FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Smith, R Bettiga, L Cahn, M Baumgartner, K Jackson, LE Bensen, T AF Smith, Richard Bettiga, Larry Cahn, Michael Baumgartner, Kendra Jackson, Louise E. Bensen, Tiffany TI Vineyard floor management affects soil, plant nutrition, and grape yield and quality SO CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID COVER CROPS; POPULATIONS; GROWTH AB Management of the vineyard floor affects soil and crop productivity, as well as runoff and sediment that leave the vineyard. In Monterey County, weed control is typically conducted in a 4-foot-wide area under the vines, while cover crops are planted in the middles between vine rows. This 5-year multidisciplinary study in a low rainfall vineyard evaluated the impact of weed control strategies (cultivation, pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides) in the vine rows, factorially arranged with three cover-crop treatments in the middles. We studied soil compaction, moisture and runoff, vine and soil nutrition; soil microbial biomass and mycorrhizae, and grape yield and quality. The iate-maturing 'Trios 102' triticale used more water during the vine growing season than the earlier maturing 'Merced' rye. Cover crops increased organic matter and microbial biomass in the middles and reduced sediment loss. Weed control treatments did not affect crop yield or soil nutritional and microbiological parameters, but cultivation increased soil compaction at 4 to 7 inches deep. Weed control strategies and cover crops must be chosen carefully to maximize benefits and minimize negative environmental impacts. C1 [Baumgartner, Kendra] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA USA. [Jackson, Louise E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA USA. [Bensen, Tiffany] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Jackson, Louise/A-3562-2010 NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 36 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA, OAKLAND, DIVISION AGRICULTURE & NATURAL RESOURCES PI OAKLAND PA 1111 FRANKLIN ST, 6TH FLOOR, OAKLAND, CA 94607-5200 USA SN 0008-0845 J9 CALIF AGR JI Calif. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 62 IS 4 BP 184 EP 190 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 360IO UT WOS:000260051400016 ER PT J AU Rypel, AL Haag, WR Findlay, RH AF Rypel, Andrew L. Haag, Wendell R. Findlay, Robert H. TI Validation of annual growth rings in freshwater mussel shells using cross dating SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AGE-DETERMINATION; TREE-RINGS; CHRONOLOGIES; INCREMENTS; CALIFORNIA; ALABAMA; CLIMATE; STREAMS; FISHES; QUEBEC AB We examined the usefulness of dendrochronological cross-dating methods for studying long-term, interannual growth patterns in freshwater mussels, including validation of annual shell ring formation. Using 13 species from three rivers, we measured increment widths between putative annual rings on shell thin sections and then removed age-related variation by standardizing measurement time series using cubic splines. Initially, cross dating was a valuable quality control technique allowing us to correct interpretive and measurement errors in 16% of specimens. For all species, growth varied among years but was highly synchronous among individuals. Standardized measurement time series of 94% of individuals were significantly correlated with species master chronologies, and mean interseries correlations ranged from 0.37 to 0.96. Growth was also synchronous among species, even from different rivers, and growth was negatively correlated with mean annual streamflow for most species except Quadrula pustulosa from a regulated dam tailrace. Highly synchronous growth and the strong relationship to streamflow showed that large-scale environmental signals generated non-age-related variation in mussel growth giving strong support for annual formation of the growth increments we measured. Cross dating can be a valuable technique for studying freshwater mussel growth providing quality control, validation of annual rings, and reconstruction of long-term growth histories. C1 [Rypel, Andrew L.; Findlay, Robert H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Haag, Wendell R.] USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Rypel, AL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Box 870206, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM andrewrypel@yahoo.com RI Findlay, Robert/G-4223-2011 FU Alabama License Tag; UA Graduate Council; Alabama Fisheries Association; J. Nichole Bishop Endowment (RHF); US Forest Service, Southern Research Station FX The authors thank Mickey Bland for assistance in the field and for countless hours expertly preparing thin sections. This work was supported by an Alabama License Tag Fellowship for Conservation, a UA Graduate Council Fellowship, and an Alabama Fisheries Association Scholarship to ALR, The J. Nichole Bishop Endowment (RHF), and the US Forest Service, Southern Research Station. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 65 IS 10 BP 2224 EP 2232 DI 10.1139/F08-129 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 361ZO UT WOS:000260168000014 ER PT J AU Adesemoye, AO Torbert, HA Kloepper, JW AF Adesemoye, A. O. Torbert, H. A. Kloepper, J. W. TI Enhanced plant nutrient use efficiency with PGPR and AMF in an integrated nutrient management system SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi; integrated nutrient management; fertilizer; poultry litter ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; AZOSPIRILLUM-BRASILENSE; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN UPTAKE; FARMING SYSTEM; WHEAT; INOCULATION; AVAILABILITY; FERTILIZER AB A 3 year field study was conducted with field corn from 2005 to 2007 to test the hypothesis that microbial inoculants that increase plant growth and yield can enhance nutrient uptake, and thereby remove more nutrients, especially N, P, and K from the field as part of an integrated nutrient management system. The field trial evaluated microbial inoculants, which include a commercially available plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), and their combination across 2 tillage systems (no-till and conventional till) and 2 fertilization regimes (poultry litter and ammonium nitrate). Data were collected on plant height, yield (dry mass of ears and silage), and nutrient content of corn grain and silage. In addition, nutrient content of soil was determined, and bioavailability of soil nutrient was measured with plant root simulator probes. Results showed that inoculants promoted plant growth and yield. For example, grain yields (kg center dot ha(-1)) in 2007 for inoculants were 7717 for AMF, 7260 for PGPR+AMF, 7313 for PGPR, 5725 for the control group, and for fertilizer were 7470 for poultry litter and 6537 for NH(4)NO(3). Nitrogen content per gram of grain tissues was significantly enhanced in 2006 by inoculant, fertilizer, and their interactions. Significantly higher amounts of N, P, and K were removed from the plots with inoculants, based on total nutrient content of grain per plot. These results supported the overall hypothesis and indicate that application of inoculants can lead to reduction in the build up of N, P, and K in agricultural soils. Further studies should be conducted to combine microbial inoculants with reduced rates of fertilizer. C1 [Adesemoye, A. O.; Kloepper, J. W.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Torbert, H. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Adesemoye, AO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 209 Life Sci Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM adeseao@auburn.edu OI Adesemoye, Anthony/0000-0003-2413-3361 NR 33 TC 82 Z9 103 U1 8 U2 61 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 54 IS 10 BP 876 EP 886 DI 10.1139/W08-081 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 361ZN UT WOS:000260167900010 PM 18923557 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE Beckstead, J Allen, PS Smith, DC AF Meyer, Susan E. Beckstead, Julie Allen, Phil S. Smith, Duane C. TI A seed bank pathogen causes seedborne disease: Pyrenophora semeniperda on undispersed grass seeds in western North America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE conidia; Bromus tectorum; Drechslera campanulata; Elymus elymoides; Leymus cinereus; Pyrenophora semeniperda; spore dispersal ID BROMUS-TECTORUM L; DORMANCY LOSS; ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SIMULATION-MODEL; INFECTION; POACEAE; SPORES AB The generalist pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda is abundant in seed banks of the exotic winter annual grass Bromus tectorum in semiarid western North America and is also found in the seed banks of co-occurring native grasses. In this study. we examined natural incidence of disease caused by this pathogen on undispersed host seeds, that is, seeds that were never directly exposed to inoculum in the seed bank. We determined experimentally that at least 90% of undispersed B. tectorum seeds exhibiting the disease were likely infected after maturity by conidia borne Superficially on the seed-covering structures. The fraction of undispersed seeds exhibiting disease under optimum conditions for infection in the laboratory varied from 0% to 22% for three grass species. Relatively high disease incidence on undispersed seeds for this dry-sporulating fungus was significantly correlated with low mean annual rainfall, dry conditions during the conidial dispersal period in early summer, and high concentrations of soilborne inoculum as evidenced by the presence of high densities of killed seeds bearing fungal stromata in the seed bank. These three variables explained 66% of the variation in seedborne disease incidence for B. tectorum seed collections made in 2005. By dispersing conidia onto host seeds while seeds are still on the plant, this pathogen achieves the potential for targeted dispersal along with seeds of its host. This may be particularly advantageous for P. semeniperda, which has large conidia (phragmospores) that may not be efficiently dispersed beyond the grass canopy boundary layer. C1 [Meyer, Susan E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Beckstead, Julie] Gonzaga Univ, Dept Biol, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. [Allen, Phil S.; Smith, Duane C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM smeyer@fs.fed.us FU USDA CSREES Rangelands Special Grant; Idaho Army National Guard FX Seed germination studies that were the source of disease incidence data from 1992-1995 were supported by a USDA CSREES Rangelands Special Grant to S.E. Meyer and P.S. Allen. The 2005 disease survey was funded in part through an interagency cooperative agreement with the Idaho Army National Guard. We thank Samuel Inouye, Jay Weaver, Cherrilyn Molder, and Caitlin Smith for assistance in obtaining seed bank and seed samples in 2005, Thomas Stewart and Katherine Temus for help with seed batik sample processing, and Suzette Clement for carrying out seed surface-disinfestation experiments. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 30 IS 4 BP 525 EP 533 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 434NT UT WOS:000265282100003 ER PT J AU Fetch, TG Steffenson, BJ Bockelman, HE Wesenberg, DM AF Fetch, Thomas G., Jr. Steffenson, Brian J. Bockelman, Harold E. Wesenberg, Darrell M. TI Spring barley accessions with dual spot blotch and net blotch resistance SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; Cochliobolus sativus; Pyrenophora teres; field resistance; host-parasite interactions ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; TERES F-TERES; PYRENOPHORA-TERES; COCHLIOBOLUS-SATIVUS; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; DRECHSLERA-TERES; CAUSAL AGENT; NORTH-DAKOTA; VIRULENCE; PATHOTYPES AB Spot blotch and net blotch are common foliar diseases of barley in the upper midwestern United States and are capable of causing significant reductions in both the yield and quality of the crop. Currently, there are no cultivars grown in the region that possess high levels of resistance to net blotch, and recent evidence suggests that the durable spot blotch resistance present in six-row malting types may be vulnerable to virulent isolates of Cochliobolus sativus. To identify new sources of resistance, over 5000 accessions of barley from the USDA National Small Grains Collection and Texas barley breeding program were evaluated for their reaction to spot blotch and net blotch in field nurseries established at Fargo and Langdon, North Dakota, respectively. Eighteen accessions that exhibited a true spring type habit and did not have any known midwestern US germplasm in their parentage were evaluated in additional field and greenhouse tests. All 19 accessions were confirmed to carry field resistance to both diseases, but their levels of resistance varied. Seedling, tests also were conducted in the greenhouse to determine whether the selected accessions carried broader resistance against different pathotypes of each pathogen. Several accessions were Susceptible to one or more of the pathogen isolates, indicating potential vulnerability of their field resistance. Of the 18 accessions evaluated in this Study, 8 (CIho 2291, CIho 7021 PI 58228, PI 83794, PI 428626, PI 434771, PI 467387, and Tx 7934) exhibited the broadest resistance across different pathogen isolates as revealed in the seedling tests and may be the best sources of dual spot blotch and net blotch resistance for barley breeding programs. C1 [Steffenson, Brian J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fetch, Thomas G., Jr.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. [Bockelman, Harold E.; Wesenberg, Darrell M.] USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Steffenson, BJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bsteffen@umn.edu OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 FU American Malting Barley Association; Lieberman-Okinow Endowment at the University of Minnesota FX Most of this research was conducted by the first and second authors when they were at North Dakota State University. This research was supported in part by the American Malting Barley Association and the Lieberman-Okinow Endowment at the University of Minnesota. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 30 IS 4 BP 534 EP 542 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 434NT UT WOS:000265282100004 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Shogren, RL Selling, G Salch, J Willett, JL Buchanan, CM AF Biswas, Atanu Shogren, R. L. Selling, Gordon Salch, J. Willett, J. L. Buchanan, Charles M. TI Rapid and environmentally friendly preparation of starch esters SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch iodine; acetic anhydride; starch acetate; microwave; synthesis ID SOLVENT AB The effects of microwave heating and reactant composition on the iodine-catalyzed acetylation of starch by acetic anhydride were investigated. After only 2 min at 100 degrees C, significant amounts of acetylation occurred using small amounts of iodine (0.16-2.5 mol%). Values of degree of substitution (DS) increased as iodine/starch and acetic anhydride/starch ratios increased. Starch acetates having DS of up to 3 were prepared using 2.5 mol% iodine. Molecular weights decreased as iodine levels increased. This method of starch acetylation is attractive since no solvent is needed, reaction is rapid, energy inputs are relatively small, and the catalyst has low toxicity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Biswas, Atanu; Shogren, R. L.; Selling, Gordon; Salch, J.; Willett, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Buchanan, Charles M.] Eastman Chem Co, Res Labs, Kingsport, TN 37662 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM biswasa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 7 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.01.013 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 325XM UT WOS:000257622100019 ER PT J AU Wang, TTY Hudson, TS Wang, TC Remsberg, CM Davies, NM Takahashi, Y Kim, YS Seifried, H Vinyard, BT Perkins, SN Hursting, SD AF Wang, Thomas T. Y. Hudson, Tamaro S. Wang, Tien-Chung Remsberg, Connie M. Davies, Neal M. Takahashi, Yoko Kim, Young S. Seifried, Harold Vinyard, Bryan T. Perkins, Susan N. Hursting, Stephen D. TI Differential effects of resveratrol on androgen-responsive LNCaP human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE PATHWAY; CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENT; ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; APOPTOSIS; GENES; PROLIFERATION; MICE; PHYTOCHEMICALS AB Resveratrol is a phytochemical that has been under consideration for use as a prostate cancer chemopreventive agent. However, the efficacy, as well as the mechanisms of action of resveratrol on prostate cancer prevention, remains largely unknown. This study seeks to address these questions and examine the cancer preventive effects of resveratrol using complementary human LNCaP prostate cancer cell culture and xenograft models. In cultured LNCaP cells, we found that resveratrol inhibited cell growth. The growth inhibitory effects of resveratrol appeared to be through modulation of both androgen-and estrogen-mediated events. Global gene expression analysis using microarrays identified androgen-responsive genes as a group of genes universally affected by resveratrol in LNCaP cells in vitro. The effect of resveratrol on expression of these genes appeared to be through inhibition of bothandrogen-and estrogen-mediated transcription. In a xenograft model, resveratrol delayed LNCaP tumor growth and inhibited expression of a marker for steroid hormone responses. However, exposure to resveratrol also led to increased angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis in the xenograft. In summary, resveratrol may act through modulation of steroid hormone-dependent pathways to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth in both culture and xenografts, but exposure in vivo may be of concern. C1 [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hudson, Tamaro S.] NCI, Lab Cellular Regulat & Carcinogenesis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wang, Tien-Chung] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Remsberg, Connie M.; Davies, Neal M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Remsberg, Connie M.; Davies, Neal M.] Washington State Univ, Pharmacol & Toxicol Grad Program, Coll Pharm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Takahashi, Yoko] Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. [Kim, Young S.; Seifried, Harold] NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Canc Prevent Div, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] ARS, USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Area, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Perkins, Susan N.; Hursting, Stephen D.] Univ Texas Austin, Div Nutr Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hursting, Stephen D.] MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 307C,Room 132, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tom.wang@ars.usda.gov RI Davies, Neal/J-5811-2013 FU United States Department of Agriculture [1235-51530-052-00]; National Cancer Institute; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES007784] FX USA appropriated funds to United States Department of Agriculture project number 1235-51530-052-00 to T. T. Y. W., T.-C. W and B. V.; National Cancer Institute to T. S. H., Y. S. K. and H. S.; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to S. D. H. and S. N. P. (P30ES007784). NR 48 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2001 EP 2010 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgn131 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 356HD UT WOS:000259768400021 PM 18586690 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC AF Lukaski, Henry C. TI Mineral losses during extreme environmental conditions SO CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Tissue-Culture-Society Workshop CY APR 19, 2007 CL Univ Coll London, London, ENGLAND SP European Tissue Culture Soc HO Univ Coll London ID BODY SURFACE LOSS; SWEAT IRON LOSS; WHOLE-BODY; TRACE-METALS; DIETARY ZINC; EXERCISE; EXCRETION; HEAT; BALANCE; MEN C1 Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM henry.lukaski@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0742-2091 J9 CELL BIOL TOXICOL JI Cell Biol. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 466 EP 470 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Toxicology SC Cell Biology; Toxicology GA 340OF UT WOS:000258654200018 ER PT J AU Felby, C Thygesen, LG Kristensen, JB Jorgensen, H Elder, T AF Felby, Claus Thygesen, Lisbeth G. Kristensen, Jan B. Jorgensen, Henning Elder, Thomas TI Cellulose-water interactions during enzymatic hydrolysis as studied by time domain NMR SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE cellulose; hydrolysis; enzymes; time domain NMR ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RELAXATION; WOOD; PAPER AB The different states and locations of water within the cellulose matrix can be studied by the use of time domain low field NMR. In this work we show how the state and location of water associated with cellulose in filter paper fibers are affected by enzymatic hydrolysis. Three locations of water were identified in the filter paper; (1) bound water associated with the microfibril surfaces and (2) water in the cell wall or cellulose matrix and (3) capillary water in the lumens and between fibers. The different mechanisms of cellulase enzymes can be seen in their effect on the cellulose-water interactions and the synergistic effects between endo- and exo enzymes can be easily detected by time domain NMR. An interesting observation is that it is possible to link the state and location of water within the cellulose fiber with structural changes upon enzymatic hydrolysis. C1 [Felby, Claus; Thygesen, Lisbeth G.; Kristensen, Jan B.; Jorgensen, Henning] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Ctr Forest & Landscape, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Elder, Thomas] USDA Forest Serv, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Felby, C (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Ctr Forest & Landscape, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM cf@life.ku.dk RI Jorgensen, Henning/E-1728-2011; OI Jorgensen, Henning/0000-0003-1220-6893; Thygesen, Lisbeth Garbrecht/0000-0001-9685-7460; Felby, Claus/0000-0002-6537-0155 NR 14 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD OCT PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 703 EP 710 DI 10.1007/s10570-008-9222-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 340OH UT WOS:000258654400006 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Green, BT Welch, KD Pfister, JA Panter, KE AF Lee, Stephen T. Green, Benedict T. Welch, Kevin D. Pfister, James A. Panter, Kip E. TI Stereoselective Potencies and Relative Toxicities of Confine Enantiomers SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMLOCK CONIUM-MACULATUM; CROOKED CALF DISEASE; CLEFT-PALATE; POISON HEMLOCK; MATERNAL INGESTION; NEWBORN PIGS; RECEPTOR; ALKALOIDS; CONIINE; MALFORMATIONS AB Coniine, one of the major toxic alkaloids present in poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), occurs in two optically active forms. A comparison of the relative potencies of (+)- and (-)-coniine enantiomers has not been previously reported. In this study, we separated the enantiomers of coniine and determined the biological activity of each enantiomer in vitro and in vivo. The relative potencies of these enantiomers on TE-671 cells expressing human fetal nicotinic neuromuscular receptors had the rank order of (-)-coniine > (+/-)-coniine > (+)-coniine. A mouse bioassay was used to determine the relative lethalities of (-)-, (+/-)-, and (+)-coniine in vivo. The LD50 values of the coniine enantiomers were 7.0, 7.7, and 12.1 mg/kg for the (-)-, (+/-)-, and (+)- forms of coniine, respectively. The results from this study demonstrate that there is a stereoselective difference in the in vitro potencies of the enantiomers of coniine that directly correlates with the relative toxicities of the enantiomers in vivo. C1 [Lee, Stephen T.; Green, Benedict T.; Welch, Kevin D.; Pfister, James A.; Panter, Kip E.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM stephen.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2061 EP 2064 DI 10.1021/tx800229w PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 361SV UT WOS:000260148300023 PM 18763813 ER PT J AU Chang, S Chung-Davidson, YW Bryan, MB Rees, CB Li, WM AF Chang, Steven Chung-Davidson, Yu-Wen Bryan, Mara B. Rees, Christopher B. Li, Weiming TI Neuroendocrine Effects of Goldfish Pheromones on Male Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste CY JUL 21-26, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Chang, Steven; Chung-Davidson, Yu-Wen; Bryan, Mara B.; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rees, Christopher B.] USDA ARS, Biol Sci Lab, Milwaukee, WI USA. RI li, weiming /E-4652-2011; Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013 OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 8 BP S48 EP S48 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 359GE UT WOS:000259973600193 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Yue, W Li, DY Wang, RRC Kong, XY Lu, K Wang, GX Dong, YS Jin, WW Zhang, XY AF Liu, Zhao Yue, Wei Li, Dayong Wang, Richard R-C Kong, Xiuying Lu, Kun Wang, Guixiang Dong, Yushen Jin, Weiwei Zhang, Xueyong TI Structure and dynamics of retrotransposons at wheat centromeres and pericentromeres SO CHROMOSOMA LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENOME EVOLUTION; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; CEREAL CHROMOSOMES; PLANT CENTROMERES; MAIZE CENTROMERES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SATELLITE REPEAT; RICE CENTROMERE AB Little is known of the dynamics of centromeric DNA in polyploid plants. We report the sequences of two centromere-associated bacterial artificial chromosome clones from a Triticum boeoticum library. Both autonomous and non-autonomous wheat centromeric retrotransposons (CRWs) were identified, both being closely associated with the centromeres of wheat. Fiber-fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that wheat centromeric retrotransposons (CRWs) represent a dominant component of the wheat centromere and are associated with centromere function. CRW copy number showed variation among different genomes: the D genome chromosomes contained fewer copies than either the A or B genome chromosomes. The frequency of lengthy continuous CRW arrays was higher than that in either rice or maize. The dynamics of CRWs and other retrotransposons at centromeric and pericentromeric regions during diploid speciation and polyploidization of wheat and its related species are discussed. C1 [Liu, Zhao; Yue, Wei; Li, Dayong; Kong, Xiuying; Lu, Kun; Dong, Yushen; Zhang, Xueyong] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Crop Germplasm & Biotechnol, MOA, Inst Crop Sci,Natl Facil Crop Gene Resources & Ge, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang, Richard R-C] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wang, Guixiang; Jin, Weiwei] China Agr Univ, Natl Maize Improvement Ctr China, Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement & Genome, Minist Agr, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Crop Germplasm & Biotechnol, MOA, Inst Crop Sci,Natl Facil Crop Gene Resources & Ge, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM weiweijin@cau.edu.cn; xueyongz@caas.net.cn FU Natural Science Foundation of China [39870494, 30771208] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. J. Jiang (University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA) for providing the RCS1 plasmid and valuable comments on the manuscript, to Dr. S. Henikoff (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) for the rice CENH3 antibody, to Dr. C. Feuillet (INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France) for providing the 3B centromere-associated BAC clones, to J. Wu (ICS, CAAS) for help with the BAC sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, and to Z. Cheng and L. Mao (ICS, CAAS) for valuable discussion. They also thank www.smartenglish.co.uk for linguistic advice in the preparation of this manuscript. This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (39870494, 30771208). NR 56 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-5915 J9 CHROMOSOMA JI Chromosoma PD OCT PY 2008 VL 117 IS 5 BP 445 EP 456 DI 10.1007/s00412-008-0161-9 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 346KJ UT WOS:000259067100004 PM 18496705 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, Y Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC AF Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Peterson, Brian C. Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. TI Association of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) messenger RNA level, food intake, and growth in channel catfish SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; food intake; growth; CART; gene; selection ID NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; BODY-WEIGHT; IGF-II; GENE; PEPTIDE; EXPRESSION; APPETITE; OBESITY; METABOLISM AB Cocaine-and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) is a potent hypothalamic anorectic peptide in mammals and fish. We hypothesized that increased food intake is associated with changes in expression of CART mRNA within the brain of channel catfish. Objectives were to clone the CART gene, examine tissue CART mRNA distribution, and changes in the amount of CART mRNA in relation to changes in food intake in channel catfish. Our results showed that channel catfish CART was highly similar to those of other fish species, particularly in the biologically active portion of the peptide. Expression of CART mRNA was detected in the brain and testis but not in other somatic tissues. Thirty days of fasting decreased (P<0.05) the amount of CART mRNA within the brain of channel catfish, while refeeding for 15 days restored its amount to a level similar to the fed control. In a separate 7 week feeding study, CART mRNA expression was lower in fish that consumed more food and gained more weight (P<0.05). These results suggest that CART is involved in regulation of food intake in channel catfish, similarly as it has been reported in other fish and mammals. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kobayashi, Yasuhiro] Delta State Univ, Div Biol & Phys Sci, Cleveland, MS 38733 USA. [Peterson, Brian C.; Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Kobayashi, Y (reprint author), Delta State Univ, Div Biol & Phys Sci, Box 3262,1003 W Sunflower Rd, Cleveland, MS 38733 USA. EM kobayashi@deltastate.edu NR 45 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 151 IS 2 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.06.029 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 353HO UT WOS:000259557100010 PM 18644459 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Shaffer, MJ Lal, H McKinney, SP Gross, CM Cover, H AF Delgado, J. A. Shaffer, M. J. Lal, H. McKinney, S. P. Gross, C. M. Cover, H. TI Assessment of nitrogen losses to the environment with a Nitrogen Trading Tool (NTT) SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Nitrate Leaching; nitrogen credits; Nitrogen Trading Tool; NLEAP; NTT; N2O; global warming potential; carbon sequestration equivalents ID WINTER COVER CROPS; WATER-QUALITY; SOIL; TRANSPORT; EROSION; IMPACT; MODEL; RUSLE AB Nitrogen (N) losses from agriculture often contribute to reduced air, groundwater, and surface water quality. The minimization of these N losses is desirable from an environmental standpoint, and a recent interest in discounted reductions of agricultural N losses that might apply to a project downstream from an agricultural area has resulted in the concept of N credits and associated N trading. To help quantify management-induced reductions in N losses at the farm field level (essential components of a Nitrogen Trading Tool), we defined a Nitrogen Trading Tool difference in reactive N losses (NTT-DNLreac) as the comparison between a baseline and new management scenarios. We used a newly released Windows XP version of the Nitrogen Losses and Environmental Assessment Package (NLEAP) simulation model with Geographic Information System (GIS) capabilities (NLEAP-GIS) to assess no-till systems from a humid North Atlantic US site, manure management from a Midwestern US site, and irrigated cropland from an and Western US site. The new NTT-DNLreac can be used to identify the best scenario that shows the greatest potential to maximize field-level savings in reactive N for environmental conservation and potential N credits to trade. A positive NTT-DNLreac means that the new N management practice increases the savings in reactive N with potential to trade these savings as N credits. A negative number means that there is no savings in reactive N and no N available to trade. The new NLEAP-GIS can be used to quickly identify the best scenario that shows the greatest potential to maximize field-level savings in reactive N for environmental conservation and earning N credits for trade. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Delgado, J. A.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Shaffer, M. J.] USDA ARS, Loveland, CO 80538 USA. [Lal, H.; McKinney, S. P.] USDA NRCS, WNTSC, Portland, OR USA. [Gross, C. M.] USDA NRCS, WNTSC, Beltsville, MD USA. [Cover, H.] Vistronix Inc, Portland, OR USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jdelgado@lamar.colostate.edu NR 56 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2008.02.009 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 336MI UT WOS:000258367600011 ER PT J AU Li, LH McMaster, GS Yu, Q Du, J AF Li, Longhui McMaster, Gregory S. Yu, Qiang Du, Jun TI Simulating winter wheat development response to temperature: Modifying Malo's exponential sine equation SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cardinal temperatures; flowering date; phenological model; winter wheat ID LEAF APPEARANCE; MODEL; PHENOLOGY; GROWTH; PREDICTION; RICE AB Predicting crop developmental events is fundamental to simulation models and crop management decisions. Many approaches to predict developmental events have been developed, however, most only simulate the mean time for reaching a developmental event. An exponential sine equation developed by Malo [Malo, J.E., 2002. Modelling unimodal flowering phenology with exponential sine equation. Funct. Ecol. 16,413-418] to predict flower number over time was modified to incorporate the response of crop development rate to temperature. The revised model (ExpSine model) uses the base, optimum, and maximum cardinal temperatures specific to a crop or genotype. Most model parameters were estimated from the literature, and four of the five model parameters have physiological significance. Model evaluation for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was based on two controlled environment studies from the literature and two field experiments conducted in the North China Plain (NCP) and the Tibet Plateau (TPC). The r(2) for the modified temperature response function was 0.74 and 0.91 for two different experiments and compared very well (identical mean r(2)'s) to an existing function (Beta model) [Yin, X., Kropff, M.J., McLaren, G., Visperas, R.M., 1995. A nonlinear model for crop development rate as a function of temperature. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 77, 1-16]. Differences between observed and predicted flowering dates ranged from -2 to 3 days in the NCP and from -7 to 4 days on the TPC, with the mean percent error in both sites less than 1% and no apparent bias observed in the model. This modification of Malo's exponential sine equation expanded the predictive ability of the original equation to simulate phenology across a broader range of environments. The ExpSine model developed can be used as a phenological module in various crop or ecological simulation models. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Longhui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Luanchang Stn, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [McMaster, Gregory S.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Du, Jun] Lhasa Meteorol Bur, Lhasa 850000, Peoples R China. [Li, Longhui] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Li, LH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Luanchang Stn, A11,Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM l_li@itc.nl; Greg.McMaster@ars.usda.gov; yuq@igsnrr.ac.cn RI Li, Longhui/C-7214-2013; Yu, Qiang/D-3702-2009; OI Yu, Qiang/0000-0001-6950-1821; li, long hui/0000-0002-2099-6744 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2008.03.006 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 336MI UT WOS:000258367600018 ER PT J AU Philpott, SM Arendt, WJ Armbrecht, I Bichier, P Diestch, TV Gordon, C Greenberg, R Perfecto, I Reynoso-Santos, R Soto-Pinto, L Tejeda-Cruz, C Williams-Linera, G Valenzuela, J Zolotoff, JM AF Philpott, Stacy M. Arendt, Wayne J. Armbrecht, Inge Bichier, Peter Diestch, Thomas V. Gordon, Caleb Greenberg, Russell Perfecto, Ivette Reynoso-Santos, Roberto Soto-Pinto, Lorena Tejeda-Cruz, Cesar Williams-Linera, Guadalupe Valenzuela, Jorge Zolotoff, Jost Manuel TI Biodiversity Loss in Latin American Coffee Landscapes: Review of the Evidence on Ants, Birds, and Trees SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE agroecosystem; biodiversity; coffee production systems; meta-analysis; shade-grown coffee; site characteristic; sun-grown coffee ID FILE-DRAWER PROBLEM; TRAP-NESTING BEES; SHADE COFFEE; SPECIES RICHNESS; NATURAL ENEMIES; SOUTHERN MEXICO; CONSERVATION; PLANTATIONS; CHIAPAS; FOREST AB Studies have documented biodiversity losses due to intensification of coffee management (reduction in canopy richness and complexity). Nevertheless, questions remain regarding relative sensitivity of different taxa, habitat specialists, and functional groups, and whether implications for biodiversity conservation vary across regions. We quantitatively reviewed data from ant, bird and tree biodiverstiy studies in coffee agroecosystes to address the following questions: Does species richness in coffee-management individual vegetation characteristics? Are there significant losses of species richness in coffee-management and Are ants or birds more strongly affected by intensification? Across studies, ant and bird richness declined with management intensification and with changes in vegetation. Species richness of all ants and birds and of forest ant and bird species was lower in most coffee agroecosystems than in forests, but rustic coffee (grown under native forest canopies) had equal or greater ant and bird richness than nearby forests. Sun coffee (grown without canopy trees) sustained the highest species losses, and species loss of forest ant, bird, and tree species increased with management intensify. Losses of ant and bird species were similar, although losses of forest ants were more drastic in rustic coffee. Richness of migratory birds and of birds that forage across vegetation strata was less affected by intensification than richness of resident, canopy, and understory bird species. Rustic farms protected more species than other coffee systems, and loss of species depended greatly on habitat specialization and functional trails. We recommend that forest be protected, rustic coffee be promoted, and intensive coffee farms be restored by augmenting native tree density and richness and allowing growth of epiphytes. We also recommend that future research focus on potential trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and farmer livelihoods stemming from coffee production. C1 [Philpott, Stacy M.; Bichier, Peter; Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Arendt, Wayne J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00773 USA. [Armbrecht, Inge] Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Cali 25360, Colombia. [Diestch, Thomas V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gordon, Caleb] Lake Forest Coll, Dept Biol, Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA. [Perfecto, Ivette] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Reynoso-Santos, Roberto] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias Pacif, Ocozocoautla 29140, Chiapas, Mexico. [Soto-Pinto, Lorena] Colegio Frontera Sur, San Cristobal de las Casa 29200, Chiapas, Mexico. [Tejeda-Cruz, Cesar; Williams-Linera, Guadalupe] Inst Ecol, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. [Zolotoff, Jost Manuel] Fdn Cocibolca, Managua, Nicaragua. RP Philpott, SM (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM stacy.philpott@utoledo.edu RI Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011; Trejo, Yesenia/D-9257-2012; Williams-Linera, Guadalupe/C-1242-2014 OI Williams-Linera, Guadalupe/0000-0001-6341-6570 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; National Science Foundation [DEB-0553768]; [SEMARNAT-202-CO1-00194] FX We thank all researchers who contributed data and the reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. R. Chazdon and D. Griffith gave critical support and encouragement for the paper. This work was conducted as a part of the Biodiversity and Conservation Value of Agricultural Landscapes of Mesoamerica Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by National Science Foundation (grant #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. C. Gordon, C. Tejeda, J. Valenzuela, and G. Williams-Linera acknowledge support of SEMARNAT-202-CO1-00194 and J.V. thanks L. Quiroz for ant identification assistance. NR 48 TC 130 Z9 139 U1 11 U2 124 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1093 EP 1105 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01029.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363FA UT WOS:000260252000005 PM 18759777 ER PT J AU Tiehen, L Jacknowitz, A AF Tiehen, Laura Jacknowitz, Alison TI WHY WAIT?: EXAMINING DELAYED WIC PARTICIPATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRENATAL-CARE; MEDICAID COSTS; PROGRAM; OUTCOMES AB Despite the benefits of prenatal participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), many eligible women either do not participate or begin participation late in their pregnancies. Using recent nationally representative data, we find that more disadvantaged women are more likely to access WIC and, with some notable exceptions, to participate earlier in their pregnancies. Hispanic women, especially those with language difficulties, enroll in WIC later in their pregnancies. Early WIC participation, particularly among teenagers, is less likely among women experiencing a first birth and depends on the mother's early recognition of her pregnancy. (JEL I18, I30) C1 [Tiehen, Laura] US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Jacknowitz, Alison] American Univ, Dept Publ Adm, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Tiehen, L (reprint author), US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM ltiehen@ers.usda.gov; jacknowi@american.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD OCT PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 518 EP 538 DI 10.1111/j.1465-7287.2008.00101.x PG 21 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 358GX UT WOS:000259906200002 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Kibblewhite-Accinelli, RE Smith, MR Wagschal, K Orts, WJ Wong, DWS AF Lee, Charles C. Kibblewhite-Accinelli, Rena E. Smith, Michael R. Wagschal, Kurt Orts, William J. Wong, Dominic W. S. TI Cloning of Bacillus licheniformis xylanase gene and characterization of recombinant enzyme SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROLASES; RESIDUES AB Hemicellulose is a major component of lignocellulose biomass. Complete degradation of this substrate requires several different enzymatic activities, including xylanase. We isolated a strain of Bacillus licheniformis from a hot springs environment that exhibited xylanase activity. A gene encoding a 23-kDa xylanase enzyme, Xyn11, was cloned, and the recombinant protein was expressed in an Escherichia coli host and biochemically characterized. The optimum activity of the enzyme was at pH 5-7 and 40-50 degrees C. The enzyme was stable at temperatures up to 50 degrees C. Against birchwood xylan, the enzyme had an apparent K(m) of 6.7 mg/mL and V(max) of 379 mu mol/min/mg. C1 [Lee, Charles C.; Kibblewhite-Accinelli, Rena E.; Smith, Michael R.; Wagschal, Kurt; Orts, William J.; Wong, Dominic W. S.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Charles.C.Lee@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 57 IS 4 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s00284-008-9193-x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 340OI UT WOS:000258654500006 PM 18612683 ER PT J AU Swarbrick, MM Stanhope, KL Austrheim-Smith, IT Van Loan, MD Ali, MR Wolfe, BM Havel, PJ AF Swarbrick, M. M. Stanhope, K. L. Austrheim-Smith, I. T. Van Loan, M. D. Ali, M. R. Wolfe, B. M. Havel, P. J. TI Longitudinal changes in pancreatic and adipocyte hormones following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE clinical science; cytokines; gastro-entero pancreatic factors; human; insulin sensitivity and resistance; other hormones; other islet cells/hormones; weight regulation and obesity ID MORBIDLY OBESE SUBJECTS; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; WEIGHT-LOSS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; SERUM RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN-4; DIABETES-MELLITUS; BARIATRIC SURGERY; PLASMA-LEVELS; PROTEIN AB Aims/hypothesis Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity, as in addition to dramatic weight loss, co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes are frequently resolved. Although altered gastrointestinal peptide hormone secretion and its relationship with post-surgical improvements in insulin sensitivity has been studied, much less is known about long-term changes in pancreatic and adipose tissue-derived hormones. Our objective was to conduct a comprehensive longitudinal investigation of the endocrine changes following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGBP), focusing on pancreatic and adipocyte hormones and systemic markers of inflammation. Methods Nineteen severely obese women (BMI 45.6 +/- 1.6 kg/m(2)) were studied prior to RYGBP, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after RYGBP. Body composition was assessed before surgery and at 1 and 12 months. Results Pre-surgical adiposity was correlated with circulating adipocyte hormones (leptin, visfatin) and inflammatory molecules (IL-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). As expected, RYGBP reduced fat mass and fasting insulin and glucose concentrations. In addition, reductions of fasting pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and glucagon concentrations were observed at 1 and 3 months, respectively. In the 12 months following RYGBP, concentrations of most adipocyte hormones (leptin, acylation-stimulating hormone and visfatin, but not retinol-binding hormone-4) and inflammatory molecules (IL-6, hsCRP and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1) were significantly reduced. Reductions of insulin resistance (measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) were independently associated with changes of glucagon, visfatin and PP. Pre-surgical HMW adiponectin concentrations independently predicted losses of body weight and fat mass. Conclusions/interpretation These results suggest that pancreatic and adipocyte hormones may contribute to the long-term resolution of insulin resistance after RYGBP. C1 [Swarbrick, M. M.; Stanhope, K. L.; Havel, P. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Swarbrick, M. M.; Stanhope, K. L.; Van Loan, M. D.; Havel, P. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Austrheim-Smith, I. T.; Ali, M. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Van Loan, M. D.] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Wolfe, B. M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Havel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjhavel@ucdavis.edu FU NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000002]; NCCIH NIH HHS [R21 AT002993, R21 AT000293, AT 00293, R21 AT002599, AT 002599]; NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR024146, UL1 RR 024146]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 075675, R01 HL075675] NR 46 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD OCT PY 2008 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1901 EP 1911 DI 10.1007/s00125-008-1118-5 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 344WQ UT WOS:000258958400020 PM 18704364 ER PT J AU Cancienne, RM Fox, GA Simon, A AF Cancienne, Rachel M. Fox, Garey A. Simon, Andrew TI Influence of seepage undercutting on the stability of root-reinforced streambanks SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE riparian vegetation; root reinforcement; seepage erosion; soil pore-water pressure; streambank stability ID PIPING SAPPING EROSION; GROUND-WATER SEEPAGE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SEDIMENT LOADS; BANK EROSION; TREE ROOTS; STRENGTH; RIVER; PRECIPITATION; TRANSPORT AB Several mechanisms contribute to streambank failure including fluvial toe undercutting, reduced soil shear strength by increased soil pore-water pressure, and seepage erosion. Recent research has suggested that seepage erosion of noncohesive soil layers undercutting the banks may play an equivalent role in streambank failure to increased soil pore-water pressure. However this past research has primarily been limited to laboratory studies of non-vegetated banks. The objective of this research was to utilize the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) in order to determine the importance of seepage undercutting relative to bank shear strength, bank angle, soil pore-water pressure, and root reinforcement. The BSTEM simulated two streambanks: Little Topashaw Creek and Good-win Creek in northern Mississippi. Simulations included three bank angles (70 degrees to 90 degrees), four pore-water pressure distributions (unsaturated, two partially saturated cases, and fully saturated), six distances of' undercutting (0 to 41) cm), and 13 different vegetation conditions (root cohesions from 0.0 to 15.0 kPa). A relative sensitivity analysis suggested that BSTEM was approximately three to four times more sensitive to water table position than root cohesion or depth of' seepage undercutting. Seepage undercutting becomes a prominent bank failure mechanism on unsaturated to partially saturated streambanks with root reinforcement, even with undercutting distances as small as 20 cm. Consideration of seepage undercutting is less important under condition.,; of' partially to fully saturated soil pore-water conditions. The distance at which instability by undercutting became equivalent to instability, by increased soil pore-water pressure decreased as root reinforcement increased, with values typically ranging between 20 and 40 cm at Little Topashaw Creek and between 20 and 55 cm at Goodwin Creek. This research depicts the baseline conditions at which seepage undercutting of vegetated streambanks needs to be considered for hank stabilitv analyses. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cancienne, Rachel M.; Fox, Garey A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Simon, Andrew] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 120 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM garey.fox@okstate.edu NR 53 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1769 EP 1786 DI 10.1002/esp.1657 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 364WO UT WOS:000260366500009 ER PT J AU Huang, N Shi, F Van Pelt, RS AF Huang, Ning Shi, Feng Van Pelt, R. Scott TI The effects of slope and slope position on local and upstream fluid threshold friction velocities SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE upstream fluid threshold friction velocity; local fluid threshold friction velocity; particle position; flow acceleration ID AIR-FLOW; STOSS SLOPE; PARTICLE ENTRAINMENT; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; TRANSVERSE DUNES; WIND-TUNNEL; DYNAMICS; STRESS; MODEL AB In deserts, dunes are common aeolian landforms, and parallel ridges are common in cultivated land. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to simulate a stable wind blowing over slope beds of varying height and coupled with the slope-compensating fluid threshold friction velocity formula. The model accurately reproduced patterns of flow deceleration at the slope toe and stoss flow acceleration. Based on the CFD-based model, quantitative analyses of slope gradient and particle position on the initiation of particle movement are performed. Results indicate that the slope has a great influence on particle saltation in the windward slope, and the initiation of particle movement is particularly sensitive to particle position with respect to the slope. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Huang, Ning; Shi, Feng] Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ China, Dept Mech, Key Lab Mech Disaster & Environm Western China, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Van Pelt, R. Scott] USDA ARS, Wind Eras & Water Conservat Res Unit, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Huang, N (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ China, Dept Mech, Key Lab Mech Western Disaster & Environm, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. EM huangn@lzu.edu.cn FU NSFC [10532040]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40571018, 10772073]; Ministry of Education of China; Science Fund of the Ministry of Education of China [20060730014] FX This research work was supported by a grant of part from the Key Project of NSFC (Grant No. 10532040). the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40571018; 10772073). the New Century Outstanding Talent of the Ministry of Education of China. and the Science Fund of the Ministry of Education of China for PhD Program (Grant No. 20060730014). The authors sincerely appreciate this support. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers and editors for their thoughtful comments which helped to improve and clarify the manuscript. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1814 EP 1823 DI 10.1002/esp.1735 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 371DA UT WOS:000260810800003 ER PT J AU Buschiazzo, DE Zobeck, TM AF Buschiazzo, Daniel E. Zobeck, Ted M. TI Validation of WEQ, RWEQ and WEPS wind erosion for different arable land management systems in the Argentinean Pampas SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE erosion prediction models; wind erosion; semiarid regions ID FIELD; SOIL AB Wind erosion is an important soil degradation process in the semi-arid Pampas of Argentina, but no attempts have been made to predict the process in this region. One limitation for the use of event-based wind erosion prediction models is the lack of reliable climatic data to initiate these models. As an effort to apply wind erosion models, we compared field wind erosion measurements carried out during 4 years in a bare soil reference plot (RP) and during 3 years in the same soil with different tillage conditions: conventional (CT) and no-till (NT). Wind erosion was predicted with: (1) subroutines for single storm event versions of the wind erosion prediction system (WEPS) and the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ), for which the climatic data of each single storm were used, and (2) the wind erosion equation (W-EQ) for full rotation periods, for which long-term climatic records (1961-2004) were used. Wind erosion field measurements were carried out with BSNE samplers in 1-ha plots. Regression of predicted soil erosion rates from WEPS (y = 0.5192x + 0.0589, R 2 = 0.89) and RWEQ (y = 0.5691x - 7.071, R(2) = 0.90) predictions with field measurements of soil erosion rates obtained in RP (54.51 kg m(-1) on average) were highly significant, but both models underestimated wind erosion by 40-45 per cent. Predictions of wind erosion made with RWEQ were highly sensitive to variations in the soil crusting factor (SCF), varying from 60.5 t m(-1) when predictions for a single storm were made using the SCF default data to 0.699 t m(-1) when SCIF was deduced from visual field observations. The WEQ predictions agreed adequately with measured erosion for 16 rotation periods either when using a climatic C factor value of 92, corresponding to the 1961-2004 period (y = 0.9422r - 1.9248, R(2) = 0.96) or a C factor value of 80, corresponding to the moister 1985-2004 period (y = 0.7612x - 1.5543, R(2) = 0-96). Neither WEPS nor RWEQ predicted the low amounts measured in CT and NT (3.86 kg m(-1) on average) for storms lasting approximately 24 hours. High plant or residue soil coverage as well as high oriented surface roughness eliminated erosion according to WEPS and RWEQ. These results indicated that WEQ can be used as a reliable prediction model for long-term predictions of wind erosion in the semi-arid Pampas, even when run with limited available climatic data for this region. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Buschiazzo, Daniel E.] INTA Anguil, RA-6326 Anguil, Argentina. [Buschiazzo, Daniel E.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Zobeck, Ted M.] USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Buschiazzo, DE (reprint author), INTA Anguil, CC 11, RA-6326 Anguil, Argentina. EM buschiazzo@agro.unlpam.edu.or RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 FU Eppley Foundation for Research; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas [PIP 2107]; Facultad de Agronomia; UNLPam [Proyecto Nr. 4/00]; SECYT Argentina [PICTo 08-13166] FX This study was funded by Eppley Foundation for Research, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET, Argentina, PIP 2107), Facultad de Agronomia, UNLPam (Proyecto Nr. 4/00), and SECYT Argentina (PICTo 08-13166). Authors wish to thank to Ed Skidmore, Lawrence Hagen, John Tatarko and Larry Wagner of WERU, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, Kansas, for providing the 'stand-alone' version of WEPS. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1839 EP 1850 DI 10.1002/esp.1738 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 371DA UT WOS:000260810800005 ER PT J AU Anthony, RG Estes, JA Ricca, MA Miles, AK Forsman, ED AF Anthony, Robert G. Estes, James A. Ricca, Mark A. Miles, A. Keith Forsman, Eric D. TI BALD EAGLES AND SEA OTTERS IN THE ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO: INDIRECT EFFECTS OF TROPHIC CASCADES SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; Alaska; USA; Bald Eagles; coastal marine communities; diets; Enhydra lutris; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; productivity; sea otters; trophic cascades ID KELP FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; POPULATION DECLINES; AMCHITKA ISLAND; NATIONAL-PARK; COMMUNITY; STRENGTH; WOLVES; ALASKA AB Because sea otters (Enhydra lutris) exert a wide array of direct and indirect effects on coastal marine ecosystems throughout their geographic range, we investigated the potential influence of sea otters on the ecology of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. We studied the diets, productivity, and density of breeding Bald Eagles on four islands during 1993-1994 and 2000-2002, when sea otters were abundant and scarce, respectively. Bald Eagles depend on nearshore marine communities for most of their prey in this ecosystem, so we predicted that the recent decline in otter populations would have an indirect negative effect on diets and demography of Bald Eagles. Contrary to our predictions, we found no effects on density of breeding pairs on four islands from 1993-1994 to 2000-2002. In contrast, diets and diet diversity of Bald Eagles changed considerably between the two time periods, likely reflecting a change in prey availability resulting from the increase and subsequent decline in sea otter populations. The frequency of sea otter pups, rock greenling (Hexagammus lagocephalus), and smooth lumpsuckers (Aptocyclus ventricosus) in the eagle's diet declined with corresponding increases in Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus), Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens), Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius), and various species of seabirds during the period of the recent otter population decline. Breeding success and productivity of Bald Eagles also increased during this time period, which may be due to the higher nutritional quality of avian prey consumed in later years. Our results provide further evidence of the wide-ranging indirect effects of sea otter predation on nearshore marine communities and another apex predator, the Bald Eagle. Although the indirect effects of sea otters are widely known, this example is unique because the food-web pathway transcended five species and several trophic levels in linking one apex predator to another. C1 [Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Western Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ricca, Mark A.; Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Forsman, Eric D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Anthony, RG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Robert.anthony@orst.edu NR 62 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 10 U2 77 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 10 BP 2725 EP 2735 DI 10.1890/07-1818.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 359NW UT WOS:000259995100007 PM 18959310 ER PT J AU Johnson, NC Rowland, DL Corkidi, L Allen, EB AF Johnson, Nancy Collins Rowland, Diane L. Corkidi, Lea Allen, Edith B. TI PLANT WINNERS AND LOSERS DURING GRASSLAND N-EUTROPHICATION DIFFER IN BIOMASS ALLOCATION AND MYCORRHIZAS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agropyron repens; allocation plasticity; Andropogon gerardii; arbuscular mycorrhizas; Cedar Creek Natural History Area; functional equilibrium model; Konza Prairie Research Natural Area; LTER site; mycorrhizal feedback; nitrogen eutrophication; Panicum virgatum; root : shoot ratio ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION GRADIENT; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; NUTRIENT-ENRICHMENT; SEMIARID GRASSLANDS; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; MINERAL-NUTRITION; WILD PLANTS; FERTILIZATION; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS AB Human activities release tremendous amounts of nitrogenous compounds into the atmosphere. Wet and dry deposition distributes this airborne nitrogen (N) on otherwise pristine ecosystems. This eutrophication process significantly alters the species composition of native grasslands; generally a few nitrophilic plant species become dominant while many other species disappear. The functional equilibrium model predicts that, compared to species that decline in response to N enrichment, nitrophilic grass species should respond to N enrichment with greater biomass allocation aboveground and reduced allocation to roots and mycorrhizas. The mycorrhizal feedback hypothesis states that the composition of mycorrhizal fungal communities may influence the composition of plant communities, and it predicts that N enrichment may generate reciprocal shifts in the species composition of mycorrhizal fungi and plants. We tested these hypotheses with experiments that compared biomass allocation and mycorrhizal function of four grass ecotypes ( three species), two that gained and two that lost biomass and cover in response to long-term N enrichment experiments at Cedar Creek and Konza Long-Term Ecological Research grasslands. Local grass ecotypes were grown in soil from their respective sites and inoculated with whole-soil inoculum collected from either fertilized (FERT) or unfertilized (UNFERT) plots. Our results strongly support the functional equilibrium model. In both grassland systems the nitrophilic grass species grew taller, allocated more biomass to shoots than to roots, and formed fewer mycorrhizas compared to the grass species that it replaced. Our results did not fully support the hypothesis that N-induced changes in the mycorrhizal fungal community were drivers of the plant community shifts that accompany N eutrophication. The FERT and UNFERT soil inoculum influenced the growth of the grasses differently, but this varied with site and grass ecotype in both expected and unexpected ways suggesting that ambient soil fertility or other factors may be interacting with mycorrhizal feedbacks. C1 [Johnson, Nancy Collins; Rowland, Diane L.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Rowland, Diane L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. [Corkidi, Lea; Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Corkidi, Lea] Tree Life Nursery, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92693 USA. RP Johnson, NC (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, POB 5694, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Nancy.Johnson@nau.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-9527317, DEB-03116136, DEB-9526564] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their extensive insights and suggestions on a previous version of this manuscript. We also thank Rick Johnson, Brad Blake, Brantley Beene-Crowder, Kendall Beene-Crowder, Cherri Church, Tonya Rowell, and Todd Wojtowicz for their assistance with the greenhouse trials; Troy Mielke and Gail Wilson for their help getting soils and seed from the LTER sites; and Oliver Johnson and Justin Gallen for data entry. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation grants DEB-9527317 and DEB-03116136 to N. C. Johnson and DEB-9526564 to E. B. Allen, plus Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) supplements to these grants. NR 41 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 61 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 10 BP 2868 EP 2878 DI 10.1890/07-1394.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 359NW UT WOS:000259995100021 PM 18959324 ER PT J AU Potts, DL Scott, RL Cable, JM Huxman, TE Williams, DG AF Potts, Daniel L. Scott, Russell L. Cable, Jessica M. Huxman, Travis E. Williams, David G. TI SENSITIVITY OF MESQUITE SHRUBLAND CO2 EXCHANGE TO PRECIPITATION IN CONTRASTING LANDSCAPE SETTINGS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eddy covariance; flux duration analysis; net ecosystem CO2 exchange; photosynthesis; plant-water relations; Prosopis velutina; respiration ID WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; MOJAVE DESERT SHRUBS; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; WATER-USE; SEASONAL PRECIPITATION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL TEXTURE AB In semiarid ecosystems, physiography (landscape setting) may interact with woody-plant and soil microbe communities to constrain seasonal exchanges of material and energy at the ecosystem scale. In an upland and riparian shrubland, we examined the seasonally dynamic linkage between ecosystem CO2 exchange, woody-plant water status and photosynthesis, and soil respiration responses to summer rainfall. At each site, we compared tower-based measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) with ecophysiological measurements among velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina Woot.) in three size classes and soil respiration in sub-canopy and inter-canopy micro-sites. Monsoonal rainfall influenced a greater shift in the magnitude of ecosystem CO2 assimilation in the upland shrubland than in the riparian shrubland. Mesquite water status and photosynthetic gas exchange were closely linked to the onset of the North American monsoon in the upland shrubland. In contrast, the presence of shallow alluvial groundwater in the riparian shrubland caused larger size classes of mesquite to be physiologically insensitive to monsoonal rains. In both shrublands, soil respiration was greatest beneath mesquite canopies and was coupled to shallow soil moisture abundance. Physiography, through its constraint on the physiological sensitivity of deeply rooted woody plants, may interact with plant-mediated rates of soil respiration to affect the sensitivity of semiarid-ecosystem carbon exchange in response to episodic rainfall. C1 [Potts, Daniel L.; Cable, Jessica M.; Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Cable, Jessica M.; Williams, David G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Williams, David G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Potts, DL (reprint author), SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Biol, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. EM pottsdl@buffalostate.edu RI Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9876800]; NSF [DEB-0415977]; USDA-ARS; University of Arizona FX C. Holmgren, W. Cable, G. Barron-Gafford, N. Pierce, M. Pavao-Zuckerman, K. Gilliam, A. Hazard, and A. Teague assisted in the field and laboratory. S. Archer kindly provided an LI-6400 for use in this experiment. This work was supported in part by SAHRA (Sustainability of Semiarid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC program of the National Science Foundation, Agreement No. EAR-9876800 and NSF award DEB-0415977 to T. E. Huxman, D. G. Williams, and R. L. Scott. The USDA-ARS and the University of Arizona provided additional financial and material support. NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 10 BP 2900 EP 2910 DI 10.1890/07-1177.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 359NW UT WOS:000259995100024 PM 18959327 ER PT J AU Kuhn, DN Motamayor, JC Meerow, AW Borrone, JW Schnell, RJ AF Kuhn, David N. Motamayor, Juan Carlos Meerow, Alan W. Borrone, James W. Schnell, Raymond J. TI SSCP markers provide a useful alternative to microsatellites in genotyping and estimating genetic diversity in populations and germplasm collections of plant specialty crops SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Microscale Separations and Analysis CY DEC 17-19, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE Genetic distance; Germplasm collections; Microsatellites; Population genetics; SSCP markers ID THEOBROMA-CACAO L.; CAPILLARY ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; COCONUT COCOS-NUCIFERA; CANDIDATE GENES; POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; RESISTANCE; LOCI; ALLELES; DNA; IDENTIFICATION AB For well-studied plant species with whole genome sequence or extensive EST data, SNP markers are the logical choice for both genotyping and whole genome association studies. However, SNP markers may not address the needs of researchers working on specialty crops with limited available genomic information. Microsatellite markers have been frequently employed due to their robustness, but marker development can be difficult and may result in few polymorphic markers. SSCP markers, such as microsatellites, are PCR-based and scored by electrophoretic mobility but, because they are based on SNPs rather than length differences, occur more frequently and are easier to develop than microsatellites. We have examined how well correlated the estimation of genetic diversity and genetic distance are in a population or germplasm collection when measured by 13 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers or 20 SSCP markers. We observed a significant correlation in pairwise genetic distances of 82 individuals in an international cacao germplasm collection (Mantel test R-xy = 0.59, p<0.0001 for 10 000 permutations). Both sets of markers could distinguish each individual in the population. These data provide strong support for the use of SSCP markers in the genotyping of plant species where development of microsatellites would be difficult or expensive. C1 [Kuhn, David N.; Motamayor, Juan Carlos; Meerow, Alan W.; Borrone, James W.; Schnell, Raymond J.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Motamayor, Juan Carlos] Mars Inc, Hackettstown, NJ USA. RP Kuhn, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM David.Kuhn@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 29 IS 19 BP 4096 EP 4108 DI 10.1002/elps.200700937 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 374NB UT WOS:000261049400018 PM 18958880 ER PT J AU Peterson, AT Bush, SE Spackman, E Swayne, DE Ip, HS AF Peterson, A. Townsend Bush, Sarah E. Spackman, Erica Swayne, David E. Ip, Hon S. TI Influenza A virus infections in land birds, People's Republic of China SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA; WILD BIRDS; ECOLOGY; SPREAD AB Water birds are considered the reservoir for avian influenza viruses. We examined this assumption by sampling and real-time reverse transcription-PCR testing of 939 Asian land birds of 153 species. Influenza A infection was found, particularly among migratory species. Surveillance programs for monitoring spread of these viruses need to be redesigned. C1 [Peterson, A. Townsend] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Spackman, Erica; Swayne, David E.] USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. RP Peterson, AT (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Dyche Hall,6th Floor, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM town@ku.edu OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0344430]; Avian Influenza Current Research Information System [6612-32000-048-00D]; National Biological Information Infrastructure of the US Department of the Interior FX We thank our numerous field companions, particularly ornithologists B. W. Benz, R. L. Boyd, D. H. Clayton, T. Davis, A. S. Nydri, and M. B. Robbins, for their assistance and hard work; G. Chen for organizing all logistics and obtaining permits for sampling trips; D. H. Clayton for assisting with sampling birds for influenza; and S. Lee, J. Beek, K Griffin, and E. Sorley for assisting with sample processing and vir-us testing.; This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant DEB-0344430 to A.T.P and colleagues), the Avian Influenza Current Research Information System project (no. 6612-32000-048-00D to E.S. and D.E.S.) and the National Biological Information Infrastructure of the US Department of the Interior.; Dr Peterson is professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the Biodiversity Institute of the University of Kansas. His reT search interests include many aspects of geographic distributions of species, including the geography and ecology of filoviruses and other disease systems. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1644 EP 1646 DI 10.3201/eid1410.080169 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 357JK UT WOS:000259841900024 PM 18826836 ER PT J AU Burks, CS Higbee, BS Brandl, DG Mackey, BE AF Burks, Charles S. Higbee, Bradley S. Brandl, David G. Mackey, Bruce E. TI Sampling and pheromone trapping for comparison of abundance of Amyelois transitella in almonds and pistachios SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE navel orangeworm; California; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; Prunus amygdalus; Pistacia vera; sanitation; temperature; Rosaceae; Anacardiaceae ID NAVEL ORANGEWORM LEPIDOPTERA; TIP MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; CALIFORNIA; ORCHARDS; COMMUNICATION; TORTRICIDAE; TRAPS AB The navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is the primary insect pest of almonds, Prunus amygdalus Batsch (Rosaceae), and pistachios, Pistacia vera L. (Anacardiaceae), in California, USA. Abundance of A. transitella was compared between these crops by examining total and infested mummy nuts collected in trees and on the ground between January and March in 2003 and 2004, and by examining the number of males captured in sticky traps baited with virgin females as a pheromone source during the subsequent growing seasons. There was an 8-9-fold greater density of total mummies (potential hosts) in pistachios compared to almonds. The proportion of mummies infested was not significantly different between the crops in 2003, but significantly more almond than pistachio mummies were infested in 2004. In 2003, the average density of infested mummies per hectare was greater in pistachios than in almonds, but in 2004 the converse was true. Examination of meteorological data did not suggest an explanation for more live A. transitella per infested mummy in almonds in 2004. The number of males captured in pistachios was consistently greater than the number captured in almonds, particularly during the second flight in June and July. The number of males captured in sticky traps in the summer was more strongly associated with the total mummy density in the sanitation survey of the previous winter than with the density of infested mummies. We conclude that the overall density of mummy nuts serving as potential oviposition sites prior to the next year's crop has a greater impact on the abundance of A. transitella during the growing season and subsequent harvest than does the density of infested mummies. The implications for the ecology and management of this pest species are discussed. C1 [Burks, Charles S.; Brandl, David G.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Higbee, Bradley S.] Paramount Farming Co, Bakersfield, CA 93308 USA. [Mackey, Bruce E.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Burks, CS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM charles.burks@ars.usda.gov OI Burks, Charles/0000-0003-0242-8644 FU Paramount Farming Company; Almond Board of California; California Pistachio Commission FX Michael Bryant, Amanda Bulls, Jennifer Estrada, Reuben Larrois, Maria Madrigal, and Lori Smith provided technical support. We are grateful to Paramount Farming Company for allowing us to perform these studies on their properties, and to the Almond Board of California and the California Pistachio Commission for partial support of this project. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 129 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00754.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 348KM UT WOS:000259209400009 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, Wee L. TI Mortality of Rhagoletis indifferens exposed to hydrolyzed protein baits and spinosad in the absence and presence of yeast extract SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE western cherry fruit fly; Diptera; Tephritidae; GF-120; Nu-Lure; Mazoferm; sugar ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; FLIES DIPTERA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; FEEDING RESPONSES; POMONELLA DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; GF-120; SPRAYS; ATTRACTION; FOOD AB Western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the major quarantine pest of sweet cherry, Prunus avium (L.) L. (Rosaceae), in the Pacific northwest of the USA and in British Columbia in Canada. Although spinosad bait (GF-120 NF Naturalyte (R) Fruit Fly Bait) is used for the control of R. indifferens in this region, the effects of alternate food sources on fly responses to this bait have not been studied. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine mortalities of flies exposed to hydrolyzed protein baits in the presence of sugar only and sugar + yeast extract food. All baits contained Entrust (R) (termed 'spinosad alone'). When flies were exposed to GF-120 with or without added ammonia compounds (uric acid, ammonium acetate, and ammonium carbonate) for 48 h, mortalities were higher in the presence of sugar only than in the presence of sugar + yeast extract, but when flies were exposed to spinosad alone, mortalities were similar in presence of either of the two foods. In another experiment comparing GF-120, Nu-Lure, Mazoferm, Baker's yeast extract, and spinosad alone, mortalities in the GF-120, Mazoferm, and Baker's yeast extract treatments were higher in the presence of sugar only than in the presence of sugar + yeast extract, but in the Nu-Lure and spinosad alone treatments, mortalities were similar in the presence of either of the two foods. Overall results suggest that the indirect effects of yeast extract food on mortality are dependent on bait type and that mortalities caused by spinosad alone and baits are similar. Nu-Lure and spinosad alone may have an advantage over other treatments for fly control, because their effects do not appear to be affected by the presence of nitrogenous food. C1 ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov FU Oregon Sweet Cherry and Washington Tree Fruit Research Commissions FX I thank Katie Mackie, Janine Jewett, and Julie Schlaman (USDA-ARS) for assistance; Joe Morse (University of California, Riverside), Steve Garczynski (USDA-ARS), and Peter Landolt (USDA-ARS) for helpful comments on the manuscript; and Dave Horton (USDA-ARS) for help with statistics. This study was partially funded by the Oregon Sweet Cherry and Washington Tree Fruit Research Commissions. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for its use by USDA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 129 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00753.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 348KM UT WOS:000259209400010 ER PT J AU Jones, DB Giles, KL Elliott, NC AF Jones, Douglas B. Giles, Kristopher L. Elliott, Norman C. TI Supercooling Points of Lysiphlebus testaceipes and Its Host Schizaphis graminum SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lysiphlebus testaceipes; Schizaphis graminum; supercooling point; winter hardiness ID INSECT COLD-HARDINESS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; APHID PARASITOIDS; HYMENOPTERA; MORTALITY; WHEAT; HOMOPTERA; HEMIPTERA; SURVIVAL; GREENBUG AB Supercooling points (SCPs) were measured for various life stages of male and female Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) parasitoids, along with mummies and its aphid host, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). Some parasitoids were acclimated (4 h at 10 degrees C before cooling down to the SCP) to determine whether this could significantly lower the SCP. Acclimation did not improve SCPs for L. testaceipes. An inverse relationship between age of the adult parasitoid and its SCP was detected. Nonacclimated male and female parasitoids older than 12 h after emergence spontaneously froze at the warmest mean temperatures (-20.32 +/- 1.32 and -22.55 +/- 0.62 degrees C [SE], respectively). Younger female adult parasitoids (<6 h after emergence) and mummies had mean SCPs less than -26 degrees C. The SCP for the green bug host was slightly warmer at -25.98 +/- 0.10 degrees C. Knowledge of SCPs for L. testaceipes and its host S. graminum help provide insights about their ability to successfully function throughout the winter in the southern Great Plains. C1 [Jones, Douglas B.] Univ Illinois Extens, Mt Vernon Ctr, Mt Vernon, IL 62864 USA. [Giles, Kristopher L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Elliott, Norman C.] USDA ARS, PSWCRL, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Jones, DB (reprint author), Univ Illinois Extens, Mt Vernon Ctr, Mt Vernon, IL 62864 USA. EM jonesd@uiuc.edu FU [OKLO2334]; [OKLO2455] FX We thank workers, C. O'Neal. D. Kastl, and J. Chown for contributions toward this research project. This work was approved for publication by the Director of the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station and supported in part under projects OKLO2334 and OKLO2455. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1063 EP 1068 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1063:SPOLTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100002 PM 19036182 ER PT J AU Hahn, DA Martin, AR Porter, SD AF Hahn, Daniel A. Martin, Adam R. Porter, Sanford D. TI Body Size, but Not Cooling Rate, Affects Supercooling Points in the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body size; cooling rate; supercooling point; body size x cooling rate interaction; fire ant ID GOLDENROD GALL FLY; EUROSTA-SOLIDAGINIS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; STARVATION RESISTANCE; FREEZING TEMPERATURES; RANGE EXPANSION; COLONY-GROWTH; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; INSECTS AB The level of an animal's stress resistance is set by multiple intrinsic physiological and extrinsic environmental parameters. Body size is a critical intrinsic parameter that affects numerous fitness-related organismal traits including fecundity, survival, mating success, and stress resistance. The rate of cooling is a critical extrinsic environmental factor that call affect thermal stress resistance. Workers of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), display considerable variation in adult body size. Therefore. developing ecologically realistic models of thermotolerance in this species requires a consideration of body size. We tested the hypothesis that body size and cooling rate would interact to set the supercooling point in fire ant workers by exposing workers of it range of body sizes to three different Cooling regimens: a very fast ramp of -10 degrees C/min, an intermediate ramp of -1 degrees C/min, and an ecologically relevant slow ramp of -0.1 degrees C/min. Specifically, we asked whether large workers were more susceptible to differences in cooling rate than smaller workers. We Found that body size had a considerable effect oil supercooling point with the largest workers freezing at a temperature similar to 3 degrees C higher than the smallest workers. Cooling rate had a very small effect on supercooling point, and there was no interaction between the two factors. Therefore, the allometry of supercooling points across the range of worker body sizes does not change with cooling rate. C1 [Hahn, Daniel A.; Martin, Adam R.; Porter, Sanford D.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Porter, Sanford D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Hahn, DA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dahahn@ufl.edu RI Hahn, Daniel/B-6971-2012 FU UF-NIH Minority Summer Research Program; USDA-NRI-CSREES [2004-35302-745994]; NSF [IOS-641505]; Florida State Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was performed as partial fulfillment of an undergraduate research project by A.R.M. Financial support is gratefully acknowledged from the UF-NIH Minority Summer Research Program to A.R.M. and USDA-NRI-CSREES Grant 2004-35302-745994, NSF Grant IOS-641505, and the Florida State Agricultural Experiment Station to D.A.H. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1074 EP 1080 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1074:BSBNCR]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100004 PM 19036184 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Lopez, JD Dowd, MK Puckhaber, LS Duke, SE AF Stipanovic, Robert D. Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Dowd, Michael K. Puckhaber, Lorraine S. Duke, Sara E. TI Effect of Racemic, (+)- and (-)-Gossypol on Survival and Development of Heliothis virescens Larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tobacco budworm; cottonseed; Gossypium hirsutum; (+)-gossypol ID GOSSYPOL; COTTON; (+)-GOSSYPOL; HEMIGOSSYPOL; INSECTS AB Gossypol is a constituent of the lysigenous foliar glands of cotton plants and also found ill glands ill cottonseed. Gossypol exists as enantiomers because of restricted rotation around the binaphthyl bond. The biological activities of the enantiomers differ. For example, (+)-gossypol can be fed safely to nonruminants as chickens, but (-)-gossypol cannot. Most contain it (+)- to (-)-gossypol ratio of approximate to 3;2. Conventional breeding techniques can be used to develop cottonseed that contains >95% (+)-gossypol. Notably gossypol protects the plant from insect herbivores. Herein, we report the effect of various forms of gossypol on Heliothis (Fabricius) larvae. Three levels (0.16, 0.24, and 0.32%) of racemic, (+)-, and (-)-gossypol were added to artificial rearing diets and were fed to H. virescens larvae. All 0.24 and 0.32% gossypol diets significantly lengthened days-to-pupation and decreased pupal weight compared with the control. Percent-survival was significantly for less for larvae reared on diets containing 0.24% of all three forms of gossypol as compared with the control diet. (+)-Gossypol superior or equivalent to racemic gossypol as measured by the three parameters studied. Higher concentrations of all gossypol forms were required to reduce survival and pupal weights and increase days-to-pupation for larvae of H. virescens larvae compared with the concentration needed to affect larvae of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), which was studied previously. These results indicate that current efforts to breed cotton lines containing mostly (+)-gossypol in seed should not significantly impair the plant's natural defenses against insects. C1 [Stipanovic, Robert D.; Lopez, Juan D., Jr.; Puckhaber, Lorraine S.; Duke, Sara E.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Dowd, Michael K.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2765 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rdstip@epru.usda.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1081 EP 1085 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1081:EORAGO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100005 PM 19036185 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Chapman, PS AF Yee, Wee L. Chapman, Peter S. TI Seasonal Amounts of Nutrients in Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Their Relation to Nutrient Availability on Cherry Plant Surfaces SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; nitrogen; sugar; cherry leaves; cherry fruit ID RHAGOLETIS-INDIFFERENS DIPTERA; EXTRAFLORAL NECTARIES; POMONELLA DIPTERA; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEIN; FLIES; FECUNDITY; LONGEVITY; PATTERNS; RESERVES AB Relatively little is known about the nutritional ecology of fruit flies in the genus Rhagoletis. In this study, nutrient amounts in male and female western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, and availability of nitrogen and sugar on surfaces of leaves, fruit, and extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) of sweet cherry trees, were determined from late May to late June 2005 and of sugar from EFNs from mid-May to late June 2007 in Washington state. Protein amounts in male and female flies did not differ over the season. Nitrogen was present on leaves, fruit, and EFNs during the sampling period, but amounts on leaves and fruit were lower in late May than the rest of the season. Sugar amounts in flies did not differ over the season. Sugar was present on leaf, fruit and EFN surfaces all season, but amounts on all three were lower in late May than later in the season. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars on all plant surfaces, but sucrose was also present in nectar from EFNs. In outdoor and field cage experiments in 2004 and 2006, more flies survived when cherry branches with leaves and fruit were present than absent. Results suggest that R. indifferens maintains stable protein and sugar levels throughout the season because sufficient amounts of nutrients are found in cherry trees during this time and that increases in nutrient availability caused by ripening and damaged cherries later in the season do not result in increased amounts of nutrients in flies. C1 [Yee, Wee L.; Chapman, Peter S.] USDA ARS, Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1086 EP 1098 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1086:SAONIW]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100006 PM 19036186 ER PT J AU Kendra, PE Epsky, ND Montgomery, WS Heath, RR AF Kendra, Paul E. Epsky, Nancy D. Montgomery, Waynes S. Heath, Robert R. TI Response of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Terminal Diamines in a Food-based Synthetic Attractant SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean fruit fly; electroantennography; putrescine; cadaverine ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; 1,4-DIAMINOBUTANE PUTRESCINE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AMMONIA; ATTRACTIVENESS; METHYLAMINE AB A current trapping system for Anastrepha fruit flies uses a two-component food-based synthetic attractant consisting of ammonium acetate and putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane). Development of more effective monitoring programs may be realized through identification of additional attractant chemicals. This study examined response of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), to putrescine and four homologous terminal diamines, differing only in carbon chain length. Using a fixed close of each diamine substrate, electroantennogram (EAG) responses front mature females to putrescine and cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane) were not significantly different from each other but were significantly greater than responses to longer chain diamines. Over a range of (loses tested, mean female EAG response was greater than male response to both putrescine and cadaverine. In,in initial field test, capture of female flies in traps baited with ammonium acetate and either putrescine or cadaverine was higher than in traps baited with ammonium acetate and ally of the other diamines. In a subsequent field test, traps baited with putrescine, cadaverine, or 1,6-diaminohexane in combination with ammonium acetate captured more female flies than traps baited with ammonium acetate alone. A significantly greater synergistic effect on female captures was observed with either putrescine or cadaverine than with 1,6-diaminohexane. Thus, of the diamines evaluated, cadaverine elicited both antennal and behavioral responses comparable to that of putrescine and will he Studied further as a potential attractant for pest Anastrepha species. C1 [Kendra, Paul E.; Epsky, Nancy D.; Montgomery, Waynes S.; Heath, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Kendra, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM paul.kendra@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1119 EP 1125 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1119:ROASDT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100010 PM 19036190 ER PT J AU Koppenhofer, AM Behle, RW Dunlap, CA Fisher, J Laird, C Vittum, PJ AF Koppenhoefer, Albrecht M. Behle, Robert W. Dunlap, Christopher A. Fisher, Joan Laird, Carol Vittum, Patricia J. TI Pellet Formulations of Sex Pheromone Components for Mating Disruption of Oriental Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Turfgrass SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE turfgrass; mating disruption; Anomala orientalis; sex pheromone; (Z) and (E)-7-tetradecen-2-one formulation ID LEPIDOPTERA-TORTRICIDAE; COMMUNICATION; BLUEBERRIES AB Wax-based pelleted sex pheromone formulations were tested for efficacy in managing oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, in turfgrass. Four pellet formulations were field tested at 25 g pheromone/ha during 2006 and 2007. Application patterns included pellets specifically placed in a uniform grid pattern and pellets scattered by a broadcast spreader. Treatment efficacy was measured by monitoring male A. orientalis captures in pheromone-baited traps, determining mating success of confined virgin femalse, and estimating subsequent densities of A. orientalis larvae in soil/sod samples. All formulation and application pattern combinations effectively suppressed mating for 2 wk after application as measured by reduction in male trap captures and mating success of confined virgins. Two formulations gradually lost efficacy beginning 2 wk after application and the two others after 3-4 wk. Application pattern had no effect on trap captures. The most effective formulation reduced trap captures by >= 90% for 36d, reduced mating success of confined females by 86-100% until 24 d after treatment, and reduced A. orientalis larval populations by 69%. In a previous study, sprayable formulations resulted in nuisance contamination of shoes that attracted male beetles outside of pheromone-treated areas. In contrast, shoes walked through pellet-treated areas did not attract male beetles. Pellet formulations have great potential for A. orientlis mating disruption, but more research is needed to optimize performance. C1 [Koppenhoefer, Albrecht M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Behle, Robert W.; Dunlap, Christopher A.] USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Fisher, Joan; Laird, Carol] Suterra, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Vittum, Patricia J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Koppenhofer, AM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM koppenhofer@aesop.rutgers.edu FU Horticultural Research Institute; Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication [D-08-08187-06-08] FX We thank E. Fuzy and A. Widmer (Rutgers University), J. Byrd and E. Coett (USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit), and L Brocklesby and N. Kurra (University of Massachusetts) for technical assistance. This research was supported in part by grants from the Horticultural Research Institute and the Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science. This is New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication D-08-08187-06-08 supported by state funds and regional research Funds. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1126 EP 1135 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1126:PFOSPC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100011 PM 19036191 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Larsen, TE AF Knight, A. L. Larsen, T. E. TI Creating Point Sources for Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with Low-Volume Sprays of a Microencapsulated Sex Pheromone Formulation SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; competitive attraction; mating disruption; apple; pest management ID MATING DISRUPTION; CHORISTONEURA-ROSACEANA; SYNTHETIC PHEROMONE; CYDIA-POMONELLA; HORTICULTURAL OIL; FLIGHT TUNNEL; COMMUNICATION; MECHANISMS; DISPENSERS; ORCHARDS AB Studies were conducted to examine the determine of microcapsules and the attractiveness of treated apple leaves, Malus domestica Borkhausen, for codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., after low-volume concentrated sprays [24.7 g (AI) in 12 liters of water/ha] of a microencapuslated (MEC) sex pheromone formulation (CheckMate CM-F). Nearly 30% of leaves collected from sprayed zones within treee canopies had no microcapsules, whereas 20% had >20 microcapusles. Microcapsule density was correlated with leaf area, and significant differences in the density of microcapsules per leaf were found because of both height and depth in the canopy relative to the sprayed zone and leaf surface. In general, the highest concentration of microcapsules was deposited on the underside of leaves in the sprayed zone. However, deposition was greater on the upper than the bottom surface of leaves in the canopy below the spray zone and in the tops of trees on the opposite side of the canopy. Field-aged MEC-treated apple leaves elicited upwind flight and moth contact in flight tunnel tests for at least 5 wk. Precipitation reduced the attractiveness of leaves, particularly for leaves treated only on their upper versus bottom surface. Traps in unsprayed orchards baited with MEC-treated artificial leaves were attractive for 5 wk. Moth catches in similar traps placed in MEC-sprayed plots were low but increased significantly over 3-4 wk. These data suggest that, after a brief initial period of sensory disruption, low-volume MEC sprays create point sources of sex pheromone (leaves) within the orchard that may enhance mating disruption through competitive attraction. C1 [Knight, A. L.; Larsen, T. E.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Larsen, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowae Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Alan.Knight@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1136 EP 1144 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1136:CPSFCM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100012 PM 19036192 ER PT J AU Gray, RH Lorimer, CG Tobin, PC Raffa, KF AF Gray, Rebecca Hoffman Lorimer, Craig G. Tobin, Patrick C. Raffa, Kenneth F. TI Preoutbreak Dynamics of a Recently Established Invasive Herbivore: Roles of Natural Enemies and Habitat Structure in Stage-Specific Performance of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Populations in Northeastern Wisconsin SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; habitat structure; invasive species; natural enemies; forest insect ID GROUND-OCCURRING BEETLES; UNITED-STATES; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA; DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; MATING SUCCESS; ECONOMIC COSTS; PREDATION AB A major challenge to addressing biological invasions is that the need for emergency responses Often precludes opportunities to analyze the dynamics between initial establishment and population eruption. Thus, a broader understanding of underlying processes and management opportunities is often lacking. We. examined the effects of habitat structure and natural enemies on recently established preeruptive gypy moth, Lymantria dispar L., populations over 4 yr in northeastern Wisconsin. Forty-five sites were established across a range of habitat structures in oak-dominate northetn hardwood forests. The number of egg masses was positively related to percent composition of Oaks and other favored species. Other life stages were not related to habitat structure variables. Abundance of each life stage call predict the subsequent life Stage With variable degrees of accuracy, but male moth densities were only a weak predictor of egg mass or larval densities the Following year. The parasitic fly Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), an introduced generalist with deleterious nontarget effects, caused the highest mortality to larvae. The specialist pathogens Entomophaga maimaiga and nucleopolyhedrosis virus were widely distributed but caused less mortality than reported in the northeastern United States, where gypsy moth has been established much longer. Small mammals are the major predators of pupae as elsewhere, but invertebrates seem less important along the western than southern adbvancing front gypsy moth. Overall habitat structure did not influence natural enemy populations. These results suggest that the pre-eruptive phase is distinct from the pre-established phase by high mating success and from the eruptive phase by the prominent role of generalist natural enemies. Improved understanding of these dynamics can help guide cultural and biocontrol strategies ill newly invaded regions of the Midwest and provide general insight into invasive forest defoliators. C1 [Gray, Rebecca Hoffman] Wisconsin Dept Agr Trade & Consumer Protect, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Gray, Rebecca Hoffman; Raffa, Kenneth F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lorimer, Craig G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Gray, RH (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Agr Trade & Consumer Protect, 2811 Agr Dr, Madison, WI 53718 USA. EM rahoffma@yahoo.com FU U.S. Forest Serviec-Northern Research Station [06-JV-11242300-047]; Forest Service Special Technology Development Program [NA-2002-03] FX We thank K. Gottschalk, A. Liebhold, and L. Blackburn(U.S. Forest Service. Morgantown, WV), and S. Katovich (U.S. Forest Service, St. Paul MN) for technical assistance and valuable input. The Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection supplied pheromone lures and kill strips. J. Lampereur at the Lakewood/Laona Ranger District,assisted ill site location. K.Kromm. M.Stienstra. E, Whalen, G. Richards, S. Eastwood, K. Herning, M. Preston (Department of Entomology, UW-Madison) E. Lund, S. Lorenz, B. Matuszak, and E. Larson (Department of Forestry, UW-Stevens Point) helped with field work and rearing. We thank S. Krauth (Insect Research Collection. UW-Madison) for insect identification and M. Allington for field cage construction (Department of Entomology. UW-Madison). We thank D. Mahr mid C. Graton (Department of Entomology, UW-Madison) for input on experimental design and manuscript review. J. Zhu (Department of Statistics, UW-Madison) and B. Aukemia (Department of Entomology, UW-Madison) provided valuable statistical advice. mology, This study was funded by a Research Joint Venture Agreement from the U.S. Forest Serviec-Northern Research Station (06-JV-11242300-047) and by a Cooperative Agreement from the Forest Service Special Technology Development Program (Project NA-2002-03). The critical reviews by the journal referees are greatly appreciated. NR 71 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1174 EP 1184 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1174:PDOARE]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100016 PM 19036196 ER PT J AU Gultekin, L Christofaro, M Tronci, C Smith, L AF Gueltekin, L. Christofaro, M. Tronci, C. Smith, L. TI Natural History Studies for the Preliminary Evaluation of Larinus filiformis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as a Prospective Biological Control Agent of Yellow Starthistle SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; host plant; phenology; life history; Lixinae ID CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS L; LIFE-HISTORY; COL CURCULIONIDAE; CAPITULUM WEEVIL; ASTERACEAE; INSECTS; TEPHRITIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; DIFFUSA; IMPACT AB We studied the life history, geographic distribution, behavior, and ecology of Larinus filiformis Petri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in its native range to determine whether it is worthy of further evaluation as a classical biological control agent of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis (Asteraceae: Cardueae). Larinus filiformis occurs in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, adults were well has been reared only from C. sobditiatis. At field sites it) central and eastern Turkey, adults were well synchronized with the plant, being active from mid-May to late July, and ovipositing ill capitula (flowerheads) of C. solstitialis from mid-june to Larvae destroy all the seeds ill a capitulum. The insect is univoltine in Turkey, and addults hibernate from mid-September to mid-May. In the spring, before adults begin ovipositing, they feed on the immature flower buds of C. solstitialis, causing them to die. The weevil destroyed 25-7.5% of capitula at natural field sites, depending on the sample date. Preliminary host specificity experiments oil adult feeding indicate that the weevil seems to be restricted to a relatively small number of plants within the Cardueae. Approximately 57% of larvae or pupae collected late in the summer were parasitized by hymenopterans [Bracon urinator, B. tshitssherini (Braconidae) and Exeristes roborator (Ichneumonidae), Aprostocetus sp. (Eulophidae), and unidentified species of Eurytomidae and Ormyridae]. This weevil may be a better choice than the other capitula insects already established in the United States, particularly in colder parts of the plant's range. C1 [Gueltekin, L.; Christofaro, M.; Tronci, C.; Smith, L.] Ataturk Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey. RP Smith, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lsmith@pw.usda.gov FU NATO Life Science and Technology Programme [978845, NR-CLG-981318]; BBCA research grant [TUBITAK-TOVAG-105O0.38]; European Commision FX We thank Prof. V. I. Dorofeyev (Komarov Botanical Institute. Russian Academy of Sciences. St. Petersburg. Russia) for identification of plants; S. V. Belokobylkii, D. R. Kasparyan. and K. Dzhanokmen (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of sciences, St, Petersburg, Russia) for identification of parasitoid wasps M. F. Donmez (Ataturk University. Plant Protection Department Erzurum, Turkey) for identification of bacteria; B. A. Korotyaev (Zoological Institute. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia), E. Colonnelli (Roma, Italy), and G. Davidian (St. Petersburg Russia) for continuous support to the senior author during his Larinus investigations; and M.G. Volkovitsh (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. St. Petersburg, Russia) for CPS records during joint expeditions in 2005-2006. We also thank O. Merkl (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest) and R. Borovec (Sloupno, Czech Republic) for loans of Larinus specimens. The senior author was supported by Collaborative Linkage Grants 978845 and NR-CLG-981318 of the NATO Life Science and Technology Programme; BBCA research grant, TUBITAK-TOVAG-105O0.38; and the European Commision's (FP6) Integrated Infrastructure Initiative program SYNTHESYS (BE-TAF, GB-TAF, HU-TAF). NR 57 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1185 EP 1199 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1185:NHSFTP]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100017 PM 19036197 ER PT J AU Sisterson, MS AF Sisterson, Mark S. TI Egg Load Dynamics of Homalodisca vitripennis SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE egg maturation; Pierce's disease; Xylella fastidiosa; invasive species ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; COAGULATA SAY HEMIPTERA; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; MATURATION STRATEGY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; POPULATION BIOLOGY; TRADE-OFFS; CICADELLIDAE; HOMOPTERA; LEAFHOPPER AB Homalodisca vitripennis, the glassy-winged sharpshooter, poses a serious threat to grape production because of its ability to vector Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease. The glassy-winged sharpshooter is native to the southeastern United States, and over the last 20 yr has expanded its range into Texas and California and more distantly into French Polynesia. A better understanding of the reproductive dynamics of H. vitripennis will aid in assessment of the invasiveness of this insect and may aid in refinement of control strategies. First, females of known age were dissected to determine egg maturation schedules. Females did not produce mature eggs until at least 1 wk after adult emergence. Oviposition reduced the number of mature eggs carried by females, suggesting a continuous cycle of egg deposition followed by egg maturation where females may experience transient egg limitation. Second, males and females were monitored over their entire lifetimes to determine longevity and fecundity. Males,Old females were long lived with all average lifespan of 4 mo. Females displayed one of three temporal patterns of oviposition: (I) no oviposition, (2) oviposition began <40 d after emergence, or (3) oviposition began >40 d after emergence. In general, oviposition was independent of female age. Finally, egg maturation rates of field-collected females were determined. Egg maturation rates varied with time of year and maximum egg maturation rates coincided with periods when oviposition was expected to be high. The highest egg maturation rate observed was five eggs per female per day. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Sisterson, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM mark.sisterson@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1200 EP 1207 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1200:ELDOHV]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100018 PM 19036198 ER PT J AU Dorhout, DL Sappington, TW Rice, ME AF Dorhout, David L. Sappington, Thomas W. Rice, Marlin E. TI Evidence for Obligate Migratory Flight Behavior in Young European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Females SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; migration; dispersal; flight behavior; flight mill ID AGROTIS-IPSILON LEPIDOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; BLACK CUTWORM; MATING STATUS; PYRALIDAE; NOCTUIDAE AB European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, flight behavior was examined in laboratory experiments. Adults were each tethered to 1 of 16 round-about flight mills in an environmental chamber, and the data were relayed to a computer. Parameters analyzed included duration, distance, and speed of the longest continuous flight and total flight time during an 8-h night. Comparisons were made between unmated and mated adults of both sexes at different ages up to 5 d after emergence. For unmated females, duration of the longest flight was highest the first night after emergence, declining significantly by 5 d of age. In contrast, duration of the longest flight for males was lowest at 1 d of age, increasing significantly by 3 d of age. Flight speed of females was roughly twice that of males at all ages. Mating did not affect flight behavior of either sex at any age tested, but mated adults could not be tested before 2 d of age because the first night was needed for mating. The pattern of age-specific flight behavior suggests that unmated females engage in obligate migratory flight the first full night after emergence. The median duration of this flight was approximate to 2 h in our experiments, with some adults flying continuously for the full 8 h of darkness. Females of other ages and males of all ages tested were capable of long-duration flights, but they more likely represent foraging flight. These results help explain the high dispersal rate of newly emerged adults from release sites in field experiments. C1 [Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dorhout, David L.; Rice, Marlin E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Tom.Sappington@ars.usda.gov NR 87 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1280 EP 1290 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1280:EFOMFB]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100028 PM 19036208 ER PT J AU Sarvary, MA Hight, SD Carpenter, JE Bloem, S Bloem, KA Dorn, S AF Sarvary, Mark A. Hight, Stephen D. Carpenter, James E. Bloem, Stephanie Bloem, Kenneth A. Dorn, Silvia TI Identification of Factors Influencing Flight Performance of Field-Collected and Laboratory-Reared, Overwintered, and Nonoverwintered Cactus Moths Fed with Field-Collected Host Plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cactoblastis cactorum; dispersal; flight; overwintering; seasonality ID CACTOBLASTIS-CACTORUM LEPIDOPTERA; CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; INHERITED STERILITY; CODLING MOTH; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; SEASONAL-CHANGES; GAMMA-RADIATION; PINK-BOLLWORM AB Environmental conditions during egg and larval development may influence the dispersal ability of insect pests, thus requiring seasonal adjustment of control strategies. We studied the longest single flight, total distance flown, and the number of flights initiated by wild Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to determine whether the flight performance of overwintered cactus moths with a prolonged feeding phase during development differs from nonoverwintered cactus moths. Pupae of field-collected and laboratory-reared moths were transported together from the United States to Switzerland, and flight mills were used to characterize the flight capacity of 24- to 48-h-old adults during their most active period of the diel cycle. The lack of seasonal variation in flight performance of those moths that developed under controlled environment but were fed with field-collected Opuntia cacti showed that seasonal changes in host plant quality did not affect flight. This consistent flight performance in the mass-reared laboratory population throughout the year is beneficial for sterile insect technique progrms, which aim to limit the dispersal of this pest. For field-collected C. cactorum, the larger overwintered females performed similarly to nonoverwintered females, indicating that longer feeding time at lower temperature increases body size but does not influence female flight capacity. Young mated females had a similar flight capacity to unmated ones, suggesting that gravid females may play an important role in invading new habitats. For males, overwintering increased the proportion of long-distance flyers, suggesting that they are well-adapted to locate the more sparsely dispersed females in the spring. C1 [Sarvary, Mark A.; Dorn, Silvia] ETH, Inst Plant Sci Appl Entomol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hight, Stephen D.] Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Carpenter, James E.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Bloem, Stephanie] USDA, APHIS PPQ CPHST, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Dorn, S (reprint author), ETH, Inst Plant Sci Appl Entomol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM silvia.dorn@ipw.agrl.ethz.ch FU USDA-ARS; NAPPO; Joint IAEA/FAO Programme in Vienna, Austria FX We thank C. Fornallaz and M. Gernss (Institute of Plant Sciences/Applied Entomology, ETH) for technical assistance, S. Drawdy (ARS-Tifton) for work with the cactus moth colony, C. Albanese, S, Baez, M. Getman, and J. Mass (ARS-Tallahassee) for assistance in obtaining the wild cactus moths, and the anonymous reviewers for useful comments. This research was supported by grants from USDA-ARS, NAPPO, and the Joint IAEA/FAO Programme in Vienna, Austria, to S.D. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1299 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1291:IOFIFP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100029 PM 19036209 ER PT J AU Vasanthakumar, A Handelsman, J Schloss, PD Bauer, LS Raffa, KF AF Vasanthakumar, Archana Handelsman, Jo Schloss, Patrick D. Bauer, Leah S. Raffa, Kenneth F. TI Gut Microbiota of an Invasive Subcortical Beetle, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, Across Various Life Stages SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest insect; emerald ash borer; invasive species; symbiont; insect gut ID EMERALD ASH BORER; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; BARK BEETLES; COLEOPTERA; CERAMBYCIDAE; SCOLYTIDAE; DIVERSITY; PROGRAM; HINDGUT; MIDGUT AB We characterized gut mircobial communities in the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an invasive phloem-feeding and wood-boring beetle that has caused extensive mortality to urban and forest ash trees. Analyses included both 16S rRNA gene-based and culture-based approaches. We estimated that the emerald ash borer gut harbors 44, 71, and 49 operational taxonomic units (OTUs(0.03)) in the larval, prepupal, and adult stages, respectively, and a total of 132 OTUs(0.03) when data from the three stages are pooled. The larval gut community shared all its OTUs(0.03) with either the adult or the prepupal gut community, and the adult and prepupal gut communities shared 27 OTUs(0.03). Twenty-two OTUs(0.03) were shared among the three life stages. Rarefaction analyses suggest that these gut microbial communities are close to being completely sampled at the phylum level. Culture-independent techniques yielded a higher diversity of bacteria than did culturing. Three species of bacteria inhabiting guts of emerald ash borer showed cellulolytic activity. The diverse, dynamic, and presumably multifunctional microbial community associated with emerald ash borer guts suggests that invasive insects should be viewed as multispecies complexes and that such an interpretation can improve our ability to develop more effective management approaches. C1 [Vasanthakumar, Archana; Raffa, Kenneth F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Handelsman, Jo; Schloss, Patrick D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Handelsman, Jo] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bauer, Leah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Vasanthakumar, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, 1630 Linden Dr,345 Russell Labs, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM archanavk@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service; Northern Research Station; University of Wisconism-Madison College of Agricultural; Life Sciences and HHMI FX We thank A. Barber, T. Ehlert, and S. Miranpuri (Department of Entomology, UW-Madison) for technical assistance; C. Jacobe for performing the analyses on gut sections; D. Miller (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, East Lausing, MI) for technical assistance; and Y. Cardoza (Department of Entomology, NCSU) for insightful discussions. The critical reviews of two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station and the University of Wisconism-Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and HHMI. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 21 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1344 EP 1353 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[1344:GMOAIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360ZK UT WOS:000260097100035 PM 19036215 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, M Fenn, M Gimeno, BS Paoletti, E AF Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Arbaugh, Michael Fenn, Mark Gimeno, Benjamin Sanchez Paoletti, Elena TI Introduction: Forests under anthropogenic pressure - Effects of air pollution, climate change and urban development SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Arbaugh, Michael; Fenn, Mark] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Gimeno, Benjamin Sanchez] CIEMAT, Ecotoxicol Air Pollut, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Paoletti, Elena] CNR, IPP, Florence, Italy. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Paoletti, Elena/B-8974-2009 OI Paoletti, Elena/0000-0001-5324-7769 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 389 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.07.013 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 355SS UT WOS:000259729300001 PM 18703260 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, M Schilling, S Fraczek, W Alexander, D AF Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Arbaugh, Michael Schilling, Susan Fraczek, Witold Alexander, Diane TI Ozone distribution and phytotoxic potential in mixed conifer forests of the San Bernardino Mountains, Southern California SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Biannual Meeting of the IUFRO Research Group 7 01 Impacts of Air Pollution and Climat Change on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Res Grp 7 01 DE Los Angeles Basin; air pollution; passive samplers; historical trends; plant exposure indices ID AIR-POLLUTANTS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SIERRA-NEVADA; EXPOSURE; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; INJURY AB In the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California. ozone (03) concentrations have been elevated since the 1950s with peaks reaching 600 ppb and summer seasonal averages > 100 ppb in the 1970s. During that period increased mortality of ponderosa and Jeffrey pines occurred. Between the late 1970s and late 1990s, O-3 concentrations decreased with peaks similar to 180 ppb and similar to 60 ppb seasonal averages. However. since the late 1990s concentrations have not changed. Monitoring during summers of 2002-2006 showed that O-3 concentrations (2-week averages) for individual years were much higher in western sites (58-69 ppb) than eastern sites (44-50 ppb). Potential 03 phytotoxicity measured as various exposure indices was very high, reaching SUM00 - 173.5 ppm h, SUM60 - 112.7 ppm h, W 126 - 98.3 ppm h, and AOT40 - 75 ppm h. representing the highest values reported for Mountain areas in North America and Europe. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fraczek, Witold] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Arbaugh, Michael; Schilling, Susan; Alexander, Diane] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 398 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.046 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 355SS UT WOS:000259729300003 PM 18359541 ER PT J AU Tkacz, B Moody, B Castillo, JV Fenn, ME AF Tkacz, Borys Moody, Ben Castillo, Jaime Villa Fenn, Mark E. TI Forest health conditions in North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Biannual Meeting of the IUFRO Research Group 7 01 Impacts of Air Pollution and Climat Change on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Res Grp 7 01 DE forest health; air pollution; forest insects; forest pathogens; forest fires ID EPIPHYTIC MACROLICHEN COMMUNITIES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NORTHEASTERN FORESTS; CRITICAL LOADS; SIERRA-NEVADA; NATIONAL-PARK AB Some of the greatest forest health impacts in North America are caused by invasive forest insects and pathogens (e.g.. emerald ash borer and sudden oak death in the US), by severe outbreaks of native pests (e.g., mountain pine beetle in Canada), and fires exacerbated by changing climate. Ozone and N and S pollutants continue to impact the health of forests in several regions of North America. Long-term monitoring of forest health indicators has facilitated the assessment of forest health and sustainability in North America. By linking a nationwide network of forest health plots with the more extensive forest inventory, forest health experts in the US have evaluated current trends for major forest health indicators and developed assessments of future risks. Canada and Mexico currently lack nationwide networks of forest health plots. Development and expansion of these networks is critical to effective assessment of future forest health impacts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tkacz, Borys] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Moody, Ben] Canadian Forest Serv, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Castillo, Jaime Villa] Comis Nacl Forestal, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. [Fenn, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RP Tkacz, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, 1601 N Kent St,RPC7-FHP, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM btkacz@fs.fed.us NR 75 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 9 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 409 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.003 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 355SS UT WOS:000259729300004 PM 18479794 ER PT J AU Augustaitis, A Bytnerowicz, A AF Augustaitis, Algirdas Bytnerowicz, Andrzej TI Contribution of ambient ozone to Scots pine defoliation and reduced growth in the Central European forests: A Lithuanian case study SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Biannual Meeting of the IUFRO Research Group 7 01 Impacts of Air Pollution and Climate Change on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Res Grp 7 01 DE peak ozone concentration; acidifying compounds; meteorological parameters; Scots pine; basal area increment; defoliation ID AIR-POLLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CROWN CONDITION; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FAGUS-SYLVATICA; PLANT-RESPONSE; SPECIAL-ISSUE; TREE; PERSPECTIVES; IMPACTS AB The study aimed to explore if changes in crown defoliation and stem growth of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) could be related to changes in ambient ozone (O-3) concentration in central Europe. To meet this objective the study was performed in 3 Lithuanian national parks. close to the ICP integrated monitoring stations from which data on meteorology and pollution were provided. Contribution of peak O-3 concentrations to the integrated impact of acidifying compounds and meteorological parameters on pine stem growth was found to be more significant than its contribution to the integrated impact of acidifying compounds and meteorological parameters on pine defoliation. Findings of the study provide statistical evidence that peak concentrations of ambient O-3 can have a negative impact on pine tree crown defoliation and stem growth reduction under field conditions in central and northeastern Europe where the AOT40 values for forests are commonly below their phytotoxic levels. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Augustaitis, Algirdas] Lithuanian Univ Agr, Forest Monitoring Lab, LT-53362 Kaunas, Lithuania. [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej] US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Augustaitis, A (reprint author), Lithuanian Univ Agr, Forest Monitoring Lab, Studentu 13, LT-53362 Kaunas, Lithuania. EM algirdas.augustaitis@lzuu.lt RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 70 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 436 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.042 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 355SS UT WOS:000259729300006 PM 18378053 ER PT J AU Darbah, JNT Kubiske, ME Nelson, N Oksanen, E Vapaavuori, E Kamosky, DF AF Darbah, Joseph N. T. Kubiske, Mark E. Nelson, Neil Oksanen, Elina Vapaavuori, Elina Kamosky, David F. TI Effects of decadal exposure to interacting elevated CO2 and/or O-3 on paper birch (Betula papyrifera) reproduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Biannual Meeting of the IUFRO Research Group 7 01 Impacts of Air Pollution and Climat Change on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Res Grp 7 01 DE seeds; seed quality; seed germination; flower production; seedlings growth and survival; elevated tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide ID BRASSICA-NAPUS L; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; SEEDLING GROWTH; TREMBLING ASPEN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OZONE; PLANTS; POLLEN; IMPACT AB We studied the effects of long-term exposure (nine years) of birch (Benda papyrifera) trees to elevated CO2 and/or O-3 on reproduction and seedling development at the Aspen FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) site in Rhinelander, WI. We found that elevated CO, increased both the number of trees that flowered and the quantity of flowers (260% increase in male flower production), increased seed weight, germination rate, and seedling vigor. Elevated O-3 also increased flowering but decreased seed weight and germination rate. In the combination treatment (elevated CO2 + O-3) seed weight is decreased (20% reduction) While germination rate was unaffected. The evidence from this study indicates that elevated CO2 may have a largely positive impact oil forest tree reproduction and regeneration while elevated O-3 Will likely have a negative impact. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Darbah, Joseph N. T.; Kamosky, David F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Kubiske, Mark E.; Nelson, Neil] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI USA. [Oksanen, Elina] Univ Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland. [Vapaavuori, Elina] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Suonenjoki, Finland. RP Darbah, JNT (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM jndarbah@mtu.edu NR 47 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 446 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.033 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 355SS UT WOS:000259729300007 PM 18355950 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Jovan, S Yuan, F Geiser, L Meixner, T Gimeno, BS AF Fenn, M. E. Jovan, S. Yuan, F. Geiser, L. Meixner, T. Gimeno, B. S. TI Empirical and simulated critical loads for nitrogen deposition in California mixed conifer forests SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Biannual Meeting of the IUFRO Research Group 7 01 Impacts of Air Pollution and Climate Change on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Res Grp 7 01 DE ecosystem protection; atmospheric deposition; epiphytic lichens; biomonitoring; nitrogen saturation; harmful effects ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; PONDEROSA PINE; EUROPEAN FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; AIR-POLLUTION; N DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION AB Empirical critical loads (CL) for N deposition were determined from changes in epiphytic lichen communities, elevated NO3- leaching in streamwater, and reduced fine root biomass in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) at sites with varying N deposition. The CL for lichen community impacts of 3.1 kg ha(-1) year(-1) is expected to protect all components of the forest ecosystem from the adverse effects of N deposition. Much of the western Sierra Nevada is above the lichen-based CL, showing significant changes in lichen indicator groups. The empirical N deposition threshold and that simulated by the DayCent model for enhanced NO(3)(-)leaching were 17 kg N ha(-1) year(-1). DayCent estimated that elevated NO3- leaching in the San Bernardino Mountains began in the late 1950s. Critical values for litter C:N (34. 1). ponderosa pine foliar N (1.1%). and N concentrations (1.0%) in the lichen Letharia vulpina ((L.) Hue) are indicative of CL exceedance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fenn, M. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Jovan, S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Yuan, F.; Meixner, T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Geiser, L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Air Resource Management Program, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. [Gimeno, B. S.] CIEMAT, Ecotoxicol Air Pollut, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us NR 91 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 492 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.019 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 355SS UT WOS:000259729300012 PM 18499320 ER PT J AU Pappas, EA Huang, C AF Pappas, E. A. Huang, C. TI Predicting atrazine levels in water utility intake water for MCL compliance SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERBICIDES; PRODUCTS; STREAMS AB To protect human health, atrazine concentrations in finished municipal drinking water must not exceed a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 3 mu g/L, as determined by a specific monitoring regime mandated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Atrazine levels were monitored along tile-fed drainage ditches draining to a major drinking water source and used to predict MCL exceedance frequencies of intake and finished drinking water. Water samples were collected daily at eight monitoring sites located at the outlets of subbasins draining 298-19 341 ha (736-47 794 ac). Flow-weighted average (FWA) atrazine concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 9.8 mu g/L, and were above 3 mu g/L for the majority of sites, including the largest site, which represents water quality at the intake of the local municipal water treatment plant However, a relatively low percentage of samples near the water utility intake exceeding 3 mu g/L atrazine (10.4%) made this problem difficult to detect. In order to have a 95% probability of detecting any intake sample exceeding 3 mu g/L atrazine in a drainage system exceeding 3 mu g/L atrazine on a FWA basis, sampling frequency would need to be every 7 days or more often during the second quarter when the potentials for field atrazine losses and temporal variability of atrazine concentrations are highest. C1 [Pappas, E. A.; Huang, C.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pappas, EA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bets@purdue.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 19 BP 7064 EP 7068 DI 10.1021/es800457v PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 353XX UT WOS:000259603700010 PM 18939527 ER PT J AU Wheeler, MH Abramczyk, D Puckhaber, LS Naruse, M Ebizuka, Y Fujii, I Szaniszlo, PJ AF Wheeler, Michael H. Abramczyk, Dariusz Puckhaber, Lorraine S. Naruse, Michinori Ebizuka, Yutaka Fujii, Isao Szaniszlo, Paul J. TI New Biosynthetic Step in the Melanin Pathway of Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis: Evidence for 2-Acetyl-1,3,6,8-Tetrahydroxynaphthalene as a Novel Precursor SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PATHOGENIC FUNGI; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; 1,8-DIHYDROXYNAPHTHALENE MELANIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PENTAKETIDE METABOLITES; FONSECAEA-PEDROSOI; CONIDIAL PIGMENT; CHITIN SYNTHASE; GENE AB The predominant cell wall melanin of Wangiella dermatitidis, a black fungal pathogen of humans, is synthesized from 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (D2HN). An early precursor, 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (T4HN), in the pathway leading to D2HN is reportedly produced directly as a pentaketide by an iterative type I polyketide synthase (PKS). In contrast, the bluish-green pigment in Aspergillus fumigatus is produced after the enzyme Ayg1p converts the PKS product, the heptaketide YWA1, to T4HN. Previously, we created a new melanin-deficient mutant of W. dermatitidis, WdBrm1, by random molecular insertion. From this strain, the altered gene WdYG1 was cloned by a marker rescue strategy and found to encode WdYg1p, an ortholog of Ayg1p. In the present study, two gene replacement mutants devoid of the complete WdYG1 gene were derived to eliminate the possibility that the phenotype of WdBrm1 was due to other mutations. Characterization of the new mutants showed that they were phenotypically identical to WdBrm1. Chemical analyses of mutant cultures demonstrated that melanin biosynthesis was blocked, resulting in the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (AT4HN) and its oxidative product 3-acetylflaviolin in the culture media. When given to an albino W. dermatitidis strain with an inactivated WdPKS1 gene, AT4HN was mostly oxidized to 3-acetylflaviolin and deacetylated to flaviolin. Under reduced oxygen conditions, cell-free homogenates of the albino converted AT4HN to D2HN. This is the first report of evidence that the hexaketide AT4HN is a melanin precursor for T4HN in W. dermatitidis. C1 [Wheeler, Michael H.; Puckhaber, Lorraine S.] ARS, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Abramczyk, Dariusz; Szaniszlo, Paul J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Mol Genet & Microbiol, Sch Biol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Abramczyk, Dariusz; Szaniszlo, Paul J.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Naruse, Michinori; Ebizuka, Yutaka] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Fujii, Isao] Iwate Med Univ, Sch Pharm, Yahaba, Iwate 0283694, Japan. RP Wheeler, MH (reprint author), ARS, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, USDA, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mwheeler@cpru.usda.gov FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [AI 33049]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [19310139] FX This research was supported in part by a grant to P.J.S. from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 33049). A part of this work was also supported by a grant-in-aid for scientific research (B) (no. 19310139) to I. F. from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and by a grant-in-aid for scientific research on priority areas (applied genomics) to I. F. from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD OCT PY 2008 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1699 EP 1711 DI 10.1128/EC.00179-08 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 358CA UT WOS:000259892900007 PM 18676950 ER PT J AU Schonig, B Brown, DW Oeser, B Tudzynski, B AF Schoenig, Birgit Brown, Daren W. Oeser, Birgitt Tudzynski, Bettina TI Cross-Species Hybridization with Fusarium verticillioides Microarrays Reveals New Insights into Fusarium fujikuroi Nitrogen Regulation and the Role of AreA and NMR SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PATHOGEN CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; MESSENGER-RNA TRANSLATION; GLOBAL GENE-EXPRESSION; GATA FACTORS GLN3P; RICE BLAST FUNGUS; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; METABOLITE REPRESSION AB In filamentous fungi, the GATA-type transcription factor AreA plays a major role in the transcriptional activation of genes needed to utilize poor nitrogen sources. In Fusarium fujikuroi, AreA also controls genes involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellins, a family of diterpenoid plant hormones. To identify more genes responding to nitrogen limitation or sufficiency in an AreA-dependent or -independent manner, we examined changes in gene expression of F. fujikuroi wild-type and Delta areA strains by use of a Fusarium verticillioides microarray representing similar to 9,300 genes. Analysis of the array data revealed sets of genes significantly down- and upregulated in the areA mutant under both N starvation and N-sufficient conditions. Among the downregulated genes are those involved in nitrogen metabolism, e. g., those encoding glutamine synthetase and nitrogen permeases, but also those involved in secondary metabolism. Besides AreA-dependent genes, we found an even larger set of genes responding to N starvation and N-sufficient conditions in an AreA-independent manner. To study the impact of NMR on AreA activity, we examined the expression of several AreA target genes in the wild type and in areA and nmr deletion and overexpression mutants. We show that NMR interacts with AreA as expected but affects gene expression only in early growth stages. This is the first report on genome-wide expression studies examining the influence of AreA on nitrogen-responsive gene expression in a genome-wide manner in filamentous fungi. C1 [Schoenig, Birgit; Oeser, Birgitt; Tudzynski, Bettina] Univ Munster, Inst Bot Westfal, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Brown, Daren W.] USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Grp, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tudzynski, B (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Bot, Schlossgarten 3, D-48149 Munster, Germany. EM tudzynsb@uni-muenster.de FU DFG [Tu101/7] FX The project was funded by the DFG (Tu101/7). NR 84 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD OCT PY 2008 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1831 EP 1846 DI 10.1128/EC.00130-08 PG 16 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 358CA UT WOS:000259892900019 PM 18689524 ER PT J AU Murphy, KM Reeves, PG Jones, SS AF Murphy, Kevin M. Reeves, Philip G. Jones, Stephen S. TI Relationship between yield and mineral nutrient concentrations in historical and modern spring wheat cultivars SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st EUCARPIA Meeting of the Section Organic Plant Breeding and Low-Input Agriculture CY NOV 07-09, 2007 CL Wageningen, NETHERLANDS DE micronutrients; plant breeding; recommended dietary allowance; wheat; landraces; yield ID PLANT-ORIGIN; HUMAN HEALTH; ABSORPTION; CROPS; BIOAVAILABILITY; MICRONUTRIENTS; NUTRITION; NITROGEN; WORLD; IRON AB The diet of approximately three billion people worldwide is nutrient deficient and most of the world's poorest people are dependent on staple food crops as their primary source of micronutrients. One component of the solution to nutrient deficiencies is collaboration among plant breeders, cereal chemists and nutritionists to produce staple crop cultivars with increased mineral nutrient concentration. Sixty-three historical and modern wheat cultivars were evaluated for grain yield and concentration of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc. While grain yield has increased over time, the concentrations of all minerals except calcium have decreased. Thus a greater consumption of whole wheat bread from modern cultivars is required to achieve the same percentage of recommended dietary allowance levels contributed by most of the older cultivars. The decrease in mineral concentration over the past 120 years occurs primarily in the soft white wheat market class, whereas in the hard red market class it has remained largely constant over time. This suggests that plant breeders, through intentional selection of low ash content in soft white wheat cultivars, have contributed to the decreased mineral nutrient concentration in modern wheat cultivars. These results contradict the theory that there exists a genetically based, biological trade-off between yield and mineral concentrations. Therefore, using the abundant variation present in wheat cultivars, it should be possible to improve mineral concentrations in modern cultivars without negatively affecting yield. C1 [Murphy, Kevin M.; Jones, Stephen S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Reeves, Philip G.] Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, N Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Jones, SS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 387 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM joness@wsu.edu RI Murphy, Kevin/E-8682-2010 OI Murphy, Kevin/0000-0001-8982-3641 NR 32 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD OCT PY 2008 VL 163 IS 3 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s10681-008-9681-x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 340OL UT WOS:000258654800006 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV Connor, EE Wood, DL AF Capuco, A. V. Connor, E. E. Wood, D. L. TI Regulation of mammary gland sensitivity to thyroid hormones during the transition from pregnancy to lactation SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE iodothyronine deiodinase; thyroid hormone receptor; thyroid hormone; lactogenesis; retinoid receptor ID TYPE-3 IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASE; THYROXINE-5'-MONODEIODINASE ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR-BASIS; GROWTH-HORMONE; BILE-ACIDS; RAT; RECEPTOR; STIMULATION; EXPRESSION; TISSUE AB Thyroid hormones are galactopoietic and help to establish the mammary gland's metabolic priority during lactation. Expression patterns for genes that can alter tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone activity were evaluated in the mammary gland and liver of cows at 53, 35, 20, and 7 days before expected parturition, and 14 and 90 days into the subsequent lactation. Transcript abundance for the three isoforms of iodothyronine deiodinase, type I (DIO1), type II (DIO2) and type III (DIO3), thyroid hormone receptors alphal (TR alpha 1), alpha2 (TR alpha 2) and betal (TR beta 1), and retinoic acid receptors alpha (RXR alpha) and gamma (RXR gamma), which act as coregulators of thyroid hormone receptor action, were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. The DIO3 is a 5-deiodinase that produces inactive iodothyronine metabolites, whereas DIO1 and DIO2 generate the active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine, from the relatively inactive precursor, thyroxine. Low copy numbers of DIO3 transcripts were present in mammary gland and liver. DIO2 was the predominant isoform expressed in mammary gland and DIO1 was the predominant isoform expressed in liver. Quantity of DIO1 mRNA in liver tissues did not differ with physiological state, but tended to be lowest during lactation. Quantity of DIO2 mRNA in mammary gland increased during lactation (P < 0.05), with copy numbers at 90 days of lactation 6-fold greater than at 35 and 20 days prepartum. When ratios of DIO2/DIO3 mRNA were evaluated, the increase was more pronounced (>100-fold). Quantity of TR beta 1 mRNA in mammary gland increased with onset of lactation, whereas TR alpha 1 and TR alpha 2 transcripts did not vary with physiological state. Conversely, quantity of RXR alpha mRNA decreased during late gestation to low levels during early lactation. Data suggest that increased expression of mammary TR beta 1 and DIO2, and decreased RXR alpha, provide a mechanism to increase thyroid hormone activity within the mammary gland during lactation. C1 [Capuco, A. V.; Connor, E. E.; Wood, D. L.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bldg 200,Room 14 Powder Mill Rd,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tony.capuco@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; CRIS [1265-31000-086-00] FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS 1265-31000-086-00. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 233 IS 10 BP 1309 EP 1314 DI 10.3181/0803-RM-95 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 355SU UT WOS:000259729500013 PM 18641053 ER PT J AU Donovan, DM Foster-Frey, J AF Donovan, David M. Foster-Frey, Juli TI LambdaSa2 prophage endolysin requires Cpl-7-binding domains and amidase-5 domain for antimicrobial lysis of streptococci SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage endolysin; amidase; peptidoglycan hydrolase; synergy; B30 endolysin ID GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CELL-WALL; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; LYTIC ENZYMES; LYSOSTAPHIN SUSCEPTIBILITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BACTERIOPHAGE; RESISTANCE; AGALACTIAE AB Streptococcal pathogens contribute to a wide variety of human and livestock diseases. The routine use of antibiotics to battle these pathogens has produced a new class 017 111 multidrug-resistant streptococci. Thus, there is a need for new antimicrobials. Bacteriophage endolysins (peptidoglycan hydrolases) comprise one group of new antimicrobials that are reportedly refractory to resistance development. The LambdaSa2 prophage endolysin gene was recently isolated from a Group B streptococcal genome, expressed on an Escherichia coli plasmid, and shown by homology screening and biochemical analysis to harbor an amidase-5 (endopeptidase) domain, an amidase-4 (glycosidase) domain, and two Cpl-7 cell wall-binding domains. In this study, turbidity reduction and plate lysis assays indicate that this hydrolase shows strong lytic activity toward Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus equi, GES, and GGS. Deletion analysis indicates that the N-terminal endopeptidase domain with both Cpl-7 domains can lyse with a higher specific activity than the full-length protein (against some strains). This dual Cpl-7 domain truncated version also shows weak lytic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the coagulase negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus xylosus. The truncated constructs harboring the glycosidase domain are virtually inactive, showing only minimal activity on plate lysis assays. C1 [Donovan, David M.; Foster-Frey, Juli] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Donovan, DM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, ANRI, USDA, Bldg 230,Room 104,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.donovan@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 287 IS 1 BP 22 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01287.x PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 365DX UT WOS:000260387200004 PM 18673393 ER PT J AU Becker, SC Foster-Frey, J Donovan, DM AF Becker, Stephen C. Foster-Frey, Juli Donovan, David M. TI The phage K lytic enzyme LysK and lysostaphin act synergistically to kill MRSA SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lysostaphin; turbidity assay; minimal inhibitory concentration; LytM; ALE-1; LAS ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; BACTERIOPHAGE; CPL-1; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COMBINATIONS; ENDOCARDITIS; EPIDERMIDIS; PENICILLIN; STRAINS AB LysK is the endolysin from the staphylococcal bacteriophage K, and can digest the cell wall of many staphylococci. Lysostaphin is a bacteriocin secreted by Staphylococcus simulans to kill Staphylococcus aureus. Both LysK and lysostaphin have been shown to lyse methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study describes optimal reaction conditions for the recombinant His-tagged LysK protein (pH range pH 6-10, and 0.3-0.5 M NaCl), and C-His-LysK MIC (32.85 +/- 4.87 mu g mL(-1)). LysK and lysostaphin demonstrate antimicrobial synergy by the checkerboard assay. C1 [Becker, Stephen C.; Foster-Frey, Juli; Donovan, David M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Donovan, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.donovan@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 287 IS 2 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01308.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 346RO UT WOS:000259087100008 PM 18721148 ER PT J AU Riche, M AF Riche, Marty TI Effect of dietary lipid level on juvenile black sea bass Centropristis striata fed two protein sources SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE black sea bass; Centropristis striata; dietary lipid; feed utilization ID FED ISONITROGENOUS DIETS; SEABREAM SPARUS-AURATA; X MORONE-SAXATILIS; CHAIN AMINO-ACIDS; FEED-UTILIZATION; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; FISH-MEAL; LATES-CALCARIFER; BODY-COMPOSITION; PRACTICAL DIETS AB A 10-week feeding trial was conducted with juvenile black sea bass Centropristis striata fed isonitrogenous diets (46% CP) with four lipid levels (7, 10, 13 and 16%) to identify dietary lipid levels supporting maximum weight gain and efficiency. Menhaden fish meal (FM) and animal protein concentrate (APC) were used in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment to evaluate effects of protein quality and lipid level on production. Weight gain, thermal growth coefficient, protein and energy retention, proximate composition and hepatic indices were evaluated. Weight gain was higher (P < 0.05) in FM treatments and no protein sparing effect was observed. All growth, efficiency and retention parameters, except apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) among FM diets, were independent of dietary lipid. Based on proximate composition, diets should be restricted to no more than 13% lipid in a 46% CP diet, and can be reduced to 7% without loss of growth and efficiency. Second order polynomial regressions on ANPU indicated 10-12% dietary lipid in a 46% CP diet is appropriate depending on protein quality. Reducing dietary lipid in current commercial feeds fed to black sea bass could represent a substantial cost savings in feed production. C1 ARS, USDA, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Riche, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM marty.riche@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/Agricultural Research Service [6225-63000-007-00D]; HJ Baker & Bros, Inc. (Atlanta, GA); Omega Protein, Inc. (Houston, TX); Omega Protein, Inc. (Hammond, LA); Roche Vitamins Inc ( Parsippany, NJ) FX This study was funded by the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Project no. 6225-63000-007-00D. Special thanks to HJ Baker & Bros, Inc. ( Atlanta, GA) and Omega Protein, Inc. (Houston, TX) for graciously donating the protein sources used in this study. I thank Omega Protein, Inc. (Hammond, LA) and Roche Vitamins Inc ( Parsippany, NJ) for men-haden fish oil and vitamins, respectively. I also extend my gratitude to J Scarpa, T Gibson Gaylord and C Kasper for critical review and advice on preparation of this manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. All programs and services of the US Department of Agriculture are offered on a non-discriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, marital status or handicap. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1054 DI 10.1111/j.1444-2906.2008.01623.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 357BU UT WOS:000259822100012 ER PT J AU Karlsson, S Renshaw, MA Rexroad, CE Gold, JR AF Karlsson, Sten Renshaw, Mark A. Rexroad, Caird E. Gold, John R. TI Microsatellite primers for red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 [Karlsson, Sten; Renshaw, Mark A.; Gold, John R.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosyst & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rexroad, Caird E.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cold & Cool Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Gold, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosyst & Biodivers, TAMU-2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM goldfish@tamu.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 106 IS 4 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 371YG UT WOS:000260868000013 ER PT J AU Lee, J Rennaker, C Wrolstad, RE AF Lee, Jungmin Rennaker, Christopher Wrolstad, Ronald E. TI Correlation of two anthocyanin quantification methods: HPLC and spectrophotometric methods SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin; fruit juice; HPLC; spectrophotometric; pH differential method; correlation ID UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; CULTIVARS; JUICES AB The pH differential method and HPLC are commonly used methods by researchers and the food industry for quantifying anthocyanins in a sample. This study was conducted to establish a relationship between the two analytical methods. Seven juice samples containing an array of different individual anthocyanins were analyzed by pH differential and HPLC (two different columns and mobile phase conditions). In general, total anthocyanins were greater when expressed as malvidin-glucoside than as cyanidin-glucoside, despite the method used. This paper demonstrates the high correlation (R >= 0.925, p <= 0.05) between the pH differential method and HPLC (both systems) when determining the amount of anthocyanins found in samples. For laboratories that do not have the capability for HPLC analysis, the pH differential is a simple and economical method to determine total anthocyanins. This study also demonstrates the importance of reporting the standard used to express the values. There is still a need for both methods and certified anthocyanin standards. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wrolstad, Ronald E.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lee, Jungmin; Rennaker, Christopher] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, 29603 U I Lane, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jungmin.lee@ars.usda.gov; chris.rennaker@ars.usda.gov; ron.wroistad@oregonstate.edu RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 18 TC 80 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 782 EP 786 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.010 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 305VL UT WOS:000256205800032 ER PT J AU Ravishankar, S Zhang, H Kempkes, ML AF Ravishankar, S. Zhang, H. Kempkes, M. L. TI Pulsed Electric Fields SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Pulsed electric fields; nonthermal; pasteurization; quality; research needs ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INACTIVATION; MICROORGANISMS; JUICE AB The concept of pulsed electric fields (PEF) was first proposed in 1967 to change the behavior or microorganisms. The electric field phenomenon was identified as membrane rupture theory in the 1980s. Increasing the membrane permeability led to the application of PEF assisted extraction of cellular content and transfer of genetic material across cell membrane. The lethal effects of PEF to microorganisms were studied in 1990s when laboratory and pilot plant equipment were developed to evaluate the effect of PEF as a nonthermal food process to provide consumers with microbiologically-safe and fresh-like quality foods. Application of high voltage electric field at a certain level for a very short time by PEF not only inactivates pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, but also results in the retention of flavor, aroma, nutrients, and color of foods. The first commercial PEF pasteurization of apple cider products took place in 2005 in the United States. This paper provides current information about PEF food processing and identifies a list of research needs to further develop PEF technology for food processing and preservation. C1 [Zhang, H.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Ravishankar, S.] Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. [Kempkes, M. L.] Diversified Technol Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. EM hzhang@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1082-0132 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT JI Food Sci. Technol. Int. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 429 EP 432 DI 10.1177/1082013208100535 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 396SI UT WOS:000262611000006 ER PT J AU Chen, H Perchonok, M AF Chen, H. Perchonok, M. TI US Governmental Interagency Programs, Opportunities, and Collaboration SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Government; CREES; ARS; FSIS; USDA; FDA; Natick; DOD; DHHS; NASA AB Improving the quality, value, and safety of national food supplies is the common mission of several Federal agencies. Under different authorities, these agencies conduct basic and applied research, develop curriculum at higher educational institutions, and disseminate new scientific knowledge about food processing, formulation, and preservation to a broad range of stakeholders. Emerging food processing technologies, including various thermal and nonthermal processes, as well as chemical processes, have received increased attention and investment in recent years. Some agencies dealing with Emerging Technologies include the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), and Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS), and all of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The U. S. Army Natick Research Center of Department of Defense (DOD), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of Department of Human Health Service (DHHS) also are involved in this research area. These agencies have their vision, mission, strategic goals, and current programs and activities related to emerging food processing technologies. The synergy of effective collaboration and cooperation among all stakeholders is the key to generating an impact greater than the simple sum of all. C1 [Chen, H.] USDA, Bioproc Engn, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Perchonok, M.] NASA, JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), USDA, Bioproc Engn, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM hchen@csrees.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1082-0132 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT JI Food Sci. Technol. Int. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1177/1082013208098817 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 396SI UT WOS:000262611000010 ER PT J AU Krueger, NA Anderson, RC Krueger, WK Horne, WJ Wesley, IV Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Carstens, GE Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Krueger, Nathan A. Anderson, Robin C. Krueger, Wimberley K. Horne, Willy J. Wesley, Irene V. Callaway, Todd R. Edrington, Tom S. Carstens, Gordon E. Harvey, Roger B. Nisbet, David J. TI Prevalence and Concentration of Campylobacter in Rumen Contents and Feces in Pasture and Feedlot-Fed Cattle SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; DAIRY-CATTLE; BEEF-CATTLE; JEJUNI; COLI; IDENTIFICATION; PCR; BACTERIA; SPP.; DIFFERENTIATION AB Campylobacter are important human foodborne pathogens known to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. The incidence of Campylobacter in cattle may be seasonal and may vary among age groups and type (beef versus dairy). Less is known about other factors that could influence the prevalence, colonization site, and shedding of Campylobacter in cattle. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and enumerate Campylobacter at two sites along the digestive tract of beef and dairy type cattle consuming either grass or feedlot diets. In an initial study, Campylobacter was not recovered from rumen samples of any of 10 ruminally cannulated (six dairy and four beef type) pasture-reared cattle and there was no difference (p > 0.05) between cattle types on fecal Campylobacter recovery, with 50%, of each type yielding culture-positive feces (overall mean +/- SE, 0.75 +/- 0.001 SEM log(10) colony-forming units [CFU]/g feces). When calculated from Campylobacter culture-positive animals only, mean fecal concentrations were 1.50 +/- 0.001. SEM log(10) CFU/g. In a follow-up study with feedlot and pasture-reared cattle (n = 18 head each), 78% of rumen and 94% of fecal samples from pastured cattle were positive for Campylobacter while 50%, of the rumen and 72% of the fecal samples were positive in concentrate-fed animals. Overall mean concentration of Campylobacter was greater in feces than ruminal fluid (p < 0.05). When only Campylobacter-positive animals were analyzed, concentrations recovered from feces were higher (p < 0.05) in concentrate-fed than in pasture-fed cattle (4.29 vs. 3.34 log(10) C.FU/g, respectively; SEM = 0.29). Our results suggest that the rumen environment and its microbial population are less favorable for the growth of Campylobacter and that concentrate diets may provide a more hospitable lower gastrointestinal tract for Campylobacter. C1 [Krueger, Nathan A.; Anderson, Robin C.; Callaway, Todd R.; Edrington, Tom S.; Harvey, Roger B.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Krueger, Wimberley K.; Horne, Willy J.; Carstens, Gordon E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wesley, Irene V.] ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0059 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 364IM UT WOS:000260329400004 PM 18687033 ER PT J AU Looper, ML Edrington, TS Moubarak, AS Callaway, TR Rosenkrans, CF AF Looper, M. L. Edrington, T. S. Moubarak, A. S. Callaway, T. R. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Effects of the Ergot Alkaloids Dihydroergotamine, Ergonovine, and Ergotamine on Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 In Vitro SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RANGE BEEF-CALVES; TALL FESCUE; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; ATPASE SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; O157-H7; CATTLE; ENDOPHYTE; PREVALENCE AB A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of ergot alkaloids (dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, and ergotamine) on E. coli O157:H7 in both pure and mixed ruminal fluid culture. Alkaloids were added to solutions of E. coli O157:H7 strains 933 (pure and ruminal cultures) and 6058 (ruminal culture only), and growth rates and colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli O157:H7 were measured. Two mixtures of all three alkaloids at either 2 or 500 mu M for each alkaloid decreased (p < 0.001) the growth rate of E. coli O157:H7 in pure culture compared to the individual alkaloids. Dihydroergotamine tended (p = 0.07) to reduce growth rate of E. coli O157:H7 in pure culture compared with ergonovine or ergotamine alone. Increased concentrations of dihydroergotamine and ergotamine decreased (p < 0.003) growth rate of E. coli O157:H7 but increasing concentrations of ergonovine did not influence (p > 0.10) E. coli O15T:H7 growth rate. Similar to results in pure culture, a mixture of all three alkaloids at various concentrations for each alkaloid decreased (p < 0.001) the CFU of E. coli O157:H7 strain 6058 in mixed ruminal culture compared to the individual ergot alkaloids. Dihydroergotamine decreased (p = 0.04) CFU of E. coli O157:H7 strain 6058 when compared to ergonovine but CFU were similar (p > 0.1.0) between dihydroergotamine and ergotamine. Ruminal and (or) intestinal populations of E. coli O157:H7 may be influenced in livestock consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue, and these alterations could be due to the presence of ergot alkaloids in fescue plants. C1 [Looper, M. L.] ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Edrington, T. S.; Callaway, T. R.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. [Moubarak, A. S.; Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Looper, ML (reprint author), ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, 6883 S State Hwy, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM mike.looper@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 599 EP 604 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0067 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 364IM UT WOS:000260329400007 PM 18681792 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Carroll, JA Arthington, JD Pratt, C Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Galyean, ML Ricke, SC Crandall, P Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, T. R. Carroll, J. A. Arthington, J. D. Pratt, C. Edrington, T. S. Anderson, R. C. Galyean, M. L. Ricke, S. C. Crandall, P. Nisbet, D. J. TI Citrus Products Decrease Growth of E-coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in Pure Culture and in Fermentation with Mixed Ruminal Microorganisms In Vitro SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ORANGE-PULP; ESSENTIAL OILS; PREHARVEST INTERVENTIONS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; BEEF-CATTLE; CARRIAGE; RUMEN; CONTAMINATION AB Orange peel and orange pulp are by-products that are included in feedlot and dairy cattle diets because of their low cost and high nutritional quality. The antimicrobial activity of citrus oils has been reported previously. The present study was carried out to determine whether these citrus by-products exert antimicrobial effects on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium populations that are found in cattle gastrointestinal tracts. The growth of pure cultures (n = 3) of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium were reduced (p < 0.05) by addition of 2% (w/v) orange pulp and orange peel. Ruminal fluid was collected from cattle (n = 2) and E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella Typhimurium were added. The addition of orange pulp and peel to in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentations (n = 3) demonstrated that both orange pulp and peel reduced E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium populations at least 2 log(10) in mixed ruminal fluid fermentations. Addition of orange pulp reduced (p < 0.05) E. coli O157:H7 populations from 10(5) to 10(2) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and Salmonella Typhimurium populations (p < 0.05) from 10(4) to 10(2) CFU/mL. These results indicate that orange pulp and/or peel included in ruminant diets could decrease ruminal populations of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Further research is needed to determine whether the antimicrobial activity of orange products against E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella Typhimurium is expressed in the lower gastrointestinal tract. C1 [Callaway, T. R.; Pratt, C.; Edrington, T. S.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Carroll, J. A.] Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Arthington, J. D.] Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL USA. [Galyean, M. L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Ricke, S. C.; Crandall, P.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 621 EP 627 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0088 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 364IM UT WOS:000260329400009 PM 18681795 ER PT J AU Nannapaneni, R Muthaiyan, A Crandall, PG Johnson, MG O'Bryan, CA Chalova, VI Callaway, TR Carroll, JA Arthington, JD Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Nannapaneni, Ramakrishna Muthaiyan, Arunachalam Crandall, Philip G. Johnson, Michael G. O'Bryan, Corliss A. Chalova, Vesela I. Callaway, Todd R. Carroll, Jeff A. Arthington, John D. Nisbet, David J. Ricke, Steven C. TI Antimicrobial Activity of Commercial Citrus-Based Natural Extracts Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolates and Mutant Strains SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ESSENTIAL OILS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; IN-VITRO; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; UNITED-STATES; APPLE CIDER; O157-H7; CATTLE AB Due to increasing concerns about the development of antimicrobial resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria, alternative strategies have been sought that do not use antibiotics to reduce pathogenic bacteria from foods and patients. A natural compound that has potent antimicrobial properties is citrus peel, which contains a variety of essential oils that inhibit the growth of or kill pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, seven citrus-based natural antimicrobials were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of the pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7. Zones of inhibition of E. coli O157:H7 by the citrus-derived fraction (10 mu L/6 mm disk) were determined by a disk-diffusion assay on Sorbitol-MacConkey agar. Inhibition zones were observed after 48 h lawn growth of E. coli O157:H7 cells at 37 degrees C. Two citrus-based fractions, orange CP VAL terpeneless FAB 968611 and Limonene 1x Dist FAB 955430, inhibited E. coli O157:H7 with inhibition zones of approx. 11-24 mm dia. The remaining other five citrus-derived extracts (orange oil FL VAL 1121 ARR 974760, Orange 5x Conc VAL 4121 ARR 968374, orange terpenes ESS 1120 ARR 986259, orange terpenes CP 1100 ARR 986255, and orange terpenes OEO HP 1100 ARR 986257) were noninhibitory to E. coli O157:H7, yielding no clear inhibition zones. These studies show that citrus-derived natural compounds differ in their inhibitory activity against E. coli O157:H7 and some have potential applications as inhibitory agents against E. coli O157:H7 in various pathogen reduction strategies. C1 [Nannapaneni, Ramakrishna; Muthaiyan, Arunachalam; Crandall, Philip G.; Johnson, Michael G.; O'Bryan, Corliss A.; Chalova, Vesela I.; Ricke, Steven C.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety IFSE, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Nannapaneni, Ramakrishna; Muthaiyan, Arunachalam; Crandall, Philip G.; Johnson, Michael G.; O'Bryan, Corliss A.; Chalova, Vesela I.; Ricke, Steven C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Callaway, Todd R.; Nisbet, David J.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Carroll, Jeff A.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Arthington, John D.] Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), Food & Feed Safety Res, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu RI Muthaiyan, Arunachalam/B-6442-2011 FU ABI [4301]; USDA-NRI [2007-35201-18380]; Food Safety Consortium FX This research was supported by an ABI grant (Arkansas Bioscience Institute, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR) to S.C.R., a USDA-NRI grant (#2007-35201-18380) to S.C.R. and P.G.C., and Food Safety Consortium grants to M.G.J. and S.C.R. Firmenich Citrus Center, Safety Harbor, FL, is thankfully acknowledged for providing citrus oil fractions for this study. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 695 EP 699 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0124 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 364IM UT WOS:000260329400018 PM 18851678 ER PT J AU Balci, Y Balci, S MacDonald, WL Gottschalk, KW AF Balci, Y. Balci, S. MacDonald, W. L. Gottschalk, K. W. TI Foliar susceptibility of eastern oak species to Phytophthora infection SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOREST TREES; SP-NOV.; RAMORUM; LEAF; CALIFORNIA; SPP.; UK; INOCULATION; HEDRAIANDRA; DIEBACK AB Seven different Phytophthora species were used to test the foliar susceptibility of the common eastern US oak species and understory plants to Phytophthora infection. The Phytophthora species employed were Phytophthora cambivora, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora citricola, Phytophthora europaea, Phytophthora quercetorum, Phytophthora quercina-like and Phytophthora sp1. Inoculation of detached-leaves with agar plugs containing mycelia of Phytophthora provided an estimate of their relative susceptibility. Lesions were always greater when foliage was wounded and young. On deciduous plants, lesion sizes were considerably reduced with the increasing foliar age, although with evergreen plants lesion sizes remained similar regardless of foliar age when more aggressive isolates were tested. Infections seldom resulted when foliage was not wounded. With young and mature foliage, P. citricola usually produced the largest lesions. Young foliage of Quercus rubra was the most susceptible to infection followed by Castanea dentata for both wounded and non-wounded inoculations. Mature foliage of Hamamelis virginiana, Kalmia latifolia and Quercus alba were the most susceptible to wound and non-wound inoculations. C1 [Balci, Y.; Balci, S.; MacDonald, W. L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Gottschalk, K. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Balci, Y (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM yibalci@mail.wvu.edu RI Balci, Yilmaz/B-3420-2013 FU USDA-Forest Service Northern Research Station [05-JV-11242328-060, NRS-4557] FX This research was made possible by funding (05-JV-11242328-060) from the USDA-Forest Service Northern Research Station, NRS-4557 work unit in Morgantown, West Virginia. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 320 EP 331 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2008.00548.x PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 355AB UT WOS:000259679900004 ER PT J AU Laband, DN Hussain, A Gonzalez-Caban, A AF Laband, David N. Hussain, Anwar Gonzalez-Caban, Annando TI The impact of forest service litigation success on administrative appeals of proposed fuels reduction actions SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Administrative appeals; Forest fuels; Wildfire; Litigation AB In this paper, we explore empirically whether the USDA Forest Service's litigation success rate in each Forest Service region helps explain the persistent regional effects noted by Laband et al. (Laband, D.N., Gonzalez-Caban, A., and Hussain, A. (2006). "Factors That Influence Administrative Appeals of Proposed USDA Forest Service Fuels Reduction Actions," Forest Science, 52(5): 477-488.) with respect to the pattern of administrative appeals of proposed fuels reduction actions. We find strong evidence of an inverse relationship between the Forest Service's litigation success rate and the likelihood of administrative appeal of proposed fuels reduction actions on public lands. However, inclusion of this variable explains only about 20% of the region-specific impact noted in Laband et al. (Laband, D.N., Gonzalez-Caban, A., and Hussain, A. (2006). "Factors That Influence Administrative Appeals of Proposed USDA Forest Service Fuels Reduction Actions," Forest Science, 52(5): 477-488.), which continues to command additional investigation. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Laband, David N.] Auburn Univ, Forest Policy Ctr, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hussain, Anwar] Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gonzalez-Caban, Annando] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Laband, DN (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Forest Policy Ctr, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM labandn@auburn.edu; ahussain@cfr.msstate.edu; agonzalezcaban@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; Pacific Southwest Research Station [04-CA-11272165-431]; School of Forestry & Wildlife Sciences FX This research was supported in part by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, under cooperative agreement No. 04-CA-11272165-431. In addition this research was supported by a McIntire-Stennis grant received by the first author, made available through the School of Forestry & Wildlife Sciences at Auburn University. Our findings were presented at the SAF National Convention in Pittsburgh. We are especially indebted to R.W. Malmsheimer, D.M. Keele, and D. W. Floyd for providing the region-specific data on Forest Service litigation success rates. We appreciate the helpful comments received from two anonymous reviewers. That said, we retain all responsibility for any errors. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 10 IS 7-8 BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2007.12.003 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 362QH UT WOS:000260211700002 ER PT J AU Li, RH Buongiorno, J Turner, JA Zhu, S Prestemon, J AF Li, Ruhong Buongiorno, J. Turner, J. A. Zhu, S. Prestemon, J. TI Long-term effects of eliminating illegal logging on the world forest industries, trade, and inventory SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Illegal logging; International trade; Policy; Wood products; Modeling ID DEFORESTATION; INDONESIA; DECLINE AB We assessed the impact on the world forest sector of a progressive elimination of illegal logging. The analysis compared predictions from 2007 to 2020, with and without a gradual reduction of illegally logged industrial roundwood from 2007 to 2011. A large part of the curtailment of timber supply due to the stoppage of illegal logging would be compensated by increased legal production incited by higher prices. As a result, without illegal logging the world annual production of industrial roundwood would decrease by no more than 1%, even though it would decrease by up to 8% in developing countries. World prices would rise by 1.5 to 3.5% for industrial roundwood and by 0.5 to 2% for processed products, depending on the assumption on illegal logging rates. World consumer expenditures for wood products and producer revenues would rise by I to 2% without illegal logging. World value added in forest industries would remain the same. However, the changes in consumer expenditures would be more than double the changes in producer revenues in countries dependent on illegally logged timber of domestic or foreign origin such as Indonesia and China. Symmetrically, changes in producer revenues would be almost twice the changes in consumer expenditures in countries with little illegal logging and efficient industries, such as Canada, Germany and the United States. Value added in forest industries would decrease most in countries with heavy illegal logging (12% in Indonesia and up to 9% in Brazil), and it would increase most in Germany, Canada (4%). and the United States (2%). Without illegal logging, the world forest inventory would increase slightly. as the increase in developing countries would more than compensate the decrease in developed countries. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Ruhong; Buongiorno, J.; Zhu, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Turner, J. A.] Sc New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Trade & Econ Dev Grp, Rotorua, New Zealand. [Prestemon, J.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Buongiorno, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jbuongio@wisc.edu NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 10 IS 7-8 BP 480 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2008.04.003 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 362QH UT WOS:000260211700007 ER PT J AU Kilgore, MA Snyder, SA Schertz, J Taff, SJ AF Kilgore, Michael A. Snyder, Stephanie A. Schertz, Joseph Taff, Steven J. TI What does it take to get family forest owners to enroll in a forest stewardship-type program? SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Willingness to accept; Contingent valuation; Forest stewardship; Family forest; Financial incentives ID DONT-KNOW RESPONSES; CONTINGENT VALUATION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; MARKET GOODS; MINNESOTA; MODEL AB We estimated the probability of enrollment and factors influencing participation in a forest stewardship-type program, Minnesota's Sustainable Forest Incentives Act. using data from a mail survey of over 1000 randomly-selected Minnesota family forest owners. Of the 15 variables tested, only five were significant predictors of a landowner's interest in enrolling in the program: compensation amount, intention to obtain a forest management plan, opposition to the program's land covenant, prior awareness of the program, and total acres of forest land owned. The estimated median minimum compensation required was approximately $24 per acre per year. One-fourth of the survey respondents were undecided about whether they would participate in the stewardship program, suggesting there may be potential to capture additional interest and participation. Marketing efforts to raise program awareness, increasing annual stewardship payments, and eliminating the land covenant are likely to be effective strategies for increasing program participation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kilgore, Michael A.; Schertz, Joseph] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Coll Food Agr & Nat Resource Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Snyder, Stephanie A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Taff, Steven J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, Coll Food Agr & Nat Resource Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kilgore, MA (reprint author), 301 K Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mkilgore@umn.edu FU Blandin Foundation; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station [MN-42-049] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Blandin Foundation and the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (Project MN-42-049). The authors wish to thank Drs. Charlie Blinn and Jeff Kline for their constructive suggestions in the development of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 10 IS 7-8 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2008.05.003 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 362QH UT WOS:000260211700010 ER PT J AU Clark, A Jordan, L Schimleck, L Daniels, RF AF Clark, Alexander, III Jordan, Lewis Schimleck, Laurie Daniels, Richard F. TI Effect of initial planting spacing on wood properties of unthinned loblolly pine at age 21 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLEXURAL PROPERTIES; SOUTHERN PINE; LUMBER; DENSITY; GRADE; PLANTATIONS; YIELD; YOUNG; STAND AB Young, fast growing. intensively managed plantation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) contains a large proportion of,juvenile wood that may not have the stiffness required to meet the design requirements for southern pine dimension lumber. An unthinned loblolly pine spacing study was sampled to determine the effect of initial spacing on wood stiffness, strength and specific gravity (SG) at 8, 24, and 40 feet up the stem of chipping-saw loblolly pine grown using competition control and fertilization at planting plus fertilization at midrotation. Seven spacings ranging front 6 by 8 feet to 12 by 12 feet were sampled. Analysis of the effect of spacing at each height level showed significant differences in stiffness, strength, and SG among spacings Lit 8 feet. but did not vary significantly with spacing at 24 or 40 feet. Stiffness at 8 fleet of trees planted at 12 by 12 feet was 12 to 14 percent lower than that of trees planted at 6 by 8, 6 by 10 and 6 by 12 feet because the 12 by 12 trees were growing rapidly in response to Fertilization and less competition and thus contain a larger diameter of juvenile wood characterized by wide microfibril angles and lower stiffness. Average weighted whole stem wood stiffness and strength decreased only 6 to 7 percent when spacing increased from 6 by 8 feet and 12 by 12 feet. and was not significantly different at the 0.05 level. Estimated stiffness, strength and SG at 8, 24, and 40 feet decreased significantly with increasing tree height because of increased juvenile wood ill the upper stem. C1 [Clark, Alexander, III] So Res Sta, USDA Forest Serv, Athens, GA USA. [Jordan, Lewis] Weyerhaeuser, Columbus, MS USA. [Schimleck, Laurie; Daniels, Richard F.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Clark, A (reprint author), So Res Sta, USDA Forest Serv, Athens, GA USA. EM aclark@fs.fed.us; lewis.jordan@weyerhacuser.com; lschimleck@warnell.uga.edu; ddaniels@warnell.uga.edu FU Wood Quality Consortium at the Univ. of Georgia FX Support for this work was provided by the members of the Wood Quality Consortium at the Univ. of Georgia and is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank International Paper for making the spacing study at Rincon, Georgia available for sampling. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 58 IS 10 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 367PH UT WOS:000260563600012 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Adhvaryu, A Perez, JM Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, Brajendra K. Adhvaryu, Atanu Perez, Joseph M. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Effects of hydroprocessing on structure and properties of base oils using NMR SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Structure-property relationships; Thermo-oxidative stability; Average-structural parameters; PDSC; TFMO ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; PRESSURE VISCOSITY COEFFICIENT; OXIDATION STABILITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LUBRICATING OILS; HYDROCRACKING; BEHAVIOR; DISTILLATES; FRACTIONS AB The hydroprocessing technologies such as hydrocracking, hydrofinishing provide an opportunity to modify the chemistry of hydrocarbons to improve the properties of petroleum base oils. Quantitative H-1 and C-13 NMR data has been used to generate average structural profile for a variety of base oil samples and aromatic fractions. The average structural parameters were used to study the effect of hydroprocessing on structure and properties of paraffinic neutral base oils. In addition, the effect of severity of hydrogenation on structure and properties has been investigated on three aromatic extract fractions obtained from different degree of hydrogenation of catalytic cycle stock. A linear relationship was found between average structural parameters and properties such as viscosity index, volatility and refractive index. Thermo-oxidative stability of samples was measured using differential scanning calorimetry and thin film micro oxidation tests. Variation in oxidative stability of various samples was explained using structural parameters. The NMR data was found useful in explaining property changes as a result of hydroprocessing. The results suggest that deepest knowledge of chemical structure could help in selecting base oils to meet future product specifications. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Adhvaryu, Atanu; Perez, Joseph M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Adhvaryu, Atanu; Erhan, Sevim Z.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sharma, BK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Brajendra.Sharma@ars.usda.gov; Sevim.Erhan@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 10 BP 984 EP 991 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.04.001 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 358DB UT WOS:000259895800009 ER PT J AU Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Goldstein, G Moreira, MZ Meinzer, FC Domec, JC Villalobos-Vega, R Franco, AC Miralles-Wilhelm, F AF Scholz, F. G. Bucci, S. J. Goldstein, G. Moreira, M. Z. Meinzer, F. C. Domec, J. -C. Villalobos-Vega, R. Franco, A. C. Miralles-Wilhelm, F. TI Biophysical and life-history determinants of hydraulic lift in Neotropical savanna trees SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic redistribution; leaf phenology; nocturnal transpiration; root architecture; root conductivity ID ROOT XYLEM EMBOLISM; SOIL-WATER; CENTRAL BRAZIL; DENSITY GRADIENT; DOUGLAS-FIR; REDISTRIBUTION; PATTERNS; FOREST; CONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS AB 1. Ecological and physiological characteristics of vascular plants may facilitate or constrain hydraulic lift. Studies of hydraulic lift typically include only one or few species, but in species-rich ecosystems a larger number of representative species needs to be studied. 2. Measurements of sap flow in tap roots, lateral roots and stems, as well as stable isotope labelling techniques were used to determine the occurrence and relative magnitude of hydraulic lift in several individuals of nine co-occurring Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) tree species differing in life-history traits, and to assess physical and biological determinants of this process at the tree and ecosystem level. 3. The occurrence of reverse sap flow observed in deciduous and brevideciduous species during the dry season was consistent with hydraulic lift. The evergreen species did not exhibit reverse flow. Consistent with their ability to carry out hydraulic lift, the brevideciduous and deciduous species had both shallow and tap roots (dimorphic root systems), whereas the evergreen species had mostly deep roots (monomorphic root systems). 4. In the deciduous and brevideciduous species, the contribution of tap roots to transpiration increased substantially as the dry season progressed. Seasonal changes in the contribution of tap roots to transpiration were not observed in the evergreen species. 5. There was an inverse relationship between rates of reverse sap flow and seasonal loss of hydraulic conductivity in lateral roots, suggesting that hydraulic lift in Cerrado woody plants may help maintain the functionality of the lateral roots in exploring dry and nutrient rich superficial soil layers without directly enhancing the amount of water uptake. 6. Reverse sap flow in lateral roots of the deciduous and brevideciduous species increased asymptotically as the driving force for water movement from roots to the soil increased. This nonlinear relationship implies that additional sinks for water such as nocturnal transpiration and refilling of internal water storage tissues may compete for internal water resources during the dry season. 7. There appears to be a trade-off between greater year-round access to nutrients in the upper soil layers (deciduous and brevideciduous species) and a greater access to deep and more reliable water sources during the dry season (evergreen species), which has implications for whole-ecosystem water, carbon and nutrient balance in Neotropical savannas. C1 [Scholz, F. G.; Bucci, S. J.] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Dept Biol, Lab Ecol Func, RA-9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. [Scholz, F. G.; Bucci, S. J.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Comis Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Goldstein, G.] Univ Buenos Aires, Lab Ecol Func, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Goldstein, G.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Moreira, M. Z.] CENA, BR-13416903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Meinzer, F. C.] USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Domec, J. -C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27795 USA. [Villalobos-Vega, R.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Franco, A. C.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70904970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Miralles-Wilhelm, F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RP Scholz, FG (reprint author), Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Dept Biol, Lab Ecol Func, RA-9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. EM fgscholz@unpata.edu.ar RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Moreira, Marcelo/D-4622-2013; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 FU National Science Foundation (USA) [0296174, 0322051]; CNPq Brazil FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (USA) grant # 0296174 and grant # 0322051 and CNPq Brazil. Special thanks to Gretchen North for help with methods for measuring total and radial root hydraulic conductivity. Authors thank the IBGE Ecological reserve for logistic support and to Jose Hinojosa for providing useful field assistance. NR 64 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 773 EP 786 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01452.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 350HK UT WOS:000259343100003 ER PT J AU Jenerette, GD Scott, RL Huxman, TE AF Jenerette, G. D. Scott, R. L. Huxman, T. E. TI Whole ecosystem metabolic pulses following precipitation events SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eddy-covariance; precipitation; pulse; respiration; semi-arid ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; SOIL RESPIRATION; EDDY COVARIANCE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PINE FOREST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DRY SOIL AB 1. Ecosystem respiration varies substantially at short temporal intervals and identifying the role of coupled temperature- and precipitation-induced changes has been an ongoing challenge. To address this challenge we applied a metabolic ecological theory to identify pulses in ecosystem respiration following rain events. Using this metabolic framework, precipitation-induced pulses were described as a reduction in metabolic activation energy after individual precipitation events. 2. We used this approach to estimate the responses of 237 individual events recorded over 2 years at four eddy-covariance sites in southern AZ, USA. The sites varied in both community type (woody and grass dominated) and landscape position (riparian and upland). We used a nonlinear inversion procedure to identify both the parameters for the pre-event temperature sensitivity and the predicted response of the temperature sensitivity to precipitation. By examining multiple events we evaluated the consistency of pulses between sites and discriminated between hypotheses regarding landscape position, event distributions, and pre-event ecosystem metabolism rates. 3. Over the 5-day post-event period across all sites the mean precipitation effect was attributed to 6.1 g CO(2) m(-2) of carbon release, which represented a 21% increase in respiration over the pre-event steady state trajectory of carbon loss. Differences in vegetation community were associated with differences in the integrated magnitude of pulse responses, while differences in topographic position were associated with the initial peak pulse rate. In conjunction with the differences between sites, the individual total pulse response was positively related to the drying time interval and metabolic rates prior to the event. The quantitative theory presented provides an approach for understanding ecosystem pulse dynamics and helps characterized the dependence of ecosystem metabolism on both temperature and precipitation. C1 [Jenerette, G. D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Scott, R. L.] SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ USA. [Huxman, T. E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Jenerette, GD (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM darrel.jenerette@ucr.edu FU SAHRA; National Science Foundation [EAR-9876800]; NSF [DEB-0415977]; NSF Biological Informatics postdoctoral fellowship; USDA-ARS; University of Arizona; Philecology Foundation FX This work was supported in part by SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC program of the National Science Foundation, Agreement No. EAR-9876800, NSF award DEB-0415977 to TEH, DGW and RLS, and a NSF Biological Informatics postdoctoral fellowship to GDJ awarded in 2004. The USDA-ARS, the University of Arizona, and the Philecology Foundation provided additional financial and material support. Authors thank Brian Enquist and Ryan Sponseller for their constructive comments on this research and the large number of students and technicians that helped in the field. NR 64 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 924 EP 930 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01450.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 350HK UT WOS:000259343100022 ER PT J AU Bluhm, BH Dunkle, LD AF Bluhm, B. H. Dunkle, L. D. TI PHL1 of Cercospora zeae-maydis encodes a member of the photolyase/cryptochrome family involved in UV protection and fungal development SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cercospora; Gray leaf spot; Photoreactivation; Photolyase; Cryptochrome ID DNA-REPAIR; FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; TRICHODERMA-ATROVIRIDE; MOLECULAR-MECHANISM; PHOTOLYASE GENE; MAIZE KERNELS; LIGHT; CRYPTOCHROMES; BIOSYNTHESIS; COLONIZATION AB DNA photolyases harvest light energy to repair genomic lesions induced by UV irradiation, whereas cryptochromes, presumptive descendants of 6-4 DNA photolyases, have evolved in plants and animals as blue-light photoreceptors that function exclusively in signal transduction. Orthologs of 6-4 photolyases are predicted to exist in the genomes of some filamentous fungi, but their function is unknown. In this study, we identified two putative photolyase-encoding genes in the maize foliar pathogen Cercospora zeae-maydis: CPD1, an ortholog of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyases described in other filamentous fungi, and PHL1, a cryptochrome/6-4 photolyase-like gene. Strains disrupted in PHL1 (Delta phl1) displayed abnormalities in development and secondary metabolism but were unaffected in their ability to infect maize leaves. After exposure to lethal doses of UV light, conidia of Delta phl1 strains were abolished in photoreactivation and displayed reduced expression of CPD1, as well as RAD2 and RVB2, orthologs of genes involved in nucleotide excision and chromatin remodeling during DNA damage repair. This study presents the first characterization of a 6-4 photolyase ortholog in a filamentous fungus and provides evidence that PHL1 regulates responses to UV irradiation. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dunkle, L. D.] Purdue Univ, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bluhm, B. H.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Dunkle, LD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Larry.Dunkle@ars.usda.gov FU Purdue University Agriculture Experiment Station [2008-18286]; USDA CRIS [3602-22000-013-OOD] FX We thank Corie Shaner, Kaila Zink, and Jonathon Smith for technical assistance and Guri Johal for providing maize seeds. This report constitutes 2008-18286 of the Purdue University Agriculture Experiment Station. This research was supported by USDA CRIS project 3602-22000-013-OOD. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1364 EP 1372 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.07.005 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 363RA UT WOS:000260283200004 PM 18682297 ER PT J AU Raven, PA Uh, M Sakhrani, D Beckman, BR Cooper, K Pinter, J Leder, EH Silverstein, J Devlin, RH AF Raven, P. A. Uh, M. Sakhrani, D. Beckman, B. R. Cooper, K. Pinter, J. Leder, E. H. Silverstein, J. Devlin, R. H. TI Endocrine effects of growth hormone overexpression in transgenic coho salmon SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Growth hormone; Transgenic; Coho salmon; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Insulin-like growth factor-I; Growth hormone receptor; Growth hormone releasing hormone; Neuropeptide Y; Cholecystokinin; Cartilage sulphation ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; I MESSENGER-RNA; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; DIFFERENT PROTEIN-LEVELS; GH-RELEASING HORMONE; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; TIME RT-PCR; RAINBOW-TROUT; IGF-I AB Non-transgenic (wild-type) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), growth hormone (GH) transgenic salmon (with highly elevated growth rates), and GH transgenic salmon pair fed a non-transgenic ration level (and thus growing at the non-transgenic rate) were examined for plasma hormone concentrations, and liver, muscle. hypothalamus, telencephalon, and pituitary mRNA levels. GH transgenic salmon exhibited increased plasma GH levels, and enhanced liver, muscle and hypothalamic GH mRNA levels. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) in plasma, and growth hormone receptor (GHR) and IGF-I mRNA levels in liver and muscle, were higher in fully fed transgenic than non-transgenic fish. GHR mRNA levels in transgenic fish were unaffected by ration-restriction, whereas plasma GH was increased and plasma IGF-I and liver IGF-I mRNA were decreased to wild-type levels. These data reveal that strong nutritional modulation of IGF-I production remains even in the presence of constitutive ectopic GH expression in these transgenic fish. Liver GHR membrane protein levels were not different from controls, whereas, in muscle, GHR levels were elevated approximately 5-fold in transgenic fish. Paracrine stimulation of IGF-I by ectopic GH production in non-pituitary tissues is suggested by increased basal cartilage sulphation observed in the transgenic salmon. Levels of mRNA for growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and cholecystokinin (CCK) did not differ between groups. Despite its role in appetite stimulation, neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA was not found to be elevated in transgenic groups. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Raven, P. A.; Uh, M.; Sakhrani, D.; Pinter, J.; Devlin, R. H.] Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. [Beckman, B. R.; Cooper, K.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Leder, E. H.] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Div Genet & Physiol, Turku 20014, Finland. [Silverstein, J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Devlin, RH (reprint author), Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. EM Robert.Devlin@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; Leder, Erica/A-6446-2013 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Leder, Erica/0000-0002-7160-2290 FU Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology FX The authors wish to thank Jack Smith and Benjamin Goh for performing IGF-I radioimmunoassay and Geordia Rigter for fish culture assistance. Support for this research from the Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology to R.H.D. is gratefully acknowledged. NR 109 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 159 IS 1 BP 26 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.07.011 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 368BM UT WOS:000260596300004 PM 18713628 ER PT J AU Weber, AL Briggs, WH Rucker, J Baltazar, BM Sanchez-Gonzalez, JD Feng, P Buckler, ES Doebley, J AF Weber, Allison L. Briggs, William H. Rucker, Jesse Baltazar, Baltazar M. de Jesus Sanchez-Gonzalez, Jose Feng, Ping Buckler, Edward S. Doebley, John TI The Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits in Teosinte (Zea mays ssp parviglumis): New Evidence From Association Mapping SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FLOWERING TIME; MAIZE; ARABIDOPSIS; SELECTION; ENCODES; GENOME; POLYMORPHISMS; DOMESTICATION; MELANOGASTER; EVOLUTION AB Previous association analyses showed that variation at major regulatory genes contributes to standing variation for complex traits in Balsas teosinte, the progenitor of maize. This study expands our previous association mapping effort in teosinte by testing 123 markers in 52 candidate genes for association with 31 traits in a Population of 817 individuals. Thirty-three significant associations for markers from 15 candidate genes and 10 traits survive correction for multiple testing. Our analyses suggest several new putative causative relationships between specific genes and trait variation in teosinte. For example, two ramosa genes (ra1 and ra2) associate with ear structure, and the MADS-box gene, zagl1, associates with ear shattering. Since zagl1 was previously shown to be a target of selection during maize domestication, we suggest that. this gene was under selection for its effect on the loss of ear shattering, a key domestication trait. All observed effects were relatively small in terms of the percentage of phenotypic variation explained (< 10%). We also detected several epistatic interactions between markers in the same gene that associate with the same trait. Candidate-gene-based association mapping appears to be a promising method for investigating the inheritance of complex traits in teosinte. C1 [Weber, Allison L.; Briggs, William H.; Rucker, Jesse; Doebley, John] Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baltazar, Baltazar M.] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Tapachula 63733, Nayarit, Mexico. [de Jesus Sanchez-Gonzalez, Jose] Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Guadalajara 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. [Feng, Ping] Monsanto Co, Ankeny, IA 50021 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Weber, AL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Gardiner Hall 3510,Box 7614,NCSU Campus, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM alweber@ncsu.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467]; National Institutes of Health [GM-58816]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Hatch [WIS04772] FX We thank Bret Payseur and Brian Yandell for comments and discussion. We acknowledge Pioneer International for providing field space. We also thank the Monsanto Company for providing us access to the equipment that was used to measure the kernel composition traits. This work was funded by National Science Foundation grant DBI-0321467, National Institutes of Health grant GM-58816, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Hatch grant WIS04772. NR 52 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 180 IS 2 BP 1221 EP 1232 DI 10.1534/genetics.108.090134 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 363RM UT WOS:000260284400042 PM 18791250 ER PT J AU Bushman, BS Larson, SR Mott, IW Cliften, PF Wang, RRC Chatterton, NJ Hernandez, AG Ali, S Kim, RW Thimmapuram, J Gong, G Liu, L Mikel, MA AF Bushman, B. Shaun Larson, Steve R. Mott, Ivan W. Cliften, Paul F. Wang, Richard R. -C. Chatterton, N. Jerry Hernandez, Alvaro G. Ali, Shahjahan Kim, Ryan W. Thimmapuram, Jyothi Gong, George Liu, Lei Mikel, Mark A. TI Development and annotation of perennial Triticeae ESTs and SSR markers SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Triticeae; Leymus; Elymus; Pseudoroegneria spicata; expressed sequence tag; simple sequence repeat; microsatellite; comparative genomics ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; RICE GENOME; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DRAFT SEQUENCE; LEYMUS; POACEAE; BARLEY; ELYMUS AB Triticeae contains hundreds of species of both annual and perennial types. Although substantial genomic tools are available for annual Triticeae cereals such as wheat and barley, the perennial Triticeae lack sufficient genomic resources for genetic mapping or diversity research. To increase the amount of sequence information available in the perennial Triticeae, three expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries were developed and annotated for Pseudoroegneria spicata, a mixture of both Elymus wawawaiensis and E. lanceolatus, and a Leymus cinereus x L. triticoides interspecific hybrid. The ESTs were combined into unigene sets of 8780 unigenes for P. spicata, 11281 unigenes for Leymus, and 7212 unigenes for Elymus. Unigenes were annotated based on putative orthology to genes from rice, wheat, barley, other Poaceae, Arabidopsis, and the non-redundant database of the NCBI. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed, tested for amplification and polymorphism, and aligned to the rice genome. Leymus EST markers homologous to rice chromosome 2 genes were syntenous on Leymus homeologous groups 6a and 6b (previously 1b), demonstrating promise for in silico comparative mapping. All ESTs and SSR markers are available on an EST information management and annotation database (http://titan.biotec.uiuc.edu/triticeae/). C1 [Bushman, B. Shaun; Larson, Steve R.; Mott, Ivan W.; Wang, Richard R. -C.; Chatterton, N. Jerry] Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Cliften, Paul F.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hernandez, Alvaro G.; Ali, Shahjahan; Kim, Ryan W.; Thimmapuram, Jyothi; Gong, George; Liu, Lei] Univ Illinois, Roy J Carver Biotechnol Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mikel, Mark A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bushman, BS (reprint author), Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA ARS, 695 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM shaun.bushman@ars.usda.gov OI Larson, Steve/0000-0003-2742-2134 NR 46 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2008 VL 51 IS 10 BP 779 EP 788 DI 10.1139/G08-062 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 361ZG UT WOS:000260167100002 PM 18923529 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Quinlan, AR Peckham, HE Makowsky, K Tao, W Woolf, B Shen, L Donahue, WF Tusneem, N Stromberg, MP Stewart, DA Zhang, L Ranade, SS Warner, JB Lee, CC Coleman, BE Zhang, Z McLaughlin, SF Malek, JA Sorenson, JM Blanchard, AP Chapman, J Hillman, D Chen, F Rokhsar, DS McKernan, KJ Jeffries, TW Marth, GT Richardson, PM AF Smith, Douglas R. Quinlan, Aaron R. Peckham, Heather E. Makowsky, Kathryn Tao, Wei Woolf, Betty Shen, Lei Donahue, William F. Tusneem, Nadeem Stromberg, Michael P. Stewart, Donald A. Zhang, Lu Ranade, Swati S. Warner, Jason B. Lee, Clarence C. Coleman, Brittney E. Zhang, Zheng McLaughlin, Stephen F. Malek, Joel A. Sorenson, Jon M. Blanchard, Alan P. Chapman, Jarrod Hillman, David Chen, Feng Rokhsar, Daniel S. McKernan, Kevin J. Jeffries, Thomas W. Marth, Gabor T. Richardson, Paul M. TI Rapid whole-genome mutational profiling using next-generation sequencing technologies SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YEAST PICHIA-STIPITIS; XYLOSE; DISCOVERY AB Forward genetic mutational studies, adaptive evolution, and phenotypic screening are powerful tools for creating new variant organisms with desirable traits. However, mutations generated in the process cannot be easily identified with traditional genetic tools. We show that new high-throughput, massively parallel sequencing technologies can completely and accurately characterize a mutant genome relative to a previously sequenced parental (reference) strain. We studied a mutant strain of Pichia stipitis, a yeast capable of converting xylose to ethanol. This unusually efficient mutant strain was developed through repeated rounds of chemical mutagenesis, strain selection, transformation, and genetic manipulation over a period of seven years. We resequenced this strain on three different sequencing platforms. Surprisingly, we found fewer than a dozen mutations in open reading frames. All three sequencing technologies were able to identify each single nucleotide mutation given at least 10-15-fold nominal sequence coverage. Our results show that detecting mutations in evolved and engineered organisms is rapid and cost-effective at the whole-genome level using new sequencing technologies. Identification of specific mutations in strains with altered phenotypes will add insight into specific gene functions and guide further metabolic engineering efforts. C1 [Smith, Douglas R.; Makowsky, Kathryn; Tao, Wei; Woolf, Betty; Shen, Lei; Donahue, William F.; Tusneem, Nadeem] Agencourt Biosci Corp, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. [Quinlan, Aaron R.; Stromberg, Michael P.; Stewart, Donald A.; Zhang, Lu; Marth, Gabor T.] Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Peckham, Heather E.; Ranade, Swati S.; Warner, Jason B.; Lee, Clarence C.; Coleman, Brittney E.; Zhang, Zheng; McLaughlin, Stephen F.; Malek, Joel A.; Sorenson, Jon M.; Blanchard, Alan P.; McKernan, Kevin J.] Appl Biosyst Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. [Zhang, Zheng] Appl Biosyst Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. [Chapman, Jarrod; Hillman, David; Chen, Feng; Rokhsar, Daniel S.; Richardson, Paul M.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Jeffries, Thomas W.] US Forest Serv, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Agencourt Biosci Corp, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. EM douglas.smith@agencourt.com; marth@bc.edu; PaulRichardson@Progentech.com RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; McKernan, Kevin/0000-0002-3908-1122; Quinlan, Aaron/0000-0003-1756-0859; Blanchard, Alan/0000-0002-4446-1648 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG003698-03, R01 HG003698, R01 HG003698-01, R01 HG003698-02, R01 HG003698-04, R01 HG003698-05, R01 HG003698-05S1] NR 12 TC 163 Z9 179 U1 5 U2 36 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1638 EP 1642 DI 10.1101/gr.077776.108 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 355HU UT WOS:000259700800010 PM 18775913 ER PT J AU Buell, J Scott, T Dawson-Hughes, B Dallal, G Rosenberg, I Folstein, M Tucker, K AF Buell, J. Scott, T. Dawson-Hughes, B. Dallal, G. Rosenberg, I. Folstein, M. Tucker, K. TI VITAMIN D STATUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES IN URBAN DWELLING ELDERS RECEIVING HOMECARE SERVICES SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Buell, J.; Rosenberg, I.