the parenchyma. The cells were found singly and were not associated with any inflammatory cellular infiltrate and appeared to be located within vascular lumina. Morphologically these cells were typical of uterine epitheloid trophoblasts. This is the first record of the presence of trophoblast-like cells in nongenital tissues of porcupines. C1 [Hamir, A. N.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Rupprecht, C. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amir.hamir@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 409 EP 411 DI 10.1354/vp.45-3-409 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 303GN UT WOS:000256029100022 PM 18487503 ER PT J AU Walker, ER Oliver, LR AF Walker, Eric R. Oliver, Lawrence R. TI Translocation and absorption of glyphosate in flowering sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flower; seed production; soil seedbank ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; WEED MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; SEED PRODUCTION; HERBICIDE APPLICATIONS; RESIDUAL HERBICIDES; RESISTANT COTTON; GROWTH; POPULATIONS AB Sicklepod is a competitive and prolific weed that emerges throughout the crop season. Glyphosate applications to flowering sicklepod greatly reduce seed production, but there is limited information on glyphosate translocation in flowering weeds. Therefore, a laboratory study was conducted to document the absorption and translocation of C-14-glyhosate in flowering sicklepod. Flowering sicklepod plants were treated with a (14) C-glyphosate solution, and C-14-glyphosate. absorption and translocation was quantified by scintillation spectrometry. Absorption and translocation of C-14-glyphosate in flowering sicklepod were similar for both 0.21 and 0.42 kg ae ha(-1) glyphosate. Although the treated leaflets retained approximately 50% of the recovered C-14-glyphosate, movement of the herbicide was both acropetal and basipetal, with the highest C-14-glyphosate concentrations in the shoot below the treated leaf and the roots. By 96 h after treatment, sicklepod buds and flowers had abscised, but analysis of the structures revealed accumulation of 2% of the recovered C-14-glyphosate. Based on results of the study, effects of glyphosate accumulation in buds and Rowers combined with plant stress associated with the primary and secondary effects of glyphosate result in bud and flower abscission, drastically reducing sicklepod seed production. C1 [Walker, Eric R.; Oliver, Lawrence R.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Product Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Walker, Eric R.; Oliver, Lawrence R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Walker, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Product Res Unit, 605 Airways Blvd, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM ewalker@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 338 EP 343 DI 10.1614/WS-07-069.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 304JJ UT WOS:000256105500002 ER PT J AU Nandula, VK Reddy, KN Poston, DH Rimando, AM Duke, SO AF Nandula, Vijay K. Reddy, Krishna N. Poston, Daniel H. Rimando, Agnes M. Duke, Stephen O. TI Glyphosate tolerance mechanism in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) from Mississippi SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE absorption; glyphosate resistance; herbicide resistance; metabolism; shikimate; translocation; weed resistance ID HORSEWEED CONYZA-CANADENSIS; RESISTANT HORSEWEED; ELEUSINE-INDICA; RIGIDUM; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSLOCATION; GOOSEGRASS; MUTATION; MALAYSIA; INJURY AB A threefold glyphosate tolerance was identified in two Italian ryegrass populations, T1 and T2, from Mississippi. Laboratory experiments were conducted to characterize the mechanism of glyphosate tolerance in these populations. The T1 population absorbed less C-14-glyphosate (43% of applied) compared to the susceptible (S) population (59% of applied) at 48 h after treatment (HAT). The T2 population absorbed C-14-glyphosate at levels (56% of applied at 48 HAT) that were similar to both T1 and S populations, but tended to be more comparable to the S population. The amount of C-14-glyphosate that remained in the treated leaf was significantly higher in both T1 (67% of absorbed) and T2 (65% of absorbed) populations compared to the S population (45% of absorbed.) at 48 HAT. The amount of C-14-glyphosate that moved out of treated leaf to shoot and root was lower in both T1 (25% of absorbed in shoot and 9% of absorbed in root) and T2 (25% of absorbed in shoot and 11 of absorbed in root) populations compared to the S population (40% of absorbed in shoot and 16% of absorbed in root) at 48 HAT. There were no differences in epicuticular wax mass among the three populations. Treating a single leaf with glyphosate solution at the field use rate (0.84 kg ae ha(-1)) as 10 1-mu l droplets killed the S plant but not the T1 and T2 plants (33 and 55% shoot fresh-weight reduction, respectively). Shikimic acid accumulated rapidly at higher levels in glyphosate-treated leaf segments of the S population compared to the T1 population up to 100 mu M glyphosate. However, above 500 mu M glyphosate, the levels of shikimate were similar in both the S and T1 populations. Furthermore, shikimic acid content was three- to sixfold more in whole plants of the S population treated with 0.22 kg ae ha(-1) glyphosate compared to the T1 and T2 populations. No degradation of glyphosate to aminomethylphosphonic acid was detected among the tolerant and susceptible populations. These results indicate that tolerance to glyphosate in the T1 population is partly due to reduced absorption and translocation of glyphosate and in the T2 population it is partly due to reduced translocation of glyphosate. C1 [Nandula, Vijay K.; Poston, Daniel H.] Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Reddy, Krishna N.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.; Duke, Stephen O.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Nandula, VK (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM vknandula@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 17 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.1614/WS-07-115.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 304JJ UT WOS:000256105500003 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Pataky, JK AF Williams, Martin M., II Pataky, Jerald K. TI Genetic basis of sensitivity in sweet corn to tembotrione SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cross-sensitivity; cytochrome P450; herbicide selectivity; herbicide tolerance ID ZEA-MAYS; APPLIED POSTEMERGENCE; CULTIVAR SENSITIVITY; CROSS-SENSITIVITY; NICOSULFURON; HERBICIDE; MAIZE; INHERITANCE; MESOTRIONE; TOLERANCE AB Tembotrione inhibits 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase (HPPD) and was recently registered for use in all types of corn. Some sweet corn hybrids are killed by tembotrione, yet a mechanistic understanding of sensitivity has not been reported. Sensitivity of mesotrione, another HPPD-inhibitor, is conditioned by a single allele. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) response to tembotrione and mesotrione are conditioned by alleles at the same or closely linked loci and (2) the extent of early-season injury from tembotrione and mesotrione is similar on hybrids. The first hypothesis was tested by comparing responses to tembotrione and mesotrione in 136 F-3:5 families derived from a cross of mesotrione-sensitive and mesotrione-tolerant sweet corn inbreds. F-3 families cosegregated for responses to tembotrione and mesotrione: 94% of the families had the same response to both herbicides. Thus, the same gene or very closely linked genes condition response to both herbicides. On the basis of chi-square goodness of fit tests, responses of families to tembotrione fit a 3 : 2 : 3 sensitive : segregating : tolerant ratio (P = 0.24), which would be expected if sensitivity to tembotrione was conditioned by a single recessive allele. The second hypothesis was tested in six field experiments by quantifying the extent of early-season injury to 249 sweet corn hybrids 1 wk after treatment (WAT) of tembotrione (184 g ha(-1)) or mesotrione (210 g ha(-1)). One hundred ninety-three hybrids were tolerant to both herbicides. Seven sensitive hybrids that were severely injured by both herbicides I WAT differed in their response 3 to 4 WAT; sensitive hybrids treated with mesotrione had apparently resumed normal growth, whereas those treated with tembotrione died. Conversely, hybrids with intermediate levels of injury (> 10 to 50%) 1 WAT with mesotrione had no visual symptoms of injury from applications of tembotrione. Despite the common genetic basis for response to mesotrione and tembotrione, hybrids with sensitive or intermediate responses to mesotrione did not have identical responses to tembotrione. C1 [Williams, Martin M., II] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pataky, Jerald K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Corp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM Martin.Williams@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 364 EP 370 DI 10.1614/WS-07-149.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 304JJ UT WOS:000256105500006 ER PT J AU Nordby, JN Williams, MM Pataky, JK Riechers, DE Lutz, JD AF Nordby, Jonathan N. Williams, Martin M., II Pataky, Jerald K. Riechers, Dean E. Lutz, Joseph D. TI A common genetic basis in sweet corn inbred Cr1 for cross sensitivity to multiple cytochrome P450-metabolized herbicides SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; herbicide metabolism; herbicide selectivity; herbicide tolerance ID MAYS CULTIVAR SENSITIVITY; ZEA-MAYS; APPLIED POSTEMERGENCE; NICOSULFURON; PRIMISULFURON; INHERITANCE; TOLERANCE; BENTAZON; MAIZE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Nicosulfuron, mesotrione, dicamba plus diflufenzopyr, and carfentrazone are postemergence herbicides from different chemical families with different modes of action. An association between the sensitivity of sweet corn to these herbicides was observed when 143 F(3:4) families (F(4) plants) derived from of a cross between Cr1 (sensitive inbred) and Cr2 (tolerant inbred) were evaluated in greenhouse trials. The ratio of tolerant : segregating : sensitive families was not significantly different from a 3 : 2 : 3 ratio, which would be expected if a single gene conditioned herbicide response. Families cosegregated for responses to these herbicides. In field studies with 60 F(3 : 5) families in 2005 and 120 F(3 : 5) families in 2007, responses to these herbicides and foramsulfuron and primisulfuron were associated. Responses to bentazon in field trials were similar to the aforementioned herbicides for tolerant families, but differences were noted for families that were sensitive or segregated for responses to nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron, primisulfuron, mesotrione, dicamba plus diflufenzopyr, and carfentrazone. The gene(s) affecting herbicide sensitivity in Cr1 maps to the same region of chromosome 5S as a previously sequenced cytochrome P450 gene, where alleles previously designated nsd1 and ben1 were associated with sensitivity to nicosulfuron and bentazon and appear to be the result of a 392-base-pair insertion mutation. This work supports the hypothesis that a single recessive gene or closely linked genes in the sweet corn inbred Cr1 condition sensitivity to multiple cytochrome P450 enzyme-metabolized herbicides. C1 [Williams, Martin M., II] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nordby, Jonathan N.; Pataky, Jerald K.; Riechers, Dean E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM Martin.Williams@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 376 EP 382 DI 10.1614/WS-07-145.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 304JJ UT WOS:000256105500008 ER PT J AU Rayamajhi, MB Pratt, PD Center, TD Tipping, PW Van, TK AF Rayamajhi, Min B. Pratt, Paul D. Center, Ted D. Tipping, Philip W. Van, Thai K. TI Aboveground biomass of an invasive tree melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia) before and after herbivory by adventive and introduced natural enemies: A temporal case study in Florida SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological control; Boreioglycaspis melaleucae; herbivory; Oxyops vitiosa; Paratachardina sp.; Puccinia psidii ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; SOUTH FLORIDA; PUCCINIA-PSIDII; OXYOPS-VITIOSA; SUGAR MAPLE; HEMIPTERA; GROWTH; ROOTS; FIELD AB Invasive plants can respond to injury from natural enemies by altering the quantity and distribution of biomass among woody materials, foliage, fruits, and seeds. Melaleuca, an Australian tree that has naturalized in south Florida, has been reunited with two natural enemies: a weevil introduced during 1997 and a psyllid introduced during 2002. We hypothesized that herbivory from these and other adventive organisms (lobate-lac scale and a leaf-rust fungus) would alter the distribution and allocation of biomass on melaleuca trees. This hypothesis was tested by temporally assessing changes in aboveground biomass components in conjunction with the presence of natural enemies and their damage to melaleuca trees. Melaleuca trees of different diameters representing the range (I to 33 cm diam at 1.3 in height) within study sites were harvested during 1996, prior to the introduction of herbivorous insects, and again during 2003 after extensive tree damage had become apparent. Aboveground biomass, partitioned into several components (woody structures, foliage, fruits, and seeds), was quantified both times in Broward, Miami-Dade, and Palm Beach county sites located in south Florida. The two harvests within each site were performed in closely-matched melaleuca stands, and changes in biomass components were compared between years. Total biomass and woody portions decreased in Broward, whereas they increased in Miami-Dade and Palm Beach sites. Reductions in foliage (on all trees) and seed biomass (among seed-bearing trees) were greatest at Broward and least at Miami-Dade County site. Hence, overall seed and foliage production was severely reduced at the Broward site where both the natural enemy incidence and damage were more abundant compared to other sites. We therefore attribute the reduced foliar biomass and reproductive capability of melaleuca trees to infestations of natural enemies. These findings highlight the role that natural enemies can play in the long-term management of invasive tree species. C1 [Rayamajhi, Min B.; Pratt, Paul D.; Center, Ted D.; Tipping, Philip W.; Van, Thai K.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Rayamajhi, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM min.rayamajhi@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 451 EP 456 DI 10.1614/WS-07-152.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 304JJ UT WOS:000256105500018 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL Bates, JD AF Sheley, Roger L. Bates, Jon D. TI Restoring western juniper- (Juniperus occidentalis) infested rangeland after prescribed fire SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE juniper management; prescribed fire; reseeding; revegetation ID ECOSYSTEM RELIABILITY; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; ESTABLISHMENT; COMMUNITIES; STABILITY AB Restoring range sites dominated by western juniper is central to maintaining healthy functioning shrub-steppe ecosystems. On sites without adequate species composition to respond favorably to juniper controlled by fire, revegetation is necessary. We tested the following two hypotheses related to restoration after juniper control: (1) higher seeding rates would translate into higher density of seeded species, and (2) a rich seeding mixture would provide higher density and biomass than monocultures. Western juniper control was done by cutting 25% of the trees in 2002, allowing cut trees to dry for one year, followed by a broadcast fire applied in October 2003 which killed the remaining live juniper trees. Seeding treatments were applied in 2003 and included seeding six native species in monocultures' seeding a mixture of all six species at four rates (16.8, 22.4, 28.0, or 33.6 kg ha(-1) of pure live seeds), and a nonseeded control. Treatments were applied on a Sagebrush/bunchgrass and Snowberry/fescue site. We found that bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, big bluegrass, and western yarrow density ranged from 450 to 700 plants m(-2) which was over six-fold that of the control in 2004 at both sites. Only arrowleaf balsamroot did not establish successfully. The density of big bluegrass nearly doubled from 2004 to 2005. The highest plant density resulted from the highest seeding rate. The highest biomass production was combination seeding at 22.4 kg ha(-1) on the Sagebrush/bunchgrass site and 33.6 kg ha(-1) on the Snowberry/fescue site. Seeding a combination of species C1 [Sheley, Roger L.; Bates, Jon D.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM Roger.Sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.1614/WS-07-131.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 304JJ UT WOS:000256105500021 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF Harbach, RE Kitching, IJ AF Reinert, John F. Harbach, Ralph E. Kitching, Ian J. TI Phylogeny and classification of Ochlerotatus and allied taxa (Diptera : Culicidae : Aedini) based on morphological data from all life stages SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE cladistics; mosquitoes; taxonomy; systematics ID MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; AEDES-VIGILAX; DNA BARCODES; EGGS; SUBGENERA; LIST AB The phylogenetic relationships and generic assignments of 'Ochlerotatus' and related taxa of uncertain taxonomic position in the classification of Aedini previously proposed by the authors in 2004 and 2006 are explored using 297 characters from eggs, fourth-instar larvae, pupae, adults and immature habitat coded for 158 exemplar species. The ingroup comprises 54 species and the outgroup includes four non-aedine species and 100 aedine species, 21 of which were previously classified as incertae sedis. Data are analysed in a total-evidence approach using implied weighting. The analysis produced 158 most parsimonious cladograms. The strict consensus tree (SCT) corroborates the monophyly of the 30 generic-level taxa recognized previously that are included in the analysis. Overall, the results show remarkable congruence with those obtained previously despite differences in the taxa and morphological characters analysed in this and the two previous studies. All species of Ochlerotatus s.s., subgenus 'Ochlerotatus' sensu auctorum, Geoskusea, Levua, Pseudoskusea and Rhinoskusea included in the analysis fall within a single clade that is treated as genus Ochlerotatus; thus, the last four taxa are restored to their previous subgeneric rank within this genus. Nine additional subgenera, of which four are new, are proposed for monophyletic clades of Ochlerotatus species based on the strength of character support and application of the principle of equivalent rank. Acartomyia stat. nov., Culicelsa stat. nov., Gilesia stat. nov., Protoculex stat. nov. and Chrysoconops stat. nov. are resurrected from synonymy with Ochlerotatus; and Empihals subgen. nov. (type species: Culex vigilax Skuse), Pholeomyia subgen. nov. (type species: Aedes calcariae Marks), Buvirilia subgen. nov. (type species: Aedes edgari Stone & Rosen) and Sallumia subgen. nov. (type species: Aedes hortator Dyar & Knab) are described as new. The sister group of Ochlerotatus includes a number of species that were previously regarded as incertae sedis in 'Oc. (Finlaya)' and 'Oc. (Protomacleaya)'. Based on previous observations, refined relationships and new character support, three additional genera are recognized for species previously included in 'Finlaya', i.e. Danielsia stat. nov. (type species: Danielsia albotaeniata Leicester), Luius gen. nov. (type species: Aedes fengi Edwards) and Hopkinsius gen. nov. (type species: Aedes ingrami Edwards). Additionally, Alloeomyia subgen. nov. (type species: Culex pseudotaeniatus Giles) and Yamada subgen. nov. (type species: Aedes seoulensis Yamada) are introduced as subgenera of Collessius and Hopkinsius, respectively. As is usual with generic-level groups of Aedini, the newly recognized genera and subgenera are polythetic taxa that are diagnosed by unique combinations of characters. The analysis corroborates the previous observation that 'Oc. (Protomacleaya)' is a polyphyletic assemblage of species. C1 [Reinert, John F.] USDA ARS, Coll Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Harbach, Ralph E.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coll Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW,23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM John.Reinert@ars.usda.gov NR 102 TC 46 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4082 EI 1096-3642 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 153 IS 1 BP 29 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00382.x PG 86 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 292SZ UT WOS:000255287700002 ER PT J AU Kobza, K Sarath, G Zempleni, J AF Kobza, Keyna Sarath, Gautam Zempleni, Janos TI Prokaryotic BirA ligase biotinylates K4, K9, K18 and K23 in histone H3 SO BMB REPORTS LA English DT Article DE biotin; BirA ligase; histones; holocarboxylase synthetase; p67 ID HUMAN HOLOCARBOXYLASE SYNTHETASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; COA CARBOXYLASE; HUMAN-CELLS; BIOTINIDASE; DEFICIENCY; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; PATTERNS AB BirA ligase is a prokaryotic ortholog of holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) that can biotinylate proteins. This study tested the hypothesis that BirA ligase catalyzes the biotinylation of eukaryotic histones. If so, this would mean that recombinant BirA ligase is a useful surrogate for HCS in studies of histone biotinylation. The biological activity of recombinant BirA ligase was confirmed by enzymatic biotinylation of p67. In particular, it was found that BirA ligase biotinylated both calf thymus histone H1 and human bulk histone extracts. Incubation of recombinant BirA ligase with H3-based synthetic peptides showed that lysines 4, 9, 18, and 23 in histone H3 are the targets for the biotinylation by BirA ligase. Modification of the peptides (e.g., serine phosphorylation) affected the subsequent biotinylation by BirA ligase, suggesting crosstalk between modifications. In conclusion, this study suggests that prokaryotic BirA ligase is a promiscuous enzyme and biotinylates eukaryotic histones. Moreover the biotinylation of histones by BirA ligase is consistent with the proposed role of human HCS in chromatin. C1 [Kobza, Keyna; Zempleni, Janos] Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE USA. [Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Zempleni, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jzempleni2@unl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 P20 RR16469, P20 RR016469]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK063945, DK063945, R01 DK063945-04]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES015206, R21 ES015206, R21 ES015206-02] NR 24 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN SOCIETY BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CENTER, # 801, 635-4 , YEOKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL, 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-6696 J9 BMB REP JI BMB Rep. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 4 BP 310 EP 315 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 296DA UT WOS:000255522500007 PM 18452652 ER PT J AU Taylor, RE French, AD Gamble, GR Himmelsbach, DS Stipanovic, RD Thibodeaux, DP Wakelyn, PJ Dybowski, C AF Taylor, R. E. French, Alfred D. Gamble, Gary R. Himmelsbach, David S. Stipanovic, Robert D. Thibodeaux, Devron P. Wakelyn, Phillip J. Dybowski, C. TI H-1 and C-13 solid-state NMR of Gossypium barbadense (Pima) cotton SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE NMR; H-1 NMR; C-13 CP/MAS; spin diffusion; goldman-shen; spin-lattice relaxation; T-1; cellulose; moisture; water; cotton; Gossypium barbadense ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; SPIN-DIFFUSION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NATIVE CELLULOSE; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; WATER; ASSIGNMENT; POLYMERS AB The interaction of water with cellulose and its influence oil the nuclear spin dynamics in Gossypium barbadense (Pima) cotton were investigated by H-1 and C-13 solid-state NMR techniques. H-1 spin diffusion results from a Goldman-Shen experiment indicate that the water is multilayered. (1) H MAS experiments provide evidence of a range of correlation times for the water, indicative of molecular motion ranging from restricted to relatively mobile. The (1) H spin-lattice relaxation time varies with water content and is different for static and MAS conditions. By coupling the Goldman-Shen sequence with C-13 CP/MAS, cross-polarization from the molecularly mobile water protons distributes magnetization throughout the cellulose (as opposed to enhancing (13) C resonances from only the crystalline or the amorphous domains or from only the surface of the cellulose). However, spatial localization of the combined Goldman-Shen- C-13 CP/MAS experiment using both short mixing and contact times yields a spectrum consistent with predominantly the I-beta polymorph of cellulose. Longer mixing times and the same, short contact time yield a spectrum that is indicative of an increased I-alpha. polymorph content in the crystallite interiors relative to the smaller values found with short mixing times. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Taylor, R. E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, ARS, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Gamble, Gary R.; Thibodeaux, Devron P.] USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, ARS, Clemson, SC USA. [Himmelsbach, David S.] USDA, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Stipanovic, Robert D.] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Wakelyn, Phillip J.] Natl Cotton Council Amer, Washington, DC USA. [Dybowski, C.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19761 USA. RP Taylor, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM taylor@chem.ucla.edu NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 878 IS 1-3 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.08.006 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 300CG UT WOS:000255801300023 ER PT J AU Curry, E AF Curry, Eric TI Effects of 1-MCP applied postharvest on epicuticular wax of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) during storage SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Royal Gala; Autumn Gold; Delicious; ethylene inhibition; cuticle; microcracking; ultrastructure; platelet; bioregulator; maturity ID 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE 1-MCP; SURFACE; CULTIVARS; TEMPERATURE; GREASINESS; QUALITY; FRUITS AB BACKGROUND: Certain apple cultivars develop a greasy feel when overripe. Treating fruits with the ripening inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, SmartFresh (TM)) reduces fruit greasiness. This study examines the nature of this phenomenon. 'Royal Gala' apples were treated with 1-MCP at 1.0 mu 1 L-1 following harvest. Periodically, during storage at -1 degrees C for up to 6months, fruits were evaluated for internal ethylene concentration, fruit epicuticular wax morphology (using scanning electron microscopy) and non-polar organic solvent-extractable (NPOSE) wax constituents of the cuticle (using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry). RESULTS: In 2004, 1-MCP strongly inhibited internal ethylene production; however, total weight of NPOSE wax during storage was unaffected by treatment. In 2005, several wax constituents present in both 'Autumn Gold' and 'Royal Gala' showed differences during storage. In 2006, cuticular wax constituents comprising 80% of the total from 'Royal Gala' showed no treatment differences. Although several minor constituents did exhibit differences within treatment and sampling date, these did not appear sufficient to cause the subtle differences in surface wax morphology. CONCLUSION: 1-MCP strongly inhibited ethylene production and delayed development of certain wax constituents thought responsible for fruit greasiness during cold storage. Subtle differences in surface wax morphology appeared unrelated to wax production. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Curry, E (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM eric.curry@ars.usda.gov OI Curry, Eric/0000-0003-2958-9376 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 32 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 6 BP 996 EP 1006 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3180 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 290FV UT WOS:000255109600010 ER PT J AU Cho, MJ Howard, LR Prior, RL Morelock, T AF Cho, Mi Jin Howard, Luke R. Prior, Ronald L. Morelock, Teddy TI Flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of spinach genotypes determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE spinach; flavonoids; antioxidant capacity; ORAC(FL); PCL; HPLC/MS ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; VITAMIN-C; NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; VEGETABLES; OLERACEA; STORAGE; GLYCOSIDES; LEAVES; INDUCTION AB BACKGROUND: Flavonoids in different spinach genotypes were separated, identified, and quantified by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. The antioxidant capacities of the genotypes were also measured using two antioxidant assays-oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL)) and photochemiluminescence (PCL)-which measure the response to the peroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. RESULTS: Eighteen flavonoids representing glucuronides and acylated di- and triglycosides of methylated and methylene dioxide derivatives of 6-oxygenated flavonols were identified (patuletin, spinacetin, spinatoside, jaceidin). The total flavonoids ranged from 1805 to 3703 mg kg(-1), indicating 2.0-fold variation among genotypes. The ORACFL and PCL values ranged from 48.7 to 84.4 mmol kg(-1) and from 9.0 to 14.0 mmol kg(-1), respectively, representing as much as 1.7-fold variation among genotypes. CONCLUSION: The ORACFL and PCL values were highly correlated with total flavonoid content (r(xy)=0.96). (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Cho, Mi Jin; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Morelock, Teddy] Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1106 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3206 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 290FV UT WOS:000255109600023 ER PT J AU McGranahan, DA AF McGranahan, David A. TI Landscape influence on recent rural migration in the US SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE landscape preferences; natural amenities; migration; housing values; rural population change ID COUNTY GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; PREFERENCE; AMENITIES; QUALITY; VIEW; DETERMINANTS; EMPLOYMENT; RECOVERY AB This study of recent rural (nonmetropolitan) migration in the U.S. finds that, consistent with research on landscape preferences, people have been most drawn to areas with a mix of forest and open land, water area, topographical variation, and relatively little cropland. A simultaneous equation model of 1990-2000 change in jobs and net migration indicates that landscape features influenced migration directly, not through effects on employment. An inordinate rise in housing values in the most highly scenic areas in 1990-2000 was associated with an exceptional slowing of migration to those areas in 2000-2005, an indication that housing supply constraints such as land use regulation may now be dampening the ties between landscape preferences and migration in rural areas. The study findings on current habitat selection are particularly interesting given the frequent conjecture that landscape preferences are adaptive, reflecting the most suitable habitats for early man. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP McGranahan, DA (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 180 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM dmcg@ers.usda.gov NR 40 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 85 IS 3-4 BP 228 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.12.001 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 293IM UT WOS:000255329000009 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Lee, JY Lee, MY Hwang, DH Youn, HS AF Lee, Jeon-Soo Lee, Joo Young Lee, Mi Young Hwang, Daniel H. Youn, Hyung Sun TI Acrolein with an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group inhibits LPS-induced homodimerization of toll-like receptor 4 SO MOLECULES AND CELLS LA English DT Article DE acrolein; dimerization; LPS; Michael addition; NF-kappa B; IRF3; toll-like receptor ID NF-KAPPA-B; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; GENE-EXPRESSION; INNATE IMMUNITY; ACTIVATION; TLR4; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; RECOGNITION; CYSTEINE AB Acrolein is a highly electrophilic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde present in a number of environmental sources, especially cigarette smoke. It reacts strongly with the thiol groups of cysteine residues by Michael addition and has been reported to inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mechanism by which it inhibits NF-kappa B is not clear. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in sensing microbial components and inducing innate immune responses, and LPS-induced dimerization of TLR4 is required for activation of downstream signaling pathways. Thus, dimerization of TLR4 may be one of the first events involved in activating TLR4-mediated signaling pathways. Stimulation of TLR4 by LPS activates both myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88)- and TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN beta (TRIF)-dependent signaling pathways leading to activation of NF-kappa B and IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Acrolein inhibited NF-kappa B and IRF3 activation by LPS, but it did not inhibit NF-kappa B or IRF3 activation by MyD88, inhibitor kappa B kinase (IKK)beta, TRIF, or TNF-receptor-associated factor family member-associated NF-kappa B activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Acrolein inhibited LPS-induced dimerization of TLR4. which resulted in the down-regulation of NF-kappa B and IRF3 activation. These results suggest that activation of TLRs and subsequent immune/inflammatory responses induced by endogenous molecules or chronic infection can be modulated by certain chemicals with a structural motif that enables Michael addition. C1 [Lee, Jeon-Soo; Youn, Hyung Sun] Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Biomed Lab Sci, Coll Med Sci, Asan 336745, South Korea. [Lee, Joo Young] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Lee, Mi Young] Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Med Biotechnol, Coll Med Sci, Asan 336745, South Korea. [Hwang, Daniel H.] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hwang, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Youn, HS (reprint author), Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Biomed Lab Sci, Coll Med Sci, Asan 336745, South Korea. EM hyoun@sch.ac.kr NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU KOREAN SOC MOLECULAR & CELLULAR BIOLOGY PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUCKSAM-DONG, GANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1016-8478 J9 MOL CELLS JI Mol. Cells PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 253 EP 257 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 301MZ UT WOS:000255901600015 PM 18414004 ER PT J AU Schutzer, SE Schlater, LRK Ronning, CM DeShazer, D Luft, BJ Dunn, JJ Ravel, J Fraser-Liggett, CM Nierman, WC AF Schutzer, Steven E. Schlater, Linda R. K. Ronning, Catherine M. DeShazer, David Luft, Benjamin J. Dunn, John J. Ravel, Jacques Fraser-Liggett, Claire M. Nierman, William C. TI Characterization of Clinically-Attenuated Burkholderia mallei by Whole Genome Sequencing: Candidate Strain for Exclusion from Select Agent Lists SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Burkholderia mallei is an understudied biothreat agent responsible for glanders which can be lethal in humans and animals. Research with this pathogen has been hampered in part by constraints of Select Agent regulations for safety reasons. Whole genomic sequencing (WGS) is an apt approach to characterize newly discovered or poorly understood microbial pathogens. Methodology/Principal Findings: We performed WGS on a strain of B. mallei, SAVP1, previously pathogenic, that was experimentally infected in 6 equids ( 4 ponies, 1 mule, 1 donkey), natural hosts, for purposes of producing antibodies. Multiple high inocula were used in some cases. Unexpectedly SAVP1 appeared to be avirulent in the ponies and mule, and attenuated in the donkey, but induced antibodies. We determined the genome sequence of SAVP1 and compared it to a strain that was virulent in horses and a human. In comparison, this phenotypic avirulent SAVP1 strain was missing multiple genes including all the animal type III secretory system (T3SS) complex of genes demonstrated to be essential for virulence in mice and hamster models. The loss of these genes in the SAVP1 strain appears to be the consequence of a multiple gene deletion across insertion sequence ( IS) elements in the B. mallei genome. Therefore, the strain by itself is unlikely to revert naturally to its virulent phenotype. There were other genes present in one strain and not the other and vice-versa. Conclusion/Significance: The discovery that this strain of B. mallei was both avirulent in the natural host ponies, and did not possess T3SS associated genes may be fortuitous to advance biodefense research. The deleted virulence-essential T3SS is not likely to be re-acquired naturally. These findings may provide a basis for exclusion of SAVP1 from the Select Agent regulation or at least discussion of what else would be required for exclusion. This exclusion could accelerate research by investigators not possessing BSL-3 facilities and facilitate the production of reagents such as antibodies without the restraints of Select Agent regulation. C1 [Schutzer, Steven E.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Schlater, Linda R. K.] USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Ronning, Catherine M.; Nierman, William C.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [DeShazer, David] US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Fort Detrick, MD USA. [Luft, Benjamin J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Dunn, John J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biol Dept, Upton, NY USA. [Ravel, Jacques; Fraser-Liggett, Claire M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Ravel, Jacques; Fraser-Liggett, Claire M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Inst Genome Sc, Baltimore, MD USA. [Nierman, William C.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC USA. RP Schutzer, SE (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM schutzer@umdnj.edu OI Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233; Luft, Benjamin/0000-0001-9008-7004; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428 FU National Institutes of Health [N01-AI30071, U01 AI056480, AI063757] FX Work was funded in part by several grants from the National Institutes of Health (N01-AI30071, U01 AI056480, AI063757). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 AR e2058 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002058 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 381YR UT WOS:000261572300027 PM 18446194 ER PT J AU Han, HY Norrbom, AL AF Han, Ho-Yeon Norrbom, Allen L. TI A new species of Philophylla Rondani (Diptera : Tephritidae : Trypetini) from New Caledonia, recognized based on female postabdominal structure and molecular sequence data SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Tephritidae; Trypetini; Philophylla millei; New Caledonia; 16S AB Philophylla millei, n. sp., from New Caledonia is described and its relationship analyzed. This species was recorded previously as Anastrephoides sp. based on a single female, which closely resembles the eastern Palaearctic species Anastrephoides matsumurai Shiraki. Whether this similarity reflects the close relationship of these species or a case of convergent evolution was examined using morphology and molecular data. We examined both male and female specimens of the New Caledonian trypetine species and sequenced the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene of this species and related trypetine species. This new species is a member of the genus Philophylla Rondani based both on the female postabdominal structure as well as DNA sequence data. C1 [Han, Ho-Yeon] Yonsei Univ, Dept Life Sci, Wonju, Gangwon Do, South Korea. [Norrbom, Allen L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Han, HY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Life Sci, Wonju, Gangwon Do, South Korea. EM hyhan@yonsei.ac.kr; Allen.Norrbom@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 30 PY 2008 IS 1759 BP 43 EP 68 PG 26 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 295NH UT WOS:000255480700002 ER PT J AU Williams, BAP Lee, RCH Becnel, JJ Weiss, LM Fast, NM Keeling, PJ AF Williams, Bryony A. P. Lee, Renny C. H. Becnel, James J. Weiss, Louis M. Fast, Naomi M. Keeling, Patrick J. TI Genome sequence surveys of Brachiola algerae and Edhazardia aedis reveal microsporidia with low gene densities SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ANTONOSPORA-LOCUSTAE; NOSEMA-ALGERAE; FUNGI; EUKARYOTE; DNA; POLYMERASE; COMPACTION AB Background: Microsporidia are well known models of extreme nuclear genome reduction and compaction. The smallest microsporidian genomes have received the most attention, but genomes of different species range in size from 2.3 Mb to 19.5 Mb and the nature of the larger genomes remains unknown. Results: Here we have undertaken genome sequence surveys of two diverse microsporidia, Brachiola algerae and Edhazardia aedis. In both species we find very large intergenic regions, many transposable elements, and a low gene-density, all in contrast to the small, model microsporidian genomes. We also find no recognizable genes that are not also found in other surveyed or sequenced microsporidian genomes. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that microsporidian genome architecture varies greatly between microsporidia. Much of the genome size difference could be accounted for by non-coding material, such as intergenic spaces and retrotransposons, and this suggests that the forces dictating genome size may vary across the phylum. C1 [Williams, Bryony A. P.; Lee, Renny C. H.; Fast, Naomi M.; Keeling, Patrick J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Becnel, James J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Weiss, Louis M.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Div Trop Med & Parasitol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Keeling, PJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Canadian Inst Adv Res, 3529-6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM B.A.P.Williams@exeter.ac.uk; renny@interchange.ubc.ca; James.Becnel@ars.usda.gov; lmweiss@aecom.yu.edu; nfast@interchange.ubc.ca; pkeeling@interchange.ubc.ca OI Williams, Bryony/0000-0003-1123-2176 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI031788, R01 AI031788-18] NR 39 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD APR 29 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 200 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-200 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 308OB UT WOS:000256398800004 PM 18445287 ER PT J AU Trichopoulou, A Yiannakouris, N Bamia, C Benetou, V Trichopoulos, D Ordovas, JM AF Trichopoulou, Antonia Yiannakouris, Nikos Bamia, Christina Benetou, Vassiliki Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Ordovas, Jose M. TI Genetic predisposition, nongenetic risk factors, and coronary infarct SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; GENERAL-POPULATION SAMPLE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DIETARY PATTERNS; METAANALYSIS; POLYMORPHISM; REPLICATION; METABOLISM; MORTALITY AB Background: Using a genetic predisposition score (GPS), additively integrating the associations of 11 polymorphisms with coronary heart disease (CHD), we examined the consequences of the joint presence of a high GPS and nongenetic CHD risk factors. Methods: Within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition, 202 case patients with medically confirmed incident coronary infarct and 197 control subjects were identified in Greece. Each polymorphism contributed I unit (high-risk homozygous), one-half unit (heterozygous), or no units (low-risk homozygous) to the GPS. Odds ratios of coronary infarction for those at high risk because of genetic predisposition and simultaneous presence of an established CHD risk factor were estimated, compared with subjects at low risk, for both GPS and each CHD risk factor. Results: The joint presence of a high GPS ( >= 3.5) and each studied CHD risk factor was in all instances associated with a significantly increased risk of coronary infarction. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 2.62 (1.14-6.02) for ever smoking, 2.88 (1.33-6.24) for hypertension, 3.50 (1.67-7.33) for low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, 3.05 (1.53-6.08) for high non-HDL level, and 3.66 (1.75-7.65) for poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The odds ratios were always lower and nonsignificant when the GPS was low. There was suggestive evidence for interaction of a high GPS with hypertension (P=.05) and non-HDL cholesterol level (P=.13). Conclusions: Genetic predisposition may interact with hypertension and, perhaps, also with the level of non-HDL cholesterol, in the causation of CHD. Genetic predisposition and the other studied exposures seem to have converging effects. Thus, the GPS may identify individuals who could realize disproportional benefits by controlling their hypertension and, possibly, their non-HDL cholesterol level. C1 [Trichopoulou, Antonia] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Trichopoulou, Antonia; Bamia, Christina; Benetou, Vassiliki] Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. [Trichopoulou, Antonia] Hellen Hlth Fdn, Athens, Greece. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Trichopoulos, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dtrichop@hsph.harvard.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776, R01 HL054776] NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 8 BP 891 EP 896 DI 10.1001/archinte.168.8.891 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 292EI UT WOS:000255248900018 PM 18443266 ER PT J AU Maggi, F Gu, C Riley, WJ Hornberger, GM Venterea, RT Xu, T Spycher, N Steefel, C Miller, NL Oldenburg, CM AF Maggi, F. Gu, C. Riley, W. J. Hornberger, G. M. Venterea, R. T. Xu, T. Spycher, N. Steefel, C. Miller, N. L. Oldenburg, C. M. TI A mechanistic treatment of the dominant soil nitrogen cycling processes: Model development, testing, and application SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; OXIDE EMISSIONS; N2O EMISSIONS; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; GAS EMISSIONS; NO EMISSIONS; DENITRIFICATION; SIMULATION AB The development and initial application of a mechanistic model ( TOUGHREACT-N) designed to characterize soil nitrogen ( N) cycling and losses are described. The model couples advective and diffusive nutrient transport, multiple microbial biomass dynamics, and equilibrium and kinetic chemical reactions. TOUGHREACT-N was calibrated and tested against field measurements to assess pathways of N loss as either gas emission or solute leachate following fertilization and irrigation in a Central Valley, California, agricultural field as functions of fertilizer application rate and depth, and irrigation water volume. Our results, relative to the period before plants emerge, show that an increase in fertilizer rate produced a nonlinear response in terms of N losses. An increase of irrigation volume produced NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-) leaching, whereas an increase in fertilization depth mainly increased leaching of all N solutes. In addition, nitrifying bacteria largely increased in mass with increasing fertilizer rate. Increases in water application caused nitrifiers and denitrifiers to decrease and increase their mass, respectively, while nitrifiers and denitrifiers reversed their spatial stratification when fertilizer was applied below 15 cm depth. Coupling aqueous advection and diffusion, and gaseous diffusion with biological processes, closely captured actual conditions and, in the system explored here, significantly clarified interpretation of field measurements. C1 [Maggi, F.; Gu, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Water Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Riley, W. J.; Xu, T.; Spycher, N.; Steefel, C.; Miller, N. L.; Oldenburg, C. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hornberger, G. M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Venterea, R. T.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Maggi, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Water Ctr, 413 Obrien Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fmaggi@berkeley.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010; Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010; Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Gu, Chuanhui/D-1781-2017 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Gu, Chuanhui/0000-0003-3445-648X NR 57 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G2 AR G02016 DI 10.1029/2007JG000578 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 295FK UT WOS:000255460200001 ER PT J AU Richards, S Gibbs, RA Weinstock, GM Brown, SJ Denell, R Beeman, RW Gibbs, R Bucher, G Friedrich, M Grimmelikhuijzen, CJP Klingler, M Lorenzen, MD Roth, S Schroder, R Tautz, D Zdobnov, EM Muzny, D Attaway, T Bell, S Buhay, CJ Chandrabose, MN Chavez, D Clerk-Blankenburg, KP Cree, A Dao, M Davis, C Chacko, J Dinh, H Dugan-Rocha, S Fowler, G Garner, TT Garnes, J Gnirke, A Hawes, A Hernandez, J Hines, S Holder, M Hume, J Jhangiani, SN Joshi, V Khan, ZM Jackson, L Kovar, C Kowis, A Lee, S Lewis, LR Margolis, J Morgan, M Nazareth, LV Nguyen, N Okwuonu, G Parker, D Ruiz, SJ Santibanez, J Savard, J Scherer, SE Schneider, B Sodergren, E Vattahil, S Villasana, D White, CS Wright, R Park, Y Lord, J Oppert, B Brown, S Wang, LJ Savard, J Liu, Y Worley, K Elsik, CG Reese, JT Elhaik, E Landan, G Graur, D Arensburger, P Atkinson, P Beidler, J Demuth, JP Drury, DW Du, YZ Fujiwara, H Maselli, V Osanai, M Robertson, HM Tu, Z Wang, JJ Wang, SZ Song, H Zhang, L Sodergren, E Werner, D Stanke, M Morgenstern, B Solovyev, V Kosarev, P Brown, G Chen, HC Ermolaeva, O Hlavina, W Kapustin, Y Kiryutin, B Kitts, P Maglott, D Pruitt, K Sapojnikov, V Souvorov, A Mackey, AJ Waterhouse, RM Wyder, S Zdobnov, EM Kriventseva, EV Kadowaki, T Bork, P Aranda, M Bao, RY Beermann, A Berns, N Bolognesi, R Bonneton, F Bopp, D Butts, T Chaumot, A Denell, RE Ferrier, DEK Gordon, CM Jindra, M Klingler, M Lan, Q Lattorff, HMG Laudet, V von Levetsow, C Liu, ZY Lutz, R Lynch, JA da Fonseca, RN Posnien, N Reuter, R Roth, S Schinko, JB Schmitt, C Schoppmeier, M Shippy, TD Simonnet, F Marques-Souza, H Tomoyasu, Y Trauner, J Van der Zee, M Vervoort, M Wittkopp, N Wimmer, EA Yang, XY Jones, AK Sattelle, DB Ebert, PR Nelson, D Scott, JG Muthukrishnan, S Kramer, KJ Arakane, Y Zhu, QS Hogenkamp, D Dixit, R Jiang, HB Zou, Z Marshall, J Elpidina, E Vinokurov, K Oppert, C Evans, J Lu, ZQ Zhao, PC Sumathipala, N Altincicek, B Vilcinskas, A Williams, M Hultmark, D Hetru, C Hauser, F Cazzamali, G Williamson, M Li, B Tanaka, Y Predel, R Neupert, S Schachtner, J Verleyen, P Raible, F Walden, KKO Robertson, HM Angeli, S Foret, S Schuetz, S Maleszka, R Miller, SC Grossmann, D AF Richards, Stephen Gibbs, Richard A. Weinstock, George M. Brown, Susan J. Denell, Robin Beeman, Richard W. Gibbs, Richard Bucher, Gregor Friedrich, Markus Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P. Klingler, Martin Lorenzen, Marce D. Roth, Siegfried Schroeder, Reinhard Tautz, Diethard Zdobnov, Evgeny M. Muzny, Donna Attaway, Tony Bell, Stephanie Buhay, Christian J. Chandrabose, Mimi N. Chavez, Dean Clerk-Blankenburg, Kerstin P. Cree, Andrew Dao, Marvin Davis, Clay Chacko, Joseph Dinh, Huyen Dugan-Rocha, Shannon Fowler, Gerald Garner, Toni T. Garnes, Jeffrey Gnirke, Andreas Hawes, Alica Hernandez, Judith Hines, Sandra Holder, Michael Hume, Jennifer Jhangiani, Shalini N. Joshi, Vandita Khan, Ziad Mohid Jackson, LaRonda Kovar, Christie Kowis, Andrea Lee, Sandra Lewis, Lora R. Margolis, Jon Morgan, Margaret Nazareth, Lynne V. Nguyen, Ngoc Okwuonu, Geoffrey Parker, David Ruiz, San-Juana Santibanez, Jireh Savard, Joel Scherer, Steven E. Schneider, Brian Sodergren, Erica Vattahil, Selina Villasana, Donna White, Courtney S. Wright, Rita Park, Yoonseong Lord, Jeff Oppert, Brenda Brown, Susan Wang, Liangjiang Savard, Joel Liu, Yue Worley, Kim Elsik, Christine G. Reese, Justin T. Elhaik, Eran Landan, Giddy Graur, Dan Arensburger, Peter Atkinson, Peter Beidler, Jim Demuth, Jeffery P. Drury, Douglas W. Du, Yu-Zhou Fujiwara, Haruhiko Maselli, Vincenza Osanai, Mizuko Robertson, Hugh M. Tu, Zhijian Wang, Jian-Jun Wang, Suzhi Song, Henry Zhang, Lan Sodergren, Erica Werner, Doreen Stanke, Mario Morgenstern, Burkhard Solovyev, Victor Kosarev, Peter Brown, Garth Chen, Hsiu-Chuan Ermolaeva, Olga Hlavina, Wratko Kapustin, Yuri Kiryutin, Boris Kitts, Paul Maglott, Donna Pruitt, Kim Sapojnikov, Victor Souvorov, Alexandre Mackey, Aaron J. Waterhouse, Robert M. Wyder, Stefan Zdobnov, Evgeny M. Kriventseva, Evgenia V. Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko Bork, Peer Aranda, Manuel Bao, Riyue Beermann, Anke Berns, Nicola Bolognesi, Renata Bonneton, Francois Bopp, Daniel Butts, Thomas Chaumot, Arnaud Denell, Robin E. Ferrier, David E. K. Gordon, Cassondra M. Jindra, Marek Klingler, Martin Lan, Que Lattorff, H. Michael G. Laudet, Vincent von Levetsow, Cornelia Liu, Zhenyi Lutz, Rebekka Lynch, Jeremy A. da Fonseca, Rodrigo Nunes Posnien, Nico Reuter, Rolf Roth, Siegfried Schinko, Johannes B. Schmitt, Christian Schoppmeier, Michael Shippy, Teresa D. Simonnet, Franck Marques-Souza, Henrique Tomoyasu, Yoshinori Trauner, Jochen Van der Zee, Maurijn Vervoort, Michel Wittkopp, Nadine Wimmer, Ernst A. Yang, Xiaoyun Jones, Andrew K. Sattelle, David B. Ebert, Paul R. Nelson, David Scott, Jeffrey G. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Kramer, Karl J. Arakane, Yasuyuki Zhu, Qingsong Hogenkamp, David Dixit, Radhika Jiang, Haobo Zou, Zhen Marshall, Jeremy Elpidina, Elena Vinokurov, Konstantin Oppert, Cris Evans, Jay Lu, Zhiqiang Zhao, Picheng Sumathipala, Niranji Altincicek, Boran Vilcinskas, Andreas Williams, Michael Hultmark, Dan Hetru, Charles Hauser, Frank Cazzamali, Giuseppe Williamson, Michael Li, Bin Tanaka, Yoshiaki Predel, Reinhard Neupert, Susanne Schachtner, Joachim Verleyen, Peter Raible, Florian Walden, Kimberly K. O. Robertson, Hugh M. Angeli, Sergio Foret, Sylvain Schuetz, Stefan Maleszka, Ryszard Miller, Sherry C. Grossmann, Daniela CA Tribolium Genome Sequencing Consortium TI The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SHORT-GERM INSECT; RED FLOUR BEETLE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GENE SUPERFAMILY; APIS-MELLIFERA; MESSENGER-RNA; BOMBYX-MORI; HONEY-BEE; PROTEIN; SEGMENTATION AB Tribolium castaneum is a member of the most species-rich eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved the ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment, as shown by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as P450 and other detoxification enzymes. Development in Tribolium is more representative of other insects than is Drosophila, a fact reflected in gene content and function. For example, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell - cell communication than Drosophila, some being expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short- germ development. Systemic RNA interference in T. castaneum functions differently from that in Caenorhabditis elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control. C1 [Richards, Stephen; Gibbs, Richard A.; Weinstock, George M.; Gibbs, Richard; Bucher, Gregor; Muzny, Donna; Attaway, Tony; Bell, Stephanie; Buhay, Christian J.; Chandrabose, Mimi N.; Chavez, Dean; Clerk-Blankenburg, Kerstin P.; Cree, Andrew; Dao, Marvin; Davis, Clay; Chacko, Joseph; Dinh, Huyen; Dugan-Rocha, Shannon; Fowler, Gerald; Garner, Toni T.; Hawes, Alica; Hernandez, Judith; Hines, Sandra; Holder, Michael; Hume, Jennifer; Jhangiani, Shalini N.; Joshi, Vandita; Khan, Ziad Mohid; Jackson, LaRonda; Kovar, Christie; Kowis, Andrea; Lee, Sandra; Lewis, Lora R.; Morgan, Margaret; Nazareth, Lynne V.; Nguyen, Ngoc; Okwuonu, Geoffrey; Parker, David; Ruiz, San-Juana; Santibanez, Jireh; Scherer, Steven E.; Schneider, Brian; Sodergren, Erica; Vattahil, Selina; Villasana, Donna; White, Courtney S.; Wright, Rita; Liu, Yue; Worley, Kim; Song, Henry; Zhang, Lan; Sodergren, Erica] Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Richards, Stephen; Gibbs, Richard A.; Weinstock, George M.; Gibbs, Richard; Bucher, Gregor; Muzny, Donna; Attaway, Tony; Bell, Stephanie; Buhay, Christian J.; Chandrabose, Mimi N.; Chavez, Dean; Clerk-Blankenburg, Kerstin P.; Cree, Andrew; Dao, Marvin; Davis, Clay; Chacko, Joseph; Dinh, Huyen; Dugan-Rocha, Shannon; Fowler, Gerald; Garner, Toni T.; Hawes, Alica; Hernandez, Judith; Hines, Sandra; Holder, Michael; Hume, Jennifer; Jhangiani, Shalini N.; Joshi, Vandita; Khan, Ziad Mohid; Jackson, LaRonda; Kovar, Christie; Kowis, Andrea; Lee, Sandra; Lewis, Lora R.; Morgan, Margaret; Nazareth, Lynne V.; Nguyen, Ngoc; Okwuonu, Geoffrey; Parker, David; Ruiz, San-Juana; Santibanez, Jireh; Scherer, Steven E.; Schneider, Brian; Sodergren, Erica; Vattahil, Selina; Villasana, Donna; White, Courtney S.; Wright, Rita; Liu, Yue; Worley, Kim; Song, Henry; Zhang, Lan; Sodergren, Erica] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Brown, Susan J.; Denell, Robin; Lorenzen, Marce D.; Brown, Susan; Wang, Liangjiang; Wang, Suzhi; Bolognesi, Renata; Denell, Robin E.; Gordon, Cassondra M.; Shippy, Teresa D.; Tomoyasu, Yoshinori; Marshall, Jeremy; Miller, Sherry C.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Beeman, Richard W.; Lorenzen, Marce D.; Lord, Jeff; Oppert, Brenda; Kramer, Karl J.; Arakane, Yasuyuki; Oppert, Cris] ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Posnien, Nico; Schinko, Johannes B.; Simonnet, Franck; Wimmer, Ernst A.; Schuetz, Stefan; Grossmann, Daniela] Univ Gottingen, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst, Dept Dev Biol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Friedrich, Markus; Bao, Riyue; Yang, Xiaoyun] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P.; Hauser, Frank; Cazzamali, Giuseppe; Williamson, Michael] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Funct & Comparat Insect Genom, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hauser, Frank; Cazzamali, Giuseppe; Williamson, Michael] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Cell Biol & Comparat Zool, Inst Biol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Klingler, Martin; Klingler, Martin; Schmitt, Christian; Schoppmeier, Michael; Trauner, Jochen] Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen, Dept Dev Biol, Inst Biol, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Roth, Siegfried; von Levetsow, Cornelia; Lynch, Jeremy A.; da Fonseca, Rodrigo Nunes; Roth, Siegfried] Univ Cologne, Inst Dev Biol, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. [Schroeder, Reinhard; Beermann, Anke; Berns, Nicola; Lutz, Rebekka; Reuter, Rolf; Wittkopp, Nadine] Univ Tubingen, Interfac Inst Cell Biol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Tautz, Diethard; Savard, Joel; Savard, Joel; Aranda, Manuel; Marques-Souza, Henrique; Van der Zee, Maurijn] Univ Cologne, Dept Genet, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. [Zdobnov, Evgeny M.; Wyder, Stefan; Zdobnov, Evgeny M.; Kriventseva, Evgenia V.] Univ Geneva, Med Sch, Dept Genet Med & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Zdobnov, Evgeny M.; Zdobnov, Evgeny M.] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Zdobnov, Evgeny M.; Waterhouse, Robert M.; Zdobnov, Evgeny M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, BACPAC Resources, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Garnes, Jeffrey] MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Garnes, Jeffrey] Harvard Univ, Cambridge Ctr 7, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Gnirke, Andreas; Margolis, Jon] AgraQuest Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Park, Yoonseong; Li, Bin] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Elsik, Christine G.; Reese, Justin T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Elhaik, Eran; Landan, Giddy; Graur, Dan] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Arensburger, Peter; Atkinson, Peter] Univ Calif, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Beidler, Jim; Tu, Zhijian] Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Demuth, Jeffery P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Drury, Douglas W.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Du, Yu-Zhou; Wang, Jian-Jun] Yangzhou Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. [Fujiwara, Haruhiko; Osanai, Mizuko] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Dept Integrated Biosci, Chiba 2778562, Japan. [Maselli, Vincenza] European Sch Mol Med, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Telethon Inst Genet & Med, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Robertson, Hugh M.; Walden, Kimberly K. O.; Robertson, Hugh M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Werner, Doreen; Stanke, Mario; Morgenstern, Burkhard] Univ Gottingen, Dept Bioinformat, Inst Microbiol & Genet, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Solovyev, Victor] Univ London, Dept Comp Sci, Surrey TW20 0EX, England. [Kosarev, Peter] Softberry Inc, Mt Kisco, NY 10549 USA. [Brown, Garth; Chen, Hsiu-Chuan; Ermolaeva, Olga; Hlavina, Wratko; Kapustin, Yuri; Kiryutin, Boris; Kitts, Paul; Maglott, Donna; Pruitt, Kim; Sapojnikov, Victor; Souvorov, Alexandre] Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Mackey, Aaron J.] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [Kriventseva, Evgenia V.] Univ Geneva, Dept Struct Biol & Bioinformat, Sch Med, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Bork, Peer; Raible, Florian] European Mol Biol Lab, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Bork, Peer] Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, D-13092 Berlin, Germany. [Bonneton, Francois; Laudet, Vincent] Univ Lyon 1, Inst Genom Fonctionnelle Lyon, Equipe Zool Mol, ENS Lyon,CNRS,UMR 5242,INRA,IFR128, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. [Bopp, Daniel] Univ Zurich, Zool Inst, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Butts, Thomas; Ferrier, David E. K.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Chaumot, Arnaud] CEMAGREF, Lab Ecotoxicol, F-69336 Lyon 09, France. [Jindra, Marek] Inst Entomol ASCR, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Lan, Que] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lattorff, H. Michael G.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Liu, Zhenyi] Washington Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Pharmacol, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Vervoort, Michel] Univ Paris 07, Ctr Genet Mol, CNRS UPR 2167, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Jones, Andrew K.; Sattelle, David B.] Univ Oxford, MRC Funct Genet Unit, Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, Oxford OX1 3QX, England. [Ebert, Paul R.] Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Ebert, Paul R.] Univ Queensland, Sch Mol & Microbial Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Nelson, David] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mol Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Nelson, David] Univ Tennessee, Ct Excellence Genom & Bioinformat, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Scott, Jeffrey G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam; Kramer, Karl J.; Arakane, Yasuyuki; Zhu, Qingsong; Hogenkamp, David; Dixit, Radhika] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Jiang, Haobo; Zou, Zhen; Lu, Zhiqiang; Zhao, Picheng; Sumathipala, Niranji] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Elpidina, Elena; Vinokurov, Konstantin] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Evans, Jay] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Altincicek, Boran; Vilcinskas, Andreas] Univ Giessen, Inst Phytopathol & Appl Zool, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Williams, Michael; Hultmark, Dan] Umea Univ, Umea Ctr Mol Pathogenesis, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Hetru, Charles] CNRS, Inst Biol Molec Cell, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Tanaka, Yoshiaki] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Div Insect Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058634, Japan. [Predel, Reinhard; Neupert, Susanne] Univ Jena, Inst Gen Zool, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Schachtner, Joachim] Univ Marburg, Dept Anim Physiol, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Verleyen, Peter] Univ Louvain, Dept Anim Physiol & Neurobiol, BE-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Angeli, Sergio] Inst Forest Zool & Forest Conservat, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Foret, Sylvain; Maleszka, Ryszard] Australian Natl Univ, Visual Sci & ARC Ctr Mol Genet Dev, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Richards, S (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Zdobnov, Evgeny/K-1133-2012; Marshall, Jeremy/D-1436-2013; Ferrier, David/D-7595-2013; Bork, Peer/F-1813-2013; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; Z., Q./I-4446-2013; Klingler, Martin/J-8383-2013; Maleszka, Ryszard/A-6078-2008; Entomologiamolecular, Inct/J-8214-2013; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; ZHAO, PICHENG/G-3737-2014; Bao, Riyue/G-8765-2014; Maselli, Vincenza/H-4672-2014; Hauser, Frank/M-2952-2014; Bucher, Gregor/B-9004-2015; Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015; Hultmark, Dan/C-5058-2013; zou, zhen/C-6134-2016; Waterhouse, Robert/A-1858-2010; Jindra, Marek/H-2082-2014; Tautz, Diethard/H-8436-2014; Elsik, Christine/C-4120-2017; Tomoyasu, Yoshinori/D-3061-2017; Posnien, Nico/D-1639-2012; Morgenstern, Burkhard/A-7486-2008; Angeli, Sergio/A-7720-2008; Altincicek, Boran/C-1191-2009; Schachtner, Joachim/D-5522-2009; Lattorff, H. Michael/F-6287-2010; Roth, Siegfried/E-8241-2010; Fonseca, Rodrigo/B-2981-2009; Foret, Sylvain/C-7661-2011; Tautz, Diethard/D-4304-2011; Aranda Lastra, Manuel/D-9530-2011; Vinokurov, Konstantin/F-9521-2011; Raible, Florian/G-6019-2011; Liu, Zhenyi/H-5673-2011; Park, Yoonseong/J-5861-2013; OI Ferrier, David/0000-0003-3247-6233; Bork, Peer/0000-0002-2627-833X; Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Klingler, Martin/0000-0001-8859-1965; Maleszka, Ryszard/0000-0003-1855-555X; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Bao, Riyue/0000-0002-6105-1704; Maselli, Vincenza/0000-0002-9877-3751; Hauser, Frank/0000-0001-5563-2345; Bucher, Gregor/0000-0002-4615-6401; Hultmark, Dan/0000-0002-6506-5855; zou, zhen/0000-0003-3550-7656; Waterhouse, Robert/0000-0003-4199-9052; Jindra, Marek/0000-0002-2196-9924; Tautz, Diethard/0000-0002-0460-5344; Elsik, Christine/0000-0002-4248-7713; Tomoyasu, Yoshinori/0000-0001-9824-3454; Posnien, Nico/0000-0003-0700-5595; Angeli, Sergio/0000-0002-8463-7476; Altincicek, Boran/0000-0003-2019-452X; Lattorff, H. Michael/0000-0002-8603-6332; Roth, Siegfried/0000-0001-5772-3558; Fonseca, Rodrigo/0000-0003-3063-7806; Aranda Lastra, Manuel/0000-0001-6673-016X; Landan, Giddy/0000-0002-2502-8750; chaumot, arnaud/0000-0001-9132-3419; Bonneton, Francois/0000-0002-6500-1931; Nelson, David/0000-0003-0583-5421; Park, Yoonseong/0000-0003-1191-7335; Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis/0000-0001-6486-2046; Wyder, Stefan/0000-0002-3412-0292 NR 51 TC 564 Z9 592 U1 9 U2 178 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 452 IS 7190 BP 949 EP 955 DI 10.1038/nature06784 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 291PF UT WOS:000255208600030 ER PT J AU Ming, R Hou, SB Feng, Y Yu, QY Dionne-Laporte, A Saw, JH Senin, P Wang, W Ly, BV Lewis, KLT Salzberg, SL Feng, L Jones, MR Skelton, RL Murray, JE Chen, CX Qian, WB Shen, JG Du, P Eustice, M Tong, E Tang, HB Lyons, E Paull, RE Michael, TP Wall, K Rice, DW Albert, H Wang, ML Zhu, YJ Schatz, M Nagarajan, N Acob, RA Guan, PZ Blas, A Wai, CM Ackerman, CM Ren, Y Liu, C Wang, JM Wang, JP Na, JK Shakirov, EV Haas, B Thimmapuram, J Nelson, D Wang, XY Bowers, JE Gschwend, AR Delcher, AL Singh, R Suzuki, JY Tripathi, S Neupane, K Wei, HR Irikura, B Paidi, M Jiang, N Zhang, WL Presting, G Windsor, A Navajas-Perez, R Torres, MJ Feltus, FA Porter, B Li, YJ Burroughs, AM Luo, MC Liu, L Christopher, DA Mount, SM Moore, PH Sugimura, T Jiang, JM Schuler, MA Friedman, V Mitchell-Olds, T Shippen, DE dePamphilis, CW Palmer, JD Freeling, M Paterson, AH Gonsalves, D Wang, L Alam, M AF Ming, Ray Hou, Shaobin Feng, Yun Yu, Qingyi Dionne-Laporte, Alexandre Saw, Jimmy H. Senin, Pavel Wang, Wei Ly, Benjamin V. Lewis, Kanako L. T. Salzberg, Steven L. Feng, Lu Jones, Meghan R. Skelton, Rachel L. Murray, Jan E. Chen, Cuixia Qian, Wubin Shen, Junguo Du, Peng Eustice, Moriah Tong, Eric Tang, Haibao Lyons, Eric Paull, Robert E. Michael, Todd P. Wall, Kerr Rice, Danny W. Albert, Henrik Wang, Ming-Li Zhu, Yun J. Schatz, Michael Nagarajan, Niranjan Acob, Ricelle A. Guan, Peizhu Blas, Andrea Wai, Ching Man Ackerman, Christine M. Ren, Yan Liu, Chao Wang, Jianmei Wang, Jianping Na, Jong-Kuk Shakirov, Eugene V. Haas, Brian Thimmapuram, Jyothi Nelson, David Wang, Xiyin Bowers, John E. Gschwend, Andrea R. Delcher, Arthur L. Singh, Ratnesh Suzuki, Jon Y. Tripathi, Savarni Neupane, Kabi Wei, Hairong Irikura, Beth Paidi, Maya Jiang, Ning Zhang, Wenli Presting, Gernot Windsor, Aaron Navajas-Perez, Rafael Torres, Manuel J. Feltus, F. Alex Porter, Brad Li, Yingjun Burroughs, A. Max Luo, Ming-Cheng Liu, Lei Christopher, David A. Mount, Stephen M. Moore, Paul H. Sugimura, Tak Jiang, Jiming Schuler, Mary A. Friedman, Vikki Mitchell-Olds, Thomas Shippen, Dorothy E. dePamphilis, Claude W. Palmer, Jeffrey D. Freeling, Michael Paterson, Andrew H. Gonsalves, Dennis Wang, Lei Alam, Maqsudul TI The draft genome of the transgenic tropical fruit tree papaya (Carica papaya Linnaeus) SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RINGSPOT VIRUS; Y-CHROMOSOME; GENE; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; DNA; EVOLUTION; FAMILIES; PLANTS AB Papaya, a fruit crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, is known for its nutritional benefits and medicinal applications. Here we report a 33 draft genome sequence of 'SunUp' papaya, the first commercial virus- resistant transgenic fruit tree(1) to be sequenced. The papaya genome is three times the size of the Arabidopsis genome, but contains fewer genes, including significantly fewer disease- resistance gene analogues. Comparison of the five sequenced genomes suggests a minimal angiosperm gene set of 13,311. A lack of recent genome duplication, atypical of other angiosperm genomes sequenced so far(2-5), may account for the smaller papaya gene number in most functional groups. Nonetheless, striking amplifications in gene number within particular functional groups suggest roles in the evolution of tree- like habit, deposition and remobilization of starch reserves, attraction of seed dispersal agents, and adaptation to tropical daylengths. Transgenesis at three locations is closely associated with chloroplast insertions into the nuclear genome, and with topoisomerase I recognition sites. Papaya offers numerous advantages as a system for fruit- tree functional genomics, and this draft genome sequence provides the foundation for revealing the basis of Carica's distinguishing morpho- physiological, medicinal and nutritional properties. C1 [Hou, Shaobin; Dionne-Laporte, Alexandre; Saw, Jimmy H.; Senin, Pavel; Ly, Benjamin V.; Lewis, Kanako L. T.; Alam, Maqsudul] Univ Hawaii, Dept Microbiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ming, Ray; Yu, Qingyi; Jones, Meghan R.; Skelton, Rachel L.; Murray, Jan E.; Eustice, Moriah; Tong, Eric; Wang, Ming-Li; Zhu, Yun J.; Acob, Ricelle A.; Guan, Peizhu; Blas, Andrea; Wai, Ching Man; Ackerman, Christine M.; Singh, Ratnesh; Paidi, Maya] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Ming, Ray; Murray, Jan E.; Chen, Cuixia; Wang, Jianping; Na, Jong-Kuk; Gschwend, Andrea R.; Li, Yingjun] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Feng, Yun; Wang, Wei; Feng, Lu; Qian, Wubin; Ren, Yan; Liu, Chao; Wang, Jianmei; Wang, Lei] Nankai Univ, TEDA Sch Biol Sci & Biotechnol, Tianjin Econ Technol Dev Area, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Feng, Yun; Feng, Lu; Shen, Junguo; Du, Peng; Wang, Lei] Tianjin Res Ctr Funct Genom & Biochip, Tianjin Econ Technol Dev Area, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Wang, Wei; Feng, Lu; Wang, Lei] Nankai Univ, Coll Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mol Microbiol & Technol, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Salzberg, Steven L.; Schatz, Michael; Nagarajan, Niranjan; Delcher, Arthur L.; Burroughs, A. Max; Mount, Stephen M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eustice, Moriah; Acob, Ricelle A.; Guan, Peizhu; Blas, Andrea; Singh, Ratnesh; Paidi, Maya; Presting, Gernot; Porter, Brad; Christopher, David A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Tang, Haibao; Wang, Xiyin; Bowers, John E.; Navajas-Perez, Rafael; Torres, Manuel J.; Feltus, F. Alex; Paterson, Andrew H.] Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lyons, Eric; Freeling, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Paull, Robert E.; Wai, Ching Man; Irikura, Beth] Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Michael, Todd P.] Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst Microbiol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Michael, Todd P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Wall, Kerr; dePamphilis, Claude W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rice, Danny W.; Palmer, Jeffrey D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Albert, Henrik; Suzuki, Jon Y.; Tripathi, Savarni; Moore, Paul H.; Gonsalves, Dennis] ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Shakirov, Eugene V.; Shippen, Dorothy E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Haas, Brian] Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Thimmapuram, Jyothi; Liu, Lei] Univ Illinois, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nelson, David] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mol Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Neupane, Kabi] Univ Hawaii, Leeward Community Coll, Pearl City, HI 96782 USA. [Wei, Hairong] Wicell Res Inst, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Jiang, Ning] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zhang, Wenli; Jiang, Jiming] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Windsor, Aaron; Mitchell-Olds, Thomas] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Luo, Ming-Cheng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mount, Stephen M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sugimura, Tak] Maui High Performance Comp Ctr, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Schuler, Mary A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Schuler, Mary A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Schuler, Mary A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Friedman, Vikki] Appl Biosyst Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. RP Alam, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Microbiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM wanglei@nankai.edu.cn; alam@hawaii.edu RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009; Bowers, John/B-9245-2009; Singh, Ratnesh/I-1392-2015; feng, lu/M-5113-2015; Singh, Ratnesh/A-9739-2011; Shakirov, Eugene/A-1363-2012; Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Wang, Lei/C-5176-2009; Navajas-Perez, Rafael/F-7122-2012; Jiang, Ning/G-6546-2012; Mitchell-Olds, Thomas/K-8121-2012; Saw, Jimmy/A-9972-2009; Palmer, Jeffrey/P-6747-2014; Salzberg, Steven/F-6162-2011; dePamphilis, Claude/P-6652-2016; Tang, Haibao/A-6715-2011; OI Singh, Ratnesh/0000-0001-5647-3390; Shakirov, Eugene/0000-0003-2689-7410; Navajas-Perez, Rafael/0000-0002-6147-3640; Mitchell-Olds, Thomas/0000-0003-3439-9921; Saw, Jimmy/0000-0001-8353-3854; Palmer, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4626-2220; Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432; Tang, Haibao/0000-0002-3460-8570; Mount, Steve/0000-0003-2748-8205; Michael, Todd/0000-0001-6272-2875; Senin, Pavel/0000-0001-5517-7768; Nelson, David/0000-0003-0583-5421; Schatz, Michael/0000-0002-4118-4446; Luo, Ming-Cheng/0000-0002-9744-5887 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM083873, R01 GM083873-05]; NLM NIH HHS [R01 LM006845, R01 LM006845-08] NR 51 TC 503 Z9 596 U1 21 U2 130 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 452 IS 7190 BP 991 EP U7 DI 10.1038/nature06856 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 291PF UT WOS:000255208600039 PM 18432245 ER PT J AU Luikart, G Pilgrim, K Visty, J Ezenwa, VO Schwartz, MK AF Luikart, Gordon Pilgrim, Kristy Visty, Judy Ezenwa, Vanessa O. Schwartz, Michael K. TI Candidate gene microsatellite variation is associated with parasitism in wild bighorn sheep SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE heterozygosity-fitness correlations; ecological genomics; genetic monitoring; host-parasite interaction; conservation management; Ovis canadensis ID GENOTYPING ERROR RATES; RESISTANCE; DISEASE; POPULATION; FECES; SEX AB The loss of genetic variation in host populations is thought to increase host susceptibility to parasites. However, few data exist to test this hypothesis in natural populations. Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations occasionally suffer disease-induced population declines, allowing us to test for the associations between reduced genetic variation and parasitism in this species. Here, we show that individual mean heterozygosity for 15 microsatellite loci is associated with lungworm abundance (Protostrongylus spp.) in a small, recently bottlenecked population of bighorn sheep (linear regression, r(2) =0.339, p=0.007). This association remains significant for seven microsatellites located in genes (p=0.010), but not for eight neutral microsatellites (p=0.306). Furthermore, heterozygotes at three of four microsatellites located within disease-related genes had lower lungworm burdens. This study corroborates theoretical findings that increased parasitism and disease may be a consequence of reduced heterozygosity in wild populations, and that certain individual loci influence parasite resistance. The results illustrate the usefulness of using genomic information, strong candidate genes and non-invasive sampling for monitoring both genetic variation and fitness-related traits, such as parasite resistance, in natural populations. C1 [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Porto, CIBIO, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. [Luikart, Gordon; Ezenwa, Vanessa O.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Pilgrim, Kristy; Schwartz, Michael K.