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. [Scott, T.; Folstein, M.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Dawson-Hughes, B.; Dallal, G.; Tucker, K.] Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 SI 3 BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 399PA UT WOS:000262810600673 ER PT J AU Kritchevsky, SB Fielding, R AF Kritchevsky, S. B. Fielding, R. TI PATHWAYS TO MOBILITY DISABILITY: LESSONS FROM THE LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS AND INDEPENDENCE FOR ELDERS (LIFE) PILOT STUDY SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kritchevsky, S. B.] Sticht Ctr Aging, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Fielding, R.] Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2008 VL 48 SI 3 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 399PA UT WOS:000262810600686 ER PT J AU Weber, KT Seefeldt, S Moffet, C Norton, J AF Weber, Keith T. Seefeldt, Steven Moffet, Corey Norton, Jill TI Comparing Fire Severity Models from Post-Fire and Pre/Post-Fire Differenced Imagery SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; BURN SEVERITY; CLASSIFICATION; RANGELAND; WILDFIRE; ETM+ AB Wildland fires are common in rangelands worldwide. The potential for high-severity fires to affect long-term changes in rangelands is considerable, and for this reason assessing fire severity shortly after the fire is critical. Such assessments are typically carried out following Burned Area Emergency Response teams or similar protocols. These data can then be used by land managers to plan remediation and future land uses. To complement these procedures and explore fire severity modeling of sagebrush steppe rangelands, we compared models developed using (1) post-fire imagery only with (2) differenced imagery (pre-fire minus post-fire imagery). All models were developed from Classification Tree Analysis (CTA) techniques using Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre 5 (SPOT 5) imagery and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation data. The results indicate that both techniques produced similar fire severity models (model agreement = 98.5%) and that little improvement in overall accuracy was gained by using differenced imagery (0.5%). We suggest the use of CTA models developed using only the post-fire imagery. The analyses and techniques described in this paper provide land managers with tools to better justify their recommendations and decisions following wildland fires in sagebrush steppe ecosystems and provide remote sensing scientists with information that will potentially improve future modeling efforts. C1 [Weber, Keith T.] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Seefeldt, Steven] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, SubArctic Agr Res Unit, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Moffet, Corey] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Norton, Jill] Blaine Cty, Hailey, ID 83333 USA. RP Weber, KT (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM webekeit@isu.edu OI Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center [NNG05GB05G] FX This study was made possible by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center (NNG05GB05G). Idaho State University would also like to acknowledge the Idaho Delegation for their assistance in obtaining this grant. In addition, we would like to acknowledge the assistance of Jamen Underwood and Penny Gneiting in field data collection efforts and research in rangeland fire severity modeling, as well as the statistical consultation of Teri Peterson and the assistance of Sharon Paris. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 392 EP 405 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.45.4.392 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 386CP UT WOS:000261860200002 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ He, HS Kabrick, JM AF Wang, Cuizhen He, Hong S. Kabrick, John M. TI A Remote Sensing-Assisted Risk Rating Study to Predict Oak Decline and Recovery in the Missouri Ozark Highlands, USA SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WATER-CONTENT; LIQUID WATER; MORTALITY; INDEX AB Forests in the Ozark Highlands underwent widespread oak decline affected by severe droughts in 1999-2000. In this study, the differential normalized difference water index was calculated to detect crown dieback. A multi-factor risk rating system was built to map risk levels of stands. As a quick response to drought, decline in 2000 mostly occurred in stands at low to medium risk, which often recovered within a few years. Decline in 2003, as longer-term response to drought, dominated in stands at medium to high risk. This study demonstrates that remote sensing can be applied to predict oak decline and to mitigate damage before another stressor event Occurs. C1 [Wang, Cuizhen] Univ Missouri, Dept Geog, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kabrick, John M.] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geog, 8 Stewart Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wangcu@missouri.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 406 EP 425 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.45.4.406 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 386CP UT WOS:000261860200003 ER PT J AU Gerten, D Luo, Y Le Maire, G Parton, WJ Keough, C Weng, E Beier, C Ciais, P Cramer, W Dukes, JS Hanson, PJ Knapp, AAK Linder, S Nepstad, D Rustad, L Sowerby, A AF Gerten, Dieter Luo, Yiqi Le Maire, Guerric Parton, William J. Keough, Cindy Weng, Ensheng Beier, Claus Ciais, Philippe Cramer, Wolfgang Dukes, Jeffrey S. Hanson, Paul J. Knapp, Alan A. K. Linder, Sune Nepstad, Dan Rustad, Lindsey Sowerby, Alwyn TI Modelled effects of precipitation on ecosystem carbon and water dynamics in different climatic zones SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; DGVM; drought; ecosystem modelling; NPP; precipitation; soil respiration; water limitation; water stress ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; UPLAND-OAK FOREST; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; AMAZON FOREST; ELEVATED CO2; SATELLITE DATA; DUKE FOREST; SOIL; PRODUCTIVITY; PLANT AB The ongoing changes in the global climate expose the world's ecosystems not only to increasing CO2 concentrations and temperatures but also to altered precipitation (P) regimes. Using four well-established process-based ecosystem models (LPJ, DayCent, ORCHIDEE, TECO), we explored effects of potential P changes on water limitation and net primary production (NPP) in seven terrestrial ecosystems with distinctive vegetation types in different hydroclimatic zones. We found that NPP responses to P changes differed not only among sites but also within a year at a given site. The magnitudes of NPP change were basically determined by the degree of ecosystem water limitation, which was quantified here using the ratio between atmospheric transpirational demand and soil water supply. Humid sites and/or periods were least responsive to any change in P as compared with moderately humid or dry sites/periods. We also found that NPP responded more strongly to doubling or halving of P amount and a seasonal shift in P occurrence than that to altered P frequency and intensity at constant annual amounts. The findings were highly robust across the four models especially in terms of the direction of changes and largely consistent with earlier P manipulation experiments and modelling results. Overall, this study underscores the widespread importance of P as a driver of change in ecosystems, although the ultimate response of a particular site will depend on the detailed nature and seasonal timing of P change. C1 [Gerten, Dieter; Cramer, Wolfgang] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Luo, Yiqi; Weng, Ensheng] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Le Maire, Guerric; Ciais, Philippe] CEA CNRS UVSQ, UMR, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Parton, William J.; Keough, Cindy] Univ Colorado, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Beier, Claus] Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Biosyst Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Hanson, Paul J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Knapp, Alan A. K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knapp, Alan A. K.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Linder, Sune] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, So Swedish Forest Res Ctr, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. [Nepstad, Dan] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rustad, Lindsey] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Cumberland, ME 04021 USA. [Sowerby, Alwyn] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UP, Gwynedd, England. RP Gerten, D (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Telegrafenberg A62, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM gerten@pik-potsdam.de RI Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Weng, Ensheng/E-4390-2012; Gerten, Dieter/B-2975-2013; Beier, Claus/E-6288-2013; Cramer, Wolfgang/B-8221-2008; le Maire, Guerric/P-6378-2014; Beier, Claus/C-1789-2016 OI Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Weng, Ensheng/0000-0002-1858-4847; Cramer, Wolfgang/0000-0002-9205-5812; Beier, Claus/0000-0003-0348-7179 FU European Commission [016066]; TERACC initiative; CLIMAITE FX We thank Paulo Brando, Nona Chiariello and Susy Lutz for collating observational data. Stefanie Rost and Sibyll Schaphoff are gratefully acknowledged for technical assistance. Many participants of the EPRECOT workshop in Helsingor ( May 2006) helped to shape this study through open discussions. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments. This study was conducted in the framework of the Workshop and Networking Activity EPRECOT ( Effects of Precipitation Change on Terrestrial Ecosystems), co-funded by the European Commission (FP6 programme, contract no. 016066), the TERACC initiative ( Terrestrial Ecosystem Responses to Atmospheric and Climatic Change) and the CLIMAITE project (www.climaite.dk). NR 70 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 10 BP 2365 EP 2379 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01651.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 350NW UT WOS:000259360500011 ER PT J AU Heuvel, JEV Lewers, K AF Heuvel, Justine E. Vanden Lewers, Kimberly TI Introduction to workshop: Breeding, growing, and marketing of repeat-fruiting small fruit cultivars for an extended season SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE primocane; raspberry; blackberry; strawberry C1 [Heuvel, Justine E. Vanden] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Cranberry Expt Stn, E Wareham, MA 02538 USA. [Lewers, Kimberly] USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heuvel, JEV (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Cranberry Expt Stn, 1 State Bog Rd,POB 569, E Wareham, MA 02538 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1634 EP 1634 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900001 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, M Glenn, DM Gusta, L Fuller, MP AF Wisniewski, Michael Glenn, D. Michael Gusta, Lawrence Fuller, Michael P. TI Using infrared thermography to study freezing in plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Breeding, Growing, and Marketing of Repeat-Fruiting Small Fruit Cultivars for an Extended Season CY JUL 27, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Fruit Breeding Working Grp, Viticulture & Small Fruit Working Grp DE ice nucleation active bacteria; supercooling; kaolin; frost protection; ice nucleation ID HYDROPHOBIC PARTICLE FILM; ICE NUCLEATION; VIDEO THERMOGRAPHY; PROPAGATION AB Factors that determine when and to what extent a plant will freeze are complex. Although thermocouples have served as the main method of monitoring the freezing process in plants, infrared (IR) thermography offers distinct advantages and the use of this latter technology has provided new insights on the processes of ice nucleation and propagation. This technology is based on the fact that freezing is an exothermic event. The temperature and spatial resolution of a high-resolution IR camera has enabled researchers to clearly define initial sites of nucleation as well as monitor the ice front as it spreads into surrounding tissues. Ice nucleation is induced by both extrinsic and intrinsic nucleators. Ice nucleation-active bacteria and moisture are two major extrinsic agents. In herbaceous plants, the influence of extrinsic ice nucleators on ice nucleation can be moderated by thick cuticles or the application of synthetic hydrophobic barriers. The situation in woody plants, however, is different. Woody plants appear to possess native, intrinsic nucleating agents that are as active as many extrinsic agents. However, the identity of the intrinsic nucleating agents in woody plants is not known. Despite the presence of intrinsic nucleating agents, barriers exist in woody plants that inhibit growth of ice from older stems into primary, lateral appendages. This is important because many tissues in woody plants that are frost-sensitive are flowers and primary, elongating shoot tissues that arise from buds attached to older stems. Pictures derived from video segments of the freezing process and data on the ability to block nucleation through the use of hydrophobic kaolin are provided. C1 [Wisniewski, Michael; Glenn, D. Michael] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Gusta, Lawrence] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [Fuller, Michael P.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Biol Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.wisniewski@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1648 EP 1651 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900006 ER PT J AU Kubota, C McClure, MA Kokalis-Burelle, N Bausher, MG Rosskopf, EN AF Kubota, Chieri McClure, Michael A. Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy Bausher, Michael G. Rosskopf, Erin N. TI Vegetable grafting: History, use, and current technology status in North America SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Breeding, Growing, and Marketing of Repeat-Fruiting Small Fruit Cultivars for an Extended Season CY JUL 27, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Fruit Breeding Working Grp, Viticulture & Small Fruit Working Grp DE automation; controlled environment; cucurbit; methyl bromide; root-knot nematode; rootstock; scion; Solanaceae ID CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; RESISTANT; TEMPERATURE; TOMATO; CULTIVATION; MELOIDOGYNE; ROOTSTOCK; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH AB Grafting of vegetable seedlings is a unique horticultural technology practiced for many years in East Asia to overcome issues associated with intensive cultivation using limited arable land. This technology was introduced to Europe and other countries in the late 20th century along with improved grafting methods suitable for commercial production of grafted vegetable seedlings. Later, grafting was introduced to North America from Europe and it is now attracting growing interest, both from greenhouse growers and organic producers. Grafting onto specific rootstocks generally provides resistance to soilborne diseases and nematodes and increases yield. Grafting is an effective technology for use in combination with more sustainable crop production practices, including reduced rates and overall use of soil fumigants in many other countries. Currently, over 40 million grafted tomato seedlings are estimated to be used annually in North American greenhouses, and several commercial trials have been conducted for promoting use of grafted melon seedlings in open fields. Nevertheless, there are issues identified that currently limit adoption of grafted seedlings in North America. One issue unique to North America is the large number of seedlings needed in a single shipment for large-scale, open-field production systems. Semi- or fully-automated grafting robots were invented by several agricultural machine industries in the 1990s, yet the available models are limited. The lack of flexibility of the existing robots also limits their wider use. Strategies to resolve these issues are discussed, including the use of a highly controlled environment to promote the standardized seedlings suitable for automation and better storage techniques. To use this technology widely in North American fresh vegetable production, more information and locally collected scientific and technical data are needed. C1 [Kubota, Chieri; McClure, Michael A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy; Bausher, Michael G.; Rosskopf, Erin N.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Kubota, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, 303 Forbes Bldg, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ckubota@ag.arizona.ed NR 30 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1664 EP 1669 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900008 ER PT J AU Davis, AR Perkins-Veazie, P Hassell, R Levi, A King, SR Zhang, XP AF Davis, Angela R. Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Hassell, Richard Levi, Amnon King, Stephen R. Zhang, Xingping TI Grafting effects on vegetable quality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Breeding, Growing, and Marketing of Repeat-Fruiting Small Fruit Cultivars for an Extended Season CY JUL 27, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Fruit Breeding Working Grp, Viticulture & Small Fruit Working Grp DE carotenoid; soluble solids; cucurbit; tomato; flavor; pH ID FUSARIUM-WILT; ROOTSTOCK RESISTANCE; PHLOEM PROTEINS; MESSENGER-RNA; PLANTS; YIELD; MELON; WATERMELON; TRANSPORT; CUCURBITACEAE AB Vegetable grafting began in the 1920s using resistant rootstock to control soilborne diseases. This process is now common in Asia, parts of Europe, and the Middle East. In Japan and Korea, most of the cucurbits and tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown are grafted. This practice is rare in the United States, and there have been few experiments to determine optimal grafting production practices for different geographical and climatic regions in America. This is beginning to change as a result of the phase out of methyl bromide. The U.S. cucurbit and tomato industries are evaluating grafting as a viable option for disease control. Because reports indicate that type of rootstock alters yield and quality attributes of the scion fruit, some seed companies are investigating grafting as a means to improve quality. It has been reported that pH, flavor, sugar, color, carotenoid content, and texture can be affected by grafting and the type of rootstock used. Reports vary on whether grafting effects are advantageous or deleterious, but it is usually agreed that the rootstock/scion combination must be carefully chosen for optimal fruit quality. Additionally, it is important to study rootstock/scion combinations under multiple climatic and geographic conditions because many rootstocks have optimal temperature and moisture ranges. This report gives an overview of the effect of grafting on vegetable quality. C1 [Davis, Angela R.; Perkins-Veazie, Penelope] ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Hassell, Richard] Clemson Univ, CREC, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Levi, Amnon] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [King, Stephen R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhang, Xingping] Syngenta Seeds, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. RP Davis, AR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159,Highway 3 W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM angela.davis@lane-ag.org NR 44 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1670 EP 1672 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900009 ER PT J AU King, SR Davis, AR Liu, WG Levi, A AF King, Stephen R. Davis, Angela R. Liu, Wenge Levi, Amnon TI Grafting for disease resistance SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Breeding, Growing, and Marketing of Repeat-Fruiting Small Fruit Cultivars for an Extended Season CY JUL 27, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Fruit Breeding Working Grp, Viticulture & Small Fruit Working Grp DE methyl bromide alternatives; cucumber; melon; watermelon; tomato; eggplant; rootstock ID METHYL-BROMIDE; FUSARIUM-WILT; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; BACTERIAL WILT; MONOSPORASCUS-CANNONBALLUS; ROOTSTOCK RESISTANCE; VERTICILLIUM WILT; SOIL FUMIGATION; TOMATO; YIELD AB The primary purpose of grafting vegetables worldwide has been to provide resistance to soilborne diseases. The potential loss of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant combined with pathogen resistance to commonly used pesticides will make resistance to soilborne pathogens even more important in the future. The major disease problems addressed by grafting include fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, verticillium wilt, monosporascus root rot, and nematodes. Grafting has also been shown in some instances to increase tolerance to foliar fungal diseases, viruses, and insects. If the area devoted to grafting increases in the future, there will likely be a shift in the soil microbial environment that could lead to the development of new diseases or changes in the pathogen population of current diseases. This shift in pathogen populations could lead to the development of new diseases or the re-emergence of previously controlled diseases. Although grafting has been demonstrated to control many common diseases, the ultimate success will likely depend on how well we monitor for changes in pathogen populations and other unexpected consequences. C1 [King, Stephen R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Davis, Angela R.] ARS, USDA, SCARL, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Liu, Wenge] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Zhngzhou, Peoples R China. [Levi, Amnon] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP King, SR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM srking@tamu.edu NR 36 TC 76 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1673 EP 1676 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900010 ER PT J AU Quintana, A Freyre, R Davis, TM Griesbach, RJ AF Quintana, Andrea Freyre, Rosanna Davis, Thomas M. Griesbach, Robert J. TI Genetic studies of flower color in Anagallis monelli L. SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Myrsinaceae; Primulaceae; anthocyanidins; anthocyanins; pelargonidin; delphinidin; malvidin; genetic segregation ratios ID PETUNIA-HYBRIDA; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; DIPLOID STRAWBERRY; PRIMULACEAE; ANTHOCYANIN; FLAVONOIDS; BIOCHEMISTRY; INHERITANCE; DISTORTION; LINKAGE AB Wild Anagallis monelli exhibits blue or orange flower colors in geographically isolated populations. A new red flower color was developed through breeding, and a three-gene model was proposed for the inheritance of flower color in this species. In this study, blue and orange wild diploid accessions were used as parents to develop six F-2 populations (n = 19 to 64). Sexual compatibility between blue and orange wild individuals was low with only 29% of the hybridizations producing F, individuals. Six of 14 cross combinations between F, siblings produced fruits, and fruiting success ranged from 55% to 90%. The number of seeds per fruit averaged 14.1 and germination rates for the F2S were low (16.8% to 30.7%). In three of six F-2 populations obtained, flower color segregation ratios for orange, blue, and red were not significantly different from the expected ratios under a previously proposed three-gene model. White flower color was obtained as a fourth color variant in two of the remaining F-2 populations. For one of these populations, segregation ratios were not significantly different from expected ratios for an expanded four-gene model. White flowers did not contain anthocyanidins, suggesting that there was a mutation in the early stage of the anthocyanin pathway. Orange flower color was found to be primarily the result of pelargonidin, blue to malvidin, and red to delphinidin. These three pigments may be present simultaneously, and their ratios play a significant role in determining flower color. Other factors such as copigments, metal ions, or a different molecular conformation of the anthocyanin could also be involved in flower color determination. C1 [Quintana, Andrea; Freyre, Rosanna] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Griesbach, Robert J.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Freyre, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, POB 110670, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM rfreyre@ufl.edu FU Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation Inc FX This is Scientific Contribution Number 2305 from the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. This study was also partly supported by a 2004-2005 grant from The Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation, Inc. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1680 EP 1685 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900012 ER PT J AU Mou, BQ AF Mou, Beiquan TI Evaluation of oxalate concentration in the US spinach germplasm collection SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding; germplasm screening; nutritional quality; oxalic acid; Spinacia oleracea; Spinacia tetrandra; Spinacia turkestanica ID OXALIC-ACID; NITRATE; CULTIVARS AB The entire USDA spinach (Spinacia oleracea) germplasm collection (338 accessions) and 11 commercial cultivars were screened for oxalate concentration. There were significant differences in oxalate concentration among the genotypes evaluated, ranging from 5.3% to 11.6% on a dry weight basis. The low-oxalate genotypes identified in our experiments are all S. oleracea. None of the two S. tetrandra and four S. turkestanica accessions screened had low levels of oxalate. Two accessions from Syria, PI 445782 (cultivar name Shami) and PI 445784 (cultivar name Baladi), consistently had low oxalate concentration. When expressed on a fresh weight basis, oxalate concentration may be affected by the moisture content of the plant. Oxalate concentration had little correlation with leaf types (flat or savoy) and leaf weight per plant. With the genetic variation and sources of low oxalate concentration found, breeding of spinach for a low level of oxalate seems feasible. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Mou, BQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM beiquan.mou@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1690 EP 1693 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900014 ER PT J AU Jarret, RL Berke, T AF Jarret, Robert Lawrence Berke, Terry TI Variation for fruit morphological characteristics in a Capsicum chinense Jacq. germplasm collection SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE habanero; fruit morphology; distributions; taxonomy; evolution ID GENUS CAPSICUM; SOLANACEAE; CHILI; EVOLUTION AB Mature fruit of 330 accessions of Capsicum chinense Jacq. from the USDA/ARS Capsicum germplasm collection were characterized for fruit length, width, weight, and color. Mean fruit length was determined to be 47 mm with a range from 7.9 mm to 113.7 mm. Mean fruit width was 21.17 mm with a range of 6.18 mm to 40.0 mm. Mean fruit weight was 6.31 g with a range of 0.18 g to 22.7 g. Distributions of all characteristics were positively skewed. Distributions of fruit length, fruit weight, and fruit length/width failed the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality. The distribution for fruit width was normal. Ninety-two percent of the accessions examined were elongate. Mature fruit colors included red, orange, yellow, brown (chocolate), and cream. The germplasm collection contained primarily pendent larger-fruited cultivated forms of the species, but also contained upright small-fruited primitive and semipendent transitional forms. These data define the variability for mature fruit characteristics within this germplasm collection and provide a baseline against which future introductions/acquisitions can be compared. Additional sampling of the gene pool might be expected to substantially enhance the genetic variability within the primitive forms of this species. C1 [Jarret, Robert Lawrence] ARS, USDA, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Berke, Terry] Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. RP Jarret, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM Bob.Jarret@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1694 EP 1697 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900015 ER PT J AU Mou, BQ Koike, ST du Toit, LJ AF Mou, Beiquan Koike, Steven T. du Toit, Lindsey J. TI Screening for resistance to leaf spot diseases of spinach SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Stemphylium botryosum; Cladosporium variabile; germplasm; breeding; Spinacia oleracea; Spinacia tetrandra; Spinacia turkestanica ID STEMPHYLIUM-BOTRYOSUM; CLADOSPORIUM-VARIABILE; SEED AB The entire U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) germplasm collection (338 accessions) and 22 commercial cultivars were evaluated for resistance to leaf spot caused by Stemphylium botryosum in a greenhouse trial with two replications in 2004. The resistant and susceptible accessions identified as well as the 22 commercial cultivars were included in a second test in 2005 with four replications to confirm the results. No genotype was completely resistant (immune) to the disease. However, there were significant differences in disease incidence (percent of plants with leaf spot) and severity (percent diseased leaf area) among the genotypes tested. Two accessions from Turkey, PI 169685 and PI 173809, consistently had low disease incidence and severity ratings. Two Spinacia tetrandra and four Spinacia turkestanica accessions screened in these public germplasm tests were all susceptible. None of the commercial cultivars tested consistently had low disease incidence or severity. There was no significant correlation between disease incidence/severity and leaf type (smooth, semisavoy, or savoy). In addition to the public germplasm evaluated, 138 proprietary spinach genotypes (breeding lines and cultivars) were obtained from seed companies and screened along with 10 accessions from the USDA germplasm collection for resistance to Stemphylium leaf spot and Cladosporium leaf spot (caused by Cladosporium variabile) in a greenhouse in both 2004 and 2005. Significant differences in severity of leaf spot were observed among the genotypes for both diseases. For each disease, there was a significant positive correlation in severity ratings of the genotypes between the 2004 and 2005 trials. Information on the relative resistance (or susceptibility) of the spinach germplasm evaluated in this study should be useful for plant breeders to develop leaf spot-resistant cultivars. C1 [Mou, Beiquan] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Koike, Steven T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. [du Toit, Lindsey J.] Washington State Univ, Mt Vernon NWREC, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. RP Mou, BQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM beiquan.mou@ars.usda.gov FU USDA FX This research was supported in part by a USDA germplasm evaluation grant, the Puget Sound Seed Growers' Association, and the Alfred Christianson Endowment. We thank JoAnn Tanaka, Katherine Kammeijer, Mike Derie, and Louise Brissey for technical assistance; and Philip Brown and Karunakaran Maruthachalam for critical review and discussion of the manuscript. We also thank the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, and seed companies for providing spinach seeds for this research. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute an endorsement, guarantee, or warranty by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may be suitable. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1706 EP 1710 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900018 ER PT J AU Mou, BQ AF Mou, Beiquan TI Leafminer resistance in spinach SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Liriomyza langei; Liriomyza huidobrensis; insect resistance; germplasm; breeding; Spinacia oleracea; Spinacia tetrandra; Spinacia turkestanica ID LIRIOMYZA-TRIFOLII DIPTERA; HOST-PLANT-RESISTANCE; AGROMYZIDAE; LETTUCE; HUIDOBRENSIS AB Leafminer (Liriomzyza spp.) is a major insect pest of many important agricultural crops, including spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Genetic variability in leafminer resistance has not been studied for spinach. The purposes of the present experiments were to evaluate differences in leafminer damage among spinach genotypes, to compare results obtained from insect cage and field experiments, and to study the association among different resistant traits. We screened 345 accessions of the U.S. spinach collection for leafminer resistance in an outdoor insect cage and putative resistant genotypes were further tested in the cage and in the field over 2 years. Although no genotype was immune to leafminers, significant genotypic differences were found for leafminer stings per unit leaf area, mines per plant, and mines per 100 g plant weight. PI 274065 had the lowest sting density, whereas PI 174385 showed the fewest mines per unit plant weight among genotypes in the field. Rank order of stings per square centimeter leaf area did not significantly change for the genotypes in the cage and field tests, and the sting results from different tests were also highly correlated, suggesting that a cage test could be used to screen germplasm for fewer leafminer stings, and sting density is a reliable trait for the selection of leafminer feeding nonpreference. Stings per unit leaf area were not correlated with mines per plant or per 100 g plant weight, which suggests that feeding nonpreference does not necessarily mean oviposition-nonpreference for a spinach genotype and these two traits can be improved independently. Stings per square centimeter leaf and mines per 100 g plant weight had little correlation with plant weight in cage and field tests, suggesting that leafminer sting and mine densities are not associated with plant biomass, and it is possible to improve and combine the leafminer resistance and yield traits in a spinach cultivar. From these findings, the genetic improvement of spinach for leafminer resistance seems feasible. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Mou, BQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM beiquan.mou@ars.usda.gov FU California Lettuce Research Board FX This research was supported in part by a grant from the California Lettuce Research Board. We thank JoAnn Tanaka and Sharon Benzen for technical assistance and Shachar Shem-Tov for critical review and discussion of the manuscript. We also thank the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, for providing seeds of the spinach collection for this research. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1716 EP 1719 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900020 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, Vincent M. TI Plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rate on yield and nutrient content of onion developed from greenhouse-grown transplants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bareroot; hoop-house; Candy; Texas Grano 1015 Y ID CV CREAM GOLD; BULB QUALITY; IRRIGATION; SIZE; AGE AB Onions (Allium cepa L.) can be established from seed or transplants. The latter planting material can be dormant or actively growing when transplanted to the field. Onion transplants can be produced in a greenhouse, but additional information is needed regarding the cultural requirements after transplanting. Greenhouse-grown transplants of 'Candy', intermediate-day variety, and 'Texas Grano 1015 Y', short-day variety, were established at densities of approximate to 34,000, 68,000, or 102,000 plants/ha and 100 (recommended) and 400 kg.ha(-1) of nitrogen in mid-March of 2006 and 2007. Nitrogen fertilizer rate did not affect yield. Yield of 'Candy' was greater than for 'Texas Grano 1015 Y'. Yield of both cultivars increased as density increased, and yield of 'Texas Grano 1015 Y' was higher in 2006 than in 2007. 'Candy' had higher numbers of large-sized bulbs and 'Texas Grano 1015 Y' more small bulbs. Bulb nutrient content was affected by year with nitrate-N, potassium, sodium, and SO4 being higher in 2006 and nitrite-N, calcium, magnesium, PO4, and soluble solids higher in 2007. 'Candy' had a higher soluble solids (degrees Brix) content than did 'Texas Grano 1015 Y'. In 2007, precipitation was higher than in 2006. This may have contributed to the year response and it appears that 'Candy' was better able to respond in a more uniform manner to the changed environmental conditions. For plants developed from greenhouse-grown transplants, the recommended rate of fertilizer and the highest plant density are beneficial to improved marketable yield. C1 ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, 911 Highway 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vrusso-usda@lane-ag.org NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1759 EP 1764 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900028 ER PT J AU Williams, MM AF Williams, Martin M., II TI Sweet corn growth and yield responses to planting dates of the north central United States SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE canopy; maize; phenology; photoperiod; photosynthesis; Zea mays ID ZEA-MAYS L.; WEED-CONTROL; TEMPERATURE; CULTIVARS; QUALITY AB Sweet corn is planted over a 3-month period in the north central United States to extend availability for fresh market and processing; however, the extent to which development and growth of sweet corn changes during this period is unreported. Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to determine the effect of five planting dates, ranging from mid-April to early July, on sweet corn establishment, growth, and yield components. Day length at the time of silking decreased from 15.1 h in the mid-April planting to 13.7 h in the early July planting. Development took 13 to 25 fewer days from emergence to silking for the hybrid 'BC0805', an 82-day augmented sugar enhancer endosperm type, as planting was delayed from mid-April to early July. Maximum height generally increased through planting dates with as much as 23% taller plants in early July versus mid-April planted sweet corn. While leaf mass was unaffected by planting date, maximum leaf number and rate of leaf appearance steadily decreased with later planting dates. Lower reproductive and total biomass at silking as well as marketable ear yield components were lowest in the early July planting date and were associated with presence of maize dwarf mosaic virus in leaf samples. In response to environmental conditions, the crop canopy undergoes distinct morphological changes as planting is delayed, and those changes may have implications for crop production. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM Martin.Williams@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1775 EP 1779 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900031 ER PT J AU Grieve, CM Poss, JA Shouse, PJ Carter, CT AF Grieve, Catherine M. Poss, James A. Shouse, Peter J. Carter, Christy T. TI Modeling growth of Matthiola incana in response to saline wastewaters differing in nitrogen level SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE floriculture; mineral ion relations; phasic growth; sand cultures; stock; water reuse ID SALT TOLERANCE; WATER; CHLORIDE; IRRIGATION; NUTRITION; NITRATE; PLANTS; CROPS; WHEAT AB The capture and reuse of nutrient-rich greenhouse effluents may be an environmentally sound option for floriculture production, which would conserve fresh water resources and reduce off-site pollution of surface and groundwaters. This study was initiated in 24 outdoor lysimeters to determine effects of salinity and varying concentrations of nitrogen on the growth, yield, and ion relations of stock [Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br.] cultivar Cheerful White. The experiment was a 4 x 4 factorial, partially replicated design with four irrigation water salinities (2, 5, 8, and 11 dS.m(-1)) and four nitrate concentrations (2.5,3.6, 5.4, and 7.1 mmol.L-1; N = 35, 50, 75, and 100 ppm). Ammonium nitrogen was included in the nutrient solutions. Stem lengths were measured three times weekly. Measurements at final harvest were stem and inflorescence lengths, stem and floret diameters, number of axillary buds and florets, and shoot and root fresh weights. Time course of stem elongation was quantified as a function of thermal time with a phasic growth model. Salinity significantly delayed initiation of the exponential growth phase, shortened its duration, and reduced the rate of plant development. The overall effect was to delay time to harvest of marketable stems. Although length of the flowering stems decreased with increasing salinity, marketable stems (approximate to 60 cm) were produced in all treatments. Mineral ion relations in the plant tissues were influenced significantly, but independently, by both salinity and nitrogen. Leaf sodium, magnesium, and chlorine concentrations increased with increasing salinity; calcium and potassium decreased. In response to increasing external nitrogen, both potassium and chlorine decreased; sodium increased, whereas calcium and magnesium were unaffected. We conclude that in closed-loop irrigation systems, the nitrogen requirements for stock are low and that growers could minimize costs and limit off-site pollution by reducing nitrogen inputs. C1 [Grieve, Catherine M.; Poss, James A.; Shouse, Peter J.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Carter, Christy T.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Grieve, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Catherine.Grieve@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1787 EP 1793 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900033 ER PT J AU Schneider, SM Ajwa, HA Trout, TJ Gao, S AF Schneider, Sally M. Ajwa, Husein A. Trout, Thomas J. Gao, Suduan TI Nematode control from shank- and drip-applied fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE drip fumigation; shank fumigation; nursery ID SOIL FUMIGANT; PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; IRRIGATION SYSTEMS; IODIDE; MANAGEMENT; DOSAGE; NEMATICIDES; CARROT AB Field studies were conducted to evaluate potential alternatives to methyl bromide (MBr) for the control of plant parasitic nematodes in shallow-rooted, bedded cropping systems such as strawberry and in perennial nursery cropping systems in central California. Chloropicrin (Pic), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D or Telone), combinations of 1,3-D + Pic, iodomethane (IM) + Pic, propargyl bromide (PBr), and metam sodium (MS) were compared with untreated controls and industry standard MBr/Pic treatments. Materials were applied by both shank-injection and drip-application, except MS and PBr, which were applied only by drip. The efficacy on citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb) and/or root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp. Chitwood) control was investigated in three trials conducted on soils ranging from sandy loam to silty clay loam. All treatments controlled nematodes near the injection point (center of bed and moderate depths) comparable to MBr/Pic. Drip-applied Pic provided somewhat less control than MBr/Pic at the shoulder of the bed when delivered in 25 mm of water and MS provided no control at the bed shoulder. IM + Pic, both shank-injected and drip-applied, provided nematode control to a depth of 150 cm comparable to MBr/Pic. Telone EC applied to a dry field in 75 mm water did not control nematodes well at either 90- or 150-cm depths, whereas PBr controlled nematodes as effectively as MBr/Pic at the 90-cm depth, but not at the 150-cm depth. Propargyl bromide at 67 kg-ha(-1) was effective at killing the nematodes up to 30 em deep in a strawberry plant bed. The dosage exposure values (within 96 It after fumigation) observed for greater than 99% control of nematodes were much lower for PBr (approximate to 1 mg.L(-1).h) than those for 1,3-D + Pic (17 mg-L(-1).h when applied at 61:35 1,3-D:Pic mass ratio), Pic alone (10 mg.L(-1).h), and IM +Pic (19 mg.L(-1).h when applied at 50:50 mass ratio). Drip application technology showed promise for effective alternatives to MBr/Pic. Consistent delivery of an effective dosage of a material throughout the target soil profile is necessary for consideration as an acceptable alternative to MBr for high-value crops. C1 [Gao, Suduan] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ajwa, Husein A.] Univ Calif, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Schneider, Sally M.] USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Suduan.Gao@ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 FU University of California Bay Area Research and Education Center; Tri-Cal; Arysta; Dow AgroSciences; Ni-klor; Albermarle; AmVac FX We thank Don Wade, Ernie Levya, and Paul Neipp for technical support and the University of California Bay Area Research and Education Center, Tri-Cal, Arysta, Dow AgroSciences, Ni-klor, Albermarle, and AmVac for financial support and in-kind donations of chemicals and land. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1826 EP 1832 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900040 ER PT J AU Donahoo, RS Lamour, KH AF Donahoo, Ryan S. Lamour, Kurt H. TI Characterization of Phytophthora species from leaves of nursery woody ornamentals in Tennessee SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora; Ericaceae; AFLP ID IRRIGATION WATER; GENETIC-VARIATION; PIERIS-JAPONICA; CAPSICI; RHODODENDRON; SPP.; STRAWBERRY; DIVERSITY; CITRICOLA; MICHIGAN AB Species of Phytophthora are ubiquitous in ornamental production resulting in significant crop losses. In Tennessee, national surveys for the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in 2004 and 2005 led to the isolation of Phytophthora species causing disease in nursery-grown or handled woody ornamentals or both. Isolates recovered were identified to species using direct sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and examination of morphological characters. Six known species (P. cactorum, P. citricola, P. citrophthora, P. nicotianae, P. palmivora, P. tropicalis) and one newly described species (P.foliorum) were recovered from ericaceous hosts. The most common species recovered were P. citricola and P. citrophthora. Genetic analysis using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers revealed intraspecific genotypic diversity as well as isolates with identical AFLP genotypes from multiple locations across multiple years. This work provides evidence for species and genotypic diversity of Phytophthora recovered in Tennessee as well as insight into the movement of individual genotypes in woody ornamental production. C1 [Donahoo, Ryan S.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Lamour, Kurt H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Donahoo, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Ryan.Donahoo@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1833 EP 1837 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900041 ER PT J AU Kamo, K Han, BH AF Kamo, Kathryn Han, Bong Hee TI Biolistic-mediated transformation of Lilium longiflorum cv. Nellie White SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic engineering; gene gun; biolistics; regenerated plants; Easter lily ID TRANSGENIC LILY PLANTS; BOMBARDMENT AB Slow-growing compact calluses were initiated from bulb scales of Lilium longiflorum cv. Nellie White that had been cultured for at least 6 months on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 9 mu M dicamba. To develop a reliable selection system, the sensitivity of nontransformed calluses and in vitro plants to different selective agents such as phosphinothricin, kanamycin, geneticin, paromomycin, and hygromycin was tested when grown on MS medium. Nontransformed calluses showed high sensitivity to 0.5 mg.L-1 phosphinothricin, 25 mg.L-1 geneticin, and 5 mg.L-1 hygromycin. Non-transformed plants grown in vitro died on either 2 mg.L-1 phosphinothricin or 75 mg.L-1 hygromycin. Plants did not die when grown on either 200 mg.L-1 kanamycin or 100 mg.L-1 geneticin, and 100 mg.L-1 paromomycin stimulated plant growth. Transformation was achieved using biolistics on callus bombarded with either the bar-uidA fusion gene under control of the CaMV 35S promoter or npt II and WdA under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. One week after biolistic bombardment, callus bombarded with the bar-uidA fusion gene was cultured for 1 month on MS medium supplemented with 9 mu M dicamba and 0.1 mg.L-1 phosphinothricin and then transferred to 0.2 mg.L-1 phosphinothricin for 1 month followed by 1.0 mg.L-1 for the next 4 months. Regenerating shoots and well-established plants were cultured on MS medium lacking hormones and with either 0.2 mg.L-1 or 2.0 mg.L-1 phosphinothricin, respectively. Callus bombarded with the npt II gene was cultured on MS medium with 50 mg.L-1 geneticin until shoots regenerated. Regenerated shoots were cultured on MS medium lacking hormones. Under optimal conditions, 10 transgenic plants were selected from seven plates of callus bombarded with the bar-uidA fusion gene using phosphinothricin for selection. Both Southern hybridization of genomic DNA and polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the presence of the transgene in transformed 'Nellie White' plants. Transgenic plants were phenotypically normal, and they were crossed with nontransformed plants of L. longiflorum cvs. Sakai, Yin tung, Sakai, and Flavo. The presence of the bar gene in 41% of the T1 progeny plants confirmed stable integration of the transgene into the genomic DNA of transgenic lily plants. beta-glucuronidase expression resulting from the uidA gene was demonstrated in leaves and roots of some of the transgenic lily plants by histochemical staining, determination of the specific activity of the P-glucuronidase enzyme, and Northern hybridization. C1 [Kamo, Kathryn] USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Han, Bong Hee] Rural Dev Adm, Inst Hort Res, Suwon, South Korea. RP Kamo, K (reprint author), USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA Natl Arboretum, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 10A,Room 126, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Kathryn.Kamo@ars.usda.gov OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 FU Rural Development Administration of Korea; Gloeckner Foundation FX This project was funded in part by the Rural Development Administration of Korea and the Gloeckner Foundation. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1864 EP 1869 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900046 ER PT J AU Yencho, GC Pecota, KV Schultheis, JR VanEsbroeck, ZP Holmes, GJ Little, BE Thornton, AC Truong, VD AF Yencho, G. Craig Pecota, Kenneth V. Schultheis, Jonathan R. VanEsbroeck, Zvezdana-Pesic Holmes, Gerald J. Little, Billy E. Thornton, Allan C. Truong, Van-Den TI 'Covington' sweetpotato SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Ipomoea batatas; convolvulaceae; cultivar; vegetable breeding; disease resistance; insect resistance; planting density; nitrogen rate AB 'Covington' is an orange-fleshed, smooth-skinned, rose-colored, table-stock sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] developed by North Carolina State University (NCSU). 'Covington', named after the late Henry M. Covington, an esteemed sweetpotato scientist at North Carolina State, was evaluated as NC98-608 in multiple state and regional yield trials during 2004 to 2006. 'Covington' produces yields equal to 'Beauregard', a dominant sweetpotato variety produced in the United States, but it is typically 5 to 10 days later in maturity. 'Covington' typically sizes its storage roots more evenly than 'Beauregard' resulting in fewer jumbo class roots and a higher percentage of number one roots. Total yields are similar for the two clones with the dry matter content of 'Covington' storage roots typically being 1 to 2 points higher than that of 'Beauregard'. 'Covington' is resistant to fusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. f.sp. batatas (Wollenw.) Snyd. & Hans.], southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White 1919) Chitwood 1949 race 3], and moderately resistant to streptomyces soil rot [Streptomyces ipomoeae (Person & W.J. Martin) Wakswan & Henrici]. Symptoms of the russet crack strain of Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Virus have not been observed in 'Covington'. The flavor of the baked storage roots of 'Covington' has been rated as very good by standardized and informal taste panels and typically scores as well or better in this regard when compared with 'Beauregard'. C1 [Yencho, G. Craig; Pecota, Kenneth V.; Schultheis, Jonathan R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [VanEsbroeck, Zvezdana-Pesic] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Micropropagat Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Little, Billy E.] Wilson Cty Cooperat Extens Serv, Wilson, NC 27893 USA. [Thornton, Allan C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Clinton, NC 28328 USA. [Truong, Van-Den] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Food Sci Res Unit, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Yencho, GC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Kilgore Hall,Box 7609,2721 Founders Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM craig_yencho@ncsu.edu NR 7 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1911 EP 1914 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352GK UT WOS:000259483900057 ER PT J AU Takeda, F Demchak, K Warmund, MR Handley, DT Grube, R Feldhake, C AF Takeda, Fumiomi Demchak, Kathy Warmund, Michele R. Handley, David T. Grube, Rebecca Feldhake, Charles TI Rowcovers improve winter survival and production of western trailing 'Siskiyou' blackberry in the eastern United States SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rubus; trellis; primocane; floricane; fruit; yield; protected cultivation; temperature; humidity; vapor pressure deficit; water content ID THORNLESS BLACKBERRY; PRIMOCANE GROWTH; COLD-HARDINESS; BUDS AB Winter injury has limited the expansion of commercial blackberry (Genus Rubus, subgenus Rubus) production into more northern latitudes in central and eastern United States. Rowcover (RC) was applied over trailing 'Boysenberry' and 'Siskiyou' and erect, thornless 'Triple Crown' and 'Apache' blackberries at Kearneysville, WV (lat. 39.5 degrees N, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 6b) from 2004 to 2007. The daily minimum temperatures under RC were as much as 5 degrees F to 10 degrees F higher at nights after sunny days, but were similar during nights after overcast days. On sunny days, daily maximum temperatures under RC were as much as 28 degrees F higher than in the open. Under RC, humidity rose more quickly and remained higher during the day than in the open, but was slightly lower at night. Mean vapor pressure deficit in late December, January, February, and early March was 100 to 250 kPa higher under RC than in the open. RC treatment significantly reduced winter injury and increased yield in 'Siskiyou' blackberry plants. The winter protection techniques described here would provide substantial benefits for growing blackberries in more northern areas where winter injury frequently causes crop failure. C1 [Takeda, Fumiomi] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Demchak, Kathy] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Warmund, Michele R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Crop Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Handley, David T.] Univ Maine Coperat Extens, Monmouth, ME 04259 USA. [Grube, Rebecca] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Feldhake, Charles] ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Fumi.Takeda@ars.usda.ars NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 575 EP 582 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352SD UT WOS:000259516800005 ER PT J AU Buamscha, MG Altland, JE Sullivan, DM Horneck, DA McQueen, JPG AF Buamscha, M. Gabriela Altland, James E. Sullivan, Dan M. Horneck, Donald A. McQueen, John P. G. TI Nitrogen availability in fresh and aged douglas fir bark SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE potting mix; container substrate; decomposition; nitrogen competition; fertilizer ID POTTING MEDIA; ORGANIC-COMPONENTS; RAPID ASSESSMENT; DRAWDOWN INDEX; PLANT-GROWTH; IMMOBILIZATION AB The objective of this study was to determine if there are growth differences in geranium (Pseudotsugta xhortorum 'Maverick Red') produced in fresh or aged douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) bark (DFB). A second objective was to document nitrogen (N) immobilization and decomposition rates of fresh and aged DFB to better understand the cause of growth differences. A series of experiments to measure plant response, N draw-clown index (NDI), and percentage of cumulative carbon (C) loss were conducted on fresh and aged DFB. Geranium plugs were transplanted to containers filled with fresh or aged DFB. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial with two DFB ages (fresh and aged) and three N fertilizer rates (200, 300, and 400 mg.L-1). Plant growth was affected by DFB age in that geraniums were smaller when grown in fresh DFB. N draw-down analysis demonstrated that a large fraction of N in solution was immobilized in fresh and aged DFB. Carbon loss, measured as a gauge of bark decomposition, was not affected by N rate or bark type. Similarities in C loss between fresh and aged DFB agree with the similar N immobilization potential (NDI) in the two materials. C1 [Altland, James E.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Buamscha, M. Gabriela] US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Sullivan, Dan M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Horneck, Donald A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [McQueen, John P. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Altland, JE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM James.Altland@ars.usda.gov FU the Oregon Association of Nurseries FX Special thanks to the Oregon Association of Nurseries for funding this research, and to Gilda Medina, Walter Briones, Vyacheslav Dobryk, Peng Yong, and Magdalena Zazirska for their skillful technical assistance. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 619 EP 623 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352SD UT WOS:000259516800012 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Lakshman, DK Zasada, IA Vinyard, BT Chitwood, DJ AF Meyer, Susan L. F. Lakshman, Dilip K. Zasada, Inga A. Vinyard, Bryan T. Chitwood, David J. TI Phytotoxicity of clove oil to vegetable crop seedlings and nematotoxicity to root-knot nematodes SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bio-based nematicide; essential oil; Meloidogyne incognita; nematode management ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; NEMATOCIDAL ACTIVITY; SYZYGIUM-AROMATICUM; POPULATION-DENSITY; COMPONENTS; SOIL; MELOIDOGYNE; MANAGEMENT; GREENHOUSE AB Clove oil derived from the clove plant [Syzygium aromaticum (=Eugenia caryophyllata)] is active against various soil-borne plant pathogens and therefore has potential for use as a bio-based pesticide. A clove oil formulation previously found to be toxic to the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in laboratory assays was investigated in greenhouse studies for nematode suppression and phytotoxicity on vegetable crops. Phytotoxicity studies were conducted with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% clove oil applied to soil 0, 2, 5, and 7 days before transplant of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), muskmelon (Cucumis melo), pepper (Capsicum annuum), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Tomato seedlings were the most sensitive to clove oil. The 0.2% and 0.3% clove oil concentrations applied as drenches at transplant (0 day) were the most phytotoxic to seedlings of all the tested vegetable species, with only 0% to 50% seedling survival. Most of the clove oil concentrations applied as drenches at transplant decreased shoot heights and fresh shoot weights of all seedlings. Some applications of clove oil at 0.2% and 0.3%, applied 2, 5, or 7 days before transplant also significantly reduced shoot growth, especially of pepper and tomato. Greenhouse experiments evaluating suppression of nematode population on cucumber were conducted with 0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20% clove oil applied 7 days before transplant. Overall, plants inoculated with nematodes tended to have smaller shoots and heavier roots than plants without nematodes. Effects of clove oil treatments on nematode population densities were inconsistent between the two trials. In Trial 1, 0.10% and 0.15% clove oil decreased population densities compared with the carrier control. In Trial 2, nematode population densities were lowest in the water and carrier control treatments. The results indicate that, with the tested clove oil formulation and application times, southern root-knot nematode populations would not be consistently reduced with clove oil concentrations that were not phytotoxic to one or more of the tested vegetable crops. C1 [Meyer, Susan L. F.; Zasada, Inga A.; Chitwood, David J.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lakshman, Dilip K.] ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] ARS, USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Susan.L.Meyer@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 631 EP 638 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352SD UT WOS:000259516800014 ER PT J AU Schupp, JR Baugher, TA Miller, SS Harsh, RM Lesser, KM AF Schupp, J. R. Baugher, T. Auxt Miller, S. S. Harsh, R. M. Lesser, K. M. TI Mechanical thinning of peach and apple trees reduces labor input and increases fruit size SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; Malus domestica; blossom thinning; crop load management; fruit quality; fruit set; labor efficiency; nectarine; organic ID GROWTH AB Hand thinning is a necessary but costly management practice in peach (Prunus persica) production. Organic apple (Malus xdomestica) production also may require hand thinning to adjust crop load. Mechanical devices to aid in thinning have been developed, but none has proven highly efficient and capable of completely replacing hand thinning. Narrow canopy training systems and novel peach tree growth habits offer new, opportunities to examine mechanical methods for thinning peach and apple trees. Our studies evaluated mechanical thinning devices on peach and organically grown apple trees. In 2005 and 2006, a U.S Department of Agriculture-designed spiked-drum shaker was used to thin pillar (columnar) peach trees at 52 to 55 days after full bloom. The drum shaker, driven at two different speeds in the orchard, reduced crop load an average of 58% and follow-up hand thinning time by 50%, and increased fruit size by 9% at harvest compared with conventional hand-thinned or nonthinned control trees in 2005. In 2006, the shaker was driven at one speed but operated at two different frequencies. At 260 cycles/minute, the drum shaker removed more fruit and reduced crop load to a greater extent than when operated at 180 cycles/minute, however, fruit size at harvest did not differ between the two operating frequencies. The drum shaker reduced follow-up hand thinning time between 54% and 81%. Horticultural and economic evaluations of the drum shaker and/or a German-designed blossom string thinner were conducted in 2007 in four commercial peach orchards trained to a perpendicular V or quad V system and an organic apple block trained to a narrow vertical axis system. Mechanical thinners reduced peach crop load by an average of 36%, decreased follow-up hand thinning time by 20% to 42%, and increased fruit in higher market value size categories by 35%. The net economic impact of mechanical thinning versus hand thinning alone ranged from $175/ha to $1966/ha. Mechanical thinning at 20% full bloom resulted in more fruit in the large size categories (2.75 inches in diameter and larger) than thinning at 80% full bloom. Detailed counts of flowers on branches with different orientations indicated that pruning may be adjusted to improve thinner performance. The string thinner effectively thinned dwarf apple trees trained to a vertical axis system in a certified organic orchard, resulting in a reduction in hand thinning time and an increase in fruit size. Based on our tests, mechanical thinning appears to be a promising technique for supplementing hand thinning in apple and peach trees. C1 [Schupp, J. R.] Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. [Baugher, T. Auxt; Harsh, R. M.; Lesser, K. M.] Penn State Cooperat Extens Adams Cty, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Miller, S. S.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Schupp, JR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort, 290 Univ Dr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. EM jrs42@psu.edu FU The Penn State College of Agriculture Seed; the Pennsylvania and Economic Development First Industries Program; the State Horticulture Association of Pennsylvania Extension Committee; the Pennsylvania Peach and Nectarine Board; the Robert C. Hoffman Foundation FX We greatly appreaciate the financial support of The Penn State College of Agriculture Seed Grant Program, the Pennsylvania and Economic Development First Industries Program, the State Horticulture Association of Pennsylvania Extension Committee, the Pennsylvania Peach and Nectarine Board, and the Robert C. Hoffman Foundation. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 660 EP 670 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352SD UT WOS:000259516800019 ER PT J AU Curry, EA Torres, C Neubauer, L AF Curry, Eric A. Torres, Carolina Neubauer, Luis TI Preharvest lipophilic coatings reduce lenticel breakdown disorder in 'Gala' apples SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malus xdomestica; physiological disorder; storage; cuticle; microcracking; wax; lipids; 'Fuji'; 'Granny Smith'; 'Golden Delicious' ID MALUS-DOMESTICA BORKH.; EPICUTICULAR WAX; EDIBLE FILMS; MOISTURE PERMEABILITY; SURFACE; CULTIVARS; STORAGE AB Lenticel breakdown disorder (LB), most prevalent on 'Gala' (Malus x domestica) apples, especially in and regions, has also been observed on other common cultivars. Depending on the preharvest environment, fruit maturity, and length of storage, LB usually appears as one or more round, darkened pits, centered on a lenticel, ranging in diameter from 1 to 8 mm. Symptoms are not visible at harvest nor are the), usually apparent on unprocessed fruit after storage. However, following typical fruit processing and packing, symptoms are fully expressed after 12 to 48 h. Because the 3 to 4 weeks preceding 'Gala' harvest are usually the hottest and least humid, we theorized that desiccation stress was a main causative factor. Thus, several unique lipophilic formulations were developed that might reduce desiccation potential during this period of hot and weather and rapid fruit enlargement. Emulsions of lipophilic formulations were applied to whole trees at various dosages and timings. In 2005, using a single handgun application I day before harvest, the best treatment reduced LB by about 20% in fruit stored 90 days at -1 degrees C. The following season, the best treatment from a single handgun application 7 days before harvest reduced LB by 35% after 90 days at -1 degrees C, whereas 3 weekly applications beginning 3 weeks before harvest reduced LB in similarly stored fruit by as much as 70%. In 2007, the best single treatment applied I week before harvest using a commercial airblast sprayer reduced LB by almost 50% after 90 days at -1 degrees C. C1 [Curry, Eric A.] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Torres, Carolina] PACE Int LLC, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Neubauer, Luis] Pace Int LLC, Conchali Santiago, Chile. RP Curry, EA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM eric.curry@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 690 EP 696 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352SD UT WOS:000259516800023 ER PT J AU Sydorovych, O Safley, CD Welker, RM Ferguson, LM Monks, DW Jennings, K Driver, J Louws, FJ AF Sydorovych, Olha Safley, Charles D. Welker, Rob M. Ferguson, Lisa M. Monks, David W. Jennings, Katie Driver, Jim Louws, Frank J. TI Economic evaluation of methyl bromide alternatives for the production of tomatoes in North Carolina SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cost of production; partial budget analysis; fumigation; Solanum lycopersicum ID CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; PREPLANT; SOIL; STRAWBERRIES; AGRICULTURE AB Partial budget analysis was used to evaluate soil treatment alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) based on their efficacy and cost-effectiveness in the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The analysis was conducted for the mountain tomato production region based on 6 years of field test data collected in Fletcher, NC. Fumigation alternatives evaluated included 61.1% 1,3-dichloropropene + 34.7% chloropicrin (Telone-C35(TM)), 60.8% 1,3-dichloropropene + 33.3% chloropicrin (InLine), 99% chloropicrin (Chlor-o-pic), 94% chloropicrin (TriClor EC), 42% metam sodium (4.26 lb/gal a.i., Vapam), and 50% iodomethane + 50% chloropicrin (Midas). The MeBr formulation was 67% methyl bromide and 33% chloropicrin (Terr-O-Gas). Chloropicrin applied at 15 gal/acre provided the greatest returns with an additional return of $907/acre relative to MeBr. Telone-C35 provided an additional return of $848/acre and drip-applied metam sodium provided an additional return of $137/acre. The return associated with broadcast applied metam sodium was about equal to the estimated return a grower would receive when applying MeBr. Fumigating with a combination of chloropicrin and metam sodium; shank-applied chloropicrin at 8 gal/acre; drip-applied chloropicrin, Midas, or InLine; and the nonfumigated soil treatment all resulted in projected losses of $156/acre, $233/acre, $422/acre, $425/acre, $604/acre, and $2133/acre, respectively, relative to MeBr. Although technical issues currently associated with some of the MeBr alternatives may exist, results indicate that there are economically feasible fumigation alternatives to MeBr for production of tomatoes in North Carolina. C1 [Sydorovych, Olha; Safley, Charles D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Welker, Rob M.; Driver, Jim; Louws, Frank J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ferguson, Lisa M.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Monks, David W.; Jennings, Katie] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sydorovych, O (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM obsydoro@ncsu.edu FU USDA CSREES [2004-51102-02227, 2002-51102-01926] FX This research was funded by the competitive grants program of USDA CSREES 2004-51102-02227 and 2002-51102-01926. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 705 EP 713 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352SD UT WOS:000259516800025 ER PT J AU Stringer, SJ Marshall, DA Sampson, BJ Spiers, JM AF Stringer, Stephen J. Marshall, Donna A. Sampson, Blair J. Spiers, James M. TI Performance of muscadine grape cultivars in southern Mississippi SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vitis rotundifolia; vigor; disease resistance; fruit quality ID PIERCES DISEASE AB A study was conducted at the Mississippi State University Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) McNeil Unit in southern Mississippi to identify promising muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia) germplasm for use as parents in the breeding and genetics research program and to develop information on performance for use by growers in the region for cultivar selection decisions. The vineyard was first established in 1992 and was expanded in 1994. Cultivars were evaluated in 2001, 2002, and 2006 for their performance and were found to differ in vigor, resistance to diseases, yield, and fruit quality. Cultivars suitable for winemaking that performed well included Carlos, Doreen, Magnolia, Noble, Regale, Sterling, and Welder. Cultivars intended for the fresh market that produced high yields and high-quality fruit included Alachua, Black Beauty, Darlene, Fry, Ison, Janebell, Nesbit, Polyanna, Sweet Jenny, Summit, and Tara. 'Dixie', a multipurpose cultivar, 'Eudora', a newly released fresh-market cultivar, and 'Southern Home', a multipurpose cultivar with enhanced ornamental value, also performed well at this location. C1 [Stringer, Stephen J.; Marshall, Donna A.; Spiers, James M.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Sampson, Blair J.] Mississippi State Univ, Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, McNeil Unit, S Mississippi Unit, Poplarville, MS USA. RP Stringer, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM stephen.stringer@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 726 EP 733 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352SD UT WOS:000259516800027 ER PT J AU Fidelibus, MW Christensen, LP Katayama, DG Ramming, DW AF Fidelibus, Matthew W. Christensen, L. Peter Katayama, Donald G. Ramming, David W. TI Early-ripening grapevine cultivars for dry-on-vine raisins on an open-gable trellis SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DOV; dried vine fruit; grapes; Vitis vinifera ID THOMPSON SEEDLESS GRAPES; QUALITY; GROWTH; FRUIT AB 'Diamond Muscat', 'DOVine', 'Fiesta', and 'Selma Pete' grapevines (Vitis vinifera) were evaluated to determine their suitability for making dry-on-vine (DOV) raisins on an open-gable trellis. The experiment was a split-plot, with training system, head, bilateral, or quadrilateral cordons as the main plot, and grapevine cultivar (Diamond Muscat, DOVine, Fiesta, or Selma Pete) as the subplot. Yield components, fruit composition, and raisin yield and quality were evaluated annually. Vine training style did not affect fruit composition, or raisin yield or quality, but vines trained to quadrilateral cordons produced more clusters on renewal shoots than head-trained vines. 'DOVine', 'Fiesta', and 'Selma Pete' produced about 4.75 tons/acre of raisins, approximate to 10% more than 'Diamond Muscat'. 'Diamond Muscat' vines produced the most clusters on renewal shoots, an undesirable trait, and the most clusters per vine. 'Fiesta' matured later than the other cultivars, therefore it had the lowest soluble solids, the poorest raisin grades, and the highest field moisture at harvest. 'Selma Pete' grapes matured as early, or earlier, than the grapes of other cultivars, they had among the highest soluble solids and raisin grades, and the raisins generally dried well. Thus, 'Selma Pete' grapevines had the best overall performance of the cultivars tested. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fidelibus, Matthew W.; Christensen, L. Peter; Katayama, Donald G.] Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. [Ramming, David W.] USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Fidelibus, MW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mwf@uckac.edu RI Fidelibus, Matthew/C-7759-2009 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 740 EP 745 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 352SD UT WOS:000259516800029 ER PT J AU Charnley, S McLain, RJ Donoghue, EM AF Charnley, Susan McLain, Rebecca J. Donoghue, Ellen M. TI Forest Management Policy, Amenity Migration, and Community Well-Being in the American West: Reflections from the Northwest Forest Plan SO HUMAN ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amenity migration; Forest management; Rural development; Pacific Northwest ID MOUNTAIN WEST; ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT; PUBLIC LANDS; REGIONAL-DEVELOPMENT; POPULATION-GROWTH; NATURAL AMENITIES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; LOCAL ECONOMIES; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION AB This paper examines the relation between public land management policy, amenity migration, and socioeconomic well-being using the case of the Northwest Forest Plan-a forest management policy that caused 11.6 million acres of federal land in the US Pacific Northwest to be reallocated from commodity production to biodiversity services. Our analysis focuses on three propositions implicit in much of the amenity migration literature in the USA: land management policies that reduce commodity production and/or increase environmental protection (1) improve the natural amenity values of public lands; (2) increase amenity migration to communities near public lands; and (3) stimulate economic development and increase socioeconomic well-being in these communities. Our findings indicate that all three propositions are problematic and demonstrate the importance of community-scale analysis for understanding the relation between land management policies, amenity migration, and community well-being. We discuss the implications of our findings for public land management and rural community development. C1 [Charnley, Susan; Donoghue, Ellen M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [McLain, Rebecca J.] Inst Culture & Ecol, Portland, OR 97228 USA. RP Charnley, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM scharnley@fs.fed.us; edonoghue@fs.fed.us; mclain@ifcae.org NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0300-7839 J9 HUM ECOL JI Hum. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 36 IS 5 BP 743 EP 761 DI 10.1007/s10745-008-9192-3 PG 19 WC Anthropology; Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 364WU UT WOS:000260367100008 ER PT J AU Krysanova, V Arnold, JG AF Krysanova, Valentina Arnold, Jeffrey G. TI Advances in ecohydrological modelling with SWAT-a review SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Review ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; RIVER-BASIN; FLOW; UNCERTAINTY; POLICY C1 [Krysanova, Valentina] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. [Arnold, Jeffrey G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Krysanova, V (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, POB 601203,Telegrafenberg, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. EM krysanova@pik-potsdam.de; Jeff.arnold@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 34 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 939 EP 947 DI 10.1623/hysj.53.5.939 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 361TF UT WOS:000260149300001 ER PT J AU Williams, JR Arnold, JG Kiniry, JR Gassman, PW Green, CH AF Williams, J. R. Arnold, J. G. Kiniry, J. R. Gassman, P. W. Green, C. H. TI History of model development at Temple, Texas SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE models; history; hydrology; water quality; soil and water resources; flood routing; sediment yield ID RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; DIVERSE SITES; ALMANAC MODEL; SOIL; SIMULATION; QUALITY; BASINS; GIS; PRODUCTIVITY AB Model development at Temple, Texas, USA has a long history. Prior to the actual model development research, a hydrological data collection programme was established at Riesel, Texas (about 60 km northeast of Temple) in 1937. Data collected from the Riesel watersheds during 1937-2006 have been valuable in developing and testing models at Temple, as well as at other locations. Actual modelling research began in the mid-1960s with the development of single event models that served as building blocks for the comprehensive models of today. The focus of the early models was on surface water hydrology (rainfall excess, unit hydrographs and flood routing) and sediment yield. The models currently supported at Temple (ALMANAC, EPIC, APEX and SWAT) are continuous and operate on spatial scales ranging from individual fields to river basins. These models have been used worldwide in many projects dealing with soil and water resources and environmental management. C1 [Williams, J. R.] Texas Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Arnold, J. G.; Kiniry, J. R.; Green, C. H.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Gassman, P. W.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev CARD, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Williams, JR (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jwilliams@brc.tamus.edu NR 72 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 948 EP 960 DI 10.1623/hysj.53.5.948 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 361TF UT WOS:000260149300002 ER PT J AU Allen, PM Arnold, JG Skipwith, W AF Allen, P. M. Arnold, J. G. Skipwith, W. TI Prediction of channel degradation rates in urbanizing watersheds SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE urbanization; stream erosion; submerged jet test; stream degradation rate; SWAT model ID RIVERBANK-STABILITY ANALYSIS; INCISED CHANNEL; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; BANK STABILITY; ERODIBILITY; URBANIZATION; BEDROCK; EROSION; WIDTH; MODEL AB In urbanizing watersheds, as land use changes, and storm sewers and impervious surfaces are increased, both the frequency and magnitude of discharge increase, resulting in stream channel down-cutting and widening and related loss of structures and engineering works. A simple model for assessing the time rate of degradation in watersheds is given. The model relies oil a continuous Simulation of watershed discharge based on local climate (SWAT-DEG) instead of a dominant discharge approach. Unique to this approach is the use of in situ erosion parameters derived from submerged jet tests, which give both the allowable tractive force as well as erodibility coefficients. The model is used in concert with the Watson-Harvey analysis of channel evolution. Four methods were used to verify and validate the model for estimating rates of degradation. A case study of channel stability assessment using this tool was made in north central Texas (USA). Rates of incision were nonlinear and ranged from 0-76 mm/year. C1 [Allen, P. M.] Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Arnold, J. G.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Skipwith, W.] Halff Associates, Richardson, TX 75081 USA. RP Allen, PM (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM peter_allen@baylor.edu NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1013 EP 1029 DI 10.1623/hysj.53.5.1013 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 361TF UT WOS:000260149300007 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Macdonald, JD Kemanian, AR Watson, B Putz, G Prepas, EE AF Kiniry, J. R. Macdonald, J. D. Kemanian, Armen R. Watson, Brett Putz, Gordon Prepas, Ellie E. TI Plant growth simulation for landscape-scale hydrological modelling SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE Beer's law; forestry modelling; leaf area index; plant simulation; radiation use efficiency ID FOREST ECOSYSTEM; EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; BOREAL FORESTS; USE EFFICIENCY; DIVERSE SITES; ALMANAC MODEL; GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER-UPTAKE; MAIZE; CARBON AB Landscape-scale hydrological models can be improved by incorporating realistic, process-oriented plant models for simulating crops, perennial grasses and woody species. The objective of this project was to present some approaches for plant modelling applicable to daily time step hydrological transport models, such as SWAT. Accurate simulation of plant growth can improve the accuracy of simulations of hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. First, we describe some unique aspects of the general plant model ALMANAC. Next, we describe a modification of the original ALMANAC model used to simulate complex successional vegetation changes in the years following disturbance of a variety of different forest ecosystems, such as forest fires, clear cuts and insect infestations. Finally, we discuss alternative physiological and physical process simulation techniques of plant growth that could increase simulation accuracy in landscape-scale hydrological and transport models such as SWAT. C1 [Kiniry, J. R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Macdonald, J. D.] Agr & Agroalimentaire Canada, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 2J3, Canada. [Kemanian, Armen R.] Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Watson, Brett; Putz, Gordon] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Civil & Geol Engn, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. [Prepas, Ellie E.] Lakehead Univ, Dept Forestry & Forest Environm, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jim.kiniry@ars.usda.gov RI MacDonald, James/A-6501-2009 NR 64 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1030 EP 1042 DI 10.1623/hysj.53.5.1030 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 361TF UT WOS:000260149300008 ER PT J AU Nigmatullin, RR Osokin, SI Nelson, SO AF Nigmatullin, R. R. Osokin, S. I. Nelson, S. O. TI Application of Fractional-moments Statistics to Data for Two-phase Dielectric Mixtures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE Permittivity; dielectric properties; dielectric spectroscopy; hard red winter wheat; random series; statistics of fractional moments; generalized mean value; calibration curve AB A new method for quantitative "reading" of dielectric data of two-phase dielectric mixtures is suggested. This method is based on ideas related to the application of the generalized mean value (GMV) function to random data series (statistics of fractional moments). The GMV function allows transformation of arbitrary random data series to smooth curves that in turn can be fitted by an analytical function with a limited number of parameters. These fitting parameters are sensitive to the influence of an external factor, so the dependence of these parameters on the external factor can be used as calibration curves. In this instance we analyzed dielectric data measured for ground hard red winter wheat with 12.5%, 17.9% and 21.2% moisture contents in the temperature range from 2 degrees C to 76 degrees C. This system is a complex system from the viewpoint of the complexity of the dielectric data interpretation. The common treatment of these dielectric spectra does not provide a monotonic calibration curve. We treated these spectra as random data series by the use of the GMV function. As a result of this treatment, we obtained the monotonic temperature dependence of several fitting parameters for the given moisture contents, and these relationships can be fitted by an analytical function for calibration use. We hope that this new method will rind application for analysis of other complex systems. C1 [Nigmatullin, R. R.; Osokin, S. I.] Kazan VI Lenin State Univ, Fac Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia. [Nelson, S. O.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nigmatullin, RR (reprint author), Kazan VI Lenin State Univ, Fac Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia. FU Development of scientific potential of a higher school [2.1.1.4012] FX The authors thank Dr. Guo Wenchuan, Visiting Scholar at the USDA, ARS, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, for performing the dielectric spectroscopy measurements.; Part of this work was performed within the framework of the program "Development of scientific potential of a higher school. Number of grant: 2.1.1.4012" and the authors, particularly RRN and SIO, wish to express their gratitude for that financial support. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1385 EP 1392 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2008.4656248 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 359FV UT WOS:000259972700022 ER PT J AU Golde, WT Nfon, CK Toka, FN AF Golde, William T. Nfon, Charles K. Toka, Felix N. TI Immune evasion during foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of swine SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE swine; infectious disease; innate immunity ID RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME-VIRUS; MHC CLASS-I; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE-2; TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK; COMPLEX CLASS-I; DENDRITIC CELLS; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; LEADER PROTEINASE; ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON AB The interface between successful pathogens and their hosts is often a tenuous balance. In acute viral infections, this balance involves induction and inhibition of innate responses. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is considered one of the most contagious viruses known and is characterized by rapid induction of clinical disease in cloven hoofed animals exposed to infection. Viral shedding is extensive before the equally rapid resolution of acute disease. This positive strand RNA virus is an extremely successful pathogen, due in part to the ability to interrupt the innate immune response. Previous reviews have described the inhibition of cellular innate responses in the infected cell both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we present a review of virus inhibition of cells that are a source of antiviral function in swine. Particularly in the case of dendritic cells and natural killer cells, the virus has evolved mechanisms to interrupt the normal function of these important mediators of innate function, even though these cells are not infected by the virus. Understanding how this virus subverts the innate response will provide valuable information for the development of rapidly acting biotherapeutics to use in response to an outbreak of FMDV. C1 [Golde, William T.; Nfon, Charles K.; Toka, Felix N.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Toka, Felix N.] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, Fac Vet Med, Dept Preclin Sci, Warsaw, Poland. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM william.golde@ars.usda.gov RI Toka, Felix/C-4853-2011 FU Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture [1940-32000-052-00D] FX We acknowledge our colleagues and collaborators on the work conducted at Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC). In particular, we thank Dr Elida Bautista, Boerhinger Ingleheim Animal Health, who initiated the DC work, Mr Geoffery Ferman, Department of Safety, PIADC, who initiated the lymphopenia studies when formally a member of the laboratory, and Dr Juan Pacheco, who developed most of the animal inoculation protocols and did the analysis of antibody response to FMDV in swine. In addition, we thank Drs D. Mark Estes and Janis Endsley, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, for initiating the development of the NK cell assays in cattle, which we adapted to swine. This work was supported by CRIS # 1940-32000-052-00D from the Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture (W. T. G). NR 99 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 225 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00672.x PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 350IA UT WOS:000259344700006 PM 18837777 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Kapczynski, D AF Swayne, David E. Kapczynski, Darrell TI Strategies and challenges for eliciting immunity against avian influenza virus in birds SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE avian immunology; avian influenza; bird; poultry; vaccine ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; OIL-EMULSION VACCINES; RECOMBINANT FOWLPOX VIRUS; EXPRESSING H5 HEMAGGLUTININ; INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; HONG-KONG; A VIRUSES; REVERSE GENETICS; NORTH-AMERICA; LETHAL H5N1 AB Vaccines and vaccination have emerged during the past two decades as essential tools in avian influenza (AI) control for poultry, because they increase resistance to infection, prevent illness and death, reduce virus replication and shed from respiratory and alimentary tracts, and reduce virus transmission to birds and mammals, including humans. Such protection in birds is primarily mediated by homosubtypic humoral immunity against the hemagglutinin protein, but cell-mediated and innate immunity contribute to protection in some bird species. The immune response to the neuraminidase protein can contribute to protection, but immunity to the viral internal proteins is generally not protective. Although, some preliminary studies with M2e protein in chickens suggest partial protection may be achievable. Historically, the H5 subtype AI vaccines have demonstrated broad homosubtypic protection, primarily against H5 high-pathogenicity (HP) AI viruses isolated in the early stages of outbreaks. However, as H5 viruses have become endemic and outbreaks prolonged, some drift variants with resistance to earlier H5 AI vaccines have emerged in Central America, China, Egypt, and Indonesia. How widespread such drift variants are will remain unknown until more detailed genetic and antigenic analyses are conducted on field isolates. Future vaccines will utilize biotechnology to produce new AI vaccine seed strains using HA genes more closely matching circulating field viruses. In addition, newer technologies for AI vaccines will improve vaccine coverage by using mass application technologies for example by drinking water, by spray, or via injection in ovo or at the hatchery. C1 [Swayne, David E.; Kapczynski, Darrell] ARS, USDA, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information Service (CRIS) [6612-32000-048-00D, 6612-32000-053-00D] FX We appreciate critical review of the manuscript by E. Spackman. This work was supported by US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information Service (CRIS) projects # 6612-32000-048-00D and 6612-32000-053-00D. NR 156 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 225 BP 314 EP 331 DI 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00668.x PG 18 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 350IA UT WOS:000259344700020 PM 18837791 ER PT J AU Sutton, TL Zhao, AP Madden, KB Elfrey, JE Tuft, BA Sullivan, CA Urban, JF Shea-Donohue, T AF Sutton, Thomas L. Zhao, Aiping Madden, Kathleen B. Elfrey, Justin E. Tuft, Blaine A. Sullivan, Carolyn A. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Shea-Donohue, Terez TI Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of enteric Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection against trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in a murine model SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PROTEINASE-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-2; HISTAMINE H-4 RECEPTOR; EPITHELIAL-CELL FUNCTION; INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; TRICHURIS-SUIS THERAPY; GUINEA-PIG COLON; CD8+ T-CELLS; CROHNS-DISEASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB Recent studies showed that enteric helminth infection improved symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease as well as in experimental models of colitis. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of the protective effect of helminth infection on colitis-induced changes in immune and epithelial cell function. BALB/c mice received an oral infection of Heligmosomoides polygyrus third-stage larvae, were given intrarectal saline or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) on day 10 postinfection, and were studied 4 days later. Separate groups of mice received intrarectal saline or TNBS on day 10 and were studied on day 14. Muscle-free colonic mucosae were mounted in Ussing chambers to measure mucosal permeability and secretion. Expression of cytokines was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, and mast cells were visualized by immunohistochemistry. TNBS-induced colitis induced mucosal damage, upregulated Th1 cytokines, and depressed secretory responses. Heligmosomoides polygyrus elevated Th2 cytokine expression, increased mast cell infiltration and mucosal resistance, and also reduced some secretory responses. Prior H. polygyrus infection prevented TNBS-induced upregulation of Th1 cytokines and normalized secretory responses to specific agonists. TNBS-induced colitis did not alter H. polygyrus-induced mast cell infiltration or upregulation of Th2 cytokine expression. The results indicate that the protective mechanism of enteric nematode infection against TNBS-induced colitis involves prevention of Th1 cytokine expression and improved colonic function by a mechanism that may involve mast cell-mediated protection of neural control of secretory function. Similar response patterns could account for the clinical improvement seen in inflammatory bowel disease with helminthic therapy. C1 [Sutton, Thomas L.; Tuft, Blaine A.; Sullivan, Carolyn A.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Zhao, Aiping; Elfrey, Justin E.; Shea-Donohue, Terez] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zhao, Aiping; Elfrey, Justin E.; Shea-Donohue, Terez] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Madden, Kathleen B.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] USDA ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM tdonohue@mbrc.umaryland.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 66 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 76 IS 10 BP 4772 EP 4782 DI 10.1128/IAI.00744-07 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 349PM UT WOS:000259293100047 PM 18644879 ER PT J AU Sharma, M Shearer, AEH Hoover, DG Liu, MN Solomon, MB Kniel, KE AF Sharma, Manan Shearer, Adrienne E. H. Hoover, Dallas G. Liu, Martha N. Solomon, Morse B. Kniel, Kalmia E. TI Comparison of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure to inactivate foodborne viruses SO INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GREEN ONIONS; NOROVIRUS; LACTOFERRIN; SURROGATE; SURFACES; SAFETY; FOOD AB The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HPP) and hydrodynamic pressure (HOP), in combination with chemical treatments, was evaluated for inactivation of foodborne viruses and non-pathogenic surrogates in a pork sausage product. Sausages were immersed in distilled water, 100-ppm EDTA, or 2% lactoferrin, and then inoculated with feline calicivirus (FCV), hepatitis A virus (HAV) or bacteriophage (MS2, phiX174, or T-4). Each piece was packaged individually and subjected to pressure by either HDR HPP (500 MPa, 5 min, 4 degrees C), or control (no pressure). On sausages immersed in water, HPP and HDP significantly (P < 0.05) reduced titers of FCV by 2.89 and 2.70 log(10) TCID50/ml, and HAV by log(10) 3.23 and 1.10, respectively, when compared to non-pressure-treated controls. Titers of T4 (1.48 and 1.10 log(10) PFU/g) and MS2 (1.46 and 0.96 log(10) PFU/g) were also significantly reduced by HPP and HDP treatments, respectively, in combination with water. Inoculation of viruses and bacteriophage on a meat product may have protected viruses from complete inactivation by pressure treatments. Industrial relevance: This is the first study to directly compare hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure technologies to inactivate microorganisms. This is also the first study to examine the inactivation of viruses and bacteriophages by pressure technology in a deli meat product. This study shows that viruses attached to meat surfaces may be protected from complete inactivation by hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure treatments, and these findings require more investigation into the survival of viruses in deli meat products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sharma, Manan; Liu, Martha N.; Solomon, Morse B.] USDA ARS, Food Safety Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shearer, Adrienne E. H.; Hoover, Dallas G.; Kniel, Kalmia E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Sharma, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Lab, ANRI, Bldg 201,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM manan.sharma@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-8564 J9 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG JI Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 9 IS 4 BP 418 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.ifset.2008.05.001 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 355KW UT WOS:000259708800003 ER PT J AU Arakane, Y Specht, CA Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S Beeman, RW AF Arakane, Yasuyuki Specht, Charles A. Kramer, Karl J. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Beeman, Richard W. TI Chitin synthases are required for survival, fecundity and egg hatch in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chitin; Chitin synthase; Fecundity; Insects; RNA interference; Cuticle; Midgut; Peritrophic membrane; Tribolium castaneum ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE; COLEOPTERA; SECRETION; CUTICLE; GENES; RNAI AB The synthesis of chitin, the beta-1,4-linked polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, is catalyzed by chitin (CHS). Chitin is essential for the structural integrity of the exoskeletal cuticle and midgut membrane (PM) of insects. To study the functions of the two chitin synthase genes, TcCHS-A and during embryonic and adult development in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, RNA (RNAi) experiments were carried out. When dsRNA for TcCHS-A was injected into male or female adults, all insects died 5-7 d after the adult molt, and the females failed to oviposit prior to death. dsTcCHS-A was injected into young adults 1-2 d post-eclosion, a similar lethal phenotype was after 5 d and no oviposition occurred. When dsTcCHS-A injections were delayed until after maturation (7-10 d post-eclosion), the treated females did oviposit and the resulting embryos to develop normally. However, the chitin content of the eggs was dramatically reduced, the became twisted and enlarged, and the eggs did not hatch. Adults treated with dsRNA for exhibited little or no chitin in their PM and died about 2 wk after injection. None of the females oviposited, which was probably a secondary effect caused by starvation. These results extend previous findings that CHS genes are required for all types of molt. The present study also that these genes have additional roles in embryonic and adult development. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights C1 [Arakane, Yasuyuki; Kramer, Karl J.; Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Specht, Charles A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Kramer, Karl J.; Beeman, Richard W.] ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arakane, Y (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM subaru@ksu.edu FU NSF [IBN-0316963, IOS-615818]; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [08-372-J]; U.S. Department Agriculture. FX We thank Sue Haas and Jonna Voorhees for beetle husbandry, and Yoshinori Tomoyasu and Jun Ishibashi for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by NSF grants IBN-0316963 and IOS-615818. This is contribution 08-372-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department Agriculture. NR 13 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 38 IS 10 BP 959 EP 962 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2008.07.006 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 358CE UT WOS:000259893300008 PM 18718535 ER PT J AU Chanbang, Y Arthur, FH Wilde, GE Throne, JE AF Chanbang, Yaowaluk Arthur, Frank H. Wilde, Gerald E. Throne, James E. TI Control of Rhyzopertha dominica in stored rough rice through a combination of diatomaceous earth and varietal resistance SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diatomaceous earth; DE; host plant resistance; integrated control; rice ID CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; F COLEOPTERA; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; EFFICACY; TENEBRIONIDAE; BOSTRICHIDAE; TEMPERATURE; MAIZE; WHEAT AB Adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer, were exposed on four varieties of rough rice with Dobie indices of susceptibility of 1.1 to 1.1 (low), and four varieties with Dobie indices of susceptibility of 3.4 to 3.8 (high). The varieties with low and high Dobie indices were classified as resistant and susceptible, respectively, to R. dominica. The purpose of the study was to evaluate control of R. dominica through the use of diatomaceous earth (DE) in combination with rice varieties that were either susceptible or resistant to R. dominica. The rice was treated with varying rates of the commercial DE Insecto(R), up to a maximum of 1000 mg DE/kg of rice. Adult mortality at each application rate of DE was generally greater on three of four resistant varieties compared to three of four susceptible varieties. Progeny production from the parental generation exposed on the rice was also greater in 3 of the 4 resistant varieties compared to 3 of the 4 susceptible varieties at DE rates of 500 mg/kg or more. Progeny production in rice treated with a maximum rate of 1000 mg/kg DE ranged from 7-44 adults on the resistant varieties compared to 75-155 adults on the susceptible varieties. At DE rates of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg, the percentage of insect-damaged kernels (IDK) was also greater in 3/4 resistant varieties than in the susceptible varieties. Results show combining the use of DE with varietal resistance of rough rice to R. dominica could be used to limit populations of this insect in stored rice and help prevent economic damage. C1 [Arthur, Frank H.; Throne, James E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Chanbang, Yaowaluk] Chiang Mai Univ, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. [Wilde, Gerald E.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov FU Postharvest Technology Institute, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; CSREES-RAMP [00-511-01-9674]; Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas [08-240-J] FX This work was funded under the Postgraduate Education and Research Development Project, Postharvest Technology Institute, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, and CSREES-RAMP grant No. 00-511-01-9674, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. The authors thank C. M. Smith and J. Whitworth for reviewing the manuscript prior to journal submission. This paper is contribution number 08-240-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas, and is a report of research only. Mention of a proprietary product or trade name does not constitute a recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Kansas State University, or Chiang Mai University. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2008.00233.