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Visty, Judy] Rocky Mt NP, Natl Pk Serv, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA. RP Luikart, G (reprint author), Univ Porto, CIBIO, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. EM gordon.luikart@mso.umt.edu RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 NR 21 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 228 EP 231 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0633 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 279KD UT WOS:000254353200026 PM 18270161 ER PT J AU Parris, N Moreau, RA Johnston, DB Dickey, LC Aluko, RE AF Parris, Nicholas Moreau, Robert A. Johnston, David B. Dickey, Leland C. Aluko, Rotimi E. TI Angiotensin I converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides from commercial wet- and dry-milled corn germ SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE corn germ; commercial wet-milled; dry-milled; angiotensin I converting enzyme-inhibitory activity; bioactive peptides ID PROTEINS; DIGESTION; ZEIN AB Bioprocesses were developed to enhance the value of proteins from deoiled corn germ. Proteins were hydrolyzed with trypsin, thermolysin, GC 106, or Flavourzyme to generate the bioactive peptide sequences. At an enzyme to substrate ratio of 1:100, protein hydrolysis of wet-milled germ was greatest using thermolysin followed by trypsin, GC 106, and Flavourzyme. For the dry-milled corn germ, protein hydrolysis was greatest for GC 106 and least for Flavourzyme. Electrophoretic patterns indicated that the hydrolysis conditions used were adequate for generating low molecular weight peptides for both germs. Unhydrolyzed dry- and wet-milled corn germ did not appear to contain angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides. After hydrolysis with trypsin, thermolysin, and GC 106 but not Flavourzyme, ACE inhibition was observed. ACE inhibition was greatest for the GC 106 hydrolysate for both wet- and dry-milled corn germ. Denaturing the protein with urea before hydrolysis, in general, increased the amount of ACE-inhibitory peptides found in the hydrolysate. Membrane fractionations of both the wet- and dry-milled hydrolysates indicated that most of the ACE-inhibitory peptides were in the < 1 kDa fraction. Examination of the control total protein extracts (before treatment with proteases) from wet- and dry-milled germ revealed that neither had ACE-inhibitory properties. However, when both total corn germ control protein extracts were fractionated, the < 1 kDa fraction of wet-milled corn germ proteins exhibited ACE inhibition, whereas the comparable low molecular weight fraction from dry-milled corn germ did not. C1 [Parris, Nicholas; Moreau, Robert A.; Johnston, David B.; Dickey, Leland C.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Aluko, Rotimi E.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Human Nutr & Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Parris, N (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM nicholas.parris@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 2620 EP 2623 DI 10.1021/jf072238d PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 290EQ UT WOS:000255106500012 PM 18355022 ER PT J AU Liu, KS Hsieh, FH AF Liu, Keshun Hsieh, Fu-Hung TI Protein-protein interactions during high-moisture extrusion for fibrous meat analogues and comparison of protein solubility methods using different solvent systems SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE protein-protein interaction; protein solubility study; disulfide bonds; high moisture extrusion; soy protein ID SOYBEAN PROTEIN; FIBER FORMATION; TEXTURIZATION; SOYA AB Soy protein, mixed with gluten and starch, was extruded into fibrous meat analogues under high-moisture and high-temperature conditions. The protein solubility of samples collected at different extruder zones and extrudates made with different moistures was determined by 11 extraction solutions consisting of 6 selective reagents and their combinations: phosphate salts, urea, DTT, thiourea, Triton X-100, and CHAPS. Protein solubility by most extractants showed decreasing patterns as the material passed through the extruder, but the solution containing all 6 reagents, known as isoelectric focus (IEF) buffer, solubilized the highest levels and equal amounts of proteins in all samples, indicating that there are no other covalent bonds involved besides disulfide bonds. With regard to relative importance between disulfide bonds and non-covalent interactions, different conclusions could be made from protein solubility patterns, depending on the type of extracting systems and a baseline used for comparison. The observation points out pitfalls and limitation of current protein solubility methodology and explains why controversy exists in the literature. Using the IEF buffer system with omission of one or more selective reagents is considered to be the right methodology to conduct protein solubility study and thus recommended. Results obtained with this system indicate that disulfide bonding plays a more important role than non-covalent bonds in not only holding the rigid structure of extrudates but also forming fibrous texture. The sharpest decrease in protein solubility occurred when the mix passed through the intermediate section of the extruder barrel, indicating formation of new disulfide bonds during the stage of dramatic increase in both temperature and moisture. After this stage, although the physical form of the product might undergo change and fiber formation might occur as it passed through the cooling die, the chemical nature of the product did not change significantly. C1 [Liu, Keshun] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Hsieh, Fu-Hung] Univ Missouri, Dept Food Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM keshun.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 41 Z9 51 U1 8 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 2681 EP 2687 DI 10.1021/jf073343q PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 290EQ UT WOS:000255106500022 PM 18345633 ER PT J AU Beck, JJ Smith, L Merrill, GB AF Beck, John J. Smith, Lincoln Merrill, Glory B. TI In situ volatile collection, analysis, and comparison of three Centaurea species and their relationship to biocontrol with herbivorous insects SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Centaurea; Ceratapion; in situ volatile collection; plant damage; SPME ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; CERATAPION-BASICORNE COLEOPTERA; YELLOW STARTHISTLE; SOLSTITIALIS ASTERACEAE; COMPONENTS; APHID; APIONIDAE; KAIROMONE; PHEROMONE; SAFFLOWER AB Centaurea solstitialis, commonly known as yellow starthistle, is an invasive plant listed as a noxious weed in the western areas of North America and is the target of classical biological control, which involves release of herbivores known to be specific to this plant. These insects often choose their host plant on the basis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted. Accordingly, volatile analysis of host plants can provide insight into VOCs that may attract and/or repel the insect. To this end, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and a customized collection bag were utilized to perform in situ volatile collection on intact and mechanically damaged leaves of Centaurea solstitialis, Centaurea cyanus, and Centaurea cineraria. Volatile identification was performed by GC-MS, and the VOC differences were determined. The plants C. solstitialis and C. cyanus have been reported to attract the weevil, Ceratapion basicome, a candidate for biological control, whereas C. cineraria does not attract the weevil. Major VOCs unique to C. cineraria include the sesquiterpenes cyclosativene, alpha-ylangene, and trans-alpha-bergamotene. The compound trans-beta-farnesene was unique to C. solstitialis and C. cyanus. C1 [Beck, John J.; Merrill, Glory B.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Smith, Lincoln] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Beck, JJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jbeck@pw.usda.gov NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 2759 EP 2764 DI 10.1021/jf073383u PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 290EQ UT WOS:000255106500033 PM 18361493 ER PT J AU Bellaloui, N Zablotowicz, RM Reddy, KN Abel, CA AF Bellaloui, Nacer Zablotowicz, Robert M. Reddy, Krishna N. Abel, Craig A. TI Nitrogen metabolism and seed composition as influenced by glyphosate application in glyphosate-resistant soybean SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE transgenic crops; nitrogen assimilation; nitrate reductase; seed composition ID NITRATE REDUCTASE; GLYCINE-MAX; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; PLANTS; NUTRITION; FIXATION; GROWTH; YIELD; ASSIMILATION; PROTEIN AB Previous research has demonstrated that glyphosate can affect nitrogen fixation or nitrogen assimilation in soybean. This 2-year field study investigated the effects of glyphosate application of 1.12 and 3.36 kg of ae ha(-1) on nitrogen metabolism and seed composition in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean. There was no effect of glyphosate application on nitrogen fixation as measured by acetylene reduction assay, soybean yield, or seed nitrogen content. However, there were significant effects of glyphosate application on nitrogen assimilation, as measured by in vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in leaves, roots, and nodules, especially at high rate. Transiently lower leaf nitrogen or N-15 natural abundance in high glyphosate application soybean supports the inhibition of NRA. With the higher glyphosate application level protein was significantly higher (10.3%) in treated soybean compared to untreated soybean. Inversely, total oil and linolenic acid were lowest at the high glyphosate application rate, but oleic acid was greatest (22%) in treated soybean. These results suggest that nitrate assimilation in GR soybean was more affected than nitrogen fixation by glyphosate application and that glyphosate application may alter nitrogen and carbon metabolism. C1 [Bellaloui, Nacer] USDA, ARS, Crop Genet & Product Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Zablotowicz, Robert M.; Reddy, Krishna N.] USDA, ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Abel, Craig A.] USDA, ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bellaloui, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Product Res Unit, POB 345,141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM nacer.bellaloui@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 44 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 2765 EP 2772 DI 10.1021/jf703615m PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 290EQ UT WOS:000255106500034 PM 18363356 ER PT J AU Woodrow, JE Seiber, JN Miller, GC AF Woodrow, James E. Seiber, James N. Miller, Glenn C. TI Acrylamide release resulting from sunlight irradiation of aqueous polyacrylamide/iron mixtures SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polyacrylamide; PAM; acrylamide; iron; sunlight ID GENERATED HYDROXYL RADICALS; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; SURFACE WATERS; DEGRADATION; EDTA; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES; IRON; SOIL; ION AB Linear anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) has been used in irrigation practices as a flocculating agent to minimize water losses through seepage in earthen canals. The stability of PAM is of concern because of the possibility of acrylamide (AMD) monomer release during environmental weathering. Aqueous solutions of commercial PAM mixed with ferric sulfate, subjected to simulated and natural sunlight irradiation, showed polymer chain scission and release of the AMD monomer. At acid/neutral pH; the amount of AMD released was directly related to the concentration of ferric ion and the irradiation time. At alkaline pH (similar to 8), PAM/Fe3+ mixtures were stable under irradiation. PAM chain scission involved the hydroxyl radical, but specific AMD release appeared to require PAM-bound iron. Low iron concentrations and alkaline pH of irrigation water would limit AMD release. Residual monomer in PAM can contribute AMD to irrigation water, but concentrations would remain below the U.S. EPA drinking water standard of 0.5 ppb. C1 [Woodrow, James E.; Miller, Glenn C.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Seiber, James N.] USDA, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Woodrow, JE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jwoodrow@unr.nevada.edu NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 2773 EP 2779 DI 10.1021/jf703677v PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 290EQ UT WOS:000255106500035 PM 18351736 ER PT J AU Laparra, JM Tako, E Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Laparra, Jose Moises Tako, Elad Glahn, Raymond P. Miller, Dennis D. TI Inulin affects iron dialyzability from FeSO4 and FeEDTA solutions but does not alter Fe uptake by Caco-2 cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE prebiotic; inulin; iron bioavailability; iron uptake; ferritin; Caco-2 cells ID DIVALENT METAL TRANSPORTER-1; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; DIETARY-FIBERS; CULTURE MODEL; ASCORBIC-ACID; NONHEME-IRON; BIOAVAILABILITY; ABSORPTION; SYSTEM; FORTIFICATION AB The in vitro effects of inulin on the fluxes of Fe (F-Fe) and uptake by Caco-2 cells from FeSO4 and FeEDTA were evaluated. Cell ferritin formation was used as a measure of Fe uptake. Mitochondrial (MTT test) and lysosomal activities were monitored as biomarkers of the changes of cellular metabolism. Changes in mRNA expression of Fe transporters, DMT1 and Dcytb, were evaluated. Inulin decreased dialyzability and F-Fe from FeSO4 solution, suggesting a mineral binding effect, but increased those from FeEDTA. Cultures exposed to FeEDTA solutions exhibited higher ferritin values and MTT conversion percentages. Regardless of Fe source, cell Fe uptake and mRNA expression of Fe transporters were similar with or without inulin, suggesting that inulin did not impair Fe uptake. These observations might indicate a faster cellular Fe internalization from FeEDTA solutions. From a physiological perspective, the decreased F-Fe from FeSO4 might be reflected in a decreased Fe uptake. C1 [Laparra, Jose Moises; Tako, Elad; Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.] USDA, ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Laparra, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jml259@cornell.edu OI Laparra Llopis, Jose Moises/0000-0002-9378-2552 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 2846 EP 2851 DI 10.1021/jf073470m PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 290EQ UT WOS:000255106500045 PM 18370395 ER PT J AU Griffis, TJ Sargent, SD Baker, JM Lee, X Tanner, BD Greene, J Swiatek, E Billmark, K AF Griffis, T. J. Sargent, S. D. Baker, J. M. Lee, X. Tanner, B. D. Greene, J. Swiatek, E. Billmark, K. TI Direct measurement of biosphere-atmosphere isotopic CO2 exchange using the eddy covariance technique SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LASER ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; OPEN-PATH; TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; STABLE-ISOTOPE; SAMPLING TUBES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS ANALYZERS; ASPEN FOREST AB Quantifying isotopic CO2 exchange between the biosphere and atmosphere presents a significant measurement challenge, but has the potential to provide important constraints on local, regional, and global carbon cycling. Past approaches have indirectly estimated isotopic CO2 exchange using relaxed eddy accumulation, the flask-based isoflux method, and flux-gradient techniques. Eddy covariance (EC) is an attractive method because it has the fewest theoretical assumptions and the potential to give a direct measure of isotopic CO2 flux, but it requires a highly sensitive and relatively fast response instrument. To date, no such field measurements have been reported. Here we describe the use of a closed-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and eddy covariance (EC-TDL) system for isotopic (C(16)O2, (CO2)-C-13, (COO)-O-18-O-16) flux measurements. Results are presented from an intensive field experiment conducted over a soybean canopy from 18 July to 20 September 2006. This experiment represents a rigorous field test of the EC-TDL technique because the transport was dominated by relatively high frequency eddies. Net ecosystem CO2 exchange (FN) measured with the EC-TDL system showed strong correlation (r(2) = 0.99) in the half-hourly fluxes with an EC open-path infrared gas analyzer (EC-IRGA) over the 60-d period. Net CO2 flux measured with the EC-IRGA and EC-TDL systems agreed to within 9%. Flux loss associated with diminished frequency response beyond 1 Hz for the EC-TDL system was approximately 8% during daytime windy (> 4 m s(-1)) conditions. There was no significant evidence of a kinetic-type fractionation effect related to a phase shift among isotopologues due to tube attenuation. Investigation of isotopic spectral similarity in the flux ratio (delta(x)(N)) for both (CO2)-C-13 and (COO)-O-18-O-16 transport showed that delta(x)(N) was relatively independent of eddy scale for this ecosystem type. Flux loss, therefore, did not significantly bias delta(N)x. There was excellent agreement between isofluxes (F-delta(x)) measured using the flux-gradient and eddy covariance methods. Application of the EC-TDL technique over rougher surfaces or below canopy, where the flux-gradient approach is difficult to apply, appears promising for obtaining continuous long-term measurements of isotopic CO2 exchange. C1 [Griffis, T. J.; Baker, J. M.; Billmark, K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sargent, S. D.; Tanner, B. D.; Greene, J.; Swiatek, E.] Campbell Sci Inc, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Baker, J. M.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lee, X.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Griffis, TJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM tgriffis@umn.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 NR 52 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D8 AR D08304 DI 10.1029/2007JD009297 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295FC UT WOS:000255459400006 ER PT J AU Quinones, B Guilhabert, MR Miller, WG Mandrell, RE Lastovica, AJ Parker, CT AF Quinones, Beatriz Guilhabert, Magalie R. Miller, William G. Mandrell, Robert E. Lastovica, Albert J. Parker, Craig T. TI Comparative Genomic Analysis of Clinical Strains of Campylobacter jejuni from South Africa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis and is also associated with the post-infectious neuropathies, Guillain-Barre and Miller Fisher syndromes. In the Cape Town area of South Africa, C. jejuni strains with Penner heat-stable (HS) serotype HS: 41 have been observed to be overrepresented among cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome. The present study examined the genetic content of a collection of 32 South African C. jejuni strains with different serotypes, including 13 HS: 41 strains, that were recovered from patients with enteritis, Guillain-Barre or Miller Fisher syndromes. The sequence-based typing methods, multilocus sequence typing and DNA microarrays, were employed to potentially identify distinguishing features within the genomes of these C. jejuni strains with various disease outcomes. Methodology/ Principal Findings: Comparative genomic analyses demonstrated that the HS: 41 South African strains were clearly distinct from the other South African strains. Further DNA microarray analysis demonstrated that the HS: 41 strains from South African patients with the Guillain-Barre syndrome or enteritis were highly similar in gene content. Interestingly, the South African HS: 41 strains were distinct in gene content when compared to HS: 41 strains from other geographical locations due to the presence of genomic islands, referred to as Campylobacter jejuni integrated elements (CJIEs). Only the integrated element CJIE1, a Campylobacter Mu-like prophage, was present in the South African HS: 41 strains whereas this element was absent in two closely-related HS: 41 strains from Mexico. A more distantly-related HS: 41 strain from Canada possessed both integrated elements CJIE1 and CJIE2. Conclusion/Significance: These findings demonstrate that CJIEs may contribute to the differentiation of closely-related C. jejuni strains. In addition, the presence of bacteriophage-related genes in CJIE1 may contribute to the genomic diversity of C. jejuni strains. This comparative genomic analysis of C. jejuni provides fundamental information that potentially could lead to improved methods for analyzing the epidemiology of disease outbreaks. C1 [Quinones, Beatriz; Miller, William G.; Mandrell, Robert E.; Parker, Craig T.] ARS, USDA, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. [Guilhabert, Magalie R.] AgraQuest Inc, Davis, CA USA. [Lastovica, Albert J.] Univ Western Cape, Dept Biotechnol, Bellville, South Africa. RP Quinones, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. EM bquinones@pw.usda.gov; parker@pw.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-045]; South African Medical Research Council FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS project number 5325-42000-045 and the South African Medical Research Council. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 AR e2015 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002015 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 381TL UT WOS:000261558700031 PM 18431496 ER PT J AU Fisher, JO Kral, TVE AF Fisher, Jennifer O. Kral, Tanja V. E. TI Super-size me: Portion size effects on young children's eating SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Influences on Eating and Body Weight over the Lifespan - Childhood and Adolescence CY 2007 CL W Lafayette, IN SP Purdue Ingest Behav Res Ctr DE children; portion size; environment; eating; overweight ID AFFECTS ENERGY-INTAKE; FREE-LIVING HUMANS; FOOD-INTAKE; SELF-REGULATION; UNITED-STATES; CALORIC COMPENSATION; CONSUMPTION VOLUME; OBESITY EPIDEMIC; NORMAL-WEIGHT; US CHILDREN AB Large portions of energy-dense foods are believed to favor obesity-promoting eating behaviors in young children. The following review presents evidence on food portion size effects on children's eating behavior and eating regulation, with comparison of findings to adult studies of portion size. Individual differences in children's susceptibility to portion size, particularly associations with weight status, are addressed. Finally, potential mechanisms of effects and strategies to offset the intake promoting effects of portion size are considered. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fisher, Jennifer O.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr JOF, Houston, TX USA. [Kral, Tanja V. E.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, TVEK, Ctr Weight & Eating Disorders, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Fisher, JO (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr JOF, 1100 Bates St,Suite 4004, Houston, TX USA. EM jfisher@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK071095] NR 70 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD APR 22 PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.015 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 305FR UT WOS:000256163700005 PM 18155736 ER PT J AU Shim, SH Sy, AA Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Shim, Sang Hee Sy, Arlene A. Gloer, James B. Wicklow, Donald T. TI Isolation of an isocoumarin and an isobenzofuran derivatives from a fungicolous isolate of Acremonium crotocinigenum SO BULLETIN OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fungus; Acremonium crotocinigenum; natural product; isolation; structure determination ID PENICILLIUM-THIERSII; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; METABOLITES; ANALOGS; ACID C1 [Shim, Sang Hee] Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. [Sy, Arlene A.; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wicklow, Donald T.] ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shim, SH (reprint author), Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. EM shshim29@ynu.ac.kr NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU KOREAN CHEMICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0253-2964 J9 B KOREAN CHEM SOC JI Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 863 EP 865 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 302WM UT WOS:000256000700031 ER PT J AU Wisdom, MJ Bate, LJ AF Wisdom, Michael J. Bate, Lisa J. TI Snag density varies with intensity of timber harvest and human access SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE access; forest management; roads; snags; snag density; timber harvest; wildlife ID NORTHERN ARIZONA; FORESTS; TERRESTRIAL; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Many species of vertebrates depend on snags (standing dead trees) for persistence, and limited research suggests that snag density is lower in areas of intensive timber harvest and increased human access. While intensive timber harvest is one source of potential snag loss, ease of human access to forest stands may also facilitate loss via firewood cutting of snags. Accordingly, we hypothesized that density of snags (number of snags/ ha) would decline in forest stands with increasing intensity of timber harvest and increasing ease of human access. We tested our hypothesis by sampling stands under varying levels of timber harvest and access on National Forest land in the northwestern United States. Stands with no history of timber harvest had 3 times the density of snags as stands selectively harvested, and 19 times the density as stands having undergone complete harvest. Stands not adjacent to roads had almost 3 times the density of snags as stands adjacent to roads. Unharvested stands adjacent to non-federal lands and closer to towns had lower snag density, as did stands with flat terrain in relation to nearest road. Our findings demonstrate that timber harvest and human access can have substantial effects on snag density. Meeting snag objectives for wildlife will require careful planning and effective mitigations as part of management of timber harvest and human access. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wisdom, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM mwisdom@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2085 EP 2093 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.027 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900007 ER PT J AU Fan, ZF Kabrick, JM Spetich, MA Shifley, SR Jensen, RG AF Fan, Zhaofei Kabrick, John M. Spetich, Martin A. Shifley, Stephen R. Jensen, Randy G. TI Oak mortality associated with crown dieback and oak borer attack in the Ozark Highlands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE oak decline; mortality; oak borer; logistic regression ID FORESTS; DECLINE AB Oak decline and related mortality have periodically plagued upland oak-hickory forests, particularly oak species in the red oak group, across the Ozark Highlands of Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma since the late 1970s. Advanced tree age and periodic drought, as well as Armillaria root fungi and oak borer attack are believed to contribute to oak decline and mortality. Declining trees first show foliage wilt and browning, followed by progressive branch dieback in the middle and/or upper crown. Many trees eventually die if severe crown dieback continues. In 2002, more than 4000 living oak trees >= 11 cm dbh in the relatively undisturbed mature oak forests of the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) were randomly selected and inventoried for tree species, dbh, crown class, crown width, crown dieback condition (healthy: <5% crown dieback, slight: >5-33%, moderate: 33-66%, and severe: >66%) and number of emergence holes created by oak borers on the lower 2.4 m of the tree bole. The same trees were remeasured in 2006 to determine their status (live or dead). In 2002, about 10% of the red oak trees showed moderate or severe crown dieback; this was twice the percentage observed for white oak species. Over 70% of trees in the red oak group had evidence of oak borer damage compared to 35% of trees in the white oak group. There was significant positive correlation between crown dieback and the number of borer emergence holes (p < 0.01). Logistic regression showed oak mortality was mainly related to crown width and dieback, and failed to detect any significant link with the number of oak borer emergence holes. Declining red oak group trees had higher mortality Q or 4 times) than white oaks. The odds ratios of mortality of slightly, moderately, and severely declining trees versus healthy trees were, respectively, 2.0, 6.5, and 29.7 for black oak; 1.8, 3.8, and 8.3 for scarlet oak; and 2.6, 6.5 and 7.1 for white oaks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kabrick, John M.; Shifley, Stephen R.] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Fan, Zhaofei] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Spetich, Martin A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR USA. [Jensen, Randy G.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Ellington, MO 63638 USA. RP Kabrick, JM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 202 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM zfan@cfr.msstate.edu; jkabrick@fs.fed.us; mspetich@fs.fed.us; sshifley@fs.fed.us; Randy.Jensen@mdc.mo.gov NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2297 EP 2305 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.041 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900027 ER PT J AU Moseley, KR Owens, AK Castleberry, SB Ford, WM Kilgo, JC Mccay, TS AF Moseley, Kurtis R. Owens, Audrey K. Castleberry, Steven B. Ford, W. Mark Kilgo, John C. McCay, Timothy S. TI Soricid response to coarse woody debris manipulations in Coastal Plain loblolly pine forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Blarina; coarse woody debris; Cryptotis; pine management; short-rotation forestry; shrews; Sorex; soricids ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; SOREX-CINEREUS; LONGLEAF PINE; SHREWS; ABUNDANCE; DIET; POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITATS; DYNAMICS AB We assessed shrew (soricids) response to coarse woody debris (CWD) manipulations in managed upland loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina over multiple years and seasons. Using a completely randomized block design, we assigned one of the following treatments to 12,9.3-ha plots: removal (n = 3; all CWD >= 10 cm in diameter and >= 60 cm long removed), downed (n = 3; 5-fold increase in volume of down CWD), snag (n = 3; 12-fold increase in standing dead CWD), and control (n = 3; unmanipulated). Therein, we sampled shrews during winter, spring, and summer seasons, 2003-2005, using drift-fence pitfall arrays. During 1680 drift-fence plot nights we captured 253 Blarina carolinensis, 154 Sorex longirostris, and 51 Cryptotis parva. Blarina carolinensis capture rate was greater in control than in snag treatments. Sorex longirostris capture rate was lower in removal than downed and control plots in 2005 whereas C. parva capture rate did not differ among treatments. Overall, the CWD input treatments failed to elicit the positive soricid response we had expected. Lack of a positive response by soricid populations to our downed treatments may be attributable to the early CWD decay stage within these plots or an indication that within fire-adapted pine-dominated systems of the Southeast, reliance on CWD is less than in other forest types. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moseley, Kurtis R.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Owens, Audrey K.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Castleberry, Steven B.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Kilgo, John C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. [McCay, Timothy S.] Colgate Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. RP Moseley, KR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM kmoseley@mix.wvu.edu NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2306 EP 2311 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.043 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900028 ER PT J AU Jules, MJ Sawyer, JO Jules, ES AF Jules, Maureen J. Sawyer, John O. Jules, Erik S. TI Assessing the relationships between stand development and understory vegetation using a 420-year chronosequence SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE canopy closure; chronosequence; old-growth forest; species richness; timber harvest; understory herbs ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; WESTERN OLYMPIC PENINSULA; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; OLD-GROWTH; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; VASCULAR PLANTS; HERBACEOUS UNDERSTORIES; STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; DISPERSAL LIMITATION AB The large-scale conversion of old forests to tree plantations has made it increasingly important to understand how understory vegetation responds to such landscape changes. For instance, in some forest types a reduction in understory richness and cover is thought to result from the development of canopy closure in plantations, although there is a paucity of empirical data demonstrating this relationship. We used a 420-year forest chronosequence as a case study to assess the relationship between stand age, tree canopy cover and understory vascular plant richness and composition in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon. The chronosequence consisted of six young managed (age 7-44) and nine older unmanaged (age 90-427) stands. All stands were similar in underlying geology, slope, elevation, and aspect. We found a non-linear relationship between stand age and richness, in which richness was highest in the youngest stands, reached a low in mid-aged stands (similar to 55 years), then increased in the oldest stands. We also found that percent tree canopy cover was correlated with total understory cover, richness, diversity, and species composition. In general, young stands were characterized by high shrub and graminoid cover and old stands were characterized by an abundant herb layer. Our work suggests that a major component of our study landscape is currently entering the forest stage (canopy closure) characterized by low levels of vascular plant species richness and cover. We use our results to discuss the potential effects of future forest management on understory plants. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jules, Maureen J.; Sawyer, John O.; Jules, Erik S.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Jules, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Illinois Valley Ranger District,26568 Redwood Hwy, Cave Junction, OR 97523 USA. EM mjules@fs.fed.us NR 75 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2384 EP 2393 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.042 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900035 ER PT J AU Heckmann, KE Manley, PN Schlesinger, MD AF Heckmann, K. E. Manley, P. N. Schlesinger, M. D. TI Ecological integrity of remnant montane forests along an urban gradient in the Sierra Nevada SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE exotic plant species; Lake Tahoe; montane forest structure; Sierra Nevada; snags and logs; urban gradient ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; PLANT DIVERSITY; PROTECTED AREAS; HUMAN IMPACT; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; EXURBAN DEVELOPMENT; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AB Urban development typically has extensive and intensive effects on native ecosystems, including vegetation communities and their associated biota. Increasingly, urban planning strives to retain elements of native ecosystems to meet multiple social and ecological objectives. The ecological integrity of native forests in an urbanizing landscape is challenged by a myriad of impacts, such as forest management and invasive species. Environmental protection efforts in the Lake Tahoe basin, spanning the California/Nevada border in the Sierra Nevada mountains, over the past half century have resulted in the retention of thousands of parcels of remnant native forest located throughout the urbanizing landscape. The basin landscape provides an opportunity to evaluate the effects of land development on the composition and structure of remnant native forests along a gradient of urbanization. We sampled 118 sites located in remnant forests in the lower montane zone surrounded by 0-70% development. We also sampled forest structure in the landscape surrounding 75 of these sites to evaluate the contribution of remnant forests to the retention of native forest elements in the larger landscape. We characterized plant species composition and cover, vertical structure, and the density of trees, snags, and logs, as well as levels of ground disturbance and human activity. We found that remnant native forests retained much of their compositional and structural character along the development gradient, including large tree density, total canopy cover, and plant species richness. Notable exceptions were reductions in the density and decay stage of snags and logs, and the density of understory trees. We also observed increases in the richness and cover of herb and grass species and increases in the number of exotic plant species. In contrast, structural complexity was reduced in the landscape surrounding forest remnants in all measures except large tree density. We conclude that remnant native forests contribute significantly to maintaining native species in an urbanizing landscape, and that land conservation practices have an important role to play in protecting native forest ecosystems. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Heckmann, K. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Manley, P. N.; Schlesinger, M. D.] USFS Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Schlesinger, M. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schlesinger, M. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Heckmann, KE (reprint author), POB 17752, Boulder, CO USA. EM kirstenheckmann@yahoo.com NR 118 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2453 EP 2466 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.005 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900041 ER PT J AU Hatten, JA Zabowski, D Ogden, A Thies, W AF Hatten, J. A. Zabowski, D. Ogden, A. Thies, W. TI Soil organic matter in a ponderosa pine forest with varying seasons and intervals of prescribed burn SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest soil; Pinus ponderosa; prescribed burning; carbon; nitrogen; humic acid; fulvic acid; humin; Blue Mountains ID FIRE-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION; CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY; BLACK CARBON; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; EASTERN OREGON; VOLCANIC ASH; SHORT-TERM; WILDFIRE; CHARCOAL; C-13 AB Prescribed burning is used to reduce fuel loads and return ponderosa pine forests of the Western U.S. to their historical structure and function. The impact of prescribed burning on soil is dependent on fire severity which is largely managed by burning in the fall or the spring; frequency of fire will also regulate long-term fire impacts. The objective of this study was to determine if soils and soil organic matter (SOM) were affected by prescribed burning in the fall or the spring using singular or multiple prescribed bums. Prescribed burning was initiated in the spring of 1997 and fall of 1997 at 5-year intervals and once during a 15-year period on a study site located within the Malheur National Forest of the southern Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon. Soils were sampled by major genetic horizon in 2004. The 5-year interval plots had burned twice with 1-2 years of recovery while the 15-year interval plots had burned only once with 6-7 years of recovery. Samples were analyzed for pH, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, water repellency, and humic substance composition by alkali extraction. Fall burning decreased C and N capital of the soil (O horizon +30 cm depth mineral soil) by 22-25%. Prescribed burning did not have an effect on fulvic or humic acid C concentration (FA and HA, respectively) of the mineral soil and only a minor effect on FA and HA concentration of the O horizon. One or two fall burns decreased humin and the alkali non-soluble C (NS) content of 0 horizon by 15 and 30%, respectively. Initiating fall burning in fire-suppressed stands may not preserve soil C, N, humin, and NS content, but may replicate the natural fire regime. Spring burning using a return interval of 5 or more years reduces the fuel load while having little impact on soil C, N, and SOM composition and may be used to prepare a site for subsequent fall bums. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hatten, J. A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zabowski, D.; Ogden, A.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thies, W.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hatten, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jhatten@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Hatten, Jeffery/B-8738-2008; Hatten, Jeff/E-7742-2010 OI Hatten, Jeff/0000-0002-1685-6351 NR 59 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2555 EP 2565 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.016 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900051 ER PT J AU Ganley, RJ Sniezko, RA Newcombe, G AF Ganley, Rebecca J. Sniezko, Richard A. Newcombe, George TI Endophyte-mediated resistance against white pine blister rust in Pinus monticola SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus monticola; Cronartium ribicola; white pine blister rust; fungal endophytes; endophyte-mediated resistance; induced resistance ID SYSTEMIC INDUCED RESISTANCE; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; GENE; DISEASE; MECHANISMS; INDUCTION; STABILITY; PATHOGENS; COMMUNITY; BACTERIA AB Induced resistance responses, including fungal endophyte-mediated resistance, have been well studied in both agricultural crops and grass systems. Yet, the effect of these processes and symbionts in forest trees is poorly known. Fungal endophytes have been found in all conifer forest systems examined to date and have been hypothesised to be involved in resistance-mediated responses. However, in the absence of functional studies the influence of these endophytes on the extended phenotype of the host plant is unclear. In this study we demonstrate that fungal endophytes from Pinus monticola were effective at increasing survival in host plants against the exotic pathogen Cronartium ribicola, which is responsible for the devastating disease called white pine blister rust. Seedlings previously inoculated with fungal endophytes lived longer than endophyte-free seedlings and also showed some reduction in white pine blister rust disease severity. This endophyte-mediated resistance was found to be effective over time, indicating persistence, and is hypothesised to be a form of induced resistance. Overall, this suggests fungal endophytes may play a determinative role in the structure of biological communities and could provide a useful alternative or ancillary management tool for combating pests and diseases. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ganley, Rebecca J.] Scion, New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Rotorua, New Zealand. [Sniezko, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. [Newcombe, George] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Ganley, RJ (reprint author), Scion, New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, 49 Sala St,Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand. EM Rebecca.Ganley@scionresearch.com RI Ganley, Rebecca/J-7291-2013 NR 36 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2751 EP 2760 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.052 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900071 ER PT J AU Roberts, SD Harrington, CA AF Roberts, Scott D. Harrington, Constance A. TI Individual tree growth response to variable-density thinning in coastal Pacific Northwest forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE variable-density thinning; basal area growth; competition indices; canopy gaps; skid trails; edge effects ID DEPENDENT COMPETITION MEASURES; STAND-DENSITY; DOUGLAS-FIR; PREDICTING GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; EXAMPLE; INDEX; MODEL AB We examined 5-year basal area growth of nearly 2600 trees in stem-mapped plots at five locations differing in site characteristics, species composition, and management history on the Olympic Peninsula in Western Washington, USA. Our objectives were to determine if internal edges, the boundaries within the stand between components of the variable-density thinning, influenced individual tree growth, and whether incorporation of individual tree local competition indices in growth prediction models could account for treatment and edge effects. Treatment significantly affected tree growth at all sites, with trees in the thinned matrix displaying on average over 25% greater basal area growth than trees in unthinned patches. Proximity to canopy gaps created as part of the variable-density thinning increased basal area growth of trees in the thinned matrix by nearly 11%. In addition, growth of trees close to skid trails was 11% greater than trees located away from the trails. Past thinning history, and its effect on initial stocking rate, appeared to affect the magnitude of the edge effects. Blocks that had received earlier commercial thinnings, and thus had lower stocking at the onset of the study, displayed lower growth responses than previously unthinned blocks. Including local competition indices in the models generally reduced growth prediction error; however, the indices examined did not fully account for treatment or edge effects. Our results suggest that not accounting for internal edges in spatially complex stands could result in errors in projected growth of trees, although these edge effects are highly variable. Failure to account for the effects of internal edges could affect not just estimates of future stand yield, but also projections of future stand structure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Roberts, Scott D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Harrington, Constance A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Roberts, SD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Box 9681,MS 39762-9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM sroberts@cfr.msstate.edu; charrington@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2771 EP 2781 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.043 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900073 ER PT J AU Dimov, LD Chambers, JL Lockhalt, BR AF Dimov, Luben D. Chambers, Jim L. Lockhalt, Brian Roy TI Five-year radial growth of red oaks in mixed bottomland hardwood stands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE red oak growth; inter- and intra-genus competition; mixed bottomland hardwoods ID DEPENDENT COMPETITION MEASURES; BASAL AREA GROWTH; TREE GROWTH; INDIVIDUAL TREES; NEW-ENGLAND; PREDICTING GROWTH; INDEXES; MODELS; INCREMENT; HEIGHT AB We studied the relationships among 5-year radial (diameter and basal area) growth of red oak (genus Quercus, subgenus Erythrobalanus) crop trees and predictor variables representing individual tree vigor, distance-dependant competition measures, and distance-independent competition measures. The red oaks we examined are representative of the commercially and ecologically important oak species of the bottomland hardwood forests of the southeastern US. The crown class score, a quantitative measure of crown class and tree vigor, performed best in accounting for the variability in tree diameter growth. Plot-level variables failed to account for a significant proportion of the variability in tree radial growth. The basal area of the first-order neighbors that were taller than the crop trees and located within 2.4 times the mean overstory crown radius had the highest negative correlation with crop tree 5-year radial growth. Red oaks were a major part of these competitors and likely exerted the greatest competitive pressure. However, crop tree radial growth was positively associated with the basal area of the red oaks which were indirect (second order) neighbors and which were taller than the crop trees. It is possible that indirect neighbors do not compete with the crop trees, but they likely compete with the direct competitors of the crop trees, thus having an indirect positive influence on crop tree growth. Such reasoning is consistent with previously observed spatial dependence up to four times the mean overstory crown radius. The findings may have implications for thinning hardwoods stands and crop tree management in that foresters need to take into account (1) oak intra-genus competition, (2) the negative competitive effect of direct neighbors, and (3) the potentially positive effect of the indirect neighbors, the competitors' competitors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dimov, Luben D.; Chambers, Jim L.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lockhalt, Brian Roy] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Dimov, LD (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Forestry Ecol & Wildlife, POB 1927, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM Luben.Dimov@aamu.edu; jchamb@lsu.edu; blockhart@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2790 EP 2800 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.070 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900075 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH Waldrop, TA AF Greenberg, Cathryn H. Waldrop, Thomas A. TI Short-term response of reptiles and amphibians to prescribed fire and mechanical fuel reduction in a southern Appalachian upland hardwood forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amphibians; burn; fire surrogate; fuel reduction; prescribed fire; reptiles; southern; Appalachians ID SMALL MAMMALS; DISTURBANCE; HERPETOFAUNA; SALAMANDERS; COMMUNITY; BIOMASS; DENSITY AB We compared the effects of three fuel reduction techniques and a control on the relative abundance and richness of reptiles and amphibians using drift fence arrays with pitfall and funnel traps. Three replicate blocks were established at the Green River Game Land, Polk County, North Carolina. Each replicate block contained four experimental units that were each approximately 14 ha in size. Treatments were prescribed burn (B); mechanical understory reduction (M); mechanical + burn (MB); and controls (C). Mechanical treatments were conducted in winter 2001-2002, and prescribed bums in March 2003. Hot fires in MB killed about 25% of the trees, increasing canopy openness relative to controls. Leaf litter depth was reduced in B and MB after burning, but increased in M due to the addition of dead leaves during understory felling. The pre-treatment trapping period was short (15 August-10 October 2001) but established a baseline for post-treatment comparison. Post-treatment (2002-2004), traps were open nearly continuously May-September. We captured a total of 1308 species of 13 amphibians, and 335 reptiles of 13 species. The relative abundance of total salamanders, common salamander species, and total amphibians was not changed by the fuel reduction treatments. Total frogs and toads (anurans) and Bufo americanus were most abundant in B and MB; however, the proximity of breeding sites likely affected our results. Total reptile abundance and Sceloporus undulatus abundance were highest in MB after burning, but differed significantly only from B. Mean lizard abundance in MB was highest in 2004 and higher than in other treatments, but differences were not statistically significant. Our results indicate that a single application of the fuel reduction methods studied will not negatively affect amphibian or reptile abundance or diversity in southern Appalachian upland hardwood forest. Our study further suggests that high-intensity burning with heavy tree-kill, as in MB, can be used as a management toot to increase reptile abundance - particularly lizards - with no negative impact on amphibians, at least in the short-term. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Greenberg, Cathryn H.] Bent Creek Expt Forest, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. [Waldrop, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), Bent Creek Expt Forest, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2883 EP 2893 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.064 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900085 ER PT J AU Hessburg, PF Povak, NA Salter, RB AF Hessburg, Paul F. Povak, Nicholas A. Salter, R. Brion TI Thinning and prescribed fire effects on dwarf mistletoe severity in an eastern Cascade Range dry forest, Washington SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dwarf mistletoe; dry forest; prescribed burning; thinning; fire and fire surrogate ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; DOUGLAS-FIR; STANDS; NORTHWEST; GROWTH AB Forest thinning and prescribed fire practices are widely used, either separately or in combination, to address tree stocking, species composition, and wildland fire concerns in western US mixed conifer forests. We examined the effects of these fuel treatments alone and combined on dwarf mistletoe infection severity immediately after treatment and for the following 100 years. Thinning, burning, thin + burn, and control treatments were applied to 10 ha units; each treatment was replicated three times. Dwarf mistletoe was found in ponderosa pine and/or Douglas-fir in all units prior to treatment. Stand infection severity was low to moderate, and severely infected trees were the largest in the overstory. Thinning produced the greatest reductions in tree stocking and mistletoe severity. Burning reduced stocking somewhat less because spring bums were relatively cool with spotty fuel consumption and mortality. Burning effects on vegetation were enhanced when combined with thinning; thin + burn treatments also reduced mistletoe severity in all size classes. Stand growth simulations using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) showed a trend of reduced mistletoe spread and intensification over time for all active treatments. When thinned and unthinned treatments were compared, thinning reduced infected basal area and treatment effects were obvious, beginning in the second decade. The same was true with burned and unburned treatments. Treatment effects on infected tree density were similar to infected basal area; however, treatment effects diminished after 20 years, suggesting a re-treatment interval for dwarf mistletoe. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hessburg, Paul F.; Povak, Nicholas A.; Salter, R. Brion] USDA ARS, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Hessburg, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM phessburg@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2907 EP 2915 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.066 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900087 ER PT J AU Iverson, LR Hutchinson, TF Prasad, AM Peters, MP AF Iverson, Louis R. Hutchinson, Todd F. Prasad, Anantha M. Peters, Matthew P. TI Thinning, fire, and oak regeneration across a heterogeneous landscape in the eastern US: 7-year results SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY OCT, 2006 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Amer Foresters, C1 Forest Ecol Working Grp, D2 Silviculture Working Grp DE oak regeneration; central hardwoods region; thinning; prescribed fire; topography; Ohio; oak (Quercus); hickory (Carya); maple (Acer); yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera); integrated moisture index ID MESIC FOREST OPENINGS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; HARDWOOD REGENERATION; PRESCRIBED FIRES; PATTERNS; OHIO; MICROCLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; TOPOGRAPHY; COMMUNITY AB We document an increase in oak and hickory advance regeneration, depending on landscape position, in the sixth year following mechanical thinning and repeated prescribed fires in southern Ohio, USA. Oak-dominated communities provide a multitude of human and natural resource values throughout the eastern United States, but their long-term sustainability is threatened throughout the region by poor regeneration. This study was established to assess regeneration following midstory thinning (late 2000) and prescribed fire application (2001 and 2005) at two sites in southern Ohio. Each of the four 20+ ha treatment units (two thin and burn, two untreated controls) were modeled for long-term moisture regime using the integrated moisture index (IMI), and a 50 m grid of sampling points was established throughout the units. Vegetation and canopy openness were sampled at each gridpoint before and after treatments, in 2000, 2001, 2004, and 2006. The thin and burn treatment generally resulted in more advance regeneration (> 50 cm height) of oak and hickory. The second fires in 2005 created additional landscape heterogeneity by causing variable tree mortality, and thus canopy openness, across the IMI gradient. The drier landscape positions generally had more intense fires, more canopy openness, and more oak and hickory advance regeneration; several other tree species also exhibited marked landscape variation in regeneration after treatments. Though advance regeneration of several competing species became abundant after the initial treatments, the second fires reduced the high densities of the two major competitors, Acer rubrum and Liriodendron tulipifera. Two simple models were developed: (1) a model of oak "competitiveness" based on the plot data related to advance regeneration of oaks and competitors and (2) a model estimating the probability of a plot becoming 'competitive for oak' based on canopy openness, IMI class, and number of oak and hickory seedlings present. For dry or intermediate sites with at least 5000 oak and hickory seedlings/ha, opening the canopy to 8.5-19% followed by at least two fires should promote oak and hickory to be 'competitive' over about 50% of the area. However, no appreciable oak and hickory regeneration developed on mesic sites. Overall, these results suggest promise for partial harvesting and repeated fires as a management strategy to reverse the accelerating loss of oak dominance in the central hardwoods region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Iverson, Louis R.; Hutchinson, Todd F.; Prasad, Anantha M.; Peters, Matthew P.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Iverson, LR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM liverson@fs.fed.us RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 54 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 3035 EP 3050 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.088 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900101 ER PT J AU Kabrick, JM Zenner, EK Dey, DC Gwaze, D Jensen, RG AF Kabrick, John M. Zenner, Eric K. Dey, Daniel C. Gwaze, David Jensen, Randy G. TI Using ecological land types to examine landscape-scale oak regeneration dynamics SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY OCT, 2006 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Amer Foresters, C1 Forest Ecol Working Grp, D2 Silviculture Working Grp DE oak reggeneration; silviculture; landscape-scales; ecological land type; Ozark highlands ID MISSOURI OZARK FORESTS; PRESCRIBED FIRES; CLASSIFICATION; SILVICULTURE; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; STANDS; USA AB The long-standing interest in regenerating oaks stimulated the development of a number of research studies during the past several decades. Most studies have focused on addressing oak regeneration problems and many of these suggested that oak regeneration failures occur where site conditions favor the establishment and growth of competing species that capture the growing space following crown release. Because ecosystem classification regimes incorporate information about site conditions including many of the biophysical factors that largely govern site quality, some forest scientists have proposed that they be used for predicting oak regeneration dynamics. We used a large data set from a replicated landscape-scale experiment comprising nine, 400-ha forest management compartments to systematically examine oak regeneration dynamics following the application of a range of regeneration methods (cleat-cutting, group and single-tree selection) across differing ecological land types. We found that species of the red oak group appeared to be regenerating successfully only in stands harvested with clearcutting and that regeneration success was greatest in clearcut stands located on ecological land types of lower site quality where the density of competitors was relatively low. In contrast, species of the white oak group were regenerated with clearcutting and with the combination of group and single-tree selection but their regeneration response did not appear to be related to ecological land type. We conclude that an ecological classification framework is valuable for partitioning the landscape into finer-scale land units each having a similar propensity to (1) accumulate red oak reproduction in advance of harvesting and (2) respond to various regeneration methods each in a uniform manner. This framework was less important for examining species in the white oak group, which had similar regeneration dynamics across land types. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kabrick, John M.; Dey, Daniel C.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Zenner, Eric K.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gwaze, David] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Jensen, Randy G.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Ellington, MO 63638 USA. RP Kabrick, JM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jkabrick@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 3051 EP 3062 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.068 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900102 ER PT J AU Dupont, FM AF Dupont, Frances M. TI Metabolic pathways of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm amyloplast revealed by proteomics SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAIN PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HIGHER-PLANTS; STARCH SYNTHESIS; WINTER-WHEAT; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; TRANSPORT PATHWAY; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; MAIZE ENDOSPERM; SPRING WHEAT AB Background: By definition, amyloplasts are plastids specialized for starch production. However, a proteomic study of amyloplasts isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum Butte 86) endosperm at 10 days after anthesis (DPA) detected enzymes from many other metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. To better understand the role of amyloplasts in food production, the data from that study were evaluated in detail and an amyloplast metabolic map was outlined. Results: Analysis of 288 proteins detected in an amyloplast preparation predicted that 178 were amyloplast proteins. Criteria included homology with known plastid proteins, prediction of a plastid transit peptide for the wheat gene product or a close homolog, known plastid location of the pathway, and predicted plastid location for other members of the same pathway. Of these, 135 enzymes were arranged into 18 pathways for carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, nucleic acid and other biosynthetic processes that are critical for grain-fill. Functions of the other proteins are also discussed. Conclusion: The pathways outlined in this paper suggest that amyloplasts play a central role in endosperm metabolism. The interacting effects of genetics and environment on starch and protein production may be mediated in part by regulatory mechanisms within this organelle. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dupont, FM (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM frances.dupont@ars.usda.gov NR 92 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD APR 17 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 39 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-8-39 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 306AS UT WOS:000256219800002 PM 18419817 ER PT J AU Kristensen, JB Thygesen, LG Felby, C Jorgensen, H Elder, T AF Kristensen, Jan B. Thygesen, Lisbeth G. Felby, Claus Jorgensen, Henning Elder, Thomas TI Cell-wall structural changes in wheat straw pretreated for bioethanol production SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; CORN STOVER; DIRECT VISUALIZATION; HOT-WATER; ETHANOL; BIOMASS; LIGNOCELLULOSE; CELLULOSE AB Background: Pretreatment is an essential step in the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass and subsequent production of bioethanol. Recent results indicate that only a mild pretreatment is necessary in an industrial, economically feasible system. The Integrated Biomass Utilisation System hydrothermal pretreatment process has previously been shown to be effective in preparing wheat straw for these processes without the application of additional chemicals. In the current work, the effect of the pretreatment on the straw cell-wall matrix and its components are characterised microscopically ( atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and spectroscopically ( attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) in order to understand this increase in digestibility. Results: The hydrothermal pretreatment does not degrade the fibrillar structure of cellulose but causes profound lignin re-localisation. Results from the current work indicate that wax has been removed and hemicellulose has been partially removed. Similar changes were found in wheat straw pretreated by steam explosion. Conclusion: Results indicate that hydrothermal pretreatment increases the digestibility by increasing the accessibility of the cellulose through a re-localisation of lignin and a partial removal of hemicellulose, rather than by disruption of the cell wall. C1 [Kristensen, Jan B.; Thygesen, Lisbeth G.; Felby, Claus; Jorgensen, Henning] Univ Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Elder, Thomas] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Kristensen, JB (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. EM jbk@life.ku.dk; lgt@life.ku.dk; cf@life.ku.dk; hnj@life.ku.dk; telder@fs.fed.us RI Jorgensen, Henning/E-1728-2011; OI Jorgensen, Henning/0000-0003-1220-6893; Thygesen, Lisbeth Garbrecht/0000-0001-9685-7460; Felby, Claus/0000-0002-6537-0155 FU Danish Research Agency [2104-05-0008] FX M Galbe and C Roslander at Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden, are gratefully acknowledged for performing the steam explosion of wheat straw. DONG Energy, Denmark, is gratefully acknowledged for the hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw. The project is financially supported by the Danish Research Agency contract 2104-05-0008. NR 41 TC 174 Z9 180 U1 5 U2 96 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-6834 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS JI Biotechnol. Biofuels PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 1 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1754-6834-1-5 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 521GX UT WOS:000271909700001 PM 18471316 ER PT J AU Dawson, HD Collins, G Pyle, R Key, M Taub, DD AF Dawson, Harry D. Collins, Gary Pyle, Robert Key, Michael Taub, Dennis D. TI The Retinoic Acid Receptor-alpha mediates human T-cell activation and Th2 cytokine and chemokine production SO BMC IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIATION IN-VITRO; X-RECEPTOR; SELECTIVE RETINOIDS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARCINOMA-CELLS; DOWN-REGULATION; RAR-ALPHA; VITAMIN-A; RXR-ALPHA; LYMPHOCYTES AB Background: We have recently demonstrated that all- trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9-cisretinoic acid (9-cis RA) promote IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 synthesis, while decreasing IFN-gamma. and TNF-alpha expression by activated human T cells and reduces the synthesis of IL-12p70 from accessory cells. Here, we have demonstrated that the observed effects using ATRA and 9-cis RA are shared with the clinically useful RAR ligand, 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA), and the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RAR-alpha)-selective agonist, AM580 but not with the RAR-beta/gamma. ligand, 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide (4-HPR). Results: The increase in type 2 cytokine production by these retinoids correlated with the expression of the T cell activation markers, CD69 and CD38. The RAR-alpha-selective agonist, AM580 recapitulated all of the T cell activation and type 2 cytokine-inducing effects of ATRA and 9-cis-RA, while the RAR-alpha-selective antagonist, RO 41 -5253, inhibited these effects. Conclusion: These results strongly support a role for RAR-alpha engagement in the regulation of genes and proteins involved with human T cell activation and type 2 cytokine production. C1 [Collins, Gary; Pyle, Robert; Key, Michael; Taub, Dennis D.] NIA, Immunol Lab, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Dawson, Harry D.] USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Taub, DD (reprint author), NIA, Immunol Lab, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH, 4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM harry.dawson@ars.usda.gov; collinsg@grc.nia.nih.gov; pyler@grc.nia.nih.gov; keym@grc.nia.nih.gov; taubd@grc.nia.nih.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 61 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2172 J9 BMC IMMUNOL JI BMC Immunol. PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 16 DI 10.1186/1471-2172-9-16 PG 14 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 308EG UT WOS:000256370500001 PM 18416830 ER PT J AU Guo, J Severtson, SJ Gwin, LE Houtman, CJ AF Guo, Jihui Severtson, Steven J. Gwin, Larry E. Houtman, Carl J. TI Effect of amphiphilic additives on the behavior of water-based acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives during paper recycling SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OPERATIONS; IMPACT AB Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) in recovered paper reduce efficiency and increase operating costs for paper recycling mills. Increased PSA. fragmentation during pulping and the corresponding reduction in screening efficiency are indications that a PSA will likely interfere with paper recycling. Water-based PSAs, which dominate the label market, have complex formulations that include several amphiphilic materials, i.e., emulsifiers, dispersants, and wetting agents. Increasing the amount of these surface-active materials increased adhesive fragmentation during pulping, and thus reduced screening removal efficiencies. Accompanying the reduction in size was a distinct change in morphology of adhesive particles, which assumed a less collapsed structure during repulping. The presence of surface-active materials also appeared to facilitate the removal of fiber from PSA films during repulping, reducing the importance of paper facestock properties in determining fragmentation behavior. The findings presented here combined with results reported previously provide more complete guidelines for the synthesis and formulation of recycling-compatible acrylic water-based PSAs. C1 [Guo, Jihui; Severtson, Steven J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gwin, Larry E.] Franklin Int, Columbus, OH 43207 USA. [Houtman, Carl J.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Severtson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, 2004 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sever018@umn.edu RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 8 BP 2612 EP 2617 DI 10.1021/ie071456t PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 286NE UT WOS:000254851800020 ER PT J AU Fu, J Park, B Siragusa, G Jones, L Tripp, R Zhao, YP Cho, YJ AF Fu, Junxue Park, Bosoon Siragusa, Greg Jones, Les Tripp, Ralph Zhao, Yiping Cho, Yong-Jin TI An Au/Si hetero-nanorod-based biosensor for Salmonella detection SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; CONVENTIONAL CULTURE METHOD; GLANCING ANGLE DEPOSITION; RAPID DETECTION; FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; DOT-ELISA; TYPHIMURIUM; ENRICHMENT; IMMUNOASSAY; ENTERITIDIS AB We present a novel and effective food-borne bacteria detection method. A hetero-structured silicon/gold nanorod array fabricated by the glancing angle deposition method is functionalized with anti-Salmonella antibodies and organic dye molecules. Due to the high aspect ratio nature of the Si nanorods, dye molecules attached to the Si nanorods produce an enhanced fluorescence upon capture and detection of Salmonella. This bio-functional hetero-nanorod detection method has great potential in the food safety industry as well as in biomedical diagnostics. C1 [Fu, Junxue; Zhao, Yiping] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Park, Bosoon; Siragusa, Greg] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Jones, Les; Tripp, Ralph] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cho, Yong-Jin] Korea Food Res Inst, Songnam, South Korea. RP Fu, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhaoy@physast.uga.edu RI Zhao, Yiping/A-4968-2008; Tripp, Ralph/F-5218-2011; OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 15 AR 155502 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/15/155502 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 276WP UT WOS:000254174700008 PM 21825614 ER PT J AU Gates, M Delvare, G AF Gates, M. Delvare, G. TI A new species of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera : Eurytomidae) attacking Quadrastichus spp. (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) galling Erythrina spp. (Fabaceae), with a summary of African Eurytoma biology and species checklist SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Eurytoma; Quadrastichus; Erythrina; parasitic wasps; description; host relationship; checklist ID PARASITOIDS; NOCTUIDAE AB Eurytoma erythrinae Gates and Delvare, new species, is described and illustrated. This species was reared from field-collected galls on Erythrina spp. ( Fabaceae) induced by Quadrastichus spp. ( Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), in Tanzania, Ghana, and South Africa. It is compared with very similar African species, Eurytoma radicicola Risbec. Afrotropical species classified in Eurytoma are reviewed and twenty- seven new combinations are proposed: Aximopsis acaciacola ( Hedqvist) comb. n., A. caryedocida ( Rasplus) comb. n., A. lamtoensis ( Rasplus) comb. n., A. mateui ( Hedqvist) comb. n., A. mimosarum ( Rasplus) comb. n., A. obocki ( Risbec) comb. n., A. oryzivora ( Delvare) comb. n., A. saharensis ( Hedqvist) comb. n., A. senegalensis ( Risbec) comb. n., A. tropicana ( Risbec) comb. n., Bruchophagus conapionis ( Rasplus) comb. n., Fronsoma ellenbergeri ( Risbec) comb. n., Gibsonoma amborasahae ( Risbec) comb. n., G. aphloiae ( Risbec) comb. n., G. bararakae ( Risbec) comb. n., G. eugeniae ( Risbec) comb. n., G. mandrakae ( Risbec) comb. n., G. pauliani ( Risbec) comb. n., G. plectroniae ( Risbec) comb. n., G. tavolae ( Risbec) comb. n., Philolema arachnovora ( Hesse) comb. n., P. arnoldi ( Waterston) comb. n., P. bambeyi ( Risbec) comb. n., P. braconidis ( Ferriere) comb. n., and P. syleptae ( Ferri_ re) comb. n., Phylloxeroxenus cressoni ( Howard) comb. n., and Sycophila plectroniae ( Risbec) comb. n. Lectotypes are designated for ten species: Eurytoma perineti Risbec, E. radicicola Risbec, E. toddaliae Risbec, Gibsonoma amborasahae ( Risbec), G. aphloiae ( Risbec), G. eugeniae ( Risbec), G. mandrakae ( Risbec), G. pauliani ( Risbec), G. tavolae ( Risbec), and P. bambeyi ( Risbec). We also provide a checklist of Afrotropical species that are or were classified in Eurytoma and tabulate the known host/ associations of these species with references. C1 [Delvare, G.] CIRAD, UMR CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. RP Gates, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.gates@ars.usda.gov; gerard.delvare@cirad.fr NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 16 PY 2008 IS 1751 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 288HD UT WOS:000254976000001 ER PT J AU Zhao, YL Wang, Y Zhu, JY Ragauskas, A Deng, YL AF Zhao, Yulin Wang, Ying Zhu, J. Y. Ragauskas, Art Deng, Yulin TI Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of spruce by alkaline pretreatment at low temperature SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE lignocellulosic materials; cellulose; biofuel; alkaline; pretreatment ID NAOH/UREA AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; STEAM PRETREATMENT; CORN STOVER; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; WHEAT-STRAW; CELLULOSE; TECHNOLOGIES; BIOMASS; FRACTIONATION; OPTIMIZATION AB Alkaline pretreatment of spruce at low temperature in both presence and absence of urea was studied. It was found that the enzymatic hydrolysis rate and efficiency can be significantly improved by the pretreatment. At low temperature, the pretreatment chemicals, either NaOH alone or NaOH-urea mixture solution, can slightly remove lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose in the lignocellulosic materials, disrupt the connections between hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin, and alter the structure of treated biomass to make cellulose more accessible to hydrolysis enzymes. Moreover, the wood fiber bundles could be broken down to small and loose lignocellulosic particles by the chemical treatment. Therefore, the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of untreated mechanical fibers can also be remarkably enhanced by NaOH or NaOH/urea solution treatment. The results indicated that, for spruce, up to 70% glucose yield could be obtained for the cold temperature pretreatment (-15 degrees C using 7% NaOH/ 12% urea solution, but only 20% and 24% glucose yields were obtained at temperatures of 23 degrees C and 60 degrees C, respectively, when other conditions remained the same. The best condition for the chemical pretreatment regarding this study was 3% NaOH/12% urea, and -15 degrees C. Over 60% glucose conversion was achieved upon this condition. C1 [Zhao, Yulin; Wang, Ying; Deng, Yulin] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Zhu, J. Y.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Ragauskas, Art] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Deng, YL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM yulin.deng@chbe.gatech.edu OI Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X NR 33 TC 147 Z9 156 U1 9 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3592 EI 1097-0290 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1320 EP 1328 DI 10.1002/bit.21712 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 277KQ UT WOS:000254211700005 PM 18023037 ER PT J AU Ramachandra, RK Salem, M Gahr, S Rexroad, CE Yao, J AF Ramachandra, Raghuveer K. Salem, Mohamed Gahr, Scott Rexroad, Caird E., III Yao, Jianbo TI Cloning and characterization of microRNAs from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Their expression during early embryonic development SO BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDBLASTULA TRANSITION; MOUSE DEVELOPMENT; CELLS; ZEBRAFISH; GROWTH; MIRNA; IDENTIFICATION; POLYCISTRON; INVOLVEMENT; PROFILES AB Background: Current literature and our previous results on expression patterns of oocyte-specific genes and transcription factors suggest a global but highly regulated maternal mRNA degradation at the time of embryonic genome activation (EGA). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding regulatory RNAs (19-23 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression by guiding target mRNA cleavage or translational inhibition. These regulatory RNAs are potentially involved in the degradation of maternally inherited mRNAs during early embryogenesis. Results: To identify miRNAs that might be important for early embryogenesis in rainbow trout, we constructed a miRNA library from a pool of unfertilized eggs and early stage embryos. Sequence analysis of random clones from the library identified 14 miRNAs, 4 of which are novel to rainbow trout. Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of all cloned miRNAs during embryonic development. Four distinct expression patterns were observed and some miRNAs showed up-regulated expression during EGA. Analysis of tissue distribution of these miRNAs showed that some are present ubiquitously, while others are differentially expressed among different tissues. We also analyzed the expression patterns of Dicer, the enzyme required for the processing of miRNAs and Stat3, a transcription factor involved in activating the transcription of miR-21. Dicer is abundantly expressed during EGA and Stat3 is up-regulated before the onset of EGA. Conclusion: This study led to the discovery of 14 rainbow trout miRNAs. Our data support the notion that Dicer processes miRNAs and Stat3 induces expression of miR-21 and possibly other miRNAs during EGA. These miRNAs in turn guide maternal mRNAs for degradation, which is required for normal embryonic development. C1 [Ramachandra, Raghuveer K.; Salem, Mohamed; Yao, Jianbo] W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Lab Anim Biotechnol & Gen, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Gahr, Scott; Rexroad, Caird E., III] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Yao, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Lab Anim Biotechnol & Gen, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM raghuveerkr@gmail.com; Mohamed.Salem@mail.wvu.edu; scott.gahr@ars.usda.gov; caird.rexroadiii@ars.usda.gov; jianbo.yao@mail.wvu.edu RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 38 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-213X J9 BMC DEV BIOL JI BMC Dev. Biol. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 41 DI 10.1186/1471-213X-8-41 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 301YO UT WOS:000255932800001 PM 18412968 ER PT J AU McDaniel, PA Regan, MP Brooks, E Boll, J Bamdt, S Falen, A Young, SK Hammel, JE AF McDaniel, P. A. Regan, M. P. Brooks, E. Boll, J. Bamdt, S. Falen, A. Young, S. K. Hammel, J. E. TI Linking fragipans, perched water tables, and catchment-scale hydrological processes SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 09-15, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA DE fragipans; hydrology; perched water tables; runoff; subsurface flow ID SILT LOAM; QUATERNARY; ARGIXEROLL; STREAMFLOW; HILLSLOPES; LANDSCAPE; PALOUSE; IDAHO; LOESS; AREAS AB Soils with very slowly permeable fragipans and fragipan-like argillic horizons are extensive throughout the Palouse Region of northern Idaho and eastern Washington, USA. These soils develop seasonal perched water tables (PWTs) under the xeric moisture regime of the region. The objective of this study was to utilize a hydropedology approach to examine the linkages between fragipans, PWTs, and catchment-scale hydrological processes such as soil water storage, runoff, and lateral throughflow. A 1.7-ha catchment dominated by Fragixeralfs (Fragic Luvisols) was instrumented with 135 automated shallow wells to monitor PWTs. Soil water content was measured with water content reflectometry probes, and catchment outflow was measured with a flume. A 35 m x 18 in plot was isolated hydrologically from the surrounding hillslope using tile drains and plastic sheeting to measure perched water outflow. Results show that during the wet winter and spring months, the transition from unsaturated to saturated conditions is accompanied by changes in volumetric water storage of only 4-5%. PWT levels are at the surface of similar to 26-45% of the catchment soils during periods of high rainfall and snowmelt, thereby generating saturation-excess surface runoff from hillslopes. Observed solute movement via subsurface flow is very rapid and ranges between 2.9 and 18.7 m d(-1) when PWTs are maintained in more-permeable Ap and Bw horizons. Subsurface lateral flow accounts for as much as 90% of the incident precipitation and snowmelt during early spring. Data indicate that the relatively shallow depth to the fragipans and high K-sat in surface soil layers combine to create a very flashy hydrological system characterized by considerable temporal and spatial variation in patterns of saturation-excess runoff. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 [McDaniel, P. A.; Falen, A.; Young, S. K.; Hammel, J. E.] Univ Idaho, Soil & Land Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Regan, M. P.] USDA, NRCS, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Brooks, E.; Boll, J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Bamdt, S.] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP McDaniel, PA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Soil & Land Resources Div, Box 2339, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM pmcdaniel@uidaho.edu RI McDaniel, Paul/A-8954-2009 NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 73 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2007.05.011 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 298GK UT WOS:000255674200003 ER PT J AU Zhou, X Lin, HS White, EA AF Zhou, X. Lin, H. S. White, E. A. TI Surface soil hydraulic properties in four soil series under different land uses and their temporal changes SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 09-15, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA DE land use; genoform; phenoforms; hydraulic conductivity; tension infiltrometer ID TENSION INFILTROMETER; USE HISTORY; MACROPOROSITY; CONDUCTIVITY; INFILTRATION; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; PEAT; FLOW AB The concepts of "genoform" and "phenoform" distinguish the genetically-defined soil series and the variation of soil properties resulted from different land uses and management practices. With the repeated field measurements over time, we attempted to understand the difference of soil hydraulic properties among different land uses for a given soil series, and their temporal dynamics. Four soil series (Glenelg, Hagerstown, Joanna, and Morrison) in Pennsylvania with contrasting textures, structures, and parent materials were investigated. Within each soil series, four common land uses (woodland, cropland, pasture, and urban) were examined. At each site of soil series-land use combination, field-saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivities, K(psi), were measured at the soil surface using standard tension infiltrometers at water supply potentials (psi) of -0.12, -.06, -0.03, -0.02, -0.01, and 0 m. Surface infiltration measurements were repeated at each site in May and October from 2004 to 2006. The analysis of variance indicated that the measurement time (May or October) had the greatest impact on all measured hydraulic conductivities (p<0.001), followed by the land use (p<0.05 for K-psi=0 and K psi=-0.06) and soil series (p<0.06 for K psi=-0.01 to K psi=-0.03). The interactions between the time and land use and between the soil series and land use were statistically significant for K-psi=0 and K psi=-0.01. When separated by the measurement time, land use showed greater impacts in October than in May, while soil series had greater impacts in May than in October. Among the four land uses, woodland showed less obvious temporal change compared to the other three land uses because of less human-induced impacts and more consistent ground cover. Other three land uses generally showed a higher hydraulic conductivity in May than in October due to the drier initial soil moisture condition and related management practices in the spring that gave rise to more significant macropore flow. The results suggested that the initial soil moisture is an important variable that drives the temporal variation of the surface soil hydraulic properties. (C)2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, X.; Lin, H. S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [White, E. A.] USDA, NRCS, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Zhou, X (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM xzz2@pssu.edu RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011 NR 31 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 73 IS 2 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2007.09.009 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 298GK UT WOS:000255674200005 ER PT J AU Owens, PR Wilding, LP Miller, WM Griffin, RW AF Owens, P. R. Wilding, L. P. Miller, W. M. Griffin, R. W. TI Using iron metal rods to infer oxygen status in seasonally saturated soils SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 09-15, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA DE oxygen; iron rods; seasonally saturated soils; aquic conditions; iron rust ID TEMPERATURE; REDUCTION AB The oxygen status in soils is fundamental to a number of earth-science processes including biological, physical and chemical interactions. Since oxygen is time consuming and often difficult to measure in soils, this research explores the use of zero-valent iron rods as a means of estimating oxygen content in soils. Zero-valent iron rods (polished nails) were placed in three soil toposequences and the surface coatings formed by oxidation were compared to measured oxygen concentrations taken every three weeks for one year. When water was present in the soils, the oxygen was measured as dissolved oxygen and in drained conditions it was reported as percent. Coatings on iron metal rods inserted in the soil appear to correlate well with specific oxygen ranges. Rods in soils with O-2 concentrations below about 2 mg l(-1) do not develop bright (7.5YR 4/4 to 5/8) oxide/oxyhydroxide coatings, but instead formed black (10YR 2/1-2) coatings. Rods in soils with O-2 concentrations between about 2% to 5% develop variegated bright (7.5YR 4/4 to 5/8) oxide/oxyhydroxide coatings indicating soil drainage and inicrosite differences in O-2 concentrations. Rods in soils with O-2 concentrations above about 5% with adequate moisture are almost completely coated with bright (7.5YR 4/4 to 5/8) iron oxide/oxyhydroxides. Mineralogy of oxide/oxyhydroxide coatings could not be established by XRD presumably due to the short-range order crystal structure of the metal oxide/oxyhydroxides. This method provides a simple and inexpensive means to qualitatively estimate the ranges of o(2) status in soils. This research may have implications in hydric soil determination, horticultural and agricultural applications, as well as, remediation techniques. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Owens, P. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Wilding, L. P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Miller, W. M.] USDA, NRCS, Victoria, TX 77901 USA. [Griffin, R. W.] Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Agr Nutr & Human Ecol, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. RP Owens, PR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, Lilly Hall Life Sci,915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM prowens@purdue.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 73 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2007.07.009 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 298GK UT WOS:000255674200007 ER PT J AU Tian, D Wang, YH Bergin, M Hu, YT Liu, YQ Russell, AG AF Tian, Di Wang, Yuhang Bergin, Michelle Hu, Yongtao Liu, Yongqiang Russell, Armistead G. TI Air quality impacts from prescribed forest fires under different management practices SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Large amounts of air pollutants are emitted during prescribed forest fires. Such emissions and corresponding air quality impacts can be modulated by different forest management practices. The impacts of changing burning seasons and frequencies and of controlling emissions during smoldering on regional air quality in Georgia are quantified using source-oriented air quality modeling, with modified emissions from prescribed fires reflecting effects of each practice. Equivalent fires in the spring and winter are found to have a greater impact on PM2.5 than those in summer, though ozone impacts are larger from spring and summer fires. If prescribed fires are less frequent, more biofuel is burnt in each fire, leading to larger emissions and air quality impacts per fire. For example, emissions from a fire with a 5-year fire return interval (FRI) are 72% larger than those from a fire of the same acreage with a 2-year FRI. However, corresponding long-term regional impacts are reduced with the longer FRI since the annual burned area is reduced. Total emissions for fires in Georgia with a 5-year FRI are 32% less than those with a 2-year FRI. Smoldering emissions can lead to approximately 1.0 or 1.9 mu g/m(3) of PM2.5 in the Atlanta PM2.5 nonattainment area during March 2002. C1 [Tian, Di; Bergin, Michelle; Hu, Yongtao; Russell, Armistead G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, Yuhang] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Liu, Yongqiang] USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Tian, D (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Environm Protect Div, 4244 Int Pkwy,Suite 120, Atlanta, GA 30354 USA. EM di.tian@gatech.edu RI Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014; Hu, Yongtao/H-7543-2016 OI Hu, Yongtao/0000-0002-5161-0592 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2767 EP 2772 DI 10.1021/es0711213 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287BD UT WOS:000254890400017 PM 18497121 ER PT J AU Meyer, CR Renschler, CS Vining, RC AF Meyer, Charles R. Renschler, Chris S. Vining, Roel C. TI Implementing quality control on a random number stream to improve a stochastic weather generator SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE climate; stochastic model; quality control; random number; weather; weather generator; runoff; soil erosion; deterministic model ID EROSION PREDICTION; SOIL-LOSS; CLIGEN; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION; PARAMETERS; RUNOFF; MODELS AB For decades, stochastic modellers have used computerized random number generators to produce random numeric sequences fitting a specified statistical distribution. Unfortunately, none of the random number generators we tested satisfactorily produced the target distribution. The result is generated distributions whose mean even diverges from the mean used to generate them, regardless of the length of run. Non-uniform distributions from short sequences of random numbers are a major problem in stochastic climate generation, because truly uniform distributions are required to produce the intended climate parameter distributions. In order to ensure generation of a representative climate with the stochastic weather generator CLIGEN within a 30-year run, we tested the climate output resulting from various random number generators. The resulting distributions of climate parameters showed significant departures from the target distributions in all cases. We traced this failure back to the uniform random number generators themselves. This paper proposes a quality control approach to select only those numbers that conform to the expected distribution being retained for subsequent use. The approach is based on goodness-of-fit analysis applied to the random numbers generated. Normally distributed deviates are further tested with confidence interval tests on their means and standard deviations. The positive effect of the new approach on the climate characteristics generated and the subsequent deterministic process-based hydrology and soil erosion modelling are illustrated for four climatologically diverse sites. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Renschler, Chris S.] SUNY Buffalo, NCGIA, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. [Meyer, Charles R.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Vining, Roel C.] USDA NRCS, Natl Air Qual Team, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Renschler, CS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, NCGIA, Dept Geog, 105 Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM rensch@buffalo.edu OI Renschler, Chris S./0000-0002-7462-6386 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1069 EP 1079 DI 10.1002/hyp.6668 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 290WT UT WOS:000255154200001 ER PT J AU Kang, JS Frank, J Kang, CH Kajiura, H Vikram, M Ueda, A Kim, S Bahk, JD Triplett, B Fujiyama, K Lee, SY von Schaewen, A Koiwa, H AF Kang, Jae Sook Frank, Julia Kang, Chang Ho Kajiura, Hiroyuki Vikram, Meenu Ueda, Akihiro Kim, Sewon Bahk, Jeong Dong Triplett, Barbara Fujiyama, Kazuhito Lee, Sang Yeol von Schaewen, Antje Koiwa, Hisashi TI Salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana requires maturation of N-glycosylated proteins in the Golgi apparatus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE complex N-glycans; endoplasmic reticulum stress; salt stress ID ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE-II; CELLULOSE BIOSYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; LINKED GLYCANS; CELL EXPANSION; GLUCOSIDASE-I; WILD-TYPE; PLANTS; OLIGOSACCHARYLTRANSFERASE; MUTANTS AB Protein N-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the Golgi apparatus is an essential process in eukaryotic cells. Although the N-glycosylation pathway in the ER has been shown to regulate protein quality control, salt tolerance, and cellulose biosynthesis in plants, no biological roles have been linked functionally to N-glycan modifications that occur in the Golgi apparatus. Herein, we provide evidence that mutants defective in N-glycan maturation, such as complex glycan 1 (cgl1), are more salt-sensitive than wild type. Salt stress caused growth inhibition, aberrant root-tip morphology, and callose accumulation in cgl1, which were also observed in an ER oligosaccharyltransferase mutant, staurosporin and temperature sensitive 3a (stt3a). Unlike stt3a, cgl1 did not cause constitutive activation of the unfolded protein response. Instead, aberrant modification of the plasma membrane glycoprotein KORRIGAN 1/RADIALLY SWOLLEN 2 (KOR1/RSW2) that is necessary for cellulose biosynthesis occurred in cgl1 and stt3a. Genetic analyses identified specific interactions among rsw2, stt3a, and cgl1 mutations, indicating that the function of KOR1/RSW2 protein depends on complex N-glycans. Furthermore, cellulose deficient rsw1-1 and rsw2-1 plants were also salt-sensitive. These results establish that plant protein N-glycosylation functions beyond protein folding in the ER and is necessary for sufficient cell-wall formation under salt stress. C1 [Kang, Jae Sook; Kang, Chang Ho; Kim, Sewon; Bahk, Jeong Dong; Lee, Sang Yeol] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Grad Sch, Natl Core Res Ctr,Brain Korea 21, Div Appl Life Sci & Environm Biotechnol, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Frank, Julia; von Schaewen, Antje] Univ Munster, Inst Bot, Mol Physiol Pflanzen, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Kang, Chang Ho; Vikram, Meenu; Ueda, Akihiro; Koiwa, Hisashi] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kang, Chang Ho; Vikram, Meenu; Ueda, Akihiro; Koiwa, Hisashi] Texas A&M Univ, Mol & Environm Plant Sci Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kajiura, Hiroyuki] Osaka Univ, Int Ctr Biotechnol, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Triplett, Barbara; Fujiyama, Kazuhito] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Fiber Biosci Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Grad Sch, Natl Core Res Ctr,Brain Korea 21, Div Appl Life Sci & Environm Biotechnol, Jinju 660701, South Korea. EM sylee@nongae.ac.kr; schaewen@uni-muenster.de; koiwa@neo.tamu.edu RI Ueda, Akihiro/D-1671-2010 NR 48 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 15 BP 5933 EP 5938 DI 10.1073/pnas.0800237105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 291ZX UT WOS:000255237200051 PM 18408158 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Kustas, WP Prueger, JH AF Crow, Wade T. Kustas, William P. Prueger, John H. TI Monitoring root-zone soil moisture through the assimilation of a thermal remote sensing-based soil moisture proxy into a water balance model SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE thermal remote sensing; soil moisture; data assimilation; surface radiometric temperature ID LAND DATA ASSIMILATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ENERGY FLUXES; HEAT-FLUX; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; COVER; TIME AB Two types of Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) modeling approaches can be applied to monitor root-zone soil moisture in agricultural landscapes. Water and Energy Balance (WEB) SVAT modeling is based on forcing a prognostic root-zone water balance model with observed rainfall and predicted evapotranspiration. In contrast, thermal Remote Sensing (RS) observations of surface radiometric temperature (T-R) are integrated into purely diagnostic RS-SVAT models to predict the onset of vegetation water stress. While RS-SVAT models do not explicitly monitor soil moisture, they can be used in the calculation of thermal-based proxy variables for the availability of soil water in the root zone. Using four growing seasons (2001 to 2004) of profile soil moisture, micro-meteorology, and surface radiometric temperature measurements at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Optimizing Production Inputs for Economic and Environmental Enhancements (OPE3) study site in Beltsville, MD, prospects for improving WEB-SVAT root-zone soil water predictions via the assimilation of diagnostic RS-SVAT soil moisture proxy information are examined. Results illustrate the potential advantages of such an assimilation approach relative to the competing approach of directly assimilating T-R measurements. Since T-R measurements used in the analysis are tower-based (and not obtained from a remote platform), a sensitivity analysis demonstrates the potential impact of remote sensing limitations on the value of the RS-SVAT proxy. Overall, results support a potential role for RS-SVAT modeling strategies in improving WEB-SVAT model characterization of root-zone soil moisture. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Crow, Wade T.; Kustas, William P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 33 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 4 BP 1268 EP 1281 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.033 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 288BP UT WOS:000254961500003 ER PT J AU Sims, DA Rahman, AF Cordova, VD El-Masri, BZ Baldocchi, DD Bolstad, PV Flanagan, LB Goldstein, AH Hollinger, DY Misson, L Monson, RK Oechel, WC Schmid, HP Wofsy, SC Xu, L AF Sims, Daniel A. Rahman, Abdullah F. Cordova, Vicente D. El-Masri, Bassil Z. Baldocchi, Dennis D. Bolstad, Paul V. Flanagan, Lawrence B. Goldstein, Allen H. Hollinger, David Y. Misson, Laurent Monson, Russell K. Oechel, Walter C. Schmid, Hans P. Wofsy, Steven C. Xu, Liukang TI A new model of gross primary productivity for North American ecosystems based solely on the enhanced vegetation index and land surface temperature from MODIS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE gross photosynthesis; GPP; carbon modeling; eddy covariance; flux tower; surface temperature ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; TERRESTRIAL PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; EDDY COVARIANCE; PONDEROSA PINE; CO2 EXCHANGE; CLIMATE DATA AB Many current models of ecosystem carbon exchange based on remote sensing, such as the MODIS product termed MOD17, still require considerable input from ground based meteorological measurements and look up tables based on vegetation type. Since these data are often not available at the same spatial scale as the remote sensing imagery, they can introduce substantial errors into the carbon exchange estimates. Here we present further development of a gross primary production (GPP) model based entirely on remote sensing data. In contrast to an earlier model based only on the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), this model, termed the Temperature and Greenness (TG) model, also includes the land surface temperature (LST) product from MODIS. In addition to its obvious relationship to vegetation temperature, LST was correlated with vapor pressure deficit and photosynthetically active radiation. Combination of EVI and LST in the model substantially improved the correlation between predicted and measured GPP at 11 eddy correlation flux towers in a wide range of vegetation types across North America. In many cases, the TG model provided substantially better predictions of GPP than did the MODIS GPP product. However, both models resulted in poor predictions for sparse shrub habitats where solar angle effects on remote sensing indices were large. Although it may be possible to improve the MODIS GPP product through improved parameterization, our results suggest that simpler models based entirely on remote sensing can provide equally good predictions of GPP. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sims, Daniel A.] Ball State Univ, Dept Geog, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Rahman, Abdullah F.; Cordova, Vicente D.; El-Masri, Bassil Z.; Schmid, Hans P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bolstad, Paul V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Flanagan, Lawrence B.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Hollinger, David Y.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Misson, Laurent] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Xu, Liukang] Licor Inc, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Sims, DA (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Geog, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM dasims@bsu.edu; farahman@indiana.edu; vcordova@indiana.edu; belmasri@indiana.edu; baldocchi@nature.berkeley.edu; pbolstad@umn.edu; larry.flanagan@uleth.ca; ahg@nature.berkeley.edu; dhollinger@fs.fed.us; laurent.misson@cefe.cnrs.fr; russell.monson@colorado.edu; oechel@sunstroke.sdsu.edu; hschmid@indiana.edu; sew@io.harvard.edu; LXu@licor.com RI Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Flanagan, Lawrence/B-1307-2013; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Flanagan, Lawrence/0000-0003-1748-0306; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 52 TC 169 Z9 181 U1 9 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 4 BP 1633 EP 1646 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.08.004 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 288BP UT WOS:000254961500029 ER PT J AU Daughtry, CST Hunt, ER AF Daughtry, C. S. T. Hunt, E. R., Jr. TI Mitigating the effects of soil and residue water contents on remotely sensed estimates of crop residue cover SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE crop residue cover; reflectance spectra; spectral moisture index; cellulose absorption index ID SHORTWAVE INFRARED REFLECTANCE; MOISTURE; FEATURES; SPECTRA AB Crop residues on the soil surface decrease soil erosion and increase soil organic carbon and the management of crop residues is an integral part of many conservation tillage systems. Current methods of measuring residue cover are inadequate for characterizing the spatial variability of residue cover over large fields. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of water content on the remotely sensed estimates of crop residue cover and to propose a method to mitigate the effects of water content on remotely sensed estimates of crop residue cover. Reflectance spectra of crop residues and soils were measured in the lab over the 400-2400 nm wavelength region. Reflectance of scenes with various residue cover fractions and water contents was simulated using a linear mixture model. Additional spectra of scenes with mixtures of crop residues and soil were also acquired in corn, soybean, and wheat fields with different tillage treatments and different water content conditions. Crop residue cover was linearly related to the cellulose absorption index (CAI), which was defined as the relative intensity of an absorption feature near 2100 nm. Water in the crop residue significantly attenuated CAI and changed the slope of the residue cover vs. CAI relationship. Without an appropriate correction, crop residue covers were underestimated as scene water content increased. Spectral vegetation water indices were poorly related to changes in the water contents of crop residues and soils. A new reflectance ratio water index that used the two bands located on the shoulders of the cellulose absorption feature to estimate scene water conditions was proposed and tested with data from corn, soybean, and wheat fields. The ratio water index was used to describe the changes in the slope of crop residue cover vs. CAI and improve the predictions of crop residue cover. These results indicate that spatial and temporal adjustments in the spectral estimates of crop residue cover are possible. Current mutispectral imaging systems will not provide reliable estimates of crop residue cover when scene water content varies. Hyperspectral data are not required, because the three narrow bands that are used for both CAI and the scene moisture correction could be incorporated in advanced multispectral sensors. Thus, regional surveys of soil conservation practices that affect soil carbon dynamics may be feasible using either advanced multispectral or hyperspectral imaging systems. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Daughtry, C. S. T.; Hunt, E. R., Jr.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Daughtry, CST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,Room 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Craig.Daughtry@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 4 BP 1647 EP 1657 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.08.006 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 288BP UT WOS:000254961500030 ER PT J AU Blackard, JA Finco, MV Helmer, EH Holden, GR Hoppus, ML Jacobs, DM Lister, AJ Moisen, GG Nelson, MD Riemann, R Ruefenacht, B Salajanu, D Weyermann, DL Winterberger, KC Brandeis, TJ Czaplewski, RL McRoberts, RE Patterson, PL Tymcio, RP AF Blackard, J. A. Finco, M. V. Helmer, E. H. Holden, G. R. Hoppus, M. L. Jacobs, D. M. Lister, A. J. Moisen, G. G. Nelson, M. D. Riemann, R. Ruefenacht, B. Salajanu, D. Weyermann, D. L. Winterberger, K. C. Brandeis, T. J. Czaplewski, R. L. McRoberts, R. E. Patterson, P. L. Tymcio, R. P. TI Mapping US forest biomass using nationwide forest inventory data and moderate resolution information SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE forest biomass; MODIS; classification and regression trees; forest probability; carbon; FIA ID CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; ANNUAL NET FLUX; SUCCESSIONAL STAGE; SATELLITE DATA; NORTH-AMERICA; WOODY BIOMASS; CARBON SINK; ATMOSPHERE AB A spatially explicit dataset of aboveground live forest biomass was made from ground measured inventory plots for the conterminous U.S., Alaska and Puerto Rico. The plot data are from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. To scale these plot data to maps, we developed models relating field-measured response variables to plot attributes serving as the. predictor variables. The plot attributes came from intersecting plot coordinates with geospatial datasets. Consequently, these models serve as mapping models. The geospatial predictor variables included Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS)-derived image composites and percent tree cover; land cover proportions and other data from the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD); topographic variables; monthly and annual climate parameters; and other ancillary variables. We segmented the mapping models for the U.S. into 65 ecologically similar mapping zones, plus Alaska and Puerto Rico. First, we developed a forest mask by modeling the forest vs. nonforest assignment of field plots as functions of the predictor layers using classification trees in See5 (c). Secondly, forest biomass models were built within the predicted forest areas using tree-based algorithms in Cubist (c). To validate the models, we compared field-measured with model-predicted forest/nonforest classification and biomass from an independent test set, randomly selected from available plot data for each mapping zone. The estimated proportion of correctly classified pixels for the forest mask ranged from 0.79 in Puerto Rico to 0.94 in Alaska. For biomass, model correlation coefficients ranged from a high of 0.73 in the Pacific Northwest, to a low of 0.31 in the Southern region. There was a tendency in all regions for these models to over-predict areas of small biomass and under-predict areas of large biomass, not capturing the full range in variability. Map-based estimates of forest area and forest biomass compared well with traditional plot-based estimates for individual states and for four scales of spatial aggregation. Variable importance analyses revealed that MODIS-derived information could contribute more predictive power than other classes of information when used in isolation. However, the true contribution of each variable is confounded by high correlations. Consequently, excluding any one class of variables resulted in only small effects on overall map accuracy. An estimate of total C pools in live forest biomass of U.S. forests, derived from the nationwide biomass map, also compared well with previously published estimates. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Blackard, J. A.; Moisen, G. G.; Patterson, P. L.; Tymcio, R. P.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Finco, M. V.; Ruefenacht, B.] Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Helmer, E. H.] Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Holden, G. R.; Nelson, M. D.; McRoberts, R. E.] N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hoppus, M. L.; Lister, A. J.; Riemann, R.] Northeastern Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Salajanu, D.; Brandeis, T. J.] Southern Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Weyermann, D. L.] Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Winterberger, K. C.] Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Czaplewski, R. L.] Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Moisen, GG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM gmoisen@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 154 Z9 174 U1 8 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 4 BP 1658 EP 1677 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.08.021 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 288BP UT WOS:000254961500031 ER PT J AU French, AN Schmugge, TJ Ritchie, JC Hsu, A Jacob, F Ogawa, K AF French, A. N. Schmugge, T. J. Ritchie, J. C. Hsu, A. Jacob, F. Ogawa, K. TI Detecting land cover change at the Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico with ASTER emissivities SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ASTER; thermal infrared; emissivity; Jornada; MODIS; land cover change ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; NATURAL SURFACES; SPECTRAL INDEXES; INFRARED BANDS; CROP RESIDUES AB Multispectral thermal infrared remote sensing of surface emissivities can detect and monitor long term land vegetation cover changes over arid regions. The technique is based on the link between spectral emissivities within the 8.5-9.5 mu m interval and density of sparsely covered terrains. The link exists regardless of plant color, which means that it is often possible to distinguish bare soils from senescent and non-green vegetation. This capability is typically not feasible with vegetation indices. The method is demonstrated and verified using ASTER remote sensing observations between 2001 and 2003 over the Jornada Experimental Range, a semi-arid site in southern New Mexico, USA. A compilation of 27 nearly cloud-free, multispectral thermal infrared scenes revealed spatially coherent patterns of spectral emissivities decreasing at rates on the order of 3% per year with R-2 values of similar to 0.82. These patterns are interpreted as regions of decreased vegetation densities, a view supported by ground-based leaf area index transect data. The multi-year trend revealed by ASTER's 90-m resolution data are independently confirmed by 1-km data from Terra MODIS. Comparable NDVI images do not detect the long-term spatially coherent changes in vegetation. These results show that multispectral thermal infrared data, used in conjunction with visible and near infrared data, could be particularly valuable for monitoring land cover changes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [French, A. N.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Schmugge, T. J.] New Mexico State Univ, Gerald Thomas Professor Water Resources, Coll Agr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Ritchie, J. C.; Hsu, A.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ogawa, K.] Univ Tokyo, Sch Engn, Tokyo, Japan. RP French, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Andrew.French@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Ogawa, Kenta/B-7687-2008; Jacob, Frederic/A-5946-2011 OI Jacob, Frederic/0000-0002-2491-3096 NR 76 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 4 BP 1730 EP 1748 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.08.020 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 288BP UT WOS:000254961500036 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Plourde, LC Martin, ME Braswell, BH Smith, ML Dubayah, RO Hofton, MA Blair, JB AF Anderson, Jeanne E. Plourde, Lucie C. Martin, Mary E. Braswell, Bobby H. Smith, Marie-Louise Dubayah, Ralph O. Hofton, Michelle A. Blair, J. Bryan TI Integrating waveform lidar with hyperspectral imagery for inventory of a northern temperate forest SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE waveform lidar; lidar; LVIS; laser altimetry; AVIRIS; high spectral resolution imagery; hyperspectral; biomass; basal area; quadratic mean stem diameter; forest structure; height; tree species distribution ID BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; MULTISPECTRAL DATA; FOOTPRINT LIDAR; TREE HEIGHT; FUSION; LASER; ACCURACY; DENSITY; AVIRIS AB It has been suggested that attempts to use remote sensing to map the spatial and structural patterns of individual tree species abundances in heterogeneous forests, such as those found in northeastern North America, may benefit from the integration of hyperspectral or multi-spectral information with other active sensor data such as lidar. Towards this end, we describe the integrated and individual capabilities of waveform lidar and hyperspectral data to estimate three common forest measurements - basal area (BA), above-ground biomass (AGBM) and quadratic mean stem diameter (QMSD) - in a northern temperate mixed conifer and deciduous forest. The use of this data to discriminate distribution and abundance patterns of five common and often, dominant tree species was also explored. Waveform lidar imagery was acquired in July 2003 over the 1000 ha. Bartlett Experimental Forest (BEF) in central New Hampshire (USA) using NASA's airborne Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS). High spectral resolution imagery was likewise acquired in August 2003 using NASA's Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). Field data (2001-2003) from over 400 US Forest Service Northern Research Station (USFS NRS) plots were used to determine actual site conditions. Results suggest that the integrated data sets of hyperspectral and waveform lidar provide improved outcomes over use of either data set alone in evaluating common forest metrics. Across all forest conditions, 8-9% more of the variation in AGBM, BA, and QMSD was explained by use of the integrated sensor data in comparison to either AVIRIS or LVIS metrics applied singly, with estimated error 5-8% lower for these variables. Notably, in an analysis using integrated data limited to unmanaged forest tracts, AGBM coefficients of determination improved by 25% or more, while corresponding error levels decreased by over 25%. When data were restricted based on the presence of individual tree species within plots, AVIRIS data alone best predicted species-specific patterns of abundance as determined by species fraction of biomass. Nonetheless, use of LVIS and AVIRIS data - in tandem - produced complementary maps of estimated abundance and structure for individual tree species, providing a promising adjunct to traditional forest inventory and conservation biology planning efforts. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Jeanne E.; Plourde, Lucie C.; Martin, Mary E.; Braswell, Bobby H.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Smith, Marie-Louise] USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Dubayah, Ralph O.; Hofton, Michelle A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Blair, J. Bryan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jeanne.anderson@unh.edu RI Khachadourian, Diana/C-8513-2012; Blair, James/D-3881-2013; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016; OI Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516; Lepine, Lucie/0000-0003-1028-2534 NR 40 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 4 BP 1856 EP 1870 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.09.009 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 288BP UT WOS:000254961500045 ER PT J AU Powell, SL Cohen, WB Yang, Z Pierce, JD Alberti, M AF Powell, Scott L. Cohen, Warren B. Yang, Zhiqiang Pierce, John D. Alberti, Marina TI Quantification of impervious surface in the Snohomish Water Resources Inventory Area of Western Washington from 1972-2006 SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE impervious surface; Landsat; multitemporal; change detection; urban sprawl; spectral unmixing; Washington state ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; LAND-USE CLASSIFICATION; URBAN REFLECTANCE; METROPOLITAN-AREA; IMAGERY; COVER; GROWTH; CITIES; MODEL; ETM+ AB A 34 year time series (1972-2006) of Landsat imagery for a portion of Snohomish and King Counties, Washington (the Snohomish Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA)) was analyzed to estimate the amount of land that was converted into impervious surface as a result of urban and residential development. Spectral unmixing was used to determine the fractional composition of vegetation, open, and shadow for each pixel. Unsupervised and supervised classification techniques were then used to derive preliminary land cover snaps for each time period. Digital orthophotos were used to create agricultural, forest management, high elevation, and riparian masks. In conjunction with established Urban Growth Areas (UGAs), these masks were utilized for the application of spatial rules that identified impervious surface as a surrogate for urban and residential development. Temporal rules, that minimized classification error, were developed based on each pixel's classified trajectory over the time series of imagery. Overall cross-date classification accuracy for impervious v. non-impervious surface was 95%. The results of the analysis indicate that the area of impervious surface in the Snohomish WRIA increased by 255% over 34 years, from 3285 ha in 1972 to 11,652 ha in 2006. This approach demonstrates the unique value of the 35 year Landsat archive for monitoring impervious surface trends in rapidly urbanizing areas. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Powell, Scott L.; Cohen, Warren B.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yang, Zhiqiang] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pierce, John D.] Washington State Dept Fish & Wildlife, Nat Resources Bldg, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Alberti, Marina] Univ Washington, Dept Urban Design & Planning, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Powell, SL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW JeffersonWay, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM scottpowell@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 72 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 4 BP 1895 EP 1908 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.09.010 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 288BP UT WOS:000254961500048 ER PT J AU Lawrence, PK Nelson, WR Liu, WG Knowles, DP Foreyt, WJ Srikumaran, S AF Lawrence, Paulraj K. Nelson, Whitney R. Liu, Weiguo Knowles, Donald P. Foreyt, William J. Srikumaran, Subramaniam TI beta(2) integrin Mae-1 is a receptor for Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin on bovine and ovine leukocytes SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mannheimia haemolytica; leukotoxin; receptor; Mac-1; cattle; domestic sheep; bighorn sheep ID PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; INDUCED CYTOLYSIS; DOMESTIC SHEEP; CD18; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; INTEGRINS; BINDING AB Pneumonia caused by Mannheimia haemolytica is an important disease of cattle (130), domestic sheep (DS, Ovis aries) and bighorn sheep (BHS, Ovis canadensis). Leukotoxin (Lkt) produced by M. haemolytica is cytolytic to all leukocyte subsets of these three species. Although it is certain that CD18, the beta subunit of beta(2) integrins, mediates Lkt-induced cytolysis of leukocytes, whether CD18 of all three beta(2) integrins, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18), mediates Lkt-induced cytolysis of BO, DS and BHS leukocytes remains a controversy. Based on antibody inhibition experiments, earlier studies suggested that LFA-1, but not Mac-1 and CR-4, serves as a receptor for M. haemolytica Lkt. PMNs express all three 32 integrins, and they are the leukocyte subset that is most susceptible to Lkt. Therefore we hypothesized that all three beta(2) integrins serve as the receptor for Lkt. The objective of this study was to determine whether Mac-1 of BO, DS and BHS serves as a receptor for Lkt. cDNAs for CD11b of BO, DS and BHS were transfected into a Lkt-non-susceptible cell line along with cDNAs for CD18 of BO, DS and BHS, respectively. Transfectants stably expressing BO, DS or BHS Mac-1 specifically bound Lkt. These transfectants were lysed by Lkt in a concentration-dependent manner. Increase in intracellular [Ca2+](i) was observed in transfectants following exposure to low concentrations of Lkt indicating signal transduction through secondary messengers. Collectively, these results indicate that Mac-1 from these three species serves as a receptor for M. haemolytica Lkt. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lawrence, Paulraj K.; Nelson, Whitney R.; Liu, Weiguo; Knowles, Donald P.; Foreyt, William J.; Srikumaran, Subramaniam] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.] USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Srikumaran, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ssrikumaran@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 122 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.12.005 PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 293HF UT WOS:000255325600010 PM 18262657 ER PT J AU Hill, NJ Dubey, JP Vogelnest, L Power, ML Deane, EM AF Hill, N. J. Dubey, J. P. Vogelnest, L. Power, M. L. Deane, E. M. TI Do free-ranging common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) play a role in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii within a zoo environment? SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; urban wildlife; possum; disease transmission; Trichosurus vulpecula ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; PROCYON-LOTOR; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; ANIMALS; URBAN; SEROPREVALENCE; POPULATION; AUSTRALIA; PATHOGENS AB To investigate the possible role of common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii within a zoo environment, a serological survey of a free-ranging population resident within Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia was undertaken using the modified agglutination test (MAT). For comparison, the seroprevalence of T gondii antibodies was also assessed in a possum population inhabiting a felid-free, non-urban woodland habitat. Six of 126 possums (4.8%) from the zoo population had antibodies to T gondii with a MAT titre of 25 or higher, while in contrast, all of the 17 possums from woodland were seronegative. These observations suggest that possums were at a higher risk of exposure to the parasite as a consequence of coexisting with domestic, stray and captive felids associated with urbanisation. Screening of captive felids at the zoo indicated 16 of 23 individuals (67%) and all 6 species were seropositive for T gondii, implicating them as a possible source of the parasite within the zoo setting. In addition captive, non-felid carnivores including the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), dingo (Canis lupis) and leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) were tested for the presence of T gondii antibodies as these species predate and are a leading cause of death amongst zoo possums. In total, 5 of 23 individuals (22%) were seropositive, representing 2 of the 4 carnivorous species; the dingo and chimpanzee. These data suggest that carnivory was not a highly efficient pathway for the transmission of T gondii and the free-ranging possum population posed minimal threat to the health of zoo animals. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hill, N. J.; Power, M. L.; Deane, E. M.] Macquarie Univ, Div Environm & Life Sci, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vogelnest, L.] Taronga Zoo Vet & Quarantine Ctr, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia. RP Deane, EM (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Div Environm & Life Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Epping Rd, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. EM edeane@els.mq.edu.au RI Hill, Nichola/G-4003-2011 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 152 IS 3-4 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.01.002 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 288DJ UT WOS:000254966100004 PM 18281157 ER PT J AU Rachinsky, A Guerrero, FD Scoles, GA AF Rachinsky, Anna Guerrero, Felix D. Scoles, Glen A. TI Proteomic profiling of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus midgut responses to infection with Babesia bovis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; Babesia bovis; proteome; differential protein expression; midgut; mass spectrometry; host-parasite interaction; signaling; metabolism ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; TICK HAEMAPHYSALIS-LONGICORNIS; TIME BOMB MODEL; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CDNA CLONING; CATTLE TICK; OLIGOSACCHARYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ASPARAGINYL ENDOPEPTIDASE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE-RESISTANT AB Differences in protein expression in midgut tissue of uninfected and Babesia bovis-infected southern cattle ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, were investigated in an effort to establish a proteome database containing proteins involved in successful pathogen transmission. The electrophoretic separation of midgut membrane proteins was greatly improved by using liquid-phase isoelectric focusing combined with one-dimensional or two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. A selection of differentially expressed proteins were subjected to analysis by capillary-HPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Among the identified Babesia-affected tick midgut proteins were six proteins that are implicated in signaling processes, including three Ca2+-binding proteins, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein, a protein with signal peptide activity and a translocon-associated receptor protein. Up-regulation of five metabolic enzymes indicated parasite-induced changes in electron and proton transport, protein processing and retinoic acid metabolism. Among the down-regulated proteins were a molecular chaperone, a cytoskeletal protein and a multifunctional protein of the prohibitin family. Identification of these proteins may provide new insights into the molecular interactions between B. bovis and its tick vector, and could lead to identification of anti-tick and transmission-blocking vaccine candidates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rachinsky, Anna; Guerrero, Felix D.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Scoles, Glen A.] USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rachinsky, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Anna.Rachinsky@ars.usda.gov NR 77 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 152 IS 3-4 BP 294 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.027 PG 20 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 288DJ UT WOS:000254966100016 PM 18243558 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT Wallet, B Coy, S AF Vogt, James T. Wallet, Bradley Coy, Steven TI Dynamic thermal structure of imported fire ant mounds SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermography; remote sensing; insolation; nest architecture; Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis richteri ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; FORMICIDAE MOUNDS; HYMENOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; NESTS; SIZE AB A study was undertaken to characterize surface temperatures of mounds of imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and S. richteri Forel, and their hybrid, as it relates to sun position and shape of the mounds, to better understand factors that affect absorption of solar radiation by the nest mound and to test feasibility of using thermal infrared imagery to remotely sense mounds. Mean mound surface temperature peaked shortly after solar noon and exceeded mean surface temperature of the surrounding surface. Temperature range for mounds and their surroundings peaked near solar noon, and the temperature range of the mound surface exceeded that of the surrounding area. The temperature difference between mounds and their surroundings peaked around solar noon and ranged from about 2 to 10 C. Quadratic trends relating temperature measurements to time of day (expressed as percentage of daylight hours from apparent sunrise to apparent sunset) explained 77 to 88% of the variation in the data. Mounds were asymmetrical, with the apex offset on average 81.5 +/- 1.2 mm to the north of the average center. South facing aspects were about 20% larger than north facing aspects. Mound surface aspect and slope affected surface temperature; this affect was greatly influenced by time of day. Thermal infrared imagery was used to illustrate the effect of mound shape on surface temperature. These results indicate that the temperature differences between mounds and their surroundings are sufficient for detection using thermal infrared remote sensing, and predictable temporal changes in surface temperature may be useful for classifying mounds in images. C1 [Vogt, James T.; Coy, Steven] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wallet, Bradley] Automated Decis LLC, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jvogt@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; bwallet@automateddecisions.com NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD APR 14 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 31 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 289SF UT WOS:000255073500001 ER PT J AU Fernyhough, ME Hausman, GJ Guan, LL Okine, E Moore, SS Dodson, MV AF Fernyhough, M. E. Hausman, G. J. Guan, L. L. Okine, E. Moore, S. S. Dodson, M. V. TI Mature adipocytes may be a source of stem cells for tissue engineering SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Review DE adipose tissue; stromal vascular fraction; mature adipocyte proliferation; mature adipocytes; dedifferentiation in vitro; tissue regeneration; stem cells ID UNILOCULAR FAT-CELLS; STROMAL CELLS; CULTURE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Adipose tissue contains a large portion of stem cells. These cells appear morphologically like fibroblasts and are primarily derived from the stromal cell fraction. Mature (lipid-filled) adipocytes possess the ability to become proliferative cells and have been shown to produce progeny cells that possess the same morphological (fibroblast-like) appearance as the stem cells from the stromal fraction. A closer examination of mature adipocyte-derived progeny cells may prove to be an emerging area of growth/metabolic physiology that may modify present thinking about adipose tissue renewal capabilities. Knowledge of these cells may also prove beneficial in cell-based therapies for tissue repair, regeneration, or engineering. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fernyhough, M. E.; Dodson, M. V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hausman, G. J.] USDA, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Guan, L. L.; Okine, E.; Moore, S. S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. RP Dodson, MV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, POB 646310, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dodson@wsu.edu RI Dodson, Michael/A-6814-2012; Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013 NR 21 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 368 IS 3 BP 455 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.113 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 273JJ UT WOS:000253925900001 PM 18252194 ER PT J AU Abraltiene, A Zhao, Y Hammond, R AF Abraltiene, Asta Zhao, Yan Hammond, Rosemarie TI Nuclear targeting by fragmentation of the Potato spindle tuber viroid genome SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE viroid; nucleus; potato virus x; GFP; PSTVd; hairpin 1 : central conserved region; nuclear localization ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; RNA; REPLICATION; REVEALS; INFECTIVITY; INVOLVEMENT; MOVEMENT; COMPLEX; PROTEIN; VIRUS AB Transient expression of engineered reporter RNAs encoding an intron-containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) from a Potato virus X-based expression vector previously demonstrated the nuclear targeting capability of the 359 nucleotide Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) RNA genome. To further delimit the putative nuclear-targeting signal, PSTVd subgenornic fragments were embedded within the intron, and recombinant reporter RNAs were inoculated onto Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Appearance of green fluorescence in leaf tissue inoculated with PSTVd-fragment-containing constructs indicated shuttling of the RNA into the nucleus by fragments as short as 80 nucleotides in length. Plant-to-plant variation in the timing of intron removal and subsequent GFP fluorescence was observed; however, earliest and most abundant GFP expression was obtained with constructs containing the conserved hairpin I palindrome structure and embedded upper central conserved region. Our results suggest that this conserved sequence and/or the stem-loop structure it forms is sufficient for import of PSTVd into the nucleus. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Abraltiene, Asta; Zhao, Yan; Hammond, Rosemarie] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Abraltiene, Asta] Inst Biotechnol, Eukaryote Genet Engn Lab, Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Hammond, R (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Room 214 Bldg 004 BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rose.hammond@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 368 IS 3 BP 470 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.043 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 273JJ UT WOS:000253925900004 PM 18211806 ER PT J AU Datema, E Mueller, LA Buels, R Giovannoni, JJ Visser, RGF Stiekema, WJ van Ham, RCHJ AF Datema, Erwin Mueller, Lukas A. Buels, Robert Giovannoni, James J. Visser, Richard G. F. Stiekema, Willem J. van Ham, Roeland C. H. J. TI Comparative BAC end sequence analysis of tomato and potato reveals overrepresentation of specific gene families in potato SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPLAST GENOME SEQUENCES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; DRAFT SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; DATABASE; MAPS; ORGANIZATION; RICE; MICROSATELLITES AB Background: Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicon) and potato ( S. tuberosum) are two economically important crop species, the genomes of which are currently being sequenced. This study presents a first genome-wide analysis of these two species, based on two large collections of BAC end sequences representing approximately 19% of the tomato genome and 10% of the potato genome. Results: The tomato genome has a higher repeat content than the potato genome, primarily due to a higher number of retrotransposon insertions in the tomato genome. On the other hand, simple sequence repeats are more abundant in potato than in tomato. The two genomes also differ in the frequency distribution of SSR motifs. Based on EST and protein alignments, potato appears to contain up to 6,400 more putative coding regions than tomato. Major gene families such as cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases and serine-threonine protein kinases are significantly overrepresented in potato, compared to tomato. Moreover, the P450 superfamily appears to have expanded spectacularly in both species compared to Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting an expanded network of secondary metabolic pathways in the Solanaceae. Both tomato and potato appear to have a low level of microsynteny with A. thaliana. A higher degree of synteny was observed with Populus trichocarpa, specifically in the region between 15.2 and 19.4 Mb on P. trichocarpa chromosome 10. Conclusion: The findings in this paper present a first glimpse into the evolution of Solanaceous genomes, both within the family and relative to other plant species. When the complete genome sequences of these species become available, whole-genome comparisons and protein- or repeat-family specific studies may shed more light on the observations made here. C1 [Datema, Erwin; van Ham, Roeland C. H. J.] Plant Res Int, Appl Bioinformat, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Datema, Erwin; Stiekema, Willem J.; van Ham, Roeland C. H. J.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Lab Bioinformat, NL-6703 HA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Mueller, Lukas A.; Buels, Robert] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Visser, Richard G. F.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Lab Plant Breeding, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands. [Stiekema, Willem J.] Ctr BioSyst Genom CBSG, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP van Ham, RCHJ (reprint author), Plant Res Int, Appl Bioinformat, POB 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM erwin.datema@wur.nl; lam87@cornell.edu; rmb32@cornell.edu; jjg33@cornell.edu; richard.visser@wur.nl; willem.stiekema@wur.nl; roeland.vanham@wur.nl RI Mueller, Lukas/E-8840-2011; Visser, Richard/B-3423-2012 OI Visser, Richard/0000-0002-0213-4016 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 34 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-8-34 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 291DR UT WOS:000255173800001 PM 18405374 ER PT J AU Drouet, JL Kiniry, JR AF Drouet, J. -L. Kiniry, J. R. TI Does spatial arrangement of 3D plants affect light transmission and extinction coefficient within maize crops? SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 3D plant architecture; light extinction coefficient; light transmission fraction; maize; row spacing; time integration ID RADIATION INTERCEPTION; GRAIN-YIELD; CORN; ROW; CANOPIES; EFFICIENCY; GEOMETRY; WIDTH; MODEL AB Row spacing effects on light interception and extinction coefficient have been inconsistent for maize (Zea mays L.) when calculated with field measurements. To avoid inconsistencies due to variable light conditions and variable leaf canopies, we used a model to describe three-dimensional (3D) shoot structures combined with a model of 3D light transfer. The MODICA model mimics 3D shoot structures of maize plants from digitizations in the field and makes it possible to simulate associated hypothetical canopies by re-arranging plants into different row spacings. All row spacings examined with the model had 10 plants m(-2). By using the light model RTRI, simulations showed the relative importance of development stage and time integration on fraction of light transmitted and on the extinction coefficient. Narrow row spacings consistently had less transmitted light and greater values of extinction coefficient. This modelling tool shows promise to effectively evaluate row spacing to optimize light interception. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Drouet, J. -L.] INRA, AgroParisTech Environm & Grandes Cultures, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. [Kiniry, J. R.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Drouet, JL (reprint author), INRA, AgroParisTech Environm & Grandes Cultures, BP 01, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. EM Jean-Louis.Drouet@grignon.inra.fr NR 28 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 107 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2007.12.015 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 284HC UT WOS:000254696500006 ER PT J AU Herndl, M White, JW Hunt, LA Graeff, S Claupein, W AF Herndl, Markus White, Jeffrey W. Hunt, L. A. Graeff, Simone Claupein, Wilhelm TI Field-based evaluation of vernalization requirement, photoperiod response and earliness per se in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (vol 105, pg 193, 2008) SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Herndl, Markus; Graeff, Simone; Claupein, Wilhelm] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Crop Prod & Grassland Res 340, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [White, Jeffrey W.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Herndl, M (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Crop Prod & Grassland Res 340, Fruwirthstr 23, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. EM rn-herndl@uni-hohenheim.de NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 107 IS 1 BP 87 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2007.12.012 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 284HC UT WOS:000254696500009 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, Norman E. TI Kerteszmyia, a new genus of Pachygastrinae from the Neotropical region (Diptera : Stratiomyidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA Welsh DT Article DE Kerteszmyia ecuadora; new species; Ecuador; Venezuela; Costa Rica; taxonomy AB A new genus and species, Kerteszmyia ecuadora gen. nov., sp. nov., (Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Pachygastrinae) is described from material from Ecuador (type locality), Venezuela, and Costa Rica. A key to the known Neotropical genera of Pachygastrinae with two or more scutellar spines is presented. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entamol Lab, PSI, Care of Smithsonian Inst NHB 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entamol Lab, PSI, Care of Smithsonian Inst NHB 168, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 11 PY 2008 IS 1746 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 288GX UT WOS:000254975400003 ER PT J AU Hollister, JR Vagnozzi, A Knowles, NJ Rieder, E AF Hollister, Jason R. Vagnozzi, Ariel Knowles, Nick J. Rieder, Elizabeth TI Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of bovine rhinovirus type 2 shows it is closely related to foot-and-mouth disease virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL RIBOSOMAL ENTRY; TRANSLATION INITIATION-FACTOR; CAP-INDEPENDENT TRANSLATION; ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS; PICORNAVIRUS RNA; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; BINDING PROTEIN; LEADER PROTEIN; IN-VITRO; A VIRUS AB Bovine rhinovirus 2 (BRV2), a causative agent of respiratory disease in cattle, is tentatively assigned to the genus Rhinovirus in the family Picornaviridae. A nearly full-length cDNA of the BRV2 genome was cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. BRV2 possesses a putative leader proteinase, a small 2A protein and a poly(C) tract, which are characteristic of aphthoviruses. Alignment of BRV-2 and FMDV polyproteins showed that 41% of amino acids were identical within the PI region. Furthermore, 2A, 2C, 3B(3), 3C and 3D proteins are as much as 67%, 52%, 52%, 50%, and 64% identical, respectively. BRV2 leader protein is rapidly released from the viral polyprotein and cleaves eIF4G at a rate similar to FMDV leader protemase, suggesting a functional relationship between the leader protein in these viruses. The results suggest that BRV2 is closely related to FMDV and should therefore be considered as a new species within the genus Aphthovirus. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hollister, Jason R.; Vagnozzi, Ariel; Rieder, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Knowles, Nick J.] Inst Food Res, Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. RP Rieder, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM elizabeth.rieder@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 373 IS 2 BP 411 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.12.019 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 280QY UT WOS:000254442500016 PM 18201745 ER PT J AU Khrimian, A Lance, DR Schwarz, M Leonhardt, BA Mastro, VC AF Khrimian, Ashot Lance, David R. Schwarz, Meier Leonhardt, Barbara A. Mastro, Victor C. TI Sex pheromone of browntail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhea (L.): Synthesis and field deployment SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE browntail moth; Euproctis chrysorrhea; pheromone; synthesis; field trapping ID L LEPIDOPTERA; TAIL MOTH; LYMANTRIIDAE; ALCOHOLS AB The browntail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhea (L.), is native to Eurasia, where periodic outbreaks result in defoliation of forest, shade, and ornamental trees. In addition to the damage caused by defoliation, human contact with larval urticating hairs often results in severe dermatitis. Hence, tools for monitoring and controlling the moth populations are desirable. The female-produced sex pheromone of the browntail moth was identified previously, but the synthesis had not been published. This paper reports the synthesis of the pheromone of the browntail moth, (7Z,13Z, 16Z,19Z)-docosatetraenyl isobutyrate, using in a key step a Wittig olefination of (62)-13-(tetrahydo-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)tridecenal. Field trapping studies were conducted with rubber septa and string formulations of the pheromone and included dose-response, pheromone purity, and dispenser-aging trials. It was found that traps baited with 250 mu g of pheromone of 91-94% isomeric purity (main impurity presumably being the 13E isomer) on rubber septa are suitable for monitoring moth populations during the entire flight season. C1 [Khrimian, Ashot; Schwarz, Meier; Leonhardt, Barbara A.] USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lance, David R.; Mastro, Victor C.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST Otis Lab, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. RP Khrimian, A (reprint author), USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, ARS, Bldg 007,Room 301,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ashot.khrimiaa@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 7 BP 2452 EP 2456 DI 10.1021/jf073161w PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 283KZ UT WOS:000254636400023 PM 18333615 ER PT J AU Inamdar, AK French, A Hook, S Vaughan, G Luckett, W AF Inamdar, Anand K. French, Andrew Hook, Simon Vaughan, Greg Luckett, William TI Land surface temperature retrieval at high spatial and temporal resolutions over the southwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRACK SCANNING RADIOMETER; SATELLITE DATA; EMISSIVITY; MODIS; SPACE; TRANSPIRATION; VEGETATION; ALGORITHM; RADIATION; CLOUDS AB Land surface temperature ( LST) and its diurnal variation are important when evaluating climate change, land-atmosphere energy exchange, and the global hydrological cycle. These characteristics are observable from satellites using thermal infrared measurements, but doing so at both high spatial and temporal resolutions has been difficult. Accurate temporal and spatial knowledge of LST is critical in global-scale hydrological assimilation to improve estimates of soil moisture and evapotranspiration. Historically, satellite retrieval of global LST at high spatial resolutions ( 1 km) has relied on NOAA polar-orbiting satellites recently augmented by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) data on board the Earth Observing System ( EOS). Each satellite instrument in a polar orbit typically provides one to two observations per day. High temporal sampling of LST is achievable with geostationary satellites but at spatial resolutions is too coarse to distinguish different land surface types ( 4-5 km) and with lower accuracy. We describe an approach which employs MODIS data as a calibration source for Geostationary Environmental Satellite ( GOES) data, then uses both data sets to yield half-hourly LST values, at 1 km spatial resolution, and returns LST with an accuracy better than 2 degrees C. The approach requires good cloud clearing, atmospheric correction, and an underlying LST model to propagate values between observations. Retrieved LST against ground truth data indicate the approach is accurate to about 2 degrees C. C1 [Inamdar, Anand K.; French, Andrew; Luckett, William] USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Hook, Simon; Vaughan, Greg] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Inamdar, AK (reprint author), USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM anand.inamdar@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 9 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D7 AR D07107 DI 10.1029/2007JD009048 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 289TD UT WOS:000255075900006 ER PT J AU Gilbert, C Kuenen, LPS AF Gilbert, Cole Kuenen, L. P. S. TI Multimodal integration: Visual cues help odor-seeking fruit flies SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIFFERENT HEIGHTS; PHEROMONE PLUMES; UPWIND FLIGHT; MOTHS; STRATEGIES; ANEMOTAXIS; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; SPEED C1 [Gilbert, Cole] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kuenen, L. P. S.] USDA, ARS, SJVASC, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Gilbert, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cg23@cornell.edu; bas.kuenen@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD APR 8 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 7 BP R295 EP R297 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.020 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 286KY UT WOS:000254846000015 PM 18397737 ER PT J AU Fowler, VL Paton, DJ Rieder, E Barnett, PV AF Fowler, V. L. Paton, D. J. Rieder, E. Barnett, P. V. TI Chimeric foot-and-mouth disease viruses: Evaluation of their efficacy as potential marker vaccines in cattle SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease; vaccine; VP1 G-H loop; protection; marker vaccines ID NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; EMERGENCY VACCINATION; CARRIER STATE; FMD VACCINES; REAL-TIME; E-RNS; ANTIBODIES; PROTECTION; INFECTION; TRANSCOMPLEMENTATION AB Previous work in pigs, has demonstrated that full protection against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) can be achieved following vaccination with chimeric foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines, in which the VP1 G-H loop had been substituted with that from another serotype. If proven to be effective in other economically important species such as cattle, such vaccine constructs could be trialed as potential marker vaccines. Here, we determine if G-H loop chimera FMDV vaccines can: (i) protect cattle from virus challenge and (ii) induce an antibody response that would enable the identification of infection, regardless of vaccination status. Inactivated, oil adjuvanated, chimeric vaccine constructs, based on the backbone sequence of the A(12)119 serotype virus, fully protected cattle from challenge 21 days post-vaccination. Differentiation assays developed for use in this study were able to identify sub-clinical infection, which in one vaccinated animal, persisted beyond day 32 post-challenge. This paper emphasises the importance of epitopes outside of the VP1 G-H Loop for protective immunity in cattle, and demonstrates that chimeric FMDV vaccines could prove to be useful marker vaccines for the future. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fowler, V. L.; Paton, D. J.; Barnett, P. V.] Inst Food Res, Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. [Rieder, E.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Fowler, VL (reprint author), Inst Food Res, Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Ash Rd, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. EM veronica.fowler@bbsrc.ac.uk FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council NR 31 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 7 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 16 BP 1982 EP 1989 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.012 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 292LK UT WOS:000255267300009 PM 18342409 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Shier, W AF Abbas, Hamed K. Shier, Wayne TI AGFD 66-Approaches to reducing mycotoxin contamination in food products SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Abbas, Hamed K.] ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, USDA, NBCL, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shier, Wayne] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM hamed.abbas@ars.usda.gov; shier001@umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 66-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100193 ER PT J AU Accinelli, C Abbas, HK Zablotowicz, RM Maini, S Vicari, A AF Accinelli, Cesare, Sr. Abbas, Hamed K. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Maini, Stefano Vicari, Alberto, Sr. TI AGFD 83-Role of Ostrinia nubilalis in vectoring Aspergillus flavus in a corn field in northern Italy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Abbas, Hamed K.] ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, USDA, NBCL, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Zablotowicz, Robert M.] ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Accinelli, Cesare, Sr.; Maini, Stefano; Vicari, Alberto, Sr.] Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM cesare.accinelli@unibo.it; hamed.abbas@rs.usda.gov; rzablotowicz@ars.usda.gov; stefano.maini@unibo.it; alberto.vicari@unibo.it RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 83-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100190 ER PT J AU Accinelli, C Abbas, HK Zablotowicz, RM Wilkinson, JR AF Accinelli, Cesare, Sr. Abbas, Hamed K. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Wilkinson, Jeffrey R. TI AGFD 132-Use of a granular bioplastic formulation (Mater-Bi (R)) for carrying spores of a nonaflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Accinelli, Cesare, Sr.] Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, Bologna, Italy. [Abbas, Hamed K.] ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, USDA, NBCL, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Zablotowicz, Robert M.] ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wilkinson, Jeffrey R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM cesare.accinelli@unibo.it; hamed.abbas@ars.usda.gov; rzablotowicz@ars.usda.gov; JWilkinson@BCH.msstate.edu RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 132-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100191 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP Sabo, RC Reiner, RS Clemons, CM AF Agarwal, Umesh P. Sabo, Ronald C. Reiner, Richard S. Clemons, Craig M. TI CELL 185-Characterization of cellulose based materials by confocal Raman imaging: Wood cell wall and nanocellulose-polypropylene composite SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Agarwal, Umesh P.; Sabo, Ronald C.; Reiner, Richard S.; Clemons, Craig M.] USDA, FS Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM uagarwal@fs.fed.us; rsabo@fs.fed.us; rreiner@fs.fed.us; cclemons@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 185-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101280 ER PT J AU Anandan, D Savary, BJ Vasu, P Smigocki, AC Puthoff, DP Nunez, A AF Anandan, Dayandan Savary, Brett J. Vasu, Prasanna Smigocki, Ann C. Puthoff, David P. Nunez, Alberto TI AGFD 54-Prospecting in sugar beet roots for defensive proteins and cell wall-active enzymes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Anandan, Dayandan; Savary, Brett J.; Vasu, Prasanna] Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Smigocki, Ann C.; Puthoff, David P.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nunez, Alberto] ARS, ERRC, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM danandan@astate.edu; BSAVARY@astate.edu; pvasu@astate.edu; ann.smigocki@ars.usda.gov; alberto.nunez@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 54-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100272 ER PT J AU Antoine, A Eggleston, G AF Antoine, April Eggleston, Gillian TI CARB 51-New insights on hard to boil massecuites in the sugarcane Industry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Antoine, April] USDA ARS SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Eggleston, Gillian] So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 51-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101128 ER PT J AU Appell, M AF Appell, Michael TI AGFD 49-Density functional study of patulin at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Appell, Michael] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM michael.appell@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 49-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100283 ER PT J AU Appell, M Maragos, CM AF Appell, Michael Maragos, Chris M. TI AGFD 129-A closer look at cyclodextrins in mycotoxin analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Appell, Michael; Maragos, Chris M.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM michael.appell@ars.usda.gov; chris.maragos@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 129-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100266 ER PT J AU Arnold, J Edwards, JV AF Arnold, Judy Edwards, J. Vincent TI AGFD 88-A comparison of volatile organic compound profiles from bacteria on poultry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Arnold, Judy] USDA ARS RRC, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Edwards, J. Vincent] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM judy.arnold@ars.usda.gov; vedwards@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 88-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100258 ER PT J AU Auad, ML Mosiewicki, MA Richardson, T Mattoso, LHC Orts, WJ Marcovich, NE Aranguren, MI AF Auad, Maria L. Mosiewicki, Mirna A. Richardson, Tara Mattoso, Luiz H. C. Orts, William J. Marcovich, Norma E. Aranguren, Mirta I. TI CELL 72-Shape memory polyurethanes reinforced with electrically conductive cellulose nanocrystals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Auad, Maria L.; Mosiewicki, Mirna A.; Richardson, Tara] Auburn Univ, Polymer & Fiber Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] EMBRAPA, Instrumentacao Agropecuaria, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Orts, William J.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Marcovich, Norma E.; Aranguren, Mirta I.] Univ Mar del Plata, Inst Mat Sci & Technol, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. EM auad@auburn.edu; mam0014@auburn.edu; mattoso@cnpdia.embrapa.br; orts@pw.usda.gov; marcovic@fi.mdp.edu.ar; marangur@fi.mdp.edu.ar RI Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 72-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101400 ER PT J AU Beier, RC Anderson, RC Krueger, NA Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Nisbet, DJ AF Beier, Ross C. Anderson, Robin C. Krueger, Nathan A. Edrington, Thomas S. Callaway, Todd R. Nisbet, David J. TI AGFD 52-Effect of nitroethane and nitroethanol on indole and skatole production in swine feces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Beier, Ross C.; Anderson, Robin C.; Krueger, Nathan A.; Edrington, Thomas S.; Callaway, Todd R.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM RCBeier@ffsru.tamu.edu; anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu; krueger@ffsru.tamu.edu; edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu; callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu; d-nisbet@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 52-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100233 ER PT J AU Brown, RL Chen, ZY Cleveland, TE Menkir, A AF Brown, Robert L. Chen, Zhi-Yuan Cleveland, Thomas E. Menkir, Abebe TI AGFD 71-Identification of maize breeding markers through investigations of proteins associated with aflatoxin-resistance SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Brown, Robert L.; Cleveland, Thomas E.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Chen, Zhi-Yuan] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Menkir, Abebe] Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM rbrown@srrc.ars.usda.gov; zchen@agcenter.lsu.edu; eclevela@srrc.ars.usda.gov; abebe.menkir@cgiar.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 71-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100287 ER PT J AU Busman, M Kendra, DF AF Busman, Mark Kendra, David F. TI AGFD 117-Determination of fumonisin mycotoxins in ethanol by-products by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Busman, Mark; Kendra, David F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mark.busman@ars.usda.gov; David.Kendra@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 117-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100248 ER PT J AU Campbell, BC Kim, JH Yu, J Mahoney, N Faria, NG Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE May, GS Nierman, WC AF Campbell, Bruce C. Kim, Jong H. Yu, Jiujiang Mahoney, Noreen Faria, Natalia G. Chan, Kathleen L. Molyneux, Russell J. Bhatnagar, Deepak Cleveland, Thomas E. May, Gregory S. Nierman, William C. TI AGFD 84-Using chemogenomics to elucidate the functional genomics of mycotoxigenesis and resistance to antifungal agents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Campbell, Bruce C.; Kim, Jong H.; Mahoney, Noreen; Chan, Kathleen L.; Molyneux, Russell J.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Yu, Jiujiang; Bhatnagar, Deepak] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Faria, Natalia G.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Hyg & Trop Med, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. [Cleveland, Thomas E.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [May, Gregory S.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Pathol & Lab Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Nierman, William C.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM bcc@pw.usda.gov; jhkim@pw.usda.gov; jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov; mahoney@pw.usda.gov; natalia.faria@clix.pt; kchan@pw.usda.gov; molyneux@pw.usda.gov; eclevela@nola.srrc.usda.gov; gsmay@manderson.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 84-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100265 ER PT J AU Cary, JW Calvo, AM AF Cary, Jeffrey W. Calvo, Ana M. TI AGFD 85-Regulation of mycotoxin production and development in Aspergillus flavus SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cary, Jeffrey W.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Calvo, Ana M.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM jcary@srrc.ars.usda.gov; amcalvo@niu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 85-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100203 ER PT J AU Chang, SC Condon, B Prevost, N AF Chang, SeChin Condon, Brian Prevost, Nicolette TI CELL 162-New development of polymer-based cotton for breathable material SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chang, SeChin; Condon, Brian; Prevost, Nicolette] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM schang@srrc.ars.usda.gov; bcondon@srrc.ars.usda.gov; nprevost@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 162-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101374 ER PT J AU Cleveland, TE Yu, JJ Nierman, WC Bhatnagar, D Payne, GA AF Cleveland, Thomas E. Yu, Jiujiang Nierman, William C. Bhatnagar, Deepak Payne, Gary A. TI AGFD 80-Aspergillus flavus genomics for development of strategies to interrupt aflatoxin formation and discovery of fungal cell wall degrading enzymes for industrial use SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cleveland, Thomas E.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Yu, Jiujiang; Bhatnagar, Deepak] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Nierman, William C.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Payne, Gary A.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM eclevela@srrc.ars.usda.gov; jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 80-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100284 ER PT J AU Cote, G Leathers, TD Eggleston, G AF Cote, Gregory Leathers, Timothy D. Eggleston, Gillian TI CARB 97-Glucans, biofilms and sugar: A biochemical and practical perspective SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cote, Gregory] NCAUR ARS USDA, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Eggleston, Gillian] SRRC ARS USDA, Commod Utilizat Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM greg.cote@ars.usda.gov; gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 97-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101092 ER PT J AU Csonka, GI French, AD Johnson, GP AF Csonka, Gabor I. French, Alfred D. Johnson, Glenn P. TI CARB 23-Efficient electron density functionals and basis sets for carbohydrates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Csonka, Gabor I.] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Analyt & Inorgan Chem Dept, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. [French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM csonkagi@gmail.com; afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov; gjohnson@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 23-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101087 ER PT J AU Dearfield, KL AF Dearfield, Kerry L. TI AGFD 151-Dealing with intentional and unintentional contaminants in meat and poultry products regulated by the USDA/FSIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dearfield, Kerry L.] USDA, FSIS, OPHS, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM kerry.dearfield@fsis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 151-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100320 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE AF Desjardins, Anne E. TI AGFD 87-Mycotoxin chemistry meets genetics: When is a genotype a chemotype? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Desjardins, Anne E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Anne.Desjardins@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 87-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100183 ER PT J AU Dooling, VR Filley, TR Stott, DE AF Dooling, Valerie R. Filley, Timothy R. Stott, Diane E. TI CHED 800-Comparison of the activity of beta glucosidase and poly-phenol oxidase in woody and grassy soils in La Copita, Texas SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dooling, Valerie R.; Filley, Timothy R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Stott, Diane E.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM vdooling@purdue.edu; filley@purdue.edu; Diane.Stott@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 800-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102463 ER PT J AU Dorner, JW AF Dorner, Joe W. TI AGFD 73-Control and prevention of mycotoxins in peanuts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dorner, Joe W.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM Joe.Dorner@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 73-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100189 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, TL Elder, T Pesacreta, TC AF Eberhardt, Thomas L. Elder, Thomas Pesacreta, Thomas C. TI CELL 289-Stone cells in southern pine bark: Architecture and cell wall chemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Eberhardt, Thomas L.; Elder, Thomas] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Pesacreta, Thomas C.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Microscopy Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM teberhardt@fs.fed.us; telder@fs.fed.us; thomas@louisiana.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 289-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101263 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Howley, PS Condon, B Prevost, NT Goheen, S Arnold, J Diegelmann, RF AF Edwards, J. Vincent Howley, Phyllis S. Condon, Brian Prevost, Nicolette T. Goheen, Steven Arnold, Judy Diegelmann, Robert F. TI CELL 163-Modifications to cellulose as cotton-cased crotease-lowering and hemostatic wound agents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Edwards, J. Vincent; Howley, Phyllis S.; Condon, Brian; Prevost, Nicolette T.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Goheen, Steven] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Arnold, Judy] USDA ARS RRC, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Diegelmann, Robert F.] Wound Healing Inst, MCV VCU, Richmond, VA USA. EM vedwards@srrc.ars.usda.gov; phowley@srrc.ars.usda.gov; bcondon@srrc.ars.usda.gov; nprevost@srrc.ars.usda.gov; judy.arnold@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 163-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101398 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Legendre, B Amorim, H AF Eggleston, Gillian Legendre, Benjamin Amorim, Henrique TI CARB 98-Mannitol: A new chemical marker for the sugar industry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Eggleston, Gillian] ARS, Commod Utilizat Unit, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Legendre, Benjamin] Louisiana State Univ, Audubon Sugar Inst, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. [Amorim, Henrique] Fermentec SC Ltda, Jd Petropolis, Piracicaba, Brazil. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov; blegendre@agctr.lsu.edu; amorim@fermentec.com.br NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 98-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101075 ER PT J AU Elder, T AF Elder, Thomas TI CARB 27-Quantum chemical study on changes in structure and chemistry of lignin with energy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Elder, Thomas] ARS, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM telder@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 27-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101007 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP AF French, Alfred D. Johnson, Glenn P. TI CARB 42-Stability of two-fold screw axis structures for cellulose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [French, Alfred D.; Johnson, Glenn P.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov; gjohnson@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 42-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101077 ER PT J AU Grimm, CC AF Grimm, Casey C. TI AGFD 77-Analysis of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin by membrane assisted solvent extraction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Grimm, Casey C.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM cgrimm@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 77-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100200 ER PT J AU Holser, RA AF Holser, Ronald A. TI AGFD 9-Biocomposites prepared from fiber processing wastes and glycerol polyesters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Holser, Ronald A.] ARS, QASRU, USDA, RRC, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Ronald.Holser@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 9-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100232 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AT Liu, LS Peterson, JD Simkovic, I Fishman, ML Hicks, KB AF Hotchkiss, Arland T., Jr. Liu, LinShu Peterson, Joy Doran Simkovic, Ivan Fishman, Marshall L. Hicks, Kevin B. TI CARB 96-New biobased and biofuel products from sugar beets SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hotchkiss, Arland T., Jr.; Liu, LinShu; Fishman, Marshall L.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Peterson, Joy Doran] Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Simkovic, Ivan] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84238, Slovakia. EM arland.hotchkiss@ars.usda.gov; linshu.liu@ars.usda.gov; jpeterso@uga.edu; chemsimk@savba.sk; marshall.fishman@ars.usda.gov; kevin.hicks@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 96-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101052 ER PT J AU Kendra, DF Busman, M Inglett, GE AF Kendra, David F. Busman, Mark Inglett, George E. TI AGFD 69-Effect of industrial fractionation processes on the distribution of mycotoxins in ethanol by-products SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kendra, David F.; Busman, Mark] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Inglett, George E.] ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Kendra@ars.usda.gov; mark.busman@ars.usda.gov; george.inglett@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 69-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100201 ER PT J AU Kim, S AF Kim, Sanghoon TI AGFD 11-Conducting and nonconducting biopolymer composites produced by particle bonding SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kim, Sanghoon] USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Sanghoon.Kim@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 11-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100302 ER PT J AU Legendre, B Eggleston, G AF Legendre, Benjamin Eggleston, Gillian TI CARB 95-Recent developments in sugarcane agriculture that affect sugarcane and sugar quality SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Legendre, Benjamin] Louisiana State Univ, Audubon Sugar Inst, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. [Eggleston, Gillian] SRRC ARS USDA, Commod Utilizat Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM blegendre@agctr.lsu.edu; gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 95-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101089 ER PT J AU Lima, IM Klasson, TK AF Lima, Isabel M. Klasson, Thomas K. TI CELL 271-Analysis of trihalomethane adsorption by a broiler manure-based carbon using solid phase microextraction and purge and trap techniques SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lima, Isabel M.; Klasson, Thomas K.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM imlima@srrc.ars.usda.gov; tklasson@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 271-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101421 ER PT J AU McCormick, SP Desjardins, AE Alexander, NJ Appell, M AF McCormick, Susan P. Desjardins, Anne E. Alexander, Nancy J. Appell, Michael TI AGFD 145-Phytotoxicity of trichothecenes using Arabidopsis detached leaf and Chlamydomonas assays SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [McCormick, Susan P.; Desjardins, Anne E.; Alexander, Nancy J.; Appell, Michael] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61603 USA. EM Susan.McCormick@ars.usda.gov; Anne.Desjardins@ars.usda.gov; Nancy.Alexander@ars.usda.gov; Michael.appell@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 145-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100177 ER PT J AU Mizuno, CS Schrader, KK Rimando, AM AF Mizuno, Cassia S. Schrader, Kevin K. Rimando, Agnes M. TI AGFD 45-Algaecidal and bactericidal activity of natural and synthetic stilbenes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Mizuno, Cassia S.; Schrader, Kevin K.; Rimando, Agnes M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM cmizuno@olemiss.edu; kschrade@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 45-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100252 ER PT J AU Montalvo, JG AF Montalvo, Joseph G., Jr. TI CELL 190-Modeling of cotton NIR reflectance spectra SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Montalvo, Joseph G., Jr.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM montalvo@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 190-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101367 ER PT J AU Niemira, BA AF Niemira, Brendan A. TI AGFD 136-Inactivation of microbial contaminants in fresh produce SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Niemira, Brendan A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM brendan.niemira@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 136-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100184 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Tomasula, P AF Onwulata, Charles I. Tomasula, Peggy TI AGFD 29-Tensile and flexural properties of BM0 to BM20 biocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tomasula, Peggy] ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM conwulata@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 29-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100316 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Edwards, JV Condon, B Parikh, A AF Parikh, D. V. Edwards, J. Vincent Condon, Brian Parikh, Ad. TI CELL 31-Absorbent silver (I) antimicrobial dressings SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Parikh, D. V.; Edwards, J. Vincent; Condon, Brian] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Parikh, Ad.] St Barnabas Hosp, Dept Med, Livingston, NJ 07038 USA. EM parikh@srrc.ars.usda.gov; vedwards@srrc.ars.usda.gov; bcondon@srrc.ars.usga.gov; aparikh@SBHC.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 31-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101237 ER PT J AU Patananan, AN Edwards, JV Goheen, SC AF Patananan, Alexander N. Edwards, J. Vincent Goheen, Steven C. TI CELL 159-Comparison of two protein binding models to explain the surface-mediated unfolding kinetics of globular proteins on cellulose and polymer beads SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Patananan, Alexander N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Edwards, J. Vincent] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Goheen, Steven C.] Battelle NW, Chem & Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM uclageneticist@gmail.com; vedwards@srrc.ars.usda.gov; steve.goheen@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 159-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101192 ER PT J AU Pu, YQ Ziemer, C Ragauskas, AJ AF Pu, Yunqiao Ziemer, Cherie Ragauskas, Arthur J. TI AGFD 44-Structural characteristics and in vitro fermentation of various dietary fibers by pig fecal bacteria SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Pu, Yunqiao] Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ziemer, Cherie] ARS, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Sch Chem 3, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ragauskas, Arthur J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem 3, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM yunqiao.pu@ipst.gatech.edu; ziemer@nsric.ars.usda.gov; ragauskas@ipst.gatech.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 44-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100322 ER PT J AU Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Cleveland, TE AF Rajasekaran, K. Cary, Jeffery W. Cleveland, Thomas E. TI AGFD 82-Transgenic approaches to control preharvest contamination of mycotoxins in food and feed crops SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rajasekaran, K.; Cary, Jeffery W.; Cleveland, Thomas E.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM krajah@srrc.ars.usda.gov; jcary@srrc.ars.usda.gov; eclevela@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 82-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100197 ER PT J AU Richard, EP Tew, TL Cobill, RM Hale, AL AF Richard, Edward P., Jr. Tew, Thomas L. Cobill, Robert M. Hale, Anna L. TI CINF 65-Sugar crops as feedstocks for the biofuels industry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Richard, Edward P., Jr.; Tew, Thomas L.; Cobill, Robert M.; Hale, Anna L.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM erichard@srrc.ars.usda.gov; ttew@srrc.ars.usda.gov; rcobill@srrc.ars.usda.gov; ahale@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 65-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103244 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Nielsen, TH Leth, V Streibig, J AF Rimando, Agnes M. Nielsen, Troels H. Leth, Vibike Streibig, Jens TI AGFD 55-Screening for Striga germination stimulatory activity of Sorghum bicolor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rimando, Agnes M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Nielsen, Troels H.; Streibig, Jens] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Agr Sci, Fac Life Sci, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Leth, Vibike] Univ Copenhagen, Danish Seed Hlth Ctr Developing Countries, Fac Life Sci, DK-1871 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM arimando@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov; jcs@life.ku.dk RI Streibig, Jens Carl/G-5959-2014 OI Streibig, Jens Carl/0000-0002-6204-4004 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 55-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100264 ER PT J AU Rodgers, J Kang, SY Davidonis, G Martin, V Watson, M AF Rodgers, James Kang, Sho Yeung Davidonis, Gayle Martin, Vikki Watson, Michael TI CELL 188-Cotton micronaire measurements by portable NIR: From the laboratory to the field SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rodgers, James] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Kang, Sho Yeung] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Davidonis, Gayle] SRRC ARS USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Martin, Vikki; Watson, Michael] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27512 USA. EM skang@srrc.ars.usda.gov; davidon@srrc.ars.usda.gov; vmartin@cottoninc.com; mwatson@cottoninc.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 188-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101239 ER PT J AU Savary, BJ Vasu, P Nunez, A McColloum, TG Cameron, RG AF Savary, Brett J. Vasu, Prasanna Nunez, Alberto McColloum, T. Gregory Cameron, Randall G. TI AGFD 20-Structural identification and cloning of the thermally-tolerant pectin methylesterase purified from citrus fruit pulp SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Savary, Brett J.; Vasu, Prasanna] Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Nunez, Alberto] ARS, ERRC, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [McColloum, T. Gregory] ARS, US Hort Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Cameron, Randall G.] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, SAA, Winter Haven, FL 33882 USA. EM BSAVARY@astate.edu; pvasu@astate.edu; alberto.nunez@ars.usda.gov; greg.mccollum@ars.usda.gov; randall.cameron@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 20-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100270 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Willett, JL Bosma, WB Momany, FA AF Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Bosma, Wayne B. Momany, F. A. TI PHYS 526-Ab initio modeling of carbohydrates: On the proper selection of computational methods and basis sets SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Schnupf, Udo; Willett, J. L.; Momany, F. A.] Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bosma, Wayne B.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. EM udo.schnupf@ars.usda.gov; JL.Willett@ars.usda.gov; bosma@bradley.edu; frank.momany@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 526-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775108714 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Willett, JL Bosma, WB Momany, FA AF Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Bosma, Wayne B. Momany, F. A. TI CARB 87-DFT Solvation studies of carbohydrates: Implicit and explicit solvation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Schnupf, Udo; Willett, J. L.; Momany, F. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bosma, Wayne B.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. EM udo.schnupf@ars.usda.gov; JL.Willett@ars.usda.gov; bosma@bradley.edu; frank.momany@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 87-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101009 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Willett, JL Bosma, WB Momany, FA AF Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Bosma, Wayne B. Momany, F. A. TI CARB 20-A new era of carbohydrate modeling using cutting edge DFT methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Schnupf, Udo; Willett, J. L.; Momany, F. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Momany, F. A.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. EM udo.schnupf@ars.usda.gov; JL.Willett@ars.usda.gov; bosma@bradley.edu; frank.momany@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 20-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101008 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Woods, KK Sessa, DJ Biswas, A AF Selling, Gordon W. Woods, Kristen K. Sessa, David J. Biswas, Atanu TI AGFD 12-Electrospun zein fibers using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking reagent SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Selling, Gordon W.; Woods, Kristen K.; Sessa, David J.; Biswas, Atanu] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gordon.selling@ars.usda.gov; kristen.woods@ars.usda.gov; david.sessa@ars.usda.gov; atanu.biswas@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 12-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100220 ER PT J AU Shen, TY French, AD Langan, P Gnanakaran, G AF Shen, Tongye French, Alfred D. Langan, Paul Gnanakaran, Gnana TI CARB 26-Modeling the properties of cellulose microfibrils SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Shen, Tongye] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Gnanakaran, Gnana] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov; langan_paul@lanl.gov; gnana@lanl.gov RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 26-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101098 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Westmoreland, D Gonzalez, S Willett, JL Swift, G AF Shogren, Randal L. Westmoreland, David Gonzalez, Sergio Willett, J. L. Swift, Graham TI AGFD 26-Preparation of copolymers of aspartic acid and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids by reactive extrusion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Shogren, Randal L.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Westmoreland, David] Folia Inc, Birmingham, AL 35211 USA. [Gonzalez, Sergio] BASF Inc, Detroit, MI USA. [Willett, J. L.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Swift, Graham] GS Polymer Consultants, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM Randy.Shogren@ars.usda.gov; JL.Willett@ars.usda.gov; grahamgswift@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 26-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100210 ER PT J AU Stanturf, JA Stokes, BJ Buford, MA AF Stanturf, John A. Stokes, Bryce J. Buford, Marilyn A. TI CINF 37-Renewable energy and forest biomass supply SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stanturf, John A.] US Forest Serv Res & Dev, So Res Stn Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stokes, Bryce J.] US Forest Serv Res & Dev, Resource Use Sci Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jstanturf@fs.fed.us; bstokes@fs.fed.us; mbuford@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 37-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103241 ER PT J AU Stortz, CA French, AD AF Stortz, Carlos A. French, Alfred D. TI CARB 76-Disaccharide conformational maps: Adiabaticity in analogs with variable ring shapes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stortz, Carlos A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Quim Organ CIHIDECAR, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM stortz@qo.fcen.uba.ar; afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 76-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101071 ER PT J AU Terborg, MS AF Terborg, Michael S. TI CINF 11-Feedstock to fuel: National Agricultural Library's guide to current research and impacts of cellulosic biofuel production SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Terborg, Michael S.] ARS, Natl Agr Lib, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mterborg@nal.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 11-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103270 ER PT J AU Torres, OA de Pratdesaba, LL Grajeda, R Fuentes, M Speer, MC Merrill, AH O'Donnell, K Palencia, E Bacon, CW Glenn, AE Riley, RT AF Torres, Olga A. de Pratdesaba, Ligia Lopez Grajeda, Ruben Fuentes, Manio Speer, Marcy C. Merrill, Alfred H., Jr. O'Donnell, Kerry Palencia, Edwin Bacon, Charles W. Glenn, Anthony E. Riley, Ronald T. TI AGFD 113-Estimated fumonisin exposure in Guatemala greatest in consumers of lowland maize SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Torres, Olga A.] Ctr Invest Nutr & Salud, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala. [de Pratdesaba, Ligia Lopez; Grajeda, Ruben] Calzada Roosevelt, Inst Nutr, Ctr Amer & Panama, Guatemala City 09001, Guatemala. [Fuentes, Manio] Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Villa Nueva, Guatemala. [Speer, Marcy C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Merrill, Alfred H., Jr.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Palencia, Edwin; Bacon, Charles W.; Glenn, Anthony E.; Riley, Ronald T.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 113-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100198 ER PT J AU Trucksess, MW Whitaker, TB Weaver, CM Rader, JI Slate, A Giesbrecht, FG AF Trucksess, Mary W. Whitaker, Thomas B. Weaver, Carol M. Rader, Jeanne I. Slate, Andy Giesbrecht, Francis G. TI AGFD 114-Sampling uncertainty associated with sampling powdered ginger for aflatoxins and ochratoxin A SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Trucksess, Mary W.; Weaver, Carol M.; Rader, Jeanne I.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Whitaker, Thomas B.; Slate, Andy; Giesbrecht, Francis G.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mary.trucksess@fda.hhs.gov; tom_whitaker@ncsu.edu; carol.weaver@fda.hhs.gov; Andy_Slate@ncsu.edu; Francis-Giesbrecht@ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 114-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100194 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL Vallejo-Cordoba, B Gonzalez-Cordova, AF AF Tunick, Michael H. Van Hekken, Diane L. Vallejo-Cordoba, Belinda Gonzalez-Cordova, Aaron F. TI AGFD 57-Texture, rheology, and microstructure of Queso Fresco from the US and Mexico SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tunick, Michael H.; Van Hekken, Diane L.] ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Vallejo-Cordoba, Belinda; Gonzalez-Cordova, Aaron F.] Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Dept Tecnol Alimentos, AC CIAD, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. EM Michael.Tunick@ars.usda.gov; Diane.VanHekken@ars.usda.gov; vallejo@cascabel.ciad.mx NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 57-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100314 ER PT J AU Vasu, P Savary, BJ Bauscher, MG Nunez, A Cameron, RG AF Vasu, Prasanna Savary, Brett J. Bauscher, Michael G. Nunez, Alberto Cameron, Randall G. TI AGFD 47-Characterization of a polygalacturonase-inhibitor protein purified from sweet orange pulp SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Vasu, Prasanna; Savary, Brett J.] Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Bauscher, Michael G.] ARS, US Hort Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Nunez, Alberto] ARS, ERRC, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Cameron, Randall G.] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, SAA, Winter Haven, FL 33882 USA. EM pvasu@astate.edu; BSAVARY@astate.edu; michael.bausher@ars.usda.gov; alberto.nunez@ars.usda.gov; randall.cameron@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 47-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100271 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Jackson, LS Snook, ME Ryu, D Bianchini, A Li, W Bullerman, LB Barach, J Rachman, N AF Voss, Kenneth A. Jackson, Lauren S. Snook, Maurice E. Ryu, Dojin Bianchini, Andreia Li, Wu Bullerman, Lloyd B. Barach, Jeff Rachman, Nancy TI AGFD 141-Effects of processing and cooking on mycotoxins: Lessons from studies on fumonisin B1 and deoxynivalenol SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Voss, Kenneth A.; Snook, Maurice E.] USDA, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Jackson, Lauren S.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. [Ryu, Dojin] Texas Womans Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Denton, TX 76204 USA. [Bianchini, Andreia; Bullerman, Lloyd B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Li, Wu] Frito Lay Inc, Dept Food Safety & Nutr, Plano, TX 75024 USA. [Rachman, Nancy] GMA, FPA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM Ken.Voss@ars.usda.gov; ABIANCHINI2@unl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 141-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100250 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Ryu, D Burns, TD Riley, RT Jackson, LS Bianchini, A Bullerman, LB AF Voss, Kenneth A. Ryu, Dojin Burns, Tantiana D. Riley, Ronald T. Jackson, Lauren S. Bianchini, Andreia Bullerman, Lloyd B. TI AGFD 142-Bioassay-based approach for determining the effect of cooking on fumonisin toxicity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Riley, Ronald T.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Ryu, Dojin] Texas Womans Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Denton, TX 76204 USA. [Burns, Tantiana D.] Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jackson, Lauren S.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. [Bianchini, Andreia; Bullerman, Lloyd B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Ken.Voss@ars.usda.gov; ABIANCHINI2@unl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 142-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100237 ER PT J AU Yoneda, Y Mereiter, K Kosma, P Rosenau, T French, AD AF Yoneda, Yuko Mereiter, Kurt Kosma, Paul Rosenau, Thomas French, Alfred D. TI CELL 183-Crystal structure of cyclohexyl 4'-O-cyclohexyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 4)-b-D-glucopyranoside SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yoneda, Yuko; Kosma, Paul; Rosenau, Thomas] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Dept Chem, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Mereiter, Kurt] Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Chem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [French, Alfred D.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM yuko.yoneda@boku.ac.at; Kurt.Mereiter@tuwien.ac.at; paul.kosma@boku.ac.at; thomas.rosenau@boku.ac.at; afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 183-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101288 ER PT J AU Kabrick, JM Dey, DC Jensen, RG Wallendorf, M AF Kabrick, John M. Dey, Daniel C. Jensen, Randy G. Wallendorf, Michael TI The role of environmental factors in oak decline and mortality in the Ozark Highlands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE site factors; oak decline; oak mortality; Missouri ozark forests ID SITE AB Oak decline is a chronic problem in Missouri Ozark forests. Red oak group species are most susceptible and decline is reportedly more severe on droughty, nutrient-poor sites. However, it was not clear whether greater decline severity was caused by poor site conditions or is simply due to the greater abundance of red oak group species found on poorer sites. We conducted this study to determine whether oak decline severity in oak-dominated Missouri Ozark forests is related to factors strongly influencing site quality including soil, landform position, and slope-aspect. We monitored the survival of 6606 dominant or co-dominant oak trees for 10 years and surveyed crown dieback on more than 1995 oak trees during a single year to determine if mortality and the presence of decline symptoms were related to site factors. Analysis confirmed that red oak group species had more crown dieback and greater mortality than did white oak group species. We also found greater red oak mortality on upper slope positions and where soils were gravelly and low in base cations. However, the abundance of red oaks was also greater in these same locations. Further analysis showed that if the initial abundance of red oaks was included as a covariate in the model, the site factors no longer were significant effects related to oak mortality. Moreover, we found that frequency of oaks exhibiting crown dieback was the same or sometimes greater on high quality sites. These findings show that red oak mortality is more prevalent on droughty and nutrient-deficient sites because red oak group species are more abundant there. Rather than simply predisposing oaks to decline, droughty and nutrient-deficient site conditions most likely favored the establishment and growth of red oaks following the extensive logging during the early 1900s. The extensive oak decline occurring on droughty and nutrient-deficient soils today appears to due to the high abundance of mature red oak group species on these sites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kabrick, John M.; Dey, Daniel C.] Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jensen, Randy G.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Ellington, MO 63638 USA. [Wallendorf, Michael] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Kabrick, JM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jkabrick@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 5-6 BP 1409 EP 1417 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.054 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282WK UT WOS:000254597700005 ER PT J AU Scheller, RM Van Tuyl, S Clark, K Hayden, NG Hom, J Mladenoff, DJ AF Scheller, Robert M. Van Tuyl, Steve Clark, Kenneth Hayden, Nicholas G. Hom, John Mladenoff, David J. TI Simulation of forest change in the New Jersey Pine Barrens under current and pre-colonial conditions SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest simulation model; fire management; forest fragmentation; wildland-urban interface; new jersey pine barrens; prescribed burning; natural range of variability ID HISTORICAL FIRE REGIMES; UNITED-STATES; EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; OAK FORESTS; USA; VEGETATION; PLANT; FRAGMENTATION AB Changes in land use patterns in and around forests, including rural development and road building, have occurred throughout the United States and are accelerating in many areas. As a result, there have been significant departures from 'natural' or pre-settlement disturbance regimes. Altered disturbance regimes can shift composition and dominance in tree species communities, potentially affecting ecosystem functioning. We examined the potential consequences of various forest management practices and forest fragmentation on tree community composition. Both forest management and fragmentation are changing as land use changes within the New Jersey Pine Barrens (NJPB). The NJPB has and is continuing to experience rapid rural development and urbanization that are altering the types, frequency, and intensity of forest management, and are increasing forest fragmentation. In the NJPB, the size and frequency of wildfires have declined and the use of prescribed fires is limited to a small portion of the landscape. In addition, the expansion of roads and decline in total forested area - two common measures of fragmentation - may impede the ability of tree species to colonize available habitat. To assess the consequences of fire management and fragmentation on fire regimes and forest communities, we simulated forest landscape change using LANDIS-II, a stochastic, spatially dynamic forest succession model that simulates the growth of tree species cohorts (defined by species and age), dispersal and colonization, and mortality. Simulated fires are sensitive to fuel loads and fuel load continuity. We constructed scenarios to mimic the pre-colonial contiguous landscape with an estimated pre-colonial fire regime; scenarios of the current day landscape with current and potential fire management; and scenarios designed to highlight the effects of fragmentation. Our simulations indicate that relative to the pre-colonial landscape and fire regime, the landscape is changing from a pine-dominated to an oak-dominated state. However, within areas where prescribed burning remains a viable management option, a doubling of the mean annual area that is managed with prescribed bums may substantially push the system back towards pre-colonial conditions, although oaks will continue to retain a higher than pre-colonial dominance. Our results also indicate that aside from a reduction in the potential fire sizes, fragmentation does not appear to substantially alter forest successional dynamics. In summary, our simulations estimate the departure from pre-colonial conditions and indicate the potential for a limited restoration of these conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scheller, Robert M.; Hayden, Nicholas G.; Mladenoff, David J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Van Tuyl, Steve; Clark, Kenneth; Hom, John] US Forest Serv, No Global Change Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Scheller, RM (reprint author), Conservat Biol Inst, 136 SW Washington,Suite 202, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM rmscheller@consbio.org RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009; Van Tuyl, Steven/E-2814-2014 OI Van Tuyl, Steven/0000-0002-8752-272X NR 54 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 5-6 BP 1489 EP 1500 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.025 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282WK UT WOS:000254597700014 ER PT J AU Chiang, JM McEwan, RW Yaussy, DA Brown, KJ AF Chiang, Jyh-Min McEwan, Ryan W. Yaussy, Daniel A. Brown, Kim J. TI The effects of prescribed fire and silvicultural thinning on the aboveground carbon stocks and net primary production of overstory trees in an oak-hickory ecosystem in southern Ohio SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Acer ANPP; carbon stocks; fire and fire surrogate; oak regeneration; phenology; prescribed burning; Quercus; thinning ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; FUEL REDUCTION; UNITED-STATES; PINE FOREST; BIOMASS; CANOPY; SEQUESTRATION; REGENERATION; RECRUITMENT; KENTUCKY AB More than 70 years of fire suppression has influenced forest dynamics and led to the accumulation of fuels in many forests of the United States. To address these changes, forest managers increasingly seek to restore historical ecosystem structure and function through the reintroduction of fire and disturbance processes that mimic fire such as silvicultural thinning. In oak forests of eastern North America, prescribed fire and thinning are important tools used to facilitate oak (Quercus spp.) regeneration and recruitment. The global scientific community is increasingly raising concerns about the accumulation of atmospheric CO,, and its potential to impact global climate; therefore, activities such as prescribed fire and thinning that can influence the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems should be evaluated. We used field measurements and modeling with the PnET-II carbon balance model in oak forests of southern Ohio, USA, to (1) assess the efficacy of prescribed fire and silvicultural thinning in facilitating oak recruitment and regeneration, and (2) quantify the impacts of these treatments on aboveground carbon stocks and net primary production. Silvicultural thinning increased recruitment of maples, but oak recruitment was minimal. Prescribed burning caused an increase in the mortality rate of oaks' major competitor (Acer rubrum L.) in the overstory (stems >= 10 cm DBH), but oak mortality also increased following the bum treatments. Our measurements of stem growth suggest that the timing of the prescribed fires coincided with the initiation of growth in oaks, which may have created vulnerability in these species that are generally considered fire-resistant. The pre-treatment aboveground biomass of overstory trees was approximately 233 Mg/ha (Mg = 1 X 10(6) g). Prescribed burning had significant impacts on the mortality of stems; however, it had no significant effects on the aboveground net primary production (ANPP). Thinning removed approximately 30% of the aboveground biomass and resulted in significant but transient (1 year) reduction of ANPP (386 and 560 g C m(-2) year(-1) for thinned and non-thinned stands, respectively). In sum, thinning created recruitment opportunities in our study area, but these opportunities were captured by maples, and oak recruitment was minimal. Prescribed fire caused mortality in oaks and maples, and the oak mortality may have been related to the coincidence of the burn treatment and the initiation of oak stem growth. Finally, our data suggest that there is a transient impact of thinning on ANPP, but that there is no long-term effect of thinning and/or burning treatments on the aboveground carbon uptake in oak forests. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chiang, Jyh-Min; Brown, Kim J.] Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [McEwan, Ryan W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Yaussy, Daniel A.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Chiang, JM (reprint author), Tunghai Univ, Dept Life Sci, Box 851,181,Sect 3,Taichung Kan Rd, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. EM jyhminchiang@gmail.com RI Chiang, Jyh-Min/J-7338-2012; OI Chiang, Jyh-Min/0000-0002-6293-1551; Yaussy, Daniel/0000-0003-1127-7809 NR 58 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 5-6 BP 1584 EP 1594 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.016 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282WK UT WOS:000254597700024 ER PT J AU Scowcroft, TG Haraguchi, JE Fujii, DA AF Scowcroft, Taul G. Haraguchi, Janis E. Fujii, David A. TI Understory structure in a 23-year-old Acacia koa forest and 2-year growth responses to silvicultural treatments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE subtropical lower montane wet forests; introduced-grass control; release thinning; P fertilization; leaf nutrient concentrations; Hawaii ID HAWAIIAN METROSIDEROS-POLYMORPHA; RAIN-FOREST; PLANT COMMUNITY; MANAGED FORESTS; SOIL NUTRIENTS; TREE FERNS; FERTILIZATION; FOLIAR; STANDS; SUCCESSION AB Restoration of degraded Acacia koa forests in Hawaii often involves mechanical scarification to stimulate germination of seed buried in the soil and to suppress vegetation that competes with shade intolerant A. koa. Resulting even-age stands are gradually colonized by other plant species, but understory structure is poorly quantified, and the effects of management on understory vegetation are unknown. We examined the structure of the dominant understory species 23 years after stand initiation and determined their subsequent 2-year growth responses to silvicultural treatments prescribed to improve growth of koa. Release thinning, chemical control of introduced grasses, and phosphorus fertilization were applied in a split-plot experimental design. Results for DBH and height class distributions indicated that recruitment for most tree species began within a few years of stand initiation. By 23 years understory trees made up only 14% of total stand basal area, but they added greatly to native plant biodiversity. Alien grasses covered 92% of the forest floor and averaged 1.35 Mg ha(-1). Of the four most abundant native understory tree species, only shade intolerant Myoporum sandwicense grew faster in response to the treatments. P-fertilizer combined with grass control significantly increased production of the native shrub, Rubus hawaiiensis. Notably, alien grass biomass did Dot increase in response to thinning, and actually declined in P-fertilized plots. Only, where P-fertilizer was applied were P concentrations of understory leaves elevated. Foliar concentrations of other nutrients were generally unaffected by treatments. Our findings suggest that the conservative silvicultural treatments we used can be applied without adversely impacting the capacity of aggrading A. koa forests to support a diversity of native understory plants. Lack of an increase in alien grass biomass, and in the case of P fertilization, a reduction in grass biomass, indicates that treatments should not increase competition with native species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Scowcroft, Taul G.; Haraguchi, Janis E.; Fujii, David A.] USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Scowcroft, TG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pscowcroft@fs.fed.us NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 5-6 BP 1604 EP 1617 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.019 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282WK UT WOS:000254597700026 ER PT J AU Oswalt, SN Oswalt, CM AF Oswalt, Sonja N. Oswalt, Christopher M. TI Relationships between common forest metrics and realized impacts of Hurricane Katrina on forest resources in Mississippi SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Katrina; forest inventory; Mississippi ID DAMAGE; RECOVERY; WIND; USA AB This paper compares and contrasts hurricane-related damage recorded across the Mississippi landscape in the 2 years following Katrina with initial damage assessments based on modeled parameters by the USDA Forest Service. Logistic and multiple regressions are used to evaluate the influence of stand characteristics on tree damage probability. Specifically, this paper addresses four primary questions related to post-hurricane damage: (1) do inventory data substantiate damage zone estimates made using remotely sensed and climate data following Hurricane Katrina; (2) were softwoods or hardwoods more susceptible to hurricane damage and does that susceptibility change as distance from landfall increases; (3) what are the primary stand-level factors influencing vulnerability to damage, based on observed damage and measured stand characteristics, and; (4) is tree-level damage related to tree species, and do damage types (bole, branch, lean, or windthrow) differ by species? We were able to accept the hypothesis that damage differed among the developed zones, and to confirm the acceptability of the figures initially generated. However, we were not able to accept the hypothesis that softwoods experienced more damage than hardwoods. Our data showed a marked increase in damage to hardwood species. except in the first zone of impact. Additionally, the likelihood of hardwood damage increased with increasing distance from the zone of impact. However, species group was confounded with the other predictor variables in many cases, making it difficult to separate the effects of each variable. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Oswalt, Sonja N.; Oswalt, Christopher M.] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Oswalt, SN (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM soswalt@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 5-6 BP 1692 EP 1700 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.029 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282WK UT WOS:000254597700035 ER PT J AU Homann, PS Bormann, BT Boyle, JR Darbyshire, RL Bigley, R AF Homann, P. S. Bormann, B. T. Boyle, J. R. Darbyshire, R. L. Bigley, R. TI Soil C and N minimum detectable changes and treatment differences in a multi-treatment forest experiment SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil nitrogen; soil carbon; minimum detectable change; minimum detectable difference; change detection ID ORGANIC-CARBON; DOUGLAS-FIR; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; HARDWOOD FOREST; NUTRIENT POOLS; RED ALDER; NITROGEN; LONG; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM AB Detecting changes in forest soil C and N is vital to the study of global budgets and long-term ecosystem productivity. Identifying differences among land-use practices may guide future management. Our objective was to determine the relation of minimum detectable changes (MDCs) and minimum detectable differences between treatments (MDDs) to soil C and N variability at multiple spatial scales. The three study sites were 701 100-year-old coniferous forests in Washington and Oregon. Area- and volumetric-based soil measurements were made before implementation of 7 treatments on 2-ha experimental units, replicated in 3 or 4 blocks per site. In the absence of treatment effects, whole-site MDCs are similar to 10% for mineral soil C and N masses and concentrations and similar to 40% for O-horizon C and N masses. When treatment differences occur, MDDs are similar to 40% for mineral soil and similar to 150% for O-horizon. MDDs are reduced as much as two-thirds by evaluating change from pre- to post-treatment rather than only post-treatment values. and by pairing pre- and post-treatment measurements within small subplots. The magnitude of MDD reduction is quantitatively related to pre-treatment soil variability at multiple spatial scales, with the greatest reductions associated with the largest within-block: within-plot and within-plot: within-subplot variability ratios. These quantified benefits can be weighed against costs and challenges to make informed decisions when selecting the most appropriate sampling design. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Homann, P. S.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Bormann, B. T.] USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Boyle, J. R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bigley, R.] Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Land Management Div, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Homann, PS (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM homann@cc.wwu.edu NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 5-6 BP 1724 EP 1734 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.037 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282WK UT WOS:000254597700038 ER PT J AU Eckhardt, LG Menard, RD AF Eckhardt, Lori G. Menard, Roger D. TI Topographic features associated with loblolly pine decline in central Alabama SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE decline; GIS; topography; loblolly pine; Leptographium ID SUGAR MAPLE; WATER AB Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) decline has been present in upland sites of central Alabama since the 1960s. Symptoms of loblolly pine decline (fine root deterioration, short chlorotic needles, sparse crowns, reduced radial growth) begin in the 30-40 year age class, resulting in premature death at ages 35-50. Loblolly pine decline occurs on sandy, well-drained soils and is associated with Leptographium spp., as well as with root-feeding bark beetles and weevils. The present article discusses the results of a comparison of biological factors associated with pine decline and topographical features, using the analysis of tree health at the Talladega National Forest and Westervelt (formerly Gulf State Paper) Company in central Alabama. Results of this study suggest that an ecological pattern of tree decline and mortality exists. Loblolly stands were more prone to develop symptoms at sites with increased slope and south/southwest orientation. This report indicates that the dominant determinants, or predictors, of loblolly decline are identifiable topographical features. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Eckhardt, Lori G.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Menard, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Eckhardt, LG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr,Room 3301, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM eckhalg@auburn.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 5-6 BP 1735 EP 1739 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.036 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282WK UT WOS:000254597700039 ER PT J AU Clark, SL Brosi, SL Schlarbaum, SE Grissino-Mayer, HD AF Clark, Stacy L. Brosi, Sunshine L. Schlarbaum, Scott E. Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. TI Dendrochronology of two butternut (Juglans cinerea) populations in the southeastern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Juglans cinerea; dendrochronology stand dynamics; climate ID CANKER; TREES; RESTORATION; HISTORY; FOREST; RINGS AB Butternut (Juglans cinerea) has been an important component of eastern hardwood forests in North America since the last ice-age, but an exotic fungal pathogen (Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum) has been devastating the species throughout its native range since the late 1960s. Restoration strategies have not been widely adopted in the southern part of the species' range, in part due to lack of information on disease and stand dynamics in the region. We initiated a study in 2004 to determine the feasibility of using butternut in tree ring analysis and to determine effects of climate and competition on growth and mortality of butternut trees. We studied the tree ring characteristics and population dynamics of butternut populations in southwestern Virginia and in central Tennessee. Butternuts in both populations were found to be relatively sensitive to annual variation of climate, particularly Palmer Drought Severity Indices, and had easily distinguishable tree ring boundaries. Overstory tree competition appeared to be accelerating butternut decline in a stand originating from a clearcut, while old-field succession was benefiting a butternut population in another stand. Our results indicate that potential exists to use dendrochronology as a tool in understanding the dynamics between butternut canker disease, exogenous factors (climate, disturbance), and endogenous factors (tree age, genetics) that will affect butternut population restoration efforts. These results should be tested in other parts of the species' range. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Clark, Stacy L.] Alabama A&M Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Brosi, Sunshine L.] Frostburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Schlarbaum, Scott E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Clark, SL (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 1568, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM stacyclark@fs.fed.us OI Grissino-Mayer, Henri/0000-0003-1088-2927 NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 5-6 BP 1772 EP 1780 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.040 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282WK UT WOS:000254597700043 ER PT J AU Roden, DB Mattson, WJ AF Roden, David B. Mattson, William J. TI Rapid induced resistance and host species effects on gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.): Implications for outbreaks on three tree species in the boreal forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE gypsy moth; rapid induced resistance; defoliation; induced plant defenses; larval fitness ID ASPEN PHYTOCHEMISTRY; TENT CATERPILLARS; BIRCH BETULA; FOLIAGE; DEFOLIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHEMISTRY; QUALITY; ALLELOCHEMICALS; LEPIDOPTERA AB Field pupal weight. development time, and survival of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae on three defoliated (50%) and undefoliated tree species that are common to the forest of the Great Lakes basin were compared for one season in 1988. Host species and defoliation affected female pupal weight; male pupal weight was affected only by host species. The smallest and largest pupae of both sexes, from both defoliated and undefoliated trees. came from larvae that fed on red oak, Quercus rubra L., and trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx., respectively; pupal weight of larvae that fed on white birch, Betula papyrifera Marsh., were intermediate. Development time was affected only by tree species; the shortest and longest development occurred on trembling aspen and red oak, respectively; development time on white birch was medial. Gypsy moth survival was not affected by defoliation or host species. Superficially, these data obviously suggest that both defoliated and undefoliated trembling aspen and white birch are more nutritious, and will support higher gypsy moth fitness than its traditional hosts like red oak. However, we argue that outbreaks of gypsy moth will not occur in aspen and birch stands because its tri-trophic fitness is lower there due in part to the higher efficacy of certain gypsy moth natural enemies. We hypothesize that outbreaks on these two tree species will be limited by the nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Entomophagus maimaiga, and key physical features (e.g. light trunk color) of the host that deter larval host-seeking/accepting behavior. More than 20 years of gypsy moth outbreak records in North America support this hypothesis. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roden, David B.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada. [Mattson, William J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Roden, DB (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada. EM droden@nrcan.gc.ca NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 5-6 BP 1868 EP 1873 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.008 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282WK UT WOS:000254597700054 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, L. TI Dynamic mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene composites reinforced by defatted soy flour and carbon black co-filler SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomaterials; composites; reinforcement; mechanical; properties; rubber ID NATURAL-RUBBER COMPOSITES; LATEX FILMS; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; ELASTOMER COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR AB Carboxylated styrene-butadiene (SB) composites reinforced by a mixture of defatted soy flour (DSF) and carbon black (CB) were investigated in terms of their dynamic mechanical properties. DSF is an abundant renewable commodity and has a lower cost than CB. DSF contains soy protein, carbohydrate, and whey. Aqueous dispersions of DSF and CB were first mixed and then blended with SB latex to form rubber composites using freeze-drying and compression molding methods. At 140 degrees C, a single filler composite reinforced by 30% DSF exhibited roughly a 230-fold increase in the shear elastic modulus compared to the unfilled SB rubber, indicating a significant reinforcement effect by DSF. Mixtures of DSF and CB at three different ratios were investigated as co-fillers. Temperature sweep experiments indicate the shear elastic moduli of the co-filler composites are between that of DSF and CB composites. Strain sweep experiments were used to study the fatigue and recovery behaviors of these composites. Compared with the DSF composites, the recovery behaviors of the 30% co-filler composites after the eight consecutive deformation cycles of dynamic strain were improved and similar to that of 30% CB composite. Strain sweep experiments also indicated that the co-filler composites have a greater elastic modulus than the CB reinforced composites within the strain range measured. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Jong, L.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, ARS, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM leijong@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 108 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1002/app.27105 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 264LA UT WOS:000253287600010 ER PT J AU Torkzaban, S Tazehkand, SS Walker, SL Bradford, SA AF Torkzaban, Saeed Tazehkand, Shiva S. Walker, Sharon L. Bradford, Scott A. TI Transport and fate of bacteria in porous media: Coupled effects of chemical conditions and pore space geometry SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; LINEAR SHEAR-FLOW; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VISCOUS-FLUID; WATER-CONTENT; SLOW MOTION; PLANE WALL; 2 SPHERES; ADHESION AB Experimental and theoretical studies were undertaken to explore the coupled effects of chemical conditions and pore space geometry on bacteria transport in porous media. The retention of Escherichia coli D21g was investigated in a series of batch and column experiments with solutions of different ionic strength (IS) and ultrapure quartz sand. Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) calculations and results from batch experiments suggested that bacteria attachment to the sand surface was negligible when the IS was less than or equal to 50 mM. Breakthrough data from column experiments showed significant cell retention and was strongly dependent on the IS. This finding indicates that cell retention was dependent on the depth of the secondary energy minimum which increases with IS. When the IS of the influent bacteria-free solution was decreased to 1 mM, only a small fraction of the retained bacteria was released from the column. The remaining retained bacteria, however, were recovered from the sand, which was excavated from the column and suspended in a cell-free electrolyte having the original IS. These observations suggest that the solution chemistry is not the only parameter controlling bacteria retention in the porous media. Computational simulations of flow around several collector grains revealed the retention mechanism, which is dependent on both the solution chemistry and the pore space geometry. Simulations demonstrate that the pore space geometry creates hydrodynamically disconnected regions. The number of bacterial cells that may be transported to these relatively "immobile'' regions will theoretically be dependent on the depth of the secondary energy minimum (i. e., the IS). Once bacteria are trapped in these immobile regions, reduction of the secondary energy minimum does not necessarily release the cells owing to hydrodynamic constraints. C1 [Torkzaban, Saeed; Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Tazehkand, Shiva S.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bradford, Scott A.] USDA, ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Torkzaban, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013 OI Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461 NR 74 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 AR W04403 DI 10.1029/2007WR006541 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 284PX UT WOS:000254719400006 ER PT J AU Hoh, E Mastovska, K AF Hoh, Eunha Mastovska, Katerina TI Large volume injection techniques in capillary gas chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Review DE gas chromatography; injection techniques; large volume injection; PTV; on-column; direct sample introduction; splitless overflow; at-column; TOTAD ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CONCURRENT SOLVENT EVAPORATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; PROGRAMMED-TEMPERATURE VAPORIZER; ADSORPTION-DESORPTION INTERFACE; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; BAR-SORPTIVE EXTRACTION; ON-COLUMN INJECTIONS; LARGE-SAMPLE VOLUMES AB Large volume injection (LVI) is a prerequisite of modem gas chromatographic (GC) analysis, especially when trace sample components have to be determined at very low concentration levels. Injection of larger than usual sample volumes increases sensitivity and/or reduces (or even eliminates) the need for extract concentration steps. Also, an LVI technique can serve as an interface for on-line connection of GC with a sample preparation step or with liquid chromatography. This article reviews the currently available LVI techniques, including basic approaches to their optimization and important real-world applications. The most common LVI methods are on-column and programmed temperature vaporization (PTV) in solvent split mode. Newer techniques discussed in this article include direct sample introduction (DSI), splitless overflow, at-column, and "through oven transfer adsorption desorption" (TOTAD). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hoh, Eunha; Mastovska, Katerina] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mastovska, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM katerina.mastovska@ars.usda.gov NR 144 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 4 PY 2008 VL 1186 IS 1-2 BP 2 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.001 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 286ZE UT WOS:000254884700002 PM 18155224 ER PT J AU Cajka, T Hajslova, J Lacina, O Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ AF Cajka, Tomas Hajslova, Jana Lacina, Ondrej Mastovska, Katerina Lehotay, Steven J. TI Rapid analysis of multiple pesticide residues in fruit-based baby food using programmed temperature vaporiser injection-low-pressure gas chromatography-high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE sample preparation; low-pressure gas chromatography; time-of-flight mass spectrometry; pesticide residues; baby food analysis ID X GC-TOFMS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ESSENTIAL OIL; MS; OPTIMIZATION; SENSITIVITY; EXTRACTION; VEGETABLES; MATRICES AB A rapid method using programmed temperature vaporiser injection-low-pressure gas chromatography-high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTV-LP-GC-HR-TOF-MS) for the analysis of multiple pesticide residues in fruit-based baby food was developed. The fast and inexpensive buffered QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction method and "conventional" approach that employs ethyl acetate extraction followed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) cleanup were employed for sample preparation. A PTV injector in solvent venting mode was used to reduce volume of acetonitrile and acetic acid (from the buffered QuEChERS extracts) that caused higher column bleed without their elimination. Otherwise, the time-to-digital converter would become saturated in HR-TOF-MS. For fast GC separation allowing analysis of 100 analytes within a 7 min runtime, both a high temperature programming rate and vacuum conditions in a megabore GC column were employed. The use of HR-TOF-MS allowed the unbiased identification and reliable quantification of target analytes through the application of a narrow mass window (0.02 Da) for extracting analyte ions and the availability of full spectral information even at very low levels. With only a few exceptions, the lowest calibration levels for the pesticides tested were <= 0.01 mg/kg for both sample preparation methods, which meets the EU maximum residue limit set for pesticide residues in cereal-based foods and baby foods (2003/13/EC). (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cajka, Tomas; Hajslova, Jana; Lacina, Ondrej] Prague Inst Chem Technol, Fac Food & Biochem Technol, Dept Food Chem & Anal, CR-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Mastovska, Katerina; Lehotay, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hajslova, J (reprint author), Prague Inst Chem Technol, Fac Food & Biochem Technol, Dept Food Chem & Anal, Technicka 3, CR-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. EM jana.hajslova@vscht.cz RI Cajka, Tomas/A-8914-2008 OI Cajka, Tomas/0000-0002-9728-3355 NR 55 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 4 PY 2008 VL 1186 IS 1-2 BP 281 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.009 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 286ZE UT WOS:000254884700023 PM 18164024 ER PT J AU Willett, JL AF Willett, Julious L. TI Humidity-responsive starch-poly(methyl acrylate) films SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE films; graft copolymers; responsive materials; starch ID SHAPE-MEMORY POLYMER; STRESS RELAXATION; METHYL ACRYLATE; CORNSTARCH; EXTRUSION; MOISTURE; STARCH AB Blown films prepared from starch-poly(methyl acrylate) graft copolymers plasticized with urea and water display shrinkage at relative humidities greater than 50%. Shrinkage at relative humidities below approximately 75% is strongly correlated with the urea/starch weight ratio, which controls the equilibrium moisture content (MC) in the films. Above 75% relative humidity, film shrinkage is essentially independent of composition. At relative humidities below 90%, films plasticized with urea and water exhibited greater shrinkage than films plasticized with water only. A master curve can be constructed by shifting shrinkage data with respect to a reference relative humidity, indicating that relaxation processes in the starch phase control film shrinkage. This conclusion is confirmed by the fact that shrinkage data for a wide range of compositions and relative humidities fall on a single curve when plotted against MC. Polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated some loss of orientation in the starch phase during shrinkage. These results demonstrate that the hydrophilic nature of starch can be exploited to develop responsive polymers which display controllable shrinkages activated by increases in relative humidities. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Willett, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jl.willett@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD APR 4 PY 2008 VL 209 IS 7 BP 764 EP 772 DI 10.1002/macp.200700495 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 295BY UT WOS:000255451200010 ER PT J AU King, DM Skirvin, SM Collins, CDH Moran, MS Biedenbender, SH Kidwell, MR Weltz, MA Diaz-Gutierrez, A AF King, D. M. Skirvin, S. M. Collins, C. D. Holifield Moran, M. S. Biedenbender, S. H. Kidwell, M. R. Weltz, M. A. Diaz-Gutierrez, A. TI Assessing vegetation change temporally and spatially in southeastern Arizona SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; NEW-MEXICO; PATTERNS; PRECIPITATION; ENCROACHMENT; GRASSLANDS; GRASSES; BASIN AB Vegetation species cover and photographic data have been collected at multiple grass- and shrub-dominated sites in 1967, 1994, 1999, and 2005 at the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in southeastern Arizona. This study combines these measurements with meteorological and edaphic information, as well as historic repeat photography from the late 1880s onward and recent satellite imagery to assess vegetation change at WGEW. The results of classification and ordination of repeated transect data showed that WGEW had two main vegetation structural types, shrub dominated and grass dominated. Spatial distribution was closely linked to soil type and variations in annual and August precipitation. Other than the recent appearance of Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) at limited sites in WGEW, little recruitment has taken place in either shrub or grass vegetation types. Effects of recent drought on both vegetation types were apparent in both transect data and enhanced vegetation index data derived from satellite imagery. Historic photos and a better understanding of WGEW geology and geomorphology supported the hypothesis that the shift from grass- to shrub-dominated vegetation occurred substantially before 1967, with considerable spatial variability. This work reaffirmed the value of maintaining long-term data sets for use in assessments of vegetation change. C1 [King, D. M.