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 354AH UT WOS:000259610800009 ER PT J AU Chang, PK AF Chang, Perng-Kuang TI Aspergillus parasiticus crzA, Which Encodes Calcineurin Response Zinc-Finger Protein, Is Required for Aflatoxin Production under Calcium Stress SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus parasiticus; aflatoxin biosynthesis; endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase; crzA; calcium homeostasis ID GENE-EXPRESSION; SCLEROTIAL PRODUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; FLAVUS; NIDULANS AB Two morphologically different Aspergillus parasiticus strains, one producing aflatoxins, abundant conidia but few sclerotia (BN9) and the other producing O-methyl-sterimatocystin (OMST), copious sclerotia but a low number of conidia (RH), were used to assess the role of crzA which encodes a putative calcium-signaling pathway regulatory protein. Under standard culture conditions, BN9 Delta crzA mutants conidiated normally but decreased slightly in radial growth, regardless of illumination conditions. RH Delta crzA mutants produced only conidia under light and showed decreased conidiation and delayed sclerotial formation in the dark. Regulation of conidiation of both A. parasiticus strains by light was independent of crzA. Increased concentrations of lithium, sodium, and potassium impaired conidiation and sclerotial formation of the RH Delta crzA mutants but they did not affect conidiation of the BN9 Delta crzA mutants. Vegetative growth and asexual development of both Delta crzA mutants were hypersensitive to increased calcium concentrations. Calcium supplementation (10 mM) resulted in 3-fold and 2-fold decreases in the relative expression of the endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 gene in the BN9 and RH parental strains, respectively, but changes in both Delta crzA mutants were less significant. Compared to the parental strains, the Delta crzA mutants barely produced aflatoxins or OMST after the calcium supplementation. The relative expression levels of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes, nor1, ver1, and omtA, in both Delta crzA mutants were decreased significantly, but the decreases in the parental strains were at much lower extents. CrzA is required for growth and development and for aflatoxin biosynthesis under calcium stress conditions. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM perngkuang.chang@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-6596 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 9 IS 10 BP 2027 EP 2043 DI 10.3390/ijms9102027 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 366SZ UT WOS:000260505000011 PM 19325734 ER PT J AU Sherman, TD Bowling, AJ Barger, TW Vaughn, KC AF Sherman, Timothy D. Bowling, Andrew J. Barger, T. Wayne Vaughn, Kevin C. TI THE VESTIGIAL ROOT OF DODDER (CUSCUTA PENTAGONA) SEEDLINGS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cuscuta; dodder; microtubules; cell wall; parasitic weeds ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ZEA-MAYS L.; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; RHAMNOGALACTURONAN-I; AERENCHYMA FORMATION; PEDICELLATA; HAUSTORIUM; MORPHOLOGY; JAPONICA; FEATURES AB Seedlings of dodder are unique among dicotyledonous plants in that they emerge as a leafless, cotyledonless shoot with only a small swollen rootlike structure at the base of the tissue. Although growth of the shoot end of the dodder seedling is dramatic, no change in "root'' length occurs, and the root tip is withered and senescent within 7d of germination. Unlike most roots, the dodder root has neither recognizable root cap nor apical meristem. A strand of vascular tissue extends all the way to the root apex and is already differentiated into vascular elements on germination. Cortical cells swell dramatically and contain large vacuoles with a small rim of cytoplasm. Nuclei in these cortical cells are extensively lobed and are much larger than nuclei in shoot tips, indicating endopolyploidy. Microtubules are detected, although they are much less abundant than in shoot tissue of dodder or roots of other dicots, especially in roots older than 1d postgermination. Similarly, a-tubulin protein, as detected by immunoblots, appear as faint bands in root extracts; both are easily detectable in extracts of shoot tissue. Cell walls of 1-2-d-old roots are normal in morphology and contain well-defined cellulose microfibrils and well-developed middle lamellae. In contrast, later stages of development reveal cell-wall-loosening complexes and the degradation of wall structure and loss of polysaccharides, especially those of pectin side chains, which also are lost in other senescent tissues. By 5-7 d postgermination, all of the cortical cells have degenerated, leaving the vascular strand as the last remnant of intact tissue in these roots. From these data, we conclude that the swollen appearance of the dodder root is due to the low level of microtubules, so that neither mitotic divisions nor cell elongation can occur, and the loosening/senescence of the cell wall allows for expansion, resulting in a swollen root phenotype. It is speculated that the degeneration of the root end of the dodder may allow a flow of carbon from this organ to sustain the continued growth of the shoot. Although the tuberous end is clearly differentiated from the shoot tissue, it probably should be considered a highly modified basal portion of stem tissue used as a food reserve and basal support rather than a root. C1 [Sherman, Timothy D.; Bowling, Andrew J.; Barger, T. Wayne; Vaughn, Kevin C.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Sherman, Timothy D.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kevin.vaughn@ars.usda.gov FU NSF [DBI-0421683, RCN-0090281] FX These investigations were supported in part by an NRI grant to Kevin C. Vaughn. Dr. Timothy D. Sherman, Dr. T. Wayne Barger, and Dr. Andrew J. Bowling were supported by funds from the ARS Research Associate Program. Development and distribution of the antibodies designated CCRC were supported in part by NSF grants (DBI-0421683 and RCN-0090281). Thanks are extended to Brian Maxwell, Lynn Libous-Bailey, and Melyssa Bratton for their excellent technical assistance during the course of these experiments. Dr. John Hoffman assisted in some immunofluorescence experiments that are not shown in this article. Helpful comments from Rick Turley and Reiner Kloth are acknowledged. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 169 IS 8 BP 998 EP 1012 DI 10.1086/590442 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 365SQ UT WOS:000260428500003 ER PT J AU Wei, W Lee, IM Davis, RE Suo, X Zhao, Y AF Wei, Wei Lee, Ing-Ming Davis, Robert E. Suo, Xiaobing Zhao, Yan TI Automated RFLP pattern comparison and similarity coefficient calculation for rapid delineation of new and distinct phytoplasma 16Sr subgroup lineages SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOVER PROLIFERATION PHYTOPLASMA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; ASTER YELLOWS VIRUS; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; STRAIN CLUSTER; PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SEQUENCE HETEROGENEITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FINER DIFFERENTIATION AB Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria that cause numerous diseases in several hundred plant species. During adaptation to transkingdom parasitism in diverse plant and insect hosts, phytoplasma evolution has given rise to widely divergent lineages. Since phytoplasmas cannot be cultured in a cell-free medium, measurable phenotypic characters suitable for conventional microbial classification are mostly inaccessible. Currently, phytoplasma differentiation and classification are mainly dependent on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Extending our recent efforts in the exploitation of computer-simulated 16S rRNA gene RFLP analysis and virtual gel plotting for rapid classification of phytoplasmas, we have developed a Perl program for automated RFLP pattern comparison and similarity coefficient calculation. This program streamlines virtual RFLP pattern analysis and has led to the establishment of a criterion for phytoplasma 16Sr subgroup classification and to the delineation of new and distinct subgroup lineages in the clover proliferation phytoplasma group (16SrVI). C1 [Wei, Wei; Lee, Ing-Ming; Davis, Robert E.; Suo, Xiaobing; Zhao, Yan] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 57 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 58 BP 2368 EP 2377 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.65868-0 PN 10 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 366KB UT WOS:000260478600024 PM 18842858 ER PT J AU Conn, JS Stockdale, CA Morgan, JC AF Conn, Jeffery S. Stockdale, Casie A. Morgan, Jenny C. TI Characterizing Pathways of Invasive Plant Spread to Alaska: I. Propagules from Container-Grown Ornamentals SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pathways; container-grown ornamentals AB To determine the extent and nature of container-grown plant soil as a pathway for introduction of exotic plant species to Alaska, soil from container-grown ornamentals was obtained from vendors and was incubated in the greenhouse. Fifty-four plant species were identified growing in containers or germinating from the soil, and included Canada thistle-a prohibited weed in Alaska-and nine other species listed as invasive in Alaska. The number of species and estimated seed bank were very low for soil from vegetable starts/herbs and herbaceous bedding plants (<2 seedlings/L soil), but was greater for soil from containers containing woody plants, especially balled and burlapped ornamentals (20 seedlings/L soil). Container alien plant seed bank size was strongly related to type of soil. Potting (soil-less) soil contained 1.2 germinating seeds/L, soil-based soil 5.5 seeds/L, and mineral soil 18.7 seeds/L. Growers and vendors were variables that also influenced the size of the container seed bank, suggesting that weed management practiced during production and at the point of sale can greatly influence seed banks of ornamental containers. C1 [Conn, Jeffery S.; Stockdale, Casie A.; Morgan, Jenny C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarct Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarct Res Unit, 360 ONeil Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffjsc1@uaf.edu FU U.S. Forest Service State and Private Forestry FX We thank U.S. Forest Service State and Private Forestry for helping to fund this research and allowing Melinda Lamb to help with surveys and plant purchases in Juneau. Michael Shephard helped shape the study design and Julie Riley, University of Alaska Cooperative Extension Service, provided insight into the nursery business and helped us contact nursery owners. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1614/IPSM-08-063.1 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V25WD UT WOS:000208507200001 ER PT J AU Brown, CS Anderson, VJ Claassen, VP Stannard, ME Wilson, LM Atkinson, SY Bromberg, JE Grant, TA Munis, MD AF Brown, Cynthia S. Anderson, Val. J. Claassen, Victor P. Stannard, Mark E. Wilson, Linda M. Atkinson, Sheryl Y. Bromberg, James E. Grant, Thomas A., III Munis, Marques D. TI Restoration Ecology and Invasive Plants in the Semiarid West SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Remediation; rehabilitation; succession; community assembly; revegetation; ecosystem processes; assisted succession; succession management AB Invasive plants are a common problem in the management and restoration of degraded lands in the semiarid western United States, but are often not the primary focus of restoration ecologists. Likewise, restoring native vegetation has not been a major concern of weed scientists. But trends in the literature demonstrate increasing overlap of these fields, and greater collaboration between them can lead to improved efficacy of restoration efforts. Succession and ecosystem development are the products of complex interactions of abiotic and biotic factors. Our greatest restoration and invasive plant management successes should result when we take advantage of these natural processes. Recent shifts in management objectives have generated approaches to directing plant community development that utilize species that are strong competitors with invasive species as a bridge to the establishment of native perennial vegetation. Soil water and nutrient characteristics and their interactions can affect desired and undesired plant species differentially and may be manipulated to favor establishment and persistence of desired perennial plant communities. Selection of appropriate plant materials is also essential. Species assemblages that suppress or exclude invaders and competitive plant materials that are well adapted to restoration site conditions are important keys to success. We provide guidelines for restoration based on the fundamental ecological principles underlying succession. Knowledge of the complex interactions among the biotic and abiotic factors that affect successional processes and ecosystem development, and increased collaboration between weed scientists and restoration ecologists hold promise for improving restoration success and invasive species management. C1 [Brown, Cynthia S.; Wilson, Linda M.; Atkinson, Sheryl Y.; Bromberg, James E.; Grant, Thomas A., III; Munis, Marques D.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Anderson, Val. J.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Claassen, Victor P.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stannard, Mark E.] USDA, Plant Mat Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wilson, Linda M.] British Columbia Minist Agr & Lands, Invas Plant Management Program, Abbotsford, BC V3G2M3, Canada. RP Brown, CS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Cynthia.S.Brown@ColoState.edu RI Brown, Cynthia/K-5814-2012 NR 105 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 36 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 399 EP 413 DI 10.1614/IPSM-08-082.1 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V25WD UT WOS:000208507200010 ER PT J AU Charlet, LD Aiken, RM Seiler, GJ Chirumamilla, A Hulke, BS Knodel, JJ AF Charlet, Laurence D. Aiken, Robert M. Seiler, Gerald J. Chirumamilla, Anitha Hulke, Brent S. Knodel, Janet J. TI Resistance in Cultivated Sunflower to the Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cultivated sunflower; Helianthus annuus; pest management; host plant resistance; sunflower moth; Homoeosoma electellum ID HOMOEOSOMA-ELECTELLUM LEPIDOPTERA; GREAT-PLAINS; NATIVE MOTH; INSECTICIDES; HELIANTHUS; STRATEGIES; PARASITISM; GERMPLASM; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR AB A five-year field study evaluated 42 sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) accessions, 25 breeding lines, and 40 interspecific crosses for resistance to infestation and damage from larval feeding by naturally occurring populations of the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Accessions PI 175728 and PI 307946 had less than 3% feeding damage per head in all three years they were tested. Some interspecific crosses showed evidence of resistance; PAR 1673-1 had less than 2% seed damage in 2002 and 2003 and less than 3% in 2005. PRA PRA 1142 sustained less than 3% seed damage and STR 1622-1 had less than 2% seed damage in three years of trials. Breeding lines with potential resistance included 01-4068-2, which had the least amount of seed damage per head in 2002 (<1%) and in 2003 averaged only 2% damage. Line 01-4080-1, with less than 1% damage in 2002 and in 2003, was the least damaged entry in these evaluations. Hybrid '894' was included as a standard check; however, it consistently had among the lowest average seed damage from H. electellum feeding. Our investigation showed the potential for developing resistant genotypes for the sunflower moth to reduce seed feeding injury and to prevent yield losses for sunflower producers. The development of germplasm with host plant resistance would provide another tool in an integrated pest management approach for H. electellum. Additional effort is in progress to use the identified lines to introgress resistance genes into cultivated sunflower through conventional breeding facilitated by marker-assisted selection. C1 [Charlet, Laurence D.; Seiler, Gerald J.; Hulke, Brent S.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Aiken, Robert M.] Kansas State Univ, NW Res Extens Ctr, Colby, KS 67701 USA. [Chirumamilla, Anitha; Knodel, Janet J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Dept 7650, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Charlet, LD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. FU High Plains Committee of the National Sunflower Association; National Sunflower Association FX We thank Theresa Gross (USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND) for assistance in the laboratory, Larry Dible (Kansas State Univ., Colby, KS) for planting and plot maintenance, and Ralph Wolf (Kansas State Univ., Colby, KS) for field sampling and data collection. The High Plains Committee of the National Sunflower Association and the National Sunflower Association provided a portion of the financial support for this project. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 245 EP 257 DI 10.3954/1523-5475-25.4.245 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V15EX UT WOS:000207786400003 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Reed, ST Albano, JP AF Glaz, B. Reed, S. T. Albano, J. P. TI Sugarcane response to nitrogen fertilization on a histosol with shallow water table and periodic flooding SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Everglades Agricultural Area; Florida; leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) ID EVERGLADES AGRICULTURAL AREA; ORGANIC SOIL; IRRIGATION; GROWTH; YIELD AB Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is increasingly exposed to periodic floods and shallow water tables on Histosols in Florida's Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). In the past, when these soils were usually well drained, they provided excess N for sugarcane through microbial oxidation. It is not known if supplemental N would now improve yields because microbial oxidation is reduced by shallow water tables and periodic floods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer rates on two sugarcane cultivars exposed to a 25-cm water-table depth with and without repeated 2-day floods. Two studies were planted in containers in 2001 and 2002 with two sugarcane cultivars and five equally spaced rates of N fertilizer from 0 to 200 kg ha(-1). Leaf, stalk and root weights were reduced by periodic flooding and the magnitude of the reduction sometimes differed between cultivars. Plant weights, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf N content were often highest near an N rate of 100 kg ha(-1). Usually, N fertilizer rate did not interact with water treatment. Nitrogen fertilization may be useful for sugarcane exposed to water-table depths of 25 cm with and without 2-day repeated floods on EAA Histosols. C1 [Glaz, B.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Reed, S. T.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Albano, J. P.] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM barry.glaz@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 194 IS 5 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2008.00329.x PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 350IB UT WOS:000259344800006 ER PT J AU Weber, TE Kerr, BJ Spurlock, ME AF Weber, T. E. Kerr, B. J. Spurlock, M. E. TI Regulation of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha expression but not adiponectin by dietary protein in finishing pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE soy; pigs; adiponectin; PPAR ID ACID-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS; REDUCED-CRUDE PROTEIN; SOY PROTEIN; PPAR-ALPHA; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; ISOFLAVONES; GENES; METABOLISM; MECHANISMS AB Soy protein regulates adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) in some species, but the effect of dietary soy protein on adiponectin and PPAR alpha in the pig has not been studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether soya bean meal reduction or replacement influences serum adiponectin, adiponectin mRNA, serum metabolites and the expression of PPAR alpha and other genes involved in lipid deposition. Thirty-three pigs (11 pigs per treatment) were subjected to one of three dietary treatments: (i) reduced crude protein (CP) diet containing soya bean meal (RCP-Soy), (ii) high CP diet containing soya bean meal (HCP-Soy) or (iii) high CP diet with corn gluten meal replacing soya bean meal (HCP-CGM) for 35 days. Dietary treatment had no effect on overall growth performance, feed intake or measures of body composition. There was no effect of dietary treatment on serum adiponectin or leptin. Dietary treatment did not affect the abundance of the mRNAs for adiponectin, PPAR alpha, PPAR gamma 2, lipoprotein lipase or fatty acid synthase in adipose tissue. The mRNA expression of PPAR alpha, PPAR gamma 2, lipoprotein lipase or fatty acid synthetase in loin muscle was not affected by dietary treatment. In liver tissue, the relative abundance of PPAR alpha mRNA was greater (p < 0.05) in pigs fed the HCP-Soy diets when compared to pigs fed RCP-Soy or HCP-CGM diets. Hepatic mRNA expression of acyl-CoA oxidase or fatty acid synthase was not affected by dietary treatment. Western blot analysis indicated that hepatic PPAR alpha protein levels were decreased (p < 0.05) in pigs fed the RCP-Soy diets when compared to pigs fed the HCP-Soy diets. These data suggest that increasing the soy protein content of swine diets increases hepatic expression of PPAR alpha without associated changes in body composition. C1 [Weber, T. E.; Kerr, B. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Spurlock, M. E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. RP Weber, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, 2150 Pammel DR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.weber@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2439 J9 J ANIM PHYSIOL AN N JI J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 92 IS 5 BP 569 EP 577 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00750.x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 354YQ UT WOS:000259676200007 PM 19012601 ER PT J AU Casas, E Snowder, GD AF Casas, E. Snowder, G. D. TI A putative quantitative trait locus on chromosome 20 associated with bovine pathogenic disease incidence SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; disease; pathogen; quantitative trait locus ID CARCASS COMPOSITION; AFFECTING GROWTH; FEEDLOT CATTLE; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; GENOME; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; MYOSTATIN AB The objective of this study was to detect QTL associated with the incidence of multiple pathogenic diseases in offspring from half-sib bovine families. Four F-1 sires were used to produce offspring: Brahman x Hereford (BH; n = 547), Piedmontese x Angus (PA; n = 209), Brahman x Angus (n = 176), and Belgian Blue x MARC III (n = 246). Treatment records for bovine respiratory disease, infectious keratoconjunctivitis ( pinkeye), and infectious pododermatitis (footrot) were available for all of the offspring from birth to slaughter. The incidences of these 3 microbial pathogenic diseases were combined into a single binary trait to represent an overall pathogenic disease incidence. Offspring diagnosed and treated for 1 or more of the previously mentioned pathogenic diseases were coded as a 1 for affected. Cattle with no treatment record were coded as 0 for healthy. A putative QTL for pathogenic disease incidence was detected in the family derived from the BH sire at the genome-wise suggestive level. This was supported by evidence, in the same chromosomal region, of a similar QTL in the family derived from the PA sire. The maximum F-statistic (F = 13.52; P = 0.0003) was located at cM 18. The support interval of the QTL spanned from cM 9 to 28. Further studies should explore this QTL by using other bovine populations to further confirm the QTL and refine the QTL support interval. Offspring inheriting the Hereford allele, in the family from the BH sire, and the Angus allele, in the family from the PA sire, were less susceptible to incidence of pathogenic diseases, when compared with those inheriting the Brahman allele and Piedmontese allele, from the BH and PA sires, respectively. C1 [Casas, E.; Snowder, G. D.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM eduardo.casas@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2455 EP 2460 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-0933 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 353RX UT WOS:000259587000003 PM 18502878 ER PT J AU Spangler, ML Sapp, RL Bertrand, JK MacNeil, MD Rekaya, R AF Spangler, M. L. Sapp, R. L. Bertrand, J. K. MacNeil, M. D. Rekaya, R. TI Different methods of selecting animals for genotyping to maximize the amount of genetic information known in the population SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genotype sampling; marker-assisted selection; simulation ID PEDIGREES; MODEL AB It is possible to predict genotypes of some individuals based on genotypes of relatives. Different methods of sampling individuals to be genotyped from populations were evaluated using simulation. Simulated pedigrees included 5,000 animals and were assigned genotypes based on assumed allelic frequencies for a SNP (favorable/unfavorable) of 0.3/0.7, 0.5/0.5, and 0.8/0.2. A field data pedigree (29,101 animals) and a research pedigree (8,688 animals) were used to test selected methods using simulated genotypes with allelic frequencies of 0.3/0.7 and 0.5/0.5. For the simulated pedigrees, known and unknown allelic frequencies were assumed. The methods used included random sampling, selection of males, and selection of both sexes based on the diagonal element of the inverse of the relationship matrix (A-1) and absorption of either the A or A-1 matrix. For random sampling, scenarios included selection of 5 and 15% of the animals, and all other methods presented concentrated on the selection of 5% of the animals for genotyping. The methods were evaluated based on the percentage of alleles correctly assigned after peeling (AK(P)), the probability of assigning true alleles (AK(G)), and the average probability of correctly assigning the true genotype. As expected, random sampling was the least desirable method. The most desirable method in the simulated pedigrees was selecting both males and females based on their diagonal element of A-1. Increases in AK(P) and AK(G) ranged from 26.58 to 29.11% and 2.76 to 6.08%, respectively, when males and females (equal to 5% of all animals) were selected based on their diagonal element of A-1 compared with selecting 15% of the animals at random. In the case of a real beef cattle pedigree, selection of males only or males and females yielded similar results and both selection methods were superior to random selection. C1 [Spangler, M. L.; Bertrand, J. K.; Rekaya, R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sapp, R. L.; MacNeil, M. D.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Rekaya, R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rekaya, R.] Univ Georgia, Inst Bioinformat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rekaya, R (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rrekaya@uga.edu RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009; OI Spangler, Matthew/0000-0001-5184-501X NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2471 EP 2479 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0492 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 353RX UT WOS:000259587000005 PM 18441071 ER PT J AU MacNeil, MD Northcutt, SL AF MacNeil, M. D. Northcutt, S. L. TI National cattle evaluation system for combined analysis of carcass characteristics and indicator traits recorded by using ultrasound in Angus cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; carcass; genetic parameter; ultrasound ID GENETIC-PARAMETERS; LIVE; BULLS AB The objectives were to 1) evaluate genetic relationships of sex-specific indicators of carcass merit obtained by using ultrasound with carcass traits of steers; 2) estimate genetic parameters needed to implement combined analyses of carcass and indicator traits to produce unified national cattle evaluations for LM area, subcutaneous fat depth (SQF), and marbling (MRB), with the ultimate goal of publishing only EPD for the carcass traits; and 3) compare resulting evaluations with previous ones. Four data sets were extracted from the records of the American Angus Association from 33,857 bulls, 33,737 heifers, and 1,805 steers that had measures of intramuscular fat content (IMF), LM area (uLMA), and SQF derived from interpretation of ultrasonic imagery, and BW recorded at the time of scanning. Also used were 38,296 records from steers with MRB, fat depth at the 12th to 13th rib interface (FD), carcass weight, and carcass LM area (cLMA) recorded on slaughter. (Co) variance components were estimated with ASREML by using the same models as used for national cattle evaluations by the American Angus Association. Heritability estimates for carcass measures were 0.45 +/- 0.03, 0.34 +/- 0.02, 0.40 +/- 0.02, and 0.33 +/- 0.02 for MRB, FD, carcass weight, and cLMA, respectively. Genetic correlations of carcass measures from steers with ultrasonic measures from bulls and heifers indicated sex-specific relationships for IMF (0.66 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.06) and uLMA (0.63 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.78 +/- 0.05), but not for BW at scanning (0.46 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.40 +/- 0.07) or SQF (0.53 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.55 +/- 0.06). For each trait, estimates of genetic correlations between bulls and heifers measured by using ultrasound were greater than 0.8. Prototype national cattle evaluations were conducted by using the estimated genetic parameters, resulting in some reranking of sires relative to previous analyses. Rank correlations of high-impact sires were 0.91 and 0.84 for the joint analysis of MRB and IMF with previous separate analyses of MRB and IMF, respectively. Corresponding results for FD and SQF were 0.90 and 0.90, and for cLMA and uLMA were 0.79 and 0.89. The unified national cattle evaluation for carcass traits using measurements from slaughtered animals and ultrasonic imagery of seed stock in a combined analysis appropriately weights information from these sources and provides breeders estimates of genetic merit consistent with traits in their breeding objectives on which to base selection decisions. C1 [MacNeil, M. D.] USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Northcutt, S. L.] Amer Angus Assoc, St Joseph, MO 64506 USA. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mike.macneil@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2518 EP 2524 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-0901 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 353RX UT WOS:000259587000010 PM 18539834 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Kachman, SD Johnson, RK Newman, S Van Vleck, LD AF Chen, C. Y. Kachman, S. D. Johnson, R. K. Newman, S. Van Vleck, L. D. TI Estimation of genetic parameters for average daily gain using models with competition effects SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition; genetic parameter; swine ID VARIANCE-COMPONENTS AB Components of variance for ADG with models including competition effects were estimated from data provided by the Pig Improvement Company on 11,235 pigs from 4 selected lines of swine. Fifteen pigs with average age of 71 d were randomly assigned to a pen by line and sex and taken off test after approximately 89 d (off-test BW ranged from 61 to 158 kg). Models included fixed effects of line, sex, and contemporary group and initial test age as a covariate, with random direct genetic, competition (genetic and environmental), pen, litter, and residual effects. With the full model, variances attributable to direct, direct-competition, genetic competition, and litter (co) variance components could be partitioned; genetic competition variance was small but statistically significantly different from zero. Variances attributable to environmental competition, pen, and residual effects could not be partitioned, but combinations of these environmental variances were estimable. Variances could be partitioned with either pen effects or environmental competition effects in the model. Environmental competition effects seemed to be the source of variance associated with pens. With pen as a fixed effect and without environmental competition effects in the model, genetic components of variance could not be partitioned, but combinations of genetic (co) variances were estimable. With both pen and environmental competition effects ignored, estimates of direct-competition and genetic competition (co) variance components were greatly inflated. With competition (genetic and environmental) effects ignored, the estimate of pen variance increased by 39%, with little change in estimates of direct genetic or residual variance. When both pen and competition (genetic and environmental) effects were dropped from the model, variance attributable to direct genetic effects was inflated. Estimates of variance attributable to competition effects were small in this study. Including environmental competition effects as permanent environmental effects in the model did not change estimates of genetic (co) variances. We concluded that including either pen effects or environmental competition effects as random effects in the model avoids bias in estimates of genetic variances but that including pen effects is much easier. C1 [Chen, C. Y.; Johnson, R. K.; Van Vleck, L. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kachman, S. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Newman, S.] Genus Pig Improvement Co PIC NA, Hendersonville, TN 37075 USA. [Van Vleck, L. D.] Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu OI Kachman, Stephen/0000-0003-0506-513X NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2525 EP 2530 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0660 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 353RX UT WOS:000259587000011 PM 18539840 ER PT J AU Alexander, LS Qu, A Cutler, SA Mahajan, A Lonergan, SM Rothschild, MF Weber, TE Kerr, BJ Stahl, CH AF Alexander, L. S. Qu, A. Cutler, S. A. Mahajan, A. Lonergan, S. M. Rothschild, M. F. Weber, T. E. Kerr, B. J. Stahl, C. H. TI Response to dietary phosphorus deficiency is affected by genetic background in growing pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bone; meat quality; phosphorus; pig ID PARATHYROID-HORMONE GENE; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; FINISHING PIGS; EXPRESSION; CORN; PROMOTER; CALCIUM; PORK; BIOAVAILABILITY; PERFORMANCE AB Concern over the environmental effect of P excretion from pig production has led to reduced dietary P supplementation. To examine how genetics influence P utilization, 94 gilts sired by 2 genetic lines (PIC337 and PIC280) were housed individually and fed either a P-adequate diet (PA) or a 20% P-deficient diet (PD) for 14 wk. Initially and monthly, blood samples were collected and BW recorded after an overnight fast. Growth performance and plasma indicators of P status were determined monthly. At the end of the trial, carcass traits, meat quality, bone strength, and ash percentage were determined. Pigs fed the PD diet had decreased (P < 0.05) plasma P concentrations and poorer G: F (P < 0.05) over the length of the trial. After 4 wk on trial, pigs fed the PD diet had increased (P < 0.05) plasma 1,25(OH) D-2(3) and decreased (P < 0.05) plasma parathyroid hormone compared with those fed the PA diet. At the end of the trial, pigs fed the PD diet had decreased (P < 0.05) BW, HCW, and percentage fat-free lean and tended to have decreased LM area (P = 0.06) and marbling (P = 0.09) and greater (P = 0.12) 10th-rib backfat than pigs fed the PA diet. Additionally, animals fed the PD diet had weaker bones and also decreased (P < 0.05) ash percentage and increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of 1 alpha-hydroxylase and parathyroid hormone receptor mRNA in kidney tissue. Regardless of dietary treatment, PIC337-sired pigs consumed more feed and gained more BW than their PIC280-sired counterparts (P < 0.05) during the study. The PIC337-sired pigs also had greater (P < 0.05) HCW, larger (P < 0.01) LM area, and tended to have (P = 0.07) greater dressing percentage. Meat from the PIC337-sired pigs also tended to have greater (P = 0.12) concentrations of lactate but decreased (P = 0.07) concentrations of total glucose units 24 h postslaughter. Although plasma 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 concentrations were elevated (P < 0.05) in all the animals fed the PD diet, this elevation due to P deficiency tended (P = 0.09) to be greater in the PIC337-sired pigs after 12 wk on the treatment. The PIC337-sired pigs had stronger (P < 0.01) bones with greater ash percentage than the PIC280-sired pigs. The difference in the strength of the radii between the PIC337-sired pigs fed the PA and PD diets was greater than their PIC280-sired counterparts, which resulted in sire line x treatment interactions (P < 0.05). These data indicate differing mechanisms of P utilization between these genetic lines. Elucidating these mechanisms may lead to strategies to increase efficiency of growth in a more environmentally friendly manner. C1 [Alexander, L. S.; Mahajan, A.; Stahl, C. H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Alexander, L. S.; Qu, A.; Cutler, S. A.; Mahajan, A.; Lonergan, S. M.; Rothschild, M. F.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Rothschild, M. F.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Integrat Anim Genom, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Weber, T. E.; Kerr, B. J.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Stahl, CH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chad_stahl@ncsu.edu RI Lonergan, Steven/O-6233-2016 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2585 EP 2595 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0692 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 353RX UT WOS:000259587000018 PM 18502882 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Panter, KE Gardner, DR Green, BT Pfister, JA Cook, D Stegelmeier, BL AF Welch, K. D. Panter, K. E. Gardner, D. R. Green, B. T. Pfister, J. A. Cook, D. Stegelmeier, B. L. TI The effect of 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine-type diterpenoid alkaloids on the toxicity of methyllycaconitine in mice SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Delphinium; diterpenoid alkaloid; larkspur; median lethal dose (LD50); methyllycaconitine ID ALPHA-BUNGAROTOXIN BINDING; NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; LARKSPUR DELPHINIUM; TALL LARKSPUR; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ACETYLCHOLINE; BARBEYI; SPP.; RAT AB Larkspur plants contain numerous norditerpenoid alkaloids, which include the 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine (MDL)-type alkaloids and the N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)type alkaloids. The MSAL-type alkaloids are generally much more toxic (typically > 20 times). Toxicity of many tall larkspurs, such as Delphinium barbeyi, has been attributed to its large concentration of MSAL-type alkaloids, including methyllycaconitine (MLA). However, the norditerpenoid alkaloids found in the greatest concentrations in most D. barbeyi populations are either deltaline or 14-O-acetyldictyocarpine (14OAD), both less toxic MDL-type alkaloids. Although the individual toxicities of MLA, 14-OAD, and deltaline have been determined, the impact ( additive or antagonistic) that large concentrations of deltaline or 14-OAD in the plant have on the toxicity of MLA is unknown. Consequently, the effect of MDL-type alkaloids on the toxicity of MLA was compared by using median lethal dose (LD50) and toxicokinetic profiles of the brain and muscle from mice receiving i.v. administration of these alkaloids, individually or in combination, at ratios of 1: 1, 1: 5, and 1: 25 MLA to MDL-type alkaloids. The LD50 for MLA alone was 4.4 +/- 0.7 mg/kg of BW, whereas the coadministration of MLA and deltaline at 1: 1, 1: 5, and 1: 25 resulted in an LD50 of 2.7, 2.5, and 1.9 mg/kg of BW, respectively. Similarly, the coadministration of MLA and 14-OAD at 1: 1, 1: 5, and 1: 25 resulted in an LD50 of 3.1, 2.2, and 1.5 mg/kg of BW, respectively. Coadministration of mixtures did not result in increased MLA bioavailability or alterations in clearance from the brain and muscle. Consequently, the increased toxicity of the mixtures was not a result of increased MLA bioavailability (based on the maximum concentrations observed) or alterations in MLA clearance from the brain and muscle, because these were unchanged. These results demonstrate that MDL-type alkaloids have an additive effect on MLA toxicity in mice and may also play a role in the overall toxicity of tall larkspur plants in cattle. C1 [Welch, K. D.; Panter, K. E.; Gardner, D. R.; Green, B. T.; Pfister, J. A.; Cook, D.; Stegelmeier, B. L.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Welch, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM Kevin.Welch@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2761 EP 2770 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1025 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 353RX UT WOS:000259587000036 PM 18539831 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Panter, KE Pfister, JA Gardner, DR Welch, KD AF Lee, S. T. Panter, K. E. Pfister, J. A. Gardner, D. R. Welch, K. D. TI The effect of body condition on serum concentrations of two teratogenic alkaloids (anagyrine and ammodendrine) from lupines (Lupinus species) that cause crooked calf disease SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkaloid; ammodendrine; anagyrine; body condition; cattle; lupine ID DISPOSITION; FORMOSUS; PLANTS; CALVES; BIRTH; FETAL AB Several species of lupine (Lupinus spp.) are toxic to livestock, causing death losses in sheep and cattle but more commonly crooked calf disease in pregnant range cows. The major toxic alkaloids in lupine are of the quinolizidine alkaloid group and include the teratogen anagyrine, which is primarily responsible for crooked calf disease. Lupines also contain teratogenic piperidine alkaloids including ammodendrine. Previous work in sheep has shown that lupine alkaloid clearance may be influenced by the animal's physiological status. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if differences in body condition of cattle would alter the absorption and elimination of anagyrine or ammodendrine given in a single oral dose as Lupinus leucophyllus or Lupinus sulphureus, respectively. Mature nonlactating cows in low body condition (LBC, n = 4) and high body condition (HBC, n = 4) received a single dose of dry ground lupine plant (2.0 g kg of BW) via oral gavage. Lupinus leucophyllus ( anagyrine) was dosed first; then after 21 d the same animals were dosed with L. sulphureus (ammodendrine). Blood samples were taken via jugular venipuncture 0 to 60 h after dosing. Serum anagyrine and ammodendrine concentrations were evaluated. The concentration of anagyrine was greater (P = 0.001) in the HBC group and peaked 2 h after dosing versus 12 h in LBC cows. Similarly for ammodendrine, the alkaloid concentration peaked at 3 h after dosing for the HBC group compared with 6 h for the LBC group (P = 0.001). Area under the curve tended to differ (P = 0.11) for both alkaloids in the HBC group compared with the LBC group. There were also differences in the maximum serum anagyrine (P = 0.02) and ammodendrine (P = 0.06) concentrations. Elimination half-life (E1/2) tended to differ (P = 0.12) between the HBC and LBC groups for ammodendrine. The kinetic profiles suggest that body condition influenced the disposition of these alkaloids. This study also suggests that body condition may impact the risk of toxicity, teratogenicity, or both of these alkaloids. C1 [Lee, S. T.; Panter, K. E.; Pfister, J. A.; Gardner, D. R.; Welch, K. D.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM stephen.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2771 EP 2778 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0610 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 353RX UT WOS:000259587000037 PM 18539842 ER PT J AU Ferrell, CL Oltjen, JW AF Ferrell, C. L. Oltjen, J. W. TI ASAS CENTENNIAL PAPER: Net energy systems for beef cattle - Concepts, application, and future models SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; feeding system; net energy ID BODY-COMPOSITION; PROTEIN SYSTEM; DYNAMIC-MODEL; ANIMAL GROWTH; NUTRITIONAL ENERGETICS; SIMULATION-MODEL; LAMB METABOLISM; REQUIREMENTS; STEERS; SHEEP AB Development of nutritional energetics can be traced to the 1400s. Lavoisier established relationships among O-2 use, CO2 production and heat production in the late 1700s, and the laws of thermodynamics and law of Hess were discovered during the 1840s. Those discoveries established the fundamental bases for nutritional energetics and enabled the fundamental entity ME = retained energy + heat energy to be established. Objectives became: 1) to establish relationships between gas exchange and heat energy, 2) to devise bases for evaluation of foods that could be related to energy expenditures, and 3) to establish causes of energy expenditures. From these endeavors, the basic concepts of energy partitioning by animals were developed, ultimately resulting in the development of feeding systems based on NE concepts. The California Net Energy System, developed for finishing beef cattle, was the first to be based on retained energy as determined by comparative slaughter and the first to use 2 NE values (NEm and NEg) to describe feed and animal requirements. The system has been broadened conceptually to encompass life cycle energy requirements of beef cattle and modified by the inclusion of numerous adjustments to address factors known to affect energy requirements and value of feed to meet those needs. The current NE system remains useful but is empirical and static in nature and thus fails to capture the dynamics of energy utilization by diverse animals as they respond to changing environmental conditions. Consequently, efforts were initiated to develop dynamic simulation models that captured the underlying biology and thus were sensitive to variable genetic and environmental conditions. Development of a series of models has been described to show examples of the conceptual evolution of dynamic, mechanistic models and their applications. Generally with each new system, advances in prediction accuracy came about by adding new terms to conceptually validated models. However, complexity of input requirements often limits general use of these larger models. Expert systems may be utilized to provide many of the additional inputs needed for application of the more complex models. Additional information available from these systems is expected to result in an ever-increasing range of application. These systems are expected to have increased generality and the capability to be integrated with other models to allow economic evaluation. This will eventually allow users to compute solutions that allow development of optimal production strategies. C1 [Oltjen, J. W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ferrell, C. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Oltjen, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jwoltjen@ucdavis.edu NR 96 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2779 EP 2794 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-0954 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 353RX UT WOS:000259587000038 PM 18820167 ER PT J AU James, JJ AF James, J. J. TI Leaf nitrogen productivity as a mechanism driving the success of invasive annual grasses under low and high nitrogen supply SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; Great Basin; invasion; nutrients; Taeniatherum caput-medusae ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; ROOT RESPONSES; N PULSES; PLANT; SOIL; FIELD; HETEROGENEITY; ATTRIBUTES; RANGELAND; COMMUNITY AB Invasion of the historically perennial-dominated landscapes in the Great Basin by exotic winter annual grasses is one of the most serious plant invasions in North America. Evidence suggests invasive annuals outperform native perennials under N-poor and N-rich conditions. The objective of this study was to identify key traits contributing to the success of invasive annual grasses in these environments. Three invasive annual grasses, two native perennial grasses and one introduced perennial grass were exposed to three levels of N supply. Root biomass, root length, root N uptake rate, root and leaf morphology, leaf nitrogen productivity (leaf NP) as well as biomass and N allocation were quantified over four harvests. Path analysis indicated that leaf NP was the key trait contributing to variation in N capture among the species. Species with a higher leaf NP produced more root length and consequently captured more N under a range of soil N availability. This suggests variation in leaf NP may be one critical trait determining the ability of the resident plant community to resist establishment of these invaders. Restoration programs may be able to increase weed resistance by specifically selecting for this trait in revegetation efforts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jeremy.james@oregonstate.edu FU USDI BLM Great Basin Restoration Initiative; USDA FS Rocky Mountain Research Station FX I thank L Kenny, L. Starbuck, L Ziegenhagen for help with experimental set up and lab work and the USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Lab in Logan, LIT for Hycrest II seeds. This research was supported by the USDI BLM Great Basin Restoration Initiative and the USDA FS Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 43 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1775 EP 1784 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.05.001 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 345MQ UT WOS:000259001300003 ER PT J AU Hamerlynck, ER McAuliffe, JR AF Hamerlynck, E. R. McAuliffe, J. R. TI Soil-dependent canopy die-back and plant mortality in two Mojave Desert shrubs SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Ambosia dumosa; drought; Larrea tridentata; soil horizons ID CREOSOTEBUSH LARREA-TRIDENTATA; SONORAN-DESERT; XYLEM CAVITATION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; ROOT DISTRIBUTION; WATER RELATIONS; GAS-EXCHANGE; VARIABILITY; COMPETITION; LANDSCAPE AB Recent drought has led to unprecedented levels of plant mortality across the Southwestern US. An unaddressed feature of this drought's impact is how soil characteristics and soil hydrological behavior affect desert plant canopy die-back and mortality. Here. we present a multi-year study in the Mojave Desert assessing canopy die-back and whole-plant mortality of white bursage (Ambrosia dumosa) and creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) in soils varying in surface and sub-surface horizon development, and topographic (hillslope vs. channel) positions. Canopy die-back and mortality was more widespread A. dumosa than in L. tridentata, and dead plants tended to be smaller than surviving plants, especially in channel and hillslope locations. This suggests that juveniles were particularly vulnerable where plants depended heavily on augmentation of incident precipitation by runoff. Canopy die-back was greater in young, weakly developed soils that fostered extensive plant growth, while plants growing in older, well-developed soils showed markedly lower branch and plant mortality, especially in A. dumosa. We attributed these differences in plant response in part to variation in distributions of large rocks within soil profiles, which might affect soil hydrological heterogeneity and intensity of plant competition for water. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hamerlynck, E. R.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [McAuliffe, J. R.] Desert Bot Garden, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Hamerlynck, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM erik.hamerlynck@ars.usda.gov FU NSF Division of Undergraduate Education; UC Riverside's Sweeny Granite Mountain Desert Research Center FX This research was made possible due to the enthusiasm of the 24 participants of the Chautauqua short course offered by EPH and John Carothers, supported by the NSF Division of Undergraduate Education, and the support of Jim Andre and staff of UC Riverside's Sweeny Granite Mountain Desert Research Center. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1793 EP 1802 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.05.002 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 345MQ UT WOS:000259001300005 ER PT J AU Beltran-Przekurat, A Pielke, RA Peters, DPC Snyder, KA Rango, A AF Beltran-Przekurat, Adriana Pielke, Roger A., Sr. Peters, Debra P. C. Snyder, Keirith A. Rango, Albert TI Modeling the effects of historical vegetation change on near-surface atmosphere in the northern Chihuahuan Desert SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE atmosphere-biosphere interactions; energy fluxes; Jornada Experimental Range; land-atmosphere interactions; regional climate modeling simulations; semiarid areas; surface fluxes; vegetation changes ID SOIL-MOISTURE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NEW-MEXICO; HEAT-FLUX; CLIMATE; DESERTIFICATION; DYNAMICS; ALBEDO; ESTABLISHMENT AB Our goal was to evaluate effects of broad-scale changes in vegetation from grasslands to shrublands over the past 150 years on near-surface atmosphere over the Jornada Experimental Range in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, using a regional climate model. Simulations were conducted using 1858 and 1998 vegetation maps, and data collected in the field. Overall, the vegetation shift led to small changes in sensible heat (SH) and an increase in latent heat (LH). The impacts of shrub encroachment depended on shrubland type: conversion from grass to mesquite cools the near-surface atmosphere and from grass to creosotebush warms it. Higher albedo of mesquite relative to grasses reduced available energy, which was dissipated mainly as LH due to the deeper root system in mesquite. in creosotebush-dominated areas, a decrease in albedo, an increase in roughness length and displacement height contributed to the SH increase and warmer temperatures. Sensitivity simulations showed that an increase in soil moisture content enhanced shrub LH and a reduction in mesquite cover enhanced the temperature differences. The observed shift in vegetation led to complex interactions between land and surface fluxes, demonstrating that vegetation itself is a weather and climate variable as it significantly influences temperature and humidity. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Beltran-Przekurat, Adriana; Pielke, Roger A., Sr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peters, Debra P. C.; Snyder, Keirith A.; Rango, Albert] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Beltran-Przekurat, A (reprint author), Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci ATOC, 311 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM adriana@cires.colorado.edu RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0217631, DEB 0080412] FX The Jornada Experimental Range is administered by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants no. DEB 0217631 and DEB 0080412. The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis are provided by the Data Support Section Scientific Computing Division at NCAR. NCAR is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. We would like to thank Dallas Staley for the editorial work on this paper with her customary outstanding professionalism and efficiency. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1897 EP 1910 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.05.012 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 345MQ UT WOS:000259001300014 ER PT J AU Johnson, MVV Fulbright, TE AF Johnson, M. V. V. Fulbright, T. E. TI Is exotic plant invasion enhanced by a traditional wildlife habitat management technique? SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Cenchrus ciliaris; disturbance; exotic; invasive; Pennisetum ciliare; Salsola iberica ID SEMIARID HABITAT; FOOD PLANTS; GRASSES; DISTURBANCE; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; RANGELANDS; DISKING; FIRE; ESTABLISHMENT AB Soil disturbance is a wildlife habitat management too[ that retards succession and promotes early seral vegetation. Our objective was to determine responses of two invasive herbaceous species (Pennisetum ciliate and Salsola iberica) and native perennial grasses to disking on different soils. Two 10 x 40 m plots were delineated within each of 4 blocks on Ramadero loams and 4 blocks on Delmita fine sandy loams. On Delmita soils, canopy cover of P. ciliare. S. iberica, and native perennial grasses averaged across all years was not affected by disking (ANOVA, P > 0.05). On Ramadero soils, P. ciliate canopy cover was similar Jukey's. P > 0.05) on control and disked plots for the first 4 years post-disturbance, but P. ciliate cover was 10-fold greater Jukey's, P = 0.02) the 5th year after disking on disked versus control plots. On Ramadero soils, S. iberica canopy cover averaged across all years was 221 times greater (ANOVA, P = 0.05) on disked plots than on control plots. Disking did not affect native perennial grass canopy cover. Land managers should consider soil series when disking for wildlife management, as disking disturbance may exacerbate exotic plant ingress and establishment on certain soils. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Johnson, M. V. V.] Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Johnson, M. V. V.; Fulbright, T. E.] Texas A&I Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Johnson, MVV (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM mari-vaughn.johnson@ars.usda.gov; kftef00@tamuk.edu FU Texas A&M University-Tom Slick Graduate Research Fellowship; Environmental Protection Agency-Science to Achieve Results Minority Academic Institution Fellowship; Texas A&M University-Kingsville-Presidential Scholarship; Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo Doctoral Scholarship; Texas A&M University system; Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute; USDA-ARS FX We thank R. Bingham, T. Boutton, L. Brennan, B. Brown, F. Hernandez, W. Kuvlesky, N. Silvy, and L. Zibilske for providing useful comments. We also thank the Texas A&M University-Tom Slick Graduate Research Fellowship, Environmental Protection Agency-Science to Achieve Results Minority Academic Institution Fellowship, the Texas A&M University-Kingsville-Presidential Scholarship, and Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo Doctoral Scholarship for support of this research. We thank Dr. Gary Schwartz and El Tecomate Ranch Partnership for providing the study area and disking equipment. Mention of a trademarked or copyrighted product does not constitute an endorsement by the Texas A&M University system, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, USDA-ARS, granting agencies supporting this research, or by the authors. This is Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Manuscript Number 07-107. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1911 EP 1917 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.04.006 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 345MQ UT WOS:000259001300015 ER PT J AU Sakakibara, Y Saha, BC AF Sakakibara, Yoshikiyo Saha, Badal C. TI Isolation of an Operon Involved in Xylitol Metabolism from a Xylitol-Utilizing Pantoea ananatis Mutant SO JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE DeoR regulator; operon; oxidoreductase; Pantoea ananatis; transposon tagging; xylitol metabolism ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AEROBACTER AEROGENES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENTERIC BACTERIA; L-ARABINOSE; GENES; EXPRESSION; RIBITOL; CATABOLISM; REPRESSOR AB An operon involved in cryptic xylitol metabolism of Pantoea ananatis was cloned by transposon tagging. A xylitol negative mutant with a transposon insertion in the xylitol 4-dehydrogenase gene (xdh) was isolated and genomic DNA around the transposon was sequenced. Consequently, six consecutive genes, xytB-G are located downstream of xdh in the same strand. These seven genes are cotranscribed as a single transcript in a P ananatis xylitol-utilizing mutant, suggesting that they comprise an operon. In addition to xdh, xytF also encodes oxidoreductase that is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. Recombinant Escherichia coli that heterologously expresses the Xdh protein converts xylitol to xylulose as expected. On the other hand, the recombinant XytF protein has activity with L-arabitol but not with xylitol. XytB, xytD and xytE have significant sequence similarities to genes encoding the substrate-binding, ATP-binding and permease subunits, respectively, of ATP-binding cassette transporters. Although the physiological role of the operon remains unknown, the operon appears to be involved in uptake and metabolism of a various sugar alcohols. A gene encoding a DeoR-type transcriptional regulator, xylR, is located upstream of the operon in the opposite strand and a single nucleotide substitution that could cause a nonsense mutation is present in the xytR gene of the xylitol-utilizing mutant. This result suggests that the product of xytR negatively controls expression of the operon like other DeoR regulators. C1 [Sakakibara, Yoshikiyo; Saha, Badal C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sakakibara, Yoshikiyo] Natl Food Res Inst, Food Biotechnol Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Sakakibara, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sakaki@affrc.go.jp NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN PI OSAKA PA OSAKA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, 2-1 YAMADAOKA, SUITA, OSAKA, 565-0871, JAPAN SN 1389-1723 J9 J BIOSCI BIOENG JI J. Biosci. Bioeng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 106 IS 4 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1263/jbb.106.337 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 385XA UT WOS:000261845700003 PM 19000608 ER PT J AU Ng, EC Dunford, NT Chenault, K AF Ng, Ee Chin Dunford, Nurhan T. Chenault, Kelly TI Chemical Characteristics and Volatile Profile of Genetically Modified Peanut Cultivars SO JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE peanut; genetic engineering; chemical composition; volatile profile; safety assessment ID FLAVOR; COMPONENTS; EXTRACTION; LINES; OIL AB Genetic engineering has been used to modify peanut cultivars for improving agronomic performance and pest resistance. Food products developed through genetic engineering have to be assessed for their safety before approval for human consumption. Preservation of desirable chemical, flavor and aroma attributes of the peanut cultivars during the genetic modifications is critical for acceptance of genetically modified peanuts (GMP) by the food industry. Hence, the main objective of this study is to examine chemical characteristics and volatile profile of GMP. The genetically modified peanut cultivars, 188, 540 and 654 were obtained from the USDA-ARS in Stillwater, Oklahoma. The peanut variety Okrun was examined as a control. The volatile analysis was performed using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) equipped with an olfactory detector. The peanut samples were also analyzed for their moisture, ash, protein, sugar and oil compositions. Experimental results showed that the variations in nutritional composition of peanut lines examined in this study were within the values reported for existing cultivars. There were minor differences in volatile profile among the samples. The implication of this study is significant, since it shows that peanut cultivars with greater pest and fungal resistance were successfully developed without major changes in their chemical characteristics. C1 [Ng, Ee Chin; Dunford, Nurhan T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Ng, Ee Chin; Dunford, Nurhan T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Robert M Kerr Food & Agr Prod Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Chenault, Kelly] ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Dunford, NT (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, FAPC Room 103, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM Nurhan.Dunford@okstate.edu NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOC BIOSCIENCE BIOENGINEERING JAPAN PI OSAKA PA OSAKA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, 2-1 YAMADAOKA, SUITA, OSAKA, 565-0871, JAPAN SN 1389-1723 J9 J BIOSCI BIOENG JI J. Biosci. Bioeng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 106 IS 4 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.1263/jbb.106.350 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 385XA UT WOS:000261845700005 PM 19000610 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Brown, RL Cleveland, TE AF Chen, Zhi-Yuan Brown, Robert L. Cleveland, Thomas E. TI Identifying genes/proteins to enhance crop resistance to fungal pathogens through proteomics and RNAI gene silencing SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, Zhi-Yuan] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brown, Robert L.; Cleveland, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. EM zchen@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 SU S MA IV1-O-005 BP S218 EP S219 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.461 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V32VT UT WOS:000208979401015 ER PT J AU Huang, YH AF Huang, Yinghua TI Genomics applications to plant defense research and crop pest management SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Huang, Yinghua] USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Huang, Yinghua] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM yinghua.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 SU S MA IV1-O-006 BP S219 EP S219 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.462 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V32VT UT WOS:000208979401016 ER PT J AU Khare, SK Kuo, TM Ramesh, NG AF Khare, Sunil K. Kuo, Tsung Min Ramesh, N. G. TI Synthesis of a novel fatty amide derivative of 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid by lipase-catalyzed amidation reaction SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Khare, Sunil K.; Ramesh, N. G.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, New Delhi 110016, India. [Kuo, Tsung Min] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Gen & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM skkhare@chemistry.iitd.ac.in; TsungMin.Kuo@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 SU S MA V3-P-042 BP S371 EP S371 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.854 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V32VT UT WOS:000208979401362 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB AF Krishnan, Hari B. TI Modification of soybean seed composition through biotechnology to enhance their value in animal feeds SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Hari.Krishnan@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 SU S MA IL-048 BP S215 EP S215 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.455 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V32VT UT WOS:000208979401008 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM Khare, SK Huang, JK AF Kuo, Tsung Min Khare, Sunil K. Huang, Jenq-Kuen TI Bioprocessing of fatty acids from renewable plant lipids to value-added products SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kuo, Tsung Min] USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Khare, Sunil K.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, New Delhi 110016, India. [Huang, Jenq-Kuen] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM TsungMin.Kuo@ars.usda.gov; skkhare@chemistry.iitd.ac.in; j-huang3@wiu.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 SU S MA V3-P-098 BP S391 EP S391 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.902 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V32VT UT WOS:000208979401410 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Moon, JW Song, MJ AF Liu, Zonglin Lewis Moon, Jaewoong Song, Mingzhou Joe TI Genomic mechanisms of inhibitor-detoxification for low-cost lignocellulosic bioethanol conversion SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, Zonglin Lewis] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Song, Mingzhou Joe] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ZLewis.Liu@ars.usda.gov OI Song, Mingzhou/0000-0002-6883-6547 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 SU S MA IV1-O-004 BP S218 EP S218 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.460 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V32VT UT WOS:000208979401014 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Saha, Badal C. Cotta, Michael A. TI Fuel ethanol production from agricultural residues: Current status and future prospects SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Saha, Badal C.; Cotta, Michael A.] USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 SU S MA IL-064 BP S285 EP S286 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.613 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V32VT UT WOS:000208979401160 ER PT J AU Yang, L Zhang, LP Wu, JP Liu, B Brown, MA Ma, BY Wang, L AF Yang, Lian Zhang, Liping Wu, Jianping Liu, Bin Brown, Michael A. Ma, Binyun Wang, Lei TI Characterization of metallothionein-III in the yak SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yang, Lian; Zhang, Liping; Wu, Jianping; Liu, Bin; Ma, Binyun; Wang, Lei] Gansu Agr Univ, Fac Anim Sci & Technol, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Liping; Wu, Jianping; Brown, Michael A.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM yangl@gsau.edu.cn NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 SU S MA IV1-P-020 BP S226 EP S226 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.478 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V32VT UT WOS:000208979401032 ER PT J AU Olson, DM Davis, RF Wackers, FL Rains, GC Potter, T AF Olson, D. M. Davis, R. F. Wackers, F. L. Rains, G. C. Potter, T. TI Plant-herbivore-carnivore Interactions in Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum: Linking Belowground and Aboveground SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum; Microplitis croceipes; Heliocoverpa zea; Meloidogyne incognita; Induced plant volatiles; Tissue terpenoids ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; HOST-PLANT; TERPENOID PHYTOALEXINS; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; MEDIATED INTERACTIONS; SYSTEMIC INDUCTION; INSECT HERBIVORES; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; DEFENSE AB Most studies on plant-herbivore interactions focus on either root or shoot herbivory in isolation, but above- and belowground herbivores may interact on a shared host plant. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) produces gossypol and a variety of other gossypol-like terpenoids that exhibit toxicity to a wide range of herbivores and pathogens. Cotton plants also can emit herbivore-induced volatile compounds at the site of damage and systemically on all tissues above the site of damage. As these volatile compounds attract natural enemy species of the herbivore, they are thought to represent an indirect plant defense. Our study quantified gossypol and gossypol-like compounds in cotton plants with foliage feeding (Heliocoverpa zea), root feeding (Meloidogyne incognita), or their combination. Cotton plants with these treatments were studied also with respect to induced local and systemic volatile production and the attraction of the parasitic wasp Microplitis croceipes to those plants. We also evaluated whether foliage or root feeding affected foliar nitrogen levels in cotton. After 48 hr of leaf feeding and 5 wk of root feeding, local and systemic induction of volatiles (known to attract parasitoids such as M. croceipes) occurred with herbivore damage to leaves, and it increased in levels when root herbivory was added. Nevertheless, M. croceipes were equally attracted to plants with both leaf and root damage and leaf damage only. In contrast to previous studies in cotton, production of gossypol and gossypol-like compounds was not induced in leaf and root tissue following foliage or root herbivory, or their combination. We conclude that root feeding by M. incognita has little influence on direct and indirect defenses of Gossypium hirsutum against insect herbivory. C1 [Olson, D. M.; Davis, R. F.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Wackers, F. L.] Univ Lancaster, LEC, Ctr Sustainable Agr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Rains, G. C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Olson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dawn.olson@ars.usda.go NR 47 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1341 EP 1348 DI 10.1007/s10886-008-9532-1 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 358IQ UT WOS:000259910800011 PM 18709506 ER PT J AU Kim, LM King, DJ Guzman, H Tesh, RB da Rosa, APAT Bueno, R Dennett, JA Afonso, CL AF Kim, L. Mia King, Daniel J. Guzman, Hilda Tesh, Robert B. da Rosa, Amelia P. A. Travassos Bueno, Rudy, Jr. Dennett, James A. Afonso, Claudio L. TI Biological and phylogenetic characterization of pigeon paramyxovirus serotype 1 circulating in wild North American pigeons and doves SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; ST-LOUIS-ENCEPHALITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DOMESTIC CHICKENS; TYPE-1 STRAINS; OUTBREAKS; PATHOGENICITY; BIRDS; PATHOGENESIS; EVOLUTION AB As part of West Nile virus surveillance programs in Rhode Island and eastern Texas between 2000 and 2007, brain tissue was collected from 5,608 dead birds representing 21 avian orders found in public places or reported by homeowners. Fifteen Newcastle disease virus isolates were recovered only from birds of the order Columbiformes and were positively identified by the USDA-validated real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay targeting the matrix gene and more specifically as pigeon paramyxovirus serotype 1 (PPMV-1) by hemagglutinin inhibition with monoclonal antibodies. Based upon partial genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the newly isolated viruses represent a distinct sublineage within class II genotype VIb. All of the viruses (15/15) were classified as virulent based upon their fusion cleavage site motif ((RRKKRF117)-R-112) and intracerebral pathogenicity indices of > 0.7 (ranging from 0.98 to1.35); however, these viruses escaped detection by the fusion gene-based real-time PCR test for virulence. Modifications introduced to the probe site of the fusion gene-based assay allowed rapid virulence detection within this distinct sublineage. C1 [Kim, L. Mia; King, Daniel J.; Afonso, Claudio L.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Guzman, Hilda; Tesh, Robert B.; da Rosa, Amelia P. A. Travassos] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX USA. [Bueno, Rudy, Jr.; Dennett, James A.] Harris Cty Publ Hlth & Environm Serv, Mosquito Control Div, Houston, TX USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Claudio.Afonso@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS [6612-32000-049-00D]; NIH [NO1-AI-25489, NO1-AI30027] FX This work was funded by USDA CRIS project 6612-32000-049-00D and NIH contracts NO1-AI-25489 and NO1-AI30027 to R. B. T. NR 40 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 46 IS 10 BP 3303 EP 3310 DI 10.1128/JCM.00644-08 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 356DM UT WOS:000259758900018 PM 18716227 ER PT J AU Bishop, JA Chase, N Lee, R Kurtzman, CP Merz, WG AF Bishop, Justin A. Chase, Nancy Lee, Richard Kurtzman, Cletus P. Merz, William G. TI Production of white colonies on CHROMagar Candida medium by members of the Candida glabrata clade and other species with overlapping phenotypic traits SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESUMPTIVE IDENTIFICATION; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; SP-NOV.; ALBICANS; YEASTS AB We hypothesized that species of the Candida glabrata clade and species with phenotypic traits that overlap those of C. glabrata would produce white colonies on CHROMagar Candida medium. Of 154 isolates (seven species) tested, C. bracarensis, C. nivariensis, C. norvegensis, C. glabrata, and C. inconspicua produced white colonies; the Pichia fermentans group and C. krusei did not. Many of these species are difficult to identify phenotypically; white colonies may signal the need for the use of molecular approaches. C1 [Bishop, Justin A.; Chase, Nancy; Lee, Richard; Merz, William G.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21112 USA. [Kurtzman, Cletus P.] USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Merz, WG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Meyer B1-193,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21112 USA. EM wmerz@jhmi.edu NR 11 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 46 IS 10 BP 3498 EP 3500 DI 10.1128/JCM.00982-08 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 356DM UT WOS:000259758900053 PM 18685009 ER PT J AU Wiggans, GR Tsuruta, S Misztal, I AF Wiggans, G. R. Tsuruta, S. Misztal, I. TI Technical Note: Adaptation of an animal-model method for approximation of reliabilities to a sire-maternal grandsire model SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE reliability; sire-maternal grandsire model ID CATTLE AB A method used to approximate reliabilities for animal models was modified to estimate reliabilities for sire-maternal grandsire (MGS) models. Accuracy of the approximation was tested on a calving-ease data set for 2,968 bulls for which the inverse of the coefficient matrix could be obtained. Correlations between estimated and true reliabilities ranged from 0.984 to 0.998 for first-and later-parity calving ease for sire and MGS effects. With no modification of the animal-model procedure, MGS identification was treated as if it were dam identification, which resulted in overestimated reliability. When pedigree information was ignored, reliability was underestimated. Correlations with true values were lower for both of those cases when compared with correct processing of MGS information. The modification provided a slight improvement over assuming MGS to be unknown and will be used for routine USDA evaluation of calving traits. C1 [Wiggans, G. R.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tsuruta, S.; Misztal, I.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Wiggans@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 91 IS 10 BP 4058 EP 4061 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0955 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 355IW UT WOS:000259703600040 PM 18832233 ER PT J AU Liu, YB Daane, KM Tebbets, JS Bettiga, LJ AF Liu, Yong-Biao Daane, Kent M. Tebbets, J. Steve Bettiga, Larry J. TI Ultralow oxygen treatment for control of Latrodectus hesperus (Araneae : Theridiidae) on harvested table grapes SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black widow spider; table grape; postharvest pest control; controlled atmosphere; ultralow oxygen ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; POSTHARVEST CONTROL; ICEBERG LETTUCE; MORTALITY; SPIDER AB The spider Latrodectus hesperus Chamberlin & Ivie (Araneae: Theridiidae) was subjected to low and ultralow oxygen (ULO) treatments at different temperatures. Complete control of the spiders was achieved in 24-h ULO treatments with 0.5% O(2) or lower at 1 degrees C and in a 24-h low oxygen (2%) treatment at 15 degrees C. Oxygen level and temperature greatly affected spider mortality. At 1 degrees C, as oxygen level was decreased from 2 to 0.5%, spider mortality increased from 0 to 100%. At 2% O(2), as temperature was increased from 1 to 15 degrees C, spider mortality increased from 0 to 100%. Grape clusters from two table grape (Vitis spp.) cultivars, `Thompson Seedless' and `Flame Seedless', were subjected to the 24-h ULO treatment with 0.5% O(2) at 1 degrees C. The ULO treatment had no negative effects on grape quality. Because of the relatively short treatment time, effectiveness at low storage temperature and the easily attained oxygen level, we conclude that the ULO treatment have good potential to be implemented commercially for control of black widow spiders on harvested table grapes. C1 [Liu, Yong-Biao] ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Daane, Kent M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tebbets, J. Steve] ARS, USDA, Commod Protect & Qual Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Bettiga, Larry J.] Univ Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. RP Liu, YB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM yongbiao.liu@ars.usda.gov FU California Table Grape Research Commission FX We thank K. Duun and J. Wasson for technical assistance. We also thank Drs. P. A. Follett, A. Li, and J. D. McCreight for reviewing an earlier version of the paper. This study was supported in part by funding from California Table Grape Research Commission. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1515 EP 1518 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1515:UOTFCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 356OO UT WOS:000259787700001 PM 18950031 ER PT J AU Arthurs, SP Lacey, LA de la Rosa, F AF Arthurs, Steven P. Lacey, Lawrence A. de la Rosa, Francisco TI Evaluation of a granulovirus (PoGV) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstaki for control of the potato tuberworm (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) in stored tubers SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biopesticide; baculovirus; PoGV; Solanum tuberosum; pesticide residue ID PHTHORIMAEA-OPERCULELLA ZELLER; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; MUSCODOR-ALBUS; MANAGEMENT; TEMPERATURE; TUNISIA; FUNGUS AB Liquid suspensions and dry formulations of a granulovirus (family Baculoviridae, genus PoGV) derived from infected larvae and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Berliner) (Btk) were evaluated for control of the potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea opereulella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in stored tubers. Laboratory bioassays at 25 C showed that both PoGV and a wettable powder (WP) formulation of Btk incorporated with carriers (water, talc, sand, diatomaceous earth, and kaolin clay), were effective against neonate larvae. Depending on the technique, 100% larval mortality was achieved at concentrations as low as 0.025 larval equivalents (LE) PoGV per kg tuber and 150 mg Btk WP per kg tuber. However, 100% mortality was never achieved with tests on preinfested tubers, ostensibly due to the higher dosage required to kill older instars inside tubers. The most effective PoGV formulations were dipping (water) and talc, with dipping most effective for postinfestation treatments, causing up to 91.6% mortality at 0.4 LE per kg. There was no significant effect of formulation in the Btk treatments. The protective effects of residues were also evaluated under longer-term storage conditions. Batches of tubers treated with PoGV or Btk via dipping (up to 0.1 LE and 150 mg WP per kg tuber) were stored in cages containing ail initial potato tuberworm infestation (10% of tubers). Although potato tuberworm populations were reduced by up to 98.4% after 2 No at 25 C, no treatments prevented the development and reproduction of the F1 generation. The sprouting of stored tubers seemed to be a limiting factor for sustained control. No significant treatment effects were detected in similar cages held at 12 C for 4.5 mo. Improved strategies for the application of PoGV and Btk for long-term potato tuberworm control ill tuber stores, including the use of chemical sprout suppressants, are discussed. C1 [Lacey, Lawrence A.; de la Rosa, Francisco] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Arthurs, Steven P.] UF IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM lerry.lacey@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Potato Commission; USDA-National Potato Council; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration FX We thank Heather Headrick, Dana Jones, and Belinda Bray Bishop for technical assistance and our cooperators Andrew Jensen at the Washington State Potato Commission and Jurgen Kroschel, Marc Sporleder, and Birgit Schaub at the International Potato Center. Rob Fritts, Jr. (Advan LLC) kindly supplied materials for our studies. Don Hostetter and Dave Horton provided helpful manuscript reviews. Financial support was provided by the Washington State Potato Commission, the USDA-National Potato Council and Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1540 EP 1546 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1540:EOAGPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 356OO UT WOS:000259787700005 PM 18950035 ER PT J AU Olmer, KJ Hibbard, BE AF Olmer, Kurt J. Hibbard, Bruce E. TI The nutritive value of dying maize and Setaria faberi roots for western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) development SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; nutritional ecology; plant-insect interactions ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; RESISTANT TRANSGENIC CORN; HOST RANGE; LARVAE; EMERGENCE; DAMAGE; GLYPHOSATE; PHENOLOGY; GRASSES; PLANTS AB The timing that dying root tissues of Setaria faberi. R.A.W. Herrm. and maize, Zea nays L., no longer support growth and development of neonate and second-instar western corn rootwortn, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), larvae was evaluated to enhance our understanding of the basic ecology of this pest. Three separate greenhouse experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, glyphosate was used to kill S. faberi. In the second experiment, glyphosate was used to kill maize, and in the final experiment, maize was killed by severing it below the growing point. These experiments evaluated western corn rootworm larvae for survival and growth parameters among living control plants, plants severed or sprayed on the day they were infested, plants severed or sprayed 5 and 10 d before they were infested, and plants planted 5 and 10 d early and severed or sprayed 5 and 10 d before they were infested (the last two treatments were controls for root size). Larvae were sampled from each of these treatments 5, 10, and 15 d after infestation, and beetle emergence was recorded from the remaining pots. When infested on the day of glyphosate spray, significantly fewer larvae were recovered from S. faberi than from living S. faberi. Overall, when infested 5 or 10 d after being sprayed with glyphosate or being severed below the growing point, no significant larval weight gain was recorded from any treatment. Host plant tissue apparently becomes unsuitable for larval growth within the first 5 d after glyphosate spray and severing below the growing point. The implications of these data toward current work involving alternate grassy hosts sprayed with herbicide, the increasing occurrence of volunteer corn, related studies on rootworm-host interactions, and certain adult emergence techniques are discussed along with possible mechanisms as to why the tissue becomes unsuitable so quickly. C1 [Olmer, Kurt J.; Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, 1-31 Agr Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hibbardb@missouri.edu FU USDA-CSREES-NRI [2002-35316-12282]; Division of Plant Science, University of Missouri FX We acknowledge the assistance of Matt Higdon (USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO), Lisa Meilils (University of Missouri, Columbia, MO), and Rebecca Bukowsky (USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO) for technical assistance on various aspects of this work and for comments on an earlier draft. We thank Elisa Bernklau (USDA-ARS), Joachim Moeser (Georg-August-University, Goettingen Germany), and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was funded, in part USDA-CSREES-NRI award 2002-35316-12282, and, in part, by the Division of Plant Science, University of Missouri. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1547 EP 1556 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1547:TNVODM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 356OO UT WOS:000259787700006 PM 18950036 ER PT J AU Gore, J Adamczyk, JJ Catchot, A Jackson, R AF Gore, J. Adamczyk, J. J., Jr. Catchot, A. Jackson, R. TI Yield response of dual-toxin Bt cotton to Helicoverpa zea infestations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bollgard II; Widestrike; bollworm; integrated pest management; Helicoverpa ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; CRY1AC; ENDOTOXIN; SURVIVAL; ARMYWORM; BOLLGARD; PROTEINS AB Field cage experiments were conducted to determine the impact of bollworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), on yields of Bollgard II and Widestrike cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. L. One-day-old bollworm larvae were infested in white flowers of Bollgard II and in white flowers and terminals of Widestrike cotton. The infestation levels included 0, 50, and 100% of white flowers for each type of cotton. Terminal infestations included one or two larvae per terminal on Widestrike cotton. Larvae were placed in flowers of Bollgard II cotton each day for 1 to 4 wk during the first 4 wk of flowering during 2003, 2004, and 2005 seasons and in the flowers or terminals of Widestrike cotton each day for 1 to 3 wk. Averaged across years and durations of infestation, yields of Bollgard II cotton were significantly reduced compared with noninfested Bollgard II cotton when 100% of white flowers were infested. For Widestrike cotton, there was a reduction in yield when 100% of white flowers were infested in 2005, but not in 2006. There was a significant relationship for cumulative numbers of white flowers infested on seedcotton yield of Bollgard II during one of the 3 yr of the experiment. The regression equation during that year had a slope of -0.77. No significant relationships were observed for cumulative numbers of white flowers infested on yields of Widestrike cotton. Results of the current experiment suggest bollworms will rarely cause yield losses of Bollgard II and Widestrike cotton. Future research will need to focus on developing specific thresholds for bollworms on Bollgard II and Widestrike cotton. C1 [Gore, J.] Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Adamczyk, J. J., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Catchot, A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Jackson, R.] ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Gore, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, 82 Stoneville Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jgore@drec.msstate.edu NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1594 EP 1599 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1594:YRODBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 356OO UT WOS:000259787700011 PM 18950041 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Robinson, JRC AF Showler, A. T. Robinson, J. R. C. TI Cotton harvest at 40% versus 75% boll-splitting on yield and economic return under standard and proactive boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) spray regimes SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; Gossypium hirsutum; harvest; insecticide; proactive ID SEASON; FRUIT AB The standard practice of two or three preemptive insecticide applications at the start of pinhead (1-2-mm-diameter) squaring followed by threshold-triggered (when 10% of randomly selected squares have oviposition punctures) insecticide applications for boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), control does not provide reliable protection of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. L., lint production. This study, conducted during 2004 and 2005, showed that three to six fewer spray applications in a "proactive" approach, in which spraying began at the start of large (5.5-8-mm-diameter) square formation and continued at approximate to 7-d intervals while large squares were abundant, resulted in fewer infested squares and 1.4- to 1.7-fold more lint than the standard treatment. Fewer sprays and increased yield made proactive spraying significantly more profitable than the standard approach, which resulted in relatively low or negative economic returns. Harvest at 75% boll-split in the proactive spray regime of 2005 resulted in four-fold greater economic return than cotton harvested at 40% boll-split because of improved protection of large squares and the elimination of late-season sprays inherent to standard spray regime despite the cost of an extra irrigation in the 75% boll-split treatments. The earlier, 40% harvest trigger does not avoid high late-season boll weevil pressure, which exerts less impact on bolls, the predominant form of fruiting body at that time, than on squares. Proactive spraying and harvest timing are based on an important relationship between nutrition, boll weevil reproduction, and economic inputs; therefore, the tactic of combining proaction with harvest at 75% boll-split is applicable where boll weevils are problematic regardless of climate or region, or whether an eradication program is ongoing. C1 [Showler, A. T.] ARS, USDA, IFNRRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Robinson, J. R. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, IFNRRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1600 EP 1605 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1600:CHAVBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 356OO UT WOS:000259787700012 PM 18950042 ER PT J AU Carroll, MW Glaser, JA Hellmich, RL Hunt, TE Sappington, TW Calvin, D Copenhaver, K Fridgen, J AF Carroll, Matthew W. Glaser, John A. Hellmich, Richard L. Hunt, Thomas E. Sappington, Thomas W. Calvin, Dennis Copenhaver, Ken Fridgen, John TI Use of spectral vegetation indices derived from airborne hyperspectral imagery for detection of European corn borer infestation in Iowa corn plots SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bt corn; remote sensing; Ostrinia nubilalis; European corn borer; resistance ID CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; PLANT STRESS; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; WATER-CONTENT; REFLECTANCE; LEAF; NITROGEN; CANOPY; LEAVES; WHEAT AB Eleven spectral vegetation indices that emphasize foliar plant pigments were calculated using airborne hyperspectral imagery and evaluated in 2004 and 2005 for their ability to detect experimental plots of corn manually inoculated with Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) neonate larvae. Manual inoculations were timed to simulate infestation of corn, Zea mays L., by first and second flights of adult O. nubilalis. The ability of spectral vegetation indices to detect O. nubilalis-inoculated plots improved as the growing season progressed, with multiple spectral vegetation indices able to identify infested plots in late August and early September. Our findings also indicate that for detecting O. nubilalis-related plant stress in corn, spectral vegetation indices targeting carotenoid and anthocyanin pigments are not as effective as those targeting chlorophyll. Analysis of image data suggests that feeding and stem boring by O. nubilalis larvae may increase the rate of plant senescence causing detectable differences in plant biomass and vigor when compared with control plots. Further, we identified an approximate time frame of 5-6 wk postinoculation, when spectral differences of manually inoculated "second" generation O. nubilalis plots seem to peak. C1 [Carroll, Matthew W.; Glaser, John A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab 102, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hunt, Thomas E.] Haskell Agr Lab, Concord, NE 68728 USA. [Calvin, Dennis] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Copenhaver, Ken; Fridgen, John] Inst Technol Dev, Savoy, IL 61874 USA. RP Carroll, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM carroll.matthew@epa.gov NR 62 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1614 EP 1623 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1614:UOSVID]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 356OO UT WOS:000259787700014 PM 18950044 ER PT J AU Higbee, BS Burks, CS AF Higbee, Bradley S. Burks, Charles S. TI Effects of mating disruption treatments on navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) sexual communication and damage in almonds and pistachios SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mating disruption; almonds; pistachios; Amyelois transitella ID PHEROMONE COMMUNICATION; AMYELOIS-TRANSITELLA; MOTHS LEPIDOPTERA; DISPENSERS; HARVEST AB Two experiments in 2003 examined the effects of different ways of dispensing the principal sex pheromone component on sexual communication among and crop damage by the navel orange-worm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Nonpareil almonds and pistachios. A third experiment in 2004 compared the effect on navel orangeworm damage to several almond varieties using one of these dispensing systems by itself or with phosmet, phosmet alone, and an untreated control. Additional data are presented estimating release rates from timed aerosol release devices (PuffersNOW, Suterra LLC, Bend, OR) and hand-applied membrane dispensers. In 2003, puffers placed peripherally around 16-ha blocks, evenly spaced Puffers, and hand-applied dispensers reduced males captured in virgin-baited traps by >= 95% and mating in sentinel females by >= 69%, with evenly placed Puffers showing greater reduction of males captured and females mated compared with the other dispensing systems. Mating disruption with gridded Puffers or hand-applied devices in almonds resulted in an approximate to 37% reduction of navel orangeworm damage (not significant), whereas peripheral Puffers resulted in a 16% reduction of navel orangeworm damage to almonds. In pistachios neither peripheral nor gridded Puffers reduced navel orangeworm damage, whereas insecticide reduced damage by 56%. In 2004, Puffers alone, insecticide alone, and both in combination significantly reduced navel orangeworm damage in Nonpareil almonds. In other, later harvested varieties, the insecticide treatments reduced damage, whereas the mating disruption treatment alone did not. We discuss application of these findings to management of navel orangeworm in these two crops. C1 [Higbee, Bradley S.; Burks, Charles S.] Paramount Farming Co, Bakersfield, CA 93308 USA. RP Burks, CS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM charles.burks@ars.usda.gov OI Burks, Charles/0000-0003-0242-8644 FU Almond Board of California; California Pistachio Commission; Suterra LLC FX We thank David Brandl and Tom Larsen for assistance with key aspects of this work; Amanda Bulls, Michael Bryant, Jennifer Estrada, Reuben Larrios, Jose Madrigal, Mafia Madrigal, and Lori Smith for technical support; and Ring Carde, Larry Gut, Orkun Kovanci, L.P.S. Kuenen, Brendon Reardon, David Williams, and Frank Zalom for reviewing previous versions of this manuscript. The Almond Board of California and the California Pistachio Commission provided partial funding, Suterra LLC provided mating disruption dispensers, and Paramount Fanning provided orchards for experiments. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1633 EP 1642 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1633:EOMDTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 356OO UT WOS:000259787700016 PM 18950046 ER PT J AU Li, AY Miller, JA Klavons, JA AF Li, Andrew Y. Miller, J. Allen Klavons, Jerome A. TI Release of piperonyl butoxide and permethrin from synergized ear tags on cattle and effects on horn fly mortality SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insecticidal ear tags; release; permethrin; piperonyl butoxide; resistance ID GULF COAST TICK; RESISTANCE; DIPTERA; FLIES; INSECTICIDES; PREVENTION; SCREWWORM; MUSCIDAE; IXODIDAE; DEVICES AB A study was conducted to determine the release rates of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and permethrin from synergized insecticidal cattle ear tags and their effects on mortality of the horn fly, Hematobia irritans irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). PBO was released. from the ear tags at a higher rate than permethrin in both winter and summer trials. The cumulative release of PBO and permethrin from the ear tags at the end of 18 wk in the winter trial was 50.4 and 30.3%, respectively. The cumulative release of PBO and permethrin from the ear tags at the end of 18 wk in the summer trial was 66.7 and 44.7%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the cumulative daily high ambient temperature (degrees C) and the cumulative release of both PBO and permethrin. Compared with the susceptible horn fly strain, the permethrin-resistant strain demonstrated 7.9- and 12.8-fold resistance to permethrin at the levels of LC(50) and LC(90), respectively. When exposed to filter paper wipes taken from the shoulders of cattle treated with the PBO-synergized permethrin tags from the summer trial, the resistant strain demonstrated reduced mortality compared with the susceptible strain. The mortality of the resistant strain at 2- and 3-h exposure exhibited a pattern of declining fly mortalities as a result of the decreased release of PBO and permethrin, as well as the decline in the ratio of PBO:permethrin released from the tags after 8 wk. A similar decline in horn fly mortalities was observed in the susceptible strain at 30-min exposure time that coincided with the pattern of reduced release of PBO and permethrin from the ear tags over the course of summer trial. C1 [Li, Andrew Y.; Miller, J. Allen; Klavons, Jerome A.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Li, AY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM andrew.li@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1697 EP 1703 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1697:ROPBAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 356OO UT WOS:000259787700024 PM 18950054 ER PT J AU Tillman, G AF Tillman, Glynn TI Laboratory Effects of Two Organically-Certified Insecticides on Trichopoda pennipes (Diptera: Tachinidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE azadirachtin; spinosad; residual toxicity; topical toxicity; oral toxicity ID AZADIRACHTA-INDICA; CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA; NEEM TREE; HETEROPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; PENTATOMIDAE; HEMIPTERA; COTTON; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PESTICIDES AB The objective of this laboratory study was to determine the effects of two organically-certified insecticides, azadirachtin and spinosad, on the stink bug parasitoid Trichopoda pennipes (F.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) in residual, topical, and oral toxicity tests. The insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was used as a conventional crop production standard for control of lepidopterous pests. Azadirachtin was the only insecticide in which T. pennipes adults survived after exposure to dried residues, topical applications, and insecticide-treated food. Spinosad was as highly toxic to this parasitoid as lambda-cyhalothrin in all 3 tests even though spinosad was slower acting than lambda-cyhalothrin. These results suggest that azadirachtin would probably be safer to T pennipes adults than spinosad in organically-grown crops. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Glynn.Tillman@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 408 EP 417 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 390YL UT WOS:000262199500006 ER PT J AU Pfannenstiel, RS AF Pfannenstiel, R. S. TI Development of the Cursorial Spider, Cheiracanthium inclusum (Araneae: Miturgidae), on Eggs of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spider development; egg predation ID PREDATORS; DIETS; SURVIVAL; BIOLOGY AB Development of the cursorial spider, Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) (Araneae: Miturgidae), from emergence to maturity on a diet of eggs of the lepidopteran pest Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was characterized. Cheiracanthium inclusum developed to adulthood with no mortality while feeding on a diet solely of H. zea eggs and water. The number of instars to adulthood varied from 4-5 for males and from 4-6 for females, although most males (84.6%) and females (66.7%) required 5 instars. Males and females took a similar time to become adults (54.2 +/- 4.0 and 53.9 +/- 2.0 days, respectively). Egg consumption was similar between males and females for the first 4 instars, but differed for the 5(th) instar and for the total number of eggs consumed to reach adulthood (651.0 +/- 40.3 and 866.5 +/- 51.4 eggs for males and females, respectively). Individual consumption rates suggest the potential for high impact of C. inclusum individuals on pest populations. Development was faster and survival greater than in previous studies of C. inclusum development. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Pfannenstiel, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM Bob.Pfannenstiel@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 418 EP 422 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 390YL UT WOS:000262199500007 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Klun, JA Kramer, M AF Carroll, J. F. Klun, J. A. Kramer, M. TI Similarity in Responses of Laboratory-Reared and Field-Collected Lone Star Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs to Repellents SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; nymphs; behavioral bioassays; dose response C1 [Carroll, J. F.; Klun, J. A.; Kramer, M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.carroll@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 426 EP 430 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 390YL UT WOS:000262199500009 ER PT J AU Suh, CPC AF Suh, Charles P. -C. TI Relative Collection Efficiency of the Keep-It-Simple-Sampler for Cotton Fleahoppers (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Cotton SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cotton fleahopper; Pseudatomoscelis seriatus; sampling; Keep-It-Simple-Sampler C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Suh, CPC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM suh@usda-apmru.tamu.edu FU Cotton Inc. [05-742] FX Appreciation is extended to Cotton Inc. for funding this project (Project No. 05-742). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purposes of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 431 EP 433 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 390YL UT WOS:000262199500010 ER PT J AU Esquivel, JF AF Esquivel, J. F. TI Observations and Implications of the Cotton Fleahopper (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Rapistrum rugosum (Capparales: Brassicaceae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cotton fleahopper; host; Rapistrum rugosum; turnipweed C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Esquivel, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM zeus@usda-apmru.tamu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 434 EP 437 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 390YL UT WOS:000262199500011 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT Rashid, T Chen, J AF Vogt, James T. Rashid, Tahir Chen, Jian TI New Distribution Record and Behavioral Observations for Pseudacteon curvatus (Diptera: Phoridae), a Parasitoid of Imported Fire Ants and Their Hybrid (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; phorid flies; imported fire ants C1 [Vogt, James T.; Rashid, Tahir; Chen, Jian] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jt.vogt@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 443 EP 446 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 390YL UT WOS:000262199500013 ER PT J AU Tillman, G AF Tillman, Glynn TI Observations of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Ovipositing and Feeding on Peanuts SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feeding; Nezara viridula; Euschistus servus C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Glynn.Tillman@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 447 EP 452 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 390YL UT WOS:000262199500014 ER PT J AU Ni, XZ Wilson, JP Rajewski, JA Buntin, GD Dweikat, IM AF Ni, Xinzhi Wilson, Jeffrey P. Rajewski, John A. Buntin, G. David Dweikat, Ismail M. TI Field Evaluation of Pearl Millet for Chinch Bug (Heteroptera: Blissidae) Resistance (vol 42, pg 467, 2007) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Correction DE insect numbers; stunting; necrosis; crop stand loss; chlorophyll content AB The chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (Say) (Heteroptera: Blissidae), is the most important insect pest of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.) production in the southeastern and central United States. Chinch bug feeding causes stunting and leaf sheath necrosis of the young seedlings and loss of crop stand in severe infestations. Sixteen germplasm entries (including hybrids and inbreds) of pearl millet were screened for chinch bug resistance on two planting dates. 'Dove' proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was interplanted in two-row strips among experimental plots to attract adult chinch bugs and establish initial chinch bug infestations. Use of a proso millet trap crop strip was effective in establishing chinch bug infestations for screening of pearl millet for chinch bug resistance in the field. Weekly samplings were begun when plants were at the 5-leaf stage. Significant differences in adult and nymph numbers, stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, crop stand loss, and chlorophyll content were recorded for the 16 pearl millet germplasm entries. Combining all injury evaluation parameters (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, percent tiller loss, and crop stand loss), we identified that 'TifGrain 102' had moderate level of chinch bug resistance. Entries 637 (i.e., 59668A x NM-5B), 639 (59668M x 9Rm/4Rm), 648 (i.e., 02GH973 x Tift 454), and 653 (i.e., NM-5A1 x NM-7R1R5) were the most resistant; whereas, entries 640 (i.e., Tift 99B), 641 (i.e., Tift 454), and 644 (i.e., 02F 289 - 1) were the most susceptible to chinch bug feeding. The study showed the combination of nondestructive visual ratings (i.e., stunting and necrosis ratings, tiller loss, and stand loss) and chlorophyll content could be used for evaluating chinch bug resistance in pearl millet. C1 [Ni, Xinzhi; Wilson, Jeffrey P.; Rajewski, John A.; Buntin, G. David; Dweikat, Ismail M.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ni, XZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 390YL UT WOS:000262199500015 ER PT J AU Morris, M Hanson, G Hassan, M AF Morris, Mark Hanson, Greg Hassan, Mohamed TI Improving the accuracy of breach modelling: why are we not progressing faster? SO JOURNAL OF FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Breach; breach formation; breach initiation; breach modelling; breach research; embankments; erodibility; moisture content; research AB Flood risk assessment and management often requires the prediction of potential breaching of a flood defence embankment or dam in order to either assess potential impacts or provide information to assist emergency planning, evacuation, repair strategies and improve alternative future design strategies. There are many different aspects of the overall breaching process, which are more, or less, relevant to the wide range of potential end users of such information. Consequently, the prediction of breach growth is an area where research has been undertaken for many decades in an attempt to provide more reliable models and predictions. However, despite many initiatives providing observations and recommendations as to processes observed and how research might progress, more detailed literature searches will often uncover conclusions and observations noted a decade or two or three earlier that are similar to those being made today. In particular, observations relating to material type, state (such as water content and compaction) and properties are relevant here. This prompts the obvious question as to why our ability to predict breach initiation and growth has not progressed further over this period. Why are so many studies identifying similar issues and, in effect, 'reinventing the wheel'? With a programme of research into breach initiation and growth under the EC FLOODsite Project and continued pressure to improve tools and techniques following events such as those seen at New Orleans in August 2005, this paper considers this question of apparent slow progress and offers some suggestions as to why this may have occurred and what direction might prove more effective in the future. C1 [Morris, Mark; Hassan, Mohamed] HR Wallingford Ltd, Wallingford OX10 8BA, Oxon, England. [Hanson, Greg] USDA ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Morris, M (reprint author), HR Wallingford Ltd, Howbery Pk, Wallingford OX10 8BA, Oxon, England. EM m.morris@hrwallingford.co.uk RI Morris, Mark/B-3868-2009 FU European Community [GOCE-CT-2004-505420] FX The work described in this publication was supported by the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme through the grant to the budget of the Integrated Project FLOODsite, Contract GOCE-CT-2004-505420. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1753-318X J9 J FLOOD RISK MANAG JI J. Flood Risk Manag. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 150 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1753-318X.2008.00017.x PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 674XS UT WOS:000283785100004 ER PT J AU Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ AF Sathivel, Subramaniam Bechtel, Peter J. TI A comparison of physical and rheologic properties of arrowtooth flounder protein made using three different extracting processes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; WHEY PROTEINS; SOLUBILITY; RECOVERY; POWDERS; MUSCLE; MODEL AB Soluble and insoluble fish protein powders were made from arrowtooth flounder (AF) fillets using three methods, which were heating and fractionation, enzymatic hydrolysis and alkali protein extraction. The AF powders were compared, and physical, chemical and rheologic properties were evaluated. The alkali protein extraction soluble (AES) (89.6%) and enzymatic hydrolysis soluble (EHS) (84.8%) powders had higher protein contents than other protein powders (72.6-77.8%). Both heating and fractionation soluble (HFS) and heating and fractionation insoluble powders were whiter than the other protein powders. HFS and EHS had the highest nitrogen solubility values, and EHS had the highest emulsion stability values. Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis indicated AES and alkali protein extraction insoluble protein powders had more high molecular weight protein bands, while EHS, enzymatic hydrolysis insoluble and HFS protein powders were substantially hydrolyzed and had an abundance of low molecular weight peptides. The flow and viscoelastic properties of the emulsions prepared with soluble AF were investigated using a parallel plate rheometer. The power law model was used to determine the flow behavior index (n) and consistency index (K). The emulsion containing AES had the highest K value (85.3 Pa.s) and the lowest value was for EHS (27.3 Pa.s). Soluble arrowtooth powders exhibited pseudoplastic behavior and viscoelastic characteristics. C1 [Sathivel, Subramaniam] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM sathivel@sfos.uaf.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8884 J9 J FOOD BIOCHEM JI J. Food Biochem. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 557 EP 575 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00184.x PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA 351IT UT WOS:000259418700001 ER PT J AU Van Kessel, JS Karns, JS Wolfgang, DR Hovingh, E Jayarao, BM Van Tassell, CP Schukken, YH AF Van Kessel, J. S. Karns, J. S. Wolfgang, D. R. Hovingh, E. Jayarao, B. M. Van Tassell, C. P. Schukken, Y. H. TI Environmental sampling to predict fecal prevalence of Salmonella in an intensively monitored dairy herd SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BULK TANK MILK; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CLINICAL SALMONELLOSIS; INFECTION; RESISTANT; CATTLE; FARMS; COWS; DIVERSITY AB Although dairy cattle are known reservoirs for salmonellae, cattle that are shedding this organism are often asymptomatic and difficult to identify. A dairy herd that was experiencing a sustained, subclinical outbreak of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Cerro was monitored for 2 years. Fecal samples from the lactating cows were collected every 6 to 8 weeks and tested for the presence of Salmonella. Fecal prevalence of Salmonella fluctuated throughout the observation period and ranged from 8 to 88%. Manure composites and water trough samples were collected along with the fecal samples, and bulk milk and milk filters were cultured for the presence of Salmonella on a weekly basis. Over 90% of the manure composites-representing high-animal-traffic areas-were positive at each sampling. Salmonella was detected in 11% of milk samples and in 66% of the milk filters. Results of weekly bulk milk quality testing (i.e., bulk tank somatic cell score, standard plate count, preliminary incubation count) were typically well within acceptable ranges. Milk quality variables had low correlations with herd Salmonella fecal prevalence. When observed over time, sampling period average prevalence of Salmonella in milk filters closely paralleled fecal prevalence of Salmonella in the herd. Based on results of this study, milk filters appear to be an effective method for monitoring shedding prevalence at the herd level. In-line filter testing is also a more sensitive measure of Salmonella, and perhaps other pathogens, in raw milk than testing the milk alone. C1 [Van Kessel, J. S.; Karns, J. S.] ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Van Tassell, C. P.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wolfgang, D. R.; Hovingh, E.; Jayarao, B. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schukken, Y. H.] Cornell Univ, Qual Milk Prod Serv, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Van Kessel, JS (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joann.vankessel@ars.usda.gov RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008; OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1967 EP 1973 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 357HR UT WOS:000259837400002 PM 18939739 ER PT J AU Crippen, TL Sheffield, CL Andrews, K Dowd, SE Bongaerts, RJ Nisbet, DJ AF Crippen, Tawni L. Sheffield, Cynthia L. Andrews, Kathleen Dowd, Scot E. Bongaerts, Roy J. Nisbet, David J. TI Planktonic and biofilm community characterization and Salmonella resistance of 14-day-old chicken cecal microflora-derived continuous-flow cultures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION CULTURES; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; IN-VITRO; TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; INTESTINAL FLORA; BROILER-CHICKENS; POULTRY; MICROORGANISMS AB This study evaluated the composition of gastrointestinal bacterial communities in birds during an age in which their susceptibility to Salmonella is highly diminished. One of the challenges to developing probiotics is to develop an efficacious culture of minimal diversity that includes bacteria that are vital contributors to protection from pathogens, but excludes unnecessary species. This study used in vitro continuous-flow culture techniques to test the ability of mixed bacterial cultures acquired from in vivo sources, to resist colonization by a marker Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and then characterized the constituents of both biofilm and planktonic communities by biochemical, phenotypic, and molecular methods. These cultures, initiated from 14-day-old chicks, were all able to restrict colonization by Salmonella in an average of 10 days. Eighteen species of bacteria from 10 different genera were characterized. However, each culture contained a mixture of only I I species, which included lactic acid bacteria. Biofilms contained less than 50% of the species found in the planktonic communities. Although not adults, the diversity of microbes within the cecal cultures from 14-day-old birds represents a community complex enough to oppose colonization by a nonindigenous bacteria in vitro. These results describe bacterial mixtures containing less diversity than in previously described avian protective cultures. C1 [Crippen, Tawni L.; Sheffield, Cynthia L.; Andrews, Kathleen; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Bongaerts, Roy J.] Inst Food Res, FIow Cytometry Lab, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. RP Crippen, TL (reprint author), ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM tc.crippen@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1981 EP 1987 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 357HR UT WOS:000259837400004 PM 18939741 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Jin, T Zhang, H AF Ukuku, Dike O. Jin, Tony Zhang, Howard TI Membrane Damage and Viability Loss of Escherichia coli K-12 and Salmonella Enteritidis in Liquid Egg by Thermal Death Time Disk Treatment SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-PRESSURE; MICROBIAL INACTIVATION; HEAT INACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; O157-H7; WHITE; MICROORGANISMS; SYSTEM AB Bacterial injury, including leakage of intracellular substance and viability loss, of Escherichia coli K-12 (ATCC 23716) and Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 13076) inoculated in liquid egg white and liquid whole egg was determined by thermal death time disk. E. coli K-12 and Salmonella Enteritidis were inoculated in liquid egg white and liquid whole egg to a final count of 7.8 log CFU/ml and were thermally treated with thermal death time disks at room temperature (23 degrees C), 54, 56, 58, and 60 degrees C from 0 to 240 s. Sublethal injury, leakage of intracellular substances, and viability loss of E. coli K-12 and Salmonella Enteritidis was investigated by plating 0.1 ml on selective trypticase soy agar containing 3% NaCl, 5% NaCl, sorbitol MacConky agar, and xylose lysine sodium tetradecyl sulfate and nonselective trypticase soy agar. No significant (P > 0.05) differences on percent injury or viability loss for E. coli K-12 and Salmonella populations were determined in all samples treated at 23 degrees C. Sublethal injury occurred in E. coli and Salmonella populations at 54 degrees C or above for 120 s. Viability losses for both bacteria averaged 5 log at 54 degrees C or above for 180 s, and the surviving populations were below detection (< 10 CFU/ ml). Thermal treatment at 40 degrees C and above led to membrane damage, leakage, and accumulation of intracellular ATP from 2 to 2.5 log fg/ml and UV-absorbing substances of 0.1 to 0.39 in the treated samples. These results indicate similar thermal injury/damage on both E. coli and Salmonella membranes as determined by the amount of inactivation, viability loss, and leakage of intracellular substances of bacteria. C1 [Ukuku, Dike O.; Jin, Tony; Zhang, Howard] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dike.ukuku@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1988 EP 1995 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 357HR UT WOS:000259837400005 PM 18939742 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Bullerman, LB Bianchini, A Hanna, MA Ryu, D AF Voss, Kenneth A. Bullerman, Lloyd B. Bianchini, Andreia Hanna, Milford A. Ryu, Dojin TI Reduced Toxicity of Fumonisin B-1 in Corn Grits by Single-Screw Extrusion SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; RATS; NEPHROTOXICITY; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; STABILITY; PRODUCTS; KIDNEY AB Corn grits spiked with 30 mu g/g fumonisin B-1 and two batches of grits fermented with Fusarium verticillioides (batch 1 contained 33 mu g/g, and batch 2 contained 48 mu g/g fumonisin B-1), which were extruded by a single-screw extruder with and without glucose (10%, dry weight basis) supplementation were fed to rats. Control groups were fed uncontaminated grits. Extrusion with glucose more effectively reduced fumonisin B-1 concentrations of the grits (75 to 85%) than did extrusion alone (10 to 28%). With one exception, the fumonisin B-1-spiked and fermented extrusion products caused moderately severe kidney lesions and reduced kidney weights, effects typically found in fumonisin-exposed rats. Lesions in rats fed the least contaminated grits (batch 1) after extrusion with 10% glucose were, however, significantly less severe and not accompanied by kidney weight changes. Therefore, extrusion with glucose supplementation is potentially useful for safely reducing the toxicity of fumonisins in corn-based products and studies to determine the optimal conditions for its use are warranted. C1 [Ryu, Dojin] Texas Womans Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Denton, TX 76204 USA. [Voss, Kenneth A.] USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Stn, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Bullerman, Lloyd B.; Bianchini, Andreia; Hanna, Milford A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Ryu, D (reprint author), Texas Womans Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, POB 425888, Denton, TX 76204 USA. EM dryu@twu.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35201-16329]; North Central Regional Project [NC-213] FX This study was supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant no. 2005-35201-16329, and the Anderson Research Grant Program of North Central Regional Project NC-213. The technical assistance of J. Showker, P. Stancel, N. Stewart, and E. Wray are gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 71 IS 10 BP 2036 EP 2041 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 357HR UT WOS:000259837400012 PM 18939749 ER PT J AU He, XH Lu, SX Cheng, LW Rasooly, R Carter, JM AF He, Xiaohua Lu, Sixin Cheng, Luisa W. Rasooly, Reuven Carter, John Mark TI Effect of Food Matrices on the Biological Activity of Ricin SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEINS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; A-CHAIN; CONTAMINATION; TOXIN; RNA AB A cell-free translation assay was applied for the quick detection of ricin in food samples. Three economically important foods-ground beef, low-fat milk, and liquid chicken egg-were tested. The results indicated that ground beef had very little matrix effect on the assay, whereas low-fat milk and liquid chicken egg showed clear interference on the protein translation. A simple dilution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) effectively eliminated the translational inhibition from these foods. The concentrations inhibiting 50% of luciferase translation derived from the current study were 0.01 nM for the pure ricin A chain, 0.02 nM for pure ricin, and 0.087 nM for crude ricin in PBS. In most cases, the half inhibitory concentration values for ricin in food matrices were significantly lower than for those in PBS buffer, suggesting that some components in these food matrices might potentiate the activity of ricin. Thermal stability tests indicated that the ficin A chain was the least stable among the three forms of ficin in all matrices measured. The thermal stability of pure and crude ricins varied depending on the matrices. The specific activities of ricin in PBS buffer were confirmed by a neutralization test with ricin-specific and nonspecific antibodies. This study demonstrates that the cell-free translation assay is a rapid and sensitive method for detection of biologically active ricin toxin in ground beef, low-fat milk, and liquid chicken egg and that food matrices can greatly affect the thermal stability of ricin. C1 [He, Xiaohua; Lu, Sixin; Cheng, Luisa W.; Rasooly, Reuven; Carter, John Mark] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP He, XH (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM xiaohua.he@ars.usda.gov RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 71 IS 10 BP 2053 EP 2058 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 357HR UT WOS:000259837400015 PM 18939752 ER PT J AU Schonbrucher, H Gobel, KA Abdulmawjood, A Richt, JA Bulte, M AF Schoenbruecher, Hower Goebel, Katrin Annette Abdulmawjood, Amir Richt, Jurgen A. Buelte, Miceiael TI Comparative Studies of a Real-Time PCR Method and Three Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for the Detection of Central Nervous System Tissues in Meat Products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; RISK MATERIAL; STANDARDIZATION; VALIDATION; MARKERS; CATTLE; BRAIN AB The removal of certain central nervous system (CNS) tissues (part of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy risk material) from the food chain is one of the highest priority tasks associated with avoiding contamination of the human food chain with the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. A recently developed real-time PCR assay and three commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of CNS tissues in minced meat and three types of heat-treated sausages were evaluated. Bovine brain was used for spiking of internal reference material, and its detectability was examined during storage times of 12 months (for frozen minced meat and liver sausage) and 24 months (for sausages treated with medium and high heat). The real-time PCR method and both ELISA kits detected 0.1% CNS tissue in frozen minced meat and 0.1 or 1% CNS tissue in heat-treated meat products. The delectability of the amplified mRNA target region with the PCR assay was similar to the detectability of antigen by the ELISAs. Because the real-time PCR method also can be used to distinguish cattle, ovine, and caprine CNS tissues from porcine CNS tissues, it seems to be suitable as a routine diagnostic test for the sensitive and specific detection of CNS tissues in meat and meat products. C1 [Schoenbruecher, Hower; Goebel, Katrin Annette; Abdulmawjood, Amir; Buelte, Miceiael] Univ Giessen, Fac Vet Med, Inst Vet Food Sci, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Schoenbruecher, Hower; Richt, Jurgen A.] USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Schonbrucher, H (reprint author), Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Abdulmawjood, Amir/C-6083-2015 OI Abdulmawjood, Amir/0000-0001-5189-8381 FU German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, National Animal Disease Center [CRIS 088] FX The authors thank K. Simon and C. Walter for excellent technical assistance and T Stueber for access to the LightCycler 2.0. Helpful discussion of the manuscript by T Casey and statistical analyses by K. Failing are gratefully acknowledged. This work was performed as part of the project AZ.: 01HS022/1 funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection and by CRIS 088 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, National Animal Disease Center. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 71 IS 10 BP 2059 EP 2066 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 357HR UT WOS:000259837400016 PM 18939753 ER PT J AU Pritt, B Trainer, T Simmons-Arnold, L Evans, M Dunams, D Rosenthal, BM AF Pritt, Bobbi Trainer, Thomas Simmons-Arnold, Linda Evans, Mark Dunams, Detiger Rosenthal, Benjamin M. TI Detection of Sarcocystis parasites in retail beef: A regional survey combining histological and genetic detection methods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 107th General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID HUMAN MUSCULAR SARCOCYST AB Sarcocystis spp. are parasitic protists acquired when undercooked, cyst-laden meat is consumed. While both Sarcocystis hominis and S. cruzi encyst in beef, only S. hominis is pathogenic to humans. In this study, we used histological methods and novel molecular techniques to determine the regional prevalence and identity of Sarcocystis spp. in retail beef. Of 110 samples, 60 supported amplification of parasite rRNA by PCR. All 41 sequenced representatives were identified as S. cruzi. To compare detection methods, 48 samples were then examined in parallel by histology and PCR, and 16 and 26 samples, respectively, were positive. Five samples positive by initial histologic sections were not amplified by PCR. Fifteen PCR-positive samples did not contain sarcocysts on initial histologic section, but additional sections from these samples revealed sarcocysts in an additional 12 samples. When combined, histology with additional sections and PCR detected 31 positive specimens of the 48 total specimens. We found no evidence of human pathogen S. hominis and confirm that cattle pathogen S. cruzi is highly prevalent in this regional sample. PCR assays may increase the detection sensitivity of Sarcocystis spp. and contribute diagnostic precision. C1 [Dunams, Detiger; Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pritt, Bobbi; Trainer, Thomas; Simmons-Arnold, Linda; Evans, Mark] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Pritt, B (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Div Clin Microbiol, 200 1st St SW,Hilton Bldg,4th Floor, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM pritt.bobbi@mayo.edu OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 71 IS 10 BP 2144 EP 2147 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 357HR UT WOS:000259837400032 PM 18939769 ER PT J AU Patindol, J Newton, J Wang, YJ AF Patindol, J. Newton, J. Wang, Y. -J. TI Functional Properties as Affected by Laboratory-Scale Parboiling of Rough Rice and Brown Rice SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE brown rice; milling; parboiling; rough rice; starch gelatinization ID MILLED RICE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PROCESSING CONDITIONS; AMYLOSE CONTENT; STARCH; GELATINIZATION; BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE AB Rough rice (RR) is the conventional feedstock for parboiling. The use of brown rice (BR) instead of RR is gaining interest because it results in shorter processing time and lower energy requirement. This study compared the functional properties of milled parboiled rice under different parboiling conditions from RR and BR. Presoaked RR and BR from cultivars Bolivar, Cheniere, Dixiebelle, and Wells were parboiled under mild (20 min, 100 degrees C, 0 kPa) and severe (20 min, 120 degrees C, 98 kPa) laboratory-scale conditions. Head rice yield improved on the RR and BR samples subjected to severe parboiling and was comparable to that of a commercially parboiled sample. Mild parboiling of BR resulted in lower head rice yields. Parboiling generally resulted in decreased head rice whiteness, decreased apparent amylose, increased total lipid, and sparingly changed protein content. Under the same parboiling conditions, the extent of starch gelatinization was higher for BR compared to RR as manifested by some distinct differences in pasting and thermal properties. The cooking characteristics (water uptake ratio, leached materials, and volumetric expansion) and cooked rice texture (hardness and stickiness) of RR and BR subjected to severe parboiling were fairly comparable. Differences in parboiled rice functional properties due to cultivar effect were evident. C1 [Patindol, J.; Newton, J.; Wang, Y. -J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Patindol, J.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM yiwang@uark.edu NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 73 IS 8 BP E370 EP E377 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00926.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 357UU UT WOS:000259873100013 PM 19019108 ER PT J AU Brody, AL Bugusu, B Han, JH Sand, CK Mchugh, TH AF Brody, Aaron L. Bugusu, Betty Han, Jung H. Sand, Claire Koelsch Mchugh, Tara H. TI Innovative food packaging solutions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE absorption; active food packaging; adsorption; electronic product code (EPC); food scalping; intelligent food packaging; migration; nanocomposites; nanosensors; nanotechnology; nanotubes; oxygen scavenger; permselectivity; radio frequency identification (RFID); time-temperature indicator (TTI); traceability; uniform product code (UPC) ID MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE; TECHNOLOGIES; MEAT; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PRODUCTS; FILMS AB The Institute of Food Technologists has issued this Scientific Status Summary to inform readers of recent innovations in food packaging materials. C1 [Brody, Aaron L.] Packaging Brody Inc, Duluth, MN USA. [Brody, Aaron L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bugusu, Betty] Inst Food Technologists, Washington, DC USA. [Han, Jung H.] Frito Lay Inc, Plano, TX USA. [Mchugh, Tara H.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Sand, Claire Koelsch] Ameripak, Stillwater, MN USA. [Sand, Claire Koelsch] Michigan State Univ, Lansing, MI USA. RP Brody, AL (reprint author), Packaging Brody Inc, Duluth, MN USA. EM ttarver@ift.org NR 59 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 17 U2 115 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 73 IS 8 BP R107 EP R116 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00933.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 357UU UT WOS:000259873100003 PM 19019124 ER PT J AU Zhuang, H Savage, EM AF Zhuang, H. Savage, E. M. TI Validation of a Combi Oven Cooking Method for Preparation of Chicken Breast Meat for Quality Assessment SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken breast; combi oven; commercial oven; sensory descriptive profile; water cooking ID SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS; TEXTURE PROFILE; DEBONING TIME; BROILER; POSTMORTEM AB Quality assessment results of cooked meat can be significantly affected by sample preparation with different cooking techniques. A combi oven is a relatively new cooking technique in the U. S. market. However, there was a lack of published data about its effect on quality measurements of chicken meat. Broiler breast fillets deboned at 24-h postmortem were cooked with one of the 3 methods to the core temperature of 80 degrees C. Cooking methods were evaluated based on cooking operation requirements, sensory profiles, Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear and cooking loss. Our results show that the average cooking time for the combi oven was 17 min compared with 31 min for the commercial oven method and 16 min for the hot water method. The combi oven did not result in a significant difference in the WB shear force values, although the cooking loss of the combi oven samples was significantly lower than the commercial oven and hot water samples. Sensory profiles of the combi oven samples did not significantly differ from those of the commercial oven and hot water samples. These results demonstrate that combi oven cooking did not significantly affect sensory profiles and WB shear force measurements of chicken breast muscle compared to the other 2 cooking methods. The combi oven method appears to be an acceptable alternative for preparing chicken breast fillets in a quality assessment. C1 [Zhuang, H.; Savage, E. M.] Agr Res Serv, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Zhuang, H (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM hong.zhuang@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 73 IS 8 BP S424 EP S430 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00931.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 357UU UT WOS:000259873100029 PM 19019131 ER PT J AU Kilgore, MA Snyder, S Taff, S Schertz, J AF Kilgore, Michael A. Snyder, Stephanie Taff, Steven Schertz, Joseph TI Family Forest Stewardship: Do Owners Need a Financial Incentive? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE stewardship; family forests; financial incentives; sustainable forestry; willingness to accept; certification; economics ID UNITED-STATES; CERTIFICATION; MINNESOTA; POLICY; LAND AB This study assessed family forest owner interest in formally committing to the types of land use and management practices that characterize good stewardship if compensated for doing so, using Minnesota's Sustainable Forest Incentives Act (SFIA) as a proxy measure of forest stewardship. The SFIA provides an annual payment in return for obtaining and using a forest management plan and adhering to Minnesota's timber harvesting and forest management guidelines, among other requirements. Results of a mail survey indicate the typical Minnesota family forest owner has relatively small acreage, owns the land for a long time, lives in a rural area, is an absentee owner, considers hunting the most important reason for forestland ownership, and is not an active forest manager but supplies timber to the marketplace. Analysis of the survey data using a logit model found landowner interest in enrolling in the SFIA program was significantly influenced by the SFIA payment amount, acres of forestland owned, intention to obtain a forest management plan, opposition to the program's covenant requirement, and familiarity with the program. The model also estimated considerable compensation is needed to secure substantial participation of family forest owners in the SFIA program-nearly $24/ac per year to enroll one-half of the owner's surveyed. Marketing efforts to increase the program visibility and extolling the virtues of a forest management plan should be part of a strategy to increase family forest owner participation in the SFIA program. C1 [Kilgore, Michael A.; Schertz, Joseph] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Snyder, Stephanie] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Taff, Steven] Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kilgore, MA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mkilgore@umn.edu; stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us; sjtaff@umn.edu; scher166@umn.edu NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2008 VL 106 IS 7 BP 357 EP 362 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 360YU UT WOS:000260095500004 ER PT J AU Gardiner, E Stanturf, J Leininger, T Hamel, P Dorris, L Portwood, J Shepard, J AF Gardiner, Emile Stanturf, John Leininger, Theodor Hamel, Paul Dorris, Lamar, Jr. Portwood, Jeffery Shepard, James TI Establishing a Research and Demonstration Area Initiated by Managers: The Sharkey Restoration Research and Demonstration Site SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE science delivery; forest restoration; afforestation; LMAV; bottomland hardwood ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FORESTS; REFORESTATION; AFFORESTATION AB As forest scientists increase their role in the process of science delivery, many research organizations a re searching for novel methods to effectively build collaboration with managers to produce valued results. This article documents our experience with establishment of a forest restoration research and demonstration area in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV), a region that has experienced extensive afforestation of former agricultural land over the post 15 years. Although basic establishment techniques for production plantations had been developed and applied on small areas, land managers locked critical knowledge to implement operational-scale afforestation practices that would accommodate multiple forest restoration objectives. In 1993, managers with the US Fish and Wildlife Service made a 1,700-ac agricultural trod available to scientists interested in partnering research and demonstrating various aspects of bottomland hardwood ecosystem restoration. Through collaborative efforts, resource managers and scientists have installed numerous experiments on the Sharkey Restoration Research and Demonstration Site to address relevant issues in afforestation and restoration of bottomland hardwood ecosystems. Development of this research and demonstration area has provided a science-based resource for educating landowners, foresters, wildlife managers, and the general public on afforestation techniques appropriate for restoration of bottomlond hardwood forests; has served as a platform for scientists and land managers to cooperate on the development of innovative approaches to forest restoration; and has provided a venue for education and debate among policymakers active in the LMAV. Early results showed the viability of low-cost techniques such as direct seeding oaks, as well as introducing the interplanting technique for rapid development of forest conditions. We recognize that the value of the research and demonstration site is attributed in part to site characteristics and experimental design, and expect continued work at the location to contribute to improved afforestation practices that will foster establishment of sustainable bottomland hardwood forests. C1 [Gardiner, Emile; Leininger, Theodor; Hamel, Paul] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Stanturf, John] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dorris, Lamar, Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hollandale, MS 38748 USA. [Portwood, Jeffery] Forester Real Estate Grp, Diboll, TX 75941 USA. [Shepard, James] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Gardiner, E (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM egardiner@fs.fed.us; jstanturf@fs.fed.us; tleininger@fs.fed.us; phamel@fs.fed.us; lamar_dorris@fws.gov; JeffPortwood@forestargroup.com; jshepard@cfr.msstate.edu RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2008 VL 106 IS 7 BP 363 EP 369 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 360YU UT WOS:000260095500005 ER PT J AU Slack, JM Lawrence, SD Krel, PJ Arif, BM AF Slack, Jeffrey M. Lawrence, Susan D. Krel, Peter J. Arif, Basil M. TI Trypsin cleavage of the baculovirus occlusion-derived virus attachment protein P74 is prerequisite in per os infection SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; ENVELOPE FUSION PROTEIN; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LARVAE; MEMBRANE-FUSION; IN-VIVO; ANTICARSIA-GEMMATALIS; PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; CYSTEINE PROTEASE AB Baculovirus occlusion-derived virions (ODVs) contain a number of infectivity factors essential for the initiation of infection in larval midgut cells. Deletion of any of these factors neutralizes infectivity by the per os route. We have observed that P74 of the group I alphabaculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is N-terminally cleaved when a soluble form of the protein was incubated with insect midgut tissues under alkaline conditions and that cleavage was prevented by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). Presently, biological assays were carried out that suggest SBTI inhibits and trypsin enhances baculovirus per os infectivity. We developed a method to rescue per os infectivity of a P74 null virus involving co-transfection of viral DNA with a plasmid that transiently expresses p74. We used this plasmid rescue method to functionally characterize P74. A series of site-directed mutants were generated at the N terminus to evaluate if trypsin cleavage sites were necessary for function. Mutagenesis of R195, R196 and R199 compromised per os infectivity and rendered P74 resistant to midgut trypsin. C1 [Slack, Jeffrey M.; Arif, Basil M.] Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Lawrence, Susan D.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Krel, Peter J.] Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Slack, JM (reprint author), Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM jslack@nrcan.gc.ca FU Canadian Biocontrol Network; Canadian Biotechnology Strategy Fund; United States Department of Agriculture FX The authors thank Dr Larry Gringerton for helpful discussions and Dr Guido Caputo (Great Lakes Forestry Centre) for providing cell lines and media. Portions of this work were funded by the Canadian Biocontrol Network, the Canadian Biotechnology Strategy Fund and the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 BP 2388 EP 2397 DI 10.1099/vir.0.2008/002543-0 PN 10 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 357EL UT WOS:000259829000003 PM 18796706 ER PT J AU Nejadhashemi, AP Shirmohammadi, A Montas, HJ Sheridan, JM Bosch, DD AF Nejadhashemi, Amir P. Shirmohammadi, Adel Montas, Hubert J. Sheridan, Joseph M. Bosch, David D. TI Watershed physical and hydrological effects on baseflow separation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GEORGIA COASTAL-PLAIN; CURVE NUMBERS; QUALITY MODEL; GREEN-AMPT; RUNOFF; GLEAMS; RECESSION; FLOW; SIMULATION; COMPONENTS AB There is a great interest in understanding groundwater-surface water interactions among hydrologists and water resources planners. One of the most challenging parts of this concept is the separation and quantification of baseflow from the streamflow hydrograph. Therefore, this study is widely devoted to defining and testing these dominant forces within a watershed and incorporating their impact on streamflow components. The study area is located in the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern United States where separately measured surface and subsurface flow data are available for a field scale watershed for 9 years (1970-1978). Sensitivity analysis was conducted with respect to the impact of different watershed characteristics on streamflow components and parameters of interest were identified. This study identified some of the key controls of streamflow partitioning by incorporating the most sensitive parameters in the streamflow partitioning approach using a regression equation based on watershed physical (e.g., land use, soils) and hydrologic characteristics (e.g. rainfall, soil moisture). Using new techniques are a step forward in understanding the streamflow partitioning process. C1 [Nejadhashemi, Amir P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Shirmohammadi, Adel; Montas, Hubert J.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sheridan, Joseph M.; Bosch, David D.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Nejadhashemi, AP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM pouyan@msu.edu RI Nejadhashemi, A Pouyan/G-3505-2012 NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 10 BP 971 EP 980 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:10(971) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 349CL UT WOS:000259256300006 ER PT J AU Liston, GE Birkenheuer, DL Hiemstra, CA Cline, DW Elder, K AF Liston, Glen E. Birkenheuer, Daniel L. Hiemstra, Christopher A. Cline, Donald W. Elder, Kelly TI NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Atmospheric Analyses Datasets SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM LAPS; LOCAL ANALYSIS AB This paper describes the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) and the 20-km horizontal grid version of the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC20) atmospheric analyses datasets, which are available as part of the Cold Land Processes Field Experiment (CLPX) data archive. The LAPS dataset contains spatially and temporally continuous atmospheric and surface variables over Colorado, Wyoming, and parts of the surrounding states. The analysis used a 10-km horizontal grid with 21 vertical levels and an hourly temporal resolution. The LAPS archive includes forty-six 1D surface fields and nine 3D upper-air fields, spanning the period 1 September 2001 through 31 August 2003. The RUC20 dataset includes hourly 3D atmospheric analyses over the contiguous United States and parts of southern Canada and northern Mexico, with 50 vertical levels. The RUC20 archive contains forty-six 1D surface fields and fourteen 3D upper-air fields, spanning the period 1 October 2002 through 31 September 2003. The datasets are archived at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado. C1 [Liston, Glen E.; Hiemstra, Christopher A.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Birkenheuer, Daniel L.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cline, Donald W.] NOAA Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Liston, GE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM liston@cira.colostate.edu RI Birkenheuer, Daniel/E-7378-2015 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise [NAG511710]; Terrestrial Hydrology Program; Earth Observing System Program; Airborne Science Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs; U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program; U. S. Army Basic Research Program; National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); Japan Science and Technology Corporation; National Assembly for Wales; Strategic Research Investment Fund; NOAA [NA17RJ1228] FX This work was funded through the cooperation of many agencies and organizations including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise, Terrestrial Hydrology Program, Earth Observing System Program, and Airborne Science Program; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs; the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program; the U. S. Army Basic Research Program; the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); the Japan Science and Technology Corporation; and the National Assembly for Wales, Strategic Research Investment Fund. A portion of this work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, which was under contract to NASA. More than 200 people participated in the planning and execution of CLPX 2002/03. Their efforts are very much appreciated. The authors would also like to thank Stan Benjamin, John McGinley, and Richard Lawford for their assistance in gaining access to the LAPS data archive. This work was supported by NOAA Contract NA17RJ1228 Amendment 6 and NASA Grant NAG511710. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 9 IS 5 BP 952 EP 956 DI 10.1175/2008JHM868.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 359UB UT WOS:000260012500008 ER PT J AU Liston, GE Hiemstra, CA Elder, K Cline, DW AF Liston, Glen E. Hiemstra, Christopher A. Elder, Kelly Cline, Donald W. TI Mesocell Study Area Snow Distributions for the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL GAMMA-RADIATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM LAPS; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; LOCAL ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; ARCTIC TUNDRA; ENERGY-BALANCE; COVER; MOISTURE; MODEL AB The Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) had a goal of describing snow-related features over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This required linking disparate snow tools and datasets into one coherent, integrated package. Simulating realistic high-resolution snow distributions and features requires a snow-evolution modeling system (SnowModel) that can distribute meteorological forcings, simulate snow-pack accumulation and ablation processes, and assimilate snow-related observations. A SnowModel was developed and used to simulate winter snow accumulation across three 30 km x 30 km domains, enveloping the CLPX mesocell study areas (MSAs) in Colorado. The three MSAs have distinct topography, vegetation, meteorological, and snow characteristics. Simulations were performed using a 30-m grid increment and spanned the snow accumulation season (1 October 2002-1 April 2003). Meteorological forcing was provided by 27 meteorological stations and 75 atmospheric analyses grid points, distributed using a meteorological model (MicroMet). The simulations included a data assimilation model (SnowAssim) that adjusted simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) toward ground-based and airborne SWE observations. The observations consisted of SWE over three 1 km x 1 km intensive study areas (ISAs) for each MSA and a collection of 117 airborne gamma observations, each integrating area 10 km long by 300 m wide. Simulated SWE distributions displayed considerably more spatial heterogeneity than the observations alone, and the simulated distribution patterns closely fit the current understanding of snow evolution processes and observed snow depths. This is the result of the MicroMet/SnowModel's relatively finescale representations of orographic precipitation, elevation-dependant snowmelt, wind redistribution, and snow-vegetation interactions. C1 [Liston, Glen E.; Hiemstra, Christopher A.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Cline, Donald W.] NOAA Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA. RP Liston, GE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM liston@cira.colostate.edu FU NASA [NAG5-11710, NNG04GP59G, NNG04HK191]; NOAA [NA17RJ1228] FX The authors thank Dan Birkenheuer for kindly providing the LAPS datasets. This work was supported by NASA Grants NAG5-11710, NNG04GP59G, and NNG04HK191, and NOAA Grant NA17RJ1228. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 9 IS 5 BP 957 EP 976 DI 10.1175/2008JHM869.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 359UB UT WOS:000260012500009 ER PT J AU Deems, JS Fassnacht, SR Elder, KJ AF Deems, Jeffrey S. Fassnacht, Steven R. Elder, Kelly J. TI Interannual Consistency in Fractal Snow Depth Patterns at Two Colorado Mountain Sites SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; CATCHMENTS; SNOWCOVER; COVER; COLD AB Fractal dimensions derived from log-log variograms are useful for characterizing spatial structure and scaling behavior in snow depth distributions. This study examines the temporal consistency of snow depth scaling features at two sites using snow depth distributions derived from lidar datasets collected in 2003 and 2005. The temporal snow accumulation patterns in these two years were substantially different, but both years represent nearly average 1 April accumulation depths for these sites, with consistent statistical distributions. Two distinct fractal regions are observed in each log-log variogram, separated by a scale break, which indicates a length scale at which a substantial change in the driving processes exists. The lag distance of the scale break is 15 m at the Walton Creek site and 40 m at the Alpine site. The datasets show consistent fractal dimensions and scale break distances between the two years, suggesting that the scaling features observed in spatial snow depth distributions are largely determined by physiography and vegetation characteristics and are relatively insensitive to annual variations in snowfall. Directional variograms also show consistent patterns between years, with smaller fractal dimensions aligned with the dominant wind direction at each site. C1 [Deems, Jeffrey S.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fassnacht, Steven R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Elder, Kelly J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Deems, JS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deems@u.washington.edu RI Fassnacht, Steven/A-7742-2014; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016 OI Fassnacht, Steven/0000-0002-5270-8049; Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670 FU NASA [NNG04GQ40H] FX This project was supported by NASA headquarters under Earth System Science Fellowship Grant NNG04GQ40H. The lidar and meteorological data were collected as a part of the NASA CLPX. Two anonymous reviews greatly improved this manuscript. NR 34 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 9 IS 5 BP 977 EP 988 DI 10.1175/2008JHM901.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 359UB UT WOS:000260012500010 ER PT J AU Kula, RR AF Kula, Robert R. TI Taxonomic Status and Location of Type Specimens for Species of Coelinidea Viereck and Sarops Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) Described by Garland T. Riegel SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REVISION; RECORDS AB The following species of Coelinidea Viereck and Sarops Nixon described by Garland T. Riegel are transferred to other genera resulting in 28 new combinations: Chorebus pallidus (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius acicula (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius acontia (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius alima, (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius alrutzae (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius arizona (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius arnella (Riegel), n. comb, Coelinius bakeri (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius baldufi (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius calcara (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius columbia (Riegel), n. comb, Coelinius crota (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius dubius (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius ellenaae (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius frisoni (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius garthi (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius hayesi (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius jeanae (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius marki (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius marylandicus (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius minnesota (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius montana (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius muesebecki (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius nellae (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius niobrara (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius robinae (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius ruthae (Riegel), n. comb., and Coelinius sommermanae (Riegel), n. comb. Coelinius ohioensis (Riegel, 1982), and Coelinius wheeleri (Riegel, 1982) are new synonys, and the former is designated the senior synonym because the holotype is a female. The holotypes of Coelinidea antha Riegel, Coelinidea arca Riegel, Coelinidea colora Riegel, and Coelinidea coma Riegel, reportedly deposited at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, apparently are lost. Therefore, all four names are considered nomina dubia since each species is known only from the holotype, and information Riegel provided in the original descriptions and key to North American species of Coelinidea is not adequate to apply the names unequivocally. The locations of primary and, where applicable, secondary types are indicated for all other species of Coelinidea and Sarops described by Riegel. Coelinius alima, C. marki, C. ohioensis, and C. robinae are first recorded from Quebec, Wyoming, Wisconsin, and Kansas and Missouri, respectively. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS PI WASHINGTON PA C/O SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560-0168 USA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 138 EP 156 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360UZ UT WOS:000260084800003 ER PT J AU Huber, JT Gibson, GAP Bauer, LS Liu, HP Gates, M AF Huber, John T. Gibson, Gary A. P. Bauer, Leah S. Liu, Houping Gates, Michael TI The Genus Mymaromella (Hymenoptera: Mymarommatidae) in North America, with a Key to Described Extant Species SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A key is given to the five described extant species of Mymaromella. Two new species, Mymaromella pala Huber & Gibson, sp. n. and M. palella Huber & Gibson, sp. n. (Mymarommatoidea: Mymarommatidae), are described as the first species of the family from North America. Psocoptera (Insecta) are proposed as the probable hosts of Mymarommatidae, based on circumstantial evidence obtained from their morphology, phenology, biogeography, habitats, and paleontology. C1 [Huber, John T.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Gibson, Gary A. P.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Biodivers & Integrated Pest Management, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Bauer, Leah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Liu, Houping] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gates, Michael] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Huber, JT (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, KW Neatby Bldg,960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM huberjh@agr.gc.ca; gibsong@agr.gc.ca; lbauer@fs.fed.us; liuho@msu.edu; michael.gates@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS PI WASHINGTON PA C/O SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560-0168 USA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 175 EP 194 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360UZ UT WOS:000260084800005 ER PT J AU Barcenas, NM Thompson, NJ Gomez-Tovar, V Morales-Ramos, FA Johnston, JS AF Barcenas, N. M. Thompson, N. J. Gomez-Tovar, V. Morales-Ramos, F. A. Johnston, J. S. TI Sex Determination and Genome Size in Catolaccus grandis (Burks, 1954) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOLL-WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; WASP NASONIA-VITRIPENNIS; AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CURCULIONIDAE; FLOW; ANT; INFESTATIONS; PARASITOIDS; SUPPRESSION AB Complementary sex determination (CSD) is a common form of the haplodiploid sex determination system found in all wasps, ants, and bees (Hymenoptera). Exceptions exist to CSD, but too few have been documented to make phylogenetic conclusions. Males that are homozygous at CSD loci are diploid and often sterile. Any effect that increases homozygosity (inbreeding and small population size) should increase the proportion of diploid males. We use flow cytometry to determine the genome size of males and females of the parasitic wasp Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) (1 C = 455.4 +/- 3.4 mb). We then score haploid and diploid males (and females) from populations that were 25% and 50% inbred. None of the 314 males scored were diploid. We conclude that the CSD system is very unlikely to exist in this species and discuss the implications for sex determination systems in the Pteromalidae and other chalcidoids. C1 [Barcenas, N. M.] Heritage Univ, Toppenish, WA 98948 USA. [Thompson, N. J.] Texas A&M Univ 3258, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77883 USA. [Gomez-Tovar, V.] SAGARPA Insurgentes 498, SENASICA, Mexico City 06100, DF, Mexico. [Morales-Ramos, F. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Johnston, J. S.] Texas A&M Univ 2475, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77883 USA. RP Barcenas, NM (reprint author), Heritage Univ, 3240 Ft Rd, Toppenish, WA 98948 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS PI WASHINGTON PA C/O SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560-0168 USA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360UZ UT WOS:000260084800007 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, AS Gebremariam, T Liu, MF Chamilos, G Kontoyiannis, DP Mink, R Kwon-Chung, KJ Fu, Y Skory, CD Edwards, JE Spellberg, B AF Ibrahim, Ashraf S. Gebremariam, Teclegiorgis Liu, Mingfu Chamilos, Georgios Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P. Mink, Richard Kwon-Chung, Kyung J. Fu, Yue Skory, Christopher D. Edwards, John E., Jr. Spellberg, Brad TI Bacterial endosymbiosis is widely present among Zygomycetes but does not contribute to the pathogenesis of mucormycosis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Chicago, IL ID MACROCYCLIC LACTONE ANTIBIOTICS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; RHIZOPUS-MICROSPORUS; RHIZOXIN; ZYGOMYCOSIS; CELLS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; METABOLITE; ORYZAE AB Environmental isolates of the fungus Rhizopus have been shown to harbor a bacterial endosymbiont (Burkholderia) that produces rhixozin, a plant mycotoxin. We sought to define the role of rhizoxin production by endosym-bionts in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. Endosymbiotic bacteria were identified by polymerase chain reaction in 15 (54%) of 28 clinical isolates of Zygomycetes, with 33% of the bacterial strains showing >= 87% identity to Burkholderia 16S rDNA. The presence of rhizoxin in myclial extracts from fungi harboring bacteria was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. However, fungal strains with or without endosym-bionts did not differ in their ability to cause endothelial cell injury in vitro, nor did antibiotic-mediated eradication of endosymbionts and rhizoxin production decrease the virulence of fungal strains in mice or flies. In summary, although bacterial endosymbiosis is widely detected in clinical isolates of Zygomycetes, including Rhizopus oryzae strains, we found no evidence that bacterial endosymbionts and rhizoxin contribute to the pathogenesis of mucormycosis in the models studied. C1 [Ibrahim, Ashraf S.; Gebremariam, Teclegiorgis; Liu, Mingfu; Fu, Yue; Edwards, John E., Jr.; Spellberg, Brad] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst Harbor, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. [Mink, Richard] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst Harbor, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. [Ibrahim, Ashraf S.; Mink, Richard; Fu, Yue; Edwards, John E., Jr.; Spellberg, Brad] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Chamilos, Georgios; Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P.] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kwon-Chung, Kyung J.] Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. [Skory, Christopher D.] USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Ibrahim, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst Harbor, 1124 W Carson St, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. EM ibrahim@labiomed.org RI a, a/M-9467-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AI000657-16]; NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI064716, R01 AI063503, K08 AI060641] NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 7 BP 1083 EP 1090 DI 10.1086/591461 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 345EO UT WOS:000258979100019 PM 18694335 ER PT J AU Strange, JP Garnery, L Sheppard, WS AF Strange, James P. Garnery, Lionel Sheppard, Walter S. TI Morphological and molecular characterization of the Landes honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) ecotype for genetic conservation SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; ecotype conservation; microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA; morphometrics ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CANARY-ISLANDS AB A population of honey bees (Apis mellifera mellifera L.) with an annual colony brood cycle adapted to a locally abundant floral source in the Landes region of Southwest France is the subject of genetic conservation efforts. This population is maintained by local beekeepers in an area that experiences both an annual seasonal influx of non-local colonies and the permanent culture of imported stock. However, some colonies native to the Landes do not have the adapted brood cycle and their status as ecotypic are in question. The present study used morphology, mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites to characterize the endemic population and suggests further genetic conservation strategies. These methods yielded different degrees of discrimination of native and imported colonies and provided a powerful suite of tools for local resource managers. Colonies from the Landes could be differentiated from non-local French A. m. mellifera populations using morphometric analysis, and from non-native and reference populations using mtDNA and microsatellites. Seven morphological characters were identified by discriminant analysis as informative for delineating the Landes ecotype from other A. m. mellifera populations. Mitochondrial haplotypes for the population were characterized and five microsatellite loci were found to be informative in characterizing the Landes population. Asymmetric gene flow detected with microsatellite alleles was observed to be 5.5-5.9% from imported to native stocks of honey bees while introgression of native microsatellite alleles into imported colonies was 21.6%. C1 [Strange, James P.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Strange, James P.; Sheppard, Walter S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Garnery, Lionel] CNRS, Lab Evolut Genomes & Speciat, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Garnery, Lionel] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yveline, Versailles, France. RP Strange, JP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, BNR 255, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM James.Strange@ars.usda.gov OI Strange, James/0000-0002-9612-6868 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 12 IS 5 BP 527 EP 537 DI 10.1007/s10841-007-9093-6 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 340WG UT WOS:000258675100011 ER PT J AU Guo, BZ Chen, ZY Lee, RD Scully, BT AF Guo, Baozhu Chen, Zhi-Yuan Lee, R. Dewey Scully, Brian T. TI Drought stress and preharvest aflatoxin contamination in agricultural commodity: Genetics, genomics and proteomics SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE abiotic stress; drought stress; host resistance; preharvest aflatoxin contamination ID GT-MAS-GK; CORN GENOTYPES RESISTANT; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; PEANUT ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION; MAIZE POPULATION; PHYTOALEXIN PRODUCTION; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES; SIGNALING PATHWAYS AB Throughout the world, aflatoxin contamination is considered one of the most serious food safety issues concerning health. Chronic problems with preharvest aflatoxin contamination occur in the southern US, and are particularly troublesome in corn, peanut, cottonseed, and tree nuts. Drought stress is a major factor to contribute to preharvest aflatoxin contamination. Recent studies have demonstrated higher concentration of defense or stress-related proteins in corn kernels of resistant genotypes compared with susceptible genotypes, suggesting that preharvest field condition (drought or not drought) influences gene expression differently in different genotypes resulting in different levels of "end products": PR(pathogenesis-related) proteins in the mature kernels. Because of the complexity of Aspergillus-plant interactions, better understanding of the mechanisms of genetic resistance will be needed using genomics and proteomics for crop improvement. Genetic improvement of crop resistance to drought stress is one component and will provide a good perspective on the efficacy of control strategy. Proteomic comparisons of corn kernel proteins between resistant or susceptible genotypes to Aspergillus flavus infection have identified stress-related proteins along with antifungal proteins as associated with kernel resistance. Gene expression studies in developing corn kernels are in agreement with the proteomic studies that defense-related genes could be upregulated or downregulated by abiotic stresses. C1 [Guo, Baozhu; Scully, Brian T.] ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Chen, Zhi-Yuan] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lee, R. Dewey] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Baozhu.Guo@ars.usda.gov NR 95 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 50 IS 10 BP 1281 EP 1291 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00739.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 355AU UT WOS:000259681800011 PM 19017115 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, Y Valles, SM AF Hashimoto, Yoshifumi Valles, Steven M. TI Infection characteristics of Solenopsis invicta virus 2 in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta virus 2; positive-strand RNA virus; prevalence; tissue tropism; transmission; QPCR ID PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; BEE VIRUSES; HONEY-BEE; RNA VIRUS; PCR; QUANTITATION; HYMENOPTERA; PREVALENCE; FORMICIDAE; POLYGYNE AB Solenopsis invicta virus 2 (SINV-2) is the second virus identified from the fire ant, S. invicta Buren. SINV-2 is unique among positive-strand RNA viruses from insects by possessing four cistrons in a monopartite genome. Fire ant colonies testing positive for SINV-2 by RT-PCR did not exhibit any discernable symptoms. RTPCR-based surveys for SINV-2 among 688 fire ant mounds in Alachua County, Florida, sampled during the period January, 2006 through December, 2007 showed that the prevalence of SINV-2 among nests ranged from 1.6% to 16.4%. Unlike S. invicta virus 1, no sea sona I-associated prevalence was observed with regard to SINV-2 infection among fire ant colonies. No social form specificity was evident; SINV-2 was found in both monogyne and polygyne S. invicta ants. Real-time quantitative PCR experiments showed that SINV-2 genome equivalents per individual ant ranged from, 1.9 X 10(7) in. pupae to 4.3 x 10(11) in. inseminated queens. The SINV-2 infection was detected in all ant stages examined (eggs, larvae, pupae,workers, and queens). Tissue tropism studies indicated that the alimentary canal (specifically the midgut) is most likely the susceptible tissue. SINV-2 was successfully transmitted to uninfected S. invicta ants by feeding a partially purified homogenate of SINV-2-infected ants. The SINV-2 transmission rate Fanged from 30% to 80%, and both positive (genomic) and negative (replicative) SINV-2 RNA strands accumulated in recipient ants over the course of the experiment. These results indicated that SINV-2 replicates within S. invicta. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hashimoto, Yoshifumi; Valles, Steven M.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM steven.valles@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2008.06.006 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 357EU UT WOS:000259829900003 PM 18611403 ER PT J AU Hoch, G D'Amico, V Solter, LF Zubrik, M McManus, ML AF Hoch, Gernot D'Amico, Vincent Solter, Leellen F. Zubrik, Milan McManus, Michael L. TI Quantifying horizontal transmission of Nosema lymantriae, a microsporidian pathogen of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lep., Lymantriidae) in field cage studies SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nosema lymantriae; Lymantria dispar; microsporidia; biological control; horizontal transmission; disease dynamics ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; L. LEPIDOPTERA; VIRUS; LARVAE; SP.; POPULATIONS; SPORES; IMPACT AB Nosema lymantriae is a microsporidian pathogen of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar that has been documented to be at least partially responsible for the collapse of L. dispar outbreak populations in Europe. To quantify horizontal transmission of this pathogen under field conditions we performed caged-tree experiments that varied (I) the density of the pathogen through the introduction of laboratory-infected larvae, and (2) the total time that susceptible (test) larvae were exposed to these infected larvae. The time frame of the experiments extended from the early phase of colonization of the target tissues by the microsporidium to the onset of pathogen-induced mortality or pupation of test larvae. Upon termination of each experiment, the prevalence of infection in test larvae was evaluated. In the experiments performed over a range of pathogen densities, infection of test larvae increased with increasing density of inoculated larvae, from 14.2 +/- 3.5% at density of 10 inoculated per 100 larvae to 36.7 +/- 5.7% at 30 inoculated per 100 larvae. At higher densities, percent infection in test larvae appeared to level off (35.7 +/- 5.5% at 50 inoculated per 100 larvae). When larval exposure to the pathogen was varied, transmission of N. lymantriae did not occur within the first 15 d post-inoculation (dpi) (11 d post-exposure of test larvae to inoculated larvae). We found the first infected test larvae in samples taken 20 dpi (16 d post-exposure). Transmission increased over time: in the cages sampled 25 dpi (21 d post-exposure), Nosema prevalence in test larvae ranged from 20.6% to 39.2%. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hoch, Gernot] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, BOKU, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Solter, Leellen F.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Zubrik, Milan] Forest Res Inst Zvolen, Zvolen 96092, Slovakia. [McManus, Michael L.] US Forest Serv, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. [D'Amico, Vincent] Univ Delaware, US Forest Serv, Dept Entomol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP D'Amico, V (reprint author), Univ Delaware, US Forest Serv, Dept Entomol, 531 S Coll Ave,Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM vdamico@fs.fed.us FU BCKU University; USDA Forest Service [03-IC-11242343-095, 04-IC-11242343-100]; USDA-CSREES [ILLU-875-302-0205249 S-1024] FX We thank the staff at BOKU University and Forest Research Institute Zvolen, particularly A. Stradner and P. Kritsch, for technical assistance. The authors also thank Greg Dwyer (U. Chicago) for his advice on experimental design. This research was funded in part by BCKU University, Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Illinois Natural History Survey, USDA Forest Service cooperative agreements No. 03-IC-11242343-095 and 04-IC-11242343-100, and USDA-CSREES Project No. ILLU-875-302-0205249 S-1024. Any opinions, findings, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 146 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2008.06.005 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 357EU UT WOS:000259829900005 PM 18601930 ER PT J AU Pava-Ripoll, M Posada, FJ Momen, B Wang, C Leger, RS AF Pava-Ripoll, Monica Posada, Francisco J. Momen, Bahram Wang, Chengshu Leger, Raymond St. TI Increased pathogenicity against coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) by Metarhizium anisopliae expressing the scorpion toxin (AaIT) gene SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coffee; coffee berry borer; biocontrol; Metaihizium anisopliae; AaIT; scorpion neurotoxin; Androctonus austialis insect toxin ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; SCOLYTIDAE; INSECTICIDE; NEUROTOXIN AB Coffee berry borer (CBB) is the Worlds most devastating coffee pest causing an estimated US$500 million worth of losses annually through damage and control costs. Beauveria bassiona and Metarhizium anisopliae have been employed to control this pest but their low virulence (slow kill and large inoculums) is an important factor constraining their use. M. anisopliae (AaIT-Ma549) has been modified to express the scorpion toxin (AaIT) in insect hemolymph and this greatly increased pathogenicity against Manduca sexta and Aedes aegypti. Here, we demonstrate that AaIT-Ma549 was also dramatically more virulent against CBB, and we provide a much more comprehensive analysis of infection processes and post-mortality development than in the previous research. We evaluated several spore concentrations (10(1) through 10(7) spores/ml) of both the wild type and recombinant strain. At concentrations of 10(1), 10(1) and 10(3) spores/ml, the recombinant strain significantly increased mortality of CBB by 32.2%. 56.6% and 24.6%, respectively. The medial lethal concentration (LC50) was reduced 15.7-fold and the average survival time (AST) was reduced by 20.1 % to 2.98 +/- 0.1 days with 10(7) spores/ml. This is the first occasion that an entomopathogenic fungus has been found to kill CBB in less than 3 days. However, AaIT-Ma549 produces significantly fewer spores on cadavers than the parental strain. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pava-Ripoll, Monica; Leger, Raymond St.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pava-Ripoll, Monica; Posada, Francisco J.] Natl Coffee Res Ctr, CENICAFE, Chichina, Caldas, Colombia. [Posada, Francisco J.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Momen, Bahram] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Chengshu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. RP Pava-Ripoll, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mpavarip@umd.edu RI Wang, Chengshu/A-1656-2011; St. Leger, Raymond /N-3219-2013 OI Wang, Chengshu/0000-0003-1477-1466; FU University of Maryland; National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia FX The authors express gratitude to Fernando Vega and Ann Simpkins front the Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC-West, US Department of Agriculture in Beltsville, MD, for providing the coffee berry borers. This research was financially supported by the University of Maryland and The National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia. NR 26 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 99 IS 2 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2008.05.004 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 357EU UT WOS:000259829900014 PM 18597773 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Meydani, SN AF Wu, Dayong Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Age-associated changes in immune and inflammatory responses: impact of vitamin E intervention SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pennington Scientific Symposium on Neuro-Immune Signaling and Inflammation CY DEC 02-05, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA DE aging; immune function; macrophage; prostaglandin; cyclooxygenase ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HUMAN T-LYMPHOCYTES; INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS; PRIMARY RAT MICROGLIA; IFN-GAMMA PRODUCTION; NF-KAPPA-B AB Aging is associated with dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses. Declining T cell function is the most significant and best-characterized feature of immunosenescence. Intrinsic changes within T cells and extrinsic factors contribute to the age-associated decline in T cell function. T cell defect seen in aging involves multiple stages from early receptor activation events to clonal expansion. Among extrinsic factors, increased production of T cell-suppressive factor PGE(2) by macrophages (M phi) is most recognized. Vitamin E reverses an age-associated defect in T cells, particularly naive T cells. This effect of vitamin E is also reflected in a reduced rate of upper respiratory tract infection in the elderly and enhanced clearance of influenza infection in a rodent model. The T cell-enhancing effect of vitamin E is accomplished via its direct effect on T cells and indirectly by inhibiting PGE2 production in M phi. Up-regulated inflammation with aging has attracted increasing attention as a result of its implications in the pathogenesis of diseases. Increased PGE2 production in old M phi is a result of increased cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression, leading to higher COX enzyme activity, which in turn, is associated with the ceramide-induced up-regulation of NF-kappa B. B. Similar to M phi, adipocytes from old mice have a higher expression of COX-2 as well as inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, which might also be related to elevated levels of ceramide and NF-kappa B activation. This review will discuss the above age-related immune and inflammatory changes and the effect of vitamin E as nutritional intervention with a focus on the work conducted in our laboratory. C1 [Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging,Friedman Sch Nutr Sci &, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging,Friedman Sch Nutr Sci &, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG009140, R01-AG09140-09] NR 176 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 9 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 84 IS 4 BP 900 EP 914 DI 10.1189/jlb.0108023 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 354KW UT WOS:000259639500004 PM 18596135 ER PT J AU Young, JK Glasscock, SN Shivik, JA AF Young, Julie K. Glasscock, Selma N. Shivik, John A. TI DOES SPATIAL STRUCTURE PERSIST DESPITE RESOURCE AND POPULATION CHANGES? EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATIONS ON COYOTES SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE canid; field experiment; movement; spatial ecology; supplemental feeding ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; CANIS-LATRANS; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; SPACE-USE; MOVEMENTS; FOOD; TERRITORIALITY; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY AB We tested the influence of a chan-e in food resource distribution on space use and diet of coyotes (Canis latrans). We focused on 2 facets of space use: maintenance of home ranges by residents. and establishment of home ranges by immigrants after a coyote removal program. The Study was conducted on 2 Populations of Coyotes in Southern Texas. In both Populations, a clumped, high-quatity food source was added to randomly selected feeding stations to measure the influence of food distribution and abundance on home-range patterns, trespassing rates. and consumption of native prey. in established home ranges, coyotes visited and foraged at stations regularly and Were Found closer to stations during the treatment period. Although there was no overall treatment on home-range size (F = 1.66 d.f. - 5, P = 0.15), home ranges without supplemental food remained stable in size, whereas home ranges that had received supplemental food increased during the posttreatment period (t = 2.09. d.f = 1, P = 0.04). Core areas showed a similar trend there was no overall treatment effect (F = 1.51, d.f. = 2, P = 0.24); however, core areas of home ranges that received supplemental food were smaller than those of controls during the treatment period (t = 2.71, d.f. = 1, P < 0.01). There were no stastistical differences in Occurrence of any species, Such as small mammals or white-tailed deer (Odoconeus virgimianus), in scats of treatment versus control coyotes. Coyotes within the study site after removals were located closer to feeding stations during treatment than posttreatment (F = 8.83, d.f. = 1, P < 0.02, n = 897) periods, yet home-range size with supplemental food was larger than home-range size during the posttreatment period. Our findings suggest that a resource other than food influences coyote spatial patterns. C1 [Glasscock, Selma N.] Welder Wildlife Fdn, Sinton, TX 78387 USA. [Shivik, John A.] Utah State Univ, USDA,Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Young, JK (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, No Rocky Field Stn, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM jyoung@wcs.org RI Young, Julie/H-6147-2011 FU Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation; National Wildlife Research Center FX We thank Our field technicians for their excellent work. S. Durham provided statistical advice. HEB grocers. B. C. Glasscock. Refugio Meats. King Ranch. El Campo Deer and Game Processing. and D. Vernon provided meat donations. Funding was provided by Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation and National Wildlife Research Center. Excellent editorial suggestions were provided by the Associate Editor and 2 anonymous reviewers. This is Welder Wildlife Foundation contribution 672. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1094 EP 1104 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-198.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 364DQ UT WOS:000260316800003 ER PT J AU Bartel, RA Knowlton, FF Stoddart, LC AF Bartel, Rebecca A. Knowlton, Frederick F. Stoddart, L. Charles TI LONG-TERM PATTERNS IN MAMMALIAN ABUNDANCE IN NORTHERN PORTIONS OF THE GREAT BASIN SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; black-tailed jackrabbit; Cams latrans; coyote; lagomorph; Lepus californicus; long-term data; mammal community; rodents ID SNOWSHOE HARE CYCLE; RODENT DYNAMICS; POPULATION ECOLOGY; PREY ABUNDANCE; PREDATION; COMMUNITY; RESPONSES; COYOTES; FLUCTUATIONS; METHODOLOGY AB We collected long-term indices of mammalian abundance at 2 sites in the Great Basin: Curlew Valley in northern Utah, and the Idaho National Laboratory in Southeastern Idallo. Abundance patterns were examined for I predator, the coyote (Canis latrans), and its prey community including 9 species of rodents and 3 species of lagomorphs. Our results suggest cycles with a period of 10-11 years among the main prey species, Lepus californicus. Responses of C. latrans to prey fluctuations were variable among study areas., with abundance levels of coyotes remaining high during declines in prey Populations in Curlew Valley. Abundance indices were generally low for all species of rodents except Peromyscus maniculatus. Although many of the rodents demonstrated consistent biannual fluctuations, we could not statistically confirm multiseasonal cyclic patterns. Population levels of coyotes seem to reflect a combination of factors including abundance of both monitored species of prey and alternate prey groups, and human harvest. C1 [Knowlton, Frederick F.; Stoddart, L. Charles] Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bartel, Rebecca A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bartel, RA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rabartel@ncsu.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture; United Suites Atomic Energy Commission [AT (11-1)-1329]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AI-07811D12315] FX Initial phases of data collection Were undertaken by F. Wagner and a bevy of his graduate advisees. In 1972-1973. the effort continued under the auspices of the Denver Wildlife Research Center of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Under Study Plans DF-931.07 and DF-931.09 and subsequently under the National Wildlife Research Center after it was administratively transferred to the United Suites Department of Agriculture in 1986. Financial Support for this endeavor cattle front the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, the United Suites Atomic Energy Commission Under Contract AT (11-1)-1329, and the United States Department of Energy, under Interagency Agreement DE-AI-07811D12315. Field data sheets are archived with the National Wildlife Research Center in Foil Collins. Colorado. under Project DF-931.07, with data Summaries placed in Ecological Archives under accession 04-1607. We are indebted to a myriad of technicians and graduate students for seemingly endless hours of field inventories. We acknowledge contributions by R. J. Burns, S. Cherry, F. Clark, M. Collinge. V. Cross, S. Fortier, R. E. Griffiths. C. E. Harris, S. W. Hoffman, R. Jones. B. T. Kelly, J. J. Knudsen, A. J. Kriwox. L. S. Mills. K. Rose, R. D. Roughton. G. W. Smith W. C. Stephenson. M. W. Sweeney, S. Whittemore, A. Wywialowski. and numerous others who also contributed to the effort. Our sincere apologies to those We fail to acknowledge. We also thank 4 anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1170 EP 1183 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-378.1 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 364DQ UT WOS:000260316800012 ER PT J AU Jahn, CE Charkowski, AO Willis, DK AF Jahn, Courtney E. Charkowski, Amy O. Willis, David K. TI Evaluation of isolation methods and RNA integrity for bacterial RNA quantitation SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE High quality RNA; Erwinia chrysanthemi; RIN; Isolation; Real time RT-PCR ID TIME RT-PCR; MESSENGER-RNA; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; HOUSEKEEPING GENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXTRACTION; QUALITY; DNA; QUANTIFICATION; PECTOBACTERIUM AB RNA integrity is critical for successful RNA quantitation for mammalian tissues, but the level of integrity required differs among tissues. The level of integrity required for quantitation has not been determined for bacterial RNA. Three RNA isolation methods were evaluated for their ability to produce high quality RNA from Dickeya dadantii, a bacterium refractory to RNA isolation. Bacterial lysis with Trizol using standard protocols consistently gave low RNA yields with this organism. Higher yields due to improved bacterial cells lysis was achieved with an added hot SDS incubation step, but RNA quality was low as determined by the RNA Integrity Number (RIN). Contaminating DNA remained a problem with the hot SDS-Trizol method; RNA samples required repeated, rigorous DNase treatments to reduce DNA contamination to levels sufficient for successful real-time qRT-PCR. A hot SDS-hot phenol RNA method gave the highest RNA quality and required only two DNase treatments to remove DNA. The assessment of RNA integrity using the Agilent 2100 BioAnalyzer was critical for obtaining meaningful gene expression data. RIN values below 7.0 resulted in high variation and loss of statistical significance when gene expression was analyzed by real-time qRT-PCR. We found that RNA preparations of different quality yielded drastic differences in relative gene expression ratios and led to major errors in the quantification of transcript levels. This work provides guidelines for RNA isolation and quality assessment that will be valuable for gene expression studies in a wide range of bacteria. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jahn, Courtney E.; Charkowski, Amy O.; Willis, David K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Willis, David K.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Willis, DK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dkwillis@wisc.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [2006-35319-17396, WIS01072]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2001-52100-11316] FX The authors wish to thank Jennifer Apodaca for her invaluable assistance in improving the isolation of high quality RNA from D. dadantii. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture NRI program grant 2006-35319-17396 and U.S. Department of Agriculture Hatch grant WIS01072 to A. O. Charkowski. This project made use of sequences from the D. dadantii 3937 genome,project supported by Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems Grant No. 2001-52100-11316 to Nicole Perna from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 44 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.07.004 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 358UH UT WOS:000259942500026 PM 18674572 ER PT J AU Murray, KD Aronstein, KA AF Murray, K. Daniel Aronstein, Katherine A. TI Transformation of the Gram-positive honey bee pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae, by electroporation SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Electroporation; Electrotransformation; Paenibacillus larvae; American Foulbrood; Honey bee; Apis mellifera ID RESISTANT AMERICAN FOULBROOD; BACILLUS-LARVAE; TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANCE; APIS-MELLIFERA; UNITED-STATES; PLASMID DNA; GENOME; PMA67 AB In this study we developed an electrotransformation method for use with the Gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus larvae-a deadly pathogen of honey bees. Combining multiple Bacillus electrotransformation methods to generate an initial protocol, we then optimized the following parameters for use with P larvae: cell density of culture at harvest time, contents of the washing/electroporation solution, field strength of the electrical pulse, recovery growth medium, and recovery time period. With the optimized method, we achieved an average transformation efficiency of 1.9 x 10(5) transformants/mu g DNA. The method is substantially different from the only other electrotransformation method for a Paenibacillus species found in the literature. This work should facilitate the study of the several previously discovered natural plasmids of P. larvae, and is a step toward developing a genetic system for this species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Murray, K. Daniel; Aronstein, Katherine A.] ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Murray, KD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Ctr, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM keith.murray@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 325 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.07.007 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 358UH UT WOS:000259942500027 PM 18687369 ER PT J AU Montero-Astua, M Chacon-Diaz, C Aguilar, E Rodriguez, CM Garita, L Villalobos, W Moreira, L Hartung, JS Rivera, C AF Montero-Astua, Mauricio Chacon-Diaz, Carlos Aguilar, Estela Mario Rodriguez, Carlos Garita, Laura Villalobos, William Moreira, Lisela Hartung, John S. Rivera, Carmen TI Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Xylella fastidiosa from Coffee Plants in Costa Rica SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus variegated chlorosis; coffee leaf scorch; crespera; Pierce's disease ID CITRUS-VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; 16S-23S INTERGENIC SPACER; MULBERRY LEAF SCORCH; PIERCES-DISEASE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; 1ST REPORT; AXENIC CULTURE; CAUSAL AGENT; SAO-PAULO; 16S RDNA AB Coffee plants exhibiting a range of symptoms including mild to severe curling of leaf margins, chlorosis and deformation of leaves, stunting of plants, shortening of internodes, and dieback of branches have been reported since 1995 in several regions of Costa Rica's Central Valley. The symptoms are referred to by coffee producers in Costa Rica as "crespera" disease and have been associated with the presence of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Coffee plants determined to be infected by the bacterium by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were used for both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and for isolation of the bacterium in PW broth or agar. Petioles examined by TEM contained rod-shaped bacteria inside the xylem vessels. The bacteria measured 0.3 to 0.5 mu m in width and 1.5 to 3.0 mu m in length, and had rippled cell walls 10 to 40 nm in thickness, typical of X. fastidiosa. Small, circular, dome-shaped colonies were observed 7 to 26 days after plating of plant extracts on PW agar. The colonies were comprised of Gram-negative rods of variable length and a characteristic slight longitudinal bending. TEM of the isolated bacteria showed characteristic rippled cell walls, similar to those observed in plant tissue. ELISA and PCR with specific primer pairs 272-1-int/272-2-int and RST31/RST33 confirmed the identity of the isolated bacteria as X. fastidiosa. RFLP analysis of the amplification products revealed diversity within X. fastidiosa strains from Costa Rica and suggest closer genetic proximity to strains from the United States of America than to other coffee or citrus strains from Brazil. C1 [Hartung, John S.] ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Montero-Astua, Mauricio; Chacon-Diaz, Carlos; Aguilar, Estela; Garita, Laura; Villalobos, William; Moreira, Lisela; Rivera, Carmen] Univ Costa Rica, CIBCM, San Pedro 2060, Costa Rica. [Chacon-Diaz, Carlos; Rivera, Carmen] Univ Costa Rica, Fac Microbiol, San Pedro 2060, Costa Rica. [Mario Rodriguez, Carlos] Inst Cafe Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica. [Moreira, Lisela] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Agron, San Pedro 2060, Costa Rica. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.hartung@ars.usda.gov FU Fundacion Costa Rica-USA (CRUSA); Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR); Fruit Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service (ARS); United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) FX This work was supported by the Fundacion Costa Rica-USA (CRUSA); the Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR); and the Fruit Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). NR 48 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY KOREA PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CENTER 803, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-8873 EI 1976-3794 J9 J MICROBIOL JI J. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 46 IS 5 BP 482 EP 490 DI 10.1007/s12275-008-0072-8 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 367HT UT WOS:000260543800003 PM 18974947 ER PT J AU Walse, SS Lu, F Teal, PEA AF Walse, Spencer S. Lu, Fang Teal, Peter E. A. TI Glucosylated Suspensosides, Water-Soluble Pheromone Conjugates from the Oral Secretions of Male Anastrepha suspensa SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN FRUIT-FLIES; LACTONE COMPONENTS; EPIANASTREPHIN; ENANTIOMERS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONSTRUCTION; ORIENTATION; ASSIGNMENT; EFFICIENT; ALCOHOLS AB A diastereomeric mixture of the glycosylated pheromones (6R)- (1a) and (6S)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 2-(2,6-dimethyl-6-vinylcyclohex-1-enyl)acetate (1b), which we named respectively suspensoside A and suspensoside B. was isolated from the oral secretions of male Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa. The absolute stereochemical configurations were established using microsample NMR instrumentation, chiral gas chromatography, and chemical synthesis utilizing pure enantiomers of anastrephin, (3aS,4R,7aS)- (4a) or (3aR,4S,7aR)-4,7a-dimethyl-4-vinylhexahydrobenzofuran-2(3H)one (4b), its the aglycon precursor. C1 [Walse, Spencer S.; Lu, Fang; Teal, Peter E. A.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM pteal@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture; Center for Plant and Microbial Complex Carbohydrates [DE-FG09-93ER-20097]; NSF FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture. Partial support was from the DOE-funded (DE-FG09-93ER-20097) Center for Plant and Microbial Complex Carbohydrates, which provided complimentary data on glucose characterization, and the NSF through the External User Program of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. NMR studies, facilitated by an invaluable collaboration with Arthur S. Edison, were done at the Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy (AMRIS) facility in the McKnight Brain Institute of the University of Florida. HRESIMS was performed in the mass spectroscopy laboratory at the University of Florida. We would like to extend our gratitude to J. Johnson and J. R. Rocca for guidance on spectrometric and spectroscopic measurements, respectively. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1726 EP 1731 DI 10.1021/np800096k PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 365CV UT WOS:000260384400011 PM 18798680 ER PT J AU Smith, CE Tucker, KL Yiannakouris, N Garcia-Bailo, B Mattei, J Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Ordovas, JM AF Smith, Caren E. Tucker, Katherine L. Yiannakouris, Nikos Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana Mattei, Josiemer Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Ordovas, Jose M. TI Perilipin polymorphism interacts with dietary carbohydrates to modulate anthropometric traits in Hispanics of Caribbean origin SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GLYCEMIC-LOAD DIET; DE-NOVO LIPOGENESIS; WEIGHT-LOSS; LOW-FAT; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; GENETIC-VARIATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; 11482G-GREATER-THAN-A POLYMORPHISM AB Perilipin (PLIN) is the major protein surrounding lipid droplets in adipocytes and regulates adipocyte metabolism by modulating the interaction between lipases and triacylglycerol stores. Associations between PLIN gene polymorphisms and obesity risk have been described, but interactions with dietary macronutrients require further attention. We examined whether dietary macronutrients (e.g. carbohydrates and fats) modulated the associations of the common PLIN 11482G > A (rs894160) single nuclectide polymorphism with obesity. We studied a population-based sample of Caribbean-origin Hispanics (n = 920, aged 45-74 y) living in the Boston area. Obesity measures (waist and hip circumference, BMI) did not differ between GG subjects and carriers of the A allele (GA and AA). In multivariate linear regression models, we found a significant interaction between complex carbohydrate intake as a continuous variable and PLIN 11482 G > A genotype for waist circumference (P = 0.002). By dichotomizing complex carbohydrate intake, we found significantly different effects across PLIN11482G > A genotypes. When complex carbohydrate intake was <144 g/d, waist circumference was larger in PLIN 11482G > A carriers (P = 0.024). Conversely, when complex carbohydrate intake was >= 144 g/d, waist and hip circumferences were less in PLIN 11482G > A carriers (P < 0.05). These interactions were not found for simple sugars or total carbohydrates. We identified a significant gene-diet interaction associated with obesity at the PLINlocus. In subjects with higher complex carbohydrate intake, the minor allele was protective against obesity, whereas in subjects with lower carbohydrate intake, the minor allele was associated with increased obesity. These interactions may be relevant to dietary management of obesity. C1 [Smith, Caren E.; Tucker, Katherine L.; Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana; Mattei, Josiemer; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Yiannakouris, Nikos] Harokopio Univ Athens, Athens 17671, Greece. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Mattei, Josiemer/H-1800-2016; OI Mattei, Josiemer/0000-0001-5424-8245; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH [5P01AG023394-02]; NIH/NHLBI [HL54776]; NIH/NIDDK [DK075030]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX Supported by the NIH, National Institute on Aging, grant number 5P01AG023394-02 and NIH/NHLBI grant number HL54776 and NIH/NIDDK DK075030 and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 138 IS 10 BP 1852 EP 1858 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 353GQ UT WOS:000259554500004 PM 18806092 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Ausman, LM Russell, RM Greenberg, AS Wang, XD AF Wang, Yan Ausman, Lynne M. Russell, Robert M. Greenberg, Andrew S. Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Increased apoptosis in high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats is associated with c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and elevated proapoptotic Bax SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID N-TERMINAL KINASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEPATOCYTE APOPTOSIS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; LIVER-DISEASE; EXPRESSION; PATHWAY; ETHANOL; BCL-2; CELLS AB Hepatocyte apoptosis in addition to oxidative stress could be a key component in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the underlying mechanisms of hepatocellular apoptotic response associated with oxidative stress have not been investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH models. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a Lieber-DeCarli control diet (CID; 35% energy from fat) or a HFD (71% energy from fat) for 6 wk. Pathologic lesions, lipid peroxidation products, and apoptotic hepatocytes in the liver were examined. The expressions of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and protein concentrations of cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome p4502E1 (CYP2E1), phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), Bax, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl were measured. Results showed that the key histological features of NASH, including steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, were induced by HFD feeding, with increased hepatic TNF alpha mRNA expression. HFD-fed rats had elevated lipid peroxidation products and CYP2E1 protein in the liver. The apoptotic helpatocytes were significantly greater in livers of rats fed HFD than in those fed CID, and these were associated with a higher level of cleaved caspase-3. In addition, HFD feeding increased both hepatic phosphorylated JNK and pro-apoptotic Bax but did not affect anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl compared with CID feeding. These data indicate that the increased oxidative stress and its associated JNK activation as well as air imbalance of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in the Bcl-2 family all contribute to high hepatocyte apoptosis that may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NASH in this model. C1 [Wang, Yan; Ausman, Lynne M.; Russell, Robert M.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Res Ctr Aging, Obes & Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wang, Yan; Ausman, Lynne M.; Russell, Robert M.; Greenberg, Andrew S.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu FU NIH [R01CA104932]; USDA [1950-51000-064S] FX NIH grant R01CA104932 and USDA under agreement of NO 1950-51000-064S. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USDA and NIH. NR 38 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 138 IS 10 BP 1866 EP 1871 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 353GQ UT WOS:000259554500006 PM 18806094 ER PT J AU Sahni, S Hannan, MT Gagnon, D Blumberg, J Cupples, LA Kiel, DP Tucker, KL AF Sahni, Shivani Hannan, Marian T. Gagnon, David Blumberg, Jeffrey Cupples, L. Adrienne Kiel, Douglas P. Tucker, Katherine L. TI High vitamin C intake is associated with lower 4-year bone loss in elderly men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DECREASES OXIDATIVE STRESS; MINERAL DENSITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; FRAMINGHAM OSTEOPOROSIS; FREE-RADICALS; HIP FRACTURE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; COLLAGEN-SYNTHESIS; D SUPPLEMENTATION; KAPPA-B AB Vitamin C is essential for collagen formation and normal bone development. We evaluated associations of total, supplemental, and dietary vitamin C intake with bore mineral density (BMD) at the hip [femoral neck, trochanter], spine, and radial shaft and 4-gamma BMD change in elderly participants from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Energy-adjusted vitamin C intakes were estimated from the Willett FFQ in 1988-89. Mean BMD and 4-y BMD change was estimated, for men and women, by tertile/category of vitamin C intake, adjusting for covariates. We tested for interaction with smoking, calcium, and vitamin E intake. Among 334 men and 540 women, the mean age was 75 gamma and mean vitamin D intake was 8.25 mu g/d (women) and 8.05 mu g/d (men). We observed negative associations between total and supplemental vitamin C intake and trochanter-BMD among current male smokers (P-trend = 0.01). Among male nonsmokers, total vitamin C intake was positively associated with femoral neck BMD (P-trend = 0.04). Higher total vitamin C intake was associated with less femoral neck and trochanter-BMD loss in men with low calcium (all P-trend <= 0.03) or vitamin E intakes (all P-trend = 0.03). Higher dietary vitamin C intake tended to be associated with lower femoral neck-BMD loss (P-trend = 0.09). These associations were attenuated but retained borderline significance (P-trend < 0.1) after adjusting for potassium intake (a marker of fruit and vegetable intake), suggesting that vitamin C effects may not be separated from other protective factors in fruit and vegetables. Null associations were observed among women. These results suggest a possible protective role of vitamin C for bone health in older men. C1 [Sahni, Shivani; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hannan, Marian T.; Kiel, Douglas P.] Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA 02131 USA. [Hannan, Marian T.; Kiel, Douglas P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02131 USA. [Gagnon, David; Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; NIH [R01 AR/AG 41398]; NIH/NHLBI [N01-HC-25195] FX Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, agreement number 58-1950-7-707; NIH R01 AR/AG 41398 and NIH/NHLBI N01-HC-25195. NR 53 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 138 IS 10 BP 1931 EP 1938 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 353GQ UT WOS:000259554500015 PM 18806103 ER PT J AU Bregendahl, K Yang, XJ Liu, LJ Yen, JT Rideout, TC Shen, Y Werchola, G Fan, MZ AF Bregendahl, Kristjan Yang, Xiaojian Liu, Lijuan Yen, Jong-Tseng Rideout, Todd C. Shen, Yingran Werchola, George Fan, Ming Z. TI Fractional protein synthesis rates are similar when measured by intraperitoneal or intravenous flooding doses of L-[ring-H-2(5)]phenylalanine in combination with a rapid regimen of sampling in piglets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SMALL-INTESTINE; NEONATAL PIGS; AMINO-ACIDS; IN-VIVO; INJECTION; TURNOVER; LIVER; PHENYLALANINE; INSULIN AB Fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR) are widely measured by the flooding dose technique via either an i.g. or an i.v. route. This study was conducted to compare differences in tracer incorporation and FSR in organs and tissues of fed piglets. The piglets were surgically implanted with catheters and randomly assigned to receive a flooding dose of Phe (1.5 mrnol/kg body weight, 40 percent molar enrichment with [H-2(5)]Phe) in saline administered via an i.p. or an i.v. route. [H-2(5)]Phe free-pool enrichment in plasma increased logarithmically (P < 0.05) from 0 to 25% in the i.p. group, whereas it rose to a peak level within 3 min of the tracer injection and then decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in the i.v. group. Intracellular free-pool tracer enrichments in organs and tissues were within the range of the values measured for the plasma-free pool (25-27%), reaching the flooding status. Administration of the tracer via the i.p. and i.v. routes induced a logarithmical pattern (P < 0.05) of a surge in plasma cortisol concentrations within 30 min. Measurements of FSR in plasma, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscles were lower (P < 0.05) in the i.p. than in the i.v. group due to the adverse effect of cortisol surge being more dramatic (P < 0.05) in the i.p. than in the i.v. group at 30 min of the post-tracer administration. We conclude that FSR may be measured by the flooding dose through an i.p. or an i.v. route and the i.p. route may underestimate FSR by the flooding dose for plasma, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscles. This concern may be addressed by a fast regimen of sampling to be completed within 12-20 min after an i.p. route of tracer injection. C1 [Bregendahl, Kristjan; Yang, Xiaojian; Liu, Lijuan; Rideout, Todd C.; Shen, Yingran; Werchola, George; Fan, Ming Z.] Univ Guelph, Ctr Nutr Modeling, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Yen, Jong-Tseng] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Fan, MZ (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ctr Nutr Modeling, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM mfan@uoguelph.ca NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 138 IS 10 BP 1976 EP 1981 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 353GQ UT WOS:000259554500022 PM 18806110 ER PT J AU Bertolo, RF Burrin, DG AF Bertolo, Robert F. Burrin, Douglas G. TI Comparative aspects of tissue glutamine and proline metabolism SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Amino Acid Assessment Workshop CY NOV 02-03, 2007 CL Japan, JAPAN SP Int Council Amino Acid Sci ID ESSENTIAL AMINO-ACID; BODY ARGININE METABOLISM; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; FED NEONATAL PIGLETS; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; SPLANCHNIC BED; WHOLE-BODY; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; DIETARY GLUTAMATE; PLASMA PROLINE AB The cellular metabolism of glutamine and proline are closely interrelated, because they can be interconverted with glutamate and ornithine via the mitochondrial pathway involving pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). In adults, glutamine and proline are converted via P5C to citrulline in the gut, then citrulline is converted to arginine in the kidney. In neonates, arginine is a semiindispensable amino acid and is synthesized from proline completely in the gut, because of low P5C synthase activity, glutamine is rot an important precursor for neonatal arginine synthesis. Thus, splanchnic metabolism of glutamine and proline is important, because both amino acids serve as key precursors for arginine synthesis with some developmental differences. Studies investigating splanchnic extraction demonstrate that about two-thirds of dietary glutamine and almost all dietary glutamate are extracted on first pass and the vast majority is oxidized in the gut, This capacity to extract glutamine and glutamate appears to be very large, so diets high in glutamine or glutamate probably have little impact on circulating concentrations and consequent potential toxicity. In contrast, it appears that very little proline is extracted by the gut and liver, at least in the neonate, which may result in hyperprolinemia and potential toxicity. Therefore, the upper limits of safe dietary intake for glutamine and proline, and other amino acids, appear to be substantially different depending on the extent of first-pass splanchnic extraction and irreversible catabolism. C1 [Bertolo, Robert F.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biochem, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Burrin, Douglas G.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bertolo, RF (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biochem, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. EM rbertolo@mun.ca NR 88 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 138 IS 10 BP 2032S EP 2039S PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 353GQ UT WOS:000259554500033 PM 18806120 ER PT J AU Santin-Duran, M Alunda, JM Hoberg, EP de la Fuente, C AF Santin-Duran, Monica Alunda, Jose M. Hoberg, Eric P. de la Fuente, Concepcion TI AGE DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF ABOMASAL HELMINTHS IN WILD RED DEER FROM CENTRAL SPAIN SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FALLOW DEER; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; DAMA-DAMA; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SVALBARD REINDEER; PARASITES; OSTERTAGIINAE; BIODIVERSITY; POLYMORPHISM AB A Study oil age distribution and seasonal dynamics of abomasal helminths in wild red deer was conducted in central Spain, by monthly samplings of fawns (<1 yr), subadult (1-2 yr), and adult (>2 yr) animals. Both intensity and prevalence of abomasal parasitism were higher in older animals, particularly in males. A bimodal pattern for intensity of infection by gastrointestinal parasites was observed. Maximum values attained in winter and summer may be related to variation in climate and the shifting availability of forage resources. The pattern was largely clue to the contribution of Spiculopteragia asymmetrica/Spiculopteragia quadrispiculata, whereas the other species found (Ostertagia leptosicularis/Ostertagia kolchida and Ostertagia drozdzi/Ostertagia ryjikovi) occurred with lower prevalence and intensity of infection. Among these ostertagiines, the ratio for major and minor morphotypes of males of respective species and the relative abundance of males and females were stable through the annual cycle. C1 [Santin-Duran, Monica; Alunda, Jose M.; Hoberg, Eric P.; de la Fuente, Concepcion] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Vet, Dept Sanidad Sci, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Santin-Duran, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, BARC E,Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cfuente2@vet.ucm.es FU [CGL2004-02580-CO3-02]; [FAU2006-00008-00-00] FX We appreciate the cooperation of J. M. Sebastian and C. Rodriguez and the warden services of the Los Quintos de Mora (Toledo) park. The sampling was made possible by the help of J. M. San Miguel, I. Dominguez, A. Lopez, A. Gonzalez, and M. Carballo. Some laboratory studies by M.S.D. with E.P.H. were completed at the U.S. National Parasite Collection, and we gratefully acknowledge assistance from R A. Pilitt and A. Abrams. Research was partially funded by CGL2004-02580-CO3-02 and FAU2006-00008-00-00 projects. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1031 EP 1037 DI 10.1645/GE-1109.1 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 364EK UT WOS:000260318800004 PM 18576697 ER PT J AU Yai, LEO Ragozo, AMA Aguiar, DM Damaceno, JT Oliveira, LN Dubey, JP Gennari, SM AF Yai, Locia E. O. Ragozo, Alessandra M. A. Aguiar, Daniel M. Damaceno, Jose T. Oliveira, Luciana N. Dubey, J. P. Gennari, Solange M. TI ISOLATION OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII FROM CAPYBARAS (HYDROCHAERIS HYDROCHAERIS) FROM SAO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RATS RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; CATS; SPECIFICITY; GENOTYPES AB The capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) is a large rodent used for human consumption in certain areas of South America. In the present study, viable Toxoplasma gondii was isolated for the first time from this host. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed in the sera of 64 capybaras from 6 counties of Sao Paulo State, Brazil, using the modified agglutination test (MAT, >= 1:25 dilution) and the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT, >= 1:16 dilution), and antibodies were found in 48 (75%) by MAT, and 49 (76.6%) by IFAT. Samples of brain, heart, and tongue of 40 seropositive capybaras were pooled, digested in pepsin, and bioassayed in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissue homogenates of 36 capybaras, and the isolates were designated TgCyBrl-36. Most isolates were lethal to mice; 17 of the 36 isolates killed 100% of infected mice, 11 isolates caused mortality in 25-90% of infected mice, and 8 isolates were nonpathogenic to mice. Results indicate that asymptomatic capybaras can harbor mouse-virulent T gondii, and hence they can serve as a Source of infection for humans. C1 [Yai, Locia E. O.; Ragozo, Alessandra M. A.; Aguiar, Daniel M.; Damaceno, Jose T.; Oliveira, Luciana N.; Dubey, J. P.; Gennari, Solange M.] Ctr Controle Zoonoses, BR-02031020 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Aguiar, Daniel/F-1268-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Aguiar, Daniel/0000-0001-8631-522X FU FAPESP; CNPq FX The authors thank FAPESP for the project support and the fellowship to A. M. A. Ragozo and CNPq for the fellowship to S. M. Gennari. We also thank Zoonosis Control Center, Prefeitura do Municipio de Sao Paulo. Brazil, for providing capybara conjugate. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1060 EP 1063 DI 10.1645/GE-1548.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 364EK UT WOS:000260318800009 PM 18576842 ER PT J AU Dixon, BR Parrington, LJ Parenteau, M Leclair, D Santin, M Fayer, R AF Dixon, Brent R. Parrington, Lorna J. Parenteau, Monique Leclair, Daniel Santin, Monica Fayer, Ronald TI Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium Spp. in the Intestinal Contents of Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) and Bearded Seals (Erignathus barbatus) in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidum spp. was determined for ringed and bearded seals harvested for food in the Nunavik region in northern Quebec, Canada. Flow cytometric results demonstrated that G. duodenalis was present in the intestinal contents of 80% of the ringed seals and 75% of the bearded seals tested, white Cryptosporidium spp. were present in 9% of the ringed seals and none of the bearded seals. prevalence of both parasites was highest in animals less than 1 yr of age. Giardia sp. isolates from ringed seals were identified as G. duodenalis Assemblage B, which is commonly identified in human infections. The high prevalence of G. duodenalis in ringed seals, and the presence of Assemblage B in these animals, highlights the potential for zoonotic transmission to the Inuit people, who consume dried seal intestines and uncooked seal meat. C1 [Dixon, Brent R.; Parrington, Lorna J.] Hlth Canada, Food Directorate, Microbiol Res Div, Banting Res Ctr 2204E, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Parenteau, Monique] Hlth Canada, Food Directorate, Anim Resources Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Leclair, Daniel] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Food Safety Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. [Santin, Monica; Fayer, Ronald] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dixon, BR (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Food Directorate, Microbiol Res Div, Banting Res Ctr 2204E, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. EM Brent_Dixon@hc-sc.gc.ca NR 14 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1163 DI 10.1645/GE-1485.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 364EK UT WOS:000260318800023 PM 18576814 ER PT J AU Pas, A Dubey, JP AF Pas, An Dubey, J. P. TI Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Gordon's Wildcat (Felis silvestris gordoni) in the Middle East SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Most species of felids tested have been found to be the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii. Gordon's wildcat (Felis silvestris gordoni) is a threatened species found in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in all 29 captive and 2 of 7 wild-caught F. s. gordoni in UAE examined by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Titers were 1: 100 in 1, 1:200 in 5, 1:400 in 6, 1:800 in 10, 1: 1,600 in 5, and 1:3,200 or higher in 4. None of these cats was ill, despite exhibiting high antibody titers. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in this host. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pas, An] Breeding Ctr Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1169 EP 1169 DI 10.1645/GE-1593.1 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 364EK UT WOS:000260318800026 PM 18576866 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Sandhu, KS Bal, MS Kumar, H Verma, S Dubey, JP AF Sharma, S. Sandhu, K. S. Bal, M. S. Kumar, H. Verma, S. Dubey, J. P. TI Serological Survey of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep, Cattle, and Buffaloes in Punjab, India SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; WATER-BUFFALOS; BUBALUS-BUBALIS; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; ANIMALS AB Sera from 186 sheep, 83 cattle, and 103 water buffaloes from Punjab, India, were evaluated for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii using a commercial ELISA kit. This study was planned using a 2-stage random sampling procedure and sampling software 'survey toolbox.' In the first step, villages were selected randomly from a sampling frame of all the villages of Punjab, followed by selection of owners and animals in the second step. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 7 of 186 sheep, 2 of 83 cattle, and 3 of 103 buffaloes. Results indicate a low prevalence of T. gondii in ruminants tested. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sharma, S.; Sandhu, K. S.; Bal, M. S.; Kumar, H.; Verma, S.] Guru Angad Dev Vet & Anim Sci Univ, Coll Vet Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Vet Med, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1174 EP 1175 DI 10.1645/GE-1556.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 364EK UT WOS:000260318800028 PM 18576848 ER PT J AU Ashby, RD Solaiman, DKY AF Ashby, Richard D. Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Biosynthesis from Crude Alaskan Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Oil SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biopolymer; Medium-chain length PHA; Pollock oil; Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate); Pseudomonas ID CHAIN-LENGTH POLY(HYDROXYALKANOATES); PSEUDOMONAS-OLEOVORANS; POLYMER PRODUCTION; LINSEED OIL; FILMS; POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; POLYESTERS; ACIDS AB Six strains of Pseudomonas were tested for their abilities to synthesize poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) polymers from crude Pollock oil, a large volume byproduct of the Alaskan fishing industry. All six strains were found to produce PHA polymers froth hydrolyzed Pollock oil with productivities (P;the percent of the cell mass that is polymer) ranging from 6 to 53% of the cell dry weight (CDW). Two strains, P. oleovorans NRRL B-778 (P = 27%) and P. oleovorans NRRL B-14682 (P = 6%), synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with number average molecular weights (M) of 206,000 g/mol and 195,000 g/mol, respectively. Four strains, P. oleovorans NRRL B-14683 (P = 52%), P. resinovorans NRRL B-2649 (P = 53%). P. corrugata 388 (P = 43%), and P. putida KT2442 (P = 39%), synthesized medium-chain-length PHA (mcl/PHA) polymers with M values ranging from 84,000 g/mol to 153,000 g/mol. All mcl-PHA polymers were primarily composed of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid (C(8:0)) and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C(10:0)) amounting to at least 75% of the total monomers present. Unsaturated monomers were also present in the mcl-PHA polymers at concentrations between 13% and 16%, providing loci for polymer derivatization and/or crosslinking. C1 [Ashby, Richard D.; Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] USDA ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ashby, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Rick.Ashby@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s10924-008-0108-5 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 400EP UT WOS:000262851100001 ER PT J AU Chao, SY Dwyer, JT Houser, RF Jacques, P Tennstedt, S AF Chao, Shirley Y. Dwyer, Johanna T. Houser, Robert F. Jacques, Paul Tennstedt, Sharon TI Experts Stress Both Wellness and Amenity Aspects of Food and Nutrition Services in Assisted Living Facilities for Older Adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NURSING-HOME; INDICATORS; RESIDENTS; QUALITY; RISK AB Objectives There has been no consensus on best practices in food and nutrition services in assisted living facilities for older adults. We documented experts' views on optimal food and nutrition services emphases in assisted living facilities, and factors affecting their views. Methods One hundred thirty-five national experts specializing in health, aging, nutrition and assisted living facilities completed a survey consisting four scenarios (ie, home-style, restaurant/hotel, and health/medical, and a combination of these three) in six food and nutrition services areas: dining room environment, meal services, meal quality, nutrition services, employees' qualifications, and therapeutic nutrition services. Results Sixty-three percent of experts favored the combination scenario. Dietetics education and experts' beliefs that assisted living facilities should be health promotion and maintenance facilities were significant predictors of emphases, including wellness considerations. Experts' personal views exerted a powerful influence. Conclusions Experts chose food and nutrition service quality indicators that emphasized a focus on both wellness and amenities as their ideal scenarios for optimal food and nutrition services in assisted living facilities. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008; 108:1654-1661. C1 [Chao, Shirley Y.] Massachusetts Execut Off Elder Affairs, Boston, MA 02108 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.; Houser, Robert F.; Jacques, Paul] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tennstedt, Sharon] New England Res Inst, Inst Studies Aging, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. RP Chao, SY (reprint author), Massachusetts Execut Off Elder Affairs, 1 Ashburton Pl,5th Fl, Boston, MA 02108 USA. EM Shirley.chao@state.ma.us OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU US Department of Housing and Urban Development's Doctoral Dissertation Research [H-21512SG]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported in part by funds from US Department of Housing and Urban Development's Doctoral Dissertation Research grant no. H-21512SG. The study was also supported with resources from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development and/or the US Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 108 IS 10 BP 1654 EP 1661 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.07.013 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 357UY UT WOS:000259873600022 PM 18926130 ER PT J AU Aldema-Ramos, ML Latona, RJ Fortis, LL Marmer, WN AF Aldema-Ramos, Mila L. Latona, Renee J. Fortis, Laurie L. Marmer, William N. TI Identification of decorin and other proteins in bovine hide during its processing into leather SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AVAILABLE DECORIN; PROTEOGLYCAN; BEAMHOUSE; REMOVAL AB The present work attempts to develop a more accurate and reliable assay for decorin concentration in hides as they are processed to leather. The ELISA technique previously developed for decorin analysis is further improved and optimized by treating the samples with chondroitinase-ABC after dialyzing them in the presence of collagenase. Some newer techniques developed and adapted include SDS-PAGE and Western blotting using immuno-colorimetric staining. Probing the blotted protein with a combination of two different antibodies specific for decorin, i.e., PK1 and 6D6, is more specific and sensitive than using either antibody individually. Western Blotting can be used visually and quantitatively to confirm that ELISA-detected species are indeed decorin. The intact proteoglycan as well as the core protein and resulting fragmentations of decorin are determined after treating the samples with collagenase and chondroitinase ABC alone or a combination of these two enzymes. The fate of the different proteins in raw hides to leather is followed by analyzing the separated protein bands in SDS-PAGE gel using MALDI-TOF peptide mapping. C1 [Aldema-Ramos, Mila L.; Latona, Renee J.; Fortis, Laurie L.; Marmer, William N.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Aldema-Ramos, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mila.ramos@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 103 IS 10 BP 324 EP 329 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 356CK UT WOS:000259756100001 ER PT J AU Anandan, D Marmer, WN Dudley, RL AF Anandan, Dayanandan Marmer, William N. Dudley, Robert L. TI Enzymatic dehairing of cattlehide with an alkaline protease isolated from Aspergillus tamarii SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 24, 2006 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc ID LEATHER AB An enzymatic dehairing protocol based on the alkaline serine protease, isolated from the fungus Aspergillus tamarii, required 16h, and we observed concomitant grain damage. The use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a pretreatment to remove the lipids from the hide allowed a shortening of the dehairing time to 6 h without grain damage. We postulated that the SDS removed all of the sebaceous grease from the pores of the hair, facilitating the penetration of the enzyme through the grain layer. Using a lypophilic dye, Nile red, we showed that SDS did remove some of the grease from the grain side of the hide. By tagging the enzyme with a fluorescent label, we clearly showed, however, that the enzyme penetrated the hide only through its flesh side. The enzymatic dehairing process did not remove the fine hairs from the hide. Adding a common sharpening agent, sodium sulfide, to the liming step removed the fine hairs but also caused grain damage. Employing an auxiliary oxidative dehairing step, based on alkaline sodium percarbonate, did remove the fine hairs; under carefully controlled conditions, grain damage was not observed. Mechanical data were collected from leather prepared from enzymatically dehaired hide that had been limed, enzymatically dehaired hide that had been further oxidatively dehaired and hide that had been dehaired with sulfide and relimed. The tensile strength of the leather made from enzymatically dehaired and oxidatively treated hide and the leather prepared from the enzymatically dehaired and traditionally relimed hide was not significantly different from the control. The leather made from the enzymatically dehaired and oxidatively treated hide, however, was significantly stronger than the leather prepared from the enzymatically dehaired and traditionally relimed hide. C1 [Anandan, Dayanandan; Marmer, William N.; Dudley, Robert L.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dudley, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM danandan@astate.edu; robert.dudley@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 103 IS 10 BP 338 EP 344 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 356CK UT WOS:000259756100003 ER PT J AU Britz, SJ Kremer, DF Kenworthy, WJ AF Britz, Steven J. Kremer, Diane F. Kenworthy, William J. TI Tocopherols in soybean seeds: Genetic variation and environmental effects in field-grown crops SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tocopherol; vitamin E; Glycine max; soybean; Maryland; weather; climate; global change ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-E; GAMMA-ORYZANOL; ISOFLAVONE CONTENT; PLANTING LOCATION; TEMPERATURE; RICE; SUNFLOWER; GENOTYPE; DROUGHT AB Controlled environment studies show alpha-tocopherol (alpha T) in soybean seeds increases several fold as a result of warmer temperature or drought during seed maturation, but total tocopherols (T(tot)) stay approximately constant. To determine if natural variation in weather or climate affect T under field conditions, we analyzed soybean seeds grown at several locations in Maryland between 1999 and 2002. Weather was relatively normal during 1999-2001, whereas warmer temperatures and extreme drought were characteristic of 2002. Comparing 18 lines, there were small but significant differences in T(tot) as well as 2- to 3-fold differences in alpha T during 1999-2001. Seeds from locations on the Eastern Shore of Maryland (full season crops) had higher absolute and relative levels of alpha T compared to seeds from a (cooler) central Maryland location or seeds from a later planting (double crop) on the Eastern Shore. Effects of location or planting date were small compared to that of genetic line when considering the normal years 1999-2001. In 2002, however, several fold increases in alpha T/T(tot) were observed in Maturity Group III and IV seeds, especially from full season crops grown at two locations on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. We conclude weather and climate are significant factors affecting soybean seed T content. C1 [Britz, Steven J.; Kremer, Diane F.] Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kenworthy, William J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Britz, SJ (reprint author), Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Room 134 Bldg 307C,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM steven.britz@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 10 BP 931 EP 936 DI 10.1007/s11746-008-1286-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 347LJ UT WOS:000259142800005 ER PT J AU Warner, K Fehr, W AF Warner, K. Fehr, Walter TI Mid-oleic/ultra low linolenic acid soybean oil: A healthful new alternative to hydrogenated oil for frying SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE flavor; fried food; frying; hexanal; linolenic acid; ultra low linolenic acid soybean oil; mid-oleic soybean oil; oxidation; polar compounds; sensory; soybean oil; stability; tortilla chips ID STABILITY; PERFORMANCE AB To determine the frying stability of mid-oleic/ultra low linolenic acid soybean oil (MO/ULLSBO) and the storage stability of food fried in it, tortilla chips were fried in MO/ULLSBO, soybean oil (SBO), hydrogenated SBO (HSBO) and ultra low linolenic SBO (ULLSBO). Intermittent batch frying tests were conducted up to 55 h of frying, and then tortilla chips were aged up to 4 months at 25 degrees C. Frying oils were analyzed for total polar compounds to determine the frying stability of the oil. Tortilla chips were analyzed for hexanal as an indicator of oxidative deterioration and by sensory analysis using a trained, experienced analytical panel. Results showed no significant differences between the total polar compound levels for MO/ULLSBO and HSBO after 55 h of frying, indicating a similar fry life. However, total polar compound levels for ULLSBO and SBO were significantly higher than for either MO/ULLSBO or HSBO, indicating a lower oil fry life. Hexanal levels in aged tortilla chips fried in SBO were significantly higher than in chips fried in any of the other oils. Tortilla chips fried in MO/ULLSBO and HSBO had significantly lower hexanal levels than in chips fried in ULLSBO. A sensory analysis of rancid flavor intensity showed similar trends to those for hexanal formation. The chips fried in SBO had the highest rancid flavor intensity, with significantly lower hexanal levels in chips fried in HSBO and MO/ULLSBO. Based on these results, MO/ULLSBO not only had a good fry life but also produced oxidatively stable fried food, and therefore would be a healthful alternative to HSBO. C1 [Warner, K.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Fehr, Walter] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kathleen.warner@ars.usda.gov FU United Soybean Board FX The authors acknowledge the United Soybean Board for their financial support for the development of the MO/ULLSBO lines; production of the seed used for processing; and the extraction and refining of the oil. Thanks also are extended to Asoyia for providing the ULLSBO used in the test, and to L. Parrott, W. Rinsch, and K. Steidley for technical assistance, and the NCAUR sensory panel. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 10 BP 945 EP 951 DI 10.1007/s11746-008-1275-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 347LJ UT WOS:000259142800007 ER PT J AU Dunn, RO AF Dunn, Robert O. TI Crystallization behavior of fatty acid methyl esters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE activity coefficient; biodiesel; cloud point; cold flow properties; crystallization onset temperature; differential scanning calorimetry; enthalpy of fusion; freezing point depression; melting point; saturated; unsaturated ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; OIL; BIODIESEL; FUELS; CLOUD AB Biodiesel from most agricultural feedstocks has flow properties that are prone to startup and operability problems during cold weather. Biodiesel from soybean oil is generally a mixture of long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters composed of 0.15-0.20 mass fraction saturated esters (melting point [MP] >> 0 degrees C) mixed with unsaturated esters (MP < 0 degrees C). This work investigates the crystallization properties of two saturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) commonly found in biodiesel from soybean oil. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating and cooling scans of methyl palmitate (MeC16), methyl stearate (MeC18) and methyl oleate (MeC18:1) in pure form were analyzed. Crystallization behavior in ternary FAME mixtures was inferred by the application of thermodynamic models based on ideal solution and freezing-point depression theories. Activity coefficients for MeC16 and MeC18 in MeC18:1 solvent were determined by analyzing DSC cooling curves for binary FAME mixtures. Eutectic points were predicted by both models. Crystallization onset temperatures inferred from freezing point depression theory were more accurate than those for ideal solutions with respect to a direct DSC cooling curve analysis of corresponding ternary mixtures. This work shows that the crystallization onset temperature (cloud point) of biodiesel may be predicted by freezing-point depression theory if the activity coefficients of the component FAME are known. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Dunn, RO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM robert.dunn@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 10 BP 961 EP 972 DI 10.1007/s11746-008-1279-x PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 347LJ UT WOS:000259142800009 ER PT J AU Ross, D Brauer, D AF Ross, Diana Brauer, David TI RESEARCH NOTE Seasonal Patterns in Above Ground Growth and Nut Abortion in Young Eastern Black Walnut Trees SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is an excellent choice for agroforestry practices in the eastern United States because Of its value for Inns and timber. A better understanding of the seasonal growth pattern of black walnut may provide insights that will lead to improved management protocol,, for optimum tree and nut production. Monthly Variations in nut diameter, trunk diameter and tree height were followed For black walnuts located near Booneville. Arkansas. USA. Nut abortion was followed periodically front June to September No significant increase in either trunk diameter or tree height was observed after August during the growing season. Most nut abortion occurred before August. These results indicate that optimum nut and tree production will results from management protocols that promote early season growth C1 [Ross, Diana; Brauer, David] ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, 6883 Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 62 IS 4 BP 191 EP 193 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 369QL UT WOS:000260708900007 ER PT J AU Sun, G Liu, SR Zhang, ZQ Wei, XH AF Sun, Ge Liu, Shirong Zhang, Zhiqiang Wei, Xiaohua TI Forest hydrology in China: Introduction to the featured collection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 [Sun, Ge] USDA Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Chinese Acad Forestry, Beijing 10009, Peoples R China. Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. RP Sun, G (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Ge_Sun@ncsu.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1073 EP 1075 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00248.x PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 357RX UT WOS:000259865100002 ER PT J AU Wei, XH Sun, G Liu, SR Jiang, H Zhou, GY Dai, LM AF Wei, Xiaohua Sun, Ge Liu, Shirong Jiang, Hong Zhou, Guoyi Dai, Limin TI The forest-streamflow relationship in China: A 40-year retrospect SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE forestation; harvesting; streamflow; hydrology; paired watersheds; China ID WATER YIELD; LOESS-PLATEAU; UNITED-STATES; FOG-DRIP; CATCHMENT; IMPACTS; HYDROLOGY; RIVER; AFFORESTATION; OREGON AB The relationship between forests and streamflows has long been an important research interest in China. The purpose of this paper is to summarize progress and lessons learned from the forest-streamflow studies over the past four decades in China. To better measure the research gaps between China and other parts of the world, a brief global review on the findings from paired watershed studies over the past 100 years was also provided. In China, forest management shifted in the later 1990s from timber harvesting to forest restoration. Forest-streamflow research was accordingly changed from assessing harvesting impacts to evaluating both harvesting and forestation effects. Over the past four decades, Chinese forest hydrology research has grown substantially. Significant progress has been made on measuring individual processes, but little solid, long-term data were available to assess the relationship between forest changes and streamflows because of an absence of standard paired watersheds. In addition, misuse of statistical analyses was often found in the literature. A unique opportunity exists in China to study the forestation effects on streamflow as several large-scale forestation programs are being implemented. Such an opportunity should include a robust paired watershed design under an integrated watershed ecosystem framework to avoid repeating the lessons already learned. Recommendations on future forest-streamflow research directions in China are provided. C1 [Wei, Xiaohua] Univ British Columbia, Watershed Res Chair, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. USDA Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Forestry Coll, Int Ecol Res Ctr, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Prov, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol Res, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. RP Wei, XH (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Watershed Res Chair, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 3333 Univ Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. EM adam.wei@ubc.ca FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [C13HU]; China National Key Foundational Research and Development Plan Program [2002CB111504]; National Natural Science Foundation [30125036, 30590383, 39990490] FX This manuscript was prepared with support from The Overseas Scholar Funding Project from Chinese Academy of Sciences (C13HU), the China National Key Foundational Research and Development Plan Program (2002CB111504), and the National Natural Science Foundation (30125036, 30590383, and 39990490). We thank Mr. Hui Wang and Dr. Yuandong Zhang from Chinese Academy of Forestry in Beijing for conducting literature searching to calculate the publication numbers from 1950s to present. NR 55 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1076 EP 1085 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00237.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 357RX UT WOS:000259865100003 ER PT J AU Wang, SP Zhang, ZQ Sun, G McNulty, SG Zhang, HY Li, JL Zhang, ML AF Wang, Shengping Zhang, Zhiqiang Sun, Ge McNulty, Steven G. Zhang, Huayong Li, Jianlao Zhang, Manliang TI Long-term streamflow response to climatic variability in the Loess Plateau, China SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate variation; trend analysis; streamflow; Loess Plateau ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ANNUAL WATER YIELD; VEGETATION CHANGES; RIVER-BASIN; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SENSITIVITY; PRECIPITATION; HYDROLOGY; IMPACTS; RUNOFF AB The Loess Plateau region in northwestern China has experienced severe water resource shortages due to the combined impacts of climate and land use changes and water resource exploitation during the past decades. This study was designed to examine the impacts of climatic variability on streamflow characteristics of a 12-km(2) watershed near Tianshui City, Gansu Province in northwestern China. Statistic analytical methods including Kendall's trend test and stepwise regression were used to detect trends in relationship between observed streamflow and climatic variables. Sensitivity analysis based on an evapotranspiration model was used to detect quantitative hydrologic sensitivity to climatic variability. We found that precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (PET) and streamflow (Q) were not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05) over the study period between 1982 and 2003. Stepwise regression and sensitivity analysis all indicated that P was more influential than PET in affecting annual streamflow, but the similar relationship existed at the monthly scale. The sensitivity of streamflow response to variations of P and PET increased slightly with the increase in watershed dryness (PET /P) as well as the increase in runoff ratio (Q/P). This study concluded that future changes in climate, precipitation in particular, will significantly impact water resources in the Loess Plateau region an area that is already experiencing a decreasing trend in water yield. C1 [Wang, Shengping; Zhang, Zhiqiang] Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab Minist Educ Soil & Water Conservat & Dese, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven G.] USDA Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Zhang, Huayong] N China Elect Power Univ, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. [Li, Jianlao; Zhang, Manliang] Tianshui Soil & Water Conservat Expt Stn, Tianshui, Gansu Province, Peoples R China. RP Wang, SP (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab Minist Educ Soil & Water Conservat & Dese, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM Zhqzhang@bjfu.edu.cn FU China Key Basic Research Program; Influence and Control of Forest Vegetation Covers on Agricultural Ecological Environments in Western China' [2002CB111502]; China National Scientific and Technical Research Project for 11th Five Year Planning [2006BAD03A0202]; Southern Global Change Program (SGCP) FX Major support was from China Key Basic Research Program (973 Program) "Influence and Control of Forest Vegetation Covers on Agricultural Ecological Environments in Western China'' (2002CB111502) and China National Scientific and Technical Research Project for 11th Five Year Planning (Grant No. 2006BAD03A0202). Support was also provided by the Southern Global Change Program (SGCP), USDA Forest Service through an international collaboration program between Beijing Forestry University and SGCP. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1098 EP 1107 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00242.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 357RX UT WOS:000259865100005 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZQ Wang, SP Sun, G McNulty, SG Zhang, HY Li, JL Zhang, ML Klaghofer, E Strauss, P AF Zhang, Zhiqiang Wang, Shengping Sun, Ge McNulty, Steven G. Zhang, Huayong Li, Jianlao Zhang, Manliang Klaghofer, Eduard Strauss, Peter TI Evaluation of the MIKE SHE model for application in the Loess Plateau, China SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Loess Plateau; MIKE SHE; model calibration and validation; China ID SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; SYSTEME HYDROLOGIQUE EUROPEEN; EFFECTIVE PARAMETERS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; RIVER-BASIN; CATCHMENT; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; STREAMFLOW; SCALE AB Quantifying the hydrologic responses to land use /land cover change and climate variability is essential for integrated sustainable watershed management in water limited regions such as the Loess Plateau in Northwestern China where an adaptive watershed management approach is being implemented. Traditional empirical modeling approach to quantifying the accumulated hydrologic effects of watershed management is limited due to its complex nature of soil and water conservation practices (e. g., biological, structural, and agricultural measures) in the region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the distributed hydrologic model, MIKE SHE to simulate basin runoff. Streamflow data measured from an overland flow-dominant watershed (12 km(2)) in northwestern China were used for model evaluation. Model calibration and validation suggested that the model could capture the dominant runoff process of the small watershed. We found that the physically based model required calibration at appropriate scales and estimated model parameters were influenced by both temporal and spatial scales of input data. We concluded that the model was useful for understanding the rainfall-runoff mechanisms. However, more measured data with higher temporal resolution are needed to further test the model for regional applications. C1 [Zhang, Zhiqiang; Wang, Shengping] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven G.] USDA Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Zhang, Huayong] N China Elect Power Univ, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. [Li, Jianlao; Zhang, Manliang] Tianshui Soil & Water Conservat Expt Stn, Tianshui, Gansu Province, Peoples R China. [Klaghofer, Eduard; Strauss, Peter] Fed Agcy Water Management, Inst Land & Water Management Res, A-3252 Petzenkirchen, Austria. RP Zhang, ZQ (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM Zhqzhang@bjfu.edu.cn RI Strauss, Peter/I-2983-2015 OI Strauss, Peter/0000-0002-8693-9304 FU China Key Basic Research Program; Influence and Control of Forest Vegetation Covers on Agricultural Ecological Environments in Western China [2002CB111502]; China National Scientific and Technical Research Project for 11th Five Year Planning [2006BAD03A0202]; Southern Global Change Program (SGCP); USDA Forest Service FX Major support was from the China Key Basic Research Program (973 Program) "Influence and Control of Forest Vegetation Covers on Agricultural Ecological Environments in Western China'' (2002CB111502) and the China National Scientific and Technical Research Project for 11th Five Year Planning (Grant No. 2006BAD03A0202). Support was also provided by the Southern Global Change Program (SGCP), and the USDA Forest Service through an international collaboration program between Beijing Forestry University and SGCP. NR 57 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1108 EP 1120 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00244.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 357RX UT WOS:000259865100006 ER PT J AU Sun, G Zuo, CQ Liu, SY Liu, ML McNulty, SG Vose, JM AF Sun, Ge Zuo, Changqing Liu, Shiyu Liu, Mingliang McNulty, Steven G. Vose, James M. TI WATERSHED EVAPOTRANSPIRATION INCREASED DUE TO CHANGES INVEGETATION COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE UNDER A SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; forest hydrology; Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index; Southern China; streamflow ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION CHANGES; EUCALYPT FOREST; LOESS-PLATEAU; CATCHMENT; YIELD; CHINA; RESPONSES; TRANSPIRATION; AFFORESTATION AB Natural forests in southern China have been severely logged due to high human demand for timber, food, and fuels during the past century, but are recovering in the past decade. The objective of this study was to investigate how vegetation cover changes in composition and structure affected the water budgets of a 9.6-km(2) Dakeng watershed located in a humid subtropical mountainous region in southern China. We analyzed 27 years (i.e., 1967-1993) of streamflow and climate data and associated vegetation cover change in the watershed. Land use /land cover census and Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from remote sensing were used to construct historic land cover change patterns. We found that over the period of record, annual streamflow (Q) and runoff /precipitation ratio did not change significantly, nor did the climatic variables, including air temperature, Hamon's potential evapotranspiration (ET), pan evaporation, sunshine hours, and radiation. However, annual ET estimated as the differences between P and Q showed a statistically significant increasing trend. Overall, the NDVI of the watershed had a significant increasing trend in the peak spring growing season. This study concluded that watershed ecosystem ET increased as the vegetation cover shifted from low stock forests to shrub and grasslands that had higher ET rates. A conceptual model was developed for the study watershed to describe the vegetation cover-streamflow relationships during a 50-year time frame. This paper highlighted the importance of eco-physiologically based studies in understanding transitory, nonstationary effects of deforestation or forestation on watershed water balances. C1 [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven G.] USDA Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Zuo, Changqing] Jiangxi Acad Hydraul Sci, Nanchang, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shiyu] Jiangxi Agr Univ, Coll Land Resources & Environm, Nanchang, Peoples R China. [Liu, Mingliang] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Vose, James M.] USDA Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RI Liu, Mingliang/B-1361-2009 FU Southern Global Change Program; USDA Forest Service; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of Jianxi Province, China FX This study would not have been possible without the financial support by the Southern Global Change Program, USDA Forest Service, and the Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of Jianxi Province, China. We would like to acknowledge the earlier pioneers who conducted forest hydrological studies in Dakeng Watershed, especially Zengzhe Zhang, Yuxing Yang, Kangning He, Xinxiao Yu from Beijing Forestry University, and Mr. Jinqiu Hu and Liyi Lu from Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1164 EP 1175 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00241.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 357RX UT WOS:000259865100011 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Stanturf, J Lu, HQ AF Liu, Yongqiang Stanturf, John Lu, Houquan TI MODELING THE POTENTIAL OF THE NORTHERN CHINA FOREST SHELTERBELT IN IMPROVING HYDROCLIMATE CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE afforestation; hydrology; climate; northern China forest shelterbelt; regional climate modeling ID REGIONAL-CLIMATE MODEL; LAND-USE CHANGE; AMAZON DEFORESTATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES; WATER YIELD; VEGETATION CHANGES; COVER CHANGES; SIMULATION; IMPACTS AB The forest shelterbelt (afforestation) project in northern China is the most significant ecosystem project initiated in China during the past three decades. It aims to improve and conserve the ecological environment in the project areas. The tree belt stands along the southern edge of the sandy lands, nearly paralleling to the Great Wall. This study used a regional climate model to simulate the potential of improving regional hydroclimate conditions resulting from the afforestation project. Two simulations with preafforestation and postafforestation land cover were performed over East Asia from January 1987 to February 1988. The model resolution is 60 km. The differences between the two simulations suggest that the northern China forest shelterbelt project is likely to improve overall hydroclimate conditions by increasing precipitation, relative humidity, and soil moisture, and by reducing prevailing winds and air temperature. The effects are more significant in spring and summer than fall and winter. Changes in many hydrologic properties (e. g., evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and water yield), however, differ between the dry Northeast China and the moist Northeast China. The hydroclimate effects are also found in the surrounding areas, featured by noticeably moister conditions in the area south of the afforestation project. The results imply that the shelterbelt project would reduce water yield in afforested Northwest and North China during spring, but increase water yield in the afforested Northeast China as well as in the southern surrounding area, offset some greenhouse effects, and reduce the severity of dust storms. Possible improvements of this study by using actual afforestation data, modeling with higher resolution, longer integration and more detailed processes, and analyzing the physical mechanisms are discussed. C1 [Liu, Yongqiang] USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. China Meteorol Adm, Div Agrometeorol & Ecol, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yliu@fs.fed.us RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 FU USDA Forest Service; National Center for Atmospheric Research FX This study was supported by the USDA Forest Service. The meteorological data for driving the regional climate model were obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research. We would like to thank Dr. Yeong Dae Park, Seoul National University, for useful discussion and three reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 80 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1176 EP 1192 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00240.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 357RX UT WOS:000259865100012 ER PT J AU Simon, A Klimetz, L AF Simon, Andrew Klimetz, Lauren TI MAGNITUDE, FREQUENCY, AND DURATION RELATIONS FOR SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN STABLE ("REFERENCE") SOUTHEASTERN STREAMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; total maximum daily loads; ecoregion; channel stability; reference conditions ID ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; UNITED-STATES; DISCHARGE AB Sediment is listed as one of the leading causes of water-quality impairments in surface waters of the United States (U. S.). A water body becomes listed by a State, Territory or Tribe if its designated use is not being attained (i.e., impaired). In many cases, the prescribed designated use is aquatic health or habitat, indicating that total maximum daily loads (TMDL) targets for sediment should be functionally related to this use. TMDL targets for sediment transport have been developed for many ecoregions over the past several years using suspended-sediment yield as a metric. Target values were based on data from "reference'' streams or reaches, defined as those exhibiting geomorphic characteristics of equilibrium. This approach has proved useful to some states developing TMDLs for suspended sediment, although one cannot conclude that if a stream exceeds the target range, the aquatic ecosystem will be adversely impacted. To address this problem, historical flow-transport and sediment-transport data from hundreds of sites in the Southeastern U. S. were re-examined to develop parameters (metrics) such as frequency and duration of sediment concentrations. Sites determined as geomorphically stable from field evaluations and from analysis of gauging-station records were sorted by ecoregion. Mean-daily flow data obtained from the U. S. Geological Survey were applied to sediment-transport rating relations to determine suspended-sediment load for each day of record. The frequency and duration that a given concentration was equaled or exceeded were then calculated to produce a frequency distribution for each site. "Reference'' distributions were created using the stable sites in each ecoregion by averaging all of the distributions at specified exceedance intervals. As with the "reference'' suspended-sediment yields, there is a broad range of frequency and duration distributions that reflects the hydrologic and sediment-transport regimes of the ecoregions. Ecoregions such as the Mississippi Valley Loess Plains (#74) maintain high suspended sediment concentrations for extended periods, whereas coastal plain ecoregions (# 63 and 75) show much lower concentrations. C1 [Simon, Andrew] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Simon, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM asimon@ars.usda.gov FU U. S. EPA Region 4; USDA-ARS FX The authors express their sincere gratitude to the following people for valuable assistance in this project. To Molly Davis and James Greenfield of U. S. EPA Region 4 and the USDA-ARS for providing funding for this work, Eddy Langendoen for developing the macro to produce concentration durations from a combination of flow-transport and sediment-transport data, and Carlos Alonso for developing Figure 8. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1270 EP 1283 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00222.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 357RX UT WOS:000259865100017 ER PT J AU Prischmann, DA Dashiell, KE AF Prischmann, Deirdre A. Dashiell, Kenton E. TI Parasitism of Northern Corn Rootworms (Chrysomelidae: Diabrotica barberi) by Celatoria diabroticae (Tachinidae) in South Dakota: New Geographic Record SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLEOPTERA; DIPTERA C1 [Prischmann, Deirdre A.; Dashiell, Kenton E.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Area, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Prischmann, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Area, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Deirdre.Prischmann@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 81 IS 4 BP 392 EP 393 DI 10.2317/JKES-801.09.1 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 388XE UT WOS:000262052800009 ER PT J AU Liu, H Pemberton, RW AF Liu, Hong Pemberton, Robert W. TI Differential soil seed bank longevity of Paederia foetida L., an invasive woody vine, across three habitats in Florida SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; Paederia foetida; skunk vine; seed longevity; soil seed bank ID DYNAMICS; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT; ALIEN AB Liu, H. (University of Florida, IFAS, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33314) AND R. W. PEMBERTON (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33314). Differential soil seed bank longevity of an invasive woody vine (Paederia foetida L.) across three habitats in Florida. J. Torrey Bet. Sec. 135: 491-496. 2008.-Knowledge on seed bank longevity is especially important in understanding population dynamics of invasive species and critical in determining the intensity and length of control efforts. In this Study we determined the soil seed bank longevity of Paederia foetida across three main natural habitats that P. foetida occur in Florida (the interior of a mixed mesic forest, a forest edge, and an open grassland). A native of eastern Asia, P. foetida is invasive in natural and human created habitats in the southern United States and Hawaii. We placed multiple bags with known number of fruits (diaspores) in four stations on the soil surface in each habitat and retrieved the bags once a year for three years. Our data demonstrated that P. foetida forms a short term persistent seed bank and seeds may remain viable for more than one year in the soil seed bank. The decline of soil seed bank was significantly slower in the forest interior than in forest margin and grassland. In the forest interior, 38% of the seeds remained viable for one year, but only 2% remained viable in the forest edge and open grassland habitats. The percentages of viable seeds dropped to 4.7%, 0.4%, and 0% after two years in the soil seed banks in the forest interior, the forest edge, and the open habitat, respectively. After three years, only 0.3%, 0.1%, and 0% of seeds were found viable in these three habitats, respectively. Even though very small proportions of seeds survived three years, given that the annual fruit production of P. foetida is typically large and that it only takes a minimum of two viable seeds to start a new reproducing population for this self-incompatible species, we recommend post adult plant elimination monitoring for two years in open habitat, but up to four years in forest areas. C1 [Pemberton, Robert W.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Liu, Hong] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM Pemberton@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 135 IS 4 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.3159/08-RA-048R.1 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 384MB UT WOS:000261747800004 ER PT J AU Li, MH Robinson, EH Tucker, CS Oberle, DF Bosworth, BG AF Li, Menghe H. Robinson, Edwin H. Tucker, Craig S. Oberle, Daniel F. Bosworth, Brian G. TI Comparison of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, fed diets containing various levels of protein in production ponds SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BACKCROSS HYBRIDS; PROCESSING YIELD; BODY-COMPOSITION; GROWTH; RESISTANCE; 2ND-YEAR; STRAINS AB A comparative study was conducted on growth and protein requirements of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus. Four diets containing 24, 28, 32, or 36% protein were fed to both channel (initial weight 6.9 g/fish) and blue (6.6 g/fish) catfish for two growing seasons. There were significant interactions between dietary protein and fish species for weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). No significant differences were observed in weight gain of channel catfish fed various protein diets, whereas higher protein diets (32 and 36%) resulted in better weight gain in blue catfish than lower protein diets (24 and 28%). No consistent differences were observed in the FCR of channel catfish fed various levels of dietary protein, whereas significantly higher FCRs were noted in blue catfish fed the 24 and 28% protein diets compared with fish fed 32 and 36% protein diets. Regardless of dietary protein levels, blue catfish had higher carcass, nugget, and total meat yield, and higher fillet moisture and protein, but lower fillet yield and fillet fat. Regardless of fish species, fish fed the 36% protein diet had higher carcass, fillet, and total meat yield than fish fed the 28 and 32% protein diets, which in turn had higher yields than fish fed the 24% protein diet. It appears that blue catfish can be successfully cultured by feeding a 32% protein diet. C1 [Li, Menghe H.; Robinson, Edwin H.; Tucker, Craig S.; Oberle, Daniel F.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bosworth, Brian G.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. FU MAFES [MIS-371310] FX We thank Sandra Philips, Cliff Smith, and Penny Lucas for their assistance with fish processing and proximate analysis during the study. This manuscript is approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-11170 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University. This project was supported under MAFES Project No. MIS-371310. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 39 IS 5 BP 646 EP 655 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00200.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 350YX UT WOS:000259390900007 ER PT J AU Kirch, BH Aiken, GE Spiers, DE AF Kirch, Brett H. Aiken, Glen E. Spiers, Donald E. TI Temperature influences upon vascular dynamics in cattle measured by Doppler ultrasonography SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cold stress; Heat stress; Doppler ultrasound; Cattle ID DOGS CUTANEOUS VEINS; BLOOD-FLOW; ULTRASOUND; RESPONSES AB 1. Doppler-image ultrasonography Was used to document vascular changes and blood flow rates of cattle (BOS taurus) under hot (32.7 degrees C) and cold (8.1 degrees C) conditions for 24 h. 2. Blood flow rates in the caudal artery increased from 27.8 (-2 h) to 43.4 mL/min at 23 h when cattle were maintained at 32.7 degrees C. 3. Cattle at 8.1 degrees C showed lower caudal artery flow rates after 23 h (29.3 at -2 h to 13.8 mL/min at 23 h), following a rate increase after the challenge. 4. The ability of Doppler-image ultrasound to detect vascular changes due to ambient temperature demonstrates its use as a non-invasive tool for assessing environmental stress on hemodynamics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kirch, Brett H.; Aiken, Glen E.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, ForageAnim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Spiers, Donald E.] Univ Missouri, Anim Sci Res Ctr 114, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kirch, BH (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, ForageAnim Prod Res Unit, N220 Ag Sci N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM brett.kirch@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 33 IS 7 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2008.06.003 PG 5 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 357YY UT WOS:000259884400001 ER PT J AU Yu, HQ Jiang, ZH Hse, CY Shupe, TF AF Yu, H. Q. Jiang, Z. H. Hse, C. Y. Shupe, T. F. TI SELECTED PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MOSO BAMBOO (PHYLLOSTACHYS PUBESCENS) SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Relative density; shrinkage; tensile modulus of elasticity; tensile strength AB Selected physical and mechanical properties of 4-6 year old moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) grown in Zhejiang, China were investigated at different vertical and horizontal positions. Two way analysis of variance and Tukey's mean comparison tests indicated that layer had effects on all physical and mechanical properties. Height had effects on all selected properties except for tensile strength. Relative density, tangential shrinkage, tensile modulus of elasticity (MOE) and tensile strength of bamboo increased greatly from the inner layer outwards. However, longitudinal shrinkage decreased greatly from the inner layer outwards. Relative density, tangential shrinkage and tensile MOE at 1.3 m were less than those at 4.0 m from the base. C1 [Yu, H. Q.; Jiang, Z. H.] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Hse, C. Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Alexandria, LA 71360 USA. [Shupe, T. F.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Yu, HQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. EM tshupe@agcenter.lsu.edu FU "China's Tenth FiveYear Program" [2001BA506B]; "The 948 NIR Program" of the Chinese National Forestry Bureau FX This work was supported by "China's Tenth FiveYear Program" (2001BA506B) and "The 948 NIR Program" of the Chinese National Forestry Bureau. The authors thank B. H. Fei and H. Q Ren for helpful comments on this paper. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU FOREST RESEARCH INST MALAYSIA PI KUALA LUMPUR PA PUBLICATION UNIT, KEPONG, KUALA LUMPUR 52109, MALAYSIA SN 0128-1283 J9 J TROP FOR SCI JI J. Trop. For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 SI SI BP 258 EP 263 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 370ZU UT WOS:000260802400005 ER PT J AU Inoue, M Sekino, N Morooka, T Rowell, RM Norimoto, M AF Inoue, M. Sekino, N. Morooka, T. Rowell, R. M. Norimoto, M. TI FIXATION OF COMPRESSIVE DEFORMATION IN WOOD BY PRE-STEAMING SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Set recovery; SEM; visco-elastic properties ID MELAMINE-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN AB Wood block specimens pre-steamed at 120-220 degrees C for 5-20 min were compressed in the radial direction. The recovery of set decreased with increasing pre-steaming temperature and time. The reduction of set recovery correlated with the amount of weight loss in steaming irrespective of pre-steaming temperature and time. The weight loss for the highest level of fixation of compressive deformation was about 7.5% that was obtained by pre-steaming at 210-220 degrees C for 10 min. Moreover, the set recovery of the pre-steamed specimen decreased as pressing temperature and time increased. The coin pressibility of wood block increased with increasing pre-steaming temperature and time. Large transverse compression and stress relaxation tests showed that Young's modulus and yield stresses were reduced while the stress relaxation magnitude was increased by more severe pre-steaming condition. Scanning electron micrographs showed some cell structure destruction at large deformations in specimens steamed at above 180 degrees C. This suggests that the wood becomes brittle due to steaming. Creep test data indicate that fluidity decreased with increasing steaming time and temperature. Pre-steamfixation of compressive deformation is due to degradation of the microfibril framework, as well as the viscous flow of the matrix components resulting from the scission of their cross-linked network. C1 [Rowell, R. M.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Inoue, M.] Univ Tokyo, Asian Nat Environm Sci Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Sekino, N.] Iwate Univ, Fac Agr, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. [Morooka, T.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Norimoto, M.] Doshisha Univ, Fac Engn, Kyoto 6100394, Japan. RP Rowell, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM rmrowell@wisc.edu NR 10 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST RESEARCH INST MALAYSIA PI KUALA LUMPUR PA PUBLICATION UNIT, KEPONG, KUALA LUMPUR 52109, MALAYSIA SN 0128-1283 J9 J TROP FOR SCI JI J. Trop. For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 SI SI BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 370ZU UT WOS:000260802400007 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Jung, K Jadhao, SJ Suarez, DL AF Lee, C. -W. Jung, K. Jadhao, S. J. Suarez, D. L. TI Evaluation of chicken-origin (DF-1) and quail-origin (QT-6) fibroblast cell lines for replication of avian influenza viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE QT-6 cell; DF-1 cell; avian influenza virus ID JAPANESE-QUAIL; A VIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; MDCK; HEMAGGLUTININ; ADAPTATION; SELECTION; CULTURE; VERO; PCR AB Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are isolated routinely and propagated in specific pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) and mammalian origin Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line. Continuous avian cell lines offer advantages for propagation of AIVs over MDCK cells because they maintain species specificity, and lower recurring costs compared to ECE. In this study, the characteristics of two avian fibroblast cell lines were evaluated, DF-1 (chicken-origin) and QT-6 (quail-origin), and their ability to support the growth of AIVs (n = 19) belonging to nine different hemagglutinin subtypes from a variety of avian species. The replication efficiency of the AIVs; in QT-6 and DF-1 cells was comparable to those in primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) and MDCK cells. Receptor distribution analysis demonstrated high prevalence of SA alpha 2,3-gal linked receptors in QT-6 and DF-1 cells which support a high growth of AIVs in these cell lines. Furthermore, the QT-6 and DF-1 cells supported high plaque-forming ability of representative highly pathogenic Eurasian H5N1 and H7N1 subtype AIVs. These two avian cell lines, especially QT-6 cells, also showed high transfection efficiency and could be useful for reverse genetics based rescue of AIVs. This study indicates that the DF-1 and QT-6 cell lines may be useful as a substitute for primary CEF and MDCK cells for AN research in the areas of in vitro host range, molecular pathobiology and molecular genetics. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, C. -W.; Jung, K.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Lee, C. -W.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jadhao, S. J.; Suarez, D. L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM lee.2854@osu.edu FU Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Research Enhancement Competitive Grants Program FX The authors would like to thank Megan Strother, Keumsuk Hong and Ethan Horst for technical assistance with this work. This work was supported in part by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Research Enhancement Competitive Grants Program. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 2008 VL 153 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.06.019 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 350GH UT WOS:000259340200004 PM 18638503 ER PT J AU Stanton, JB Knowles, DP O'Rourke, KI Herrmann-Hoesing, LM Mathison, BA Baszler, TV AF Stanton, James B. Knowles, Donald P. O'Rourke, Katherine I. Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. Mathison, Bruce A. Baszler, Timothy V. TI Small-Ruminant Lentivirus Enhances PrPSc Accumulation in Cultured Sheep Microglial Cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CELLULAR PRION PROTEIN; ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; CHRONIC-WASTING-DISEASE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MURINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; IN-VITRO AB Sheep scrapie is the prototypical transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (prion disease), which has a fundamental pathogenesis involving conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPC [C superscript stands for cellular]) to disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc [Sc superscript stands for sheep scrapie]). Sheep microglial cell cultures, derived from a prnp 136VV/171QQ near-term fetal brain, were developed to study sheep scrapie in the natural host and to investigate potential cofactors in the prion conversion process. Two culture systems, a primary cell culture and a cell line transformed with the large T antigen of simian virus 40, were developed, and both were identified as microglial in origin as indicated by expression of several microglial phenotype markers. Following exposure to PrPSc, sheep microglial cells demonstrated relatively low levels (transformed cell line) to high levels (primary cell line) of PrPSc accumulation over time. The accumulated PrPSc demonstrated protease resistance, an inferred beta-sheet conformation (as determined by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), specific inhibition by anti-PrP antibodies, and was transmissible in a dose-dependent manner. Primary microglia coinfected with a small-ruminant lentivirus (caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-Cork strain) and PrPSc demonstrated an approximately twofold increase in PrPSc accumulation compared to that of primary microglia infected with PrPSc alone. The results demonstrate the in vitro utility of PrPSc-permissive sheep microglial cells in investigating the biology of natural prion diseases and show that small-ruminant lentiviruses enhance prion conversion in cultured sheep microglia. C1 [Stanton, James B.; Knowles, Donald P.; O'Rourke, Katherine I.; Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; Mathison, Bruce A.; Baszler, Timothy V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.; O'Rourke, Katherine I.; Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Baszler, TV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM baszlert@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Stanton, James/A-5277-2011 OI Stanton, James/0000-0002-7661-2631 FU NIH [K08 AI064729]; USDA/ARS specific cooperative [58-5348-577] FX This work was supported by NIH grant K08 AI064729 and USDA/ ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-5348-577.; We thank Didier Vilette for permission to use the Rov9 cells, Byron Caughey for supplying the Rov9 cells and methods for culturing Rov9 cells, and Dongyue Zhuang for assistance with the phosphotungstic acid precipitation and immunoblotting. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 82 IS 20 BP 9839 EP 9847 DI 10.1128/JVI.01137-08 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 361EA UT WOS:000260109100004 PM 18684809 ER PT J AU Laegreid, WW Clawson, ML Heaton, MP Green, BT O'Rourke, KI Knowles, DP AF Laegreid, W. W. Clawson, M. L. Heaton, M. P. Green, B. T. O'Rourke, K. I. Knowles, D. P. TI Scrapie Resistance in ARQ Sheep SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRION PROTEIN; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; PRP GENOTYPES; US SHEEP; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POLYMORPHISMS; SUFFOLK AB Variation in the ovine prion protein amino acid sequence influences scrapie progression, with sheep homozygous for A(136)R(154)Q(171) considered susceptible. This study examined the association of survival time of scrapie-exposed ARQ sheep with variation elsewhere in the ovine prion gene. Four single nucleotide polymorphism alleles were associated with prolonged survival. One nonsynonymous allele (T112) was associated with an additional 687 days of survival for scrapie-exposed sheep compared to M112 sheep (odds ratio, 42.5; P = 0.00014). The only two sheep homozygous for T112 (TARQ) did not develop scrapie, suggesting that the allelic effect may be additive. These results provide evidence that TARQ sheep are genetically resistant to development of classical scrapie. C1 [Laegreid, W. W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Clawson, M. L.; Heaton, M. P.] ARS, Anim Hlth Res Unit, Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Green, B. T.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [O'Rourke, K. I.; Knowles, D. P.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Laegreid, WW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Pathobiol, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. EM laegreid@uiuc.edu OI Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390 FU USDA National Research Initiative [2005-35212-15890]; Agricultural Research Service; DARPA project [5438-32000-023-01R] FX We thank Tammy Sorensen, Gennie Schuller-Chavez, Renee Godtel, Bob Lee, Steve Simcox, and Jacky Carnahan for technical assistance and sequencing support; Bucky Herman, Phil Anderson, Jim Wray, and Randy Bradley for database support; and Joan Rosch for administrative support.; This research was supported by the USDA National Research Initiative, competitive grant no. 2005-35212-15890, and the Agricultural Research Service. B. T. Green was partially supported by DARPA project 5438-32000-023-01R. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 82 IS 20 BP 10318 EP 10320 DI 10.1128/JVI.00710-08 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 361EA UT WOS:000260109100049 PM 18632863 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Goyal, SM Paul, WJ Newton, WE AF Mech, L. David Goyal, Sagar M. Paul, William J. Newton, Wesley E. TI DEMOGRAPHIC EFFECTS OF CANINE PARVOVIRUS ON A FREE-RANGING WOLF POPULATION OVER 30 YEARS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Canine parvovirus (CPV); demography; dispersal; population; wolf ID MINNESOTA; WOLVES; INFECTION; DISTEMPER; LUPUS; FECES; DOG AB We followed the course of canine parvovirus (CPV) antibody prevalence in a subpopulation of wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota from 1973, when antibodies were first detected, through 2004. Annual early pup survival was reduced by 70%, and wolf population change was related to CPV antibody prevalence. In the greater Minnesota population of 3,000 wolves, pup survival wits reduced by 40-60%. This reduction limited the Minnesota wolf population rate of increase to about 4% per year compared with increases of 16-58% in other populations. Because it is young wolves that disperse, reduced pup survival may have caused reduced dispersal and reduced recolonization of new range in Minnesota. C1 [Goyal, Sagar M.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Paul, William J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. APHIS Wildlife Serv, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM david_mech@usgs.gov FU Biological Resources Discipline; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; North Central Experiment Station; Superior National Forest; US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services; Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory FX This study was funded by the Biological Resources Discipline of the US Geological Survey; the US Fish and Wildlife Service, North Central Experiment Station, the Superior National Forest; the US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services; and the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. We thank numerous wildlife technicians and wildlife biologists for assisted with the wolf captures and handling; numerous private and US Department of Agriculture Forest Service pilots for safe and skillful flying; and S. K. Hietala, M. E. Nelson, and D. W. Smith for critiquing the manuscript and offering numerous helpful suggestions for improvement. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 824 EP 836 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 370ZL UT WOS:000260801500004 PM 18957638 ER PT J AU Cantu, A Ortega, JA Mosqueda, J Garcia-Vazquez, Z Henke, SE George, JE AF Cantu, Antonio Ortega-S., J. Alfonso Mosqueda, Juan Garcia-Vazquez, Zeferino Henke, Scott E. George, John E. TI Prevalence of Infectious Agents in Free-ranging White-tailed Deer in Northeastern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV); brucellosis; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR); leptospirosis; Odocoileus virginianus; prevalence; white-tailed deer ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; BOVINE-RHINOTRACHEITIS; DISEASE AGENTS; LEPTOSPIRA; ANTIBODIES; PARAINFLUENZA-3; BRUCELLOSIS; MINNESOTA; MULE AB The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antibodies against brucellosis, leptospirosis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern Mexico. Deer (n=521) were captured from helicopter using a netgun on 15 ranches covering 62,114 ha in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas during spring 2004. The prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, BVDV, and brucellosis were 5.6, 41.1, 63.5, and 0%, respectively, indicating that white-tailed deer and cattle may share disease agents when cohabiting in northeastern Mexico. C1 [Ortega-S., J. Alfonso; Henke, Scott E.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Cantu, Antonio] INIFAP, Ctr Invest Reg Noreste, Aldama 89670, Tamaulipas, Mexico. [Mosqueda, Juan; Garcia-Vazquez, Zeferino] INIFAP Carr Fed Cuernavaca Cuautla, Ctr Nacl Invest Disciplinaria Parasicol Vet, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. [George, John E.] Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Ortega, JA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, MSC 218,700 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM poncho.ortega@tamuk.edu NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1002 EP 1007 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 370ZL UT WOS:000260801500025 PM 18957659 ER PT J AU Sterner, RT Sun, B Bourassa, JB Hale, RL Shwiff, SA Jay, MT Slate, D AF Sterner, Ray T. Sun, Ben Bourassa, Jean B. Hale, Robert L. Shwiff, Stephanie A. Jay, Michele T. Slate, Dennis TI Skunk Rabies in California (1992-2003)-Implications for Oral Rabies Vaccination SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE California; epizootic; GIS; oral vaccination; rabies; skunks; spatiotemporal pattern; strategy; wildlife ID FOXES; IMMUNIZATION; WILDLIFE AB Skunk-variant rabies is endemic in California (United States), and the development of oral vaccines and baits to vaccinate skunks is in progress. In 2003, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) began to quanti, the impacts of skunk-variant rabies and to assess the feasibility of rising oral rabies vaccination (ORV) as a containment measure. The CDPH rabies case data for skunks were spatially depicted and analyzed using a geographic information system. Statewide, rabid skunks (1992-2003) primarily occurred in seven physiographic regions: Central Coast, North Coast, North Sierra, Sacramento Valley, San Francisco Bay and Delta, San Joaquin Valley, and South Sierra. Detailed analysis of rabid skunks in San Luis Obispo (SLO) and Santa Barbara (SB) counties showed that skunk rabies was endemic in the coastal plain of SLO County between 1992 and 2000, but only became epizootic in SB County during 2002. Despite the widespread distribution of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) throughout most of California, the skunk rabies variant has not been found in Los Angeles County since 1979. Results imply that future ORV campaigns for skunk-variant rabies in the Pacific Coastal Plain could deter spread from SLO into SB Count),, as well as deterring the reintroduction of skunk-variant rabies into southern California. C1 [Sterner, Ray T.; Bourassa, Jean B.; Shwiff, Stephanie A.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Sun, Ben; Jay, Michele T.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Vet Publ Hlth Sect, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA. [Hale, Robert L.] USDA, APHIS WS, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. [Slate, Dennis] USDA, APHIS WS, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Sterner, RT (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Ray.T.Sterner@aphis.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1008 EP 1013 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 370ZL UT WOS:000260801500026 PM 18957660 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Palmer, MV Kunkle, RA AF Hamir, Amir N. Palmer, Mitchell V. Kunkle, Robert A. TI Wasting and Neurologic Signs in a White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) not Associated with Abnormal Prion Protein SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cerebrovascular mineralization; neuronal vacuolation; white-tailed deer ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; INTRACEREBRAL INOCULATION; NEURONAL VACUOLATION; DISEASE AGENT; MULE DEER; CATTLE; TRANSMISSION AB A captive adult male white-tailed deer (Odocoilens virginianus) with wasting and neurologic signs similar to chronic wasting disease (CWD) was evaluated by histopathology, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for disease-associated prion protein PrPd). On histologic examination, the brain-stem had areas of vacuolation in neuropil and extensive multifocal mineralization of blood vessels with occasional occlusion of the lumen. Some of the clinical and pathologic features of this case were similar to the CWD of white-tailed deer. However, the tissues were negative for PrPd by IHC. Because the lesions were more prominent in the obex region of the brainstem, it is speculated that this would have resulted in clinical signs similar to CWD in white-tailed deer. To our knowledge, neither cerebrovascular mineralization nor clinicopathologic changes resembling CWD have previously been described in white-tailed deer without the presence of PrPd. Such a case should be considered in a differential diagnosis of CWD of white-tailed deer. C1 [Hamir, Amir N.; Palmer, Mitchell V.; Kunkle, Robert A.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Amir.Hamir@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture FX The authors thank K. I. O'Rourke for providing the antibody for IHC and J.Fossi for the photomicrographs. M. Church, D. Orcutt, J. Lesan, S. Van Roekel, G. Montgomery, M. Fenneman, and the TSE animal caretakers provided expert technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely For the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1045 EP 1050 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 370ZL UT WOS:000260801500032 PM 18957666 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Riitters, KH Wade, TG Homer, C AF Wickham, James D. Riitters, Kurt H. Wade, Timothy G. Homer, Collin TI Temporal change in fragmentation of continental US forests SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE change detection; cumulative impacts; forest edge; forest loss; land cover; scale ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; NEW-ENGLAND; NUTRIENT; SCALE; COMPLETION; LANDSCAPES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; CLIMATE AB Changes in forest ecosystem function and condition arise from changes in forest fragmentation. Previous studies estimated forest fragmentation for the continental United States (US). In this study, new temporal land-cover data from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) were used to estimate changes in forest fragmentation at multiple scales for the continental US. Early and late dates for the land-cover change data were ca. 1992 and ca. 2001. Forest density was used as a multi-scale index of fragmentation by measuring the proportion of forest in neighborhoods ranging in size from 2.25 to 5314.41 ha. The multi-scale forest density maps were classified using thresholds of 40% (patch), 60% (dominant), and 90% (interior) to analyze temporal change of fragmentation. The loss of dominant and interior forest showed distinct scale effects, whereas loss of patch forest was much less scale-dependent. Dominant forest loss doubled from the smallest to the largest spatial scale, while interior forest loss increased by approximately 80% from the smallest to the second largest spatial scale, then decreased somewhat. At the largest spatial scale, losses of dominant and interior forest were 5 and 10%, respectively, of their ca. 1992 amounts. In contrast, patch forest loss increased by only 25% from the smallest to largest spatial scale. These results indicate that continental US forests were sensitive to forest loss because of their already fragmented state. Forest loss would have had to occur in an unlikely spatial pattern in order to avoid the proportionately greater impact on dominant and interior forest at larger spatial scales. C1 [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US Environm Protect Agcy E243 05, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Homer, Collin] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resource Observat Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy E243 05, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Office of Research and Development (ORD) FX The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded and performed the research described. This manuscript has been subjected to the EPA's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 891 EP 898 DI 10.1007/s10980-008-9258-z PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 352FU UT WOS:000259481900002 ER PT J AU James, AI Eldridge, DJ Koen, TB Whitford, WG AF James, Alex I. Eldridge, David J. Koen, Terry B. Whitford, Walter G. TI Landscape position moderates how ant nests affect hydrology and soil chemistry across a Chihuahuan Desert watershed SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infiltration; macropores; soil nutrients; landscape scale; sorptivity ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; POGONOMYRMEX-RUGOSUS NESTS; HARVESTER ANTS; MOJAVE DESERT; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; COMMUNITY; TERMITES; MINERALIZATION; AVAILABILITY; PERMEAMETERS AB Ants moderate the supply of critical resources such as water and nutrients in desert environments by changing the physical arrangement of soils during nest construction. We measured water infiltration and soil physical and chemical properties on and off the nests of two ant species (Pogonomyrmex rugosus, Aphaenogaster cockerelli) across five sites at differing landscape positions within a Chihuahuan Desert watershed. Our aim was to test whether the effects of these long-lived ant nests on water infiltration and soil chemistry varied between ant species or across sites within a watershed. Water flow was generally slowest at the site with the highest silt and clay contents, and fastest at the site with sandy soils. Flow was generally greater through ant nest soils than adjacent non-nest soils, and we attribute this to increases in macropores in the nests. However, the effects of both ant nests and species varied among sites. Despite wide variation in soil chemical properties across all sites, ant nests had a consistent effect on soil chemical properties, with higher levels of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and electrical conductivity on nests compared with non-nest soils. Our results demonstrate that while we can generalise about the effects of ant nests on water flow and nutrient levels, differences in soil type, nest density and ant species across sites are likely to moderate these effects. C1 [Eldridge, David J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Dept Environm & Climate Change, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Koen, Terry B.] Dept Environm & Climate Change, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia. [Whitford, Walter G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP James, AI (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Dept Environm & Climate Change, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM a.james@student.unsw.edu.au; d.eldridge@unsw.edu.au; Terry.Koen@dnr.nsw.gov.au; wawhitfo@nmsu.edu NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 961 EP 975 DI 10.1007/s10980-008-9251-6 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 352FU UT WOS:000259481900007 ER PT J AU Bantchev, G Biresaw, G AF Bantchev, Grigor Biresaw, Girma TI Elastohydrodynamic study of vegetable oil-polyalphaolefin blends SO LUBRICATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication; lubricant film thickness; polyalphaolefin; pressure-viscosity coefficient; temperature dependence; vegetable oil ID LUBRICANT; VISCOSITY; MIXTURES; FRICTION AB Two polyalphaolefins, of higher and lower viscosity than vegetable oils, were used to make binary blends of varying compositions with soy bean and canola oils. The pure oils and the blends were used in viscosity and film thickness investigations. The effects of composition and temperature on viscosity were found to agree well with the theoretical predictions of a simple mixing law. The film thicknesses of the various blends under elastohydrodynamic conditions were measured at 20 N load, and varying entrainment speeds and temperatures. From the data, pressure-viscosity coefficients, alpha, as a function composition and temperature were obtained. The resulting alpha values were compared with theoretical predictions. Experimental values of alpha as a function of composition showed a slight negative or no deviation from the values predicted by an ideal mixing model. On the other hand, experimental values of alpha displayed a mild decrease with increasing temperature, while the model predicted a sharp decrease with increasing temperature. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bantchev, Grigor; Biresaw, Girma] ARS, USDA, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bantchev, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Grigor.Bantchev@ars.usda.gov OI Bantchev, Grigor/0000-0003-2790-5195 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0954-0075 J9 LUBR SCI JI Lubr. Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 283 EP 297 DI 10.1002/ls.64 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 464VF UT WOS:000267535300002 ER PT J AU Hamady, ZZR Farrar, MD Whitehead, TR Holland, KT Lodge, JPA Carding, SR AF Hamady, Zaed Z. R. Farrar, Mark D. Whitehead, Terence R. Holland, Keith T. Lodge, J. Peter A. Carding, Simon R. TI Identification and use of the putative Bacteroides ovatus xylanase promoter for the inducible production of recombinant human proteins SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE MURINE INTERLEUKIN-2; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; COMMENSAL BACTERIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENES; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; LACTIS; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCES AB The use of genetically modified bacteria to deliver biologically active molecules directly to the gut has become an increasingly attractive area of investigation. The challenge of regulation of production of the therapeutic molecule and colonization of the bowel led us to investigate Bacteroides ovatus for the production of these molecules, due to its ability to colonize the colon and xylan utilization properties. Here we have identified the putative xylanase promoter. The 5' region of the corresponding mRNA was determined by 5'RACE analysis and the transcription initiation site was identified 216 bp upstream of the ATG start codon. The putative xylanase promoter was regulated by xylan in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and repressed by glucose. This promoter was subsequently used to direct the controlled expression of a gene encoding the human intestinal trefoil factor (TFF-3) after integration as a single copy into the chromosome of B. ovatus. The resulting strain produced biologically active TFF-3 in the presence of xylan. These findings identify the B. ovatus xylanase operon promoter and show that it can be utilized to direct xylan-inducible expression of heterologous eukaryotic genes in B. ovatus. C1 [Hamady, Zaed Z. R.; Farrar, Mark D.; Holland, Keith T.; Carding, Simon R.] Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Whitehead, Terence R.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Lodge, J. Peter A.] Univ Leeds, Fac Med & Hlth, Sch Med, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Carding, SR (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM Simon.Carding@BBSRC.ac.uk RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; Farrar, Mark/D-4480-2013; OI Farrar, Mark/0000-0001-8602-7279; Carding, Simon/0000-0002-2383-9701 FU British journal of Surgery, the Medical Research Council [G0600431]; Royal College of Surgeons of England FX This work was supported by grants from the British journal of Surgery, the Medical Research Council (grant no. G0600431), and the Royal College of Surgeons of England. We thank Dr Laurie Comstock for providing the xylE containing plasmid, pLEC23. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD OCT PY 2008 VL 154 BP 3165 EP 3174 DI 10.1099/mic.0.2008/019109-0 PN 10 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 366IN UT WOS:000260474300027 PM 18832322 ER PT J AU Deng, XL Chen, JC Li, HP AF Deng, Xiaoling Chen, Jianchi Li, Huaping TI Sequestering from host and characterization of sequence of a ribosomal RNA operon (rrn) from "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'' SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Citrus Huanglongbing; Yellow shoot disease; Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus; rrn operon; Primer walking ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS C58; GREENING DISEASE; CITRUS; BACTERIUM; GENOME; GENES AB A 5005 bp rrn DNA sequence of "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'' was obtained by PCR using primers conserved to Rhizobiaceae of alpha-proteobacteria. The rrn locus consisted of a 16S rRNA gene (rrs), an intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) containing two genes of tRNA(Ile) and tRNA(Ala), a 23S rRNA gene (rrl), an ITS without tRNA gene and a 5S rRNA gene (rrf). Like rrs, rrl and rrf were also related (89-90%) to those of the members of Rhizobiaceae. Interestingly, the genes of tRNAIle and tRNAAla were more related to those of non-Rhizobiaceae alpha-proteobacteria. The non-tRNA gene regions of the 16S-23S ITS and 23S-5S rRNA ITS did not share significant similarity to any known non-Liberibacter DNA sequences, and could be used for specific and efficient detection of "Ca. L. asiaticus''. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chen, Jianchi] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. [Deng, Xiaoling; Li, Huaping] S China Agr Univ, Lab Citrus Huanglongbing Res, Dept Plant Pathol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Chen, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA USA. EM jianchi.chen@usda.ars.gov; huaping@scau.edu.cn NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 338 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2008.09.002 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 420UP UT WOS:000264315000013 PM 18955129 ER PT J AU Paris, MK Zalapa, JE McCreight, JD Staub, JE AF Paris, Miriam K. Zalapa, Juan E. McCreight, James D. Staub, Jack E. TI Genetic dissection of fruit quality components in melon (Cucumis melo L.) using a RIL population derived from exotic x elite US Western Shipping germplasm SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE composite interval mapping; Cucumis melo; fruit shape; quantitative trait loci (QTL); soluble solids; unadapted germplasm ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; LINKAGE MAP; RESISTANCE; MARKERS; MUSKMELON; YIELD; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION AB Growing environment dramatically influences melon (Cucumis melo L.; 2n = 2x = 24) fruit development and quality. Consequently, the characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling melon fruit quality for application in marker-assisted selection (MAS) requires an assessment of genotype by environmental interactions, trait correlations, and QTL efficacy. Therefore, fruit quality traits [soluble solids content (SSC), mesocarp pressure (MP), fruit diameter (mesocarp + exocarp; FD), seed cavity diameter (endocarp; SCD), seed cavity to FD ratio (C:D), fruit shape (FS), and percentage of exocarp netting (PN) at time of harvest] were examined in 81 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) at two growing locations (California. and Wisconsin, USA) to identify the map position and consistency of QTL for MAS in a Group Cantalupensis U.S. Western Shipping market type background. RIL developed from a cross between U.S. Department of Agriculture line USDA-846-1 and 'Top Mark' were used to identify 57 QTL in both location tested (SSC = 10, MP = 8, FD = 6, SCD = 9, C:D = 8, PN = 6, and FS = 10). The QTL were distributed across 12 linkage groups and explained a significant portion of the associated phenotypic variation (R(2) = 4-29%). Twelve of such QTL were consistently identified in the two locations tested [SSC (ssc7.4 and ssc10.8), MP (mp7.2, mp10.3, and mplg7.5), SCD (scd1.1, scd5.4, and scd8.5), C:D (cd2.1), and PN (pn2.1), FS (fs1.1 and fs2.3)]. The map positions of 18 QTL (FS = 7, SSC = 6, C:D = 3, SCD = 1, and PN = 1) were in equivalent (i.e., collinear) genomic regions with previous studies in Group Inodorus-based maps. Six of the collinear QTL were detected in both locations in our study (ssc7.4, ssc10.8, fs1.1, fs2.3, pn2.1, and scd5.4). The collinearity of these QTL with those identified in other maps, and their consistency across diverse growing environments portends their broad applicability in melon MAS. C1 [Paris, Miriam K.; Zalapa, Juan E.; Staub, Jack E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McCreight, James D.] Agr Res Stn, ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Zalapa, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jezalapa@wisc.edu NR 40 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 405 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s11032-008-9185-3 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 340PJ UT WOS:000258657200008 ER PT J AU Jakse, J Meyer, JDF Suzuki, G McCallum, J Cheung, F Town, CD Havey, MJ AF Jakse, Jernej Meyer, Jenelle D. F. Suzuki, Go McCallum, John Cheung, Foo Town, Christopher D. Havey, Michael J. TI Pilot sequencing of onion genomic DNA reveals fragments of transposable elements, low gene densities, and significant gene enrichment after methyl filtration SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE bacterial artificial chromosome; reduced representation; retrovirus; transposon ID MAIZE GENOME; ALLIUM; EVOLUTION; CEPA; RETROTRANSPOSONS; CLONES AB Sequencing of the onion (Allium cepa) genome is challenging because it has one of the largest nuclear genomes among cultivated plants. We undertook pilot sequencing of onion genomic DNA to estimate gene densities and investigate the nature and distribution of repetitive DNAs. Complete sequences from two onion BACs were AT rich (64.8%) and revealed long tracts of degenerated retroviral elements and transposons, similar to other larger plant genomes. Random BACs were end sequenced and only 3 of 460 ends showed significant (e < -25) non-organellar hits to the protein databases. The BAC-end sequences were AT rich (63.4%), similar to the completely sequenced BACs. A total of 499,997 bp of onion genomic DNA yielded an estimated mean density of one gene per 168 kb, among the lowest reported to date. Methyl filtration was highly effective relative to random shotgun reads in reducing frequencies of anonymous sequences from 82 to 55% and increasing non-organellar protein hits from 4 to 42%. Our results revealed no evidence for gene-dense regions and indicated that sequencing of methyl-filtered genomic fragments should be an efficient approach to reveal genic sequences in the onion genome. C1 [Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jakse, Jernej] Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Agron, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Suzuki, Go] Osaka Kyoiku Univ, Div Nat Sci, Plant Mol Genet Lab, Osaka 5828582, Japan. [McCallum, John] Crop & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Cheung, Foo; Town, Christopher D.] Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu OI Jakse, Jernej/0000-0002-8907-1627 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2001-52100-11344]; Fulbright-Hayes Post-doctoral Fellowship FX This work was completed in compliance with the current laws governing genetic experimentation in Japan, New Zealand, and USA and was supported by the Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems Grant no. 2001-52100-11344 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service and a Fulbright-Hayes Post-doctoral Fellowship to JJ. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 280 IS 4 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s00438-008-0364-z PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 344CE UT WOS:000258902300002 PM 18615255 ER PT J AU Liu, LP Lai, CQ Nie, L Ordovas, J Band, M Moser, L Meydani, M AF Liu, Liping Lai, Chao-Qiang Nie, Lin Ordovas, Jose Band, Michael Moser, Leta Meydani, Mohsen TI The modulation of endothelial cell gene expression by green tea polyphenol-EGCG SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EGCG; Endothelial cell; MAPP analysis; Microarray; Proliferation ID TRANSFER-RNA SYNTHETASE; GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VITRO; (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; INHIBIT ANGIOGENESIS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; RECEPTOR-BINDING; MICROARRAY DATA; CANCER-CELLS AB Human and animal studies have shown that green tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of some cancers. This has been attributed to its polyphenol components, in particular (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). In addition to be a cancer chemopreventive agent, EGCG inhibits angiogenesis, thus reducing tumor growth and metastasis. We tested EGCG modulation on the gene expression profile of endothelial cells stimulated by VEGF using Affymetrix microarrays. A total of 421 genes were up-regulated and 72 genes were down-regulated at the false discovery rate of 5% by VEGF, EGCG, and EGCG pretreatment followed by VEGF stimulation. The changes in the expression of several pivotal genes were validated by real-time PCR. Furthermore, we have identified two signaling pathways (Wnt and Id) involved in cell proliferation were inhibited by EGCG treatment, suggesting the negative regulation of EGCG on cell proliferation. Our results also indicate that the antiangiogenesis effect of EGCG is partially mediated through its broad inhibition on endothelial cell proliferation. Our data further support earlier observations that the anticancer effect of EGCG is mediated through changes in the expression of genes that are associated with cell proliferation. C1 [Liu, Liping; Nie, Lin; Band, Michael; Moser, Leta; Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lai, Chao-Qiang; Ordovas, Jose] Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@Tufts.edu RI Liu, Liping/D-3663-2009; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; NCI [R03 CA094290-01] FX The manuscript is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707 and NCI grant #R03 CA094290-01. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We would also like to thank Stephanie Marco for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.; The authors have declared no conflict of interest. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1182 EP 1192 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200700499 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 366VN UT WOS:000260511600011 PM 18465779 ER PT J AU Praz, CJ Muller, A Danforth, BN Griswold, TL Widmer, A Dorn, S AF Praz, Christophe J. Mueller, Andreas Danforth, Bryan N. Griswold, Terry L. Widmer, Alex Dorn, Silvia TI Phylogeny and biogeography of bees of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; Bayesian analysis; Maximum likelihood; Ancestral; Character evolution; Nesting behavior ID ANCESTRAL CHARACTER STATES; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; MAJOR OPSIN; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; DISCRETE CHARACTERS; LIKELIHOOD ANALYSES; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; SOLITARY BEES; NUCLEAR GENES; SEQUENCE DATA AB The Osmiini (Megachilidae) constitute a taxonomically and biologically diverse tribe of bees. To resolve their generic and suprageneric relationships, we inferred a phylogeny based on three nuclear genes (Elongation factor 1-alpha, LW-rhodopsin and CAD) applying both parsimony and Bayesian methods. Our phylogeny, which includes 95 osmiine species representing 18 of the 19 currently recognized genera, is well resolved with high support for most basal nodes. The core osmiine genera were found to form a well-supported monophyletic group, but four small genera, Noteriades, Afroheriades, Pseudoheriades and possibly Ochreriades, formerly included in the Osmiini, do not appear to belong within this tribe. Our phylogeny results in the following taxonomic changes: Stenosmia and Hoplosmia are reduced to subgeneric rank in Hoplitis and Osmia, respectively, Micreriades is recognized as a subgenus in Hoplitis and the subgenus Nasutosmia is transferred from Hoplitis to Osmia. We inferred a biogeographic scenario for the Osmiini applying maximum likelihood inference and models of character evolution. We provide evidence that the Osmiini originated in the Palearctic, and that extensive exchanges occurred between the Palearctic and the Nearctic. The latter finding may relate to the fact that many osmiine species nest in wood or in stems, facilitating dispersal by overseas transport of the nests. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Praz, Christophe J.; Mueller, Andreas; Dorn, Silvia] ETH, Inst Plant Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Danforth, Bryan N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Griswold, Terry L.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Widmer, Alex] ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Muller, A (reprint author), ETH, Inst Plant Sci, Schmelzbergstr 9-LFO, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM andreas.mueller@ipw.agri.ethz.ch RI Widmer, Alex/B-6841-2009 OI Widmer, Alex/0000-0001-8253-5137 FU Walter Hochstrasser foundation FX We are especially grateful to Maximilian Schwarz who put a large number of undetermined osmiine bees from the Palearctic region at our disposal, which enabled us to get familiarized with the taxonomy of this group of bees. The authors are indebted to all people listed in Table I for providing fresh material for DNA extraction. We especially thank Werner Arens, John Ascher, Oistein Berg, Sam Droege, Andrew Grace, Antonius van Harten, Michael Kuhlmann, Charles Michener, Denis Michez, Robert Minckley, Sebastien Patiny, Severin Roffler, Erwin Scheuchl, Claudio Sedivy and Kim Timmermann. Wolfgang Waitzbauer, Sara Bangerter and Christian Schmidt-Egger provided important information for our field expeditions. Gilles Carron, Jerome Dayer, Mike Herrmann and Michael Widmer accompanied us on many collecting trips. The Walter Hochstrasser foundation provided travel funds for the collection of important specimens for this study. We also thank Claudia Michel for her support and advise regarding molecular techniques and tab work. NR 75 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 49 IS 1 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.005 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 358AE UT WOS:000259887700016 PM 18675365 ER PT J AU Bilgin, DD Aldea, M O'Neill, BF Benitez, M Li, M Clough, SJ DeLucia, EH AF Bilgin, Damla D. Aldea, Mihai O'Neill, Bridget F. Benitez, Marisol Li, Min Clough, Steven J. DeLucia, Evan H. TI Elevated ozone alters soybean-virus interaction SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE microarray; photosynthesis; ROS; Soy-FACE ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLANT DEFENSE; SALICYLIC-ACID; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESSES; METHYL JASMONATE; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Increasing concentrations of ozone (O-3) in the troposphere affect many organisms and their interactions with each other. To analyze the changes in a plant-pathogen interaction, soybean plants were infected with Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) while they were fumigated with O-3. In otherwise natural field conditions, elevated O-3 treatment slowed systemic infection and disease development by inducing a nonspecific resistance against SMV for a period of 3 weeks. During this period, the negative effect of virus infection on light-saturated carbon assimilation rate was prevented by elevated O-3 exposure. To identify the molecular basis of a soybean nonspecific defense response, high-throughput gene expression analysis was performed in a controlled environment. Transcripts of fungal, bacterial, and viral defense-related genes, including PR-1, PR-5, PR-10, and EDS1, as well as genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways (and concentrations of their end products, quercetin and kaempherol derivatives) increased in response to elevated O-3. The drastic changes in soybean basal defense response under altered atmospheric conditions suggest that one of the elements of global change may alter the ecological consequences and, eventually, coevolutionary relationship of plant-pathogen interactions in the future. C1 [Bilgin, Damla D.; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Aldea, Mihai; DeLucia, Evan H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [O'Neill, Bridget F.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Benitez, Marisol; Li, Min; Clough, Steven J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Clough, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP DeLucia, EH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, 1206 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM delucia@life.uiuc.edu RI Clough, Steven/E-6815-2011 FU Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER63489] FX We thank G. Hartman for providing SMV-G2 strain; H. Hobbs, W. Yi, N. Gloude, E. Weldon, B. Berla, and A. Lee for their assistance with the field experiments: W. M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics staff for their expertise in Affymetrix GeneChip hybridizations: M. Bilgin for critical reading of the manuscript; and members of the Genomic Ecology of Global Change research theme at Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for their help and valuable suggestions throughout the study. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant no. DE-FG02-04ER63489. NR 97 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1297 EP 1308 DI 10.1094/MPMI-21-10-1297 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 350CL UT WOS:000259330000003 PM 18785825 ER PT J AU Brazelton, JN Pfeufer, EE Sweat, TA Gardener, BBM Coenen, C AF Brazelton, Jessica N. Pfeufer, Emily E. Sweat, Teresa A. Gardener, Brian B. McSpadden Coenen, Catharina TI 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol alters plant root development SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS PF-5; BOX PROTEIN TIR1; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; AUXIN RECEPTOR; DIAGEOTROPICA MUTATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TOMATO MUTANT; ARABIDOPSIS; RESPONSES AB Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates containing the phlD gene can protect crops from root pathogens, at least in part through production of the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). However, the action mechanisms of DAPG are not fully understood, and effects of this antibiotic on host root systems have not been characterized in detail. DAPG inhibited primary root growth and stimulated lateral root production in tomato seedlings. Roots of the auxin-resistant diageotropica mutant of tomato demonstrated reduced DAPG sensitivity with regards to inhibition of primary root growth and induction of root branching. Additionally, applications of exogenous DAPG, at concentrations previously found in the rhizosphere of plants inoculated with DAPG-producing pseudomonads, inhibited the activation of an auxin-inducible GH3 promoter::luciferase reporter gene construct in transgenic tobacco hypocotyls. In this model system, supernatants of 17 phlD+ P fluorescens isolates had inhibitory effects on luciferase activity similar to synthetic DAPG. In addition, a phlD(-) mutant strain, unable to produce DAPG, demonstrated delayed inhibitory effects compared with the parent wild-type strain. These results indicate that DAPG can alter crop root architecture by interacting with an auxin-dependent signaling pathway. C1 [Brazelton, Jessica N.; Pfeufer, Emily E.; Coenen, Catharina] Allegheny Coll, Dept Biol, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. [Sweat, Teresa A.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Gardener, Brian B. McSpadden] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Coenen, C (reprint author), Allegheny Coll, Dept Biol, 520 N Main St, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. EM catharina.coenen@allegheny.edu RI McSpadden Gardener, Brian/C-9844-2009 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2004-35304-14995, 2002-35107-12271]; Allegheny College Class of '39 Fund; Shanbrom Fund; Allegheny College Faculty Development Fund FX Initial work on luciferase assay development was supported by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) grant number 2004-35304-14995 to C. Coenen. Partial funding to support this work also came from USDA grant number 2002-35107-12271 awarded to B. McSpadden Gardener. Undergraduate research grants from the Allegheny College Class of '39 Fund and the Shanbrom Fund to J. Brazelton and from the Allegheny College Faculty Development Fund to C. Coenen are gratefully acknowledged. We thank B. Moller-Rober (Universitat Potsdam, Germany) for the pBin19-derived plasmid used to generate constructs for tobacco transformations and D. Mavrodi and L. Thomashow (USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA, U.S.A.) for the plasmid pFLP2Km used to remove the gentamycin resistance gene from the phlD-] mutant of Pf-5. We are also indebted to C. Lundberg (Allegheny College) for editorial assistance, and to an anonymous reviewer for careful reading and thoughtful, detailed comments on an earlier version of this article. NR 59 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1349 EP 1358 DI 10.1094/MPMI-21-10-1349 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 350CL UT WOS:000259330000008 PM 18785830 ER PT J AU Formighieri, EF Tiburcio, RA Armas, ED Medrano, FJ Shimo, H Carels, N Goes-Neto, A Cotomacci, C Carazzolle, MF Sardinha-Pinto, N Thomazella, DPT Rincones, J Digiampietri, L Carraro, DM Azeredo-Espin, AM Reis, SF Deckmann, AC Gramacho, K Goncalves, MS Neto, JPM Barbosa, LV Meinhardt, LW Cascardo, JCM Pereira, GAG AF Formighieri, Eduardo F. Tiburcio, Ricardo A. Armas, Eduardo D. Medrano, Francisco J. Shimo, Hugo Carels, Nicolas Goes-Neto, Aristoteles Cotomacci, Carolina Carazzolle, Marcelo F. Sardinha-Pinto, Naiara Thomazella, Daniela P. T. Rincones, Johana Digiampietri, Luciano Carraro, Dirce M. Azeredo-Espin, Ana M. Reis, Sergio F. Deckmann, Ana C. Gramacho, Karina Goncalves, Marilda S. Moura Neto, Jose P. Barbosa, Luciana V. Meinhardt, Lyndel W. Cascardo, Julio C. M. Pereira, Goncalo A. G. TI The mitochondrial genome of the phytopathogenic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa is 109 kb in size and contains a stable integrated plasmid SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Basidiomycota; Codon usage; Crinipellis perniciosa; Genomics; Marasmiaceae; Witches' broom disease ID FUNGUS PLEUROTUS-OSTREATUS; WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; PODOSPORA-ANSERINA; CRINIPELLIS-PERNICIOSA; THEOBROMA-CACAO; NEUROSPORA-INTERMEDIA; LINEAR PLASMIDS; CAUSAL AGENT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DNA REARRANGEMENTS AB We present here the sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the basidiomycete phytopathogenic hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, causal agent of the Witches' Broom Disease in Theobroma cacao. The DNA is a circular molecule of 109103 base pairs, with 31.9 % GC, and is the largest sequenced so far. This size is due essentially to the presence of numerous non-conserved hypothetical ORFs. It contains the 14 genes coding for proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation, the two rRNA genes, one ORF coding for a ribosomal protein (rps3), and a set of 26 tRNA genes that recognize codons for all amino acids. Seven homing endonucleases are located inside introns. Except atp8, all conserved known genes are in the same orientation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the cox genes agrees with the commonly accepted fungal taxonomy. An uncommon feature of this mitochondrial genome is the presence of a region that contains a set of four, relatively small, nested, inverted repeats enclosing two genes coding for polymerases with an invertron-type structure and three conserved hypothetical genes interpreted as the stable integration of a mitochondrial linear plasmid. The integration of this plasmid seems to be a recent evolutionary event that could have implications in fungal biology. This sequence is available under GenBank accession number AY376688. (c) 2008 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Formighieri, Eduardo F.; Tiburcio, Ricardo A.; Medrano, Francisco J.; Shimo, Hugo; Cotomacci, Carolina; Carazzolle, Marcelo F.; Sardinha-Pinto, Naiara; Thomazella, Daniela P. T.; Rincones, Johana; Deckmann, Ana C.; Pereira, Goncalo A. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Lab Genom & Expressao, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Armas, Eduardo D.] Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Ecotoxicol, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Carels, Nicolas] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Lab Bioinformat, BR-45650000 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Goes-Neto, Aristoteles] UEFS, LAPEM, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-44031460 Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil. [Digiampietri, Luciano] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Computacao, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Carraro, Dirce M.] Ludwig Inst Canc Res, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Azeredo-Espin, Ana M.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Genet & Evolucao, CBMEG, BR-13035875 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Azeredo-Espin, Ana M.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Lab Genet Anim, CBMEG, BR-13035875 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Gramacho, Karina] CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, BR-45600970 Itabuna, BA, Brazil. [Reis, Sergio F.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Parasitol, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Goncalves, Marilda S.; Moura Neto, Jose P.] Univ Fed Bahia, Fac Farm, Mol Biol Lab, BR-40170290 Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Barbosa, Luciana V.] Univ Fed Bahia, Mol Biol Lab, Dept Biol Geral, Inst Biol, BR-40170290 Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Meinhardt, Lyndel W.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20740 USA. [Cascardo, Julio C. M.] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-45650000 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. RP Pereira, GAG (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Lab Genom & Expressao, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM goncalo@unicamp.br RI Carels, Nicolas/L-4687-2016; carraro, dirce/C-9179-2009; Pereira, Goncalo /B-7944-2012; Digiampietri, Luciano/B-8597-2012; Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella/C-6503-2012; de Toledo Thomazella, Daniela/D-2750-2012; Formighieri, Eduardo/F-2993-2012; Deckmann, Ana /C-4434-2012; Goes-Neto, Aristoteles/A-6955-2013; Oncogenomica, Inct/H-9999-2013; Goncalves, Marilda/B-5904-2014; Rincones, Johana/I-6337-2013; Azeredo Espin, Ana/N-2213-2015 OI Medrano, Francisco/0000-0002-8185-9751; Gramacho, Karina/0000-0003-4037-1554; Carels, Nicolas/0000-0003-4547-7155; carraro, dirce/0000-0001-5667-1418; Digiampietri, Luciano/0000-0003-4890-1548; Goes-Neto, Aristoteles/0000-0002-7692-6243; FU CNPq; Capes; CNPq Regional Genoma Program; SEAGRIm; FAPESP [02/09280-1] FX This research was supported by the Brazilian agencies CNPq (research fellowship to N. C.), Capes, CNPq Regional Genoma Program, SEAGRIm and FAPESP (No. 02/09280-1). NR 93 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 112 BP 1136 EP 1152 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.04.014 PN 10 PG 17 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 374EG UT WOS:000261025100001 PM 18786820 ER PT J AU Hirooka, Y Kobayashi, T Samuels, GJ AF Hirooka, Yuuri Kobayashi, Takao Samuels, Gary J. TI Taxonomic studies of nectrioid fungi in Japan. III. The genus Cosmospora SO MYCOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hypocreales; Nectriaceae; New species; Systematics; Taxonomy ID NECTRIACEAE HYPOCREALES; BIONECTRIACEAE; ANAMORPHS; GENERA; NEONECTRIA; SEQUENCES AB Seven species of the genus Cosmospora collected in Japan are reported in this article. Among them, Cosmospora japonica is described as a new species. Cosmospora henanensis, C. rishbethii, and C. triqua, all of which are known only from their type localities, are added to the Japanese mycobiota. The other species, C. chaetopsinaecatenulatae, C. diminuta, and C. peponum, are new records for Japan. Additional distribution records are given for Cosmospora species hitherto known in Japan. C1 [Hirooka, Yuuri; Samuels, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hirooka, Yuuri] Tokyo Univ Agr, Grad Sch Agr, Tokyo, Japan. [Kobayashi, Takao] Tokyo Univ Agr, Dept Int Agr Dev, Tokyo, Japan. RP Hirooka, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Rm 330,B-011A,10300 Beltsville Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yuuri.Hirooka@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1340-3540 J9 MYCOSCIENCE JI Mycoscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 49 IS 5 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10267-008-0422-8 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 359VD UT WOS:000260015300001 ER PT J AU Rose, A Nicholas, NS AF Rose, Anita Nicholas, Niki Stephanie TI Coarse Woody Debris in a Southern Appalachian Spruce-fir Forest of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Abies fraseri; Adelges piceae; balsam woolly adelgid; biomass; coarse woody debris; disturbance; Fraser fir; mortality; nitrogen saturation; Picea rubens; red spruce ID RED SPRUCE; NITROGEN SATURATION; DEPOSITION GRADIENT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NUTRIENT CONTENT; WESTERN HEMLOCK; DECAYING BOLES; BOREAL FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR; FRASER FIR AB Spruce-fir forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains receive high atmospheric nitrogen inputs and have high nitrate levels in soil solution and streamwater. High levels of excess nitrogen have been associated with reduced tree vigor. Additionally. the balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratz.) has killed the majority of endemic Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] trees, resulting in large amounts of coarse woody debris. As part of a biogeochemical Study in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. coarse woody debris was sampled to determine volume, mass. change in density. and change in concentration and content of carbon and nitrogen over the decomposition process. Dead wood volume was highly variable across the watershed, ranging from 4.5 m(3) ha(-1) to 306.8 m(3) ha(-1) for standing boles and 21.2 m(3) ha(-1) to 402.7 m(3) ha(-1) for down boles. Wood density decreased significantly for all and fr three major overstory species [red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.). yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.). and Fraser fir] by approximately 60%, from slightly decayed boles to boles in advanced decay. Standing and down dead biomass averaged 39.4 Mg ha(-1) and 33.8 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Carbon concentrations remained relatively constant and were approximately 47% for all decay classes and all species. Nitrogen concentrations increased sharply between live wood and highly decayed wood. The nitrogen content in live wood. compared to wood in advanced decay, increased by 40% to 118% for the species tested. At the watershed level, live bole wood contained 108.4 kg ha(-1) of nitrogen, and dead bole wood contained 101.5 kg ha(-1). Total carbon in live and dead bole wood averaged 93.8 Mg ha(-1) and 34.9 Mg ha(-1). respectively. The magnitude of coarse woody debris in this system is among the highest reported in the literature for the eastern United States, emphasizing the high degree of disturbance that has taken place in this ecosystem. C1 [Rose, Anita] US Forest Serv, USDA, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Nicholas, Niki Stephanie] USDI Natl Pk Serv, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Rose, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM anitarose@fs.fed.us FU Tennessee Valley Authority Public Power Institute; U.S. Deparment of Agriculture; CSREES; NRICGP [9700721]; Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory; USDI Geological Survey; Biological Research Division FX This research was funded by the Tennessee Valley Authority Public Power Institute; U.S. Deparment of Agriculture ,CSREES, NRICGP grant # 9700721, Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory; and the USDI Geological Survey, Biological Research Division. We appreciate the cooperation of the Great Smoky Mountain National Park staff in this study. Thanks are extended to J.D. Joslin, J. Rennie, and J. Weltzin for their comments and assistance in the preparation on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank H. Van Miegroet. H. Rhodes, T. Flum. J. Webb, J. Scarbrouoh. E. Webber. J. Martin. S. Southerland, K. Mills, A. Mays, M. Wolfe, L. Shelton, R. Tankersley, C. Wylie, M. Mullen, L. Franks, E. Pauley. and M. O'Niel for their assistance in this work. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 21 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 342 EP 355 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2008)28[342:CWDIAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 368TV UT WOS:000260646300003 ER PT J AU Beachy, BL Robinson, GR AF Beachy, Brian L. Robinson, George R. TI Divergence in Avian Communities Following Woody Plant Invasions in a Pine Barrens Ecosystem SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Albany Pine Bush Preserve; invasive tree species; pine barrens; shrubland birds; vegetation structure ID BIRD SPECIES-DIVERSITY; LOCUST ROBINIA-PSEUDOACACIA; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE; SUCCESSION; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; FORESTS AB We compared avian communities and vegetation characteristics in invaded and uninvaded pine barren ecosystems to test whether invasive woody plants were altering native bird communities, We hypothesized that structural changes in vegetation caused by the invasion of fire-intolerant deciduos,,, trees were altering bird communities in (lie Albany pine Bush, east central New York State. We recorded bird calls at 55 stations during breeding season to estimate abundances of breeding birds in areas dominated by fire-dependent pine-shrub savanna and areas dominated by invasive hardwoods (black locust. Robinia pseudoacacia, and aspens, Populus tremuloides and P. grandidentata). Vegetation surveys were conducted surrounding each station to quantify woody plant composition and structure. Sites, characterized Lis invaded had more vegetation layers, twice as much closed canopy, and higher tree stein densities in all but the largest (> 25 cm dia) size classes. Forty-seven bird species were recorded thirty-three at both invaded and uninvaded sites. Grassland/shrubland birds. Such as prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor). field sparrow (Spizella pusilla). red-breasted nuthatch (Sitta canadensis), and eastern towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus). were twice as frequent and three times as abundant at uninvaded sites. Native bird species characteristic of closed-canopy forest were more frequent and abundant at stations in invaded sites. Multivariate analyses indicate distinct associations of particular birds with unique combinations of vegetation characteristics that differed between invaded and uninvaded points. A campaign of adaptive fire management holds promise to restore critical avian habitat in protected areas of this threatened barrens ecosystem. C1 [Robinson, George R.] SUNY Albany, Program Biodivers Conservat & Policy, Dept Biol Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Beachy, Brian L.] Michigan Technol Univ, US Forest Serv, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Robinson, GR (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Program Biodivers Conservat & Policy, Dept Biol Sci, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM grobins@albany.edu NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2008)28[395:DIACFW]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 368TV UT WOS:000260646300008 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Endress, BA Vavra, M McInnis, ML Naylor, BJ AF Parks, Catherine G. Endress, Bryan A. Vavra, Martin McInnis, Michael L. Naylor, Bridgett J. TI Cattle, Deer, and Elk Grazing of the Invasive Plant Sulfur Cinquefoil SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE invasive species; noxious weeds; ungulate herbivory; wildlife habitat ID POTENTILLA-RECTA; UNGULATE; DISPERSAL AB The role Of ungulates as contributors to establishment and spread of non-native invasive plants in natural areas is not well known. The objective, of this study Were to document whether or not sulfur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta L.) is grazed by ungulates and to quantify the effects of ungulate herbivory on the density and demography of sulfur cinquefoil. Despite reports suggesting sulfur cinquefoil is minimally,razed, our results indicate that substantial grazing of sulfur cinquefoil occurs in a northeastern Oregon natural area. The number Of Sulfur cinquefoil flowers and seed heads differed significantly (P < 0.0001) among all grazing treatments at all sampling periods. Cattle (Bos Taurus) grazed sulfur cinquefoil throughout earl), summer, resulting in smaller plants with few flowers and subsequent seed heads. Sulfur cinquefoil was g-razed by deer (Odocoileus heminous and O. virginianus) and elk (Cervus elaphus) primarily in the fall and winter by specifically removing just the seed heads. As sulfur cinquefoil reproduces only by seed and seeds typically fall within 3 in of a parent plant. grazing by ungulates and Subsequent deposition of the seeds by endozoochory may explain the establishment of satellite infestations across. susceptible natural areas. C1 [Parks, Catherine G.; Vavra, Martin; Naylor, Bridgett J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Endress, Bryan A.] Zool Soc San Diego, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [McInnis, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM cparks01@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 404 EP 409 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2008)28[404:CDAEGO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 368TV UT WOS:000260646300009 ER PT J AU Moar, W Roush, R Shelton, A Ferre, J MacIntosh, S Leonard, BR Abel, C AF Moar, William Roush, Rick Shelton, Anthony Ferre, Juan MacIntosh, Susan Leonard, B. Rogers Abel, Craig TI Field-evolved resistance to Bt toxins SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; INSECT RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; COTTON; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROTEINS; CROPS C1 [Moar, William] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Roush, Rick] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Land & Environm, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Shelton, Anthony] Cornell Univ, NYSAES, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Ferre, Juan] Univ Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [MacIntosh, Susan] MacIntosh & Associates Inc, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. [Leonard, B. Rogers] Louisiana State Univ, NE Reg Dept Entomol, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. [Abel, Craig] ARS, USDA, So Inst Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Moar, W (reprint author), Auburn Univ, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM moarwil@auburn.edu RI Ferre, Juan/L-9426-2014 OI Ferre, Juan/0000-0001-5535-0612 NR 10 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1072 EP 1074 DI 10.1038/nbt1008-1072 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 358NY UT WOS:000259926000012 PM 18846068 ER PT J AU Hazra, A Kraft, P Selhub, J Giovannucci, EL Thomas, G Hoover, RN Chanock, SJ Hunter, DJ AF Hazra, Aditi Kraft, Peter Selhub, Jacob Giovannucci, Edward L. Thomas, Gilles Hoover, Robert N. Chanock, Stephen J. Hunter, David J. TI Common variants of FUT2 are associated with plasma vitamin B-12 levels SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; SECRETOR PHENOTYPE; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; GENE FUT2; MALABSORPTION; HOMOCYSTEINE; CANCER; RISK AB We identified a strong association (P = 5.36 x 10(-17)) between rs492602 in FUT2 and plasma vitamin B-12 levels in a genome-wide scan (n = 1,658) and an independent replication sample (n = 1,059) from the Nurses' Health Study. Women homozygous for the rs492602[G] allele had higher B12 levels. This allele is in strong linkage disequilibrium with the FUT2 nonsecretor variant encoding W143X, suggesting a plausible mechanism for altered B12 absorption and plasma levels. C1 [Hazra, Aditi; Kraft, Peter; Hunter, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Program Mol & Genet Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hazra, Aditi; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Hunter, David J.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hazra, Aditi; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Hunter, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Giovannucci, Edward L.; Hunter, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Thomas, Gilles; Hoover, Robert N.; Chanock, Stephen J.; Hunter, David J.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hunter, David J.] MIT, Broad Inst, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Hunter, David J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Hunter, DJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Program Mol & Genet Epidemiol, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dhunter@hsph.harvard.edu FU National Institutes of Health Research [U54 CA100971, P01 CA87969, P01 CA55075, U01 CA098233, R01 CA 065725, CA070817]; NIH [T-32 CA 09001-30] FX We thank H. Ranu, C. Chen and the staff at the Core Genotyping Facility at the National Cancer Institute for their expertise. This research is supported by the National Institutes of Health Research Grants U54 CA100971, P01 CA87969, P01 CA55075, U01 CA098233, R01 CA 065725 and CA070817. A. H. is supported in part by training grant NIH T-32 CA 09001-30. NR 15 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1160 EP 1162 DI 10.1038/ng.210 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 354PH UT WOS:000259651000013 PM 18776911 ER PT J AU Woodruff, DR Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B AF Woodruff, D. R. Meinzer, F. C. Lachenbruch, B. TI Height-related trends in leaf xylem anatomy and shoot hydraulic characteristics in a tall conifer: safety versus efficiency in water transport SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE embolism; foliar anatomy; growth limitation; hydraulic conductance; Pseudotsuga menziesii; water stress ID DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; STAND DEVELOPMENT; CELL ENLARGEMENT; TURGOR PRESSURE; GROWTH; TRACHEIDS; CAVITATION; MORPHOLOGY; CAPACITY; STRESS AB Hydraulic vulnerability of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) branchlets decreases with height, allowing shoots at greater height to maintain hydraulic conductance (K-shoot) at more negative leaf water potentials (psi(1)). To determine the basis for this trend shoot hydraulic and tracheid anatomical properties of foliage from the tops of Douglas-fir trees were analysed along a height gradient from 5 to 55 m. Values of psi(1), at which K-shoot was substantially reduced, declined with height by 0.012 Mpa m(-1). Maximum K-shoot was reduced by 0.082 mmol m(-2) MPa-1 s(-1) for every 1 m increase in height. Total tracheid lumen area per needle cross-section, hydraulic mean diameter of leaf tracheid lumens, total number of tracheids per needle cross-section and leaf tracheid length decreased with height by 18.4 mu m(2) m(-1), 0.029 mu m m(-1), 0.42 m(-1) and 5.3 mu m m(-1), respectively. Tracheid thickness-to-span ratio (t(w)/b)(2) increased with height by 1.04 x 10(-3) m(-1) and pit number per tracheid decreased with height by 0.07 m-1. Leaf anatomical adjustments that enhanced the ability to cope with vertical gradients of increasing xylem tension were attained at the expense of reduced water transport capacity and efficiency, possibly contributing to height-related decline in growth of Douglas fir. C1 [Woodruff, D. R.; Meinzer, F. C.] USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Woodruff, D. R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lachenbruch, B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Woodruff, DR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.woodruff@oregonstate.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 FU USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station Ecosystem Processes Program FX This work was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station Ecosystem Processes Program. We thank Ken Bible, Mark Creighton, Matt Schroeder and the rest of the staff at the Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility located within the Wind River Experimental Forest, TT Munger Research Natural Area. Thanks also to Manuela Huso for statistical consultation and Kate McCulloh for help with sample collection and advice on microscopy technique. NR 57 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 180 IS 1 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02551.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 353OA UT WOS:000259576100011 PM 18631290 ER PT J AU Makela, A Valentine, HT Helmisaari, HS AF Makela, Annikki Valentine, Harry T. Helmisaari, Helja-Sisko TI Optimal co-allocation of carbon and nitrogen in a forest stand at steady state SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE allocation; carbon and nitrogen; forest; functional balance; growth model; optimization; productivity and biomass; steady state ID HEIGHT GROWTH STRATEGIES; SCOTS PINE STANDS; PIPE-MODEL-THEORY; NORWAY SPRUCE; SHOOT RATIOS; PRODUCTIVITY; TREES; ROOT; BIOMASS; OPTIMIZATION AB Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant production, but N uptake imposes carbon (C) costs through maintenance respiration and fine-root construction, suggesting that an optimal C:N balance can be found. Previous studies have elaborated this optimum under exponential growth; work on closed canopies has focused on foliage only. Here, the optimal co-allocation of C and N to foliage, fine roots and live wood is examined in a closed forest stand. Optimal co-allocation maximizes net primary productivity (NPP) as constrained by stand-level C and N balances and the pipe model. Photosynthesis and maintenance respiration increase with foliar nitrogen concentration ([N]), and stand-level photosynthesis and N uptake saturate at high foliage and fine-root density. Optimal NPP increases almost linearly from low to moderate N availability, saturating at high N. Where N availability is very low or very high, the system resembles a functional balance with a steady foliage [N]; in between, [N] increases with N availability. Carbon allocation to fine roots decreases, allocation to wood increases, and allocation to foliage remains stable with increasing N availability. The predicted relationships between biomass density and foliage [N] are in reasonable agreement with data from coniferous stands across Finland. All predictions agree with our qualitative understanding of N effects on growth. C1 [Makela, Annikki] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Valentine, Harry T.] USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Helmisaari, Helja-Sisko] Vantaa Res Ctr, Finnish Forest Res Inst, Vantaa 01301, Finland. RP Makela, A (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM annikki.makela@helsinki.fi OI Makela, Annikki/0000-0001-9633-7350 FU NSF [0090238]; Academy of Finland [206307] FX This study benefited from discussions with Ross McMurtrie, Roderick Dewar and Oskar Franklin at a TERACC (Terrestrial Ecosystem Response to Atmospheric Climate Change, NSF Grant No. 0090238) meeting in Cronulla, Sydney 2006. AM was supported by the Academy of Finland, grant nr 206307. NR 36 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 180 IS 1 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02558.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 353OA UT WOS:000259576100013 PM 18637066 ER PT J AU Torrans, EL AF Torrans, Eugene L. TI Production Responses of Channel Catfish to Minimum Daily Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in Earthen Ponds SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; WATER-QUALITY; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; AMMONIA AB This study determined the effects of the minimum daily dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the production parameters of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in earthen ponds. Fifteen 1-acre ponds (five ponds per treatment) were managed its high-oxygen (minimum DO concentrations averaging 4.37 ppm or 54% air saturation from June through September), medium-oxygen (minimum DO concentrations averaging 2.68 ppm or 33.2% air saturation), or low-oxygen treatments (minimum DO concentrations averaging 2.32 ppm or 29.7% air saturation) using one 5-hp electric paddlewheel aerator per pond. Fish in the high-, medium-, and low-oxygen treatment ponds were fed a mean total of 14,008, 13,212, and 12,607 lb/acre of 28%-protein floating feed, respectively. Net production paralleled the total amount of feed fed, averaging 5,772 5,278, and 5,113 lb/acre in the high-, medium-, and low-oxygen treatments, respectively. Individual Fish weight at harvest also showed a similar trend, averaging 1.37, 1.33, and 1.30 lb in the high-, medium-, and low-oxygen treatments, respectively. No visible stress responses were observed in any ponds during this study. Total aeration averaged 5,245, 2,5 19, and 1,337 hp-h/acre in the high-, medium-, and low-oxygen treatments, respectively. Treatments with higher minimum DO concentrations had significantly higher nitrite-nitrogen, suspended solids, chlorophyll a, and pH and lower Secchi disk visibility, alkalinity, and hardness; however, no water quality parameters exceeded the normal acceptable range for channel catfish. While the cost of electricity must be considered, maintaining a minimum daily DO concentration of 2.3-2.5 ppm is suggested as a compromise between maximizing both the amount of feed fed and fish production while minimizing aeration costs. C1 ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Torrans, EL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM les.torrans@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [6402-13320-003-00D] FX I thank D. Holifield and the staff at the Delta Western Research Center for their execution of this project and T. Walls for conducting the water quality analyses. I also thank B. Bosworth, B. Green, B. Ott, B. Peterson, G. Waldbieser, and G. Whitis for their helpful reviews of the manuscript. This project was conducted with funding provided by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information System Project 6402-13320-003-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 70 IS 4 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.1577/A07-102.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 434MM UT WOS:000265278800001 ER PT J AU Waldbieser, GC Bosworth, BG AF Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. Bosworth, Brian G. TI Utilization of a Rapid DNA-Based Assay for Molecular Verification of Channel Catfish, Blue Catfish, F-1 Hybrids, and Backcross Offspring at Several Life Stages SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; GROWTH; RESISTANCE; FURCATUS; PONDS AB The F-1 hybrid offspring of female channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus x male blue catfish I. furcatus contain many desirable traits for commercial production, such as enhanced growth and increased survivability. Hybrids can be produced through pond spawning (although at a low efficiency), but hybrid catfish cannot always be readily distinguished from channel catfish, especially at early life stages. The present research was designed to produce a rapid DNA-based test for the identification of hybrid catfish. Channel catfish and blue catfish genomic regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)using common primers for the follistatin (Fst) and hepcidin antimicrobial protein (Hamp) genes, and fragment length polymorphisms between the two species caused by ancestral insertions and deletions were resolved by agarose electrophoresis. The Fst amplicons were 348 and 399 base pairs (bp), while the Hamp amplicons were 222 and 262 bp from channel catfish and blue catfish, respectively. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (Mtco1) gene was also difterentially amplified from each species by using species-specific primers to enable determination of the maternal parent species. The DNA preparation technique provided sufficient genomic DNA to test several life stages. The PCR products were successfully amplified from genomic DNA isolated from embryos at 1, 2, or 5 d after fertilization: from fry 2 d after hatching; from the blood and barbels of juveniles and adults; and from fresh, frozen, and cooked fillet samples. The results from this assay were available as soon as 24 h after receipt of sample. This assay will be useful for management of hybrid populations and postharvest detection of hybrid catfish products. C1 [Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.; Bosworth, Brian G.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Waldbieser, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM geoff.waldbieser@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 70 IS 4 BP 388 EP 395 DI 10.1577/A07-076.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 434MM UT WOS:000265278800003 ER PT J AU Weber, GM Vallejo, RL Lankford, SE Silverstein, JT Welch, TJ AF Weber, Gregory M. Vallejo, Roger L. Lankford, Scott E. Silverstein, Jeffrey T. Welch, Timothy J. TI Cortisol Response to a Crowding Stress: Heritability and Association with Disease Resistance to Yersinia ruckeri in Rainbow Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE BREEDING PROGRAM; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; RESPONSIVENESS; LYSOZYME; GROWTH; FISH; CORTICOSTEROIDS AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture is conducting a breeding program for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to develop improved germplasm for the U.S. aquaculture industry. Current selection efforts are focused on growth and disease resistance, but stress response is also a concern. Using Plasma cortisol concentrations after a 3-h crowding stress as a measure of stress responsiveness, we have previously shown family variation in cortisol responsiveness and a positive phenotypic correlation between poststressor cortisol level and growth performance within our broodstock. Selection for improved growth performance may therefore increase cortisol responsiveness to stress. In the present studies, narrow-sense heritability (h(2)) for cortisol responsiveness was estimated to be moderately high by means of midparent-offspring regression and nested family design analyses (h(2) >= 0.40 and 0.56, respectively). In addition, fish front the same families were used to determine associations between cortisol responsiveness to crowding and resistance to Yersinia ruckeri, the pathogenic agent of enteric redmouth disease, in an immersion challenge. Phenotypic and breeding values for cortisol responsiveness were not correlated with survivability with respect to Y. ruckeri whether or not the fish experienced repeated daily exposure to a crowding stress before the disease challenge. Furthermore, phenotypic and breeding values for poststressor Plasma glucose and chloride levels and lysozyme activity did not correlate with disease survivability in stressed and unstressed fish. Finally, there was no correlation between the survival values of families when they were stressed before the disease challenge and when they were not, suggesting that there is variability among families in the effect of stress on resistance to Y. ruckeri. C1 [Weber, Gregory M.; Vallejo, Roger L.; Silverstein, Jeffrey T.; Welch, Timothy J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Lankford, Scott E.] Cent Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. RP Weber, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM greg.weber@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 70 IS 4 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1577/A07-059.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 434MM UT WOS:000265278800008 ER PT J AU Mcgrath, KE Scott, JM Rieman, BE AF Mcgrath, Kathleen E. Scott, J. Michael Rieman, Bruce E. TI Length Variation in Age-0 Westslope Cutthroat Trout at Multiple Spatial Scales SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; HABITAT AB Phenotypic diversity provides ecological and evolutionary functions, stabilizing populations in variable environments. Although benefits of larger body size in juvenile fishes are well documented, size variation may have value as well. We explored the distribution of length and length variation in age-0 westslope Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi at three spatial scales: area (10(2) km(2)) stream (10(1) km(2)), and site (100 km). In addition, we examined relationships between length variables (mean length and interquartile range of length) and instream (temperature and conductivity) and landscape (aspect, elevation, headwater distance, and valley width) variables that were expected to be associated with fish size. Conductivity was included as a surrogate for productivity. Most variation in mean length and interquartile range of fish length was found among areas (62.2% and 62.6%, respectively). Mean length also varied among streams and sites (21.9% and 15.8%, respectively). Similarly, interquartile range of fish length varied among streams and sites (19.1% and 18.3%, respectively). Both length variables were associated with temperature and elevation. Mean fish length was also associated with conductivity, but the association between interquartile length range and conductivity was weak. We conclude that the conservation of variation in phenotypic attributes. such as length, in westslope Cutthroat trout may require conservation of viable populations across broad areas and across environmental gradients that are associated with growth. C1 [Mcgrath, Kathleen E.; Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Ctr, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Rieman, Bruce E.] Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Mcgrath, KE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Ctr, Post Off Box 441141, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM KMcGrath@esf.edu NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1529 EP 1540 DI 10.1577/M07-120.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 385ET UT WOS:000261796900015 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Cole, RA AF Mitchell, Andrew J. Cole, Rebecca A. TI Survival of the Faucet Snail after Chemical Disinfection, pH extremes, and Heated Water Bath Treatments SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EXOTIC AQUATIC SNAIL AB The faucet snail Bithynia tentaculata, a nonindigenous aquatic snail from Eurasia, was introduced into Lake Michigan in 1871 and has spread to the mid-Atlantic states, the Great Lakes region, Montana, and most recently, the Mississippi River. The faucet snail serves its intermediate host for several trematodes that have caused large-scale mortality among water birds, primarily in the Great Lakes region and Montana. It is important to limit the spread of the faucet snail; small fisheries equipment can serve as a method of snail distribution. Treatments with chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water baths were tested to determine their effectiveness its it disinfectant for small fisheries equipment. Two treatments eliminated all test snails: (1) a 24-h exposure to Hydrothol 191 at a concentration of at least 20 mg/L and (2) a treatment with 50 degrees C heated water for 1 min or longer. Faucet snails were highly resistant to ethanol, NaCl, formalin, Lysol, potassium permanganate, Copper sulfate, Baquacil, Virkon, household bleach, and pH extremes (as low as 1 and as high as 13). C1 [Mitchell, Andrew J.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Cole, Rebecca A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Post Off Box 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1597 EP 1600 DI 10.1577/M07-211.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 385ET UT WOS:000261796900022 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Li, YX Wu, ZH Broderick, GA Holmes, BJ AF Powell, J. Mark Li, Yanxia Wu, Zhonghong Broderick, Glen A. Holmes, Brian J. TI Rapid assessment of feed and manure nutrient management on confinement dairy farms SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE On-farm surveys; Dairy; Feed; Manure; Nutrient use efficiencies; Nutrient cycling ID MILK UREA NITROGEN; UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY; PHOSPHORUS; EXCRETION; CATTLE; COWS; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; PROTEIN AB A basic function of dairy farming is to transform feed nutrients into milk to generate an economic return. As the price of feed grain escalates, and environmental concerns associated with animal agriculture heighten, many dairy producers seek new ways to track nutrient use on their farms. Relatively little information is available on feed and manure management under producer conditions. The present study provides an overview of an iterative process used to develop and apply techniques for rapid assessment of feed and manure management on confinement-based dairy farms in very different geographic settings. Information was collected on cow diets, milk production and manure management using rapid (2-3 h) survey techniques first on 41 dairy farms in Wisconsin, USA and then on two dairy farms in Shandong Province, China. In both locations, Holstein dairy cows (Bos taurus) transformed on average 22-30% of feed nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) into milk. These calculated feed N use (FNUE) and feed P use (FPUE) efficiencies corresponded well to published values, but were lower than FNUE and FPUE determined under experimental conditions. Average apparent feed N intake (range of 438-635 g cow(-1) d(-1)) were slightly higher than the calculated sum of N outputs in milk (98-145 g cow(-1) d(-1)) and manure (328-457 g cow(-1) d(-1)). Calculated manure N excretions corresponded well to literature estimates. Average manure collection efficiencies ranged from 56% to 100% in Wisconsin and 55 to 90% in Shandong. Relatively short, face-to-face interviews can provide accurate 'snap-shots' of overall feed and manure management practices on an array of confinement-based dairy farms in diverse geographic locations. C1 [Powell, J. Mark; Broderick, Glen A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Li, Yanxia] Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Environm Remediat, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Wu, Zhonghong] China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Holmes, Brian J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.powell@ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Vinicius/E-5801-2011 FU The Babcock Institute for International Dairy Research and Development, Univ. Wisconsin, Madison FX This study was partially funded by The Babcock Institute for International Dairy Research and Development, Univ. Wisconsin, Madison. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 82 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s10705-008-9173-3 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 362PC UT WOS:000260208600001 ER PT J AU Shea, MK Booth, SL AF Shea, M. Kyla Booth, Sarah L. TI Update on the role of vitamin K in skeletal health SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE bone mineral density; fracture; menaquinone; phylloquinone; vitamin K ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; SERUM UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN; GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; XENOBIOTIC RECEPTOR SXR; HIP FRACTURE RISK; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ELDERLY-WOMEN; DIETARY-INTAKE; OLDER-ADULTS; PHYLLOQUINONE VITAMIN-K-1 AB A protective role for vitamin K in bone health has been suggested based on its role as an enzymatic cofactor. In observational studies, vitamin K insufficiency is generally associated with lower bone mass and increased hip fracture risk. However, these findings are not supported in randomized controlled trials (RCT) of phylloquinone (vitamin K-1) supplementation and bone loss at the hip in the elderly. This suggests that increased vegetable and legume intakes may simultaneously improve measures of vitamin K status and skeletal health, even though the mechanisms underlying these improvements may be independent of each other. Menaquinone-4 (vitamin K-2), when given at pharmacological doses, appears to protect against fracture risk and bone loss at the spine. However, there are emerging data that suggest the efficacy of vitamin K supplementation on bone loss is inconclusive. (C) 2008 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 [Shea, M. Kyla; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin K Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin K Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu FU the U. S. Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement [58-1950-7-707] FX This review is based upon work supported by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 87 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 66 IS 10 BP 549 EP 557 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00106.x PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 352VV UT WOS:000259526400001 PM 18826451 ER PT J AU Fournier, V Hagler, J Daane, K de Leon, J Groves, R AF Fournier, Valerie Hagler, James Daane, Kent de Leon, Jesse Groves, Russell TI Identifying the predator complex of Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae): a comparative study of the efficacy of an ELISA and PCR gut content assay SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE conservation biological control; ELISA; generalist predators; gut content; PCR; predator-prey interactions; spiders ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ALTERNATIVE PREY; INVERTEBRATE PREDATORS; FOOD-WEBS; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; GENERALIST PREDATORS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SECONDARY PREDATION; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA AB A growing number of ecologists are using molecular gut content assays to qualitatively measure predation. The two most popular gut content assays are immunoassays employing pest-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays employing pest-specific DNA. Here, we present results from the first study to simultaneously use both methods to identify predators of the glassy winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). A total of 1,229 arthropod predators, representing 30 taxa, were collected from urban landscapes in central California and assayed first by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a GWSS egg-specific mAb and then by PCR using a GWSS-specific DNA marker that amplifies a 197-base pair fragment of its cytochrome oxidase gene (subunit I). The gut content analyses revealed that GWSS remains were present in 15.5% of the predators examined, with 18% of the spiders and 11% of the insect predators testing positive. Common spider predators included members of the Salticidae, Clubionidae, Anyphaenidae, Miturgidae, and Corinnidae families. Common insect predators included lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), praying mantis (Mantodea: Mantidae), ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), and damsel bugs (Hemiptera: Nabidae). Comparison of the two assays indicated that they were not equally effective at detecting GWSS remains in predator guts. The advantages of combining the attributes of both types of assays to more precisely assess field predation and the pros and cons of each assay for mass-screening predators are discussed. C1 [Fournier, Valerie; Hagler, James] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Fournier, Valerie; Daane, Kent] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de Leon, Jesse] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Groves, Russell] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Dis & Pests Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Hagler, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM james.hagler@ars.usda.gov FU California Department of Food and Agriculture, the University of California's Pierce's Disease; USDA-ARS FX We would like to thank Jenny Barker, Juanita Corza, D. Patrick Dwyer, Marissa Gonzalez, Dan Langhorst, Lisa Ledezma, Xiufeng Li, Scott Machtley, Chrissie Pflipsen, Murray Pryor, Tarcisio Ruiz, Heather Terry, Erik Stone, and Glenn Yokota for their excellent technical support. We are also grateful to Brian Hogg for identifying spider specimens, James Eaves for helping with statistical analyses, and David Morgan and Isabelle Lauziere for providing GWSS prey specimens. The manuscript was improved by comments from Jeff Fabrick, Mark Sisterson, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by the California Department of Food and Agriculture, the University of California's Pierce's Disease Grant Program, and the USDA-ARS. NR 63 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2008 VL 157 IS 4 BP 629 EP 640 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1095-x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 348DK UT WOS:000259191000008 PM 18618149 ER PT J AU Coleman, TW Seybold, SJ AF Coleman, Tom W. Seybold, Steven J. TI Previously unrecorded damage to oak, Quercus spp., in southern California by the goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Agrilus coxalis; California; flatheaded borer; introduced species; oak mortality; Quercus agrifolia; Quercus chrysolepis; Quercus kelloggii; range expansion AB A new and potentially devastating pest of oaks, Quercus spp., has been discovered in southern California. The goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), colonizes the sapwood surface and phloem of the main stem and larger branches of at least three species of Quercus in San Diego Co., California. Larval feeding kills patches and strips of the phloem and cambium resulting in crown die back followed by mortality. In a survey of forest stand conditions at three sites in this area, 67% of the Quercus trees were found with external or internal evidence of A. coxalis attack. The literature and known distribution of A. coxalis are reviewed, and similarities in the behavior and impact of this species with other tree-killing Agrilus spp. are discussed. C1 [Coleman, Tom W.] Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, USDA, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. [Seybold, Steven J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Coleman, TW (reprint author), Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, USDA, 602 S Tippecanoe Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. EM twcoleman@fs.fed.us; sjseybold@gmail.com NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 EI 2162-0237 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 84 IS 4 BP 288 EP 300 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 442XC UT WOS:000265873000004 ER PT J AU Motil, KJ Ellis, KJ Barrish, JO Caeg, E Glaze, DG AF Motil, Kathleen J. Ellis, Kenneth J. Barrish, Judy O. Caeg, Erwin Glaze, Daniel G. TI Bone mineral content and bone mineral density are lower in older than in younger females with Rett syndrome SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEVERE CEREBRAL-PALSY; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BODY-COMPOSITION; NATURAL-HISTORY; MUTATION TYPE; CHILDREN; SCOLIOSIS; ADOLESCENTS; OSTEOPENIA; POPULATION AB Although bone mineral deficits have been identified in Rett syndrome (RTT), the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and its association with skeletal fractures and scoliosis has not been characterized fully in girls and women with RTT. Accordingly, we measured total body bone mineral content (BMC) and BNID using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in a cross-sectional group of 50 females, aged 2-39 y, with RTT. Methyl-CpG-binding 2 (MECP2) mutations, skeletal fractures, and scoliosis were documented. The prevalence of BMC and BMD z scores <-2 SD was 59 and 45%, respectively. Although absolute BMC and BMD increased significantly with increasing age, BMC, and BMD z scores were significantly lower in older than in younger females. The prevalence of fractures and scoliosis was 28 and 64%, respectively. Low BMD scores were positively associated with fractures and scoliosis. Deficits in BMD were identified across a broad range of MECP2 mutations. This study identified associations among low BNID, fractures, and scoliosis, and underscored the need for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of MECP2 in the regulation of bone mineral metabolism. C1 [Motil, Kathleen J.; Ellis, Kenneth J.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Motil, Kathleen J.; Ellis, Kenneth J.; Barrish, Judy O.; Caeg, Erwin; Glaze, Daniel G.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Glaze, Daniel G.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Motil, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kmotil@bcm.edu FU Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture [625051000]; National Institutes of Health [M01-RR00188]; General Clinical Research Center; Rett Syndrome Association of Illinois; The Blue Bird Circle FX Supported in part with federal funds from the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture under Cooperative Agreement number 625051000 the National Institutes of Health, M01-RR00188 General Clinical Research Center; and with funds provided by the Rett Syndrome Association of Illinois and The Blue Bird Circle. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 64 IS 4 BP 435 EP 439 DI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318180ebcd PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 352YA UT WOS:000259532100020 PM 18535484 ER PT J AU Uzelac, B Popovic, Z Mijovic, A Budimir, S Janosevic, D Smigocki, A Ninkovic, S AF Uzelac, Branka Popovic, Zorica Mijovic, Aleksandar Budimir, Snezana Janosevic, Dusica Smigocki, Ann Ninkovic, Slavica TI Growth habit and photosynthetic activity of shoot cultures of Medicago sativa L. transformed with the oryzacystatin II gene SO PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; chlorophyll fluorescence; CO(2) influx; genetic transformation; Medicago sativa; morphology; oryzacystatin II ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; SOMATIC EMBRYOS; TOBACCO PLANTS; ACCLIMATION; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; TOLERANCE; TISSUE; SHADE; CROP AB Background and Purpose: Introduction of a foreign gene into plant genome may induce morphological and physiological alterations in transgenic plants. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of gene introduction on morphology and photosynthetic activity of two transgenic alfalfa shoot cultures. Material and Methods: In vitro maintained shoot cultures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Zajecarska 83) that were transformed with the oryzacystatin II (OC-II) gene and propagated on growth regulator-free medium were subjected to analysis of morphological characteristics and photosynthetic activity. For analysis of morphological characteristics, the length of the main axis, the number of axillary and adventitious shoots, total number of leaves and the number of senesced leaves as well as plant dry mass were determined. Net photosynthetic rate was determined as CO(2) influx using a LI-6200 closed photosynthesis system. Photosynthetic function was assessed as the rate of basic chlorophyll fluorescence and determined with a Plant Stress Meter by method of induced fluorometry. Chlorophyll content in leaf samples was determined spectrophotometrically. Results: The most striking feature of transformed cultures was reduced apical dominance and the absence of adventitious roots. In comparison with Control, main axis length was also reduced. In addition, a general den-ease in photosynthesis in transgenic shoots was also observed. Conclusion: Both morphology and the key processes in photosynthesis were modified in transgenic shoots. However, the fact that transgenic plants carry a gene that confers pest resistance gives potential agronomic value to at least some of the clones whose morphological characteristics and photosynthetic activity were minimally, disturbed. C1 [Uzelac, Branka; Popovic, Zorica; Budimir, Snezana; Ninkovic, Slavica] Inst Biol Res Dr Sinisa Stankovic, Belgrade 11060, Serbia. [Janosevic, Dusica] Univ Belgrade, Fac Biol, Inst Bot, Belgrade, Serbia. [Janosevic, Dusica] Univ Belgrade, Bot Garden Jevremovac, Fac Biol, Belgrade, Serbia. [Smigocki, Ann] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mijovic, Aleksandar] US EPA, Minist Environm & Spatial Planning, Belgrade 11060, Serbia. RP Uzelac, B (reprint author), Inst Biol Res Dr Sinisa Stankovic, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade 11060, Serbia. EM branka@ibiss.bg.ac.yu FU Serbian Ministry of Science Environment Protection [143026B] FX This study was supported by the Serbian Ministry of Science Environment Protection, Grant No 143026B NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM PI ZAGREB PA HRVATSKO PRIRODOSLOVNO DRUSTVO ILICA 16/111, 41000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 0031-5362 J9 PERIOD BIOL JI Period. Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 231 EP 235 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 408BL UT WOS:000263408200003 ER PT J AU Krutz, LJ Burke, IC Reddy, KN Zablotowicz, RM AF Krutz, L. Jason Burke, Ian C. Reddy, Krishna N. Zablotowicz, Robert M. TI Evidence for cross-adaptation between s-triazine herbicides resulting in reduced efficacy under field conditions SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE enhanced degradation; cross-adaptation; weed control; atrazine; simazine ID SP STRAIN ADP; ENHANCED ATRAZINE DEGRADATION; PSEUDOMONAS SP; ALLOPHANATE HYDROLASE; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; SOIL; MINERALIZATION; PURIFICATION; BIODEGRADATION AB BACKGROUND: Enhanced atrazine degradation has been observed in agricultural soils from around the globe. Soils exhibiting enhanced atrazine degradation may be cross-adapted with other s-triazine herbicides, thereby reducing their control of sensitive weed species. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the field persistence of simazine in atrazine-adapted and non-adapted soils, (2) to compare mineralization of ring-labeled C-14-simazine and C-14-atrazine between atrazine-adapted and non-adapted soils and (3) to evaluate prickly sida control with simazine in atrazine-adapted and non-adapted soils. RESULTS: Pooled over two pre-emergent (PRE) application dates, simazine field persistence was 1.4-fold lower in atrazine-adapted than in non-adapted soils. For both simazine and atrazine, the mineralization lag phase was 4.3-fold shorter and the mineralization rate constant was 3.5-fold higher in atrazine-adapted than in non-adapted soils. Collectively, the persistence and mineralization data confirm cross-adaptation between these s-triazine herbicides. In non-adapted soils, simazine PRE at the 15 March and 17 April planting dates reduced prickly sida density at least 5.4-fold compared with the no simazine PRE treatment. Conversely, in atrazine-adapted soils, prickly sida densities were not statistically different between simazine PRE and no simazine PRE at either planting date, thereby indicating reduced simazine efficacy in atrazine-adapted soils. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate the potential for cross-adaptation among s-triazine herbicides and the subsequent reduction in the control of otherwise sensitive weed species. (C) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Krutz, L. Jason; Reddy, Krishna N.; Zablotowicz, Robert M.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Burke, Ian C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jason.krutz@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1024 EP 1030 DI 10.1002/ps.1601 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 350YQ UT WOS:000259390200006 PM 18473320 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Gao, CF Xu, ZP Zhu, YC Zhang, JS Li, WH Dai, DJ Lin, YW Zhou, WJ Shen, JL AF Wang, Yanhua Gao, Congfen Xu, Zhiping Zhu, Yu Cheng Zhang, Jiushuang Li, Wenhong Dai, Dejiang Lin, Youwei Zhou, Weijun Shen, Jinliang TI Buprofezin susceptibility survey, resistance selection and preliminary determination of the resistance mechanism in Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera : Delphacidae) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nilaparvata lugens; buprofezin; susceptibilities; resistance mechanism ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; IMIDACLOPRID RESISTANCE; CHITIN BIOSYNTHESIS; BROWN PLANTHOPPER; STAL HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; TAIWAN; INHIBITION; MIPC AB BACKGROUND: Buprofezin has been used for many years to control Nilaparvata lugens (Stal). Assessment of susceptibility change in the insect is essential for maintaining control efficiency and resistance management. RESULTS: Eleven-year surveys showed that most field populations were susceptible before 2004. However, substantially higher levels of resistance (up to 28-fold) were found in most of the rice fields in China after 2004. A field population was collected and periodically selected for buprofezin resistance in the laboratory. After 65 generations (56 were selected), the colony successfully obtained 3599-fold resistance to buprofezin. Synergism tests showed that O,O-diethyl-O-phenyl phosphorothioate (SV1), piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) increased buprofezin toxicity in the resistant strain by only 1.5-1.6 fold, suggesting that esterases, P450-monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases had no substantial effect on buprofezin resistance development. CONCLUSION: The results from this study indicate that N. lugens has the potential to develop high resistance to buprofezin. A resistance management program with rotation of buprofezin and other pesticides may efficiently delay or slow down resistance development in the insect. Further investigation is also necessary to understand the resistance mechanisms in N. lugens. (C) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Wang, Yanhua; Gao, Congfen; Xu, Zhiping; Zhang, Jiushuang; Li, Wenhong; Dai, Dejiang; Lin, Youwei; Zhou, Weijun; Shen, Jinliang] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Minist Agr,Dept Pesticide Sci, Key Lab Monitoring & Management Plant Dis & Insect, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yanhua] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual & Stand Agroprod, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Yu Cheng] USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shen, JL (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Minist Agr,Dept Pesticide Sci, Key Lab Monitoring & Management Plant Dis & Insect, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov; jlshen@njau.edu.cn FU China Ministry of Agriculture FX The authors are grateful to Prof. Xianian Cheng (Nanjing Agricultural University) for his advice, and to Dr Xinzhi Ni (USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA) and Dr Ming Shun Chen (USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS) for their valuable comments and suggestions for improving an early version of this manuscript. This research was funded by the China Ministry of Agriculture.Replacing High-toxicity Pesticides Program of the China Ministry of Agriculture. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1050 EP 1056 DI 10.1002/ps.1606 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 350YQ UT WOS:000259390200009 PM 18506673 ER PT J AU Wang, HZ Wu, JJ Yates, S Gan, J AF Wang, Haizhen Wu, Jianjun Yates, Scott Gan, Jay TI Residues of C-14-metsulfuron-methyl in Chinese paddy soils SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE metsulfuron-methyl; extractable residues; non-extractable residues; soil pH ID METSULFURON-METHYL; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; BOUND RESIDUES; CHLORSULFURON; FATE; DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS; ADSORPTION; MODE AB BACKGROUND: Metsulfuron-methyl is widely used for controlling many annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereal crops. Nonetheless, increasing evidence has demonstrated that even extremely low levels of metsulfuron-methyl residues in soil can be toxic to subsequent crops or non-target organisms. The behavior of herbicides in soils is mostly related to their residual forms. The intent of the present study was to investigate the dynamics of extractable residues (ERs) and non-extractable residues (NERs) of C-14-metsulfuron-methyl in twelve Chinese paddy soils and their relationships to soil properties. RESULTS: ERs decreased gradually after application, whereas NERs increased rapidly during the initial 28 days, and gradually decreased thereafter. ERs and NERs were respectively 10.1-67.9% and 5.6-28.7% of applied radioactivity in soils at 224 days after application. ERs correlated positively with soil pH and silt fractions, and negatively with microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and clay fractions, but the opposite was observed for NERs. CONCLUSION: Both ERs and NERs may be present in the soil at the time of planting following rice crops, and the risk of phytotoxic effects needs to be considered. Soil pH, MBC and clay/silt fractions were the main factors in affecting the amounts of both ERs and NERs of metsulfuron-methyl in the tested soils. (C) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Wang, Haizhen; Wu, Jianjun] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Soil & Water Resources & Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Haizhen; Wu, Jianjun] Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Subtrop Soil & Plant Nutr, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Haizhen; Yates, Scott] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Yates, Scott; Gan, Jay] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Wang, HZ (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Inst Soil & Water Resources & Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM mywhz@163.com FU National Key Technologies R&D Program of China [2006BAD17B06]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40701075]; Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation [Y306275] FX The authors thank Prof. Dr Qingfu Ye and his group at the Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, for help in radioactivity analysis. Financial support was provided by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (No. 2006BAD17B06), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40701075) and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. Y306275). NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1074 EP 1079 DI 10.1002/ps.1607 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 350YQ UT WOS:000259390200013 PM 18506672 ER PT J AU Walton, JT AF Walton, Jeffrey T. TI Subpixel urban land cover estimation: Comparing Cubist, Random Forests, and support vector regression SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION ABUNDANCE; DECISION TREES; CLASSIFICATION; MACHINES; IMAGERY; TUTORIAL; SURFACES; DATABASE AB Three machine learning subpixel estimation methods (Cubist, Random Forests, and support vector regression) were applied to estimate urban cover. Urban forest canopy cover and impervious surface cover were estimated from Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery using a higher resolution cover map resampled to 30 m as training and reference data. Three different band combinations (reflectance, tasseled cap, and both reflectance and tasseled cap plus thermal) were compared for their effectiveness with each of the methods. Thirty different training site number and size combinations were also tested. Support vector regression on the tasseled cap bands was found to be the best estimator for urban forest canopy cover, while Cubist performed best using the reflectance plus tasseled cap band combination when predicting impervious surface cover. More training data partitioned in many small training sites generally produces better estimation results. C1 [Walton, Jeffrey T.] Paul Smiths Coll, Forestry Nat Resources & Recreat Div, Paul Smiths, NY 12970 USA. [Walton, Jeffrey T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Walton, JT (reprint author), Paul Smiths Coll, Forestry Nat Resources & Recreat Div, Routes 86 & 30,POB 265, Paul Smiths, NY 12970 USA. EM jwalton@paulsmiths.edu FU USDA Forest Service's RPA Assessment Staff and State & Private Forestry's Urban and Community Forestry Program FX Several people provided useful comments and reviews of this manuscript, including: Gregory Bacon, Andrew Lister, David Nowak, Rachel Riemann, and John Stanovick of the USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station, and Stephen Stehman Of SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Funding for this project was provided, in part, by the USDA Forest Service's RPA Assessment Staff and State & Private Forestry's Urban and Community Forestry Program. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this article is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 77 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 10 SI SI BP 1213 EP 1222 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 354GG UT WOS:000259626300005 ER PT J AU Edelman, M Mattoo, AK AF Edelman, Marvin Mattoo, Autar K. TI D1-protein dynamics in photosystem II: the lingering enigma SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Photosynthesis; Protein turnover; Reaction center protein; Reactive oxygen species; Spirodela oligorrhiza; Arabidopsis thaliana ID REACTION-CENTER PROTEIN; SYNECHOCYSTIS SP PCC-6803; LIGHT-DEPENDENT DEGRADATION; METABOLIZED 32-KILODALTON PROTEIN; PHOTODAMAGED D1 PROTEIN; OXYGEN-EVOLVING COMPLEX; SP STRAIN PCC-7942; IN-VIVO; SINGLET OXYGEN; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII AB The D1/D2 heterodimer core is the heart of the photosystem II reaction center. A characteristic feature of this heterodimer is the differentially rapid, light-dependent degradation of the D1 protein. The D1 protein is possibly the most researched photosynthetic polypeptide, with aspects of structure-function, gene, messenger and protein regulation, electron transport, reactive oxygen species, photoinhibition, herbicide binding, stromal-granal translocations, reversible phosphorylation, and specific proteases, all under intensive investigation more than three decades after the protein's debut in the literature. This review will touch on some treaded areas of D1 research that have, so far, defied clear resolution, as well as cutting edge research on mechanisms and consequences of D1 protein degradation. C1 [Edelman, Marvin] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Mattoo, Autar K.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Edelman, M (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM marvin.edelman@weizmann.ac.il; autar.mattoo@ars.usda.gov RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 130 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 609 EP 620 DI 10.1007/s11120-008-9342-x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 382AV UT WOS:000261577900051 PM 18709440 ER PT J AU Fravel, DR Moravec, BC Jones, RW Costanzo, S AF Fravel, D. R. Moravec, B. C. Jones, R. W. Costanzo, S. TI Characterization of two ABC transporters from biocontrol and phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici; Fusarium wilt; Solanum lycopersicum (tomato); Biological control; ABC transporter ID ATP-BINDING CASSETTE; PATHOGENICITY; DISEASE; WHEAT AB Sequence comparisons of ABC transporter genes from two strains of Fusarium oxysporum (one biocontrol and one phytopathogenic (f. sp. lycopersici Race 1) isolates) to 16 sequences from other fungi among those deposited in GenBank indicated that these genes are well conserved. However, sequences of promoter and 5' UTR regions of a previously characterized ABC transporter gene FoABC1 differed between 8 phytopathogenic and 11 biocontrol strains of F. oxysporum. A phylogenetic analysis of promoter sequences indicated that pathogenic strains were grouped in a single clade, clearly distinct from clades with biocontrol agents. Although sequencing of promoter regions was done on only 20 strains, results suggest that FoABC1 may be regulated differently between phytopathogenic and biocontrol strains of the fungus. In studies on the activity (RNA) of FoABC1 in the presence of the fungicide thiram, one pathogen was down regulated to undetectable levels by a brief exposure to thiram, the other pathogenic strain was not affected, while the one of the two biocontrol strains was up regulated and expression of FoABC1 in the other biocontrol strain was not changed. After a 1 h exposure to thiram, the level of expression of one pathogen remained down regulated to undetectable levels, while the other pathogen and both biocontrol agents were up regulated compared to the time zero control. Additional research is needed to further understand the significance of the genetic difference in promoter regions between phytopathogenic and biocontrol strains for FoABC1. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fravel, D. R.; Moravec, B. C.; Jones, R. W.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Costanzo, S.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Fravel, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM deborah.fravel@ars.usda.gov; brian.moravec@ars.usda.gov; richard.jones@ars.usda.gov; stefano.costanzo@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2008.09.004 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 463FY UT WOS:000267416700002 ER PT J AU Oehrle, NW Sarma, AD Waters, JK Emerich, DW AF Oehrle, Nathan W. Sarma, Annamraju D. Waters, James K. Emerich, David W. TI Proteomic analysis of soybean nodule cytosol SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Leguminosae; Proteomics; Soybean; Nodules; Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Glycolysis; 2D Electrophoresis; Mass spectrometry ID BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM BACTEROIDS; VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN; ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR; ROOT-NODULES; GLYCINE-MAX; PERIBACTEROID MEMBRANE; MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; SUCROSE SYNTHASE; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION AB An isolation procedure for soybean (Glycine max L. cv Williams 82) nodule cytosol proteins was developed which greatly improved protein resolution by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The most abundant proteins were selected and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The identified proteins were categorized by function (% of total proteins analyzed): carbon metabolism (28%), nitrogen metabolism (12%), reactive oxygen metabolism (12%) and vesicular trafficking (11%). The first three categories were expected based on the known physiological functions of the symbiotic nitrogen fixation process. The number of proteins involved in vesicular trafficking suggests a very active exchange of macromolecules and membrane components. Among the 69 identified proteins were the enzymes of the three carbon portion of glycolysis, which were further characterized to support their roles in the sucrose synthase pathway to provide malate for the bacteroids. Proteomic analysis provides a functional tool by which to understand and further investigate nodule function. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sarma, Annamraju D.; Emerich, David W.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Oehrle, Nathan W.] Univ Missouri, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Waters, James K.] Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn, Chem Labs, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Emerich, DW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM EmerichD@Missouri.edu FU USDA [CREES 2004-25604-14708] FX We acknowledge the help of Brian Mooney and Beverly DaGue at the University of Missouri Proteomics Core Facility and the support of USDA Grant CREES 2004-25604-14708. NR 80 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD OCT PY 2008 VL 69 IS 13 BP 2426 EP 2438 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.07.004 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 374DX UT WOS:000261024000002 PM 18757068 ER PT J AU Xie, WS McMahan, CM DeGraw, AJ Distefano, MD Cornish, K Whalen, MC Shintani, DK AF Xie, Wenshuang McMahan, Colleen M. DeGraw, Amanda J. Distefano, Mark D. Cornish, Katrina Whalen, Maureen C. Shintani, David K. TI Initiation of rubber biosynthesis: In vitro comparisons of benzophenone-modified diphosphate analogues in three rubber-producing species SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Parthenium argentatum; Guayule; Ficus elastica; Hevea brasiliensis; Photoaffinity labeling; Benzophenone; Allylic pyrophosphate; Farnesyl pyrophosphate; Rubber transferase; Cis-prenyltransferase ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM GRAY; YEAST PROTEIN FARNESYLTRANSFERASE; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; CIS-1,4-POLYISOPRENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ISOPENTENYL PYROPHOSPHATE; FARNESYL PYROPHOSPHATE; BENZOYLBENZOATE ESTERS; TRANSFERASE-ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; NATURAL-RUBBER AB Natural rubber, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, is a vital industrial material synthesized by plants via a side branch of the isoprenoid pathway by the enzyme rubber transferase. While the specific structure of this enzyme is not yet defined, based on activity it is probably a cis-prenyl transferase. Photoactive functionalized substrate analogues have been successfully used to identify isoprenoid-utilizing enzymes such as cis- and trans-prenyltransferases, and initiator binding of an allylic pyrophosphate molecule in rubber transferase has similar features to these systems. In this paper, a series of benzophenone-modified initiator analogues were shown to successfully initiate rubber biosynthesis in vitro in enzymatically-active washed rubber particles from Ficus elastica, Hevea brasiliensis and Parthenium argentatum. Rubber transferases from all three species initiated rubber biosynthesis most efficiently with farnesyl pyrophosphate. However, rubber transferase had a higher affinity for benzophenone geranyl pyrophosphate (Bz-GPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (Bz-DMAPP) analogues with ether-linkages than the corresponding GPP or DMAPP. In contrast, ester-linked Bz-DMAPP analogues were less efficient initiators than DMAPP. Thus, rubber biosynthesis depends on both the size and the structure of Bz-initiator molecules. Kinetic studies thereby inform selection of specific probes for covalent photolabeling of the initiator binding site of rubber transferase. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Xie, Wenshuang; McMahan, Colleen M.; Whalen, Maureen C.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Xie, Wenshuang; Shintani, David K.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [DeGraw, Amanda J.; Distefano, Mark D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cornish, Katrina] Yulex Corp, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP McMahan, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM colleen.mcmahan@ars.usda.gov RI McMahan, Colleen/B-2205-2009; Xie, Wenshuang/K-3084-2014 OI Xie, Wenshuang/0000-0003-4504-8609 FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research [DBI 0321690]; Functional Identification of Rubber Biosynthetic Genes; Crop Plants and Bioreactors", USDA-CSREES-IFAFS [5325-41000-019-05R] FX We thank Drs. James Thompson and Christopher Mau for their critical review of this manuscript. We acknowledge Dr. Deborah Scott for helpful suggestions. Ms. De Wood of USDA-ARS provided the beautiful electron micrograph of the washed rubber particle. Dr. Terry Coffelt of USDA-ARS-USALARC kindly provided P. argentatum materials for the washed rubber particle isolation, and Dr. R. Krishnakumar the H. brasiliensis washed rubber particles. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program DBI 0321690, Functional Identification of Rubber Biosynthetic Genes, and by the 5325-41000-019-05R "Commercial and Strategic Rubber from Crop Plants and Bioreactors", USDA-CSREES-IFAFS. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD OCT PY 2008 VL 69 IS 14 BP 2539 EP 2545 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.07.011 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 377YZ UT WOS:000261289600002 PM 18799172 ER PT J AU Young, JM Allen, C Coutinho, T Denny, T Elphinstone, J Fegan, M Gillings, M Gottwald, TR Graham, JH Iacobellis, NS Janse, JD Jacques, MA Lopez, MM Morris, CE Parkinson, N Prior, P Pruvost, O Neto, JR Scortichini, M Takikawa, Y Upper, CD AF Young, J. M. Allen, C. Coutinho, T. Denny, T. Elphinstone, J. Fegan, M. Gillings, M. Gottwald, T. R. Graham, J. H. Iacobellis, N. S. Janse, J. D. Jacques, M. -A. Lopez, M. M. Morris, C. E. Parkinson, N. Prior, P. Pruvost, O. Rodrigues Neto, J. Scortichini, M. Takikawa, Y. Upper, C. D. TI Plant-pathogenic bacteria as biological weapons - Real threats? SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROPS; AGROTERRORISM; BIOTERRORISM; SECURITY; DISEASE; US AB At present, much attention is being given to the potential of plant pathogens, including plant-pathogenic bacteria. as biological weapons/bioterror weapons. These two terms are sometimes used interchangeably and there is need for care in their application. It has been claimed that clandestine introduction of certain plant-pathogenic bacteria could Cause such crop losses as to impact so significantly on a national economy and thus constitute a threat to national security. As a separate Outcome, it is suggested that they could cause serious public alarm, perhaps constituting a source of terror. Legislation is now in place to regulate selected plant-pathogenic bacteria as potential weapons. However, we consider it highly doubtful that any plant-pathogenic bacterium has the requisite capabilities to justify Such a classification. Even if they were so capable, the differentiation of pathogens into a special category with regulations that are even more restrictive than those currently applied in quarantine legislation of most jurisdictions offers no obvious benefit. Moreover, we believe that such regulations are disadvantageous insofar as they limit research on precisely those pathogens most in need of study. Whereas some human and animal pathogens may have potential as biological or bioterror weapons, we conclude that it is unlikely that any plant-pathogenic bacterium realistically falls into this category. C1 [Young, J. M.] Landcare Res, Auckland, New Zealand. [Allen, C.; Upper, C. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Coutinho, T.] Univ Pretoria, Forestry & Agr Biotechnol Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Denny, T.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Elphinstone, J.; Parkinson, N.] Cent Sci Lab, Dept Food Environm & Rural Affairs, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Fegan, M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Mol & Microbial Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Gillings, M.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Genes Geosci Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Gottwald, T. R.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Graham, J. H.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Iacobellis, N. S.] Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Biol Difesa & Biotecnol Agroforestal, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Janse, J. D.] Dutch Gen Inspect Serv, Dept Lab Methods & Diagnost, NL-8300 BC Emmeloord, Netherlands. [Jacques, M. -A.] INRA, UMR PaVe 077, F-49071 Beaucouze, France. [Lopez, M. M.] Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, Valencia 46113, Spain. [Morris, C. E.] INRA, UR Pathol Vegetale 407, F-84140 Montfavet, France. [Parkinson, N.; Prior, P.] Univ La Reunion, CIRAD, UMR Peuplements Vegetaux & Bioagresseurs Milieu T, St Pierre 97410, Reunion. [Pruvost, O.] Ctr Expt Inst Biol, Lab Bacteriol Vegetal, BR-13001970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Rodrigues Neto, J.] CRA Ctr Ric Frutticoltuta, I-00134 Rome, Italy. [Scortichini, M.] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Agr, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. RP Young, JM (reprint author), Landcare Res, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. EM youngj@landcareresearch.co.nz RI Gillings, Michael/C-6553-2008; Graham, James/B-7049-2008; Lopez, Maria/D-2584-2015; OI Scortichini, Marco/0000-0003-1565-9097 FU NRI-CSREES Plant Bio-Security [2007-55605-17843] FX Publication was partly supported by an NRI-CSREES Plant Bio-Security grant (2007-55605-17843) to C. Allen. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 98 IS 10 BP 1060 EP 1065 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-10-1060 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350IG UT WOS:000259345400002 PM 18943451 ER PT J AU Gent, DH Turechek, WW Mahaffee, WF AF Gent, D. H. Turechek, W. W. Mahaffee, W. F. TI Spatial and temporal stability of the estimated parameters of the binary power law SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quantitative epidemiology; Sphaerotheca macularis ID PLANT-DISEASE INCIDENCE; HOP POWDERY MILDEW; CROP LOSS ASSESSMENT; PATTERN ANALYSIS; LEAF-BLIGHT; HETEROGENEITY; AGGREGATION; STRAWBERRY; CLASSIFICATION; HIERARCHY AB The incidence of hop powdery mildew on leaves, caused by Podosphaera macularis, collected from 1,606 transects in 77 commercial hop yards in Oregon and Washington over 9 years was used to assess variability in heterogeneity of disease and the estimated binary power law parameters. Spatial analyses of data sets were conducted at the level of individual rows (row level) and multiple rows within a yard (yard level). The binary power law provided a good fit to all data sets, with R-2 values ranging from 0.933 to 0.993. At the row level, the intercept parameter ln(A(x)) was > 0 for 8 years, but was not significantly greater than 0 in 2006. The parameter b was greater than I for all row-level data sets collected from 1999 to 2005, but was < 1 in 2006 and not significantly different from 1 in 2007. Covariance analysis indicated the factor 'region' affected ln(A(x)) in 3 years, and b in 2 years. 'Cultivar' had an effect on ln(A(x)) in 3 years and b in year. At the yard level, ln(A(x)) was greater than 0 for 6 years, but in 2006 and 2007, ln(A(x)) was not significantly different from 0. The slope parameter b was greater than 1 in 6 years, but was not significantly different from 1 in 2006 and 2007. Differences in b among years were large enough to have practical implications for sample sizes and precision of fixed and sequential sampling. Although the binary power law parameter tended to be relatively stable, variability of the estimated parameters may have practical consequences for sampling precision and costs. C1 [Gent, D. H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Turechek, W. W.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Mahaffee, W. F.] Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Gent, DH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gentd@onid.orst.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS [303-5358-22000-030-00D, 5358-21000-035-00] FX Financial support was provided by USDA-ARS CRIS 303-5358-22000-030-00D and 5358-21000-035-00. We thank S. J. Pethybridge and D. Shah for their critical review of an earlier draft of the manuscript and the many individuals that assisted in disease assessments and the hop growers that allowed us access to their farms for sampling. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 98 IS 10 BP 1107 EP 1117 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-10-1107 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350IG UT WOS:000259345400008 PM 18943457 ER PT J AU Puthoff, DP Neelam, A Ehrenfried, ML Scheffler, BE Ballard, L Song, Q Campbell, KB Cooper, B Tucker, ML AF Puthoff, D. P. Neelam, A. Ehrenfried, M. L. Scheffler, B. E. Ballard, L. Song, Q. Campbell, K. B. Cooper, B. Tucker, M. L. TI Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Uromyces appendiculatus hyphae and haustoria and their comparison to sequences from other rust fungi SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tags; gene expression; secretome ID SECRETED PROTEINS; NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION; CDNA LIBRARY; FABAE; INFECTION; ABSCISSION; SIGNALS; LEAVES; PLANTS; GENES AB Hyphae, 2 to 8 days postinoculation (dpi), and haustoria, 5 dpi. were isolated from Uromyces appendiculatus infected bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto 111) and a separate cDNA library prepared for each fungal preparation. Approximately 10,000 hyphae and 2,700 haustoria clones were sequenced from both the 5' and 3' ends. Assembly of all of the fungal sequences yielded 3,359 contigs and 927 singletons. The U. appendiculatus sequences were compared with sequence data for other rust fungi, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Uromyces fabae, and Puccinia graminis. The U. appendiculatus haustoria library included a large number of genes with unknown cellular function; however, summation of sequences of known cellular function suggested that haustoria at 5 dpi had fewer transcripts linked to protein synthesis in favor of energy metabolism and nutrient uptake. In addition, open reading frames in the U. appendiculatus data set with an N-terminal signal peptide were identified and compared with other proteins putatively secreted from rust fungi. In this regard, a small family of putatively secreted RTP1-like proteins was identified in U. appendiculatus and P. graminis. C1 [Puthoff, D. P.; Neelam, A.; Ehrenfried, M. L.; Song, Q.; Cooper, B.; Tucker, M. L.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Scheffler, B. E.; Ballard, L.] USDA ARS, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Tucker, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mark.tucker@ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 98 IS 10 BP 1126 EP 1135 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-10-1126 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350IG UT WOS:000259345400010 PM 18943459 ER PT J AU Pusey, PL Stockwell, VO Rudell, DR AF Pusey, P. L. Stockwell, V. O. Rudell, D. R. TI Antibiosis and acidification by Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 may contribute to suppression of Erwinia amylovora SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malus pumila ID HAWTHORN CRATAEGUS-MONOGYNA; FIRE BLIGHT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; PROTECTED CONDITIONS; PEAR BLOSSOMS; IN-VITRO; HERBICOLA; APPLE; MICROORGANISMS AB Pantoea agglomerans strain E325, a commercially available antagonist for fire blight of apple and pear, was originally selected through screening based on suppression of Erwinia amylovora on flower stigmas, but specific mechanisms of antagonism were unknown. Bacterial modification of pH was evaluated as a possible mechanism by analyzing stigma exudates extracted from 'Gala' apple stigmas. The pH values for field samples were only slightly lower than controls, but indicated a range (pH 5 to 6) conducive for antibiotic activity according to Subsequent assays. Under low-phosphate and low-pH conditions, an antibacterial product of E325 with high specificity to E. amylovora was effective at low concentrations. A minimum of 20 to 40 ng of a ninhydrin-reactive compound purified using RP-HPLC caused visible inhibition in assays. Activity was heat stable and unaffected by amino acids, iron, or enzymes known to affect antibiotics of P. agglomerans. Antibiosis was diminished, however, under basic conditions, and with increasing phosphate concentrations at pH 6 and 7. Inhibition was not observed in media containing phosphate concentrations commonly used in antibiosis assays. We propose that E325 suppresses the fire blight pathogen not only by competing for nutrients on the stigma, but by producing an antibiotic specific to E. amylovora. Further work is necessary to substantiate that the compound is produced and active on flower stigmas. C1 [Pusey, P. L.; Rudell, D. R.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Stockwell, V. O.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Pusey, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM larry.pusey@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 98 IS 10 BP 1136 EP 1143 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-10-1136 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350IG UT WOS:000259345400011 PM 18943460 ER PT J AU Chaney, RL Chen, KY Li, YM Angle, JS Baker, AJM AF Chaney, Rufus L. Chen, Kuang-Yu Li, Yin-Ming Angle, J. Scott Baker, Alan J. M. TI Effects of calcium on nickel tolerance and accumulation in Alyssum species and cabbage grown in nutrient solution SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE hyperaccumulation; magnesium; phytoextraction; phytoremediation serpentine ID SERPENTINE; MAGNESIUM; NUTRITION; TOXICITY; PLANTS; HYPERACCUMULATOR; GENERA; ACID; ZINC; SOIL AB Nickel (Ni) phytoextraction using hyperaccumulator plant species to accumulate Ni from mineralized and contaminated soils rich in Ni is undergoing commercial development. Serpentinite derived soils have a very low ratio of Ca/Mg among soils due the nature of the parent rock. In crop plants, soil Ca reduces Ni uptake and phytotoxicity, so it is possible that the low Ca of serpentine soils could limit hyperaccumulator plant tolerance of serpentine soils used for commercial phytomining. In this study, we investigated the effects of varied Ca concentration in the presence of high Mg characteristic of serpentine soils on Ni uptake and tolerance by serpentine-endemic species Alyssum murale Waldst. et Kit. and A. pintodasilvae T.R. Dudley in comparison with cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capita) in a nutrient solution study. The levels of Ca and Mg used were based on serpentine and normal soils, and Ni was based on achieving over 1% Ni in Alyssum shoots in preliminary tests. Varied solution concentrations of Ni (31.6-1,000 mu M for Alyssum, 1.0-10 mu M for cabbage) and Ca (0.128-5 mM) were used in a factorial experimental design; 2 mM Mg was used to mimic serpentine soils. Alyssum spp. showed much greater tolerance to high Ni, high Mg, and low Ca solution concentrations than cabbage. For Alyssum spp., Ni induced phytotoxicity was only apparent at 1,000 mu M Ni with relatively low and high Ca/Mg quotient. In the 1,000 mu M Ni treatment, shoot Ni concentrations ranged from 8.18 to 22.8 g kg(-1) for A. murale and 7.60 to 16.0 g kg(-1) for A. pintodasilvae. Normal solution Ca concentrations (0.8-2 mM) gave the best yield across all Ni treatments for the Alyssum species tested. It was clear that solution Ca levels affected shoot Ni concentration, shoot yield and Ni translocation from root to shoot, but the relation was non-linear, increasing with increasing Ca up to 2 mM Ca, then declining at the highest Ca. Our results indicate that Ca addition to high Mg serpentine soils with very low Ca/Mg ratio may reduce Ni phytotoxicity and improve annual Ni phytoextraction by Alyssum hyperaccumulator species. Removal of shoot biomass in phytomining will require Ca application to maintain full yield potential. C1 [Chaney, Rufus L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chen, Kuang-Yu] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Yin-Ming] Viridian Environm LLC, Houston, TX USA. [Angle, J. Scott] Univ Georgia, Sch Agr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Baker, Alan J. M.