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Biedenbender, S. H.] USDA, Forest Serv, Hereford, AZ 85746 USA. [Diaz-Gutierrez, A.] Ctr IFAPA Alameda Obispo, Area Prod Ecol & Recursos Nat, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. [Collins, C. D. Holifield] USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Skirvin, S. M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Min & Geol Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Skirvin, S. M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Weltz, M. A.] USDA, ARS, Exoot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP King, DM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM chandra.holifield@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 4 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S15 DI 10.1029/2006WR005850 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 284PY UT WOS:000254719500002 ER PT J AU Stone, JJ Nichols, MH Goodrich, DC Buono, J AF Stone, Jeffry J. Nichols, Mary H. Goodrich, David C. Buono, Jared TI Long-term runoff database, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEMIARID RANGELAND WATERSHEDS AB Runoff measurement at the semiarid Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed began in the middle 1950s with five critical depth flumes. Since that time, the measurement network has evolved to include measurement structures on 11 large watersheds (2.27-149 km(2)), 8 medium watersheds (0.35-1.60 km(2)), and 11 small watersheds (0.0018-0.59 km(2)). The ephemeral nature of runoff, high-flow velocities, and high-sediment concentrations in the flow led to the development of the Walnut Gulch supercritical flume used on the large watersheds and the Smith supercritical flume used on the small watersheds. The period of record considered good to excellent ranges from 26 to 47 years. In 1999, the original analog recording systems were augmented with digital recorders. Runoff occurs at Walnut Gulch primarily as a result of convective thunderstorms during the months of July through September. Runoff volume and flow duration are correlated with drainage area as a result of the limited areal extent of runoff producing rainfall and transmission losses or infiltration of the flood wave into the channel alluvium. Runoff records including hydrographs and summary data are available in several formats via a Web interface at http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/. C1 [Stone, Jeffry J.; Nichols, Mary H.; Goodrich, David C.; Buono, Jared] USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Dept Agr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Stone, JJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Dept Agr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jeff.stone@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 21 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 4 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S05 DI 10.1029/2006WR005733 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 284PY UT WOS:000254719500001 ER PT J AU Mengual, X Thompson, FC AF Mengual, Ximo Thompson, F. Christian TI A taxonomic review of the Palpada ruficeps species group, with the description of a new flower fly from Colombia (Diptera : Syrphidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE systematic; diptera ID DNA BARCODES AB A new species of flower flies, Palpada prietorum Mengual spec. nov. ( Diptera: Syrphidae: Eristalinae) is described from Cali, Colombia. The new species belongs to the ruficeps subgroup in the vinetorum species group. An identification key is provided for the species of the ruficeps subgroup, as well as a comparison of morphological diagnostic characters to separate these taxa. Fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, the D2-3 region of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) are supplied for two species, Palpada prietorum spec. nov. and Palpada ruficeps (Macquart, 1842). C1 [Mengual, Ximo] Univ Alicante, Inst Invest CIBIO, Ctr Iberoamericano Biodiversidad, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. [Thompson, F. Christian] USDA, Syst Entomol Lab, PSI, Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Mengual, X (reprint author), Univ Alicante, Inst Invest CIBIO, Ctr Iberoamericano Biodiversidad, Apdo 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. EM xmengual@ua.es; chris.thompson@ars.usda.gov OI Mengual, Ximo/0000-0002-6185-9404 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 4 PY 2008 IS 1741 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 283MR UT WOS:000254640800003 ER PT J AU Wood, SJ Li, XL Cotta, MA Biely, P Duke, NEC Schiffer, M Pokkuluri, PR AF Wood, S. J. Li, X. -L. Cotta, M. A. Biely, P. Duke, N. E. C. Schiffer, M. Pokkuluri, P. R. TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the glucuronoyl esterase catalytic domain from Hypocrea jecorina SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS; CRYSTALS AB The catalytic domain of the glucuronoyl esterase from Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei) was overexpresssed, purified and crystallized by the sitting-drop vapor-diffusion method using 1.4 M sodium/potassium phosphate pH 6.9. The crystals belonged to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) and X-ray diffraction data were collected to 1.9 A resolution. This is the first enzyme with glucoronoyl esterase activity to be crystallized; its structure will be valuable in lignocellulose-degradation research. C1 [Wood, S. J.; Duke, N. E. C.; Schiffer, M.; Pokkuluri, P. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Li, X. -L.; Cotta, M. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Biely, P.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia. RP Wood, SJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rajp@anl.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD APR PY 2008 VL 64 BP 255 EP 257 DI 10.1107/S1744309108004594 PN 4 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 281CE UT WOS:000254473200007 PM 18391420 ER PT J AU Riedel, BL Russell, KR Ford, WM O'Neill, KP Godwin, HW AF Riedel, Breanna L. Russell, Kevin R. Ford, W. Mark O'Neill, Katherine P. Godwin, Harry W. TI Habitat relationships of eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) in Appalachian agroforestry and grazing systems SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Appalachians; agroforestry; disturbance; grazing; Plethodon cinereus; red-backed salamanders ID TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDER; FOREST; ABUNDANCE; POPULATIONS; AMPHIBIANS; DISPERSAL; COVER; EDGES AB Woodland salamander responses to either traditional grazing or silvopasture systems are virtually unknown. An information-theoretic modelling approach was used to evaluate responses of red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) to silvopasture and meadow conversions in southern West Virginia. Searches of area-constrained plots and artificial coverboards that were distributed across a gradient of agricultural conversion and grazing intensity, including hardwood silvopastures, hay meadows, forest edges, and reference forests yielded 2823 salamanders between May 2004 and November 2005. Salamander presence and abundance were positively associated with increasing cover of herbaceous vegetation and negatively associated with the intensity of agricultural disturbance. Although salamander presence and abundance appeared to be negatively influenced by agricultural disturbance when compared to reference forest conditions, the occurrence of red-backed salamanders within agriculturally modified habitats indicates this species may be more resilient to forest conversion than previously thought. This study suggests that herbaceous vegetation retained within some agricultural treatments, in combination with artificial cover, may at least partially mitigate the loss of forest canopy for red-backed salamanders. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Riedel, Breanna L.; Russell, Kevin R.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [O'Neill, Katherine P.; Godwin, Harry W.] Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Beaverton, WV 25813 USA. RP Russell, KR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM krussell@uwsp.edu NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 124 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2007.10.001 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287VP UT WOS:000254944900010 ER PT J AU Williams, RD Bartholomew, PW AF Williams, R. D. Bartholomew, P. W. TI Effect of cowpea and pea inocula on cool-season grasses SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cowpea inoculum (Bradyrhizobium sp.); growth inhibition; Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.); rhizobium; seedling growth; tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.); tall wheatgrass [Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski]; pea inoculum (Rhizobium sp.) ID GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM; MICROORGANISMS; STIMULATION; PSEUDOMONAS; BACTERIA; LETTUCE; RICE AB Rhizobium or Bradyrhizobium bacteria, which form nitrogen fixing nodules on the plant roots, also produce plant growth hormones that can stimulate plant growth, or other compounds that may inhibit pathogenic bacteria. Non-legume crops (corn and rice), inoculated with these bacteria have shown greater plant growth than un-inoculated plants due to stimulatory effects of plant growth regulators released by the rhizobial bacteria. Inoculated forage legumes are often planted with forage grasses. The possible effects of rhizobacteria inoculum on forage grasses have not been evaluated. Here commercial inocula and non-sterile soil to simulate field conditions were used to evaluate the possible effects of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium on the early growth of three cool-season forage grasses (Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and tall wheatgrass [Elytrigia elongata Nevski)]. The grasses were inoculated with cowpea (Bradyrhizobium sp., a warm-season legume inoculum) or pea (Rhizobium sp., a cool-season legume inoculum) inocula. The grass seedlings were grown under controlled environmental conditions and harvested at either 4 or 6 weeks after emergence. Both inoculum reduced the plant dry weight, but the effect was greater with cool-than with warm-season inoculum. The pea inoculum reduced root and shoot dry weight by 29% and 20%, respectively, while the cowpea inoculum reduced root and shoot dry weight by 11% and 2%, respectively. Although only early seedling growth was evaluated, such a delay or inhibition in seedling growth would reduce the competitiveness of the grasses and result in reduced yields. C1 [Williams, R. D.; Bartholomew, P. W.] Langston Univ, GRL, USDA ARS, Langston, OK 73050 USA. RP Williams, RD (reprint author), Langston Univ, GRL, USDA ARS, POB 1730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM rdwms@luresext.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL PI ROHTAK PA INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 21 IS 2 BP 381 EP 387 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 292HL UT WOS:000255257000018 ER PT J AU Miller, M Ginsberg, HN Schaefer, EJ AF Miller, Michael Ginsberg, Henry N. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Relative atherogenicity and predictive value of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for coronary heart disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATION; ARTERY-DISEASE; LIPID MEASURES; FOLLOW-UP; RISK; WOMEN; MEN; METABOLISM; GUIDELINES AB Although low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-established atherogenic factor for coronary heart disease, it does not completely r epresent the risk associated with atherogenic lipoproteins in the presence of high triglyceride (TG) levels. Constituent lipoproteins constituting non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) include atherogenic TG-rich lipoproteins, cholesteryl ester-enriched remnants of TG-rich lipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a). Recent observational and intervention studies suggest that the predictive value of non-HDL-C for cardiovascular risk and mortality is better than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and that non-HDL-C correlates highly with plasma apolipoprotein B levels. Currently, the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines identify non-HDL-C as a secondary target of therapy in patients with TG elevation (>= 200 mg/dl) after the attainment of LDL-C target goals. In patients with coronary heart disease or coronary heart disease risk equivalents, an optional non-HDL-C goal is < 100 mg/dI. To achieve the non-HDL-C goal, statin therapy may be intensified or combined with ezetimibe, niacin, a fibrate, or omega-3 fatty acids. In conclusion, non-HDL-C remains an important target of therapy for patients with elevated TGs, although its widespread adoption has yet to gain a foothold among health care professionals treating patients with dyslipidemia. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Miller, Michael] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Ginsberg, Henry N.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Irving Inst Clin & Translat Res, New York, NY USA. [Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Miller, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM mmiller@medicine.umaryland.edu NR 38 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 6 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 BP 1003 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.11.046 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 283TE UT WOS:000254658600016 PM 18359322 ER PT J AU Paine, MF Widmer, WW Pusek, SN Beavers, KL Criss, AB Snyder, J Watkins, PB AF Paine, Mary F. Widmer, Wilbur W. Pusek, Susan N. Beavers, Kimberly L. Criss, Anne B. Snyder, Jennifer Watkins, Paul B. TI Further characterization of a furanocournarin-free grapefruit juice on drug disposition: studies with cyclosporine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL CYP3A4 INHIBITION; SEVILLE ORANGE JUICE; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; CACO-2 CELLS; FURANOCOUMARIN DERIVATIVES; POLYMETHOXYLATED FLAVONES; CYTOCHROME-P450 3A4; ORAL AVAILABILITY; CITRUS JUICES; FELODIPINE INTERACTION AB Background: We previously established furanocoumarins as mediators of the interaction between grapefruit juice (GFJ) and the model CYP3A4 substrate felodipine in healthy volunteers using a GFJ devoid of furanocoumarins. It remains unclear whether furanocoumarins mediate drug-GFJ interactions involving CYP3A4 substrates that are also P-glycoprotein substrates. Objective: The effects of furanocoumarin-free GFJ on drug disposition were further characterized by using the dual CYP3A4/P-glycoprotein substrate cyclosporine. Design: By randomized crossover design, 18 healthy volunteers received cyclosporine (5 mg/kg) with 240 mL orange juice (control), GFJ, or furanocoumarin-free GFJ. Blood was collected over 24 h. Juice treatments were separated by >= 1 wk. The effects of diluted extracts of each juice and of purified furanocoumarins on [H-3] cyclosporine translocation in Caco-2 cells were then compared. Results: The median (range) dose-corrected cyclosporine area under the curve and the maximum concentration with GFJ (P >= 0.007), but not with furanocoumarin-free GFJ (P >= 0.50), were significantly higher than those with orange juice [15.6 (6.7-33.5) compared with 11.3 (4.8-22.0) x 10(-3) h/L and 3.0 (1.6-5.8) compared with 2.4 (1. 1-3. 1) mL(-1), respectively]. The median time to reach maximum concentration and terminal elimination half-life were not significantly different between the juices (2-3 and 7- 8 h, respectively; P >= 0.08). Relative to vehicle, the GFJ extract, orange juice extract, and purified furanocoumarins partially increased apical-to-basolateral and decreased basolateral-to-apical [H-3]cyclosporine translocation in Caco-2 cells, whereas the furanocoumarin-free GFJ extract had negligible effects. Reanalysis of the clinical juices identified poly-methoxyflavones as candidate P-glycoprotein inhibitors in orange juice but not in GFJ. Conclusions: Furanocoumarins mediate, at least partially, the cyclosporine-GFJ interaction in vivo. A plausible mechanism involves the combined inhibition of enteric CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein. C1 [Paine, Mary F.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Pusek, Susan N.; Criss, Anne B.; Watkins, Paul B.] Univ N Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Beavers, Kimberly L.; Snyder, Jennifer; Watkins, Paul B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Widmer, Wilbur W.] USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. RP Paine, MF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, 3312 Kerr Hall,CB 7360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mpaine@unc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR000046]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM38149] NR 47 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 4 BP 863 EP 871 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 288UT UT WOS:000255012000011 PM 18400708 ER PT J AU Yates, AA Holden, J Gebhardt, S Murphy, SP AF Yates, Allison A. Holden, Joanne Gebhardt, Susan Murphy, Suzanne P. TI An error in the US Department of Agriculture nutrient database results in vitamin A values that are 6 times too high - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter C1 [Yates, Allison A.; Holden, Joanne; Gebhardt, Susan; Murphy, Suzanne P.] USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Murphy, Suzanne P.] Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Yates, AA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 307C,Rm 117,10300 N Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM allison.yates@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1068 EP 1069 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 288UT UT WOS:000255012000043 ER PT J AU Holden, JM Lemar, LE Exler, J AF Holden, Joanne M. Lemar, Linda E. Exler, Jacob TI Vitamin D in foods: development of the US department of agriculture database SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assessment of Vitamin D in Population-Based Studies held at Experimantal Biology 2007 CY MAY 01, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Nutr, Kraft Foods, Natl Dairy Council ID FORTIFIED MILK; FISH AB Specific data on vitamin D, and vitamin D, are needed to enable the assessment of vitamin D dietary intake. These forms of the vitamin can occur in foods, both naturally or from fortification. The Nutrient Data Laboratory at the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture collaborated with vitamin D experts in an analytic project with 2 major goals: 1) to review and develop methods for analyzing a variety of food items for vitamin D content and 2) to sample and analyze foods considered to be major contributors of vitamin D. During 2007, analysts from up to 6 laboratories compared methods, made modifications in some cases, and validated results with quality-control samples of similar food types in preparation for the analysis of sampled foods. The Nutrient Data Laboratory has prioritized foods for analysis and has identified the following as important contributors of vitamin D: finfish and shellfish, naturally occurring sources, and fortified foods such as milk, calcium-fortified orange juice, breakfast cereals, American cheese, margarines, and yogurt. A nationwide multistage sampling plan was designed and conducted to select and procure representative sample units of all such foods. After analysis of these food samples and review of the results, acceptable values for vitamin D-2 and D-3 will be disseminated in the National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (Internet: http://www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata). C1 [Holden, Joanne M.; Lemar, Linda E.; Exler, Jacob] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Holden, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Room 107, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joanne.holden@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1092S EP 1096S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 288UT UT WOS:000255012000051 PM 18400740 ER PT J AU Romero-Montes, G Lozoya-Saldana, H Mora-Aguilera, G Fernandez-Pavia, S Grunwald, NJ AF Romero-Montes, Gaspar Lozoya-Saldana, Hector Mora-Aguilera, Gustavo Fernandez-Pavia, Sylvia Grunwald, Niklaus J. TI Environment and slow epidemics favor oosporulation of Phytophthora infestans Mont. De Bary, on potato leaves in the Toluca Valley, Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; late blight; epidemics ID LATE-BLIGHT MANAGEMENT; OOSPORE FORMATION; FIELD CONDITIONS; IN-VITRO; GERMINATION; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; VIABILITY; SURVIVAL AB The Toluca Valley, located in the central highlands of Mexico, has optimal climatic conditions for the development of Phytophthora infestans as well as for sexual reproduction due to the presence of two mating types (1:1, ratio). Therefore, it is a suitable place to study late blight epidemics on cultivated potatoes. In order to quantify oospore formation on foliage during the progress of late blight epidemics and to establish the implications of (a) genetic resistance of the host, (b) disease management (fungicide application), and (c) environmental conditions, a study was conducted in the summer of 2002 and 2003 on two potato cultivars during the progress of the epidemic under rainfed and natural infection conditions in the Toluca Valley. The cultivars were exposed to 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0x doses of the protectant fungicide chlorothalonil (1.0x=1.15 kg a. i. ha(-1)). Oosporulation started 56 and 46 days after planting (2002 and 2003, respectively) with a maximum peak at 72 days in the two growing cycles. The total number of oospores in both years on cultivar Zafiro, resistant to P. infestans, was higher than on susceptible cv. Alpha (101 vs. 67). However, there were no statistically significant differences (P=0.40), which suggests that the resistance level of the host did not have a direct influence on oospore formation. The epidemics obtained from each of the treatments were characterized through multivariate analysis. Initial severity (Yo), as a percentage of damage from total foliage, time of total epidemic duration (T-t ), and average of apparent infection rate (b(-1)) were the variables that best explained the epidemics. These epidemics were organized into four groups. The group with an average rate of apparent infection of 0.010-0.015 units day(-1) and a duration of more than 50 days allowed higher oospore formation, regardless of host genotype. The nine days accumulated rainfall prior to the formation of oospores had a significant positive correlation (r >= 0.7) with the absolute number of oospores per leaflet. It is concluded that oosporulation depended more on environmental factors (rain) and on the induction of slow epidemics (disease management), than on the genetic makeup of the host. C1 [Lozoya-Saldana, Hector] Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Fitotecnia, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. [Romero-Montes, Gaspar; Mora-Aguilera, Gustavo] Colegio Posgrad, Inst Fitosanidad, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. [Fernandez-Pavia, Sylvia] Univ Michoacana, Inst Invest Agropecuarias & Forestales, Tarimbaro 58880, Michoacan, Mexico. [Grunwald, Niklaus J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Grunwald, Niklaus J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lozoya-Saldana, H (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Fitotecnia, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. EM lozoya@correo.chapingo.mx RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9004-8 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 294FJ UT WOS:000255390500002 ER PT J AU Suttle, JC AF Suttle, Jeffrey C. TI Effects of synthetic phenylurea and nitroguanidine cytokinins on dormancy break and sprout growth in Russet Burbank minitubers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hormones; potato; Solanum tuberosum; sprouting ID POTATO-TUBER DORMANCY; ABSCISIC-ACID CONTENT; POSTHARVEST STORAGE; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; THIDIAZURON; INVOLVEMENT; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; ETHYLENE AB Minitubers often exhibit a more protracted dormant period relative to their field-grown counterparts and this can have a detrimental impact on plant establishment. Treatment of dormant Russet Burbank minitubers with the synthetic cytokinins N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CP) or 1-(alpha-ethylbenzyl)-3-nitroguanidine (NG) resulted in the premature termination of tuber dormancy. In contrast, treatment with the thidiazoyl-urea cytokinin TZ did not stimulate sprouting. Both CP and NG were more effective than the naturally occurring cytokinin zeatin and, unlike zeatin, both stimulated sprouting in minitubers during early storage. Unlike treatment with gibberellic acid (GA) which often induced excessive sprout growth, sprouts developing from minitubers treated with either cytokinin were short, thick, and robust. Upon transfer to room temperature, the endogenous content of ABA in apical bud periderm discs isolated from control minitubers declined more than 60% over a 15 day period. Treatment with either CP or NG had no appreciable effect on this decline while treatment with GA diminished the decrease in ABA content. Treatment with either synthetic cytokinin resulted in a large and sustained increase in endogenous ethylene production that was detectable immediately prior to visible sprout growth. In contrast, GA treatment resulted in a much smaller increase that was observed after sprout growth commenced. These results indicate that either CP or NG treatment can be effectively used to prematurely terminate tuber dormancy and induce sprout growth. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM jeff.suttle@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 85 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9002-x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 294FJ UT WOS:000255390500004 ER PT J AU Floyd, MF Spengler, JO Maddock, JE Gobster, PH Suau, LJ AF Floyd, Myron F. Spengler, John O. Maddock, Jason E. Gobster, Paul H. Suau, Luis J. TI Park-based physical activity in diverse communities of two US cities - An observational study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC PARKS; OBESITY; HEALTH AB Background: Systematic study of human behavior in public parks and specific activity settings can inform policy to promote physical activity in diverse communities. Methods: Direct observation was used to assess physical activity in public parks in Tampa FL (n= 10) and Chicago IL (n= 18). Parks were selected from census tracts with high concentrations of white, African-American, and Hispanic populations. Representation from low- and high-income census tracts was also achieved. Physical activity was measured by a modified version of the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY). Activity codes from SOPLAY were transformed to energy expenditure per person (kcal/kg/min). Results: Seventy percent of Tampa and 51% of Chicago park users were observed engaged in sedentary behavior. In both cities, children were more likely than adults to be observed in walking or vigorous activity. In Tampa, parks located in neighborhoods with the highest concentration of Hispanic residents were associated with greatest levels of energy expenditure. In Chicago, parks in neighborhoods with the highest concentration of African Americans showed the highest energy expenditure per person. Gender was associated with physical activity only in Tampa parks. Energy expenditure also varied by activity areas. Conclusions: More than one half of park users in both cities engaged in sedentary behavior. While differences in park-based physical activity by neighborhood income and racial/ethnic composition were observed, these differences can more likely be attributed to the types of designated activity areas that support physical activity. The study findings suggest that specific configurations of park environments can enhance physical activity in parks. C1 [Floyd, Myron F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Parks Recreat & Tourism Management, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Spengler, John O.; Suau, Luis J.] Univ Florida, Dept Tourism Recreat & Sport Management, Gainesville, FL USA. [Maddock, Jason E.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gobster, Paul H.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL USA. RP Floyd, MF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Parks Recreat & Tourism Management, Box 8004,4012D Biltmore Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM myron_floyd@ncsu.edu RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013; OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310; Maddock, Jay/0000-0002-1119-0300 NR 24 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.01.009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 279TR UT WOS:000254378100005 PM 18374243 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Layton, RC Straus, DC Ayers, JR AF Purdy, Charles W. Layton, Robert C. Straus, David C. Ayers, J. R. TI Effects of inhaled fine dust on lung tissue changes and antibody response induced by spores of opportunistic fungi in goats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FEEDYARD DUST; AIR-POLLUTION; WEANLING GOATS; US CITIES; PARTICLES; MORTALITY; ENDOTOXIN; TRANSPLANTATION; MUCORMYCOSIS; PNEUMONIA AB Objective-To investigate the effects of sterile fine dust aerosol inhalation on antibody responses and lung tissue changes induced by Mucor ramosissimus or Trichoderma viride spores following intratracheal inoculation in goats. Animals-36 weanling Boer-Spanish goats. Procedures-6 goats were allocated to each of 2 M ramosissimus-inoculated groups, 2 T viride-inoculated groups, and 2 control (tent or pen) groups. One of each pair of spore-treated groups and the tent control group were exposed 7 times to sterilized fine feedyard dust (mean +/- SD particle diameter, < 772 +/- 0.69 mu m) for 4 hours in a specially constructed tent. Goats in the 4 fungal treatment groups were inoculated intratracheally 5 times with a fungal spore preparation (30 mL), whereas tent control goats were intratracheally inoculated with physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (30 mL). Pen control goats were not inoculated or exposed to dust. Goats received an IV challenge with equine RBCs to assess antibody responses to foreign antigens. Postmortem examinations were performed at study completion (day 68) to evaluate lung tissue lesions. Results-5 of 7 deaths occurred between days 18 and 45 and were attributed to fine dust exposures prior to fungal treatments. Fine dust inhalation induced similar lung lesions and precipitating antibodies among spore-treated goats. Following spore inoculations, dust-exposed goats had significantly more spores per gram of consolidated lung tissue than did their nonexposed counterparts. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Fine dust inhalation appeared to decrease the ability of goats to successfully clear fungal spores from the lungs following intratracheal inoculation. C1 [Purdy, Charles W.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Layton, Robert C.; Straus, David C.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Biomed Sci, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Ayers, J. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Purdy, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 69 IS 4 BP 501 EP 511 DI 10.2460/ajvr.69.4.501 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 285YK UT WOS:000254811900008 PM 18380582 ER PT J AU Haney, A Apfelbaum, S Burris, JM AF Haney, Alan Apfelbaum, Steven Burris, John M. TI Thirty years of post-fire succession in a southern boreal forest bird community SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA; FIRE; POPULATIONS; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY; WILDFIRE AB Birds and vegetation were surveyed in a 9 ha plot in spring 1976 in a 73 y-old jack pine (Pinus banksiana) - black spruce (Picea mariana) forest in northeastern Minnesota. A 1368 ha wildfire burned across the area that autumn. The plot was resurveyed in 1977 and periodically through 2006. Before the fire, birds with the highest importance values were Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) and Bay-breasted Warbler (D. castanea). Within 7 y following the fire, canopy tree cover decreased to near zero as fire-damaged trees died. Afterwards, the canopy began increasing, reaching 53% cover by 30 y. Shrub cover, 8% before the fire, peaked at over 70% two decades after fire, primarily as a result of dense jack pine and black spruce regeneration, and then decreased to 58% 30 y after fire. The total number of bird species using the area doubled the first year following the fire while the number of bird species with discernable territories decreased 40%. Thereafter, territorial species began increasing and 30 y after the fire the number exceeded the pre-fire richness by 60%. Overall, density of bird territories decreased nearly three-fold the first 3 y after the fire, but by year 30, was over 56% greater than in the pre-burn mature pine forest. Loss of canopy was related to a reduction in warbler and vireo diversity while increases in woody debris and near-ground vegetation were related to an increase in ground-brush foragers such as White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) and Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina). Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) populations increased briefly as trees died, and for five years following fire there was an increase in woodpeckers and secondary cavity nesting species. At 7 to 10 y after fire, White-throated Sparrow, Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia), Chestnut-sided Warbler (D. pensylvanica), Nashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla) and Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia) dominated. White-throated Sparrow continued to be the most important bird species through the first two decades, followed by Magnolia Warbler and Red-eyed Vireo. Thirty years after fire, the dominant birds were Nashville Warbler and Ovenbird, followed distantly by Veery (Catharus fuscescens) Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) and Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia). Overall, bird species using the area after 30 y remained over 70% higher than in the mature forest before the fire. C1 [Haney, Alan] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Apfelbaum, Steven] Appl Ecol Serv, Brodhead, WI 53520 USA. [Burris, John M.] USDA, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Haney, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM ahaney@uwsp.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 25 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2008 VL 159 IS 2 BP 421 EP 433 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[421:TYOPSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 286KH UT WOS:000254844300015 ER PT J AU Homyack, JA Vashon, JH Libby, C Lindquist, EL Loch, S McAlpine, DF Pilgrim, KL Schwartz, MK AF Homyack, Jessica A. Vashon, Jennifer H. Libby, Cade Lindquist, Edward L. Loch, Steve McAlpine, Donald F. Pilgrim, Kristine L. Schwartz, Michael K. TI Canada lynx-bobcat (Lynx canadensis x L. rufus) hybrids at the southern periphery of lynx range in Maine, Minnesota and new Brunswick SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION AB Hybridization between federally threatened Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) and bobcat (L. rufus) was recently documented in the United States, but little is known regarding physical characteristics of hybrids compared to parent species. We report on the morphology and physical characteristics of five of seven Canada lynx-bobcat hybrids detected near the southern extent of the lynx's geographic range in Maine, Minnesota and New Brunswick. Hybrids displayed a range of physical characteristics, including features common to both lynx and bobcat, or that were intermediate in character. Observation of an adult female hybrid with three kittens, as well as placental scars in the reproductive tract of a second animal, suggest that hybrids may be reproducing successfully. We recommend that careful measurement, recording and photographing of key characteristics as well as genetic analysis of suspected lynx-bobcat hybrids be priorities for natural resource agencies where hybridization between these species may occur. C1 [McAlpine, Donald F.] New Brunswick Museum, Dept Nat Sci, St John, NB E2K 1E5, Canada. [Homyack, Jessica A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Vashon, Jennifer H.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Libby, Cade] New Brunswick Dept Nat Resources, Fredericton, NB E3B 5H1, Canada. [Lindquist, Edward L.; Loch, Steve] US Forest Serv, Duluth, MN 55808 USA. [Pilgrim, Kristine L.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP McAlpine, DF (reprint author), New Brunswick Museum, Dept Nat Sci, 277 Douglas Ave, St John, NB E2K 1E5, Canada. EM donald.mcalpine@nbm-mnb.ca RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2008 VL 159 IS 2 BP 504 EP 508 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[504:CLLCLR]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 286KH UT WOS:000254844300024 ER PT J AU Kolbe, DR Clough, NEC AF Kolbe, D. R. Clough, N. E. Coe TI Correlation of Clostridium botulinum type C antitoxin titers in mink and guinea pigs to protection against type C intoxication in mink SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE Clostridium botulinum toxin; vaccine; antitoxin titer; mink; guinea pigs AB In USA, the potency of commercial vaccines containing Clostridium botulinum type C toxoid is determined by a mink vaccination-challenge assay outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9, Part 113.110. A more humane potency test is desired, and this study provides preliminary data in support of a serological assay that correlates post-vaccination antitoxin titers of guinea pigs to vaccine efficacy in mink. Mink and guinea pigs were injected with varying dilutions of a vaccine containing C botulinum type C toxoid. Blood samples were collected from each animal prior to challenging the mink with type C toxin. Serum antitoxin titers of mink and guinea pigs were measured by a mouse protection test, and the results were compared to the outcome of the toxin challenge in mink. A dose-dependent antitoxin response was observed in guinea pigs vaccinated with the critical dilutions of vaccine bracketing the minimum protective dose in mink. These preliminary data suggest that it may be possible to correlate post-vaccination antitoxin titers in guinea pigs to vaccine efficacy in mink. This correlation could be used as the basis for a more humane potency test for C botulinum type C toxoids. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kolbe, D. R.; Clough, N. E. Coe] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kolbe, DR (reprint author), USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Donald.R.Kolbe@aphis.usda.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 2 BP 128 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.09.007 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 304IQ UT WOS:000256103600012 PM 18032073 ER PT J AU Schneider, MJ Lehotay, SJ AF Schneider, Marilyn J. Lehotay, Steven J. TI A comparison of the FAST, Premi (R) and KIS (TM) tests for screening antibiotic residues in beef kidney juice and serum SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fast antimicrobial screening test; Premi (R); KIS (TM); screening antibiotic; residues; beef ID ANIMAL-TISSUES; MUSCLE; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIMICROBIALS; PRODUCTS; SAMPLES; ELISA; MEAT AB Three microbial inhibition-based screening methods, the fast antimicrobial screening test (FAST), the Premi (R) test, and the kidney inhibition swab (KIS (TM)) test, were evaluated using penicillin G, sulfadimethoxine, oxytetracyline, tylosin, danofloxacin, streptomycin, neomycin, and spectinomycin at a range of fortified concentrations in beef kidney juice and beef serum. Each antibiotic was individually tested simultaneously using the different assays in replicate experiments. Detection threshold concentrations for each analyte in each screening assay were determined for the different matrices. Each assay gave a different detectability profile for the different antibiotics, with the largest differences related to neomycin, which was more sensitively detected by the FAST, and penicillin G, which was detected at lower levels by the Premi (R) and KIS (TM) tests. In addition to practical considerations, analysts can use the information presented in this study to evaluate each kit for applicability to their monitoring needs. C1 [Schneider, Marilyn J.; Lehotay, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Schneider, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marilyn.schneider@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2008 VL 390 IS 7 BP 1775 EP 1779 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-1918-y PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 277SB UT WOS:000254233900011 PM 18253723 ER PT J AU Gorustovich, AA Steimetz, T Nielsen, FH Guglielmotti, MB AF Gorustovich, Alejandro A. Steimetz, Tammy Nielsen, Forrest H. Guglielmotti, Maria B. TI Histomorphometric study of alveolar bone healing in rats fed a boron-deficient diet SO ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bone healing; alveolar bone; boron; histomorphometry ID TOOTH EXTRACTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSIOLOGICAL AMOUNTS; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; PLASMA-LIPIDS; BORIC-ACID; SUPPLEMENTATION; GROWTH; NUTRITION; METABOLISM AB Bone healing after tooth extraction in rats is a suitable experimental model to study bone formation. Thus, we performed a study to determine the effects of boron (B) deficiency on bone healing by using this model. The first lower right molar of weanling Wistar rats was extracted under anesthesia. The animals were divided into two groups: +B (adequate; 3 mg B/kg diet), and -B (boron-deficient; 0.07 mg/kg diet). The animals in both groups were killed in groups of 10 at 7 and 14 days after surgery. The guidelines of the NIH for the care and use of laboratory animals were observed. The mandibles were resected, fixed, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin. Buccolingually oriented sections were obtained at the level of the mesial alveolus and used for histometric evaluations. Total alveolar volume (TAV) and trabecular bone volume per total volume (BV/ TV) in the apical third of the alveolus were determined. Percentages of osteoblast surface (ObS), eroded surface (ES), and quiescent surface (QS) were determined. No statistical significant differences in food intake and body weight were observed. Histomorphometric evaluation found -B rats had 36% and 63% reductions in BV/TV at 7 and 14 days, respectively. When compared with +B rats, -B rats had significant reductions (57% and 87%) in ObS concomitantly with increases (120% and 126%) in QS at 7 and 14 days, respectively. The findings show that boron deficiency results in altered bone healing because of a marked reduction in osteogenesis. C1 [Gorustovich, Alejandro A.] Natl Atom Energy Commiss CNEA Reg Noroeste, Res Lab, Salta, Argentina. [Gorustovich, Alejandro A.; Guglielmotti, Maria B.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Steimetz, Tammy; Guglielmotti, Maria B.] Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Pathol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Nielsen, Forrest H.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Gorustovich, AA (reprint author), Natl Atom Energy Commiss CNEA Reg Noroeste, Res Lab, Salta, Argentina. EM agorustovich@gmail.com NR 50 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1932-8486 J9 ANAT REC JI Anat. Rec. PD APR PY 2008 VL 291 IS 4 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1002/ar.20672 PG 7 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 276FT UT WOS:000254127400007 PM 18361451 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Fergen, JK Riedell, WE AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Fergen, Janet K. Riedell, Walter E. TI The influence of plant anatomy on oviposition and reproductive success of the omnivorous bug Orius insidiosus SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE biological control; Orius insidiosus; oviposition; predator; reproductive success; trichomes; weed ID APHIS-GLYCINES MATSUMURA; SOYBEAN APHID; SITE SELECTION; PREDATOR; HEMIPTERA; ANTHOCORIDAE; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; POTATO; GROWTH AB The mechanisms whereby the reproductive behaviour and success of omnivorous insects are influenced by plant characteristics are poorly understood. We examined how the oviposition behaviour of zoophytophagous Orius insidiosus and the subsequent longevity of its progeny are influenced by the physical structure and internal anatomy of five plant species. Female O. insidiosus oviposit into plant species with the thinnest layers of epidermal and collenchyma cells, a decision that is significantly correlated with the survival of their offspring. Once a plant species is chosen, the female mainly bases her oviposition decisions on epidermal thickness and the surface density of hair-like appendages on the plants. That females laid more eggs and nymphs survived longer on plants with thinner external tissues suggest that the mechanisms that drive female oviposition decisions have evolved such that optimal plant-based resources are available for the females' progeny. Microscopic examination of plant anatomical features revealed that vascular and cellular tissues are fully accessible to the piercing-sucking mouthparts of the developing insects, suggesting that multiple sources of plant nutrients are available to this omnivore. The ecological implications of plant-based contributions to O. insidiosus fitness are discussed. The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Fergen, Janet K.; Riedell, Walter E.] USDA ARS, NCARL, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCARL, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jlundgren@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD APR PY 2008 VL 75 BP 1495 EP 1502 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.029 PN 4 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 278BH UT WOS:000254258000032 ER PT J AU Ma, XF Gustafson, JP AF Ma, Xue-Feng Gustafson, J. Perry TI Allopolyploidization-accommodated genomic sequence changes in triticale SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Plant Genome Horizons - Vistas and Visions CY APR 16-17, 2007 CL Royal Bot Gardens, Kew, ENGLAND HO Royal Bot Gardens DE triticale; wheat; rye; allopolyploid; genome evolution; sequence elimination ID NEWLY SYNTHESIZED AMPHIPLOIDS; DNA-SEQUENCES; CYTOSINE METHYLATION; NUCLEOLAR DOMINANCE; WHEAT; EVOLUTION; PLANTS; DUPLICATION; ELIMINATION; POLYPLOIDS AB Background Allopolyploidization is one of the major evolutionary modes of plant speciation. Recent interest in studying allopolyploids has provided significant novel insights into the mechanisms of allopolyploid formation. Compelling evidence indicates that genetic and/or epigenetic changes have played significant roles in shaping allopolyploids, but rates and modes of the changes can be very different among various species. Triticale (x Triticosecale) is an artificial species that has been used to study the evolutionary course of complex allopolyploids due to its recent origin and availability of a highly diversified germplasm pool. Scope This review summarizes recent genomics studies implemented in hexaploid and octoploid triticales and discusses the mechanisms of the changes and compares the major differences between genomic changes in triticale and other allopolyploid species. Conclusions Molecular studies have indicated extensive non-additive sequence changes or modifications in triticale, and the degree of variation appears to be higher than in other allopolyploid species. The data indicate that at least some sequence changes are non-random, and appear to be a function of genome relations, ploidy levels and sequence types. Specifically, the rye parental genome demonstrated a higher level of changes than the wheat genome. The frequency of lost parental bands was much higher than the frequency of gained novel bands, suggesting that sequence modification and/or elimination might be a major force causing genome variation in triticale. It was also shown that 68 % of the total changes occurred immediately following wide hybridization, but before chromosome doubling. Genome evolution following chromosome doubling occurred more slowly at a very low rate and the changes were mainly observed in the first five or so generations. The data suggest that cytoplasm and relationships between parental genomes are key factors in determining the direction, amount, timing and rate of genomic sequence variation that occurred during inter-generic allopolyploidization in this system. C1 [Gustafson, J. Perry] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ma, Xue-Feng] Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Perry.Gustafson@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 EI 1095-8290 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD APR PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 825 EP 832 DI 10.1093/aob/mcm331 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 290VH UT WOS:000255150300009 PM 18252766 ER PT J AU Brandl, MT Amundson, R AF Brandl, M. T. Amundson, R. TI Leaf age as a risk factor in contamination of lettuce with Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella enterica SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; EPIPHYTIC BACTERIA; CHLORINATED WATER; SEROVAR THOMPSON; POPULATION SIZES; FRESH PRODUCE; UNITED-STATES; PHYLLOSPHERE; LEAVES; PLANTS AB Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections have been linked increasingly to leafy greens, particularly to lettuce. We present here the first evidence that this enteric pathogen can multiply on the leaves of romaine lettuce plants. The increases in population size of E. coli O157:H7 in the phyllosphere of young lettuce plants ranged from 16- to 100-fold under conditions of warm temperature and the presence of free water on the leaves and varied significantly with leaf age. The population size was consistently ca. 10-fold higher on the young (inner) leaves than on the middle leaves. The growth rates of Salmonella enterica and of the natural bacterial microflora were similarly leaf age dependent. Both enteric pathogens also achieved higher population sizes on young leaves than on middle leaves harvested from mature lettuce heads, suggesting that leaf age affects preharvest as well as postharvest colonization. Elemental analysis of the exudates collected from the surfaces of leaves of different ages revealed that young-leaf exudates were 2.9 and 1.5 times richer in total nitrogen and carbon, respectively, than middle-leaf exudates. This trend mirrored the nitrogen and carbon content of the leaf tissue. Application of ammonium nitrate, but not glucose, to middle leaves enhanced the growth of E. coli O157:H7 significantly, suggesting that low nitrogen limits its growth on these leaves. Our results indicate that leaf age and nitrogen content contribute to shaping the bacterial communities of preharvest and postharvest lettuce and that young lettuce leaves may be associated with a greater risk of contamination with E. coli O157:H7. C1 [Brandl, M. T.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Micorbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Amundson, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brandl, MT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Micorbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mbrandl@pw.usda.gov RI Amundson, Ronald /E-2654-2015 NR 43 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 8 BP 2298 EP 2306 DI 10.1128/AEM.02459-07 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 288XD UT WOS:000255018500005 PM 18310433 ER PT J AU Lee, J Jurgenson, JE Leslie, JF Bowden, RL AF Lee, Jungkwan Jurgenson, James E. Leslie, John F. Bowden, Robert L. TI Alignment of genetic and physical maps of Gibberella zeae SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATING-TYPE CHROMOSOME; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; NEUROSPORA-TETRASPERMA; SEX-CHROMOSOMES; WHEAT SCAB; EVOLUTION; RECOMBINATION; LOCUS; REARRANGEMENTS AB We previously published a genetic map of Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum sensu lato) based on a cross between Kansas strain Z-3639 (lineage 7) and Japanese strain R-5470 (lineage 6). In this study, that genetic map was aligned with the third assembly of the genomic sequence of G. zeae strain PH-I (lineage 7) using seven structural genes and 108 sequenced amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Several linkage groups were combined based on the alignments, the nine original linkage groups were reduced to six groups, and the total size of the genetic map was reduced from 1,286 to 1,140 centimorgans. Nine supercontigs, comprising 99.2% of the genomic sequence assembly, were anchored to the genetic map. Eight markers (four markers from each parent) were not found in the genome assembly, and four of these markers were closely linked, suggesting that >150 kb of DNA sequence is missing from the PH-1 genome assembly. The alignments of the linkage groups and supercontigs yielded four independent sets, which is consistent with the four chromosomes reported for this fungus. Two proposed heterozygous inversions were confirmed by the alignments; otherwise, the colinearity of the genetic and physical maps was high. Two of four regions with segregation distortion were explained by the two selectable markers employed in making the cross. The average recombination rates for each chromosome were similar to those previously reported for G. zeae. Despite an inferred history of genetic isolation of lineage 6 and lineage 7, the chromosomes of these lineages remain homologous and are capable of recombination along their entire lengths, even within the inversions. This genetic map can now be used in conjunction with the physical sequence to study phenotypes (e.g., fertility and fitness) and genetic features (e.g., centromeres and recombination frequency) that do not have a known molecular signature in the genome. C1 [Bowden, Robert L.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lee, Jungkwan; Leslie, John F.] Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Jurgenson, James E.] Univ No Iowa, Dept Biol, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. RP Bowden, RL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM robert.bowden@ars.usda.gov RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 47 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 8 BP 2349 EP 2359 DI 10.1128/AEM.01866-07 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 288XD UT WOS:000255018500011 PM 18263740 ER PT J AU Gourabathini, P Brandl, MT Redding, KS Gunderson, JH Berk, SG AF Gourabathini, Poornima Brandl, Maria T. Redding, Katherine S. Gunderson, John H. Berk, Sharon G. TI Interactions between food-borne pathogens and protozoa isolated from lettuce and spinach SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR THOMPSON; VIABLE COUNT METHOD; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; ACANTHAMOEBA-POLYPHAGA; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; AQUATIC BACTERIA; ALFALFA SPROUTS; SURVIVAL; VESICLES AB The survival of Salmonella enterica was recently shown to increase when the bacteria were sequestered in expelled food vacuoles (vesicles) of Tetrahymena. Because fresh produce is increasingly linked to outbreaks of enteric illness, the present investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of protozoa on spinach and lettuce and to examine their interactions with S. enterica, Escherichia coli O157:117, and Listeria monocytogenes. Glaucoma sp., Colpoda steinii, and Acanthamoeba palestinensis were cultured from store-bought spinach and lettuce and used in our study. A strain of Tetrahymena pyriformis previously isolated from spinach and a soil-borne Tetrahymena sp. were also used. Washed protozoa were allowed to graze on green fluorescent protein-or red fluorescent protein-labeled enteric pathogens. Significant differences in interactions among the various protist-enteric pathogen combinations were observed. Vesicles were produced by Glaucoma with all of the bacterial strains, although L. monocytogenes resulted in the smallest number per ciliate. Vesicle production was observed also during grazing of Tetrahymena on E. coli O157:117 and S. enterica but not during grazing on L. monocytogenes, in vitro and on leaves. All vesicles contained intact fluorescing bacteria. In contrast, C. steinii and the amoeba did not produce vesicles from any of the enteric pathogens, nor were pathogens trapped within their cysts. Studies of the fate of E. coli O157:117 in expelled vesicles revealed that by 4 It after addition of spinach extract, the bacteria multiplied and escaped the vesicles. The presence of protozoa on leafy vegetables and their sequestration of enteric bacteria in vesicles indicate that they may play an important role in the ecology of human pathogens on produce. C1 [Gourabathini, Poornima; Redding, Katherine S.; Gunderson, John H.; Berk, Sharon G.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Management Utilizat & Protect Water Resources, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Brandl, Maria T.] USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Berk, SG (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Management Utilizat & Protect Water Resources, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM sberk@tntech.edu NR 35 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 8 BP 2518 EP 2525 DI 10.1128/AEM.02709-07 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 288XD UT WOS:000255018500032 PM 18310421 ER PT J AU Kawasaki, S Fratamico, PA Wesley, IV Kawamotol, S AF Kawasaki, Susumu Fratamico, Pina A. Wesley, Irene V. Kawamotol, Shinichi TI Species-specific identification of campylobacters by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR targeting of the gyrase B gene SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; OUTBREAK; JEJUNI; FETUS; GYRB; GASTROENTERITIS; CLONING AB PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a 960-bp fragment of the Campylobacter gyrB gene with either Ddel or XspI restriction enzymes generated unique digestion patterns for 12 different Campylobacter species. In addition, PCR assays using species-specific primer sets targeting gyrB were specific for the respective Campylobacter species. Therefore, PCR-RFLP analysis and species-specific PCR assays based on the gyrB gene provide valuable tools for rapid and unambiguous identification of the majority of Campylobacter species. C1 [Kawasaki, Susumu; Kawamotol, Shinichi] Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. [Fratamico, Pina A.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Wesley, Irene V.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kawasaki, S (reprint author), Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Team, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM skawasa@affrc.go.jp NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 8 BP 2529 EP 2533 DI 10.1128/AEM.00975-07 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 288XD UT WOS:000255018500034 PM 18296535 ER PT J AU Kanaan, VT Pajor, EA Lay, DC Richert, BT Garner, JP AF Kanaan, Vanessa T. Pajor, Edmond A. Lay, Donald C., Jr. Richert, Brian T. Garner, Joseph. P. TI A note on the effects of co-mingling piglet litters on pre-weaning growth, injuries and responses to behavioural tests SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE piglet; co-mingling; pre-weaning; coping; behavioural tests; growth; suckling behaviour ID POST-WEANING BEHAVIOR; PIGS; PERFORMANCE; AREA; SOWS AB The purpose of this study was to determine how co-mingling litters affected piglets' pre-weaning growth, ear injuries, suckling behaviour and responses to behavioural tests used to measure coping abilities. Thirty sows and their respective litters were housed in standard farrowing crates until day 13 after birth. On day 13, the partition between two neighbouring pens was removed for 20 litters allowing piglets to interact (forming 10 co-mingled litters). The remaining 10 control litters were kept in standard farrowing crates throughout the experiment. Three focal piglets from each litter were used for data collection. Focal piglets were weighed and ear injuries recorded on days 2, 4, 9, 12, 15 and 18 after birth. There were no differences in piglets' weight gain before or after co-mingling. Ear injuries were more abundant in co-mingled litters on day 15 (P < 0.05) but these differences disappeared by day 18. Suckling behaviour was recorded on days 5, 8, 10, 14, 16 and 18 after birth. There were no differences in teat fidelity, suckling frequency and mother fidelity between treatments. Three behavioural tests, social challenge, isolation, and backtest, were performed before and after co-mingling. There were no treatment effects on piglets' response to the isolation test and backtest. Co-mingled piglets showed longer latency for the first aggressive interaction (P < 0.05), spent more time in proximity to one another (P < 0.05) and performed less single bites (P < 0.05) than control piglets during the social challenge. In addition, the duration and frequency of aggressive interactions (P < 0.05) were lower in co-mingled piglets than control piglets. Co-mingling did not affect the frequency of single head thrusts or oral-nasal contact, but did tend to increase the frequency of escape attempts (P < 0.10). Our results suggest that co-mingling litters during lactation affects piglets' social behaviour, by primarily decreasing aggressive interactions during social challenges. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kanaan, Vanessa T.; Pajor, Edmond A.; Richert, Brian T.; Garner, Joseph. P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lay, Donald C., Jr.] USDA ARS, MWA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Kanaan, VT (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Poultry Sci Bldg,Room 210,125 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM vkanaan@purdue.edu RI Garner, Joseph/C-8422-2009 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3-4 BP 386 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2007.05.002 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 285LS UT WOS:000254778900015 ER PT J AU Leathers, TD Cote, GL AF Leathers, Timothy D. Cote, Gregory L. TI Biofilm formation by exopolysaccharide mutants of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-1355 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternan; biofilm; dextran; exopolysaccharides; Leuconostoc mesenteroides ID GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; ALTERNANSUCRASE; ALGINATE; STARVATION; DEXTRANS; BACTERIA; ADHESION; BIOMASS AB Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-1355 produces the soluble exopolysaccharides alternan and dextran in planktonic cultures. Mutants of this strain are available that are deficient in the production of alternan, dextran, or both. Another mutant of NRRL B-1355, strain R1510, produces an insoluble glucan in place of alternan and dextran. To test the effect of exopolysaccharide production on biofilm formation, these strains were cultured in a biofilm reactor. All strains grew well as biofilms, with comparable cell densities, including strain NRRL B-21414, which produces neither alternan nor dextran in planktonic cultures. However, the exopolysaccharide phenotype clearly affected the appearance of the biofilms and the sloughed-off biofilm material produced by these biofilms. For all strains, soluble glucansucrases and soluble polysaccharides produced by biofilm cultures appeared to be similar to those produced by planktonic cultures. Biofilms from all strains also contained insoluble polysaccharides. Strain R1510 biofilms contained an insoluble polysaccharide similar to that produced by planktonic cultures. For most other strains, the insoluble biofilm polysaccharides resembled a mixture of alternan and dextran. C1 [Leathers, Timothy D.; Cote, Gregory L.] ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Tim.Leathers@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 31 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1031 DI 10.1007/s00253-008-1384-7 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 278BM UT WOS:000254258500013 PM 18301888 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Cho, BK Lefcourt, AM Chen, YR Kang, S AF Kim, Moon S. Cho, Byoung-Kwan Lefcourt, Alan M. Chen, Yud-Ren Kang, Sukwon TI Multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging of feces-contaminated apples by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence imaging system with tunable excitation wavelengths SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; SPECTRA; LEAVES; PLANTS AB We recently developed a time-resolved multispectral laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging system capable of tunable wavelengths in the visible region for sample excitation and nanosecond-seale characterizations of fluorescence responses (lifetime imaging). Time-dependent fluorescence decay characteristics and fluorescence lifetime imaging of apples artificially contaminated with a range of diluted cow feces were investigated at 670 and 685 run emission bands obtained by 418, 530, and 630 mn excitations. The results demonstrated that a 670 run emission with a 418 nm excitation provided the greatest difference in time-dependent fluorescence responses between the apples and feces-treated spots. The versatilities of the time-resolved LIF imaging system, including fluorescence lifetime imaging of a relatively large biological object in a multispectral excitation-emission wavelength domain, were demonstrated. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Kim, Moon S.; Lefcourt, Alan M.; Chen, Yud-Ren] USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cho, Byoung-Kwan] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioind Machinery Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Kang, Sukwon] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Agr Engn Inst, Nondestruct Qual Evaluat Lab, Suwon, South Korea. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM moon.kim@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1608 EP 1616 DI 10.1364/AO.47.001608 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 293OU UT WOS:000255345400050 PM 18382592 ER PT J AU Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE Griffey, CA Brooks, W Hicks, KB AF Sohn, Miryeong Himmelsbach, David S. Barton, Franklin E., II Griffey, Carl A. Brooks, Wynse Hicks, Kevin B. TI Near-infrared analysis of whole kernel barley: Comparison of three spectrometers SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE whole kernel barley; Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy; FT-NIR spectroscopy; near-infrared spectroscopy; NIR spectroscopy; resolution; fuel ethanol; partial least squares; PLS regression; starch ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY AB This study was conducted to develop calibration models for determining quality parameters of whole kernel barley using a rapid and nondestructive near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic method. Two hundred and five samples of whole barley grains of three winter-habit types (hulled, malt, and hull-less) produced over three growing seasons and from various locations in the United States were used in this study. Among these samples, 137 were used for calibration and 68 for validation. Three NIR instruments with different resolutions, one Fourier transform instrument (4 cm(-1) resolution), and two dispersive instruments (8 nm and 10 nm bandpass) were utilized to develop calibration models for six components (moisture, starch, beta-glucan, protein, oil, and ash) and the results were compared. Partial least squares regression was used to build models, and various methods for preprocessing of spectral data were used to find the best model. Our results reveal that the coefficient of determination for calibration models (NIR predicted versus reference values) ranged from 0.96 for moisture to 0.79 for beta-glucan. The level of precision of the model developed for each component was sufficient for screening or classification of whole kernel barley, except for beta-glucan. The higher resolution Fourier transform instrument gave better results than the lower resolution instrument for starch and beta-glucan analysis. The starch model was most improved by the increased resolution. There was no advantage of using a higher resolution instrument over a lower resolution instrument for other components. Most of the components were best predicted using first-derivative processing, except for beta-glucan, where second-derivative processing was more informative and precise. C1 [Sohn, Miryeong; Himmelsbach, David S.; Barton, Franklin E., II] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Griffey, Carl A.; Brooks, Wynse] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hicks, Kevin B.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sohn, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM miryeong.sohn@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 4 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1366/000370208784046768 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 285VD UT WOS:000254803400013 PM 18416902 ER PT J AU Coleman, TW Meeker, JR Clarke, SR Rieske, LK AF Coleman, T. W. Meeker, James R. Clarke, Stephen R. Rieske, L. K. TI The suppression of Dendroctonus frontalis and subsequent wildfire have an impact on forest stand dynamics SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bark beetle; canonical correspondence analysis; Forest Vegetation Simulator; Pinus taeda; southern pine beetle; wilderness ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; OAK FOREST; VEGETATION SIMULATOR; REGENERATION; FIRE; MAINTENANCE; SCOLYTIDAE; SUCCESSION; COLEOPTERA; PIEDMONT AB Question: Interacting disturbance effects from Dendroctonus frontalis outbreaks and wildfire are thought to maintain Pinus spp. composition in the southeastern U. S. Our objective was to assess forest composition, structure, and succession following the interaction of two frequently occurring disturbance events in southern Pinus spp. forests: cut-and-leave suppression, a commonly used means for managing D. frontalis outbreaks, and wildfire. Location: Western Gulf Coastal Plain, Louisiana, USA. Method: Pinus taeda stands with cut-and-leave suppression and subsequent wildfire were compared to stands undisturbed by D. frontalis but with the same wildfire events twenty years after Pinus spp. mortality. The woody plant community was assessed in three different size classes and used to predict future forest types with the Forest Vegetation Simulator (50 years). Results: P. taeda is the most abundant (> 50%) species of saw-and poletimber-sizes following cut-and-leave suppression with wildfire and in stands only with fire. Using canonical correspondence analysis, vegetation assemblages were primarily explained by slope position and elevation (7.6% variation explained). Fire intensity and stand age also accounted for variance in the ordination (4.4% and 3.1%, respectively). Dominant and co-dominant P. taeda forest types were predicted by the model to be the most abundant forest types in each disturbance regime. In addition, new regeneration represents high hazard for future mortality from D. frontalis. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that cut-and-leave suppression with additional wildfire disturbance maintains P. taeda composition, and does not alter forest composition differently from stands receiving only wildfire. As a result, predicted Pinus spp. basal area under both disturbances is great enough to facilitate future bark beetle disturbance. C1 [Coleman, T. W.; Rieske, L. K.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Clarke, Stephen R.] USDA, Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, Lufkin, TX 75901 USA. RP Rieske, LK (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, S-225 Ag N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM tomwcoleman@yahoo.com; jrmeeker@fs.fed.us; sclarke@fs.fed.us; lrieske@uky.edu NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1402-2001 J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 231 EP U48 DI 10.3170/2008-7-18362 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 291XC UT WOS:000255229600010 ER PT J AU Hamlin, HJ MichaelS, JT Beaulaton, CM Graham, WF Dutt, W Steinbach, P Losordo, TM Schrader, KK Main, KL AF Hamlin, H. J. MichaelS, J. T. Beaulaton, C. M. Graham, W. F. Dutt, W. Steinbach, P. Losordo, T. M. Schrader, K. K. Main, K. L. TI Comparing denitrification rates and carbon sources in commercial scale upflow denitrification biological filters in aquaculture SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE recirculating aquaculture system; nitrate; denitrification; carbon; off-flavor ID PSEUDOMONAS-BUTANOVORA CELLS; NITRATE REMOVAL; IMMOBILIZED PSEUDOMONAS; FRESH-WATER; SEAWATER SYSTEM; NITRIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; CULTURE; NITRITE; REACTOR AB Aerobic biological filtration systems employing nitrifying bacteria to remediate excess ammonia and nitrite concentrations are common components of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). However, significant water exchange may still be necessary to reduce nitrate concentrations to acceptable levels unless denitrification systems are included in the RAS design. This study evaluated the design of a full scale denitrification reactor in a. commercial culture RAS application. Four carbon sources were TM evaluated including methanol, acetic acid, molasses and Cerelose, a hydrolyzed starch, to determine their applicability under commercial culture conditions and to determine if any of these carbon sources encouraged the production of two common "Offflavor" compounds, 2-methyisoborneol (MIB) or geosmin. The denitrification design consisted of a 1.89 m(3) covered conical bottom polyethylene tank containing 1.0 m(3) media through which water up-flowed at a rate of 10 lpm. A commercial aquaculture system housing 6 metric tonnes of Siberian sturgeon was used to generate nitrate through nitrification in a moving bed biological filter. All four carbon sources were able to effectively reduce nitrate to near zero concentrations from influent concentrations ranging from 11 to 57 mg/l NO3-N, and the maximum daily denitrification rate was 670-680 g nitrogen removed/m(3) media/day, regardless of the carbon source. Although nitrite production was not a problem once the reactors achieved a constant effluent nitrate, ammonia TM production was a significant problem for units fed molasses and to a less extent Cerelose. Maximum measured ammonia concentrations in the reactor effluents for methanol, vinegar, Cerelose TM and molasses were 1.62 +/- 0.10, 2.83 +/- 0.17, 4.55 +/- 0.45 and 5.25 +/- 1.26 mg/l NH3-N, respectively. Turbidity production was significantly increased in reactors fed molasses and to a less TM extent Cerelose (TM). Concentrations of geosmin and MIB were not significantly increased in any of the denitrification reactors, regardless of carbon source. Because of its very low cost compared to the other sources tested, molasses may be an attractive carbon source for denitrification if issues of ammonia production, turbidity and foaming can be resolved. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hamlin, H. J.; MichaelS, J. T.; Beaulaton, C. M.; Graham, W. F.; Dutt, W.; Main, K. L.] Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Aquat Res & Dev, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Losordo, T. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Steinbach, P.] Neugasse 23D, D-67169 Kallstadt, Germany. [Schrader, K. K.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Hamlin, HJ (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Aquat Res & Dev, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM hjhamlin@ufl.edu NR 60 TC 47 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD APR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 2 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.11.003 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 285IY UT WOS:000254771700001 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Martin, MR Center, TD Davern, TM AF Tipping, Philip W. Martin, Melissa R. Center, Ted D. Davern, Tracy M. TI Suppression of Salvinia molesta Mitchell in Texas and Louisiana by Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE giant salvinia; Salvinia molesta; Cyrtobagous salviniae; classical biological control ID FLOATING WEED SALVINIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; AUSTRALIA; ESTABLISHMENT; FERN AB Release and evaluation studies of the Brazil population of Cyrtobagous salviniae on Salvinia molesta were conducted originally at 18 sites in Texas and Louisiana from 1999 through 2005. However, overall project results could only be continually evaluated at two release and two control sites because the remainder were eventually destroyed or corrupted by floods, droughts, or herbicides. Mean fresh weight biomass of S. molesta ranged from 15.5 kg FW m(-2) during the summer to as low as 2.1 kg FW m(-2) during the winter prior to the release of C. salviniae. Insect populations established within a year of release and initially spread slowly. Damage to S. molesta increased with increasing C. salviniae detections while S. molesta biomass and surface coverage declined at both release sites by more than 99% while remaining unchanged at the control sites. Water in release sites registered higher levels of dissolved oxygen, higher temperatures, and higher pH than water in control sites. This study provides another example of the effectiveness of C. salviniae against S. molesta even in more temperate climates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tipping, Philip W.; Center, Ted D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Martin, Melissa R.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Davern, Tracy M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM philip.tipping@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD APR PY 2008 VL 88 IS 3 BP 196 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.10.010 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 280SY UT WOS:000254447700002 ER PT J AU Aneja, VP Blunden, J Roelle, PA Schlesinger, WH Knighton, R Niyogi, D Gilliam, W Jennings, G Duke, CS AF Aneja, Viney P. Blunden, Jessica Roelle, Paul A. Schlesinger, William H. Knighton, Raymond Niyogi, Dev Gilliam, Wendell Jennings, Greg Duke, Clifford S. TI Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the science SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE nitrogen; ammonia; sulfur; hydrocarbons; biogenic VOCs; odor; emissions; emission factor; transport; transformation; crop and animal agriculture; measurements; modeling; best management practices; policy ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; DUST; SYSTEM; OXIDES; ODORS; NH3 AB The first Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science was held at the Bolger Center in Potomac, Maryland from 4 to 8 June 2006. This international conference assembled approximately 350 people representing 25 nations from 5 continents, with disciplines ranging from atmospheric chemistry to soil science. The workshop was designed as an open forum in which participants could openly exchange the most current knowledge and learn about numerous international perspectives regarding agricultural air quality. Participants represented many stakeholder groups concerned with the growing need to assess agricultural impacts on the atmosphere and to develop beneficial policies to improve air quality. The workshop focused on identifying methods to improve emissions inventories and best management practices for agriculture. Workshop participants also made recommendations for technological and methodological improvements in current emissions measurement and modeling practices. The workshop commenced with a session on agricultural emissions and was followed by international perspectives from the United States, Europe, Australia, India, and South America. This paper summarizes the findings and issues of the workshop and articulates future research needs. These needs were identified in three general areas: (1) improvement of emissions measurement; (2) development of appropriate emission factors; and (3) implementation of best management practices (BMPs) to minimize negative environmental impacts. Improvements in the appropriate measurements will inform decisions regarding US farming practices. A need was demonstrated for a national/international network to monitor atmospheric emissions from agriculture and their subsequent depositions to surrounding areas. Information collected through such a program may be used to assess model performance and could be critical for evaluating any future regulatory policies or BMPs. The workshop concluded that efforts to maximize benefits and reduce detrimental effects of agricultural production need to transcend disciplinary, geographic, and political boundaries. Also, such efforts should involve natural and social scientists, economists, engineers, business leaders, and decision makers. The workshop came to the conclusion that through these collaborative efforts improvements in air quality from agricultural practices will begin to take effect. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Aneja, Viney P.; Blunden, Jessica; Roelle, Paul A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schlesinger, William H.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Knighton, Raymond] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gilliam, Wendell] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jennings, Greg] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Duke, Clifford S.] Ecol Soc Amer, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Aneja, VP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM viney_aneja@ncsu.edu RI Blunden, Jessica/G-1309-2012; OI Duke, Clifford/0000-0002-8041-4267 NR 63 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 14 BP 3195 EP 3208 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.043 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310WI UT WOS:000256561100001 ER PT J AU Prueger, JH Eichinger, WE Hipps, LE Hatfield, JL Cooper, DI AF Prueger, J. H. Eichinger, W. E. Hipps, L. E. Hatfield, J. L. Cooper, D. I. TI Air-flow distortion and turbulence statistics near an animal facility SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality - State of the Science CY JUN 04-08, 2006 CL Potomac, MD DE turbulence; transport; boundary layer; CAFO AB The emission and dispersion of particulates and gases from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) at local to regional scales is a current issue in science and society. The transport of particulates, odors and toxic chemical species from the source into the local and eventually regional atmosphere is largely determined by turbulence. Any models that attempt to simulate the dispersion of particles must either specify or assume various statistical properties of the turbulence field. Statistical properties of turbulence are well documented for idealized boundary layers above uniform surfaces. However, an animal production facility is a complex surface with structures that act as bluff bodies that distort the turbulence intensity near the buildings. As a result, the initial release and subsequent dispersion of effluents in the region near a facility will be affected by the complex nature of the surface. Previous Lidar studies of plume dispersion over the facility used in this study indicated that plumes move in complex yet organized patterns that would not be explained by the properties of turbulence generally assumed in models. The objective of this study was to characterize the near-surface turbulence statistics in the flow field around an array of animal confinement buildings. Eddy covariance towers were erected in the upwind, within the building array and downwind regions of the flow field. Substantial changes in turbulence intensity statistics and turbulence-kinetic energy (TKE) were observed as the mean wind flow encountered the building structures. Spectra analysis demonstrated unique distribution of the spectral energy in the vertical profile above the buildings. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Prueger, J. H.; Hatfield, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Eichinger, W. E.] Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Hipps, L. E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Cooper, D. I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Prueger, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prueger@nstl.gov OI Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 14 BP 3301 EP 3314 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.048 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310WI UT WOS:000256561100009 ER PT J AU Trabue, S Scoggin, K Mitloehner, F Li, H Burns, R Xin, HW AF Trabue, Steven Scoggin, Kenwood Mitloehner, Frank Li, Hong Burns, Robert Xin, Hongwei TI Field sampling method for quantifying volatile sulfur compounds from animal feeding operations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality - State of the Science CY JUN 04-08, 2006 CL Potomac, MD DE volatile sulfur compounds; animal feeding operations; CAFO; odor ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; NORTH-CAROLINA; SWINE MANURE; AIR; ODOR; QUANTIFICATION; EMISSION AB Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are a major class of chemicals associated with odor from animal feeding operations (AFOs). Identifying and quantifying VSCs in air is challenging due to their volatility, reactivity, and low concentrations. In the present study, a canister-based method collected whole air in fused silica-lined (FSL) mini-canister (1.4 L) following passage through a calcium chloride drying tube. Sampled air from the canisters was removed (10-600 mL), dried, pre-concentrated, and cryofocused into a GC system with parallel detectors (mass spectrometer (MS) and pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD)). The column effluent was split 20:1 between the MS and PFPD. The PFPD equimolar sulfur response enhanced quantitation and the location of sulfur peaks for mass spectral identity and quantitation. Limit of quantitation for the PFPD and MSD was set at the least sensitive VSC (hydrogen sulfide) and determined to be 177 and 28 pg S, respectively, or 0.300 and 0.048 mu g m(-3) air, respectively. Storage stability of hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol was problematic in warm humid air (25 degrees C, 96% relative humidity (RH)) without being dried first, however, stability in canisters dried was still only 65% after 24 h of storage. Storage stability of hydrogen sulfide sampled in the field at a swine facility was over 2 days. The greater stability of field samples compared to laboratory samples was due to the lower temperature and RH of field samples compared to laboratory generated samples. Hydrogen sulfide was the dominant odorous VSCs detected at all swine facilities with methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide detected notably above their odor threshold values. The main odorous VSC detected in aged poultry litter was dimethyl trisulfide. Other VSCs above odor threshold values for poultry facilities were methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Trabue, Steven; Scoggin, Kenwood] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mitloehner, Frank] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Li, Hong; Burns, Robert; Xin, Hongwei] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trabue, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Trabue@nsric.ars.usda.gov RI Li, Hong/B-3657-2011; OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 43 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 14 BP 3332 EP 3341 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310WI UT WOS:000256561100011 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Rowe, DE Owens, PR AF Miles, D. M. Rowe, D. E. Owens, P. R. TI Winter broiler litter gases and nitrogen compounds: Temporal and spatial trends SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality - State of the Science CY JUN 04-08, 2006 CL Potomac, MD DE ammonia; broiler; cake; litter ID AMMONIA EMISSIONS; DIETARY-PROTEIN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AERIAL AMMONIA; CHICKEN LITTER; HOUSES; VOLATILIZATION; VARIABILITY; METHANE; SYSTEMS AB Understanding how animal activities, management, and barn structure affect litter gases and nutrients is fundamental to developing accurate emission models for meat-bird facilities. This research characterized the temporal and spatial variability of litter ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux via a chamber method, as well as determined litter nitrogen (N) compounds by intensive sampling in two commercial broiler houses on aged litter. Thirty-six grid samples were taken during a winter flock in Mississippi on days 2, 22, and 45. On day 45, eight additional samples were taken near the feeders and waterers (F/W). Geostatistical contour plots indicate NH3 flux on day 2 was elevated in the brood area of house one (H1) where litter and air temperatures were highest; a commercial litter treatment held the NH3 flux near zero for approximately 45% of the brood area in house two (H-2). Day 45 NH3 fluxes were similar, averaging 694 lug m(-2) h(-1) in H1 vs. 644 mg m(-2) h(-1) in H2; both houses exhibited greater NH3 flux near the cooling pads. Ammonia flux, litter moisture and pH were diminished at the F/W locations. Heavy cake near the exhaust fans provided the lowest recorded litter pH, highest litter moisture and ammonium (NH4) With no NH3 flux at the flock's end. Trends in litter condition based on bird activity were evident, but individual differences persisted between the houses. The importance of cake formation over the litter surface and differences based on location, both related to bird activity and house structure, should be considered in NH3 mitigation strategies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Miles, D. M.; Rowe, D. E.] USDA ARS, Water Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Owens, P. R.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Miles, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. EM dmmiles@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 14 BP 3351 EP 3363 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.056 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310WI UT WOS:000256561100013 ER PT J AU Nielson, RM McDonald, LL Sullivan, JP Burgess, C Johnson, DS Johnson, DH Bucholtz, S Hyberg, S Howlin, S AF Nielson, Ryan M. McDonald, Lyman L. Sullivan, Joseph P. Burgess, Colleen Johnson, Devin S. Johnson, Douglas H. Bucholtz, Shawn Hyberg, Skip Howlin, Shay TI Estimating the response of Ring-necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) to the Conservation Reserve Program SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey; Conservation Reserve Program; hierarchical model; Markov-chain Monte Carlo; Phasianus colchicus; Poisson regression; Ring-necked Pheasant ID CERULEAN WARBLERS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; ABUNDANCE; MODEL; SELECTION; CRP; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; FIELDS; BIRDS AB We evaluated associations between the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) populations by modeling Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) counts of Ring-necked Pheasants during 1987-2005 along 388 routes in nine states. Ring-necked Pheasant counts were analyzed as overdispersed Poisson counts in a Bayesian hierarchical model estimated with Markov-chain Monte Carlo methods. This approach allowed for simultaneous estimation of the relationships between BBS counts and various habitat types, including CRP habitat types, for multiple regions and across the entire study area. The predictor variables included a time trend and percentages of major National Land Cover Dataset 1992 and CRP habitat types within a 1,000-m buffer around each route, along with other patch metrics. The deviance information criterion was used as a guide to help identify the most parsimonious model. We estimated that, on average, there was a positive association of Ring-necked Pheasant counts with the amount of CRP herbaceous vegetation within a 1,000-m buffer around a route. The analysis can be repeated periodically to model changes in Ring-necked Pheasant populations associated with new CRP enrollments and expiration of existing CRP contracts on a large scale. Our methodology can also be extended to other species and to other states and regions. C1 [Nielson, Ryan M.; McDonald, Lyman L.; Howlin, Shay] Western EcoSyst Technol, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Sullivan, Joseph P.] Ardea Consulting, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. [Burgess, Colleen] MathEcol, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bucholtz, Shawn] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Hyberg, Skip] Farm Serv Agcy, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Nielson, RM (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol, 2003 Cent Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. EM rnielson@west-inc.com NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 434 EP 444 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.07002 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800022 ER PT J AU Perez-Staples, D Aluja, M Macias-Ordonez, R Sivinski, J AF Perez-Staples, Diana Aluja, Martin Macias-Ordonez, Rogelio Sivinski, John TI Reproductive trade-offs from mating with a successful male: the case of the tephritid fly Anastrepha obliqua SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mating behaviour; sperm depletion; refractory period; larval host; diet; Tephritidae ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES; CHORISTONEURA-ROSACEANA; DIPTERA-TEPHRITIDAE; SEXUAL RECEPTIVITY; FEMALES; LEPIDOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; HISTORY; COST; PERFORMANCE AB In lekking species, females may become sperm-limited when mating with sexually successful males, and this may be exacerbated by a poor male diet. Polygynous males may also be limited by the amount of accessory gland products (AGPs) they can transmit to females, which in turn may influence the females' refractory period and longevity. Here, we tested the effect of male mating history, larval and adult diet on copula duration, mating intervals, female fecundity, fertilisation success, life span and likelihood to remate using sexually successful males of the lekking tephritid fly Anastrepha obliqua. Flies originated from either a native or exotic host fruit and were protein-fed or deprived. Male diet and larval host influenced copula duration, while the time elapsed between matings was affected by the interaction of mating order and male adult diet. Female fecundity was not influenced by female position in mating order or protein inclusion into the male diet. However, mating order and male larval diet influenced female fertilisation success. Importantly, as males mated successively they were less able to induce a refractory period on females, as the last females to mate with a male were more likely to remate and had slightly longer life spans than the first females to mate with males. These results might be attributed to a decrease in male AGPs with increasing male mating frequency. We discuss the role of conditional expression of male mating frequency with respect to A. obliqua's life history, the trade-off that females face when mating with a successful male, the effect of larval diet on adult sexual performance and the possibility for sexual conflict to occur due to high male mating rates and fitness costs to females. C1 [Perez-Staples, Diana; Aluja, Martin; Macias-Ordonez, Rogelio] Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Sivinski, John] Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Perez-Staples, D (reprint author), Univ Veracruzana, LABIOTECA, Apartado Postal 250, Xalapa 91090, Veracruz, Mexico. EM diana@galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au RI Macias-Ordonez, Rogelio/E-8286-2010; Perez-Staples, Diana/C-1417-2011 OI Macias-Ordonez, Rogelio/0000-0003-1101-6289; Perez-Staples, Diana/0000-0002-6804-0346 NR 48 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 8 BP 1333 EP 1340 DI 10.1007/s00265-008-0561-0 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 300UT UT WOS:000255851400012 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Lee, JY Hwang, DH AF Zhao, Ling Lee, Joo Y. Hwang, Daniel H. TI The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway negatively regulates Nod2-mediated NF-kappa B pathway SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nod2; PI3K; NF-kappa B; GSK-3 beta; inflammation; resolution ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; INNATE IMMUNITY; CROHNS-DISEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; FATTY-ACIDS; ACTIVATION; NOD2; RECOGNITION; PROTEIN AB Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing proteins (Nods) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize conserved moieties of bacterial peptidoglycan and activate downstream signaling pathways, including NF-kappa B pathway. Here, we show that Nod2 agonist muramyldipeptide (MDP) induces Akt phosphorylation in time and dose-dependent manner. The pharmacological inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) (wortmannin) and dominant-negative forms of p85 (the regulatory subunit of PI3K) or Akt enhance, while constitutive active forms of p110 (the catalytic subunit of PI3K) or Akt inhibit, NF-kappa B activation and the target gene interleukin (IL)-8 induced by MDP. In addition, the pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin and LY294002) enhance phosphorylation of NF-kappa B p65 on Ser529 and Ser536 residues, which result in enhanced p65 transactivation activity. Furthermore, we show that the inhibition of PI3K by the pharmacological inhibitors prevent the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 beta, suggesting that the negative regulation of PI3K/Akt on MDP-induced NF-kappa B activation is at least in part mediated through inactivation of GSK-3 beta. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PI3K/Akt pathway is activated by Nod2 agonist MDP and negatively regulates NF-kappa B pathway downstream of Nod2 activation. Our results suggest that PI3K/Akt pathway may involve in the resolution of inflammatory responses induced by Nod2 activation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zhao, Ling; Hwang, Daniel H.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Zhao, Ling; Hwang, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, Joo Y.] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM daniel.hwang@ars.usda.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA75613]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK064007, DK41868] NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1515 EP 1525 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.12.014 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 291XB UT WOS:000255229400008 PM 18243161 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Heimpel, GE AF Lee, Jana C. Heimpel, George E. TI Effect of floral nectar, water, and feeding frequency on Cotesia glomerata longevity SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Braconidae; hydration; Hymenoptera; meal frequency; parasitoid; rearing; sugar feeding ID HONEYDEW SUGARS; CABBAGE PESTS; LIFE-SPAN; HYMENOPTERA; PARASITOIDS; BIOLOGY; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; ICHNEUMONIDAE; MOBILIZATION; LEPIDOPTERA AB This study examined how water, sucrose, and frequency of nectar availability affects the longevity of the parasitoid Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Under standard laboratory conditions, water did not extend longevity in the absence of sugar in three out of four comparisons, nor did it extend longevity with access to nectar. Cotesia glomerata lived 2-3 days when given water or nothing, 8-15 days when given buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) nectar daily with or without water, and 23-26 days when given a 50% sucrose solution. The lifespan of C. glomerata fed flowers every other day was one-third shorter than that of C. glomerata fed flowers every day, but this difference was not statistically significantly. Only minimal benefits occurred when flowers were given every 3 days. C1 [Lee, Jana C.] Forest Serv, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, Jana C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Heimpel, George E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, 720 Olive Dr,Suite D, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jctlee@ucdavis.edu NR 25 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s10526-007-9070-8 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 275QN UT WOS:000254086800001 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, Eric W. TI Sting frequency and progeny production of lab-cultured Cotesia marginiventris SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE endoparasitoid; rearing; sex ratio; solitary; self-superparasitism ID SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-RATIO; SUPERPARASITISM; BRACONIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; PARASITISM; SIZE; SELF AB A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the impact of sting frequency on progeny production of Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a solitary, koinobiont endoparasitoid of noctuid pests. In replicated trials, young, mated, host-deprived C. marginiventris females were exposed to three Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) early instar larvae, one at a time, in Petri dish arenas, and observed as they stung these hosts once, twice, or thrice. The average amount of time that elapsed between stinging a host ranged from a minimum of 3 min, when females were exposed to unstung hosts, to a maximum of 8-11 min when females were exposed to previously stung hosts. Sting frequency had no effect on the yield of C. marginiventris progeny; approximately 90% of hosts, in all treatment groups, yielded a parasitoid mature larva, which spun a cocoon. No hosts yielded more than one parasitoid. The percentage of adult female progeny tended to increase with sting frequency; hosts that were stung thrice yielded 60% female C. marginiventris adults. The production of female progeny may depend on the egg allocation pattern of C. marginiventris females as well as the competitive interactions between siblings developing inside a shared host. This study suggests that S. exigua larvae can sustain 2-3 stings without diminishing their ability to yield a C. marginiventris mature larva. Provisioning enclosures with enough hosts to exceed the daily (per capita) oviposition rate of C. marginiventris females might limit the repeated stinging of the same hosts. C1 ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ewriddick@ars.usda.gov OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 EI 1573-8248 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10526-007-9072-6 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 275QN UT WOS:000254086800002 ER PT J AU Balogh-Brunstad, Z Keller, CK Gill, RA Bormann, BT Li, CY AF Balogh-Brunstad, Z. Keller, C. K. Gill, R. A. Bormann, B. T. Li, C. Y. TI The effect of bacteria and fungi on chemical weathering and chemical denudation fluxes in pine growth experiments SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biofilm; chemical weathering; chemical denudation; column experiment; ectomycorrhiza; root-hypha-mineral interface ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SYLVESTRIS SEEDLINGS; SILICATE MINERALS; MG2+ DEFICIENCY; ORGANIC-MATTER; RATES; SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; PRODUCTIVITY; DEGRADATION AB Vascular plants and associated microbial communities affect the nutrient resources of terrestrial ecosystems by impacting chemical weathering that transfers elements from primary minerals to other ecosystem pools, and chemical denudation that transports weathered elements out of the system in solution. We performed a year-long replicated flow-through column growth experiment to isolate the effects of vascular plants, ectomycorrhiza-forming fungi and associated bacteria on chemical weathering and chemical denudation. The study focused on Ca(2+), K(+) and Mg(2+), for which the sole sources were biotite and anorthite mixed into silica sand. Concentrations of the cations were measured in input and output solutions, and three times during the year in plant biomass and on exchangeable cation sites of the growth medium. Weathering and denudation fluxes were estimated by mass balance, and mineral surface changes, biofilm and microbial attachments to surfaces were investigated with scanning electron microscopy. Both bacteria and fungi increased weathering fluxes compared to abiotic controls. Without a host plant denudation rates were as large as weathering rates i.e. the weathering to denudation ratio was about one. Based on whole year fluxes, ectomycorrhizal seedlings produced the greatest weathering to denudation ratios (1.5). Non-ectomycorrhizal seedlings also showed a high ratio of 1.3. Both ectomycorrhizal hyphal networks and root hairs of non-ectomycorrhizal trees, embedded in biofilm (microorganisms surrounded by extracellular polymers), transferred nutrients to the host while drainage losses were minimized. These results suggest that biofilms localize both weathering and plant nutrient uptake, isolating the root-hypha-mineral interface from bulk soil solution. C1 [Balogh-Brunstad, Z.; Keller, C. K.; Gill, R. A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bormann, B. T.; Li, C. Y.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Balogh-Brunstad, Z (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, POB 642812, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM zsuzsa@wsu.edu RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012 NR 56 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 153 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9202-y PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 306QX UT WOS:000256264000005 ER PT J AU Fellman, JB D'Amore, DV Hood, E Boone, RD AF Fellman, Jason B. D'Amore, David V. Hood, Eran Boone, Richard D. TI Fluorescence characteristics and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in forest and wetland soils from coastal temperate watersheds in southeast Alaska SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biodegradable dissolved organic carbon; dissolved organic matter; fluorescence; PARAFAC; peatland; soil biogeochemistry ID ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; NATURAL-WATERS; STREAM WATER; CARBON; NITROGEN; BIOAVAILABILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; BOG AB Understanding how the concentration and chemical quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) varies in soils is critical because DOM influences an array of biological, chemical, and physical processes. We used PARAFAC modeling of excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy, specific UV absorbance (SUVA(254)) and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) incubations to investigate the chemical quality of DOM in soil water collected from 25 cm piezometers in four different wetland and forest soils: bog, forested wetland, fen and upland forest. There were significant differences in soil solution concentrations of dissolved organic C, N, and P, DOC:DON ratios, SUVA(254) and BDOC among the four soil types. Throughout the sampling period, average DOC concentrations in the four soil types ranged from 9-32 mg C l(-1) and between 23-42% of the DOC was biodegradable. Seasonal patterns in dissolved nutrient concentrations and BDOC were observed in the three wetland types suggesting strong biotic controls over DOM concentrations in wetland soils. PARAFAC modeling of excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy showed that protein-like fluorescence was positively correlated (r(2) = 0.82; P < 0.001) with BDOC for all soil types taken together. This finding indicates that PARAFAC modeling may substantially improve the ability to predict BDOC in natural environments. Coincident measurements of DOM concentrations, BDOC and PARAFAC modeling confirmed that the four soil types contain DOM with distinct chemical properties and have unique fluorescent fingerprints. DOM inputs to streams from the four soil types therefore have the potential to alter stream biogeochemical processes differently by influencing temporal patterns in stream heterotrophic productivity. C1 [Fellman, Jason B.; Boone, Richard D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [D'Amore, David V.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hood, Eran] Univ Alaska, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Fellman, JB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fsjbf6@uaf.edu NR 66 TC 148 Z9 156 U1 17 U2 140 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 169 EP 184 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9203-x PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 306QX UT WOS:000256264000006 ER PT J AU Sovada, MA Pietz, PJ Conuerse, KA King, DT Hofmeister, EK Scherr, P Ip, HS AF Sovada, Marsha A. Pietz, Pamela J. Conuerse, Kathryn A. King, D. Tommy Hofmeister, Erik K. Scherr, Paulette Ip, Hon S. TI Impact of West Nile virus and other mortality factors on American white pelicans at breeding colonies in the northern plains of North America SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE American white pelican; late breeding season mortality; mortality factors; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; west Nile virus ID NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; SAGE-GROUSE; TRANSMISSION; SALMONELLA; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; POPULATION; MOSQUITOS; DYNAMICS; DECLINES AB American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) are colonial-nesting birds and their breeding sites are concentrated in a few small areas, making this species especially vulnerable to factors that can influence productivity, such as disease, disturbance, predation, weather events and loss of nesting habitat. Nearly half of the American white pelican population breeds at four colonies in the northern plains: Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in North Dakota, Bitter Lake (Waubay NWR) in South Dakota, Medicine Lake NWR in Montana, and Marsh Lake in Minnesota. Thus, sustained productivity at these colonies is crucial to the health of the entire species. During the latter half of the 2002 and 2003 breeding seasons, unusually high mortality of pelican chicks was observed at these colonies. West Nile virus (WNv) was identified as one source of these losses. In 2004-2007 we monitored three major colonies in the northern plains to assess mortality of chicks during the late breeding season. We documented severe weather events, disturbance, and WNv as factors contributing to chick mortality. Before WNv arrived in the region in 2002, chick mortality after mid-July was <= 4%, and then jumped to as high as 44% in the years since WNv arrived. WNv kills older chicks that are no longer vulnerable to other common mortality factors (e.g., severe weather, gull predation) and typically would have survived to fledge; thus WNv appears to be an additive mortality factor. Persistence of lower productivity at American white pelican colonies in the northern plains might reduce the adult breeding population of this species in the region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sovada, Marsha A.; Pietz, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Conuerse, Kathryn A.; Hofmeister, Erik K.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [King, D. Tommy] Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Sovada, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM MSovada@usgs.gov; PPietz@usgs.gov; kconverse@usgs.gov; Tommy.King@aphis.usda.gov; EHoffmeister@usgs.gov; Paulette_Scherr@fws.gov; Hip@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2008 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1031 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.01.019 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 305MO UT WOS:000256182700012 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Pope, KL Wheeler, CA AF Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Pope, Karen L. Wheeler, Clara A. TI Using multiple metrics to assess the effects of forest succession on population status: A comparative study of two terrestrial salamanders in the US Pacific Northwest SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE source-sink dynamics; forest management; demographic profile; body condition index; terrestrial salamanders; Plethodon elongatus; Plethodon stormi ID BODY CONDITION INDEXES; NEW-WORLD POPULATIONS; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; HABITAT QUALITY; AGE RATIOS; COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHY; RESOURCE QUALITY; THRUSHES TURDUS; EXTINCTION DEBT; OLD-GROWTH AB Investigations to determine stable or source-sink animal population dynamics are challenging and often infeasible for most species due to the time and expense of mark-recapture studies and the challenge of life histories attributes that result in low detectability and low recapture probabilities. Often, managers rely solely on occupancy or relative abundance patterns to assess a species' sensitivity to environmental changes. Greater insight into population-level responses to environmental change can be gained by consideration of a combination of readily obtainable metrics, including occupancy, relative abundance, demographic structure and body condition. We examined how these metrics can improve our understanding of population-level responses to forest disturbance, using datasets for two exemplar species of terrestrial salamanders resident to the Pacific Northwestern USA. We compared population metrics for the Del Norte salamander (Plethodon elongatus) and the Siskiyou Mountains salamander (Plethodon stormi) across the seral continuum represented by four forest age classes: pre-canopy, young, mature, and old-growth. We compared these data with those collected from reference stands in mature (P. stormi) or old-growth (P. elongatus) forest containing robust populations. P. elongatus was twice as common as P. stormi. Both occupancy and salamander counts were lowest at pre-canopy sites for both species. Although there were numerous P. elongatus detections in young forests, higher proportions of these individuals were juveniles and sub-adults when compared to populations in late-seral forests. We found a negative relationship between the proportion of immature animals and total counts at a site, indicating that the high proportion of young animals in young forest stands is likely due to dispersal of young salamanders from nearby source populations and/or low survival of adult animals in young forests. We also found reduced body condition of P. stormi populations in young forests. Our results suggest that there are costs to populations occupying early seral forests, such as skewed age class structure and reduced body condition that are indicative of sink populations. Consideration of population-level metrics beyond occupancy and relative abundance can provide important insights when assessing a species' sustainability in managed forest landscapes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.; Pope, Karen L.; Wheeler, Clara A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us; kpope@fs.fed.us; cawheeler@fs.fed.us NR 81 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2008 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1149 EP 1160 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.02.014 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 305MO UT WOS:000256182700024 ER PT J AU Elliott, ML Rayamajhi, MB AF Elliott, Monica L. Rayamajhi, Min B. TI Lower temperature during the dark cycle affects disease development on Lygodium microphyllum (Old World climbing fern) by Bipolaris sacchari SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE bioloical control; Bipolaris sacchari; Lygodium microphyllum; fungal growth; temperature ID INVASIVE WEED; INFECTION; FLORIDA; STAGE AB Growth chamber experiments were conducted to examine environmental parameters affecting disease development by the indigenous pathogen Bipolaris sacchari isolate LJB-1L on the invasive weed Lygodium microphyllum (Old World climbing fern). An initial experiment examined three different temperature regimes (20/15, 25/20, 30/25 degrees C; light/dark cycle) and three different periods of leaf wetness (12 24 48 h). Disease incidence was significantly reduced by incubation of plants at the highest temperature regime (30/25 degrees C) and with the shortest period of leaf wetness (12 h). Subsequent experiments concentrated on the effect of temperature, as determination of an optimal temperature for disease development might determine the best time of year for field inoculations with this fungus. When the light cycle temperature was kept constant at 30 degrees C, a dark cycle temperature of 15 degrees C was more conducive for disease development than 25 degrees C based on disease incidence and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). A qualitative examination of conidia germination and appressorial formation in vivo indicated that these initial steps toward infection were probably not influenced by the dark cycle temperature. In vitro, temperature (range of 15-35 degrees C) did not significantly affect conidia germination, but hyphal growth was significantly affected, with optimal growth between 25 and 30 degrees C. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Elliott, Monica L.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Rayamajhi, Min B.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Elliott, ML (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM melliott@ufl.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.12.006 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 286TS UT WOS:000254869500007 ER PT J AU Liu, HP Bauer, LS AF Liu, Houping Bauer, Leah S. TI Microbial control of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera : Buprestidae) with Beauveria bassiana strain GHA: Greenhouse and field trials SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE emerald ash borer; Agrilus planipennis; Beauveria bassiana strain GHA; lethal and sublethal effects; greenhouse and field trials; microbial control ID ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; ALTERNATUS HOPE COLEOPTERA; ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE; NONWOVEN FABRIC STRIPS; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; FIBER BANDS; CERAMBYCIDAE; MORTALITY AB In 2003-2004. the lethal and sublethal effects of Beauveria bassiana strain GHA on emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) adults and larvae were evaluated using topical spray and fungal band treatments in the greenhouse and field. B. bassiana strain GHA was moderately effective against A. planipennis adults in greenhouse studies. However, efficacy was improved in the field when B. bassiana was sprayed directly on trunk surfaces prior to adult emergence. In the greenhouse, adult infection rates ranged from 27.7% to 33.5% depending on the application rates that ranged from 25 to 75 x 10(13) conidia/ha, whereas in the field, adult infection rates ranged from 58.5% and 83% at two application rates of 10 and 100 x 1013 conidia/ha. The sublethal effects of B. bassiana strain GHA was observed on A. planipennis adults and larvae surviving exposure to sprayed ash trunks. The adult longevity of females and males was significantly reduced by ca. 9 and 13 d, respectively, females also laid fewer eggs and larval development was prolonged. The use of B. bassiana strain GHA-fungal bands resulted in ca. 32% mortality of A. planipennis adults compared to ca. 1% for control adults. In addition, B. bassiana strain GHA trunk sprays in the fall resulted in ca. 8% mortality of A. planipennis under the bark of infested ash trees, compared to 1.6% mortality in the controls. Larval infection rate was positively correlated with larval density in the field. The development of B. bassiana strain GHA as a management tool for A. planipennis in North America was discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Houping; Bauer, Leah S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bauer, Leah S.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Liu, HP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liuho@msu.edu NR 45 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.12.008 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 286TS UT WOS:000254869500014 ER PT J AU Fisher, AJ Woods, DM Smith, L Bruckart, WL AF Fisher, Alison J. Woods, Dale M. Smith, Lincoln Bruckart, William L., III TI Latent period and viability of Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis urediniospores: Implications for biological control of yellow starthistle SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis; Centaurea solstitialis; biological control; rust; plant pathogen; latent period; spore viability; storage ID UNITED-STATES; MUSK THISTLE; RUST FUNGUS; PLANT-AGE; ESTABLISHMENT; TELIOSPORES; GERMINATION; CARDUORUM; WEED; DEW AB Since the introduction of Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis into California in 2003, multiple urediniospore generations have been observed, along with teliospores and pycnia, on yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). A field and laboratory study of urediniospore viability was conducted to determine the potential of using infected plant material for redistribution of inoculum into new areas. To better understand the life history of P. j. solstitialis, urediniospore viability was measured during the summer and fall when the host plant is usually senescent. Latent period (time from inoculation to pustule eruption) after field and laboratory inoculations was measured in order to determine the potential number of urediniospore generations that occur per year. Viability of urediniospores stored in the laboratory gradually declined over a period of 10 weeks, spore hydration increased germination. Based on the results obtained in this study, introductions of harvested infected plant material would have to be done quickly to offset losses in urediniospore viability. Urediniospore viability in the field decreased exponentially 86% near the coast and 97% in the Central Valley three weeks after production, and was negligible (0-0.2%) thereafter. Latent period ranged from four to five weeks at cool winter temperatures to two to three weeks at warm summer temperatures in both the laboratory and field. Results of this study suggest that urediniospores are not likely to remain viable through the summer and fall dry season. Teliospores, therefore, serve as the inoculum source when YST seedlings germinate in the winter. Approximately six urediniospore generations can be expected to occur each year in central-northern California under suitable conditions for disease. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fisher, Alison J.; Smith, Lincoln] USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Woods, Dale M.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Meadowview, CA 95832 USA. [Bruckart, William L., III] USDA, ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Fisher, AJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM afisher@pw.usda.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.10.008 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 286TS UT WOS:000254869500016 ER PT J AU Castrillo, LA Ugine, TA Filotas, MJ Sanderson, JP Vandenberg, JD Wraight, SP AF Castrillo, Louela A. Ugine, Todd A. Filotas, Melanie J. Sanderson, John P. Vandenberg, John D. Wraight, Stephen P. TI Molecular characterization and comparative virulence of Beauveria bassiana isolates (Ascomycota : Hypocreales) associated with the greenhouse shore fly, Scatella tenuicosta (Diptera : Ephydridae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; entomopathogenic fungus; Scatella tenuicosta; shore fly; greenhouse pest ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; METARHIZIUM-FLAVOVIRIDE; AERIAL TRANSMISSION; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CUTICULAR LIPIDS; CONIDIA; FORMULATION; FLIES; FIELD AB Reports of natural infections of the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) in greenhouses and laboratory colonies of Scatella tenuicosta Collin (Diptera: Ephydridae), a nuisance pest and vector of plant pathogens, suggest the potential for using B. bassiana for microbial control of this pest. In this study we assessed the diversity of B. bassiana isolates found associated with a colony of shore flies and compared these isolates to two commercial B. bassiana strains. Microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic variation among fungal isolates from adults and pupae of S. tenuicosta, adults of Hexacola neoscatellae Beardsley (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), a hymenopteran parasitoid of S. tenuicosta, and algal food source in greenhouses. Twenty-seven single spore isolates were resolved into three distinct haplotypes using eight microsatellite markers. Two haplotypes were most common, comprising several strains collected from infected shore flies and parasitoids. The third haplotype was observed in only one strain from a shore fly pupa. Bioassays of a representative strain of each haplotype against third-instar larvae, pupae and adults of shore flies showed that adults were more susceptible to the fungus than the other two stages. Secondary pick up of inocula from sprayed pupae by adults resulted in 52% and 55% mortality from B. bassiana strains ST1 and ST2, respectively. Direct spray application on adults resulted in 91 and 94% mortality from these two strains, suggesting their potential as biological control agents against shore flies. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Castrillo, Louela A.; Ugine, Todd A.; Filotas, Melanie J.; Sanderson, John P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Vandenberg, John D.; Wraight, Stephen P.] USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Castrillo, LA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lac48@cornell.edu NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.10.010 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 286TS UT WOS:000254869500017 ER PT J AU Castrillo, LA Griggs, MH Vandenberg, JD AF Castrillo, Louela A. Griggs, Michael H. Vandenberg, John D. TI Quantitative detection of Beauveria bassiana GHA (Ascomycota : Hypocreales), a potential microbial control agent of the emerald ash borer, by use of real-time PCR SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; entomopathogenic fungus; environmental sampling; Agrilus planipennis; emerald ash borer; invasive insect ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA EXTRACTION; SOIL; FIELD; QUANTIFICATION; BUPRESTIDAE; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; SPORES AB Accurate monitoring of an introduced, mass-released microbial control agent is essential in evaluating its persistence and in designing application strategies for insect pest control. As part of our multi-year study on the development and use of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against the emerald ash borer, a major invasive pest of ash trees, we are determining persistence of the fungus sprayed on ash trees and leached onto soil. We developed a real-time PCR assay to detect and quantify B. bassiana strain GHA, the active ingredient in the mycoinsecticide utilized in our field studies. Real-time PCR primers and probe, based on a 445-bp sequence characterized amplified region fragment unique to GHA, generated a 96-bp fragment that was also specific to this strain. We also developed a DNA extraction method to maximize accuracy of quantification from environmental samples. DNA from fungal conidia in soil samples or recovered from leaf and bark washings was extracted using bead mill homogenization followed by purification of the crude extract using Sephadex-polyvinylpolypyrrolidone microcolumns. Sensitivity assays comparing quantity of GHA DNA detected between pure and mixed samples showed that background genomic DNA from bark and leaf did not significantly affect detection sensitivity. However, background soil DNA and likely remaining co-extracted contaminants reduced sensitivity of assays at 400 pg or less of GHA DNA. Comparison of various conidial titer on ash bark and leaves versus predicted values based on real-time PCR showed that. estimates were best obtained from samples with high titer of the fungus. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Castrillo, Louela A.] Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Griggs, Michael H.; Vandenberg, John D.] USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Castrillo, LA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lac48@cornell.edu NR 23 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.01.005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 286TS UT WOS:000254869500018 ER PT J AU Franks, SJ Pratt, PD Dray, FA Simms, EL AF Franks, Steven J. Pratt, Paul D. Dray, F. Allen Simms, Ellen L. TI No evolution of increased competitive ability or decreased allocation to defense in Melaleuca quinquenervia since release from natural enemies SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE boreioglycaspis melaleucae; EICA hypothesis; Florida everglades; herbivory; invasive species; Oxyops vitiosa; plant defense traits; plant-insect interactions; weed biological control ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; SHRUB CLIDEMIA-HIRTA; OXYOPS-VITIOSA; INVASIVE TREE; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; INCREASED VIGOR; SOUTH FLORIDA; WATER-USE; PLANT; HERBIVORY AB If invasive plants are released from natural enemies in their introduced range, they may evolve decreased allocation to defense and increased growth, as predicted by the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis. A field experiment using the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia was conducted to test this hypothesis. Seeds were collected from 120 maternal trees: 60 in Florida (introduced range) and 60 in Australia (home range). Plants grown from these seeds were either subjected to herbivory by two insects from Australia that have recently been released as biological control agents or protected from herbivores using insecticides. Genotypes from the introduced range were initially more attractive to herbivores than genotypes from the home range, supporting EICA. However, genotypes from the introduced and home range did not differ in resistance to insects or in competitive ability, which does not support EICA. Plants from the introduced range had a lower leaf hair density, lower leaf: stem mass ratio, and a higher ratio of nerolidol: viridifloral chemotypes compared to plants from the native range. Plants with an intermediate density of leaf hairs and with high specific leaf area were more susceptible to herbivory damage, but there were no effects of leaf toughness or chemotype on presence of and damage by insects. Herbivory had a negative impact on performance of Melaleuca. Other than an initial preference by insects for introduced genotypes, there was no evidence for the evolution of decreased defense or increased competitive ability, as predicted by the EICA hypothesis. It does not appear from this study that the EICA hypothesis explains patterns of recent trait evolution in Melaleuca. C1 [Simms, Ellen L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Franks, Steven J.; Pratt, Paul D.; Dray, F. Allen] USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Franks, SJ (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Larkin Hall,441 E Fordham Rd, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. EM sfranks@uci.edu NR 53 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 455 EP 466 DI 10.1007/s10530-007-9143-8 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 275QO UT WOS:000254086900006 ER PT J AU Condon, M Adams, DC Bann, D Flaherty, K Gammons, J Johnson, J Lewis, ML Marsteller, S Scheffer, SJ Serna, F Swensen, S AF Condon, Marty Adams, Dean C. Bann, Darrin Flaherty, Kacie Gammons, John Johnson, Jessica Lewis, Matthew L. Marsteller, Sara Scheffer, Sonja J. Serna, Francisco Swensen, Susan TI Uncovering tropical diversity: six sympatric cryptic species of Blepharoneura (Diptera : Tephritidae) in flowers of Gurania spinulosa (Cucurbitaceae) in eastern Ecuador SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE courtship; dioecy; host specificity; host use; mtDNA; Neotropics; phytophagous insects; reproductive isolation; speciation; wing pattern ID INSECT VIBRATIONAL COMMUNICATION; LIRIOMYZA-HUIDOBRENSIS DIPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-GENE TREES; ENEMY-FREE SPACE; INFERRING PHYLOGENIES; ENCHENOPA TREEHOPPERS; SAWFLIES HYMENOPTERA; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; MTDNA VARIATION AB Diversification of phytophagous insects is often associated with changes in the use of host taxa and host parts. We focus on a group of newly discovered Neotropical tephritids in the genus Blepharoneura, and report the discovery of an extraordinary number of sympatric, morphologically cryptic species, all feeding as larvae on calyces of flowers of a single functionally dioecious and highly sexually dimorphic host species (Gurania spinulosa) in eastern Ecuador. Molecular analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase-I gene from flies reared from flowers of G. spinulosa reveal six distinct haplotype groups that differ by 7.2-10.1% bp (uncorrected pairwise distances; N = 624 bp). Haplotype groups correspond to six distinct and well-supported clades. Members of five clades specialize on the calyces of flowers of a particular sex: three clades comprise male flower specialists; two clades comprise female flower specialists; the sixth clade comprises generalists reared from male and female flowers. The six clades occupy significantly different morphological spaces defined by wing pigmentation patterns; however, diagnostic morphological characters were not discovered. Behavioural observations suggest specific courtship behaviours may play a role in maintaining reproductive isolation among sympatric species. Journal compilation (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London. C1 [Condon, Marty; Flaherty, Kacie; Gammons, John; Johnson, Jessica; Marsteller, Sara; Serna, Francisco] Cornell Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Vernon, IA 52314 USA. [Adams, Dean C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bann, Darrin; Swensen, Susan] Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Lewis, Matthew L.; Scheffer, Sonja J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Condon, M (reprint author), Cornell Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Vernon, IA 52314 USA. EM mcondon@cornellcollege.edu NR 96 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 93 IS 4 BP 779 EP 797 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00943.x PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 274BV UT WOS:000253977700010 ER PT J AU Mizuno, CS Ma, G Khan, S Patny, A Avery, MA Rimando, AM AF Mizuno, Cassia S. Ma, Guoyi Khan, Shabana Patny, Akshay Avery, Mitchell A. Rimando, Agnes M. TI Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of pterostilbene analogs inside PPAR alpha SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pterostilbene; resveratrol; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; dyslipidemia ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS; IN-VITRO; RESVERATROL; LIPOPROTEINS; METABOLISM; RECEPTORS; STILBENES; BERRIES; ALCOHOL AB Pterostilbene, a naturally occurring analog of resveratrol, has previously shown PPAR alpha activation in H4IIEC3 cells and was found to decrease cholesterol levels in animals. In this study, analogs of pterostilbene were synthesized and their ability to activate PPARa was investigated. Among analogs that was synthesized (E)-4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl) phenyl dihydrogen phosphate showed activity higher than pterostilbene and control drug ciprofibrate. Docking of the stilbenes inside PPARa showed the presence of important hydrogen bond interactions for PPAR alpha activation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mizuno, Cassia S.; Rimando, Agnes M.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Ma, Guoyi; Khan, Shabana] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, NCNPR, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Med Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Lab Appl Drug Design & Synth, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Rimando, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048,Univ, University, MS 38677 USA. EM arimando@olemiss.edu NR 24 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 7 BP 3800 EP 3808 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.01.051 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 292DE UT WOS:000255245900033 PM 18272370 ER PT J AU Sen, TZ Kloster, M Jernigan, RL Kolinski, A Bujnicki, JM Kloczkowski, A AF Sen, Taner Z. Kloster, Margaret Jernigan, Robert L. Kolinski, Andrzej Bujnicki, Janusz M. Kloczkowski, Andrzej TI Predicting the complex structure and functional motions of the outer membrane transporter and signal transducer FecA SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NETWORK MODEL; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE PREDICTION; BETA-SHEET BARRELS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RESIDUE FLUCTUATIONS; FOLD-RECOGNITION; SINGLE-PARAMETER; RELAXATION DATA; DYNAMICS; TONB AB Escherichia coli requires an efficient transport and signaling system to successfully sequester iron from its environment. FecA, a TonB-dependent protein, serves a critical role in this process: first, it binds and transports iron in the form of ferric citrate, and second, it initiates a signaling cascade that results in the transcription of several iron transporter genes in interaction with inner membrane proteins. The structure of the plug and barrel domains and the periplasmic N-terminal domain (NTD) are separately available. However, the linker connecting the plug and barrel and the NTD domains is highly mobile, which may prevent the determination of the FecA structure as a whole assembly. Here, we reduce the conformation space of this linker into most probable structural models using the modeling tool CABS, then apply normal-mode analysis to investigate the motions of the whole structure of FecA by using elastic network models. We relate the FecA domain motions to the outer-inner membrane communication, which initiates transcription. We observe that the global motions of FecA assign flexibility to the TonB box and the NTD, and control the exposure of the TonB box for binding to the TonB inner membrane protein, suggesting how these motions relate to FecA function. Our simulations suggest the presence of a communication between the loops on both ends of the protein, a signaling mechanism by which a signal could be transmitted by conformational transitions in response to the binding of ferric citrate. C1 [Sen, Taner Z.; Kloster, Margaret; Jernigan, Robert L.; Kloczkowski, Andrzej] Iowa State Univ, LH Baker Ctr Bioinform & Biol Stat, Ames, IA USA. [Jernigan, Robert L.; Kloczkowski, Andrzej] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Kolinski, Andrzej] Warsaw Univ, Fac Chem, Warsaw, Poland. [Bujnicki, Janusz M.] Int Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Lab Bioinformat & Protein Engn, Warsaw, Poland. [Bujnicki, Janusz M.] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Poznan, Poland. RP Sen, TZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM taner@iastate.edu RI Jernigan, Robert/A-5421-2012; Kloczkowski, Andrzej/B-9868-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM073095, 1R01GM072014-01, 1R01GM073095-02, R01 GM081680, 1R01GM081680-01, R01 GM072014] NR 58 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 94 IS 7 BP 2482 EP 2491 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.116046 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 275MM UT WOS:000254076300009 PM 18178655 ER PT J AU Kim, S AF Kim, Sanghoon TI Processing and properties of gluten/zein composite SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biopolymer composite; biodegradable polymer; gluten; zein ID ZEIN; CORN; SURFACES; PROTEIN; FILMS AB Polymer composites have been formed by mixing component materials in extruders or compression molds. Agricultural biopolymers are usually mixtures of several compounds; however, high-temperature processing can cause unwanted consequences such as decomposition, gas generation, and phase-separation. This report introduces a new technology to form biodegradable polymer composites that can replace existing petroleum-based polymers. With this newly developed process, polymer composites are produced at room temperature. During the process, micrometer-scale raw materials are coated with zein, which has strong adhesive properties, and are then compressed to form a rigid coherent material. Since this technique does not require purification of the raw materials, various types of compounds can be used as component materials. In this report, wheat protein, gluten, was used as a matrix material. The compressive yield strength of the product formed from gluten is ca. 40 MPa, comparable to that of polypropylene. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Sanghoon] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kims@ncaur.usda.gov NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 6 BP 2032 EP 2036 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.02.050 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 260NA UT WOS:000253015800070 PM 17482808 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD Maramag, CC Tengco, LW Blumberg, JB Solon, FS AF Ribaya-Mercado, Judy D. Maramag, Cherry C. Tengco, Lorena W. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Solon, Florentino S. TI Relationships of body mass index with serum carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol at steady-state and in response to a carotenoid-rich vegetable diet intervention in Filipino schoolchildren SO BIOSCIENCE REPORTS LA English DT Article DE body mass index (BMI); carotenoid; retinol; tocopherol; vitamin A; vitamin E ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; VITAMIN-A; UNITED-STATES; TRANSFER PROTEIN; BETA-CAROTENE; US CHILDREN AB In marginally nourished children, information is scarce regarding the circulating concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols, and physiological factors influencing their circulating levels. We determined the serum concentrations of carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol at steady state and in response to a 9-week vegetable diet intervention in 9-12-year-old girls (n = 54) and boys (n = 65) in rural Philippines. We determined cross-sectional relationships of BMI (body mass index) with serum micronutrient levels, and whether BMI is a determinant of serum carotenoid responses to the ingestion of carotenoid-rich vegetables. We measured dietary nutrient intakes and assessed inflammation by measurement of serum C-reactive protein levels. The children had low serum concentrations of carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol as compared with published values for similar-aged children in the U.S.A. The low serum retinol levels can be ascribed to inadequate diets and were not the result of confounding due to inflammation. Significant inverse correlations of BMI and serum all-trans-beta-carotene, 13-cis-beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin and a-tocopherol (but not beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and retinol) were observed among girls at baseline. The dietary intervention markedly enhanced the serum concentrations of all carotenoids. Changes in serum all-trans-beta-carotene and alpha-carotene (but not changes in lutein, zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin) in response to the dietary intervention were inversely associated with BMI in girls and boys. Thus, in Filipino school-aged children, BMI is inversely related to the steady-state serum concentrations of certain carotenoids and vitamin E, but not vitamin A, and is a determinant of serum beta- and alpha-carotene responses, but not xanthophyll responses, to the ingestion of carotenoid-rich vegetable meals. C1 [Ribaya-Mercado, Judy D.; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Maramag, Cherry C.; Tengco, Lorena W.; Solon, Florentino S.] Nutr Ctr Philippines, Taguig City, Philippines. RP Ribaya-Mercado, JD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM judy.ribaya-mercado@tufts.edu NR 52 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0144-8463 J9 BIOSCIENCE REP JI Biosci. Rep. PD APR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1042/BSR20070045 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 317KS UT WOS:000257019700005 PM 18384277 ER PT J AU Renye, JA Somkuti, GA AF Renye, J. A., Jr. Somkuti, G. A. TI Cloning of milk-derived bioactive peptides in Streptococcus thermophilus SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bioactive peptides; lactoferricin; hypotensive peptide; Streptococcus thermophilus ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; BOVINE LACTOFERRIN; CONVERTING-ENZYME; TRYPTIC HYDROLYSATE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CASEIN; CONSTRUCTION; RATS; RNA AB The enzymatic breakdown of milk proteins releases bioactive peptides. Two such peptides are the 11-residue antimicrobial peptide from bovine lactoferrin (BL-11) and the 12-residue hypotensive peptide from alpha(s1)-casein (C-12). These two peptides have now been cloned in Streptococcus thermophilus to develop strains that enhance the functionality and nutritional value of dairy food products. Nucleic acid sequences encoding the peptides were generated by overlapping PCR and were subsequently cloned into a new expression vector under control of the ST2201 promoter. S. thermophilus transformants were successfully identified using GFP as a selectable marker. The presence of the synthetic gene constructs in S. thermophilus was confirmed by PCR. C1 [Renye, J. A., Jr.; Somkuti, G. A.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Renye, JA (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD APR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 4 BP 723 EP 730 DI 10.1007/s10529-007-9600-6 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 265KN UT WOS:000253357800023 PM 18004511 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Larson, SR Wilson, BL AF Jones, Thomas A. Larson, Steven R. Wilson, Barbara L. TI Genetic differentiation and admixture among Festuca idahoensis, F. roemeri, and F. ovina detected in AFLP, ITS, and chloroplast DNA SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE native grass; fescue; genetic diversity; DNA barcoding; population structure; interspecific hybridization ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; AGGREGATE POACEAE; SIMILARITY INDEX; NORTH-AMERICA; SEQUENCES; FESCUE; INFERENCE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS AB North American forms of the Festuca ovina L. complex, Festuca idahoensis Elmer and Festuca roemeri (Pavlick) E.B. Alexeev. are distributed broadly east and narrowly west of the Cascade Mountains, respectively. The psbA-trnH and rps16-trnK chloroplast DNA intergenic sequences, 18S-5.8S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. and six AFLP primer combinations were used to investigate genetic relatedness and differences among 327 plant samples from 24 F. idahoensis and 33 F. roemeri natural-source germplasm accessions, two multiple-origin F. idohoensis x F. roemeri cultivars, one apparently admixed F. ovina x F. idahoensis accession, four naturalized populations or cultivars of Eurasian-source F. ovina s. I., and several Festuca arizonica Vasey, Festuca occidentalis Hooker, and Festuca rubra L. reference accessions. The AFLP profiles of individual plants were unique, but distance-based and Bayesian model-based clustering separated AFLP genotypes into groups corresponding to taxa. Approximately 15.9% of the AFLP variation was apportioned between F. idahoensis and F. roemeri, with the remaining 61.2% and 22.9% variation maintained within and among natural-source accessions, respectively. Genetic admixture between F. idahoensis, F. roemeri, and F. ovina was detectable and DNA sequence divergence was very low in the chloroplast and ITS regions. These three taxa are genetically differentiated, but capable of hybridization. C1 [Jones, Thomas A.; Larson, Steven R.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wilson, Barbara L.] Carex Working Grp, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD APR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 4 BP 422 EP 434 DI 10.1139/B08-009 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 304OH UT WOS:000256118300010 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Adarraga-Cansino, MD de la Puebla, RAF Blanco-Molina, A Delgado-Lista, J Marin, C Ordovas, JM Lopez-Miranda, J Perez-Jimenez, F AF Perez-Martinez, P. Adarraga-Cansino, M. D. de la Puebla, R. A. Fernandez Blanco-Molina, A. Delgado-Lista, J. Marin, C. Ordovas, J. M. Lopez-Miranda, J. Perez-Jimenez, F. TI The-675 4G/5G polymorphism at the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) gene modulates plasma Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 concentrations in response to dietary fat consumption SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PAI-1-675 4G/5G polymorphism; nutrigenetics; dietary fat; functional PAI-1; MUFA-rich diet ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; PROMOTER; ACID; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; DISEASE; TYPE-1; REGION; RISK AB The objective of the study was to determine whether Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (PAI-1) -675 4G/5G polymorphism is associated with the response of functional plasma PAI-1 concentrations to changes in the amount and quality of dietary fat in healthy subjects. PAI-1 is the major inhibitor of fibrinolysis, and a lower level of fibrinolytic activity could be implicated in an increased risk of IHD. Fifty-nine healthy Spanish volunteers (ten 4G/4G homozygotes, twenty-eight heterozygotes 4G/5G and twenty-one 5G/5G homozygotes) consumed three diets for periods of 4 weeks each: a SFA-rich diet (38% fat, 20% SFA), followed by a carbohydrate-rich diet (30% fat, 55% carbohydrate) and a MUFA-rich diet (38% fat, 22% MUFA) according to a randomized crossover design. At the end of each dietary period plasma lipid and functional plasma PAM concentrations were determined. Subjects carrying the 4G allele (4G/4G and 4G/5G) showed a significant decrease in PAI-1 concentrations after the MUFA diet, compared with the SFA-rich and carbohydrate-rich diets (genotype x diet interaction: P=0.028). 5G/5G homozygotes had the lowest plasma PAI-1 concentrations compared with 4G/4G and 4G/5G subjects (genotype: P=0.002), without any changes as a result of the amount and the quality of the dietary fat. In summary, no differences in plasma PAI-1 concentration response were found after changes in dietary fat intake in 5G/5G homozygotes, although these subjects displayed the lowest concentrations of PAI-1. On the other hand, carriers of the 4G allele are more likely to hyper-respond to the presence of MUFA in the diet because of a greater decrease in PAI-1 concentrations. C1 [Perez-Martinez, P.; Adarraga-Cansino, M. D.; de la Puebla, R. A. Fernandez; Blanco-Molina, A.; Delgado-Lista, J.; Marin, C.; Lopez-Miranda, J.; Perez-Jimenez, F.] Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Cordoba 14004, Spain. [Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Perez-Martinez, P (reprint author), Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM pablopermar@yahoo.es OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 4 BP 699 EP 702 DI 10.1017/S0007114507831710 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 288QB UT WOS:000254999800001 PM 17903340 ER PT J AU Fennimore, SA Duniway, JM Browne, GT Martin, FN Ajwa, HA Westerdahl, BB Goodhue, RE Haar, M Winterbottorn, C AF Fennimore, Steven A. Duniway, John M. Browne, Greg T. Martin, Frank N. Ajwa, Husein A. Westerdahl, Becky B. Goodhue, Rachael E. Haar, Milton Winterbottorn, Christopher TI Methyl bromide alternatives evaluated for California strawberry nurseries SO CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID RUNNER PLANT-PRODUCTION; SOIL FUMIGATION AB The recent phase-out of the soil fumigant methyl bromide (MB) due to its impact on stratospheric ozone presents a huge challenge to strawberry nursery producers. We evaluated the effectiveness of alternative fumigants on soil pests and plant productivity, as well as production costs in California strawberry nurseries. Our trials followed nursery stock through low- and high-elevation phases of runner-plant propagation and a complete cycle of fruit production in coastal fields. Plant yields from the nurseries and fruit yields from Oxnard and Watsonville indicated that nursery plots treated with iodomethane plus chloropicrin, with 1,3-dichloropropene followed by dazomet, and with chloropicrin followed by dazomet produced runner-plant yields that were similar to methyl bromide plus chloropicrin. However, our economic analysis suggests that nursery profitability may nonetheless suffer from the loss of methyl bromide. C1 [Fennimore, Steven A.; Ajwa, Husein A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Duniway, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Browne, Greg T.] USDA, Davis, CA USA. [Martin, Frank N.] USDA, Salinas, CA USA. [Westerdahl, Becky B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Goodhue, Rachael E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Haar, Milton] Univ Minnesota, Lamberton, MN USA. [Winterbottorn, Christopher] Sierra Cascade Nursery, Susanville, CA USA. RP Fennimore, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA, OAKLAND, DIVISION AGRICULTURE & NATURAL RESOURCES PI OAKLAND PA 1111 FRANKLIN ST, 6TH FLOOR, OAKLAND, CA 94607-5200 USA SN 0008-0845 J9 CALIF AGR JI Calif. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 62 IS 2 BP 62 EP 67 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 285RM UT WOS:000254793900009 ER PT J AU Farrigan, TL AF Farrigan, Tracey L. TI Social Solutions to Poverty: America's Struggle to Build a Just Society SO CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF REGIONS ECONOMY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Farrigan, Tracey L.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Farrigan, TL (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM tfarrigan@ers.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-1378 J9 CAMB J REG ECON SOC JI Camb. J. Regions Econ. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA V17UQ UT WOS:000207962500016 ER PT J AU Farrigan, TL AF Farrigan, Tracey L. TI Child Poverty in America Today (Four Volumes) SO CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF REGIONS ECONOMY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Farrigan, Tracey L.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Farrigan, TL (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM tfarrigan@ers.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-1378 J9 CAMB J REG ECON SOC JI Camb. J. Regions Econ. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA V17UQ UT WOS:000207962500011 ER PT J AU Farrigan, TL AF Farrigan, Tracey L. TI Ends and Means: The Future Roles of Social Housing in England SO CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF REGIONS ECONOMY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Farrigan, Tracey L.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Farrigan, TL (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM tfarrigan@ers.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-1378 J9 CAMB J REG ECON SOC JI Camb. J. Regions Econ. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA V17UQ UT WOS:000207962500012 ER PT J AU Farrigan, TL AF Farrigan, Tracey L. TI An Atlas of Poverty in America: One Nation, Pulling Apart, 1960-2003 SO CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF REGIONS ECONOMY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Farrigan, Tracey L.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Farrigan, TL (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM tfarrigan@ers.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-1378 J9 CAMB J REG ECON SOC JI Camb. J. Regions Econ. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA V17UQ UT WOS:000207962500009 ER PT J AU Farrigan, TL AF Farrigan, Tracey L. TI Spread the Peanut Butter Thin! SO CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF REGIONS ECONOMY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Farrigan, Tracey L.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Farrigan, TL (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM tfarrigan@ers.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-1378 J9 CAMB J REG ECON SOC JI Camb. J. Regions Econ. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA V17UQ UT WOS:000207962500010 ER PT J AU Farrigan, TL AF Farrigan, Tracey L. TI The Geography of American Poverty: Is There a Need for Place-Based Policies? SO CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF REGIONS ECONOMY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Farrigan, Tracey L.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Farrigan, TL (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM tfarrigan@ers.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-1378 J9 CAMB J REG ECON SOC JI Camb. J. Regions Econ. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA V17UQ UT WOS:000207962500015 ER PT J AU Farrigan, TL AF Farrigan, Tracey L. TI Ending Poverty in America: How to Restore the American Dream SO CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF REGIONS ECONOMY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Farrigan, Tracey L.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Farrigan, TL (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM tfarrigan@ers.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-1378 J9 CAMB J REG ECON SOC JI Camb. J. Regions Econ. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA V17UQ UT WOS:000207962500017 ER PT J AU Farrigan, TL AF Farrigan, Tracey L. TI Inequality and the State SO CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF REGIONS ECONOMY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Farrigan, Tracey L.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Farrigan, TL (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM tfarrigan@ers.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-1378 J9 CAMB J REG ECON SOC JI Camb. J. Regions Econ. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA V17UQ UT WOS:000207962500013 ER PT J AU Farrigan, TL AF Farrigan, Tracey L. TI Poverty, Wealth and Place in Britain, 1968 to 2005 SO CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF REGIONS ECONOMY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Farrigan, Tracey L.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Farrigan, TL (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM tfarrigan@ers.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-1378 J9 CAMB J REG ECON SOC JI Camb. J. Regions Econ. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA V17UQ UT WOS:000207962500014 ER PT J AU Baker, PJ Robinson, AP Ewel, JJ AF Baker, Patrick J. Robinson, Andrew P. Ewel, John J. TI Sudden and sustained response of Acacia koa crop trees to crown release in stagnant stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-RESPONSE; BLACK-CHERRY; WATER-USE; FOREST; FERTILIZATION; HAWAII; PRODUCTIVITY; UNCERTAINTY; HARDWOOD; DENSITY AB We examined the growth response of Acacia koa Gray (koa) in dense (10 000 trees/ha), similar to 25-year-old, second-growth stands on Hawai'i to crown release (thinning) and grass control. Koa diameter increment increased within 2 months of thinning across the range of residual densities (200-900 trees/ha). After 3ayears, diameter increment in the most intense thinning treatment was 180% greater than in the control treatment (1.4 vs. 0.5acm/year); in the least intense thinning treatment diameter increment was 100% greater than the control (1.0 vs. 0.5acm/year). Koa's growth response was independent of all measures of tree size (diameter at breast height, height, and leaf area) across the range of tree sizes sampled. A grass control treatment to determine if reduced competition for soil water would improve koa growth showed no improvement in growth response. Koa phyllode delta(13)C values, which represent an integrated measure of tree water status, showed no evidence of tree water stress (mean delta(13)C =a-28.3 parts per thousand) and were not significantly different between the grass removal and control treatments. These results demonstrate that koa is capable of responding quickly and positively to crown release despite years of suppressed growth and suggest that landowners interested in managing koa forests may have considerable flexibility in the timing and application of thinning treatments to koa stands. C1 [Baker, Patrick J.; Ewel, John J.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Robinson, Andrew P.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Math & Stat, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Baker, PJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM patrick.baker@sci.monash.edu.au RI Robinson, Andrew/F-5291-2011; OI Robinson, Andrew/0000-0002-0509-6043; Baker, Patrick/0000-0002-6560-7124 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 656 EP 666 DI 10.1139/X07-137 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304OU UT WOS:000256119600002 ER PT J AU Jordan, L Clark, A Schimleck, LR Hall, DB Daniels, RF AF Jordan, Lewis Clark, Alexander, III Schimleck, Laurence R. Hall, Daniel B. Daniels, Richard F. TI Regional variation in wood specific gravity of planted loblolly pine in the United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA; MATURE WOOD; JUVENILE AB Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is the most important plantation species in the southeastern United States and specific gravity (SG) is its most important wood quality trait. Analysis of annual ring SG of breast height (1.37 m) increment cores from 3957 trees representing 147aplantations across the species natural range showed that ring SG increases with increasing age and varies significantly among physiographic regions. The South Atlantic and Gulf regions had the highest ring SGs, while the Hilly and Piedmont regions had the lowest. Based on ring SG, the juvenile period averages 4.3ayears, followed by 8.6ayears of transition wood, with mature wood produced by year 13. Whole-core mean SG was significantly higher in the South Atlantic (0.486) compared with the other regions (mean = 0.455), which were not statistically different from each other. Trees from the South Atlantic have significantly higher whole-core SG because they contain significantly more latewood (40.1%) compared with trees growing in other regions (33.8%). Maps indicate that stands in the South Atlantic and Gulf regions have the highest SG at a given age. Stands growing on the northern and western fringe of the natural range of loblolly pine have the lowest whole-core SG. C1 [Jordan, Lewis; Schimleck, Laurence R.; Daniels, Richard F.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Clark, Alexander, III] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hall, Daniel B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jordan, L (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lcj6444@warnell.uga.edu NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 698 EP 710 DI 10.1139/X07-158 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304OU UT WOS:000256119600006 ER PT J AU Samuelson, LJ Butnor, J Maier, C Stokes, TA Johnsen, K Kane, M AF Samuelson, Lisa J. Butnor, John Maier, Chris Stokes, Tom A. Johnsen, Kurt Kane, Michael TI Growth and physiology of loblolly pine in response to long-term resource management: defining growth potential in the southern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; COMPLETE COMPETITION CONTROL; LEAF-AREA INDEX; COARSE-ROOT BIOMASS; TAEDA L. STANDS; INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT; ANNUAL FERTILIZATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TREE ROOTS; FOREST AB Leaf physiology and stem growth were assessed in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in response to 10 to 11 years of treatment with weed control (W), weed control plus irrigation (WI), weed control plus irrigation and fertigation (WIF), or weed control plus irrigation, fertigation, and pest control (WIFP) to determine whether increased resource availability can push productivity of loblolly pine closer to its biological growth potential expressed in favorable, exotic environments. Maximum basal area and stem biomass were 41 m(2 center dot)ha(-1) and 172 Mg center dot ha(-1), respectively, in response to fertigation. Stemwood biomass production was positively and linearly related to basal area. Belowground woody biomass was highest in the WIF and WIFP treatments and averaged 50 Mg center dot ha(-1), but the W and WI treatments exploited a greater area of soil with low-density coarse roots. Fertigation increased foliar nitrogen concentration and foliage biomass, but treatment had no effect on leaf physiological parameters or growth efficiency. Comparison with growth rates reported for loblolly pine in Hawaii revealed that loblolly pine grown in its native range can produce the high yields observed in exotic environments when stands are below maximum carrying capacity. C1 [Samuelson, Lisa J.; Stokes, Tom A.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Butnor, John] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Maier, Chris; Johnsen, Kurt] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kane, Michael] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Samuelson, LJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 3301 SFWS Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM samuelj@auburn.edu RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 NR 60 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 721 EP 732 DI 10.1139/X07-191 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304OU UT WOS:000256119600008 ER PT J AU Ross-Davis, A Ostry, M Woeste, KE AF Ross-Davis, Amy Ostry, Michael Woeste, Keith E. TI Genetic diversity of butternut (Juglans cinerea) and implications for conservation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MICROSATELLITES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATIONS; CANKER; FLOW; DIFFERENTIATION; HETEROZYGOSITY; ALLELES; SYSTEM AB The management of threatened and endangered species can be improved by understanding their patterns of genetic diversity and structure. This paper presents the results of the first analysis of the population genetics of butternut (Juglans cinerea L.) using nuclear microsatellites. Butternut once was an economically and ecologically valuable hardwood, but now its numbers are rapidly decreasing throughout its native range in eastern North America. By genotyping butternut trees (n = 157) from five populations at seven highly polymorphic loci, we determined that the remaining genetic diversity for the species is considerably higher than previously estimated (mean H(E) = 0.75). Populations were nearly genetically homogenous (F(ST) = 0.025), with no evidence of isolation by distance. These results indicate that butternut retains a large amount of genetic diversity, and that it is not too late to implement strategies to conserve local butternut populations. C1 [Ross-Davis, Amy; Woeste, Keith E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ostry, Michael] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Woeste, KE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, Pfendler Hall,715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kwoeste@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 899 EP 907 DI 10.1139/X08-030 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304OU UT WOS:000256119600023 ER PT J AU Stone, JK Coop, LB Manter, DK AF Stone, Jeffrey K. Coop, Leonard B. Manter, Daniel K. TI Predicting effects of climate change on Swiss needle cast disease severity in Pacific Northwest forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Effects of Climate Change on Tree Diseases CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2006 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Canadian Phytopathol Soc, Amer Phytopathol Soc, Mycol Soc DE Douglas-fir; Mycosphaerella; Phaeocryptopus; Pseudotsuga ID PHAEOCRYPTOPUS-GAEUMANNII; DOUGLAS-FIR; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; COASTAL OREGON; ASSIMILATION; PLANTATIONS; PATHOGEN AB Swiss needle cast of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is Caused by the ascomycete Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii. Symptoms are foliage chlorosis and premature needle abscission due to occlusion of stomata by the ascocarps of the pathogen, resulting in impaired needle gas exchange. Growth losses of 20%-50% due to Swiss needle cast have been reported for approximately 150 000 ha of Douglas-fir plantations in western Ore oil since 1996. In the western Coast Range of Oreuon and in New Zealand, winter temperature is strongly correlated with pathogen abundance. Models for predicting, disease severity based oil winter temperature account for 77% and 78% of the variation in 1- and 2-year-old needles, respectively, for western Oregon sites and approximately 80% for New Zealand. A trend of temperatures increasing by 0.2-0.4 degrees C during the Winter Months and Spring precipitation increasing by 0.7-1.5 cm/decade since 1970 suggests that regional climate trends are influencing the current distribution and severity of Swiss needle cast disease. Continuing winter temperature increases predicted for the Pacific Northwest of approximately 0.4 degrees C/decade through 2050 suggest that the severity and distribution of Swiss needle cast is likely to increase in the coming decades as a result of climate change. with significant consequences for Pacific Northwest forests. C1 [Stone, Jeffrey K.; Coop, Leonard B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Manter, Daniel K.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stone, JK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM stonej@science.oregonstate.edu NR 22 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350KF UT WOS:000259350600001 ER PT J AU Gray, FA Hollingsworth, CR Reedy, CJ Legg, DE Larsen, RC Groose, RW Koch, DW AF Gray, F. A. Hollingsworth, C. R. Reedy, C. J. Legg, D. E. Larsen, R. C. Groose, R. W. Koch, D. W. TI Pathogenicity of 14 isolates of Phoma scierotioides, causing brown root rot of alfalfa SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Plenodomus meliloti; Leptosphaeria sp.; Medicago sativa ID SCLEROTIOIDES; 1ST-REPORT AB Fourteen isolates of Phoma sclerotioides were compared for pathogenicity to alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Thirteen isolates obtained from roots of diseased alfalfa plants collected in Wyoming were compared with one isolate From the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 56515) previously obtained from a diseased alfalfa root collected in Canada. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain inoculum of all 14 isolates was prepared and placed adjacent to the upper taproot of 4- to 6-month-old 'multi-plier' alfalfa plants grown in tall one Treepots (Stuewe & Sons, Corvallis, Ore.) containing a pasteurized soil-sand mixture. After inoculation, plants were placed outdoors in Laramie, Wyoming, USA. to undergo exposure to winter conditions previously reported to be essential for fungal infection. Bales of straw were placed around potted plants and loose straw was placed oil top of plants for additional protection against winter injury. Each spring, plants were returned to the greenhouse and roots were given a disease rating for brown root rot on a scale of 1-5 (1, no disease symptoms, healthy-appearing root; 5, acute root symptoms, plant dead). Plants were maintained in the greenhouse during the summer and, again, placed Outside in the early fall for a second winter exposure period. All 14 isolates were pathogenic to alfalfa. Mean disease severity rating and plant mortality of isolates in test I were 4.0 and 34.5%, respectively, after the first winter and 4.8 and 56.5%. respectively. (cumulative mortality of 91.0%) after the second winter Final disease severity ratings and plant mortality for test 2 were 3.9 and 51.6%. respectively, after the first Winter and 4.5 and 7.9%, respectively, (cumulative mortality of 59.5%) after the second winter. Although differing, somewhat in morphology when maintained in the dark at 10 degrees C for 3 months on potato dextrose agar, all 14 isolates had beaked pyenidia, had single-celled conidia, and were identified morphologically as P. sclerotioides. C1 [Gray, F. A.; Hollingsworth, C. R.; Reedy, C. J.; Legg, D. E.; Groose, R. W.; Koch, D. W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Larsen, R. C.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Prod, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Gray, FA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept 3354, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM fagray@uwyo.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 285 EP 293 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350KF UT WOS:000259350600011 ER PT J AU Kumar, K Xi, K Turkington, TK Chen, XM Navabi, A Helm, J Salmon, D AF Kumar, K. Xi, K. Turkington, T. K. Chen, X. M. Navabi, A. Helm, J. Salmon, D. TI Resistance evaluation and survey of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) of cereals SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Alberta Agr & Food, Field Crop Dev Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. [Turkington, T. K.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. [Chen, X. M.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X. M.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Navabi, A.] Univ Alberta, Agr Forestry Serv 410, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 369 EP 370 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350KF UT WOS:000259350600030 ER PT J AU Elliott, M Sumampong, G Varga, A Shamoun, SF James, D Masri, S Briere, SC Grunwald, NJ AF Elliott, M. Sumampong, G. Varga, A. Shamoun, S. F. James, D. Masri, S. Briere, S. C. Grunwald, N. J. TI Pathogenicity of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum and other Phytophthora spp. on Pacific northwest host plants SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Varga, A.; James, D.; Masri, S.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Plant Hlth, Sidney, BC V8L 1H3, Canada. [Briere, S. C.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Plant Quarantine Pests, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. [Grunwald, N. J.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 373 EP 373 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350KF UT WOS:000259350600037 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MW Dargatz, DA Wagner, BA AF Sanderson, Michael W. Dargatz, David A. Wagner, Bruce A. TI Risk factors for initial respiratory disease in United States' feedlots based on producer-collected daily morbidity counts SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article ID FATAL FIBRINOUS PNEUMONIA; CATTLE; CALVES; PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT AB The incidence of initial respiratory disease was followed for 12 weeks in 122 pens of feedlot cattle, based on producer-collected daily morbidity counts. Weekly incidence density was calculated based on the number of new cases and the population at risk. Incidence density was greatest in the 1st week after arrival and decreased in following weeks. Weekly incidence rate varied between pens and over time from 0 to 27.7 cases per 100 animal weeks at risk. A negative binomial model controlling for multiple events within pens and over time was used to model effects on the number of new cases. Mixed gender groups, cattle from multiple sources and increasing distance shipped were associated with increased risk for initial respiratory morbidity. Heavier entry weight was associated with decreased morbidity risk. These factors may be useful in categorizing groups of calves into risk groups for targeted purchase and management decision making. C1 [Sanderson, Michael W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dargatz, David A.; Wagner, Bruce A.] USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Sanderson, MW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, 103J Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM sandersn@vet.k-state.edu NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD APR PY 2008 VL 49 IS 4 BP 373 EP 378 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 289PN UT WOS:000255066500005 PM 18481546 ER PT J AU Durgan, DJ Young, ME AF Durgan, David J. Young, Martin E. TI Linking the cardiomyocyte circadian clock to myocardial metabolism SO CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Heart-and-Vascular-Metabolism CY JUN 18-20, 2007 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS SP Soc Heart & Vasc Metabolism DE fatty acids; glycogen; ion channels; nuclear receptors; triglyceride ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; REV-ERB-ALPHA; PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE CELLS; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; FAILING HUMAN HEART; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Introduction The energetic demands imposed upon the heart vary dramatically over the course of the day. In the face of equally commanding oscillations in the neurohumoral mileu, the heart must respond both rapidly and appropriately to its diurnal environment, for the survival of the organism. A major response of the heart to alterations in workload, nutrients, and various neurohumoral stimuli is at the level of metabolism. Failure of the heart to achieve adequate metabolic adaptation results in contractile dysfunction. Discussion Substantial evidence is accumulating which suggests that a transcriptionally based timekeeping mechanism known as the circadian clock plays a role in mediating myocardial metabolic rhythms. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge regarding the interplay between the circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte and myocardial metabolism. This includes a particular focus on circadian clock mediated regulation of endogenous energy stores, as well as those mechanisms orchestrating circadian rhythms in metabolic gene expression. Conclusion An essential need to elucidate fully the functions of this molecular mechanism in the heart remains. C1 [Durgan, David J.; Young, Martin E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM meyoung@bcm.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL074259] NR 96 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-3206 J9 CARDIOVASC DRUG THER JI Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s10557-008-6086-y PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 292GF UT WOS:000255253800006 PM 18274886 ER PT J AU Koonen, DPY Jacobs, RL Febbraio, M Young, ME Ong, H Vance, DE Dyck, JRB AF Koonen, Debby P. Y. Jacobs, Rene L. Febbraio, Maria Young, Martin E. Ong, Huy Vance, Dennis E. Dyck, Jason R. B. TI CD36 mediates fatty acid uptake and triglyceride storage and contributes to dyslipidemia associated with diet-induced obesity SO CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Koonen, Debby P. Y.; Dyck, Jason R. B.] Univ Alberta, Cardiovasc Res Grp, Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Jacobs, Rene L.; Vance, Dennis E.] Univ Alberta, CIHR Grp Mol & Cell Biol Lipids, Dept Biochem, Fac Med & Dent, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Febbraio, Maria] Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Cell Biol, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Young, Martin E.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ong, Huy] Univ Montreal, Fac Pharm, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Ong, Huy] Univ Montreal, Dept Pharmacol, Fac Med, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-3206 J9 CARDIOVASC DRUG THER JI Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 292GF UT WOS:000255253800009 ER PT J AU Bray, MS Shaw, CA Moore, MWS Garcia, RAP Zanquetta, MM Tsai, JY Dyck, JRB Chow, CW Young, ME AF Bray, Molly S. Shaw, Chad A. Moore, Michael W. S. Garcia, Rodrigo A. P. Zanquetta, Melissa M. Tsai, Ju-Yun Dyck, Jason R. B. Chow, Chi-Wing Young, Martin E. TI The intrinsic circadian Clock within the cardiomyocyte directly regulates myocardial gene expression, metabolism, and contractile function SO CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bray, Molly S.; Shaw, Chad A.; Moore, Michael W. S.; Garcia, Rodrigo A. P.; Zanquetta, Melissa M.; Tsai, Ju-Yun; Dyck, Jason R. B.; Chow, Chi-Wing; Young, Martin E.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-3206 J9 CARDIOVASC DRUG THER JI Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 143 EP 143 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 292GF UT WOS:000255253800032 ER PT J AU Wilson, CR Tran, MK Salazar, KL Philip, F Leichman, JG Guthrie, PH King, TM Young, ME Taegtmeyer, H AF Wilson, Christopher R. Tran, Mai K. Salazar, Katrina L. Philip, Femi Leichman, Joshua G. Guthrie, Patrick H. King, Terri M. Young, Martin E. Taegtmeyer, Heinrich TI 'Western' diet, but not high fat diet, causes maladaptation of cardiac fatty acid metabolism and cardiac dysfunction in the Wistar rat SO CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wilson, Christopher R.; Tran, Mai K.; Salazar, Katrina L.; Philip, Femi; Leichman, Joshua G.; Guthrie, Patrick H.; Taegtmeyer, Heinrich] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med,Div Cardiol, Houston, TX USA. [King, Terri M.] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. [Young, Martin E.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-3206 J9 CARDIOVASC DRUG THER JI Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 143 EP 144 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 292GF UT WOS:000255253800034 ER PT J AU Luo, MH Bazargan, N Griffith, DP Estivariz, CF Leader, LM Easley, KA Daignault, NM Hao, L Meddings, JB Galloway, JR Blumberg, JB Jones, DP Ziegler, TR AF Luo, Menghua Bazargan, Niloofar Griffith, Daniel P. Estivariz, Concepcion F. Leader, Lorraine M. Easley, Kirk A. Daignault, Nicole M. Hao, Li Meddings, Jon B. Galloway, John R. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Jones, Dean P. Ziegler, Thomas R. TI Metabolic effects of enteral versus parenteral alanyl-glutamine dipeptide administration in critically ill patients receiving enteral feeding: A pilot study SO CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; glutamine; enteral nutrition; parenteral nutrition; critical illness ID BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DOUBLE-BLIND; INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY; GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; TRAUMA PATIENTS; HUMAN MUSCLE AB Background: Glutamine (Gln) may become conditionally indispensable during critical illness. The short-term metabolic effects of enteral versus parenteral Gln supplementation are unknown in this clinical setting. Objectives: We studied metabolic effects of intravenous (IV) alanyl-Gln dipeptide (AG) supplementation and enteral (EN) AG supplementation on plasma Gln concentration, antioxidant status, plasma lymphocyte subset number, gut permeability and nitrogen balance in adult critically ill patients requiring tube feeding compared to a control group not receiving Gln supplementation. Methods: In a double-blind, pilot clinical trial, 44 medical and surgical ICU patients received identical Gln-free tube feedings 24 h/day and were randomized to either isonitrogenous control (n = 15), EN AG in = 15) or IV AG (n = 14) groups (AG). Twelve patients were discontinued from the study. The goat AG dose was 0.5 g/kg/day. Biochemical and metabolic end-points were measured at baseline and on day 9 (plasma Gin, antioxidant indices, Lymphocyte subsets; serum IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein-3; intestinal permeability). Nitrogen balance was determined between study days 6 and 8. Results: Illness severity indices, clinical demographics, enteral energy and nitrogen intake and major biochemical indices were similar between groups during study. Plasma Gin was higher in the IV AG (565 +/- 119 mu M, mean +/- SEM) vs the EN AG (411 +/- 27 mu M) group by day 9 (p = 0.039); however, subjects in the IV AG group received a higher dose of AG (IV AG 0.50 versus EN AG 0.32 +/- 0.02 g/kg/day; p < 0.001). EN AG subjects showed a significant increase in plasma a-tocopherol Levels over time and maintained plasma gamma-tocopherol concentrations. There were no differences between groups for plasma concentrations of vitamin C. glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), T-lymphocyte subsets, intestinal permeability or nitrogen balance. Conclusions: This study showed that alanyl-Gln administration by enteral or parenteral routes did not appear to affect antioxidant capacity or oxidative stress markers, T-Lymphocyte subset (CD-3, CD-4, CD-8) number, gut barrier function or whole-body protein metabolism compared to unsupplemented ICU patients requiring enteral tube feeding. Enteral. Gin appeared to maintain plasma tocopherol Levels in this pilot metabolic study. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved. C1 [Daignault, Nicole M.; Galloway, John R.; Ziegler, Thomas R.] Emory Univ Hosp, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Nutr & Metab Support Serv, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Luo, Menghua; Bazargan, Niloofar; Estivariz, Concepcion F.; Leader, Lorraine M.; Hao, Li; Jones, Dean P.; Ziegler, Thomas R.] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Galloway, John R.] Emory Univ, Dept Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Easley, Kirk A.] Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Luo, Menghua; Jones, Dean P.; Ziegler, Thomas R.] Emory Univ, Ctr Clin & Mol Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meddings, Jon B.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. RP Ziegler, TR (reprint author), Emory Univ Hosp, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Nutr & Metab Support Serv, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM tzieg01@emory.edu RI Xia, Xianfeng/F-9169-2011; Easley, Kirk/K-6910-2015 OI Easley, Kirk/0000-0003-4419-2617 FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000454]; NCRR NIH HHS [K24 RR023356, M01 RR000039, M01 RR00039, K24 RR023356-02]; NIDDK NIH HHS [U01 DK069322, R03 DK054823-02, R03 DK054823, R03 DK54823, U01 DK069322-04] NR 40 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0261-5614 J9 CLIN NUTR JI Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.clnu.2007.12.003 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 296US UT WOS:000255571900019 PM 18258342 ER PT J AU Kornecki, TS Prior, SA Runion, GB Rogers, HH Erbach, DC AF Kornecki, T. S. Prior, S. A. Runion, G. B. Rogers, H. H. Erbach, D. C. TI Hydraulic core extraction: Cutting device for soil-root studies SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE large-diameter soil cores; root sampling; soil processing ID CORING SYSTEM; SAMPLER; DISTURBANCE AB A critical objective of belowground research is to collect and process representative soil samples. Mechanical devices have been developed to quickly take soil cores in the field; however, techniques to rapidly process large-diameter soil cores are lacking. Our objective was to design and construct a soil extraction-cutting system that could effectively reduce processing time. Soil cores were extracted from large diameter steel core tubes using a custom hydraulic cylinder device that vertically pushes the soil core to a desired depth increment before cutting in a horizontal direction with another hydraulically driven device. As many as eight large cores per hour could be processed with this system. This system has been effectively used in processing soil samples from both agricultural and forestry sites to meet desired experimental goals. C1 [Kornecki, T. S.; Prior, S. A.; Runion, G. B.; Rogers, H. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Erbach, D. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kornecki, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM ted.kornecki@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD APR PY 2008 VL 39 IS 7-8 BP 1080 EP 1089 DI 10.1080/00103620801925588 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 290MG UT WOS:000255126300010 ER PT J AU Codling, EE Chaney, RL Mulchi, CL AF Codling, Eton E. Chaney, Rufus L. Mulchi, Charles L. TI Effects of broiler litter management practices on phosphorus, copper, zinc, manganese, and arsenic concentrations in Maryland Coastal Plain soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake bay; eutrophication; watershed ID POULTRY LITTER; CONTAMINATION; BANGLADESH; IMPACT; WASTE AB The objective of this research was to assess the long-term effects of broiler litter applications on soil phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and arsenic (As) concentrations in Chesapeake Bay watershed Coastal Plain soils. Litter and soil samples were collected from 10 farms with more than 40 years of broiler production and from wooded sites adjacent to fields and were analyzed for P and metal contents. Averaged over farms, total P and metal concentrations in the litter were 12.8 g kg(-1) P and 332, 350, 334, and 2.93 mg kg(-1) Cu, Zn, Mn, and As, respectively. Surface (0-15 cm) soil pH values were greater than (5.7-6.4) the 0- to 15-cm depth at wooded sites (3.5-4.3). Surface soil Bray 1 P values (149-796 mg kg(-1)) in amended fields were greater than wooded sites (4.4-17 mg kg(-1)). The IN nitric acid (HNO3)-extractable metal concentrations were higher in amended soils than in wooded areas and were 7.7-32, 5.7-26, 12.3-71, and 0.6-3.0 mg kg(-1) for Cu, Zn, Mn, and As, respectively, compared to 0.76-14, 4.6-22, 1.6-70, and 0.14-0.59 mg kg(-1) for the same metals, respectively, in wooded areas. Results from this study demonstrated that long-term broiler litter applications have altered the chemical properties of the Coastal Plain soils of the Maryland Eastern Shore. Metal concentrations were low in the surface layer of amended fields and typically decreased with depth. Phosphorus additions rather than metals are most likely to contribute to the degradation of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. C1 [Codling, Eton E.; Chaney, Rufus L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management Byproduct Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mulchi, Charles L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources & Landscaping Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management Byproduct Utilizat Lab, Bldg 007,Room 211,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM codlinge@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD APR PY 2008 VL 39 IS 7-8 BP 1193 EP 1205 DI 10.1080/00103620801925901 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 290MG UT WOS:000255126300019 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Russell, BA Richards, MP AF Rosebrough, Robert W. Russell, Beverly A. Richards, Mark P. TI Short term changes in the expression of lipogenic genes in broilers (Gallus gallus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipogenic genes; broilers; chicken ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LIPID-METABOLISM; MESSENGER-RNA; ENERGY RELATIONS; MALIC ENZYME; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; INVITRO LIPOGENESIS; FEEDING REGIMENS; PROTEIN-LEVELS; AVIAN LIVER AB The purpose of these experiments were to determine possible relationships between certain indices of lipid metabolism and specific gene expression in chickens fed graded levels of dietary crude protein. Male, broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 days of age were fed diets containing 12 or 30% protein ad libitum. Both groups were then switched on day 28 to the diets containing the opposite level of protein. Birds were killed on day 28 (basal values prior to the switch) and at 12, 18 and 24 h post switch. Measurements taken included in vitro lipogenesis, malic enzyme activity the expression of the genes for malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase and acetyl coenzyme carboxylase. In vitro lipogenesis and malic enzyme activity were inversely related to dietary protein levels (12 to 30%) and to acute changes from 12 to 30%. Malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase genes were constant over a dietary protein range of 12 to 21% as in previous experiments, but decreased by feeding a 30% protein diet in the present experiments (acute or chronic feeding). Results of the present study demonstrate a continued role for protein in the regulation of broiler metabolism. Metabolic regulation at the gene level only occurs when feeding very high levels of dietary protein. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rosebrough, Robert W.; Russell, Beverly A.; Richards, Mark P.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 200 Rm 212,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bob.Rosebrough@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 149 IS 4 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.01.035 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 294CU UT WOS:000255382500006 PM 18313342 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG Mitchell, AD AF Ramsay, T. G. Mitchell, A. D. TI Impact of dietary protein content on uncoupling protein mRNA abundance in swine SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE UCP2; UCP3; PPAR alpha; PPAR gamma; lipid metabolism ID ACID-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS; PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; SOYBEAN MEAL DIETS; ENERGY RESTRICTED DIETS; LOW-CRUDE PROTEIN; ACYL-COA OXIDASE; PIGS FED PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWING-PIGS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE AB The present study was designed to determine if dietary protein can alter uncoupling protein (UCP) expression in swine, as has been shown in rats, and attempt to identify the mechanism. Eight pigs (similar to 50 kg body mass) were fed an 18% crude protein (CP) diet while another eight pigs were switched to a diet containing 12% crude protein (CP) and fed these diets until 110 kg body mass. The outer (OSQ) and middle (MSQ) subcutaneous adipose tissues, liver, leaf fat, longissimus (LM), red portion of the semitendinosus (STR) and the white portion of the ST (STW) were analyzed for gene expression by real-time PCR. Feeding of 12% CP did not alter growth or carcass composition, relative to 18% CP (P>0.05). Serum growth hormone, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides and urea nitrogen were reduced with the feeding of 12% CP (P<0.05). The UCP2 mRNA abundance was reduced in LM, STR, MSQ and OSQ with feeding of 12% CP (P<0.05), as was UCP3 mRNA abundance in MSQ and STW (P<0.01). Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and PPAR gamma were reduced in MSQ and STR (P<0.05) with feeding 12% CP as was the PPAR alpha regulated protein, acyl CoA oxidase (ACOX, P<0.05). These data suggest that feeding 12% CP relative to 18% CP reduces serum NEFA, which reduces PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma expression and consequently reduces UCP2 lipoperoxidation in OSQ and STR and also reduced UCP3 associated fatty acid transport in MSQ and STW. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ramsay, T. G.; Mitchell, A. D.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), BARC East, Bldg 200,Rm 207, Beltsville, MD USA. EM tramsay@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 77 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 149 IS 4 BP 562 EP 571 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.11.007 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 284WI UT WOS:000254737200004 PM 18242111 ER PT J AU Kitchen, NR AF Kitchen, Newell R. TI Emerging technologies for real-time and integrated agriculture decisions SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE automated operation; site-specific applications; farm computers; precision agriculture ID CONSERVATION AB The papers in this special issue arise from the premise that precision agriculture information increases in value when data collection, data processing, and management actions are integrated. It seems evident that precision agriculture adoption has been hindered, in part, due to the lack of products that bring together engineering and agronomics. Additionally, the idea has been for-warded in recent years suggesting that precision agricultural systems should be developed to achieve conservation and other environmental benefits. In the end, users of precision agriculture systems want to know that the best science and technology are employed, but that the information-gathering and decision-making process does not hinder their day-to-day operations of producing the crop. The papers in this special issue were presented at a symposium held at the annual meetings of the American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, and Crop Science Society of America in 2005. They highlight examples of spatial information collection and processing to accomplish real- or near real-time management operations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kitchen, NR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Newell.Kitchen@ARS.USDA.gov NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD APR PY 2008 VL 61 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2007.06.007 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 272GP UT WOS:000253848200001 ER PT J AU Sudduth, KA Chung, SO Andrade-Sanchez, P Upadhyaya, SK AF Sudduth, Kenneth A. Chung, Sun-Ok Andrade-Sanchez, Pedro Upadhyaya, Shriniuasa K. TI Field comparison of two prototype soil strength profile sensors SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE soil compaction; soil strength; precision agriculture; sensors; cone index ID ON-THE-GO; MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CUTTING BLADES; PERFORMANCE; TILLAGE; PENETROMETER; COMPACTION; DYNAMICS; FAILURE AB Soil compaction that is induced by tillage and traction is an ongoing concern in crop production, and also has environmental consequences. Although cone penetrometers provide standardized compaction measurements, the pointwise data collected makes it difficult to obtain enough data to represent within-field variability. Moreover, penetrometer data exhibit considerable variability even at a single location, requiring several measurements to obtain representative readings. For more efficient data collection, on-the-go compaction sensors that obtain data at multiple depths are being developed by several research groups. The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the field performance of two on-the-go compaction sensors. Tests were conducted at two central Missouri field sites where soil types ranged from sandy loam to clay. The soil strength profile sensor (SSPS) measured compaction to a 50-cm depth on 10-cm intervals. The soil compaction profile sensor (SCPS) also used five sensing elements and obtained data to 40.6 cm on a 7.6-cm interval. Cone penetrometer measurements of compaction were obtained at intervals along each transect for comparison. Data were compared between the two on-the-go sensors and were also related to penetrometer and soil property data. The repeatability of SCPS data was somewhat better than that of SSPS data. Data from the two sensors were linearly related, with similar regression equations for each individual site and for both sites combined. The agreement between SCPS and SSPS data (r(2) = 0.56 over all sites and depths) was much better than between sensor and penetrometer data (r(2) = 0.19-0.20). Maps of SCPS and SSPS data for a 13.5-ha field site showed very similar patterns. Maps of penetrometer data were also similar to those of on-the-go sensor data, but showed fewer spatial details. Variation in soil strength appeared to be primarily related to variations in soil physical properties (e.g., texture, water content). Due to the similarity between SCPS and SSPS data, we conclude that measurements obtained with the two on-the-go soil sensors were affected similarly by soil strength variations within the study sites. Side-by-side comparison of the on-the-go sensors provided a convenient approach to validate sensor performance. The study also provided information to improve on-the-go sensor design and to relate sensor data to other measures of soil compaction. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sudduth, Kenneth A.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Chung, Sun-Ok] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioind Machinery Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Andrade-Sanchez, Pedro] Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Upadhyaya, Shriniuasa K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agric Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Ken.Sudduth@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD APR PY 2008 VL 61 IS 1 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2006.11.006 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 272GP UT WOS:000253848200004 ER PT J AU Shanahan, JF Kitchen, NR Raun, WR Schepers, JS AF Shanahan, J. F. Kitchen, N. R. Raun, W. R. Schepers, J. S. TI Responsive in-season nitrogen management for cereals SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE nutrient management; remote sensing; geospatial technology; canopy sensors ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS; USE EFFICIENCY; CORN PRODUCTION; IRRIGATED CORN; WINTER-WHEAT; REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; NITRATE LOSSES; LEAF NITROGEN AB Current nitrogen (N) management strategies for worldwide cereal production systems are characterized by low N use efficiency (NUE), environmental contamination, and considerable ongoing debate regarding what can be done to improve N fertilizer management. Development of innovative strategies that improve NUE and minimize off-field losses is crucial to sustaining cereal-based farming. In this paper, we review the major managerial causes for low NUE, including (1) poor synchrony between fertilizer N and crop demand, (2) uniform field applications to spatially variable landscapes that commonly vary in crop N need, and (3) failure to account for temporally variable influences on crop N needs. Poor synchronization is mainly due to large pre-plant applications of fertilizer N, resulting in high levels of inorganic soil N long before rapid crop uptake occurs. Uniform applications within fields discount the fact that N supplies from the soil, crop N uptake, and crop response are spatially variable. Current N management decisions also overlook year-to-year weather variations and sometimes fail to account for soil N mineralized in warm, wet years, ignoring indigenous N supply. The key to optimizing tradeoffs amongst yield, profit, and environmental protection is to achieve synchrony between N supply and crop demand, while accounting for spatial and temporal variability in soil N. While some have advocated a soil-based management zones (MZ) approach as a means to direct variable N applications and improve NUE, this method disregards yearly variation in weather. Thus, it seems unlikely that the soil-based MZ concept alone will be adequate for variable application of crop N inputs. Alternatively, we propose utilizing emerging computer and electronic technologies that focus on the plant to assess N status and direct in-season spatially variable N applications. Several of these technologies are reviewed and discussed. One technology showing promise is ground-based active-light reflectance measurements converted to NDVI or other similar indices. Preliminary research shows this approach addresses the issue of spatial variability and is accomplished at a time within the growing season so that N inputs are synchronized to match crop N uptake. We suggest this approach may be improved by first delineating a field into MZ using soil or other field properties to modify the decision associated with ground-based reflectance sensing. While additional adaptive research is needed to refine these newer technologies and subsequent N management decisions, preliminary results are encouraging. We expect N use efficiency can be greatly enhanced using this plant-based responsive strategy for N management in cereals. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shanahan, J. F.; Schepers, J. S.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. [Kitchen, N. R.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Raun, W. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Shanahan, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 120 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE USA. EM John.Shanahan@ars.usda.gov RI Raun, William/A-3075-2017; OI Raun, William/0000-0002-1206-1105; Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 91 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD APR PY 2008 VL 61 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2007.06.006 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 272GP UT WOS:000253848200007 ER PT J AU Rong, XY Qi, DW He, GW Zhu, J Scott, T AF Rong, Xiaoying Qi, Dewei He, Guowei Zhu, JunYong Scott, Tim TI Single curved fiber sedimentation under gravity SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Mesoscopic Methods in Engineering and Science (ICMMES) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Hong Kong Polytechn Univ DE lattice Boltzmann simulation; fiber suspensions; curved fibers ID PARTICULATE SUSPENSIONS; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; DIRECT SIMULATION; POISEUILLE FLOWS; PARTICLES; DILUTE; FLUIDS; MOTION AB Dynamics of single curved fiber sedimentation under gravity are simulated by using the lattice Boltzmann method. The results of migration and rotation of the curved fiber at different Reynolds numbers are reported. The results show that the rotation and migration processes are sensitive to the curvature of the fiber. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rong, Xiaoying; Qi, Dewei] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Paper Engn Chem Engn & Imaging, Kalamazoo, MI 49009 USA. [Zhu, JunYong; Scott, Tim] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [He, Guowei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, LNM, Beijing 10080, Peoples R China. RP Qi, DW (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Paper Engn Chem Engn & Imaging, Kalamazoo, MI 49009 USA. EM dewei.qi@wmich.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1560 EP 1567 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2007.08.014 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 296KJ UT WOS:000255541600020 ER PT J AU Lepczyk, CA Flather, CH Radeloff, VC Pidgeon, AM Hammer, RB Liu, JG AF Lepczyk, Christopher A. Flather, Curtis H. Radeloff, Volker C. Pidgeon, Anna M. Hammer, Roger B. Liu, Jianguo TI Human impacts on regional avian diversity and abundance SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; birds; ecosystem stress; habitat loss; human-dominated landscapes; species-energy relationship ID SPECIES RICHNESS; POPULATION-SIZE; PROTECTED AREAS; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; DATA SET; BIODIVERSITY; BIRDS; CONSERVATION; SCALE AB Patterns of association between humans and biodiversity typically show positive, negative, or negative quadratic relationships and can be described by 3 hypotheses: biologically rich areas that support high human population densities co-occur with arc-as of high biodiversity (productivity); biodiversity decreases monotonically with increasing human activities (ecosystem stress); and biodiversity peaks at intermediate levels of human influence (intermediate disturbance). To test these hypothese, we compared anthropogenic land cover and housing units, as indices of human influence, with bird species richness and abundance across the Midwestern United States. We modeled richness of native birds with 12 candidate models of land cover and housing to evaluate the empirical evidence. To assess which species were responsible for observed variation in richness, we repeated our model-selection analysis with relative abundance of each native species as the response and then asked whether natural-history traits were associated with positive, negative, or mixed responses. Native avian richness was highest where anthropogenic land cover was lowest and housing units were intermediate based on model-averaged predictions among a confidence set of candidate models. Eighty-three of 132 species showed some pattern of association with our measures of human influence. Of these species approximately 40% were negatively associated, approximately 6% were positively associated, and approximately 7% showed evidence of an intermediate relationship with human influence measures, Natural-history traits were not closely related to the direction of the relationship between abundance and human influence. Nevertheless, pooling species that exhibited arty relationship) with human influence and comparing them with unrelated species indicated they were significantly smaller, nested closer to the ground, bad shorter incubation and fledging times, and tended to be altricial. Our results suport the ecosystent-stress hypothesis for the mejority of individual species and for overall species diversity when focusing on anthropogenic land cover. Nevertheless, the great variability in housing units across the land-cover gradient indicates that an intermediate-disturbance relationship is also supported. Our findings suggest preemptive conservation action should be taken, whereby areas with little anthropogenic land cover are given conservation priority. Nevertheless, conservation action should not be limited to pristine landscapes because our results showed that native avian richness and the relative abundance of many species peaked at intermediate housing densities and levels of anthropogenic land cover. C1 [Lepczyk, Christopher A.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Pidgeon, Anna M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lepczyk, Christopher A.; Liu, Jianguo] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hammer, Roger B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Rural Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lepczyk, CA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM lepczyk@hawaii.edu RI Liu, Jianguo/G-5211-2015; Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Liu, Jianguo/0000-0001-6344-0087; Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 56 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 58 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00881.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285SP UT WOS:000254796800023 PM 18294300 ER PT J AU Zhu, XG Long, SP Ort, DR AF Zhu, Xin-Guang Long, Stephen P. Ort, Donald R. TI What is the maximum efficiency with which photosynthesis can convert solar energy into biomass? SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ATP SYNTHASE; CROP YIELDS; PRODUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; CLIMATE; PLANTS; LIGHT; SIZE AB Photosynthesis is the source of our food and fiber. Increasing world population, economic development, and diminishing land resources forecast that a doubling of productivity is critical in meeting agricultural demand before the end of this century. A starting point for evaluating the global potential to meet this goal is establishing the maximum efficiency of photosynthetic solar energy conversion. The potential efficiency of each step of the photosynthetic process from light capture to carbohydrate synthesis is examined. This reveals the maximum conversion efficiency of solar energy to biomass is 4.6% for C3 photosynthesis at 30 degrees C and today's 380 ppm atmospheric [CO2], but 6% for C4 photosynthesis. This advantage over C3 will disappear as atmospheric [CO2] nears 700 ppm. C1 [Zhu, Xin-Guang; Long, Stephen P.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Long, Stephen P.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ort, Donald R.] ARS, USDA, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ort, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM d-ort@uiuc.edu NR 34 TC 305 Z9 327 U1 15 U2 183 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2008.02.004 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 302PX UT WOS:000255982100012 PM 18374559 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Tai, ES AF Ordovas, Jose M. Tai, E. Shyong TI Genetics and molecular biology SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tai, E. Shyong] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Mol Epidemiol, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Tai, E. Shyong] Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 0316, Singapore. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 281AS UT WOS:000254469100001 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Tai, ES AF Ordovas, Jose M. Tai, E. Shyong TI Why study gene-environment interactions? SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Review DE alcohol drinking; diet; exercise; gene-environment interaction; plasma lipids; smoking ID HEALTHY CAUCASIAN POPULATION; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; DIETARY-FAT INTAKE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; TRANSFER PROTEIN GENE; HEART-DISEASE RISK; BODY-MASS INDEX; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; APO-B-516C/T POLYMORPHISM AB Purpose of review We examine the reasons for investigating gene-environment interactions and address recent reports evaluating interactions between genes and environmental modulators in relation to cardiovascular disease and its common risk factors. Recent findings Studies focusing on smoking, physical activity, and alcohol and coffee consumption are observational and include relatively large sample sizes. They tend to examine single genes, however, and fail to address interactions with other genes and other correlated environmental factors. Studies examining gene-diet interactions include both observational and interventional designs. These studies are smaller, especially those including dietary interventions. Among the reported gene-diet interactions, it is important to highlight the strengthened position of APOA5 as a major gene that is involved in triglyceride metabolism and modulated by dietary factors, and the identification of APOA2 as a modulator of food intake and obesity risk. Summary The study of gene-environment interactions is an active and much needed area of research. Although technical barriers of genetic studies are rapidly being overcome, inclusion of comprehensive and reliable environmental information represents a significant shortcoming of genetics studies. Progress in this area requires inclusion of larger populations but also more comprehensive, standardized, and precise approaches to capturing environmental information. C1 [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tai, E. Shyong] Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Dept Med, Singapore 0316, Singapore. [Tai, E. Shyong] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Mol Epidemiol, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776, U01HL072524-04]; NIA NIH HHS [5P01AG023394-02]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK075030] NR 71 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 158 EP 167 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 281AS UT WOS:000254469100009 PM 18388696 ER PT J AU Neale, DB Ingvarsson, PK AF Neale, David B. Ingvarsson, Paer K. TI Population, quantitative and comparative genomics of adaptation in forest trees SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULA; PINUS-TAEDA L.; NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ASSOCIATION GENETICS; GROWTH CESSATION; CANDIDATE GENES; COLD-HARDINESS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR AB High-throughput DNA sequencing and genotyping technologies have enabled a new generation of research in plant genetics where combined quantitative and population genetic approaches can be used to better understand the relationship between naturally occurring genotypic and phenotypic diversity. Forest trees are highly amenable to such studies because of their combined undomesticated and partially domesticated state. Forest geneticists are using association genetics to dissect complex adaptive traits and discover the underlying genes. In parallel, they are using resequencing of candidate genes and modern population genetics methods to discover genes under natural selection. This combined approach is identifying the most important genes that determine patterns of complex trait adaptation observed in many tree populations. C1 [Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Neale, David B.] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ingvarsson, Paer K.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 6, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu; pelle@wallace.emg.umu.se RI Ingvarsson, Par/G-2748-2010 OI Ingvarsson, Par/0000-0001-9225-7521 NR 40 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 36 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.12.004 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 297NL UT WOS:000255623300009 PM 18262830 ER PT J AU Shippy, TD Ronshaugen, M Cande, J He, JP Beeman, RW Levine, M Brown, SJ Denell, RE AF Shippy, Teresa D. Ronshaugen, Matthew Cande, Jessica He, JianPing Beeman, Richard W. Levine, Michael Brown, Susan J. Denell, Robin E. TI Analysis of the Tribolium homeotic complex: insights into mechanisms constraining insect Hox clusters SO DEVELOPMENT GENES AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE tribolium; homeotic; Hox cluster; tiling; insect ID DROSOPHILA BITHORAX COMPLEX; RED FLOUR BEETLE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NONCODING RNAS; ABDOMINAL-A; ANTENNAPEDIA COMPLEX; EXPRESSION PATTERN; EVOLUTION; CASTANEUM AB The remarkable conservation of Hox clusters is an accepted but little understood principle of biology. Some organizational constraints have been identified for vertebrate Hox clusters, but most of these are thought to be recent innovations that may not apply to other organisms. Ironically, many model organisms have disrupted Hox clusters and may not be well-suited for studies of structural constraints. In contrast, the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, which has a long history in Hox gene research, is thought to have a more ancestral-type Hox cluster organization. Here, we demonstrate that the Tribolium homeotic complex (HOMC) is indeed intact, with the individual Hox genes in the expected colinear arrangement and transcribed from the same strand. There is no evidence that the cluster has been invaded by non-Hox protein-coding genes, although expressed sequence tag and genome tiling data suggest that noncoding transcripts are prevalent. Finally, our analysis of several mutations affecting the Tribolium HOMC suggests that intermingling of enhancer elements with neighboring transcription units may constrain the structure of at least one region of the Tribolium cluster. This work lays a foundation for future studies of the Tribolium HOMC that may provide insights into the reasons for Hox cluster conservation. C1 [Shippy, Teresa D.; He, JianPing; Brown, Susan J.; Denell, Robin E.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ronshaugen, Matthew; Cande, Jessica; Levine, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Ctr Integrat Genom, Div Genet Genom & Dev, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beeman, Richard W.] USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Shippy, TD (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM tshippy@ksu.edu OI Ronshaugen, Matthew/0000-0001-5326-5924 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD29594, R01 HD029594, R01 HD029594-16]; NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM072395, GM72395, R01 GM034431, GM3443] NR 73 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-944X J9 DEV GENES EVOL JI Dev. Genes Evol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 218 IS 3-4 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s00427-008-0213-4 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology GA 285JJ UT WOS:000254772800003 PM 18392875 ER PT J AU Lai, CQ Tucker, KL Parnell, LD Adiconis, M Garcia-Bailo, B Griffith, J Meydani, M Ordovas, JM AF Lai, Chao-Qiang Tucker, Katherine L. Parnell, Laurence D. Adiconis, Man Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana Griffith, John Meydani, Mohsen Ordovas, Jose M. TI PPARGC1A variation associated with DNA damage, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases - The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID GAMMA COACTIVATOR-1 PGC-1; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PGC-1-ALPHA GENE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; TYPE-2; MELLITUS; INSULIN; POLYMORPHISMS; COMPLICATIONS; MITOCHONDRIA AB OBJECTIVE - Individuals with type 2 diabetes exhibit higher DNA damage and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, mechanisms underlying the association between DNA damage and development of type 2 diabetes and CVD are not understood. We sought to link peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PPARGC1A), a master transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cellular energy metabolism, with DNA damage, type 2 diabetes, and CVD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We measured DNA damage as urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration and examined the relationship between nine PPARGC1A genetic variants, DNA damage, type 2 diabetes, and self-reported CVD in 959 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. RESULTS - With respect to urinary 8-OHdG, PPARGC1A variants showed significant association, and PPARGC1A haplotypes exhibited significant association after correction for multiple testing. Two independent PPARGC1A variants associated significantly with type 2 diabetes (odds ratios [ORs] 1.35 and 2.46; P = 0.045 and <0.001). Carriers of minor alleles of two other PPARGC1A variants, both in strong linkage disequilibrium and associated with lower DNA damage, showed lower prevalence of CVD (ORs 0.53 and 0.65; P = 0.030 and 0.175). Moreover, we found that physical activity correlated negatively with DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS - It is plausible that low physical activity combined with risk haplotyes contribute to the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in this population. We propose that PPARGC1A influences development of type 2 diabetes and CVD via DNA damage : Increasing physical activity, which induces PPARGC1A expression, is a potential strategy to slow DNA damage, thereby decreasing the risk of CVD for individuals with type 2 diabetes. C1 [Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Adiconis, Man; Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Nutr & Gen Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Griffith, John] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Biostat Res Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Nutr & Gen Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chaoqiang.lai@ars.usda.gov RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776, R01 HL054776]; NIA NIH HHS [5P01-AG-023394-02, P01 AG023394, P01 AG023394-05] NR 50 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD APR PY 2008 VL 57 IS 4 BP 809 EP 816 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 282UC UT WOS:000254591700004 PM 18162502 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH AF Ziska, Lewis H. TI Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and plant biology: The overlooked paradigm SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID RAGWEED AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA; ELEVATED CO2; COMMON RAGWEED; INCREASING CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; YIELD LOSS; C-4 WEED; GROWTH; RESPONSES C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 19 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1089/dna.2007.0726 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 299VZ UT WOS:000255784500001 PM 18318648 ER PT J AU Van, K Kim, DH Cai, CM Kim, MY Shin, JH Graham, MA Shoemaker, RC Choi, BS Yang, TJ Lee, SH AF Van, Kyujung Kim, Dong Hyun Cai, Chun Mei Kim, Moon Young Shin, Jin Hee Graham, Michelle A. Shoemaker, Randy C. Choi, Beom-Soon Yang, Tae-Jin Lee, Suk-Ha TI Sequence level analysis of recently duplicated regions in soybean [Glycine max (L.) merr.] genome SO DNA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BAC; divergence time; duplication; K-S; rxp; soybean ID BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; EVOLUTION; ARABIDOPSIS; LOCUS; PALEOPOLYPLOIDY; ORGANIZATION; LEGUMES AB A single recessive gene, rxp, on linkage group (LG) D2 controls bacterial leaf-pustule resistance in soybean. We identified two homoeologous contigs (GmA and GmA') composed of five bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) during the selection of BAC clones around RXp region. With the recombinant inbred line population from the cross of Pureunkong and jinpumkong 2, single-nucleotide polymorphism and simple sequence repeat marker genotyping were able to locate GmA! on LG A1. On the basis of information in the Soybean Breeders Toolbox and our results, parts of LG A1 and LG D2 share duplicated regions. Alignment and annotation revealed that many homoeologous regions contained kinases and proteins related to signal transduction pathway. Interestingly, inserted sequences from GmA and GmA! had homology with transposase and integrase. Estimation of evolutionary events revealed that speciation of soybean from Medicago and the recent divergence of two soybean homoeologous regions occurred at 60 and 12 million years ago, respectively. Distribution of synonymous substitution patterns, K,, yielded a first secondary peak (mode K-S = 0.10-0.15) followed by two smaller bulges were displayed between soybean homologous regions. Thus, diploidized paleopolyploidy of soybean genome was again supported by our study. C1 [Van, Kyujung; Kim, Dong Hyun; Kim, Moon Young; Shin, Jin Hee; Yang, Tae-Jin; Lee, Suk-Ha] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Cai, Chun Mei] Natl Inst Crop Sci, Suwon 441857, South Korea. [Kim, Moon Young; Lee, Suk-Ha] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Graham, Michelle A.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Choi, Beom-Soon] Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Instrumentat Ctr Environm Management, Seoul 151921, South Korea. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Plant Sci, San 56-1,Sillim Dong, Seoul 151921, South Korea. EM sukhalee@snu.ac.kr NR 62 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1340-2838 J9 DNA RES JI DNA Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1093/dnares/dsn001 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 309WC UT WOS:000256489900004 PM 18334514 ER PT J AU Gundale, MJ Sutherland, S DeLuca, TH AF Gundale, Michael J. Sutherland, Steve DeLuca, Thomas H. TI Fire, native species, and soil resource interactions influence the spatio-temporal invasion pattern of Bromus tectorum SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; NUTRIENT RELEASE; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; PRESCRIBED FIRE; PLANT INVASION; NORTH-AMERICA; LEAF-LITTER; ECOSYSTEM AB Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) is an invasive annual that occupies perennial grass and shrub communities throughout the western United States. Bronus tectorum exhibits an intriguing spatio-temporal pattern of invasion in low elevation ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa/bunchgrass communities in western Montana where it forms dense rings beneath solitary pines following fire. This pattern provides a unique opportunity to investigate several indirect effects of native vegetation that influence the invasion pattern of B. tectorum, and specifically how native species, disturbance, and soil resources interact to influence the spatio-temporal pattern of invasion. We established four replicate field sites, each containing burned-tree, burned-grass, unburned-tree, and unburned-grass sampling locations, and initiated a series of field sampling and greenhouse experiments utilizing these locations. The objective of our first greenhouse experiment was to identify whether belowground factors contributed to the pattern of B. tectorum biomass observed in these field locations. This experiment generated a B. tectorum biomass response that was nearly identical to the invasion pattern observed in the field, suggesting further investigation of belowground factors was necessary. We measured resin-sorbed NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) during one generation of B. tectorum, and measured a suite of P fractions through a sequential extraction procedure from these soils. These data revealed that a resource island of high N and P exists beneath pine trees. Through a second greenhouse experiment, we determined that N limited B. tectorum biomass in tree soil, whereas P limited biomass in bunchgrass soil. Finally, through a germination experiment we determined that pine litter strongly inhibited B. tectorum germination. These data suggest B. tectorum is regulated by P in bunchgrass soil, and by N and inhibition by pine litter beneath trees, effects that are likely alleviated by fire. These data demonstrate the combined role of direct and indirect interactions between native and invasive species in regulating biological invasions. C1 [Gundale, Michael J.; DeLuca, Thomas H.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Sutherland, Steve] USDA, Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Gundale, MJ (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM Michael.Gundale@svek.slu.se RI DeLuca, Thomas/B-4547-2012; Gundale, Michael /O-1265-2013 OI Gundale, Michael /0000-0003-2447-609X NR 68 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.5303.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281LN UT WOS:000254499200005 ER PT J AU Duval, BD Whitford, WG AF Duval, B. D. Whitford, W. G. TI Resource regulation by a twig-girdling beetle has implications for desertification SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan Desert; landscape conversion; Oncideres rhodosticta; plant -herbivore interactions; Prosopis glandulosa ID GLANDULOSA VAR GLANDULOSA; GROWTH; GRASSLAND; SURVIVAL; HISTORY; PLANTS; TEXAS AB 1. Resource regulation by insects is the phenomenon by which herbivory enhances resources for the progeny of the herbivore. This report provides an example of resource regulation with implications for desertification in the Chihuahuan Desert of North America. 2. Female Oncideres rhodosticta beetles chew girdles around mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) stems before ovipositing in those stems. The mesquite plants respond by producing compensatory stems below the girdle. Mesquite volume was significantly correlated with the total number of beetle girdles across a suite of low shrub density grassland and high shrub density dune sites, and plants in dune sites had more old and new girdles than mesquite in grasslands. 3. Smaller, younger shrubs in grassland responded more vigorously to girdling than did larger, older shrubs in dune landscapes. Stems on shrubs within grassland produced significantly more and longer compensatory stems per girdle than stems on shrubs in dunes. Soil capture by individual plants positively correlated with stem density, and stem density is increasing in the younger plants as a response to beetle damage. 4. This study suggests that the interaction between O. rhodosticta and mesquite is an example of resource regulation that increases the stem density and soil capture ability of mesquite. Because the conversion of productive grasslands to mesquite dune landscapes is one of the most important drivers of desertification in the Chihuahuan Desert, feedbacks between organisms that promote an increase in the size and soil capture ability of mesquite may exacerbate desertification. C1 [Duval, B. D.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Duval, B. D.; Whitford, W. G.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Whitford, W. G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Duval, BD (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM benjamin.duval@nau.edu NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00928.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 270GU UT WOS:000253710000001 ER PT J AU Stohigren, TJ Barnett, DT Jarnevich, CS Flather, C Kartesz, J AF Stohigren, Thomas J. Barnett, David T. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Flather, Curtis Kartesz, John TI The myth of plant species saturation SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biotic resistance; competitive exclusion; habitat heterogeneity; invasion; plant diversity; saturation; species richness ID NORTH-AMERICAN FLORAS; UNITED-STATES; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; ABIOTIC GRADIENTS; EXTINCTION DEBT; LOCAL DIVERSITY; ALIEN PLANTS; INVASIONS; RICHNESS; PATTERNS AB Plant species assemblages, communities or regional floras might be termed 'saturated' when additional immigrant species are unsuccessful at establishing due to competitive exclusion or other inter-specific interactions, or when the immigration of species is off-set by extirpation of species. This is clearly not the case for state, regional or national floras in the USA where colonization (i.e. invasion by exotic species) exceeds extirpation by roughly a 24 to 1 margin. We report an alarming temporal trend in plant invasions in the Pacific Northwest over the past 100 years whereby counties highest in native species richness appear increasingly invaded over time. Despite the possibility of some increased awareness and reporting of native and exotic plant species in recent decades, historical records show a significant, consistent long-term increase in exotic species (number and frequency) at county, state and regional scales in the Pacific Northwest. Here, as in other regions of the country, colonization rates by exotic species are high and extirpation rates are negligible. The rates of species accumulation in space in multi-scale vegetation plots may provide some clues to the mechanisms of the invasion process from local to national scales. C1 [Barnett, David T.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Flather, Curtis] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Kartesz, John] Biota N Amer Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. RP Stohigren, TJ (reprint author), Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 43 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 33 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01153.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283HT UT WOS:000254628000001 PM 18248448 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Flather, C Jarnevich, CS Barnett, DT Kartesz, J AF Stohlgren, Thomas J. Flather, Curtis Jarnevich, Catherine S. Barnett, David T. Kartesz, John TI Rejoinder to Harrison (2008): The myth of plant species saturation SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Jarnevich, Catherine S.] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Flather, Curtis] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Barnett, David T.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kartesz, John] Biota N Amer Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 324 EP 326 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01161.x PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283HT UT WOS:000254628000003 ER PT J AU Smith, RG Gross, KL Robertson, GP AF Smith, Richard G. Gross, Katherine L. Robertson, G. Philip TI Effects of crop diversity on agroecosystem function: Crop yield response SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biofuels; cover crops; cropping systems; crop rotation; ecosystem function; legumes; long-term ecological research (LTER); nitrogen-fixing legumes; species richness; sustainable agriculture; weeds ID CONVENTIONAL FARMING SYSTEMS; WEED MANAGEMENT; GRAIN PRODUCTION; GREAT-PLAINS; NITROGEN; ROTATION; CORN; BIODIVERSITY; SOIL; WHEAT AB Understanding the role of diversity in the functioning of ecosystems has important implications for agriculture. Previous agricultural research has shown that crop rotation and the use of cover crops can lead to increases in yield relative to monoculture; however, few studies have been performed within the broader context of diversity-ecosystem function theory and in the absence of chemical inputs. We performed a field experiment in SW Michigan, USA, in which we manipulated the number of crop species grown in rotation and as winter cover crops over a 3-year period to test if varying the number of species in a rotation affected grain yield, a critical metric of ecosystem function in row-crops. The experimental design was unique in that no fertilizer or pesticides were used, and the only management variable manipulated was number of species in the rotation, thus providing a strong comparison to grassland diversity-ecosystem function experiments. Treatments included continuous monocultures of three row-crops, corn Zea mays L., soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr., and winter wheat Triticum aestivum L., and 2- and 3-year annual rotations with and without cover crops (zero, one, or two legume/small grain species), encompassing a range of crop diversity from one to six species. Crop yields and weed biomass were measured annually for 3 years and plant available soil nitrogen was measured over the course of the growing season in the final year of the study. In all 3 years, corn grain yield increased linearly in response to the number of crops in the rotation. Corn yields in the highest diversity treatment (three crops, plus three cover crops) were over 100% higher than in continuous monoculture and were not significantly different from the county average for each of the 3 years despite the absence of chemical inputs. Corn yields in the diversity treatments were strongly correlated with the availability of inorganic soil nitrogen, which was likely influenced by the number of different legume species (crops and cover crops) present in the rotation. In soybean and winter wheat, yield differences among crop diversity treatments were also significant, but of lower magnitude (32 and 53%, respectively), and showed little direct relationship to the number of crop species grown in a rotation. Results demonstrate that agricultural research motivated by ecological theory can provide important insights into the functioning of agroecosystems and enhance our understating of the linkages between diversity and ecosystem function. Importantly, these results suggest that reduced chemical inputs do not necessarily result in yield penalties and provide support for incorporation of crop or species diversity when determining how ecosystem services can be included in food, fiber, and biofuel production. C1 [Smith, Richard G.; Gross, Katherine L.; Robertson, G. Philip] Michigan State Univ, Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Smith, Richard G.; Gross, Katherine L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Smith, Richard G.] USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Robertson, G. Philip] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. RP Smith, RG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, 3700 E Gull Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. EM rsmith@pw.usda.gov OI Robertson, G/0000-0001-9771-9895 NR 50 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 11 U2 101 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP 355 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9124-5 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296IT UT WOS:000255537400001 ER PT J AU Blum, M Dolnikowski, G Seyoum, E Harris, SS Booth, SL Peterson, J Saltzman, E Dawson-Hughes, B AF Blum, Miriam Dolnikowski, Gregory Seyoum, Elias Harris, Susan S. Booth, Sarah L. Peterson, James Saltzman, Edward Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Vitamin D-3 in fat tissue SO ENDOCRINE LA English DT Article DE vitamin D-3; fat tissue; serum; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; obesity ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BODY-FAT; OBESITY; STORAGE; DIET; RAT AB The literature describing vitamin D content of fat tissue is extremely limited. We conducted a pilot study that measured the concentrations of vitamin D-3 in the fat tissue and serum of obese adults. These measurements were performed using a new liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method. The objectives of this study were: to measure and report the vitamin D-3 concentration in serum and subcutaneous fat samples from obese individuals and to examine the association of vitamin D-3 in fat with vitamin D-3 in serum. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 17 obese men and women who were scheduled to undergo gastric bypass surgery. The mean vitamin D-3 concentration in subjects' subcutaneous fat tissue samples was 102.8 +/- 42.0 nmol/kg. The mean vitamin D-3 concentration in serum was 7.78 +.- 3.99 nmol/l. Vitamin D-3 concentrations of fat tissue and serum were positively correlated (r = 0.68, P = 0.003). Consistent with previous findings in obese subjects, subjects in this study had suboptimal vitamin D status as demonstrated by a mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of 43.3 +/- 15.4 nmol/l. In conclusion, fat tissue vitamin D-3 can be measured by LC/MS and is detectable in obese subjects with suboptimal vitamin D status. Compatible with the long-standing concept that fat tissue is a storage site for vitamin D, fat tissue and serum vitamin D-3 concentrations were positively correlated. C1 [Blum, Miriam; Dolnikowski, Gregory; Seyoum, Elias; Harris, Susan S.; Booth, Sarah L.; Peterson, James; Saltzman, Edward; Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [K23 AR047869, K23 AR047869-01, K23 AR47869] NR 17 TC 158 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 15 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0969-711X J9 ENDOCRINE JI Endocrine PD APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s12020-008-9051-4 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 296IX UT WOS:000255537800011 PM 18338271 ER PT J AU Patt, JM Pfannenstiel, RS AF Patt, Joseph M. Pfannenstiel, Robert S. TI Odor-based recognition of nectar in cursorial spiders SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE foraging; nectarivory; learning; olfaction; chemosensory; signals; local search; plant defense; biological control; Hibana futilis; Araneae; Anyphaenidae ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; ARANEOPHAGIC JUMPING SPIDER; EXTRAFLORAL NECTAR; FOOD; SALTICIDAE; ARANEAE; HOST; PREY; BRACONIDAE; THOMISIDAE AB Carnivorous arthropods are known to rely on non-prey foods, such as honeydew, pollen, and nectar. Consumption of plant-based nutrients by spiders also appears to be widespread, especially in cursorial species. This is not surprising, as studies have shown that these spiders' activity levels, survivorship, and reproduction are increased when their diet includes plant-based nutrients, especially under conditions of prey scarcity. However, the sensory and behavioral means by which they recognize and locate non-prey food is unknown. Here we show that immatures of a nectarivorous spider [Hibana futilis Banks (Araneae: Anyphaenidae)] can recognize and remember particular chemical stimuli associated with nectar. Following ingestion of minute amounts of sugar, these spiders exhibited counterturning and other local searching behaviors that increased their chances of finding more nectar. When placed on test arenas, spiders that were naive with respect to nectar aroma located artificial nectaries composed of diluted honey significantly faster than unscented nectaries composed of 1 M sucrose solution. These results indicate that H. futilis is neurophysiologically and behaviorally adapted for recognizing olfactory stimuli. Interestingly, only spiders that ingested sugar and were engaged in local search responded to nectar aroma, suggesting that stimulation into local search is necessary to prime olfactory responses. We found that H. futilis could be conditioned to associate the presence of nectar with a novel aroma, in this case vanilla, and remember this aroma over the course of several hours. In arenas with vanilla-scented nectaries, spiders that had previous experience feeding on vanilla-scented sucrose droplets located the nectaries significantly faster than did vanilla-naive spiders. The capacity to remember specific aromas could enhance the spiders' ability to find nectar, either when moving between different parts of the same plant or among different plant species. The results here indicate that nectarivorous spiders possess the sensory capabilities and programed behaviors necessary for efficient detection, recognition, and location of nectar sources. C1 [Patt, Joseph M.; Pfannenstiel, Robert S.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Patt, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM joseph.patt@ars.usda.gov RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 127 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00669.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 274CD UT WOS:000253978500008 ER PT J AU Hebertson, EG Jenkins, MJ AF Hebertson, Elizabeth G. Jenkins, Michael J. TI Climate factors associated with historic spruce beetle (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) outbreaks in Utah and Colorado SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spruce beetle; climate; Engelmann spruce; disturbance ecology; classification and regression tree analysis ID UNITED-STATES; SCOLYTIDAE; MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE; DROUGHT; FOREST; TREE; ALASKA; ATTACK; MODEL AB This study investigated relationships between climate and historic spruce beetle, Dendroctonits rufipennis Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), outbreaks in northern and southeastern Utah and western Colorado between 1905 and 1996. A chronology of outbreak years was constructed from historic records, research papers, newspapers, and other sources of information. Historic climate data for the region included annual and mean monthly temperature and precipitation, in addition to Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) values estimated from tree rings. Classification and regression tree analysis (CART) was used to identify those climate factors most important for predicting historic spruce beetle outbreaks. The factors identified by the best CART model included mean December temperature, mean September temperature 1 yr before outbreak years, the mean estimated PDSI value of the 5-yr period before outbreak years, and mean October precipitation. The resulting model correctly classified nonoutbreak and outbreak years 67 and 70% of the time, respectively. C1 [Hebertson, Elizabeth G.] Forest Hlth Protect Ogden Field Off, USDA Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. [Jenkins, Michael J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hebertson, EG (reprint author), Forest Hlth Protect Ogden Field Off, USDA Forest Serv, 4746 S 1900 E, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. EM lghebertson@fs.fed.us NR 100 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[281:CFAWHS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400001 PM 18419898 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Stolz, U Miller, NJ Waits, ER Guillemaud, T Sumerford, DV Sappington, TW AF Kim, Kyung Seok Stolz, Uwe Miller, Nicholas J. Waits, Eric R. Guillemaud, Thomas Sumerford, Douglas V. Sappington, Thomas W. TI A core set of microsatellite markers for western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) population genetics studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica; western corn rootworm; microsatellites; population genetics; DNA markers ID EWENS SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA; CROP-ROTATION; LOCI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INSECTICIDES; NEUTRALITY; DIVERSITY; RESISTANT AB Interest in the ecological and population genetics of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, has grown rapidly in the last few years in North America and Europe. This interest is a result of a number of converging issues related to the increasing difficulty in managing this pest and the need to characterize and understand gene flow in the context of insect resistance management. One of the key components needed for successful population genetics studies is the availability of suitable molecular markers. Using a standard group of microsatellite markers enables researchers from different laboratories to directly compare and share their data, reducing duplication of effort and facilitating collaborative work among laboratories. We screened 22 candidate microsatellite loci against five criteria to create a core set of microsatellite markers for D. v. virgifera population genetics studies. The criteria for inclusion were moderate to high polymorphism, unambiguous readability and repeatability, no evidence of null alleles, apparent selective neutrality, and no linkage between loci. Based on our results, we recommend six microsatellite markers to be included as a core set in future population genetics studies of D. v. virgifera along with any other microsatellite or genetic markers. As more microsatellites are developed,. those meeting the criteria can be added to the core set. We encourage other groups of researchers with common interests in a particular insect species to develop their own core sets of markers for population genetics applications. C1 [Kim, Kyung Seok; Miller, Nicholas J.; Sumerford, Douglas V.; Sappington, Thomas W.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stolz, Uwe; Waits, Eric R.] US EPA, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Miller, Nicholas J.; Guillemaud, Thomas] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, INRA, UMR ROSE 1112, Equipe Biol Populat & Interact, Sophia Antipolis, France. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Tom.Sappington@ars.usda.gov RI Miller, Nicholas/I-4119-2012; guillemaud, thomas/B-4899-2012 OI Miller, Nicholas/0000-0001-9827-8286; guillemaud, thomas/0000-0003-0451-1644 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[293:ACSOMM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400002 PM 18419899 ER PT J AU Phoofolo, MW Giles, KL Elliott, NC AF Phoofolo, Mpho W. Giles, Kristopher L. Elliott, Norman C. TI Larval life history responses to food deprivation in three species of predatory lady beetles (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food deprivation; life history traits; Coleomegilla maculata; Hippodamia convergens; Harmonia axyridis ID HIPPODAMIA-CONVERGENS COLEOPTERA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; STARVATION RESISTANCE; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; STRESS RESISTANCE; APHID; PREY; LIMITATION; POPULATIONS; CONSUMPTION AB We studied life history responses of larvae of three coccinellid species, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), when deprived of food for different periods of time during the fourth stadium. The coccinellid species did not differ in starvation resistance when larvae were starved throughout the stadium; however, for larvae fed only on day 1 of the stadium, H. convergens had the highest starvation resistance, followed by H. axyridis and then C. maculata. Percentage weight loss of larvae was affected by food deprivation period and coccinellid species. Both C. maculata and H. axyridis lost significantly more weight than H. convergens when starved throughout the fourth stadium. When deprived of food for 4 d of the stadium, C. maculata lost a higher percentage of initial body weight than H. axyridis. Percentage weight loss of H. convergens did not differ from that of C. maculata or H. axyridis. The weight of fourth instars and adults declined in an accelerating pattern as food deprivation period increased. However, food deprivation period bad no significant effect on pupal development time for any of the three species or on larval development time for C. maculata and H. convergens. The increase in H. axyridis larval development time as a result of. an increase in food deprivation period was curvilinear. Based on this laboratory study, it would seem that H. convergens is better able to cope with acute nutritional stress than either C. maculata or H. axyridis. C1 [Phoofolo, Mpho W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Phoofolo, Mpho W.; Giles, Kristopher L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Elliott, Norman C.] USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Phoofolo, MW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM mpho.phoofolo@okstate.edu NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[315:LLHRTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400005 PM 18419902 ER PT J AU Chong, JH Roda, AL Mannion, CM AF Chong, Juang-Horng Roda, Amy L. Mannion, Catharine M. TI Life history of the mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae), at constant temperatures SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE life table analysis; developmental thresholds; survivorship; reproduction; distribution ID DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; HIBISCUS MEALYBUG; ANAGYRUS-KAMALI; GREEN; HYMENOPTERA; CALIFORNIA; ENCYRTIDAE; HOMOPTERA; SURVIVAL; CITRUS AB Important life history parameters of the mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), were characterized on hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) cuttings at six constant temperatures between 15 and 35 degrees C. The development of M. hirsutus was the fastest at 27 degrees C, where the mealybugs completed development in approximate to 29 d. The lower (T(min)) and upper (T(max)) developmental thresholds and the optimal developmental temperature (T(opt)) for the development of female mealybugs were estimated as 14.5, 35, and 29 degrees C, respectively. The thermal constant (K), which is the number of temperature-day or degree-day units required for development, of the-females was 347 DD. The original distribution range prediction (based on T(min) = 17.5 degrees C and K = 300 DD) indicated that M. hirsutus could complete at least one generation in all of the continental United States. However, results of this study suggested that the distribution range of M. hirsutus may expand northward because of the lower T(min), and the predicted number of generations in a year may be lower because of the higher K required to complete each generation. The average cumulative survival rate of M. hirsutus at 25 and 27 degrees C was 72%, which was significantly higher than 51 and 62% at 20 and 30 degrees C, respectively. M. hirsutus reproduced sexually, with each mated female producing 260-300 eggs between 20 and 27 degrees C but only approximate to 100 eggs at 30 degrees C. Female longevity was reduced from 28 d it 20 degrees C to 19-21 d at 25-30 degrees C. At 27 degrees C, the net reproductive rate (R(o)) was estimated at 165 female/female, the intrinsic rate of population increase (r(m)) was 0.119 (female/female/d), the generation time (T(G)) was 43 d, and the doubling time (DT) was 5.8 d. The life table statistics suggested that the currently released biological control agents, which have higher r(m), than M. hirsutus, will be able to complete more generations than the mealybug within the tested temperature range; thus, they are effective against M. hirsutus. C1 [Chong, Juang-Horng] Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. [Mannion, Catharine M.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Roda, Amy L.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Chong, JH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC 29506 USA. EM juanghc@clemson.edu NR 33 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[323:LHOTMM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400006 PM 18419903 ER PT J AU Crook, DJ Khrimian, A Francese, JA Fraser, I Poland, TM Sawyer, AJ Mastro, VC AF Crook, Damon J. Khrimian, Ashot Francese, Joseph A. Fraser, Ivich Poland, Therese M. Sawyer, Alan J. Mastro, Victor C. TI Development of a host-based semiochemical lure for trapping emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera : Buprestidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Buprestidae; bark volatiles; 7-epi-sesquithujene; Manuka oil; Phoebe oil ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; 2-LINED CHESTNUT BORER; SCOLYTUS-MULTISTRIATUS; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; ALPHA-COPAENE; BARK BEETLE; VOLATILES; ATTRACTION; BILINEATUS; CARYOPHYLLENE AB Bark volatiles from green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica were tested forelectrophysiological activity by Agrilus planipennis using gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and for behavioral activity using baited purple traps in Michigan. GC-EAD analysis of the headspace volatiles of bark tissue samples from 0- and 24-h-old fully girdled (stressed) ash trees showed that the latter had elevated sesquiterpene levels. Six of the elevated compounds consistently elicited antennal responses by both male and female A. planipennis. Five of the antennally active compounds were identified as alpha-cubebene, alpha-copaene, 7-epi-sesquithujene, trans-beta-caryophyllene, and a-humulene (alpha-caryophyllene). The sixth EAD-active compound remains unidentified. We monitored capture of adult A. planipennis on traps baited with several combinations of ash tree volatiles. Treatments included two natural oil distillates (Manuka and Phoebe oil) that were found to contain, respectively, high concentrations of four and five of the six antennally active ash bark volatiles. A four-component leaf lure developed by the USDA Forest Service and Canadian Forest Service was also tested. In three separate field studies., Manuka oil-baited traps caught significantly more adult beetles than unbaited traps. Lures designed to release 5, 50, and 500 mg of Manuka oil per day all caught more insects than unbaited traps. In a field test comparing and combining Phoebe oil with Manuka oil, Phoebe oil-baited traps caught significantly more beetles than either Manuka oil-baited traps or unbaited traps. We hypothesize that the improved attractancy of Phoebe oil to A. planipennis over Manuka oil is caused by the presence of the antennally active sesquiterpene, 7-epi-sesquithujene. C1 [Khrimian, Ashot] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fraser, Ivich] USDA APHIS PPQ, Emerald Ash Borer Project, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM Damon.J.Crook@aphis.usda.gov NR 53 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 30 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 356 EP 365 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[356:DOAHSL]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400010 PM 18419907 ER PT J AU Hoelmer, KA Simmons, AM AF Hoelmer, Kim A. Simmons, Alvin M. TI Yellow sticky trap catches of parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) in vegetable crops and their relationship to in-field populations SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci biotype B; sweetpotato whitefly; biological control; Eretmocerus spp.; Encarsia spp. ID ERETMOCERUS-EREMICUS HYMENOPTERA; COASTAL SOUTH-CAROLINA; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; GENNADIUS HOMOPTERA; WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; APHELINIDAE; DISPERSAL; COLEOPTERA; PREDATORS AB We examined the relationship of yellow sticky trap captures of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B parasitoids to the local population of parasitoids as measured by leaf samples of parasitized whiteflies and mass release of parasitoids. Traps were placed in experimental collard and cowpea field plots in Charleston, SC, and in commercial organic fields of spring cantaloupe and watermelon in the Imperial Valley, CA. The exotic parasitoid Eretmocerus emiratus Zolnerowich and Rose was released in Imperial Valley fields to ensure parasitoid populations would be present. Bemisia adults were trapped in the greatest numbers on the upper surface of horizontally oriented sticky traps in melon fields. In contrast, the lower trap surfaces consistently captured more Eretmocerus than upper surfaces. Female parasitoids were trapped in greater numbers than males, especially on the lower trap surfaces. Progeny of released exotic Eretmocerus greatly outnumbered native E. eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich and Encarsia spp. on traps. Throughout the season, the trend of increasing numbers of Eretmocerus on traps parallelled the increase in numbers of whiteflies. Over the season, 23-84% of all B. tabaci fourth instars were visibly parasitized by Eretmocerus. The numbers of Eretmocerus caught by traps in cantaloupe were similar in trend to numbers on leaf samples in melons, but not with those in watermelon, where whitefly populations were lower. Parasitoid numbers were low in collard and cowpea samples, and no trend, was observed in numbers of parasitoids captured on traps and numbers on leaves for these two crops. Overall, there were no significant correlations between sticky trap catches of parasitoids and numbers of parasitized whiteflies on leaf samples in any test fields. Nevertheless, sticky traps placed within crops may be useful for observing trends in whitefly parasitoid populations at a particular site and for detecting parasitoids at specific locations. C1 [Hoelmer, Kim A.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduct Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Simmons, Alvin M.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Hoelmer, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduct Res Unit, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM kim.hoelmer@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[391:YSTCOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400014 PM 18419911 ER PT J AU Husseneder, C Powell, JE Grace, JK Vargo, EL Matsuura, K AF Husseneder, Claudia Powell, Janine E. Grace, J. Kenneth Vargo, Edward L. Matsuura, Kenji TI Worker size in the Formosan subterranean termite in relation to colony breeding structure as inferred from molecular markers SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microsatellite genotyping; morphometry; breeding system; Isoptera; Rhinotermitidae ID POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; NEW-ORLEANS; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; ARMSTRONG-PARK; RHINOTERMITIDAE; ISOPTERA; LOUISIANA; SEX AB The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is an invasive species that originated in China and has been introduced to Hawaii and the U.S. mainland. Colonies are headed either by a pair of reproductives (simple families) or by varying numbers of inbreeding reproductives (extended families), and therefore have variable degrees of inbreeding. Worker size also varies among colonies of Formosan termites. We tested whether variation in worker size can be explained by the breeding system. Workers were collected from colonies from three geographically separated populations (China, Hawaii, and Louisiana), and body weight and head size were measured. Microsatellite genotyping was used to establish whether colonies were simple or extended families and to determine the heterozygosity of workers and their degree of inbreeding relative to their colony (F-IC, sensitive to the number of reproductives). All Chinese colonies contained multiple inbreeding neotenics. In Hawaii, 37% of the colonies were simple families and 63% were extended families, both having considerable degrees of inbreeding. In Louisiana, 57% of the colonies were simple families, which were mostly headed by unrelated pairs, and 43% were extended families. In simple families, size and body weight of workers were not associated with F-IC or heterozygosity. In extended families of two populations, both size parameters were negatively correlated with F-IC; however, heterozygosity was not associated with worker size in any of the populations. This suggests that the number of reproductives within colonies has a stronger influence on worker size than the individuals' genetic diversity in Formosan subterranean termite colonies. C1 [Husseneder, Claudia] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Powell, Janine E.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Grace, J. Kenneth] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Vargo, Edward L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Matsuura, Kenji] Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Lab Insect Ecol, Okayama 7008530, Japan. RP Husseneder, C (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM chusseneder@ageenter.lsu.edu RI Matsuura, Kenji/B-1573-2011; Vargo, Edward/D-1097-2010; OI Vargo, Edward/0000-0002-8712-1248; Matsuura, Kenji/0000-0002-9099-6694 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 400 EP 408 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[400:WSITFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400015 PM 18419912 ER PT J AU Koch, FH Smith, WD AF Koch, F. H. Smith, W. D. TI Spatio-temporal analysis of Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera : Circulionidae : Scolytinae) invasion in eastern US forests SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xyleborus glabratus; ambrosia beetle; redbay; climate matching; cost-weighted distance ID POTENTIAL GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; AMBROSIA BEETLE COLEOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; CURCULIONIDAE; MODEL; SPEED; KEY AB The non-native redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), has recently emerged as a significant pest of southeastern U.S. coastal forests. Specifically, a fungal symbiont (Raffaelea sp.) of X. glabratus has caused mortality of redbay (Persea borbonia) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum) trees in the region; several other Lauraceae species also seem susceptible. Although the range of X. glabratus continues to expand rapidly, little is known about the species biology and behavior. In turn, there has been no broad-scale assessment of the threat it poses to eastern U.S. forests. To provide a basic information framework, we performed analyses exploiting relevant spatio-temporal data available for X. glabratus. First, we mapped the densities of redbay and sassafras from forest inventory data. Second, we used climate matching to delineate potential geographic limits for X. glabratus. Third, we used county infestation data to estimate the rate of spread and modeled spread through time, incorporating host density as a weighting factor. Our results suggest that (1) key areas with high concentrations of redbay have yet to be invaded, but some are immediately threatened; (2) climatic conditions may serve to constrain X. glabratus to the southeastern U.S. coastal region; and (3) if unchecked, X. glabratus may spread throughout the range of redbay in <40 yr. Disruption of anthropogenic, long-distance dispersal could reduce the likelihood of this outcome. C1 [Koch, F. H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Smith, W. D.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Koch, FH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fkoch@fs.fed.us RI Koch, Frank/F-2002-2011; OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 NR 54 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 442 EP 452 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[442:SAOXGC]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400019 PM 18419916 ER PT J AU Story, JM Smith, L Corn, JG White, LJ AF Story, Jim M. Smith, Lincoln Corn, Janelle G. White, Linda J. TI Influence of seed head-attacking biological control agents on spotted knapweed reproductive potential in western Montana over a 30-year period SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Centaurea stoebe; seed production; seed bank; Urophora affinis; Larinus spp. ID QUADRIFASCIATA MEIG DIPTERA; UROPHORA-AFFINIS FRFLD; DEER MOUSE-POPULATIONS; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; CYPHOCLEONUS-ACHATES; DIFFUSE KNAPWEED; TEPHRITIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE; ESTABLISHMENT; LEPIDOPTERA AB Five insect biological control agents that attack flower beads of spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe L. subsp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek, became established in western Montana between 1973 and 1992. In a controlled field experiment in 2006, seed-head insects reduced spotted knapweed seed production per seed head by 84.4%. The seed production at two sites in western Montana where these biological control agents were well established was 91.6-93.8% lower in 2004-2005 than 1974-1975, whereas the Dumber of seed heads per square meter was 70.7% lower, and the reproductive potential (seeds/m(2)) was 95.9-99.0% lower. The average seed bank in 2005 at four sites containing robust spotted knapweed populations was 281 seeds/m(2) compared with 19 seeds/m(2) at four sites where knapweed density has declined. Seed bank densities were much higher at sites in central Montana (4,218 seeds/m(2)), where the insects have been established-for a shorter period. Urophora affinis Frauenfeld was the most abundant species at eight study sites, infesting 66.7% of the seed heads, followed by a 47.3% infestation by Larinus minutus Gyllenhal and L. obtusus Gyllenhal. From 1974 to 1985, Urophora spp. apparently reduced the number of seeds per seed head by 34.5-46.9%; the addition of Larinus spp. further reduced seed numbers 84.2-90.5% by 2005. Path analysis indicated that both Larinus spp. and U affinis contributed significantly to reduction of seed production over the 30-yr period. Spotted knapweed density may not decrease significantly until the seed bank falls below a critical threshold. C1 [Story, Jim M.; Corn, Janelle G.; White, Linda J.] Western Agr Res Ctr, Montana Agr Expt Stn, Corvallis, MT 59828 USA. [Smith, Lincoln] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Story, JM (reprint author), Western Agr Res Ctr, Montana Agr Expt Stn, 580 Quast Ln, Corvallis, MT 59828 USA. EM jstory@montana.edu NR 38 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 20 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 510 EP 519 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[510:IOSHBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400027 PM 18419924 ER PT J AU Nuessly, GS Nagata, RT Burd, JD Hentz, MG Carroll, AS Halbert, SE AF Nuessly, G. S. Nagata, R. T. Burd, J. D. Hentz, M. G. Carroll, A. S. Halbert, S. E. TI Biology and biotype determination of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera : Aphididae), on seashore paspalum turfgrass (Paspalum vaginatum) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE longevity; fecundity; net reproductive rate; instrinsic rate of natural increase ID DNA SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE; RESISTANT SORGHUM; HOMOPTERA; REGISTRATION; REPRODUCTION; DESIGNATION; CULTIVARS; INCREASE; GRASSES; WHEATS AB Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was first discovered damaging seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) turfgrass in November 2003 at Belle Glade, FL. Inquiries to several golf courses with seashore paspalum turf across southern Florida indicated infestation was wide spread by April 2004. Damage symptoms progress from water soaked lesions surrounding feeding sites within 24 h to chlorosis and necrosis of leaf tips within 96 h. Problems caused by greenbug feeding were initially misdiagnosed as fertilizer, disease, other insects, or water management problems because aphids Were not previously found on warm season turfgrasses. Greenbug development and fecundity studies were conducted on six seashore paspalum varieties: 'Aloha,' 'SeaDwarf,' 'SeaGreen,' 'Sealsle,' 'SeaWay,' and 'SeaWolf.' Greenbug did not survive on 'SeaWolf.' Development rates (mean +/- SEM) ranged from 7.6 +/- 0.2 to 8.2 +/- 0.2 d on the remaining varieties. Greenbug longevity and fecundity on 'Aloha' were significantly less than on the other varieties. The estimated intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) for greenbug ranged from 0.24 to 0.26 across tested varieties. Values for net reproductive rate (R(o)) ranged from 12.3 on 'Aloha' to 40.4 on 'SeaWay.' In feeding trials on indicator plants, the Florida isolate of greenbug exhibited a unique biotypic profile most commonly found on noncultivated grass hosts. It was virulent on the wheat variety GRS1201 that is resistant to the principal agricultural biotypes attacking small grains and to all currently available resistant sorghum varieties. C1 [Nuessly, G. S.; Nagata, R. T.; Carroll, A. S.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Nuessly, G. S.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Nagata, R. T.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Burd, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Hentz, M. G.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Halbert, S. E.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Nuessly, GS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, 3200 E Palm Beach Rd, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM gnuessly@ufl.edu NR 48 TC 12 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 586 EP 591 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[586:BABDOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400035 PM 18419932 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Alvarez, JM Bosque-Perez, NA Eigenbrode, SD Novy, RG AF Srinivasan, Rajagopalbabu Alvarez, Juan M. Bosque-Perez, Nilsa A. Eigenbrode, Sanford D. Novy, Richard G. TI Effect of an alternate weed host, hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides, on the biology of the two most important Potato leafroll virus (Luteoviridae : Polerovirus) vectors, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Aphididae : Homoptera) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternate weed hosts; vector reservoir; viral inoculum source; insect vectors; vector performance ID BARLEY-YELLOW-DWARF; AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; SPOTTED-WILT-VIRUS; GREEN PEACH APHIDS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; WHEAT; PLANTS; BEET; EPIDEMIOLOGY; REPRODUCTION AB Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides (Sendtner), is a ubiquitous weed in potato agro-ecosystems and nonagricultural lands of southeastern Idaho and the Pacific Northwest. This weed increases the complexity of the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) (Luteoviridae: Polervirus)-potato pathosystem by serving as aphid and virus reservoir. Previous field studies showed higher densities of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), the two most important vectors of PLRV, on S. sarrachoides compared with potato plants in the same fields. Some of the S. sarrachoides plants sampled in these surveys tested positive for PLRV. Viral infections can alter the physiology of plant hosts and aphid performance on such plants. To understand better the potential effects of S. sarrachoides on the PLRV-potato-aphid pathosystem, the life histories of M. persicae and M. euphorbiae were compared on virus-free and PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides and potato. Individual nymphs of each aphid species were held in clip cages on plants from each treatment to monitor their development, survival, and reproductive output. Nymphal survival for both aphids across plant species was higher on S. sarrachoides than on potato, and, within plant species, it was higher on PLRV-infected plants than on noninfected plants. With a few exceptions, similar patterns occurred for fecundity, reproductive periods, adult longevity, and intrinsic rate of increase. The enhanced performance of aphids on S. sarrachoides and on PLRV-infected plants could alter the vector population dynamics and thus the PLRV-disease epidemiology in fields infested with this weed. C1 [Srinivasan, Rajagopalbabu; Alvarez, Juan M.] Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R & E Ctr, USDA, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci,ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Bosque-Perez, Nilsa A.; Eigenbrode, Sanford D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Alvarez, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R & E Ctr, USDA, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci,ARS, 1693 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM jalvarez@uidaho.edu NR 37 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 592 EP 600 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[592:EOAAWH]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400036 PM 18419933 ER PT J AU Tate, CD Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC AF Tate, C. D. Hellmich, R. L. Lewis, L. C. TI Evaluating popcorn as a potential refuge, of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect resistance management; genetically engineered corn; maize; European corn borer ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; TRANSGENIC CORN; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; INSECT ADAPTATION; SEED MIXTURES; RESISTANCE; PYRALIDAE; SURVIVAL; MAIZE AB Popcorn was evaluated in a series of experiments conducted over four growing seasons for its potential as a refuge for European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). Objectives of these studies were to determine whether more larvae were produced in popcorn than in field corn and to determine how popcorn influenced female oviposition and larval distribution in neighboring field corn. Two varieties of popcorn (M140, 105d and M3374Y, 118d), one mixture of popcorn (50% 105d and 50% 118d), and field corn (DK580,108d) were evaluated. Number of egg masses, eggs per egg mass, and larvae were significantly higher in popcorn compared with field corn. Moth oviposition and larval distribution were evaluated using 105d popcorn embedded in several cornfields across Iowa. The row of field corn adjacent to popcorn had significantly more larvae compared with background field corn. In larger field experiments, O. nubilalis larval survival after overwintering was significantly different, with 2.2-18.7 times more O. nubilalis larvae surviving in popcorn than field corn. The potential use of popcorn as an O. nubilalis refuge for genetically engineered corn is considered. C1 [Tate, C. D.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Decis Support & Pest Management Syst Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. [Hellmich, R. L.; Lewis, L. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hellmich, R. L.; Lewis, L. C.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tate, CD (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Decis Support & Pest Management Syst Lab, 3645 E Wier Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM ctate@tifton.usda.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 615 EP 623 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[615:EPAAPR]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 336CR UT WOS:000258342400039 PM 18419936 ER PT J AU Green, CH van Griensven, A AF Green, C. H. van Griensven, A. TI Autocalibration in hydrologic modeling: Using SWAT2005 in small-scale watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE SWAT; hydrologic modeling; autocalibration; watershed; nutrients; sediment ID POULTRY LITTER FERTILIZATION; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; CATCHMENT SCALE; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; QUALITY; RIVER; MANAGEMENT AB SWAT is a physically based model that can simulate water quality and quantity at the watershed scale. Due to many of the processes involved in the manual- or autocalibration of model parameters and the knowledge of realistic input values, calibration can become difficult. An autocalibration- sensitivity analysis procedure was embedded in SWAT version 2005 (SWAT2005) to optimize parameter processing. This embedded procedure is applied to six small-scale watersheds (subwatersheds) in the central Texas Blackland Prairie. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the autocalibration-sensitivity analysis procedures at small-scale watersheds (4.0-8.4 ha). Model simulations are completed using two data scenarios: (1) 1 year used for parameter calibration; (2) 5 years used for parameter calibration. The impact of manual parameter calibration versus autocalibration with manual adjustment on model simulation results is tested. The combination of autocalibration tool parameter values and manually adjusted parameters for the 2000-2004 simulation period resulted in the highest E-NS and R-2 values for discharge; however, the same 5-year period yielded better overall E-NS, R-2 and P-values for the simulation values that were manually adjusted. The disparity is most likely due to the limited number of parameters that are included in this version of the autocalibration tool (i.e. Nperco, Pperco. and nitrate). Overall, SWAT2005 simulated the hydrology and the water quality constituents at the subwatershed-scale more adequately when all of the available observed data were used for model simulation as evidenced by statistical measure when both the autocalibration and manually adjusted parameters were used in the simulation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Green, C. H.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [van Griensven, A.] UNESCO IHE, Water Educ Inst, Dept Hydroinformat & Knowledge Management, Delft, Netherlands. RP Green, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Backland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM chgreen@spa.ars.usda.gov RI van Griensven, Ann/M-4312-2013 OI van Griensven, Ann/0000-0002-2105-6287 NR 56 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 422 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.06.002 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 244WY UT WOS:000251897200006 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Fletcher, RS Elder, HS Yang, C AF Everitt, J. H. Fletcher, R. S. Elder, H. S. Yang, C. TI Mapping giant salvinia with satellite imagery and image analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE QuickBird satellite imagery; color-infrared imagery; normal color imagery; four-band composite imagery; unsupervised image analysis; accuracy assessment; Salvinia molesta ID IKONOS AB QuickBird multispectral satellite imagery was evaluated for distinguishing giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) in a large reservoir in east Texas. The imagery had four bands (blue, green, red, and near-infrared) and contained 11-bit data. Color-infrared (green, red, and near-infrared bands), normal color (blue, green and red bands), and four-band composite (blue, green, red, and near-infrared bands) images were studied. Unsupervised image analysis was used to classify the imagery. Accuracy assessments performed on the classification maps of the three composite images had producer's and user's accuracies for giant salvinia ranging from 87.8 to 93.5%. Color-infrared, normal color, and four-band satellite imagery were excellent for distinguishing giant salvinia in a complex field habitat. C1 [Everitt, J. H.; Fletcher, R. S.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Elder, H. S.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Jasper, TX 75951 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM Jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2008 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9807-y PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270XR UT WOS:000253754000004 PM 17516139 ER PT J AU Wilson, MA Burt, R Indorante, SJ Jenkins, AB Chiaretti, JV Ulmer, MG Scheyer, JM AF Wilson, M. A. Burt, R. Indorante, S. J. Jenkins, A. B. Chiaretti, J. V. Ulmer, M. G. Scheyer, J. M. TI Geochemistry in the modern soil survey program SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review DE trace elements; soil survey; pedology; parent material; anthropogenic ID FLORIDA SURFACE SOILS; HEAVY-METALS; DURUM-WHEAT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; COLLOIDAL MATERIAL; ALLUVIAL SOILS; GRAIN CADMIUM AB Elemental analysis has played an important role in the characterization of soils since inception of the soil survey in the US. Recent efforts in analysis of trace and major elements (geochemistry) have provided necessary data to soil survey users in a variety of areas. The first part of this paper provides a brief overview of elemental sources, forms, mobility, and bioavailability; critical aspects important to users of soil survey geochemical data for appropriate use and interpretations. Examples are provided based on data gathered as part of the US soil survey program. The second part addresses the organization of sample collection in soil survey and how soil surveys are ideally suited as a sampling strategy for soil geochemical studies. Geochemistry is functional in characterization of soil types, determining soil processes, ecological evaluation, or issues related to soil quality and health, such as evaluating suitability of soils for urban or agricultural land use. Applications of geochemistry are on-going across the US and are documented herein. This analytical direction of soil survey complements historic efforts of the National Cooperative Soil Survey Program and addresses the increasing need of soil survey users for data that assists in understanding the influence of human activities on soil properties. C1 [Wilson, M. A.; Burt, R.; Scheyer, J. M.] USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Indorante, S. J.] USDA, NRCS, Carbondale, IL 62903 USA. [Jenkins, A. B.] USDA, NRCS, Dover Focroft, ME 04426 USA. [Chiaretti, J. V.] USDA, NRCS, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Ulmer, M. G.] USDA, NRCS, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Wilson, MA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mail N,Rm 152,MS 41, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM mike.wilson@lin.usda.gov NR 131 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2008 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 151 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9822-z PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270XR UT WOS:000253754000013 PM 17622499 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Fritz, KM Johnson, BR Lazorchak, JM McCormico, FH AF Walters, David M. Fritz, Ken M. Johnson, Brent R. Lazorchak, James M. McCormico, Frank H. TI Influence of trophic position and spatial location on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioaccumulation in a stream food web SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONCENTRATIONS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; STABLE NITROGEN; ACCUMULATION; BIOMAGNIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS; PERIPHYTON; CONGENERS; PATTERNS AB We tested the ability of delta N-15-derived trophic position (TP) to predict polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in a historically contaminated stream (Twelvemile Creek, SC). We analyzed sediment, four types of organic matter, 27 macroinvertebrate taxa, and 25 fish species from six sites spanning 25 stream km. Sigma PCBs were high across sites (mean fish = 2505 ng g(-1) wet), with little spatial variation in concentrations within a trophic level. Sigma PCBs (wet weight) were significantly positively correlated with TP (r(2) = 0.56) and lipids (r(2) = 0.44), and concentrations increased 1-2 orders of magnitude among trophic levels. After adjusting for lipids, we calculated a food web magnification factor of 1.6 for Sigma PCBs, which is low compared to marine and lentic food webs. The predictive power of TP for individual congeners increased with K-ow (octanol-water partition coefficient), with regression slope similar to 0.48 and r(2) similar to 0.70 for K-ow > 6.5. The proportion of high K-ow compounds increased with distance from the source and with trophic position. Spatial variation in congener patterns was high, in contrast to marine and lentic systems where variation is typically low. C1 [Walters, David M.; Fritz, Ken M.; Johnson, Brent R.; Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [McCormico, Frank H.] USDA Forest Serv, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W MLK Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM walters.davidm@epa.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013; OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2316 EP 2322 DI 10.1021/es0715849 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800019 PM 18504959 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Craig, AM Duringer, JM Chaney, RL AF Smith, D. J. Craig, A. M. Duringer, J. M. Chaney, R. L. TI Absorption, tissue distribution, and elimination of residues after 2,4,6-trinitro [C-14]toluene administration to sheep SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TNT-CONTAMINATED SOIL; COVALENT BINDING; RAOULTELLA-TERRIGENA; URINARY METABOLITES; TRANSFORMATION; TRINITROTOLUENE; REDUCTION; BIOREMEDIATION; EXPLOSIVES; PLANTS AB The compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a persistent contaminant of some industrial and military sites. Biological bioremediation techniques typically rely on the immobilization of TNTreduction products ratherthan on TNT mineralization. We hypothesized that sheep ruminal microbes would be suitable for TNT destruction after phytoremediation of TNT-contaminated soils by cool-season grasses. Therefore we investigated the fate of [C-14]TNT in ruminating sheep to determine the utility of ruminant animals as a portion of the bioremediation process. Three wether sheep were dosed with 35.5 mg each of dietary unlabeled TNT for 21 consecutive days. On day 22 sheep (41.9 +/- 3.0 kg) were orally dosed with 35.5 mg of [C-14]TNT (129 mu Ci; 99.1% radiochemical purity). Blood, urine, and feces were collected at regular intervals for 72 h. At slaughter, tissues were quantitatively collected. Tissues and blood were analyzed for total radioactive residues (TRR); excreta were analyzed for TRR, bound residues, and TNT metabolites. Plasma radioactivity peaked within 1 h of dosing and was essentially depleted within 18 h. Approximately 76% of the radiocarbon was excreted in feces, 17% in urine, with 5% being retained in the gastrointestinal tract and 1% retained in tissues. Parent TNT, dinitroamino metabolites, and diaminonitro metabolites were not detected in excretal. Ruminal and fecal radioactivity was essentially nonextractable using ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol; covalent binding of fecal radioactive residues was evenly distributed among extractable organic molecules (i.e., soluble organic matter, soluble carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and nucleic acid fractions) and undigested fibers (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). This study demonstrated that TNT reduction within the ruminant gastrointestinal tract leads to substantial immobilization of residues to organic matter, a fate similar to TNT in other strongly reducing environments. C1 [Smith, D. J.] USDA ARS, Anim Metab Agr Chem Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Craig, A. M.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Duringer, J. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chaney, R. L.] Environm Management & By Product Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Metab Agr Chem Res Unit, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM david.j.smith@ars.usda.gov RI Duringer, Jennifer/B-5451-2009; Craig, A. Morrie/J-5857-2013 NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2563 EP 2569 DI 10.1021/es702601n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800057 PM 18504997 ER PT J AU Huwe, JK Hakk, H Smith, DJ Diliberto, JJ Richardson, V Stapleton, HM Birnbaum, LS AF Huwe, Janice K. Hakk, Heldur Smith, David J. Diliberto, Janet J. Richardson, Vicki Stapleton, Heather M. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Comparative absorption and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers following ingestion via dust and oil in male rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; IN-HOUSE DUST; HUMAN EXPOSURE; 2,2',4,4'-TETRABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; TISSUE DISPOSITION; COMMON CARP; PBDE LEVELS AB Household dust has been implicated as a major source of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure in humans. This finding has important implications for young children, who tend to ingest more dust than adults and may be more susceptible to some of the putative developmental effects of PBDEs. Absorption parameters of PBDEs from ingested dust are unknown; therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine and to compare the uptake of PBDEs from either household dust (NIST Standard Reference Material 2585) or a corn oil solution. Male rats were administered dust or corn oil doses at 1 or 6 mu g of PBDEs kg(-1) body wt in the diet for 21 days (n = 4 rats per group). The concentrations of 15 PBDEs were measured in adipose tissue and liver from each treatment group and showed that bioconcentration was congener dependent, but for the majority of congeners, the concentrations did not differ with either dose level or dose vehicle. Hepatic Cyp2b1 and 2b2 mRNA expression increased in rats receiving the higher PBDE doses, suggesting potential effects on metabolic activity. Retention of PBDEs in tissues ranged from <5% of the dose for BDE-209 to 70% for BDEs-47, 100, and 153 but generally did not differ between the high dust and high oil treatment groups. Excretion via the feces was significantly lower in the high oil dosed rats suggesting differences in absorption, excretion, and/or metabolism. The present study shows that PBDEs in dust are readily bioavailable and are biologically active, as indicated by increased transcription of hepatic enzymes. C1 [Huwe, Janice K.; Hakk, Heldur; Smith, David J.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Diliberto, Janet J.; Richardson, Vicki; Birnbaum, Linda S.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Stapleton, Heather M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Huwe, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Janice.Huwe@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2694 EP 2700 DI 10.1021/es702644k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800078 PM 18505018 ER PT J AU Demopoulos, AWJ Cormier, N Ewel, KC Fry, B AF Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Cormier, Nicole Ewel, Katherine C. Fry, Brian TI Use of multiple chemical tracers to define habitat use of indo-pacific mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Decapoda : Portunidae) SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Scylla serrata; mangrove; habitat residency; micronesia; stable isotope analysis; sulfur; benthos; infauna; mixing models; isosource; elemental analysis ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; FEDERATED STATES; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICRONESIA; MOVEMENT; KOSRAE; CARBON; COMMUNITIES; CRUSTACEA; ABUNDANCE AB The mangrove or mud crab, Scylla serrata, is an important component of mangrove fisheries throughout the Indo-Pacific. Understanding crab diets and habitat use should assist in managing these fisheries and could provide additional justification for conservation of the mangrove ecosystem itself. We used multiple chemical tracers to test whether crab movements were restricted to local mangrove forests, or extended to include adjacent seagrass beds and reef flats. We sampled three mangrove forests on the island of Kosrae in the Federated States of Micronesia at Lelu Harbor, Okat River, and Utwe tidal channel. Samples of S. serrata and likely food sources were analyzed for stable carbon (delta C-13), nitrogen (delta N-15), and sulfur (delta S-34) isotopes. Scylla serrata tissues also were analyzed for phosphorus (P), cations (K, Ca, Mg, Na), and trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and B). Discriminant analysis indicated that at least 87% of the crabs remain in each site as distinct populations. Crab stable isotope values indicated potential differences in habitat use within estuaries. Values for delta C-13 and delta S-34 in crabs from Okat and Utwe were low and similar to values expected from animals feeding within mangrove forests, e.g., feeding on infauna that had average delta C-13 values near -26.5 parts per thousand. In contrast, crabs from Lelu had higher delta C-13 and delta S-34 values, with average values of -21.8 and 7.8 parts per thousand, respectively. These higher isotope values are consistent with increased crab foraging on reef flats and seagrasses. Given that S. serrata have been observed feeding on adjacent reef and seagrass environments on Kosrae, it is likely that they move in and out of the mangroves for feeding. Isotope mixing model results support these conclusions, with the greatest mangrove ecosystem contribution to S. serrata diet occurring in the largest mangrove forests. Conserving larger island mangrove forests (> 1 km deep) appears to support crab foraging activities. C1 [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cormier, Nicole; Ewel, Katherine C.; Fry, Brian] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Demopoulos, AWJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM amandad@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.1007/s12237-007-9008-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 270CC UT WOS:000253696500012 ER PT J AU Agrama, HA Eizenga, GC AF Agrama, H. A. Eizenga, G. C. TI Molecular diversity and genome-wide linkage disequilibrium patterns in a worldwide collection of Oryza sativa and its wild relatives SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; association mapping; polymorphism information content; gene diversity; principal coordinates analysis; wild rice ID SPRING BARLEY CULTIVARS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FLOWERING TIME; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; MARKER ANALYSIS; RICE CULTIVARS; SSR MARKERS; MAIZE AB Genetic diversity analysis within a species is vital for understanding evolutionary processes at the population and genomic levels. We report a detailed study of molecular diversity, polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium in three groups of rice (Oryza) germplasm accessions based on 176 SSR markers. The first group included 65 rice (O. sativa L.) accessions introduced from seven countries, including five regions of China. The second group included 58 US rice varieties released in the past 25 years. The third group consisted of 54 accessions of rice wild relatives represented by ten different species. The number of alleles per SSR marker ranged from 4 to 32 with a mean of 16 alleles and the polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.43 to 0.91 with a mean of 0.70. The variation in SSR alleles was a significant contribution to the genetic discrimination of the 177 accessions within the three Oryza groups. Analysis of molecular variance identified deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Principal coordinates analysis clearly separated the accessions into their respective three groups. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic cluster reflects the ordination of each accession. Linkage disequilibrium (D') averaged 0.75 in wild Oryza spp., and about 0.5 in both US and international O. sativa accessions. Our results showed that LD among adjacent loci in both O. sativa and Oryza spp. accessions is strong enough to be detecting marker-trait association via genome-wide scans. C1 [Agrama, H. A.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72701 USA. [Eizenga, G. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Agrama, HA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72701 USA. EM hagrama@uark.edu NR 58 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 2008 VL 160 IS 3 BP 339 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s10681-007-9535-y PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 275RC UT WOS:000254088300006 ER PT J AU Rumpler, WV Kramer, M Rhodes, DG Moshfegh, AJ Paul, DR AF Rumpler, W. V. Kramer, M. Rhodes, D. G. Moshfegh, A. J. Paul, D. R. TI Identifying sources of reporting error using measured food intake SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy intake; bias; diet assessment; nutrition assessment; questionnaires ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; DIETARY ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS; MULTIPLE-PASS METHOD; ENERGY-INTAKE; ACCURACY; EXPENDITURE; OBESE; VALIDATION; BIOMARKER; VALIDITY AB Objective: To investigate the magnitude and relative contribution of different sources of measurement errors present in the estimation of food intake via the 24- h recall technique. Design: We applied variance decomposition methods to the difference between data obtained from the USDA's Automated Multiple Pass Method ( AMPM) 24- h recall technique and measured food intake ( MFI) from a 16- week cafeteria- style feeding study. The average and the variance of biases, defined as the difference between AMPM and MFI, were analyzed by macronutrient content, subject and nine categories of foods. Subjects: Twelve healthy, lean men ( age, 39 +/- 9 year; weight, 79.9 +/- 8.3 kg; and BMI, 24.1 +/- 1.4 kg/ m(2)). Results: Mean food intakes for AMPM and MFI were not significantly different ( no overall bias), but within- subject differences for energy ( EI), protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes were 14, 18, 23 and 15% of daily intake, respectively. Mass ( incorrect portion size) and deletion ( subject did not report foods eaten) errors were each responsible for about one- third of the total error. Vegetables constituted 8% of EI but represented >25% of the error across macronutrients, whereas grains that contributed 32% of EI contributed only 12% of the error across macronutrients. Conclusions: Although the major sources of reporting error were mass and deletion errors, individual subjects differed widely in the magnitude and types of errors they made. C1 [Rumpler, W. V.; Paul, D. R.] USDA ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rhodes, D. G.; Moshfegh, A. J.] USDA ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rumpler, WV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, 307B Ctr Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM william.rumpler@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 4 BP 544 EP 552 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602742 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 282IH UT WOS:000254560600012 PM 17426745 ER PT J AU Duffy, B Ravva, S Stanker, L AF Duffy, B. Ravva, S. Stanker, L. TI Cantaloupe cultivar differences as opportunistic hosts for human pathogenic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE foodborne pathogens; food safety; Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson ID SURVIVAL; GROWTH; WATERMELON; BACTERIA; O157-H7; POONA AB A significant influence of plant genotype at the cultivar level was observed for survival and opportunistic root colonisation by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson on canteloupe. Our results demonstrate the potential for cultivar selection as a novel approach to reduce preharvest contamination of canteloupe plant surfaces by human pathogenic bacteria. C1 [Duffy, B.] Agroscope Changins Wadenswil, Div Plant Protect, CH-8820 Wadenswil, Switzerland. [Ravva, S.; Stanker, L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. RP Duffy, B (reprint author), Agroscope Changins Wadenswil, Div Plant Protect, CH-8820 Wadenswil, Switzerland. EM duffy@acw.admin.ch NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 700561 WOLLGRASWEG 41, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1611-4426 J9 EUR J HORTIC SCI JI Eur. J. Hortic. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 73 IS 2 BP 73 EP 75 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 300VZ UT WOS:000255854600005 ER PT J AU Mulema, JMK Adipala, E Olanya, OM Wagoire, W AF Mulema, J. M. K. Adipala, E. Olanya, O. M. Wagoire, W. TI Yield stability analysis of late blight resistant potato selections SO EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Potato is an important source of food and income in the highlands of East Africa. Identification of superior genotypes for improved agronomic characteristics will enhance tuber yield. Seven promising clones from population B potato selections (quantitative resistance to late blight) obtained from the International Potato Center, two genotypes from population A (qualitative resistance) and three control cultivars were evaluated for three cropping seasons at four locations in western Uganda in order to determine performance and yield stability The additive main effects and multiplicative interactive (AMMI) model was used for the analysis. The analysis of variance of yield data for genotypes x locations, genotypes x seasons and genotypes x locations x seasons was significant (p < 0.05) showing the variable response of genotypes and the need for stability analysis. The AMMI statistical model showed that the most stable genotypes were 392618.250 (B5) and 392127:270 (B6) (high yield) and 392618.256 (B1), 391049.255 (B2) and 392127.256 (B7) (low yield) and had negligible interactions with the environments. Across environments, the ranking of genotypes for tuber yield was not consistent. The clones 381471.18 (A2), 387121.4 (A1) and cultivar Victoria had high average yields, but these yields were below average in a few environments. Selective deployment of cultivars can improve tuber yield in the highland tropics. C1 [Olanya, O. M.] Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Mulema, J. M. K.; Adipala, E.] Makerere Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Kampala, Uganda. [Wagoire, W.] Kachwekano Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Kabale, Uganda. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0014-4797 J9 EXP AGR JI Exp. Agric. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1017/S0014479708006133 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 298YU UT WOS:000255723800002 ER PT J AU Suarez, CE McElwain, TF AF Suarez, Carlos E. McElwain, Terry F. TI Transient transfection of purified Babesia bovis merozoites SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE babesia bovis; merozoites; elongation factor-la; Transfection; nucleofection; Electroporation; luciferase; promoters ID GENE-EXPRESSION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INVITRO CULTIVATION; PROTEINS; SURFACE AB Transient transfection of intraerythrocytic Babesia bovis parasites has been previously reported. In this study, we describe the development and optimization of methods for transfection of purified B. bovis merozoites using either nucleofection (Amaxa) or conventional electroporation (Gene Pulser II, BioRad). Initially, the optimal buffer ("Plasmodium 88A6") and program (v-24) for nucleofection of free merozoites with a plasmid containing the luciferase gene as a reporter were determined. Using the same reporter plasmid, optimal voltage, capacitance and resistance for transfecting free merozoites by electroporation were defined to be 1.2 kV/25 mu F/200 Omega. Using these optimal parameters, analysis of the time course of luciferase expression using either system to transfect free B. bovis merozoites showed high enzyme activity at 24 h, with a rapid decline thereafter. Nucleofection was approximately five times more effective than electroporation when using a small quantity (2 mu g) of DNA, while electroporation was twice as effective as nucleofection when a larger quantity of plasmid DNA (100 mu g) was used. Parasite viability was significantly higher when using nucleofection when compared to electroporation regardless of the amount of DNA used. Comparison of luciferase expression after transfection of merozoites with circular, linearized, or double digested plasmid indicated that intact, circular plasmid was necessary for optimal luciferase expression. Overall, the results provide a basis for optimal transfection of purified R bovis merozoites using either nucleofection or conventional electroporation. However, nucleofection is significantly more efficient when transfecting either circular or restriction digested DNA in the 2-10 mu g range. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Suarez, Carlos E.] USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Suarez, Carlos E.; McElwain, Terry F.] Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Suarez, CE (reprint author), USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ces@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 15 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 118 IS 4 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.10.013 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 286ZH UT WOS:000254885000007 PM 18076879 ER PT J AU Sacco, RE AF Sacco, Randy E. TI DNA vaccines against infectious agents: recent strategies for enhancing immune responses SO EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC PATENTS LA English DT Review DE adjuvants; delivery systems; plasmid DNA; vaccine ID ANTIGEN PRESENTATION PATHWAYS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; DIRECT GENE-TRANSFER; IN-VIVO; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; DENDRITIC CELLS; RABIES VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; YERSINIA-PESTIS AB Background: There have been widespread efforts to develop plasmid DNA vaccines against animal and human pathogens. The impetus stemmed from early promising results in laboratory animals in which DNA vaccines induced robust immune responses and, in some cases, protection against challenge. However, first-generation DNA vaccines did not induce optimal responses in larger animals and humans. Objective: To examine technological developments in DNA plasmids, adjuvants, and delivery systems. Methods: The advancements that have been made in DNA vaccines for infectious diseases are reviewed and some historical perspective is provided. Results/conclusions: Although improvements in DNA vaccine technology have been realized, it is evident that this progress has resulted in rather modest improvements in responses in large animals and humans. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sacco, RE (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM randy.sacco@ars.usda.gov NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1354-3776 J9 EXPERT OPIN THER PAT JI Expert Opin. Ther. Patents PD APR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1517/13543776.18.4.365 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 290UC UT WOS:000255146800001 ER PT J AU Allen, LH Shahab-Ferdows, S Anaya, MA Rosado, JL Pogribn, I AF Allen, Lindsay H. Shahab-Ferdows, Setareh Aracely Anaya, Miriam Louis Rosado, Jorge Pogribn, Igor TI Randomized controlled trial of vitamin B12 supplementation in Mexican women with a high prevalence of B12 deficiency; predictors of biochemical and hematological response SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Allen, Lindsay H.; Shahab-Ferdows, Setareh; Aracely Anaya, Miriam] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Allen, Lindsay H.] ARS, WHNRC, USDA, Davis, CA USA. [Aracely Anaya, Miriam; Louis Rosado, Jorge] Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico. [Pogribn, Igor] US FDA, HHS, Jackson, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467806664 ER PT J AU Anderson, CM Johnson, WT AF Anderson, Cindy M. Johnson, W. Thomas TI Marginal copper deficiency impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation responses across two generations SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Anderson, Cindy M.] Univ N Dakota, Coll Nursing, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Johnson, W. Thomas] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467801621 ER PT J AU Andrews, K Roseland, J Zhao, CW Schweitzer, A Holden, JM Perry, C Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Fisher, K Saldanha, L Yetley, E Douglass, L AF Andrews, Karen Roseland, Janet Zhao, Cuiwei Schweitzer, Amy Holden, Joanne M. Perry, Charles Dwyer, Johanna Picciano, Mary Frances Fisher, Kenneth Saldanha, Leila Yetley, Elizabeth Douglass, Larry TI Commonly reported US adult multivitamin/mineral (MVM) products: analysis of labeled vs. analytical values for 19 vitamins and minerals SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Andrews, Karen; Roseland, Janet; Zhao, Cuiwei; Schweitzer, Amy; Holden, Joanne M.] USDA ARS, BHNRC NDL, Beltsville, MD USA. [Perry, Charles] NASS, Fairfax, VA USA. [Dwyer, Johanna; Picciano, Mary Frances; Fisher, Kenneth; Saldanha, Leila; Yetley, Elizabeth] NIH ODS, Rockville, MD USA. [Douglass, Larry] Univ Maryland, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467807819 ER PT J AU Arsenault, LN Scott, TM Tucker, KL AF Arsenault, Lisa Nicole Scott, Tammy M. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Long-Chain Omega-3 fatty acids associated with better cognitive function and less depressive symptoms in a population of Puerto Rican adults in Boston, MA SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Arsenault, Lisa Nicole; Scott, Tammy M.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arsenault, Lisa Nicole; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Scott, Tammy M.] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467806485 ER PT J AU Bartley, G Tsai, HJ Hong, YJ Hammock, B Yokoyama, W AF Bartley, Glenn Tsai, Hsing-Ju Hong, Yun-Jeong Hammock, Bruce Yokoyama, Wallace TI Dietary soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors effect on hepatic gene expression of lipid metabolism in hamsters SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bartley, Glenn; Hong, Yun-Jeong; Yokoyama, Wallace] ARS, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Tsai, Hsing-Ju; Hammock, Bruce] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467809316 ER PT J AU Bauchart-Thevret, C Stoll, B Chang, XY Cui, LW Burrin, D AF Bauchart-Thevret, Caroline Stoll, Barbara Chang, Xiaoyan Cui, Liwei Burrin, Douglas TI Sulfur Amino Acids Are Necessary for Normal Intestinal Mucosal Growth in Neonatal Piglets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bauchart-Thevret, Caroline; Stoll, Barbara; Chang, Xiaoyan; Cui, Liwei; Burrin, Douglas] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467801784 ER PT J AU Blakely, SR Blumberg, J O'Neill, KR Smith, TJ Pikosky, MA Young, AJ AF Blakely, Shirley R. Blumberg, Jeffrey O'Neill, Karen Rene Smith, Tracey J. Pikosky, Matthew A. Young, Andrew J. TI Increased dietary protein attenuates C-reactive protein and creatine kinase responses to exercise-induced energy deficit SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blakely, Shirley R.] Food & Drug Adm, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Smith, Tracey J.; Pikosky, Matthew A.; Young, Andrew J.] USA, Inst Environm Med, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467803127 ER PT J AU Bowman, SA Moshfegh, AJ Friday, JE Martin, CL AF Bowman, Shanthy A. Moshfegh, Alanna J. Friday, James E. Martin, Carrie L. TI Teenagers consume far more discretionary calories and far less fruits and vegetables than that recommended in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bowman, Shanthy A.; Moshfegh, Alanna J.; Friday, James E.; Martin, Carrie L.] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467804309 ER PT J AU Buell, JS Scott, T Dawson-Hughes, B Dallal, G Rosenberg, I Folstein, M Tucker, KL AF Buell, Jennifer S. Scott, Tammy Dawson-Hughes, Bess Dallal, Gerard Rosenberg, Irwin Folstein, Marshal Tucker, Katherine L. TI 25-Hydroxyvitamin D is associated with cognitive function in an elderly population receiving homecare services SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Buell, Jennifer S.; Scott, Tammy; Dallal, Gerard; Rosenberg, Irwin; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Scott, Tammy; Folstein, Marshal] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Dallal, Gerard; Rosenberg, Irwin; Tucker, Katherine L.] Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging HNRCA, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467804703 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Lin, R Ghosh, S Anderson, RA Urban, JF AF Cao, Heping Lin, Rui Ghosh, Sanjukta Anderson, Richard A. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. TI Production and characterization of ZFP36L1 antiserum against recombinant protein from Escherichia coli SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cao, Heping; Anderson, Richard A.; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] ARS, Diet Gen & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Cao, Heping; Lin, Rui; Ghosh, Sanjukta] NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467803024 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Urban, JF Anderson, RA AF Cao, Heping Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Anderson, Richard A. TI Cinnamon affects immune responses by regulating anti- and pro-inflammatory gene expression and energy metabolism in macrophages SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cao, Heping; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.; Anderson, Richard A.] USDA ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467802865 ER PT J AU Cao, J AF Cao, Jay TI Relative bone mass decreased in mice fed high dietary fat despite an increase in body mass and bone formation markers SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cao, Jay] USDA ARS, GF Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467801583 ER PT J AU Charron, CS Clevidence, BA Milner, JA Kramer, M Baer, DJ Albaugh, G Davis, CD Ross, SA Seifried, H Kim, YS Emenaker, N Novotny, JA AF Charron, Craig S. Clevidence, Beverly A. Milner, John A. Kramer, Matthew Baer, David J. Albaugh, George Davis, Cindy D. Ross, Sharon A. Seifried, Harold Kim, Young S. Emenaker, Nancy Novotny, Janet A. TI Effect of dietary allyl isothiocyanate from Brassica vegetables on serum glutathione S-transferase-alpha concentration SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Charron, Craig S.; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Baer, David J.; Albaugh, George; Novotny, Janet A.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kramer, Matthew] USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. [Milner, John A.; Davis, Cindy D.; Ross, Sharon A.; Seifried, Harold; Kim, Young S.; Emenaker, Nancy] NCI, Canc Prevent Div, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467806330 ER PT J AU Charron, CS Britz, SJ Mirecki, RM Harrison, DJ Clevidence, BA Novotny, JA AF Charron, Craig S. Britz, Steven J. Mirecki, Roman M. Harrison, Dawn J. Clevidence, Beverly A. Novotny, Janet A. TI Intrinsic carbon-13 labeling of red cabbage anthocyanins for human nutrition studies SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Charron, Craig S.; Britz, Steven J.; Mirecki, Roman M.; Harrison, Dawn J.; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Novotny, Janet A.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467805771 ER PT J AU Chester, DN Harris, E AF Chester, Deirdra Nicole Harris, Ellen TI Does using MyPyramid in a community setting increase fruit and vegetable knowledge? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chester, Deirdra Nicole; Harris, Ellen] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467806652 ER EF