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Chaney, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rufus.Chaney@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2008 VL 311 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s11104-008-9664-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 346BG UT WOS:000259042800012 ER PT J AU Funnell-Harris, DL Pedersen, JF Marx, DB AF Funnell-Harris, Deanna L. Pedersen, Jeffrey F. Marx, David B. TI Effect of sorghum seedlings, and previous crop, on soil fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol; cycling; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; sorgoleone; Triticum aestivum L ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; PLANT-PROTECTION; TAKE-ALL; WHEAT; RHIZOSPHERE AB Hypotheses in which sorghum seedlings [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] of different genotypes will differentially modify soil microorganisms and will affect subsequent planting of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings, were tested. Wheat cultivar Lewjain, and sorghum genotypes Redlan and RTx433, were planted into soils previously planted with wheat or sorghum in growth chamber experiments. Total culturable fungi and oomycetes, and fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. numbers (cfu) were determined. Pseudomonads were screened for hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, for the presence of the phlD gene for 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production (Phl) and for a region of the operon involved in phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) production. Pasteurized soils were inoculated with rifampicin-marked strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens then planted with Lewjain, Redlan and RTx433 to assess rhizosphere and soil colonization. Effects of plant species, sorghum genotype and previous crop on culturable fungi and oomycetes, and pseudomonad numbers (cfu g(-1) soil) were statistically significant. Soils planted with RTx433 or Lewjain had greater numbers of fungal cfu than soils planted with Redlan. When Lewjain seedlings were grown in soil previously planted with RTx433, there were greater numbers of fungal cfu than when Lewjain was planted into Redlan soil. Wheat planted into wheat soil resulted in statistically significantly fewer numbers of pseudomonads than when planted into sorghum soil. Overall, percentages of HCN-producing pseudomonads increased, especially when wheat seedlings were planted in wheat soil. For most treatments, percent of isolates with Phl declined, except when Redlan was planted into Redlan soil, which resulted in increased Phl isolates. When rifampicin-marked P. fluorescens isolates were applied to pasteurized soil, sorghum seedlings sustained rhizosphere and soil populations similar to those on wheat. Sorghum genotypes may differ in associations with soil microorganisms, suggesting that they may differentially affect numbers of fluorescent pseudomonads in cropping systems. C1 [Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Marx, David B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Funnell-Harris, DL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, 314 Biochem Hall,UNL E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Deanna.Funnell-Harris@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2008 VL 311 IS 1-2 BP 173 EP 187 DI 10.1007/s11104-008-9669-2 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 346BG UT WOS:000259042800016 ER PT J AU Burgal, J Shockey, J Lu, CF Dyer, J Larson, T Graham, I Browse, J AF Burgal, Julie Shockey, Jay Lu, Chaofu Dyer, John Larson, Tony Graham, Ian Browse, John TI Metabolic engineering of hydroxy fatty acid production in plants: RcDGAT2 drives dramatic increases in ricinoleate levels in seed oil SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acyltransferase; diacylglycerol; Kennedy pathway; triacylglycerol ID ENCODING DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; RICINUS-COMMUNIS L; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MICROSOMAL PREPARATIONS; TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SN-2 POSITION; RAPESEED OIL AB A central goal of green chemistry is to produce industrially useful fatty acids in oilseed crops. Although genes encoding suitable fatty acid-modifying enzymes are available from many wild species, progress has been limited because the expression of these genes in transgenic plants produces low yields of the desired products. For example, Ricinus communis fatty acid hydroxylase 12 (FAH12) produces a maximum of only 17% hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) when expressed in Arabidopsis. cDNA clones encoding R. communis enzymes for additional steps in the seed oil biosynthetic pathway were identified. Expression of these cDNAs in FAH12 transgenic plants revealed that the R. communis type-2 acyl-coenzyme A;diacylglycerol acyltransferase (RcDGAT2) could increase WAS from 17% to nearly 30%. Detailed comparisons of seed neutral lipids from the single- and double-transgenic lines indicated that RcDGAT2 substantially modified the triacylglycerol (TAG) pool, with significant increases in most of the major TAG species observed in native castor bean oil. These data suggest that RcDGAT2 prefers acyl-coenzyme A and diacylglycerol substrates containing HFAs, and biochemical analyses of RcDGAT2 expressed in yeast cells confirmed a strong preference for HFA-containing diacylglycerol substrates. Our results demonstrate that pathway engineering approaches can be used successfully to increase the yields of industrial feedstocks in plants, and that members of the DGAT2 gene family probably play a key role in this process. C1 [Burgal, Julie; Shockey, Jay; Lu, Chaofu; Browse, John] Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Dyer, John] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Larson, Tony; Graham, Ian] Univ York, Ctr Novel Agr Prod, Dept Biol, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. RP Browse, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Clark Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jab@wsu.edu OI Shockey, Jay/0000-0002-5057-5457; Larson, Tony/0000-0003-1337-3482 FU Dow Chemical Co. & Dow AgroSciences; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research Education & Extension Service [2006-03263]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0701919]; Agricultural Research Center at Washington State University; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council of the UK FX We thank Dr Sten Stymne and Dr Ulf Stahl for providing yeast strains, and Dr Tom McKeon (USDA-ARS, Albany) for the generous gift of diricinolein. We thank Dr Jim Wallis and Chris Skidmore (Washington State University, Pullman) for assistance with plant growth, lipid analysis and manuscript preparation. This work was supported by Dow Chemical Co. & Dow AgroSciences, the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research Education & Extension Service (Grant 2006-03263), the National Science Foundation (Grant DBI-0701919), the Agricultural Research Center at Washington State University and the Underwood Fellowship (administered by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council of the UK). NR 51 TC 124 Z9 136 U1 7 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 6 IS 8 BP 819 EP 831 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00361.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 354LS UT WOS:000259641700006 PM 18643899 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MA Herman, EM AF Schmidt, Monica A. Herman, Eliot M. TI Proteome rebalancing in soybean seeds can be exploited to enhance foreign protein accumulation SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conglycinin; glycinin; green fluorescent protein; protein body; seed; soybean; transgenic ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO SEEDS; MAIZE GAMMA-ZEIN; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; STORAGE PROTEIN; HIGH-LEVEL; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; GENE; EXPRESSION; PLANTS AB Seeds possess a high intrinsic capacity for protein production that makes them a desirable bioreactor platform for the manufacture of transgenic products. One strategy to enhance foreign protein production involves exchanging the capacity to produce intrinsic proteins for the capacity to produce a high level of foreign proteins. Suppression of the alpha/alpha' subunit of beta-conglycinin storage protein synthesis in soybean has been shown previously to result in an increase in the accumulation of the glycinin storage protein, some of which is sequestered as proglycinin into de novo endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived protein bodies. The exchange of glycinin for conglycinin is quantitative, with the remodelled soybeans possessing a normal protein content with an altered proteome. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-kdel reporter was transferred in a construct using the glycinin promoter and terminator to mimic glycinin gene expression. When expressed in soybean seeds, GFP-kdel accreted to form ER-derived protein bodies. The introgression of GFP-kdel into the alpha/alpha' subunit of the beta-conglycinin suppression background resulted in a fourfold enhancement of GFP-kdel accumulation to > 7% (w/w) of the total protein in soybean seeds. The resulting seeds accumulated a single population of ER membrane-bound protein bodies that contained both GFP-kdel and glycinin. Thus, the collateral proteome rebalancing that occurs with the suppression of intrinsic proteins in soybean can be exploited to produce an enhanced level of foreign proteins. C1 [Schmidt, Monica A.; Herman, Eliot M.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Herman, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM eherman@danforthcenter.org NR 45 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 6 IS 8 BP 832 EP 842 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00364.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 354LS UT WOS:000259641700007 PM 18694455 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Han, J Berdahl, JD AF Yang, Y. Han, J. Berdahl, J. D. TI Allozyme diversity of Russian wildrye accessions SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Russian wildrye; allozyme diversity; genetic diversity; polymorphism; plant breeding; plant conservation ID SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; F-STATISTICS; ISOZYME; MARKERS; TRAITS; KOREA AB Analysis of genetic diversity among plant accessions plays an important role in developing strategies for plant breeding and the conservation of genetic resources. Therefore, we sought to estimate the extent of genetic diversity present among and within 29 Russian wildrye accessions, which were collected from widespread geographic sites. We assessed the genetic diversity of eight enzymes found in 29 Russian wildrye accessions using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genetic diversity of each accession was estimated from standard genetic parameters that included (1) the number of polymorphic loci; (2) the average number of alleles per locus; (3) the observed and expected heterozygosity. The eight enzymes were encoded by 13 putative loci and 46 alleles. Allozyme analyses revealed a large number of polymorphic loci among the 29 accessions and some of the accessions carry rare alleles and trace their origin to sites in Xinjiang, China, where Russian wildrye is indigenous. The accessions with rare alleles require additional evaluation to determine whether they possess unique phenotypic traits which would be useful in applied plant breeding. C1 [Yang, Y.; Han, J.] China Agr Univ, Inst Grassland Sci, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Yang, Y.] Beijing Landscape Architectures Sch, Beijing 102488, Peoples R China. [Berdahl, J. D.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Inst Grassland Sci, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM grasslab@public3.bta.net.cn NR 37 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 127 IS 5 BP 480 EP 484 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01504.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 348RN UT WOS:000259227700009 ER PT J AU Lu, YZ Curtiss, J Miranda, D Hughs, E Zhang, JF AF Lu, Yingzhi Curtiss, Jessica Miranda, Danielle Hughs, Ed Zhang, Jinfa TI ATG-anchored AFLP (ATG-AFLP) analysis in cotton SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum; G. barbadense; AFLP; ATG-AFLP ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; TETRAPLOID COTTON; UPLAND COTTON; QTL ANALYSIS; GOSSYPIUM; POLYMORPHISM; MARKERS; GENOME; DOMESTICATION; REGISTRATION AB Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker system has had broad applications in biology. However, the anonymous AFLP markers are mainly amplified from non-coding regions, limiting their usefulness as a functional marker system. To take advantages of the traditional AFLP techniques, we propose substitution of a restriction enzyme that recognizes a restriction site containing ATG, called ATG-anchored AFLP (ATG-AFLP) analysis. In this study, we chose NsiI (recognizing ATGCAT) to replace EcoRI in combination with MseI to completely digest genomic DNA. One specific adaptor, one pre-selective primer and six selective amplification primers for the NsiI site were designed for ligation and PCR. Six NsiI and eight MseI primers generated a total of 1,780 ATG-AFLP fragments, of which 750 (42%) were polymorphic among four genotypes from two cultivated cotton species (Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum and Pima cotton, G. barbadense). The number of ATG-AFLP markers was sufficient to separate the four genotypes into two groups, consistent with their evolutionary and breeding history. Our results also showed that ATG-AFLP generated less number of total and polymorphic fragments per primer combination (2-3 vs. 4-5) than conventional AFLP within Upland cotton. Using a recombination inbred line (RIL) population, 62 polymorphic ATG-AFLP markers were mapped to 19 linkage groups with known chromosome anchored simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Of the nine ATG-AFLP fragments randomly chosen, three were found to be highly homologous to cotton cDNA sequences. An in-silico analysis of cotton and Arabidopsis cDNA confirmed that the ATG-anchored enzyme combination NsiI/MseI did generate more fragments than the EcoRI/MseI combination. C1 [Lu, Yingzhi; Curtiss, Jessica; Miranda, Danielle; Zhang, Jinfa] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Hughs, Ed] USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88003 USA. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jinzhang@nmsu.edu FU Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, USA; USDA-ARS; New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was supported in part by grants from Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, USA, USDA-ARS, and the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 EI 1432-203X J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD OCT PY 2008 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1645 EP 1653 DI 10.1007/s00299-008-0568-z PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 348DM UT WOS:000259191200008 PM 18584177 ER PT J AU Rossman, AY Palm-Hernandez, ME AF Rossman, Amy Y. Palm-Hernandez, Mary E. TI Systematics of plant pathogenic fungi: Why it matters SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; F-SP GLYCINES; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; ARMILLARIA-MELLEA; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-AMERICA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; THEOBROMA-CACAO C1 [Rossman, Amy Y.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Palm-Hernandez, Mary E.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Mol Diagnost Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rossman, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Rm 304,B011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Amy.Rossman@ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 92 IS 10 BP 1376 EP 1386 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-10-1376 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350IL UT WOS:000259345900001 ER PT J AU Baysal-Gurel, F Ivey, MLL Dorrance, A Luster, D Frederick, R Czarnecki, J Boehm, M Miller, SA AF Baysal-Gurel, Fulya Ivey, Melanie L. Lewis Dorrance, Anne Luster, Douglas Frederick, Reid Czarnecki, Jill Boehm, Michael Miller, Sally A. TI An immunofluorescence assay to detect urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE field trap; soybean rust ID FUNGAL PLANT-PATHOGENS; SOYBEAN RUST; MYCOSPHAERELLA-BRASSICICOLA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; IMMUNODETECTION; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY AB An indirect immunofluorescence spore assay (IFSA) was developed to detect Urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, utilizing rabbit polyclonal antisera produced in response to intact non-germinated (SBR 1 A) or germinated (SBR2) urediniospores of P. pach.yrhizi. Both antisera were specific to Phakopsora spp. and did not react with other common soybean pathogens or healthy soybean leaf tissue in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (SBR 1 A) and (SBR2) bound to P. pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae urediniospores were detected with goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488-tagged antiserum using a Leica DM IRB epifluorescent microscope with an 13 blue filter (excitation 450 to 490 nm, emission 515 nm). The assay was performed on standard glass microscope slides double-sided tape was superior to a thin coating petroleum jelly both in retaining spores and in immunofluroescence. The IFSA was used to confirm the identity of P. pachyrhizi urediniospores captured on glass slides from passive air samplers front Georgia, Kentucky, and Ohio during 2006. C1 [Baysal-Gurel, Fulya; Ivey, Melanie L. Lewis; Dorrance, Anne; Miller, Sally A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Boehm, Michael] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Czarnecki, Jill] Naval Med Res Centel, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Luster, Douglas; Frederick, Reid] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis & Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Miller, SA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM miller.769@osu.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; Ivey, Melanie/K-6947-2012 FU Iowa Soybean Association and United Soybean Board FX We thank Tea Meulia for assistance with fluorescent microscopy techniques, and Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center for providing microscopy and image analysis facilities. This project was sponsored through soybean check-off dollars front Iowa Soybean Association and United Soybean Board. Salaries and research support provided by state and federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or The Ohio State University. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 92 IS 10 BP 1387 EP 1393 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-10-1387 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350IL UT WOS:000259345900002 ER PT J AU Copes, WE Stevenson, KL AF Copes, Warren E. Stevenson, Katherine L. TI A pictorial disease severity key and the relationship between severity and incidence for black root rot of pansy caused by Thielaviopsis basicola SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Chalara basicola; disease intensity; disease measurement; rating scale ID POWDERY MILDEW; WINTER-WHEAT; SWEET CORN; PLANTS; INFECTION; DENSITY; SCALES; RUST; TEMPERATURE; INTENSITY AB A pictorial key was developed and the relationship between disease severity (S) and incidence (I) was examined to aid in the assessment of black root rot of pansy caused by Thielaviopsis basicola. The key consisted of photographs of root segments that represented nine disease seventy levels ranging from 1 to 91%. Pansies that had received different fertility treatments, as part of seven separate experiments, were inoculated with T basicola. Four weeks after inoculation, roots were washed. and incidence and severity of black root rot were visually assessed using a grid-line-intersect method. Disease incidence ranged from 1.3 to 100%. and severity ranged from 0.1 to 21.4% per plant. Four different mathematical models were compared to quantitatively describe the I-S relationship for the combined data from all seven experiments. Although all models provided an adequate fit, the model that is analogous to the Kono-Sugino equation provided the most reliable estimate of severity over the entire range of disease incidence values. The predictive ability and accuracy of this model across data sets was verified by jackknife and cross-validation techniques. We concluded that incidence of black root rot in pansy can be assessed more objectively and with greater precision than disease severity and can be used to provide reliable estimates of disease severity based on derived regression equations that quantify the I-S relationship for black root rot. C1 [Copes, Warren E.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Stevenson, Katherine L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Copes, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM warren.copes@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 92 IS 10 BP 1394 EP 1399 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-10-1394 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350IL UT WOS:000259345900003 ER PT J AU Jackson, EW Obert, DE Chong, J Avant, JB Bonman, JM AF Jackson, E. W. Obert, D. E. Chong, J. Avant, J. B. Bonman, J. M. TI Detached-leaf method for propagating Puccinia coronata and assessing crown rust resistance in oat SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP AVENAE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CULTIVATED OAT; UNITED-STATES; VIRULENCE; CANADA; SENESCENCE; SATIVA; LEAVES; RESPIRATION AB The crown rust pathogen Puccinia coronata is an obligate biotroph with wind-disseminated propagules and numerous races. These characteristics make propagation of single-race cultures difficult. Genetic studies using single races in field and greenhouse environments are also problematic because pure cultures can easily become contaminated. In this study, we developed an isolated propagation system for P. coronata and tested its ability to assess host resistance. Oat (Avena sativa) leaf sections (10 cm each) were harvested, disinfested, and suspended in sterile plastic boxes by enclosing 3.5-cm linear sections of each leaf end between 4% agar blocks amended with various chemical constituents. The exposed sections (approximately 3 cm) were inoculated with P. coronata urediniospores suspended in water. Boxes were sealed and incubated in a lighted growth cabinet until the pathogen sporulated. Viable spores were produced on leaves in all treatments, whereas 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin treatment, sustained the leaves longer and yielded the most viable spores. Based on these data, the BAP treatment was adopted and used for additional studies. Detached leaves of differential oat cultivars produced the same reactions as whole plants screened under standard conditions in a growth chamber. The proposed detached-leaf system should be useful for the propagation of numerous single-race cultures of P. coronata as well as evaluation of host resistance under highly controlled conditions. C1 [Jackson, E. W.; Obert, D. E.; Avant, J. B.; Bonman, J. M.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Chong, J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. RP Jackson, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Eric.Jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 92 IS 10 BP 1400 EP 1406 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-10-1400 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350IL UT WOS:000259345900004 ER PT J AU Espinoza, JG Briceno, EX Keith, LM Latorre, BA AF Espinoza, Jose G. Briceno, Erika X. Keith, Lisa M. Latorre, Bernardo A. TI Canker and twig dieback of blueberry caused by Pestalotiopsis spp. and a Truncatella sp in Chile SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE highbush blueberry AB Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) has great economic importance in Chile, which currently has about 8,500 ha being cultivated. Recently, the presence of canker and dieback symptoms has been observed along the productive blueberry zone of Chile. Species of Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella were consistently isolated from diseased samples in 22 different locations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize the species of Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella associated with canker and twig dieback symptoms on blueberry. Forty-nine isolates were ob- tained on acidified potato dextrose agar in 2006 and 2007. These isolates were identified as Pestalotiopsis clavispora, P neglecta, and Truncatella (=Pestalotia) angustata on the basis of colony characteristics and conidial morphology. This identification was verified by internal transcribed spacer analysis of DNA. Isolates of P. clavispora, P. neglecta, and T angustata were pathogenic on apple, kiwifruit, and blueberry fruit. Similarly, isolates of P. clavispora were pathogenic on detached blueberry twigs of cv. O'Neal. Additionally, three selected isolates of P. clavispora induced light-brown canker lesions, surrounded by a reddish halo, and shoot dieback after twig inoculations on 2-year-old twigs of blueberry cvs. O'Neal, Bluecrop, Brightwell, Brigitta, Duke, Elliot, and Misty. Among blueberry cultivars, Brightwell and O'Neal were the most susceptible and Bluecrop and Misty the least susceptible, while Elliot, Brigitta, and Duke were moderately susceptible to P. clavispora. These pathogens were isolated consistently from inoculated plants, confirming Koch's postulates. P. clavispora was highly sensitive to fludioxonil and pyraclostrobin with a median effective concentration of 0.06 to 0.08 and 0.04 to 0.8 mu g/ml, respectively. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that P. clavispora, P. neglecta, and T angustata are primary pathogens that can cause canker lesions and dieback symptoms on blue- berry not previously described in Chile. However, these results do not exclude that other species of these genera or other plant-pathogenic fungi (e.g., Botryosphaeria, Pestalotia, and Phomopsis spp.) may eventually be involved in this syndrome of blueberry. C1 [Espinoza, Jose G.; Briceno, Erika X.; Latorre, Bernardo A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Agron & Ingn Forestal, Santiago, Chile. [Keith, Lisa M.] USDA ARS, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Latorre, BA (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Agron & Ingn Forestal, Santiago, Chile. EM blatorre@uc.cl RI Montenegro, Gloria /D-9830-2013; Briceno, Erika/A-6374-2016 OI Montenegro, Gloria /0000-0003-3878-5686; Briceno, Erika/0000-0003-4086-4439 FU Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile FX We thank Hortifrut-Viveros, Chile, Agricola Trucao S.A., and Vital Berry Marketing S.A., Chile. for their contributions to completing these investigations; and P. Banados and J. P. Zoffoli. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. for their support in obtaining plants for the study as well as access to the production farms for plant samples. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 92 IS 10 BP 1407 EP 1414 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-10-1407 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350IL UT WOS:000259345900005 ER PT J AU Fraedrich, SW AF Fraedrich, S. W. TI California laurel is susceptible to laurel wilt caused by Raffaelea lauricola SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID LAURACEAE; SYMBIONT C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Fraedrich, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 92 IS 10 BP 1469 EP 1469 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-10-1469A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350IL UT WOS:000259345900018 ER PT J AU Potokina, E Druka, A Luo, Z Moscou, M Wise, R Waugh, R Kearsey, M AF Potokina, Elena Druka, Arnis Luo, Zewei Moscou, Matthew Wise, Roger Waugh, Robbie Kearsey, Mike TI Tissue-dependent limited pleiotropy affects gene expression in barley SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE barley; cis-eQTL; gene expression; genetical genomics; pleiotropy ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; ARABIDOPSIS; RECRUITMENT; DISEASE; SEED AB Non-synonymous coding mutations in a gene change the resulting protein, no matter where it is expressed, but the effects of cis-regulatory mutations could be spatially or temporally limited - a phenomenon termed limited pleiotropy. Here, we report the genome-wide occurrence of limited pleiotropy of cis-regulatory mutations in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using Affymetrix analysis of 22 840 genes in a population of 139 doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between the cultivars Steptoe (St) and Morex (Mx). We identified robust cis-acting expression regulators that segregate as major genes in two successive ontogenetic stages: germinating embryo tissues and seedling leaves from the embryonic axis. We show that these polymorphisms may be consistent in both tissues or may cause a dramatic change in transcript abundance in one tissue but not in another. We also show that the parental allele that increases expression can vary with the tissue, suggesting nucleotide polymorphism in enhancer sequences. Because of the limited pleiotropy of cis-regulating mutations, the number of cis expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs) discovered by 'genetical genomics' is strongly affected by the particular tissue or developmental stage studied. Given that limited pleiotropy is a common feature of cis-regulatory mutations in barley, we predict that the phenomenon would be relevant to developmental and/or tissue-specific interactions across wide taxonomic boundaries in both plants and animals. C1 [Potokina, Elena; Luo, Zewei; Kearsey, Mike] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Druka, Arnis; Waugh, Robbie] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Luo, Zewei] Fudan Univ, Inst Biomed Sci, Sch Life Sci, Lab Populat & Quantitat Genet, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Moscou, Matthew; Wise, Roger] Iowa State Univ, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Moscou, Matthew; Wise, Roger] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wise, Roger] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kearsey, M (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM m.j.kearsey@bham.ac.uk RI Moscou, Matthew/D-5266-2011; Druka, Arnis/E-9701-2011; Potokina, Elena/B-1211-2014 OI Moscou, Matthew/0000-0003-2098-6818; FU UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department (SEERAD) of the United Kingdom FX This research was supported by a research grant from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and by the Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department (SEERAD) of the United Kingdom. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03601.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 358KA UT WOS:000259914500010 PM 18643973 ER PT J AU Fu, JM Momcilovic, I Clemente, TE Nersesian, N Trick, HN Ristic, Z AF Fu, Jianming Momcilovic, Ivana Clemente, Thomas E. Nersesian, Natalya Trick, Harold N. Ristic, Zoran TI Heterologous expression of a plastid EF-Tu reduces protein thermal aggregation and enhances CO(2) fixation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) following heat stress SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plastid EF-Tu; protein aggregation; heat injury; transgenic wheat ID SYNTHESIS ELONGATION-FACTOR; SHOCK PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; MAIZE; PLANTS; THERMOTOLERANCE; TEMPERATURE; GENE; TOLERANCE AB Heat stress is a major constraint to wheat production and negatively impacts grain quality, causing tremendous economic losses, and may become a more troublesome factor due to global warming. At the cellular level, heat stress causes denaturation and aggregation of proteins and injury to membranes leading to alterations in metabolic fluxes. Protein aggregation is irreversible, and protection of proteins from thermal aggregation is a strategy a cell uses to tolerate heat stress. Here we report on the development of transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum) events, expressing a maize gene coding for plastidal protein synthesis elongation factor (EF-Tu), which, compared to non-transgenic plants, display reduced thermal aggregation of leaf proteins, reduced heat injury to photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids), and enhanced rate of CO(2) fixation after exposure to heat stress. The results support the concept that EF-Tu ameliorates negative effects of heat stress by acting as a molecular chaperone. This is the first demonstration of the introduction of a plastidal EF-Tu in plants that leads to protection against heat injury and enhanced photosynthesis after heat stress. This is also the first demonstration that a gene other than HSP gene can be used for improvement of heat tolerance and that the improvement is possible in a species that has a complex genome, hexaploid wheat. The results strongly suggest that heat tolerance of wheat, and possibly other crop plants, can be improved by modulating expression of plastidal EF-Tu and/or by selection of genotypes with increased endogenous levels of this protein. C1 [Ristic, Zoran] Kansas State Univ, ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Trick, Harold N.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Clemente, Thomas E.; Nersesian, Natalya] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Fu, Jianming; Momcilovic, Ivana] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ristic, Z (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, USDA, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM zoran.ristic@ars.usda.gov OI Trick, Harold/0000-0001-5255-5575 FU United States Department of Agriculture [2004-35100-14886] FX We acknowledge financial support for this research from the United States Department of Agriculture grant (Agreement No. 2004-35100-14886) to Z. Ristic. This publication is approved as Kansas Agriculture Experiment Station No: 08-247-J. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the United States Department of Agriculture, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 68 IS 3 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s11103-008-9369-6 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 340PP UT WOS:000258657800007 PM 18622733 ER PT J AU Klemsdal, SS Herrero, ML Wanner, LA Lund, G Hermansen, A AF Klemsdal, S. S. Herrero, M. L. Wanner, L. A. Lund, G. Hermansen, A. TI PCR-based identification of Pythium spp. causing cavity spot in carrots and sensitive detection in soil samples SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Daucus carota; internal transcribed spacer; molecular diagnosis; ribosomal DNA; soilborne disease ID DAUCUS-CAROTA; ROOT DIEBACK; DNA; SULCATUM; TAXONOMY; LESIONS; REGION; VIOLAE AB On the basis of ITS sequences PCR primers were designed for the identification of the five Pythium species found to be most important for the development of carrot cavity spot in Norway: P. intermedium, P. sulcatum, P. sylvaticum, P. violae and P. 'vipa'. The P. 'vipa' isolates had a unique ITS sequence, differed morphologically from all other Pythium isolates, and thus probably represent a new species. The PCR primers were species-specific with no cross-reaction to other Pythium species or to fungal isolates from carrot tested. The detection limits varied for the different primer pairs. The two most sensitive assays allowed detection of as little as 5 fg DNA. All five Pythium species could be detected in lesions from diseased carrots. Weak positive signals were obtained from some carrot samples without symptoms. PCR assays allowed detection of pathogens in soil. In samples of soil known to produce cavity spots on cropped carrots, strong signals were obtained. In several soil samples more than one of the five Pythium species could be detected. The utilization of this diagnostic PCR assay in analysis of field soil and carrot tissue might in the future be exploited to reduce the incidence of this serious carrot disease. C1 [Klemsdal, S. S.; Herrero, M. L.; Lund, G.; Hermansen, A.] Bioforsk Norwegian Inst Agr & Environm Res, Plant Hlth & Plant Protect Div, N-1432 As, Norway. [Wanner, L. A.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Klemsdal, SS (reprint author), Bioforsk Norwegian Inst Agr & Environm Res, Plant Hlth & Plant Protect Div, Hoegskoleveien 7, N-1432 As, Norway. EM sonja.klemsdal@bioforsk.no FU Norwegian Research Council [130163/140] FX We thank Ragnhild N ae rstad, Camilla Sekse and Abdelhameed Elameen for their technical assistance. This study was supported by a grant from the Norwegian Research Council (No 130163/140). NR 34 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 57 IS 5 BP 877 EP 886 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01839.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 350LM UT WOS:000259354000010 ER PT J AU Akhtar, TA McQuinn, RP Naponelli, V Gregory, JF Giovannoni, JJ Hanson, AD AF Akhtar, Tariq A. McQuinn, Ryan P. Naponelli, Valeria Gregory, Jesse F., III Giovannoni, James J. Hanson, Andrew D. TI Tomato gamma-glutamyl hydrolases: Expression, characterization, and evidence for heterodimer formation SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FOLIC-ACID; FOLATE; PLANT; POLYGLUTAMATES; SYNTHETASE; SUBSTRATE AB Folates typically have gamma-linked polyglutamyl tails that make them better enzyme substrates and worse transport substrates than the unglutamylated forms. The tail can be shortened or removed by the vacuolar enzyme gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH). It is known that GGH is active only as a dimer and that plants can have several GGH genes whose homodimeric products differ functionally. However, it is not known whether GGH dimers dissociate under in vivo conditions, whether heterodimers form, or how heterodimerization impacts enzyme activity. These issues were explored using the GGH system of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Tomato has three GGH genes that, like those in other eudicots, apparently diverged recently. LeGGH1 and LeGGH2 are expressed in fruit and all other organs, whereas LeGGH3 is expressed mainly in flower buds. LeGGH1 and LeGGH2 homodimers differ in bond cleavage preference; the LeGGH3 homodimer is catalytically inactive. Homodimers did not dissociate in physiological conditions. When coexpressed in Escherichia coli, LeGGH1 and LeGGH2 formed heterodimers with an intermediate bond cleavage preference, whereas LeGGH3 formed heterodimers with LeGGH1 or LeGGH2 that had one-half the activity of the matching homodimer. E. coli cells expressing LeGGH2 showed approximately 85% reduction in folate polyglutamates, but cells expressing LeGGH3 did not, confirming that LeGGH2 can function in vivo and LeGGH3 cannot. The formation of LeGGH1-LeGGH2 heterodimers was demonstrated in planta using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Plant GGH heterodimers thus appear to form wherever different GGH genes are expressed simultaneously and to have catalytic characteristics midway between those of the corresponding homodimers. C1 [Akhtar, Tariq A.; Hanson, Andrew D.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Naponelli, Valeria; Gregory, Jesse F., III] Univ Florida, Food Sci & Human Nutr Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [McQuinn, Ryan P.; Giovannoni, James J.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McQuinn, Ryan P.; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hanson, AD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM adha@ufl.edu OI naponelli, valeria/0000-0001-5210-1522; Gregory, Jesse/0000-0002-9976-2085 FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0443709, DBI-0501778]; C.V. Griffin, Sr. Foundation; TRIAD Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. MCB-0443709) and by an endowment from the C.V. Griffin, Sr. Foundation. Work in the J.J.G. laboratory was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. DBI-0501778) and the TRIAD Foundation. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 148 IS 2 BP 775 EP 785 DI 10.1104/pp.108.124479 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 356XH UT WOS:000259810400009 PM 18757550 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Cheng, NH Motes, CM Blancaflor, EB Moore, M Gonzales, N Padmanaban, S Sze, H Ward, JM Hirschi, KD AF Zhao, Jian Cheng, Ning-Hui Motes, Christy M. Blancaflor, Elison B. Moore, Miranda Gonzales, Naomi Padmanaban, Senthilkumar Sze, Heven Ward, John M. Hirschi, Kendal D. TI AtCHX13 is a plasma membrane K+ transporter SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-AFFINITY POTASSIUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HIGHER-PLANTS; ION CHANNELS; HOMEOSTASIS; EXPRESSION; TOLERANCE; EXCHANGER; ROOT AB Potassium (K+) homeostasis is essential for diverse cellular processes, although how various cation transporters collaborate to maintain a suitable K+ required for growth and development is poorly understood. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains numerous cation: proton antiporters (CHX), which may mediate K+ transport; however, the vast majority of these transporters remain uncharacterized. Here, we show that AtCHX13 (At2g30240) has a role in K+ acquisition. AtCHX13 suppressed the sensitivity of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant cells defective in K+ uptake. Uptake experiments using Rb-86(+) as a tracer for K+ demonstrated that AtCHX13 mediated high-affinity K+ uptake in yeast and in plant cells with a K-m of 136 and 196 mu M, respectively. Functional green fluorescent protein-tagged versions localized to the plasma membrane of both yeast and plant. Seedlings of null chx13 mutants were sensitive to K+ deficiency conditions, whereas overexpression of AtCHX13 reduced the sensitivity to K+ deficiency. Collectively, these results suggest that AtCHX13 mediates relatively high-affinity K+ uptake, although the mode of transport is unclear at present. AtCHX13 expression is induced in roots during K+-deficient conditions. These results indicate that one role of AtCHX13 is to promote K+ uptake into plants when K+ is limiting in the environment. C1 [Zhao, Jian; Cheng, Ning-Hui; Moore, Miranda; Gonzales, Naomi; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Motes, Christy M.; Blancaflor, Elison B.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Padmanaban, Senthilkumar; Sze, Heven] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ward, John M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hirschi, Kendal D.] Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu OI Zhao, Jian/0000-0002-4416-7334 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-62650-6001]; National Science Foundation(NSF) [0344350, 020977, IBN-0209792, IBN-0209788, DBI-0400580]; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [005-34402-17121] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (under Cooperative Agreement 58-62650-6001), the National Science Foundation (NSF; grant nos. 0344350 and 020977), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (grant no. 2005-34402-17121 to K. D. H.). Work in the laboratory of J.M.W. and H. S. was supported by the NSF (grant nos. IBN-0209792 and IBN-0209788, respectively). The confocal microscope used in this study was supported by the NSF (grant no. DBI-0400580 to E. B. B.). NR 42 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 148 IS 2 BP 796 EP 807 DI 10.1104/pp.108.124248 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 356XH UT WOS:000259810400011 PM 18676662 ER PT J AU Borges, F Gomes, G Gardner, R Moreno, N McCormick, S Feijo, JA Becker, JD AF Borges, Filipe Gomes, Gabriela Gardner, Rui Moreno, Nuno McCormick, Sheila Feijo, Jose A. Becker, Joeg D. TI Comparative transcriptomics of Arabidopsis sperm cells SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONGIFLORUM GENERATIVE CELLS; POLLEN-TUBE GUIDANCE; F-BOX PROTEINS; DNA-METHYLATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; EGG CELL; PLANTS; FERTILIZATION; THALIANA AB In flowering plants, the two sperm cells are embedded within the cytoplasm of the growing pollen tube and as such are passively transported to the embryo sac, wherein double fertilization occurs upon their release. Understanding the mechanisms and conditions by which male gametes mature and take part in fertilization are crucial goals in the study of plant reproduction. Studies of gene expression in male gametes of maize (Zea mays) and Plumbago and in lily (Lilium longiflorum) generative cells already showed that the previously held view of transcriptionally inert male gametes was not true, but genome-wide studies were lacking. Analyses in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were hindered, because no method to isolate sperm cells was available. Here, we used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate sperm cells from Arabidopsis, allowing GeneChip analysis of their transcriptome at a genome-wide level. Comparative analysis of the sperm cell transcriptome with those of representative sporophytic tissues and of pollen showed that sperm has a distinct and diverse transcriptional profile. Functional classifications of genes with enriched expression in sperm cells showed that DNA repair, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and cell cycle progression are overrepresented Gene Ontology categories. Moreover, analysis of the small RNA and DNA methylation pathways suggests that distinct mechanisms might be involved in regulating the epigenetic state of the paternal genome. We identified numerous candidate genes whose involvement in sperm cell development and fertilization can now be directly tested in Arabidopsis. These results provide a roadmap to decipher the role of sperm-expressed proteins. C1 [Borges, Filipe; Gomes, Gabriela; Gardner, Rui; Moreno, Nuno; Feijo, Jose A.; Becker, Joeg D.] Ctr Biol Desenvolvimento, Inst Gulbenkian Ciencia, P-2780901 Oeiras, Portugal. [McCormick, Sheila] Univ Calif Berkeley, ARS, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Feijo, Jose A.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Vegetal, P-1700 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Feijo, JA (reprint author), Ctr Biol Desenvolvimento, Inst Gulbenkian Ciencia, P-2780901 Oeiras, Portugal. EM jfeijo@igc.gulbenkian.pt RI Becker, Jorg/A-5930-2011; Gardner, Rui/F-6052-2012; Gomes, Ana/K-7222-2013 OI Moreno, Nuno/0000-0002-8742-5073; Feijo, Jose/0000-0002-1100-5478; Borges, Filipe/0000-0002-7388-2118; Becker, Jorg/0000-0002-6845-6122; Gardner, Rui/0000-0002-7270-5136; Gomes, Ana/0000-0001-9565-8814 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal [POCTI/BIA-BCM/60046/2004, PPCDT/BIA-BCM/61270/2004, SFRH/BPD/31047/2006, SFRH/BPD/14930/2004] FX This work was supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal (grant nos. POCTI/BIA-BCM/60046/2004 and PPCDT/BIA-BCM/61270/2004; a BIC within this project to F.B. and G.G.; and postdoc fellowships SFRH/BPD/31047/2006 and SFRH/BPD/14930/2004, respectively, to J.D.B. and R.G.). NR 66 TC 195 Z9 202 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 148 IS 2 BP 1168 EP 1181 DI 10.1104/pp.108.125229 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 356XH UT WOS:000259810400041 PM 18667720 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Suh, N AF Rimando, Agnes M. Suh, Nanjoo TI Biological/Chemopreventive Activity of Stilbenes and their Effect on Colon Cancer SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Review DE resveratrol; stilbenes; colon cancer; inflammation ID ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; INHIBITS PHORBOL ESTER; NF-KAPPA-B; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE PATHWAY; CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENT RESVERATROL; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; MOUSE SKIN; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR AB Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in men and women in Western countries. Epidemiological studies have linked the consumption of fruits and vegetables to a reduced risk of colon cancer, and small fruits are particularly rich sources of many active phytochemical stilbenes, such as resveratrol and pterostilbene. Recent advances in the prevention of colon cancer have stimulated an interest in diet and lifestyle as an effective means of intervention. As constituents of small fruits such as grapes, berries and their products, stilbenes are under intense investigation as cancer chemopreventive agents. One of the best-characterized stilbenes, resveratrol, has been known as an antioxidant and an anti-aging compound as well as an anti-inflarnmatory agent. Stilbenes have diverse pharmacological activities, which include cancer prevention, a cholesterol-lowering effect, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and increased lifespan. This review summarizes results related to the potential use of various stilbenes as cancer chernopreventive agents, their mechanisms of action, as well as their pharmacokinetics and efficacy for the prevention of colon cancer in animals and humans. C1 [Suh, Nanjoo] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Suh, Nanjoo] Canc Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. RP Suh, N (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, 164 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM nsuh@rci.rutgers.edu NR 119 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 16 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 13 BP 1635 EP 1643 DI 10.1055/s-0028-1088301 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 370RT UT WOS:000260781300012 PM 18843589 ER PT J AU Motamayor, JC Lachenaud, P Mota, JWDE Loor, R Kuhn, DN Brown, JS Schnell, RJ AF Motamayor, Juan C. Lachenaud, Philippe da Silva e Mota, Jay Wallace Loor, Rey Kuhn, David N. Brown, J. Steven Schnell, Raymond J. TI Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL-COCOA-GENEBANK; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SPECIES RICHNESS; DIVERSITY; GERMPLASM; DIVERSIFICATION; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; INFERENCE; TRINIDAD AB Numerous collecting expeditions of Theobroma cacao L. germplasm have been undertaken in Latin-America. However, most of this germplasm has not contributed to cacao improvement because its relationship to cultivated selections was poorly understood. Germplasm labeling errors have impeded breeding and confounded the interpretation of diversity analyses. To improve the understanding of the origin, classification, and population differentiation within the species, 1241 accessions covering a large geographic sampling were genotyped with 106 microsatellite markers. After discarding mislabeled samples, 10 genetic clusters, as opposed to the two genetic groups traditionally recognized within T. cacao, were found by applying Bayesian statistics. This leads us to propose a new classification of the cacao germplasm that will enhance its management. The results also provide new insights into the diversification of Amazon species in general, with the pattern of differentiation of the populations studied supporting the palaeoarches hypothesis of species diversification. The origin of the traditional cacao cultivars is also enlightened in this study. C1 [Motamayor, Juan C.; Kuhn, David N.; Brown, J. Steven; Schnell, Raymond J.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL USA. [Motamayor, Juan C.] MARS Inc, Hackettstown, NJ USA. [Lachenaud, Philippe] CIRAD Bios, UPR, Montpellier, France. [da Silva e Mota, Jay Wallace] CEPLAC SUPOR AMAZONIA, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Loor, Rey] INIAP, Estac Expt Pichilingue, Los Rios, Ecuador. RP Motamayor, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL USA. EM juan.motamayor@effem.com FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [6631-21000-012-00D]; MARS Inc FX Funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Project Number: 6631-21000-012-00D) and MARS Inc. The funders had no role in study design, data collection or analysis, writing the paper, or the decision to submit it for publication. The publication contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of USDA nor MARS Inc. NR 50 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 10 AR e3311 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003311 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 427RU UT WOS:000264797200013 PM 18827930 ER PT J AU Kelly, D Koenig, WD Liebhold, AM AF Kelly, Dave Koenig, Walter D. Liebhold, Andrew M. TI An intercontinental comparison of the dynamic behavior of mast seeding communities SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Ecosystem stability; Nothofagus; Predator satiation; Pulsed resources; Quercus; Seed predation ID STOATS MUSTELA-ERMINEA; KAKA NESTOR-MERIDIONALIS; CENTRAL COASTAL CALIFORNIA; MOHUA MOHOUA-OCHROCEPHALA; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-ZEALAND FORESTS; MICE MUS-MUSCULUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CHIONOCHLOA POACEAE AB Cases of mast seeding, involving highly variable seed production synchronized over large geographic areas, provide dramatic examples of resource pulses that have been documented for most major world land masses. Here, we compare the dynamic behavior of two of these systems, with the goal of understanding differences in the long-term consequences of masting events to their respective communities. Responses to mast events in deciduous oak forests in eastern North America are characteristically complex and of low resilience. That is, each event produces long-lasting cascading effects in the community, ultimately influencing not only seed consumers such as rodents and deer, but also the parasites and prey of those consumers, diseases transmitted by those parasites, and outbreaks of insect herbivores. In contrast, despite more extreme resource pulsing in New Zealand Nothofagus forests, responses to mast events there are less complex and more resilient, i.e., producing only short-term (<2 years), smoothly damped, numerical responses by a few species, except after (rare) 'double-mast' events in consecutive years. A detailed examination of the two systems suggests some tentative explanations for the strongly contrasting dynamics of these systems. Firstly, the higher number of species involved in North America seems to reduce resilience by increasing food chain length, lags, and alternative prey, all of which increase the dynamic complexity compared with that in New Zealand. Secondly, lack of a shared evolutionary history among species did not necessarily reduce resilience. Some exotic species showed well-damped fluctuations (e.g., stoats (Mustela erminea L.) in New Zealand), while other exotics showed complex dynamics (e.g., gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.) in North America). Thirdly, recent extinctions of species such as the passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius L.), once the dominant acorn predator in eastern North American forests, have likely produced qualitative changes in system dynamics in both communities. Fourthly, the North American community has more lags and hysteresis, which probably contribute to the greater dynamic complexity in eastern North America than in New Zealand Nothofagus forests. However, positive feedback loops present in North America seem to have little influence on system dynamics. Because the massive perturbations induced by masting events are major recurring challenges to an ecosystem, disentangling the causes of different system responses is likely to lead us to a better understanding of ecosystem function, resilience and stability. C1 [Kelly, Dave] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Koenig, Walter D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Carmel Valley, CA 93924 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kelly, D (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM dave.kelly@canterbury.ac.nz RI Koenig, Walter/A-5509-2009; Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Kelly, Dave/A-6129-2013; OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Kelly, Dave/0000-0002-9469-2161; Koenig, Walter/0000-0001-6207-1427 FU N Z Foundation for Research; Science and Technology's OBI 'Ecosystems Resilience'; Royal Society of New Zealand's Marsden [UOC0403]; National Science Foundation and the Integrated Hardwoods Range Management Program (WDK) FX We thank C. M. (Kim) King, Wendy Ruscoe, Ken Schmidt, and Louie Yang for their helpful comments. Support came from the N Z Foundation for Research, Science and Technology's OBI 'Ecosystems Resilience' and the Royal Society of New Zealand's Marsden Fund grant UOC0403 (DK), and from the National Science Foundation and the Integrated Hardwoods Range Management Program (WDK). NR 100 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 49 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 50 IS 4 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s10144-008-0114-4 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 360PL UT WOS:000260069600002 ER PT J AU Bjornstad, ON Liebhold, AM Johnson, DM AF Bjornstad, Ottar N. Liebhold, Andrew M. Johnson, Derek M. TI Transient synchronization following invasion: revisiting Moran's model and a case study SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autoregressive model; Defoliation; Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar; Moran effect; Spatiotemporal population dynamics; Transient dynamics ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; TIME-SERIES; REGIONAL STOCHASTICITY; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; INSECT OUTBREAKS AB Synchrony in forest insect outbreaks is important because the resulting regionalized outbreak dilutes the regulating effects of natural enemies, reduces the landscape's ability to buffer the disturbance, exacerbates the economic burden on individual stakeholders, and overwhelms the logistical abilities of managers to suppress populations and mitigate impacts. Understanding the process of synchronization of dynamics is therefore a crucial aspect of understanding outbreak dynamics. We studied the second-order log-linear (autoregressive) model to ask what patterns of synchronization across invasion fronts may be expected from Moran's model. Generally, we show that the time to synchronization in the log-linear model is a complex function of a number of parameters of which the overall strength of regulation, the strength of delayed statistical density dependence, and the relaxation time seem to be of particular importance. Interestingly, while environmental correlation is the crucial determinant of the magnitude of asymptotic synchrony, it does not appear to influence the transient process of synchronization. However, synchronization proceeds much more quickly among weakly periodic populations than among populations that are strongly periodic. As a case study, we investigate synchronization following colonization by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations located along the species's expanding invasion front in northeastern USA. Data consisted of more than 100 years of county quarantine records and 30 years of detailed defoliation maps. We found that the dynamics of new populations tended to be initially out of synch with the broadly synchronized outbreaks within the established range. However, the outbreak dynamics of these new populations lock on to the regional patterns very quickly-within 10-15 years of invasion. Focusing on parameters that produce periodicity comparable to that seen in real gypsy moth populations, we discuss how the observed synchronization compares to that predicted by the log-linear model. While our results are equivocal, the synchronization appears to be surprisingly rapid, so more mechanistic models may be needed to explain the synchronization observed in this case study. C1 [Bjornstad, Ottar N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bjornstad, Ottar N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Johnson, Derek M.] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Bjornstad, ON (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, 501 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM onb1@psu.edu; aliebhold@fs.fed.us; derekjohnson@louisiana.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service FX This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service with grants to O. N. B. and A. M. L. ( 2002, 2006), and D. M. J. ( 2006). NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 50 IS 4 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s10144-008-0105-5 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 360PL UT WOS:000260069600006 ER PT J AU Usall, J Smilanick, J Palouc, L Denis-Arrue, N Teixido, N Torres, R Vinas, I AF Usall, J. Smilanick, J. Palouc, L. Denis-Arrue, N. Teixido, N. Torres, R. Vinas, I. TI Preventive and curative activity of combined treatments of sodium carbonates and Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2 to control postharvest green mold of citrus fruit SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Penicillium digitatum; postharvest decay; biocontrol; biological control; soda ash; baking soda; integrated disease management ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HOT-WATER; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; CLEMENTINE MANDARINS; BLUE MOLDS; BICARBONATE; DISEASES; DECAY; COMBINATION; ORANGES AB Preventive and curative activity of 2 min dips in 3% sodium carbonate (SC) or sodium bicarbonate (SBC) aqueous solutions heated to 40 degrees C, alone or followed by the application of 2 x 10(8) CFU/mL of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2(BA), were simultaneously evaluated for the control of postharvest green mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum, in artificially inoculated Lanelate and Valencia oranges. Fresh cells of BA proliferated inside rind wounds and their survival was not adversely affected by the presence of residues of SC or SBC. Green mold incidence after 7 d of incubation at 20 degrees C in rind wounds treated after fungal inoculation (curative activity) was 15%, 40%, or 15% in oranges treated with SC, BA, or SC + BA and 5%, 45% or 0% in oranges treated with SBC, BA, or SBC + BA, respectively, while it was about 90% in untreated control fruit. Green mold incidence in rind wounds treated before inoculation or reinoculation with the pathogen (preventive activity in pre-existing wounds) was 10% and 2%, or 15% and 8%, respectively, in oranges treated with SC and SC + BA, and 3% and 5%, or 20% and 5%, respectively, in oranges treated with SBC and SBC + BA. Green mold incidence in wounds inoculated after treatment (preventive activity in new wounds) was 55% and 25%, and 60% and 40% in oranges treated with SC and SC + BA, or SBC and SBC + BA, respectively. Additionally, the duration of the protective effect of SBC, BA, and SBC + BA was assessed in Eureka lemons and Valencia oranges. In both species, all three treatments effectively protected pre-existing rind wounds during 7 d of storage at 10 degrees C. After 0, 1, and 2 d, but not after 4 or 7 d, the protective effect of SBC was significantly inferior to that of BA and SBC+ BA. The integration of treatments is a promising approach to replace the use of conventional fungicides to control green mold in citrus packinghouses. C1 [Usall, J.; Teixido, N.; Torres, R.; Vinas, I.] IRTA, Ctr UdL, XaRTA Postharvest, Lleida 25198, Catalonia, Spain. [Smilanick, J.; Denis-Arrue, N.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Palouc, L.] Ctr Tecnol Postcollita, IVIA, Valencia 46113, Spain. RP Usall, J (reprint author), IRTA, Ctr UdL, XaRTA Postharvest, Av Rovira Roure, Lleida 25198, Catalonia, Spain. EM josep.usall@irta.cat RI Vinas, Inmaculada/B-4096-2011; Palou, Lluis/C-9066-2012; Teixido, Neus/D-2487-2017; OI Palou, Lluis/0000-0002-9385-6814; Teixido, Neus/0000-0002-1676-3593; Vinas, Inmaculada/0000-0001-5182-2520 FU Catalonian Government (CIRIT, Comissio Interdepartamental de Recerca i Tecnologia); Spanish government; EU [2FD97-0492]; California Citrus Research Board FX The authors thank the Catalonian Government (CIRIT, Comissio Interdepartamental de Recerca i Tecnologia), the Spanish government and the EU FEDER program (2FD97-0492), and the California Citrus Research Board for their financial support. NR 31 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.03.001 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 351IK UT WOS:000259417700001 ER PT J AU Dennis, RL Newberry, RC Cheng, HW Estevez, I AF Dennis, R. L. Newberry, R. C. Cheng, H. -W. Estevez, I. TI Appearance matters: Artificial marking alters aggression and stress SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aggression; stress; social behavior; dominance; identification ID LAYING HENS; DOMESTIC-FOWL; GROUP-SIZE; PLASMA-CATECHOLAMINES; SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION; GENETICAL EVOLUTION; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; GROUP SELECTION; PECK ORDERS; BEHAVIOR AB Artificial marking of animals for identification is frequently employed by researchers in the behavioral, biomedical, agricultural, and environmental sciences. The impact of artificial marking on experimental results is rarely explicitly considered despite evidence demonstrating that changes in phenotypic appearance can modify animal behavior and reproductive success. Here we present evidence that artificial marking of individuals within a social group has frequency-dependent effects on the behavior and physiology of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus). We demonstrate that when only 20 or 50% of individuals within a group were artificially marked, the marked birds received more aggression and had lesser body mass than the unmarked individuals within the same group. Furthermore, in groups in which only a small proportion of the individuals were marked, we report altered plasma epinephrine and dopamine levels in marked individuals. These effects of marking were imperceptible when all birds in a group were marked. This finding has important implications for animal research because, when only a subset of group members is artificially marked and used for data collection, the results obtained may not be representative of the population. C1 [Dennis, R. L.; Estevez, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Newberry, R. C.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Study Anim Well Being, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Newberry, R. C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cheng, H. -W.] Purdue Univ, Livestock Behav Res Unit, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cheng, H. -W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Estevez, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM iestevez@umd.edu RI Newberry, Ruth/L-5054-2013 OI Newberry, Ruth/0000-0002-5238-6959 FU Maryland Agriculture Experiment Station FX We thank L. Douglass (University of Maryland, College Park) for statistical analysis, the graduate students and laboratory staff of I. Estevez and H.- W. Cheng for technical assistance, and the farm crew at University of Maryland's Upper Marlboro facility for animal care. This research was funded by a competitive grant from the Maryland Agriculture Experiment Station to I. Estevez. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 15 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1939 EP 1946 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00311 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 351CV UT WOS:000259403000003 PM 18809854 ER PT J AU Fahey, AG Cheng, HW AF Fahey, A. G. Cheng, H. -W. TI Effects of social disruption on physical parameters, corticosterone concentrations, and immune system in two genetic lines of white leghorn layers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE social disruption; corticosterone; immune parameter; hematology; hen ID MULTIPLE-HEN CAGES; GROUP SELECTION; LAYING HENS; FEATHER PECKING; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; BEEF-CALVES; BODY-WEIGHT; STRESS; CHICKENS; ADAPTATION AB Farm management practices such as increasing group size and mixing of unfamiliar chickens may cause social disruption and affect bird well-being. To examine genetic-associated physical and physiological differences in response to social disruption, 2 strains of White Leghorn hens were used in the study [i. e., HGPS (line selected for high group production and survivability) and DXL (DeKalb XL commercial line)]. Social disruption was created when hens were 50 wk of age by increasing group size from 4 hens (control) to 8 hens (experimental) per cage and providing an unstable social environment by moving 2 hens weekly between cages within the same line (experimental hens only). At 58 wk of age, hens were feather-scored. After euthanization, BW and the right adrenal gland weight were collected (n = 10 per treatment). Adrenal gland weight was adjusted for BW, and adjusted adrenal weight was used for analysis. Plasma corticosterone was quantified using RIA. The T-lymphocytes (CD4(+) and CD8(+)) were measured using flow cytometry. Results showed that average feather cover score was greater for DXL hens than HGPS hens in both the unstressed (P < 0.05) and stressed treatment (P < 0.01). There was no difference in BW in DXL and HGPS hens between the control and the social disruption treatments. However, the relative adrenal weight of HGPS hens tended to be lower than control hens after social disruption (0.05 > P < 0.10). Plasma corticosterone was significantly lower in both strains following social disruption (P < 0.01). The T-lymphocyte ratio (CD4+: CD8+) was greater in HGPS hens than DXL hens post social disruption (P < 0.05). The data indicate that the 2 strains of hens reacted differently in terms of the adrenal system and immunity in response to social disruption. Hens selected for longevity with docile behaviors and high productivity, such as HGPS hens, provide a useful tool for improving animal well-being. C1 [Fahey, A. G.; Cheng, H. -W.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fahey, A. G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Heng-wei.Cheng@ars.usda.gov OI Fahey, Alan/0000-0002-4594-5767 FU USDA-National Research Initiative FX We are grateful to students and employees of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Livestock Behavioral Research Unit for their assistance in the collection of data. We would also like to thank Fred Haan and all the employees of the Purdue University poultry farm for their assistance. Thank you to Mark Einstein in the Animal Sciences Department (Purdue University) for his statistical advice. We would also like to express gratitude to Don Lay (USDA-Agricultural Research Service) for his assistance in manuscript preparation. This work was supported by a USDA-National Research Initiative grant. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1947 EP 1954 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00477 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 351CV UT WOS:000259403000004 PM 18809855 ER PT J AU Choi, IH Moore, PA AF Choi, I. H. Moore, P. A., Jr. TI Effects of liquid aluminum chloride additions to poultry litter on broiler performance, ammonia emissions, soluble phosphorus, total volatile fatty acids, and nitrogen contents of litter SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE litter; broiler performance; ammonia emission; soluble reactive phosphorus; total volatile fatty acid ID CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; IRON AMENDMENTS; SWINE MANURE; RUNOFF; CHICKENS; WASTE; VOLATILIZATION; AVAILABILITY; SOLUBILITY; RAINFALL AB Recent studies have shown that the use of aluminum sulfate [alum, Al-2(SO4)(3) center dot 14H(2)O] and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) additions to animal manures are more effective than other chemicals in reducing ammonia (NH3) emissions and P solubility. Although the use of Al-2(SO4)(3) center dot 14H(2)O has been intensively used in the poultry industry for many years, no research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of liquid AlCl3 on these parameters. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of applying liquid AlCl3 to poultry litter on 1) broiler performance, 2) NH3 fluxes, and 3) litter chemical characteristics, including soluble reactive P, total volatile fatty acids, and N content. Eight hundred broiler chicks were placed into 16 floor pens (50 birds/pen) in a single house for 6 wk. Liquid AlCl3 treatments were sprayed on the litter surface at rates of 100, 200, and 300 g of liquid AlCl3/kg of litter; untreated litter served as controls. At the 2 lower rates, liquid AlCl3 treatments tended to improve weight gain and feed intake but had no effect on feed conversion or mortality, whereas the higher rate (300 g/kg of litter) had a negative effect on intake. Application of 100, 200, and 300 g of liquid AlCl3 reduced NH3 fluxes by 63, 76, and 76% during the 6-wk period, respectively, compared with the controls. Liquid AlCl3 additions reduced litter soluble reactive P contents by 24, 30, and 36%, respectively, at the low, medium, and high rates. Total volatile fatty acid contents (odor precursors) in litter were reduced by 20, 50, and 51%, respectively, with 100, 200, and 300 g of liquid AlCl3/kg of litter. Liquid AlCl3 additions increased total N, inorganic N, and plant available N contents in litter. These results indicate that liquid AlCl3 additions at the lower rates can provide significant positive environmental benefits to broiler operations. C1 [Moore, P. A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Choi, I. H.] Daegu Univ, Probiot Korea Inc, Gyong San 712714, South Korea. RP Moore, PA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Plant Sci 115, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM philipm@uark.edu FU Korean government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2005-214- F00044] FX The authors would like to thank David Horlick (USDA-Agricultural Research Service), Suzanne Horlick (University of Arkansas), Jerry Martin (USDA-Agricultural Research Service), Wally McDonner (USDA-Agricultural Research Service), Scott Zornes (USDA-Agricultural Research Service), and Scott Becton (University of Arkansas) for their technical assistance in the farm and lab. This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean government (MOEHRD; KRF-2005-214- F00044). NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1955 EP 1963 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00053 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 351CV UT WOS:000259403000005 PM 18809856 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Viscione, KA Branton, SL Vance, AM Gerard, PD Whitmarsh, SK AF Peebles, E. D. Viscione, K. A. Branton, S. L. Vance, A. M. Gerard, P. D. Whitmarsh, S. K. TI Effects of prelay 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation alone or in conjunction with the inoculation of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum during lay on the blood characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blood; F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; inoculation; 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum ID AGE; PERFORMANCE AB The effects of 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (6/85MG) inoculation alone or in conjunction with F-strain M. gallisepticum (FMG) overlays and their timing on the blood characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens were investigated. Control birds received sham inoculations at 10 wk of age. Birds in a second treatment group were inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk of age, those in a third treatment group were inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk followed by an overlay inoculation of FMG at 22 wk, and those in a fourth treatment group were inoculated with 6/85MG at 10 wk followed by an overlay inoculation of FMG at 45 wk. Parameters investigated at 24, 32, 43, and 47 wk were hematocrit, plasma total protein, and serum calcium, triglycerides, and cholesterol. No significant treatment effects were noted for hematocrit, serum triglycerides, or serum cholesterol. However, at wk 32, plasma protein was greater in birds that received 6/85MG at 10 wk or 6/85MG at 10 wk and FMG at 22 wk in comparison to controls. Also, at wk 47, serum calcium concentration was greater in birds that received 6/85MG at 10 wk and FMG at 45 wk compared with controls and those that received 6/85MG at 10 wk and FMG at 22 wk. These results suggest that the prelay inoculation of pullets with 6/85MG may subsequently elevate plasma protein, and in conjunction with an FMG overlay at 45 wk, may increase serum calcium concentrations in laying hens. C1 [Peebles, E. D.; Viscione, K. A.; Whitmarsh, S. K.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.; Vance, A. M.] ARS, Poultry Res Unit, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 87 IS 10 BP 2000 EP 2004 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00178 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 351CV UT WOS:000259403000011 PM 18809862 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Smith, D Huezo, RI Ingram, KD AF Northcutt, J. K. Smith, D. Huezo, R. I. Ingram, K. D. TI Microbiology of broiler carcasses and chemistry of chiller water as affected by water reuses (vol 87, pg 1458, 2008) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 [Northcutt, J. K.] Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Huezo, R. I.] Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 87 IS 10 BP 2173 EP 2173 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-87-10-2173 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 351CV UT WOS:000259403000032 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Wheeler, AG AF Henry, Thomas J. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. TI JOHN D. LATTIN: FESTSCHRIFT FOR AN EMINENT AND A PASSIONATE HETEROPTERIST, WITH A LIST OF HIS PUBLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, SEL, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wheeler, A. G., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, SEL, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov; awhlr@clemson.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 SI SI BP 825 EP 832 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.4.825 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 377BS UT WOS:000261227300001 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI FIRST NORTH AMERICAN RECORDS FOR THE PALEARCTIC ORIUS MAJUSCULUS (REUTER) (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Anthocoridae; Orius; majusculus; non-indigenous; Canada; description; new records ID GENUS ORIUS AB Orius majusculus (Reuter), a widespread Palearctic species, is reported in North America for the first time based on specimens collected in Ontario, Canada. A diagnosis, description, photographs of the adult, photomicrographs of selected structures, and illustrations of male genitalia are presented to help distinguish O. majusculus from other North America species of the genus. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov FU Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL]; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC FX I thank Jan Barber, Peter Bernhardt, Peter Kevin, and Victoria MacPhail for information and collection data related to Courtney Finch's research program and Michele Touchet (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], ARS, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC) for the color photographs. I am also grateful to Steven Paeiro (UG) for collection records and follow-up fieldwork in 2007 that provided critical information further confirming the North American establishment of O. majusculus. Matt Buffington (SEL), John D. Lattin (Oregon State University, Corvallis), and Michael G. Pogue (SEL) kindly reviewed the manuscript. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 SI SI BP 953 EP 959 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.4.953 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 377BS UT WOS:000261227300007 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Lewis, TM Thomsen-Archer, K Unruh, TR AF Horton, Davi R. Lewis, Tamera M. Thomsen-Archer, Kelly Unruh, Thomas R. TI MORPHOLOGY, GENETICS, AND MALE MATING SUCCESS COMPARED BETWEEN ANTHOCORIS MUSCULUS AND A. ANTEVOLENS (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Insecta; morphometrics; genitalia; reproductive isolation; geographic variation; mtDNA; cryptic species ID POPULATIONS; WASHINGTON; INSECTS AB The predatory true bugs Anthocoris antevolens White and A. musculus (Say) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) are geographically widespread species in North America having broadly overlapping ranges. The two species are similar in coloration, size, host-plant use, and general appearance of the male genitalia. They are separated in keys by characteristics of the pubescence on the hemelytra: A. antevolens, pubescence long and dense; A. musculus, pubescence short and sparse. However, the extensive variability in this trait, in combination with similarities in other traits, has led to questions about whether A. antevolens and A. musculus are actually distinct species. We compared behavioral, morphological, and molecular genetic traits among specimens collected from four geographic regions, whose appearance Would identify them as A. musculus (from three Populations: Maine, Michigan, Montana) or as A. antevolens (from one population: central Washington). We included for comparison results for three populations of A. antevolens shown in earlier publications to differ in behavior, morphology, and mitochondrial DNA. Our results showed that identifications made using pubescence traits often failed to parallel variation in other characteristics, notably appearance of the male genitalia, mating success, and DNA sequences. In SLIM, our results indicate that variation among populations of A. antevolens in morphological, behavioral, and genetic traits may often exceed differences in those same traits between A. musculus and A. antevolens, if identifications Lire made using available keys. C1 [Horton, Davi R.; Lewis, Tamera M.; Thomsen-Archer, Kelly; Unruh, Thomas R.] USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM david.horton@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative; USDA Cooperative State Research; Education and Extension Service [2002-35316-12266] FX We thank Deb Broers and Merilee Bayer For assistance in collecting and rearing. Earlier drafts of the manuscript were reviewed by Steve Garczynski, Tom Henry, and A1 Wheeler. We thank Jack Lattin for much discussion over the years, and for his continued interest in our Studies with Anthocoridae. This project was Supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (2002-35316-12266) to D.R.H. and T.R.U. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 SI SI BP 960 EP 977 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.4.960 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 377BS UT WOS:000261227300008 ER PT J AU Kerzhner, IM Henry, TJ AF Kerzhner, Izyaslav M. Henry, Thomas J. TI THREE NEW SPECIES, NOTES AND NEW RECORDS OF POORLY KNOWN SPECIES, AND AN UPDATED CHECKLIST FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN NABIDAE (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Nabidae; North America; checklist; new species; Hoplistocelis confusa; Nabis latior; Pagasa lattini ID BIONOMICS; CANADA AB Three new species of North American Nabidae are described: Hoplistoscelis confusa, n. sp., Nabis latior n. sp., and Pagasa lattini n. sp. A diagnosis, description, a dorsal and lateral color photograph, a pen and ink dorsal habitus illustration, drawings of male and/or female genitalia, and comments on their relationship with other species are given for each. Nabis Mexicanus Remane is recorded from the United States for the First time and new U.S. state or Canadian province records are given for several species. Clarification of misidentifications since the 1988 North American nabid catalog are reported. A revised checklist of the North American Nabidae is provided, giving current generic and subgeneric combinations for 41 species. C1 [Kerzhner, Izyaslav M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kerzhner, IM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 SI SI BP 988 EP 1011 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.4.988 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 377BS UT WOS:000261227300010 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI NEW SPECIES OF ARGIDAE AND PERGIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) FROM CENTRAL AMERICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Scobina; Decameria; Costa Rica; Panama AB Scohina lattini, n. sp., from Costa Rica and Panama, S. alas, n. sp., from Costa Rica (Argidae), and Decameria lattini, n. sp., from Costa Rica (Pergidae) are described. The species are illustrated, and a key is presented for the four species of Scobina having bicolored wings in which vein M meets Sc+R some distance from the point where vein Rs+M meets Sc+R. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 SI SI BP 1212 EP 1219 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.4.1212 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 377BS UT WOS:000261227300020 ER PT J AU Wheeler, AG Hoebeke, ER Miller, GL AF Wheeler, A. G., Jr. Hoebeke, E. Richard Miller, Gary L. TI NEW RECORDS OF HEMIPTERA (STERNORRHYNCHA, CICADOMORPHA, HETEROPTERA) FOR NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Insecta; insect detection; new records; adventive species; Atlantic Canada ID NORTH-AMERICA; HOMOPTERA; CICADELLIDAE; APHIDIDAE; MEXICO; FIEBER; BUGS AB The first Newfoundland records are given for 12 Palearctic species: the aphids Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholodkovsky), A. pisum (Harris), Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.), Macrosiphoniella artemisiae (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kaltenbach), Tubercula tits annulatus (Hartig), and Uroleucon cirsii (L.); leafhoppers Athysanus argentarius Metcalf and Grypotes puncticollis (Herrich-Schaeffer); anthocorids Acompocoris pygmaeus (Fallen) and Anthocoris confusus Reuter; and microphysid Loricula pselaphiformis Curtis. All 12 Old World species are considered immigrant (rather than intentionally introduced) in Newfoundland. Two mirid species native to North America-Deraeocoris piceicola Knight and D. pinicola. Knight-also are reported as new to the island. All 14 hemipteran species were collected in the eastern Avalon Peninsula (13 were found at the major port city of St. John's) and were found mainly on Old World plants. The record of the mirid D. piceicola. is the first for eastern Canada, and that of the microphysid L. pselaphiformis represents the second for North America; this species was known previously only from Halifax, Nova Scotia. A summary of the previously recorded North American distributions and host-plant associations of the 14 species is provided. C1 [Wheeler, A. G., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hoebeke, E. Richard] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Miller, Gary L.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wheeler, AG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM awhlr@clemson.edu; erh2@cornell.edu; gary.miller@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 SI SI BP 1239 EP 1245 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.4.1239 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 377BS UT WOS:000261227300023 ER PT J AU Talegawkar, SA Johnson, EJ Caritbers, TC Taylor, HA Bogle, ML Tucker, KL AF Talegawkar, Sameera A. Johnson, Elizabeth J. Caritbers, Teresa C. Taylor, Herman A., Jr. Bogle, Margaret L. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Carotenoid intakes, assessed by food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs), are associated with serum carotenoid concentrations in the Jackson Heart Study: validation of the Jackson Heart Study Delta NIRI Adult FFQs SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; food frequency; African American; adult ID VITAMIN-E; DIETARY QUESTIONNAIRE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; RISK; LYCOPENE; DISEASE AB Objectives: Intake and Status of carotenoids have been associated with chronic disease. The objectives Of this study were to examine the association between carotenoid intakes as measured by two regional food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and their corresponding measures in serum, and to report on dietary food sources of carotenoids in Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of data for 402 African American men and women participating in the Diet and Physical Activity Sub-Study (DPASS) of the JHS. Results: Mean Serum carotenoid concentrations and intakes in this population were comparable to those reported for the general US population. After adjustment for covariates, correlations between serum and dietary measures of each carotenoid, for the average of the recalls (deattenuated), the short FFQ and the long FFQ respectively, were: 0.37, 0.35 and 0.21 for alpha-carotene; 0.35, 0.26 and 0.28 for total (diet plus supplements) beta-carotene; 0.25, 0.17 and 0.20 for dietary beta-carotene; 0.42, 0.34 and 0.26 for beta-cryptoxanthin; 0.33, 0.15 and 0.17 for lutein plus zeaxanthin; and 0.37, 0.19 and 0.14 for lycopene. Major dietary sources of a-carotene were orange vegetables: of beta-carotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin, mustard, turnip and collard greens; of beta-cryptoxanthin, orange juice; and of lycopene, tomato juice. Conclusions: On average, carotenoid intakes and serum concentrations are not lower in this southern African American population than the general US population. The two regional FFQs developed for a southern US population and used as dietary assessment tools in the JHS appear to provide reasonably valid information for most of these carotenoids. C1 [Talegawkar, Sameera A.; Johnson, Elizabeth J.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Caritbers, Teresa C.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. [Taylor, Herman A., Jr.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson Heart Study, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Bogle, Margaret L.] USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIH [N01-HC-95170, N01-HC-95171, N01-HIC-95172]; National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities; USDA [651-53000-003-00D, 58-1950-7-707] FX The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. This research was supported by NIH contracts N01-HC-95170, N01-HC-95171 and N01-HIC-95172 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities; and by USDA Agricultural Rescarch Service contracts #651-53000-003-00D and #58-1950-7-707. S.A.T. performed the analysis and drafted the paper as part of her PhD thesis at Tufts University, E.J.J. directed the laboratory analysis and contributed to the interpretation of laboratory measures, T.C.C. directed the dietary data collection, H.A.T. is the principal investigator of the Jackson Heart Study, M.L.B. contributed to the dietary data collection and interpretation, K.L.T. oversaw the design, analysis and writing for this manuscript. All authors reviewed earlier drafts for content and form and approved the final version. NR 44 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 11 IS 10 BP 989 EP 997 DI 10.1017/S1368980007001310 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 356TJ UT WOS:000259800200003 PM 18053294 ER PT J AU Irvin, EA Williams, D Voss, KA Smith, MA AF Irvin, Elizabeth Ann Williams, Denita Voss, Kenneth A. Smith, Mary Alice TI Listeria monocytogenes infection in pregnant guinea pigs is associated with maternal liver necrosis, a decrease in maternal serum TNF-alpha concentrations, and an increase in placental apoptosis SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; Guinea pigs; Listeriosis; Placenta; Infection; Pregnancy; Cytokine; Apoptosis ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; INDUCED STILLBIRTHS; DOSE-RESPONSE; MODEL; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; CELLS; MICE AB Stillbirths and spontaneous abortions can result when pregnant women are exposed to the food borne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. Fetuses and neonates account for one-third of the 2500 cases annually. The objectives were to determine the dose dependent trends of immunological and pathological effects in pregnant guinea pigs after infection with L. monocytogenes. Timed pregnant guinea pigs were treated on gestation day (gd) 35 with doses of 10(4) to 10(8) Colony forming units (CFUs) and sacrificed on gd 56. Hepatic lesions were found in dams treated with >= 10(5) CFUs. Apoptosis was detected in significantly more placentas from dams treated with >= 10(6) CFUs compared to controls. Maternal serum TNF-alpha concentrations were significantly decreased in all dose groups compared to controls. in conclusion, increases in premature delivery, maternal hepatic effects and placental apoptosis along with a decrease in TNF-alpha concentrations were associated with L. monocytogenes infection in pregnant guinea pigs. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Irvin, Elizabeth Ann; Williams, Denita; Smith, Mary Alice] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Irvin, Elizabeth Ann; Williams, Denita; Voss, Kenneth A.; Smith, Mary Alice] Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Ctr Food Safety, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Voss, Kenneth A.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Smith, MA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, 206 Environm Hlth Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30606 USA. EM masmith@uga.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-NAFS [USDA 59-1935-3-368]; American Meat Institute Foundation; University of Georgia's College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; College of Public Health FX This study was funded in part by the United States Department of Agriculture-NAFS (USDA 59-1935-3-368), the American Meat Institute Foundation, and salary support from University of Georgia's College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (EAI, MAS) and College of Public Health (MAS, DW). We thank and acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Sarah Hamler and Norma Stewart with pathological studies, Sonya Lambert and Arena Richardson for animal work, and Russ Levy and Dr. Steven Offenbacher for cytokine studies. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 26 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.07.007 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 363KK UT WOS:000260266000007 PM 18708136 ER PT J AU Lewis, GS Wulster-Radcliffe, MC Herbein, JH AF Lewis, G. S. Wulster-Radcliffe, M. C. Herbein, J. H. TI Fatty acid profiles, growth, and immune responses of neonatal lambs fed milk replacer and supplemented with fish oil or safflower oil SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lamb; Fish oil; Immune response; Growth; Milk substitutes ID SPRAY-DRIED PLASMA; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE EXPOSURE; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; INFECTIOUS BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UTERINE RESPONSE; LACTATING EWES; NURSERY PIGS; TUNA OIL; PERFORMANCE AB Diets supplemented with long chain, n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have improved the health and performance of neonatal and growing animals. This study was conducted with lambs that were orphaned at approximately 1 day of age to determine whether supplementing milk replacer fed lambs with oils rich in long chain n - 3 or n - 6 PUFA would alter plasma lipid profiles and affect growth characteristics and immune functions. From days 1 to 28 of age, lambs had ad libitum access to commercial milk replacer. From days 7 to 28 of age, lambs received twice daily either 1 g of soybean oil, 1 g of fish oil, or I g of safflower oil per os in a gelatin capsule (n = 60 pens; 20 pens/treatment; one ewe and one ram with similar initial body weights/pen). On days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of age, lambs were weighed, and jugular blood was collected from ram lambs. Lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, and weight gains were quantified. Plasma from days 7 and 28 was used for fatty acid analyses. Fish oil increased (P < 0.001) plasma total n - 3 fatty acid concentration and total n - 3:total n - 6 fatty acid ratio. Pen body weight (i.e., total lamb weight per pen) increased (P< 0.001) with day (day 7, 11.9 kg; day 14, 15.1 kg: day 21, 18.2 kg; and day 28, 21.2 kg), but oil treatment did not affect pen body weight. Neither oil treatment, day, nor oil treatment x day interaction were significant for pen body weight gains (3.5 kg). pen average daily gains (0.5 kg), pen milk intakes (19.0 kg), or pen gain:feed ratio (0.18) measured during three intervals: days 7-14; days 14-21: and days 21-28. Day, but not oil treatment, affected (P< 0.001) unstimulated, concanavalin A stimulated, and lipopolysaccharides stimulated lymphocyte proliferation: days 14, 21, and 28 proliferation > day 7 proliferation. For neutrophils per 100 WBC, the treatment x day interaction was significant (P< 0.05). Oil treatment and day affected (P < 0.01 and <0.05, respectively) lymphocyte numbers per 100 WBC. For monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, neither oil treatment, day, nor the oil treatment x day interaction were significant. Fish oil altered plasma fatty acid profiles, but it did not seem to improve measures of the performance or immune function of healthy, milk replacer fed lambs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lewis, G. S.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Off Loop 19, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Wulster-Radcliffe, M. C.] Amer Soc Anim Sci, Savoy, IL 61874 USA. [Herbein, J. H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lewis, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Off Loop 19, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM Gregory.Lewis@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2-3 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.07.024 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 368RY UT WOS:000260641400011 ER PT J AU Reeve, JR Smith, JL Carpenter-Boggs, L Reganold, JP AF Reeve, Jennifer R. Smith, Jeffrey L. Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne Reganold, John P. TI Soil-based cycling and differential uptake of amino acids by three species of strawberry (Fragaria spp.) plants SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Amino acid uptake; Amino acid turnover; Strawberry; Organic agriculture ID ORGANIC NITROGEN; BIODEGRADATION; AVAILABILITY; RHIZOSPHERE; ECOSYSTEMS; CAPTURE; ROOTS AB Evidence is growing that amino acids can be an important source of plant N in nutrient limited natural ecosystems, but relatively little is known about the effect of agricultural management on soil amino acid pools and turnover. Organic management in particular relies oil slow-release organic inputs as fertilizer, which could result in greater pools of soil amino acids available for plant uptake. Moreover, we know little about potential differences in amino acid uptake ability within plant families and whether this ability may have been lost during domestication. In order to determine the relative effects of soil type and management on amino acid turnover, we measured the effect of fine- versus coarse-textured soil and organic versus conventional management on free amino acids and proteolytic activity in the field. Secondly, we conducted greenhouse experiments to determine the ability of domestic and wild strawberry to utilize amino acid-N. Fine-textured and organically managed soils contained significantly higher total C and N than coarse-textured and conventionally managed soils. There were no significant differences in free amino acids or protease activity in relation to texture or management. Amino acid turnover was calculated at 0.7-1.5 h. Turnover time was significantly greater in fine-textured soils. Turnover time as a result of substrate additions was significantly shorter in coarse-textured soils; in fine-texturedsoils turnover time was shorter under conventional management. This suggests less competition for amino acids in soils with greater C, N and/or cation exchange capacity (CEC), such as fine-textured and organically managed soils. Two wild species of strawberry, Fragaria virginiana and Fragaria chiloensis, took up significantly more C-14 labeled glycine than the domesticated species, Fragaria fragaria. More research is needed to determine whether strawberry cultivars could be selected or bred for their ability to capture amino acid-N, thus improving N-use efficiency in farming systems relying on the breakdown of organic matter as a N source. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Reeve, Jennifer R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Smith, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne; Reganold, John P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Reeve, JR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Old Main Hill 4820 AGS 332, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM jennifer.reeve@usu.edu RI Reeve, Jennifer /G-7148-2011 FU Organic Center; USDA-ARS FX This research was supported by The Organic Center and USDA-ARS. Many thanks to Marc Evans for statistical consulting and to Debbi Bikfasy for much needed advice and assistance in the laboratory. A special thanks to Stewart Higgins for invaluable help trouble shooting SAS code and debating statistical procedures in general, and to Ron Bolton for assistance with numerous Computer related problems and questions. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2547 EP 2552 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.015 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 365XW UT WOS:000260444000009 ER PT J AU Barkworth, ME Arriaga, MO Smith, JF Jacobs, SWL Valdes-Reyna, J Bushman, BS AF Barkworth, Mary E. Arriaga, Mirta O. Smith, James F. Jacobs, Surrey W. L. Valdes-Reyna, Jesus Bushman, B. Shaun TI Molecules and Morphology in South American Stipeae (Poaceae) SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ITS; cpDNA; Grasses; Phylogeny; Poaceae; South America; Stipeae ID CONCERTED EVOLUTION; CHLOROPLAST DNA; NATURAL HYBRIDS; DATA SETS; GRAMINEAE; PHYLOGENIES; SYSTEMATICS; CHARACTERS; NASSELLA; SAXIFRAGACEAE AB We conducted phylogenetic analyses of molecular data (ITS, trnH-psbA, trnC-trnL, and trnK-rps16) for 71 species of stipoid grasses. Of these species, 30 are native to South America, seven are native to Mexico and/or the southwestern United States, 15 to other parts of North America, 12 to Eurasia and/or the Mediterranean region, and seven to Australia. The outgroup was Glyceria declinata, a member of the Meliceae, a tribe that is in the same clade as and possibly sister to, the Stipeae. The purpose of the study was to evaluate alternative generic treatments of the South American Stipeae, all of which are based on morphological and anatomical information. Questions of particular interest were the merits of recognizing Amelichloa and of including Stipa subgg. Pappostipa and Ptilostipa in Jarava. Trees obtained from separate analyses of the ITS and cpDNA data were poorly resolved. The majority rule consensus tree obtained from the combined data provided strong support for the monophyly of only two currently recognized genera, Piptochaetium and Hesperostipa. There was strong support for a lineage comprising Amelichloa, Jarava s. str., most North American species of Achnatherum, and most samples of Nassella. Amelichloa was included within a poorly resolved Nassella clade that was sister to the Jarava clade. Austrostipa, with the exception of one sample, was monophyletic and sister to the poorly supported Achnatherum-Amelichloa-Nassella-Jarava clade. Stipa subg. Pappostipa formed a separate strongly supported clade if the North American samples of S. speciosa were excluded from consideration. None of the trees support including S. subg. Pappostipa in Jarava. For S. subg. Ptilostipa we obtained no ITS data and cpDNA data for only one species. The cpDNA data placed the species in a clade with two Nassella species. C1 [Barkworth, Mary E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Intermt Herbarium, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Arriaga, Mirta O.] Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernadino Rivadavia, RA-1405 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Smith, James F.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Jacobs, Surrey W. L.] Royal Bot Gardens, Natl Herbarium New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. [Valdes-Reyna, Jesus] Univ Autonoma Agr Antonio Narro, Dept Bot, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico. [Bushman, B. Shaun] USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Barkworth, ME (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Intermt Herbarium, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Barkworth, Mary/A-7158-2009 FU Utah State University, Logan [Utah 84322-4810] FX We thank the collectors of plant specimens without which this study would not have been possible, Drs. Jan Barber and Konstantin Romaschenko for providing us copies of their posters, Dr. F. Hrusa for permitting us to sample the CDFA specimens, and Ian Whipple for his assistance in the laboratory. Lastly, we thank the reviewers for their suggestions as to how our original manuscript could be improved. We hope that they feel their efforts were worthwhile. This research was supported in part by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4810. Approved as journal paper no. 7929. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 719 EP 731 DI 10.1600/036364408786500235 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 373XW UT WOS:000261007800010 ER PT J AU Widrlechner, MP Kirkbride, JH Ghebretinsae, AG Reitsma, KR AF Widrlechner, Mark P. Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr. Ghebretinsae, Amanuel G. Reitsma, Kathleen R. TI Cucumis zambianus (Cucurbitaceae), a New Species from Northwestern Zambia SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis; Cucurbitaceae; ITS; new species; phylogeny; Zambia ID EVOLUTION AB During germplasm explorations within Zambia in 1984, seven Cucumis accessions were collected that could not be identified to species. Two of the accessions were studied in-depth. Based on phenotypic characters, they were closest to Cucumis pustulatus. In ITS analyses of all available Cucumis species and the accessions, the two accessions grouped with 100% bootstrap support in a clade comprising C. anguria, C. dipsaceus, C. insignis, and C. pustulatus. The accessions differed from these four Cucumis species by the following characters: plants pilose, male inflorescences particulate with 6-30 flowers, staminate-flower calyx lobes linear, pistillate-flower pedicels long and cylindrical, and a genetic difference of 4 base pairs in their ITS sequences. Controlled crosses were made within and between the two accessions and between each of them and C. pustulatus. Fruits were produced from crosses made within and between the two accessions, but attempts involving C. pustulaffis were unsuccessful. The two accessions are described as a new species, Cucumis zambianus. Six of the seven unidentified Cucumis collections from Zambia are identified as C. zambianus herein. They were all collected in the northwestern corner of Zambia, but the new species is also expected to occur in eastern Angola and southern Zaire. C1 [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Ghebretinsae, Amanuel G.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Ghebretinsae, Amanuel G.] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Widrlechner, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark.widrlechner@ars.usda.gov FU owa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa [1018] FX This journal paper of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 1018, was supported by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. Mention of commercial brand names does not constitute an endorsement of any product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or cooperating agencies. We would like to thank Ms. Lucinda Clark for technical assistance in plant cultivation, pollination, and voucher preparation, Ms. Imke Thormann for assistance in supplying the original exploration report, and Drs. Lynn G. Clark, Kenneth R. Robertson, Peter F. Stevens, and John H. Wiersema, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions in reviewing this manuscript. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 732 EP 738 DI 10.1600/036364408786500154 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 373XW UT WOS:000261007800011 ER PT J AU Chu, CG Friesen, TL Xu, SS Faris, JD AF Chu, C. -G. Friesen, T. L. Xu, S. S. Faris, J. D. TI Identification of novel tan spot resistance loci beyond the known host-selective toxin insensitivity genes in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; CHLOROSIS INDUCTION; HEXAPLOID WHEATS; DURUM-WHEAT; PTR TOXA; RACE; INHERITANCE AB Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a destructive foliar disease of wheat causing significant yield reduction in major wheat growing areas throughout the world. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring resistance to tan spot in the synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) line TA4152-60. A doubled haploid (DH) mapping population derived from TA4152-60 x ND495 was inoculated with conidia produced by isolates of each of four virulent races of P. tritici-repentis found in North America. QTL analysis revealed a total of five genomic regions significantly associated with tan spot resistance, all of which were contributed by the SHW line. Among them, two novel QTLs located on chromosome arms 2AS and 5BL conferred resistance to all isolates tested. Another novel QTL on chromosome arm 5AL conferred resistance to isolates of races 1, 2 and 5, and a QTL specific to a race 3 isolate was detected on chromosome arm 4AL. None of these QTLs corresponded to known host selective toxin (HST) insensitivity loci, but a second QTL on chromosome arm 5BL conferred resistance to the Ptr ToxA producing isolates of races 1 and 2 and corresponded to the Tsn1 (Ptr ToxA sensitivity) locus. This indicates that the wheat-P. tritici-repentis pathosystem is much more complex than previously thought and that selecting for toxin insensitivity alone will not necessarily lead to tan spot resistance. The markers associated with the QTLs identified in this work will be useful for deploying the SHW line as a tan spot resistance source in wheat breeding. C1 [Friesen, T. L.; Xu, S. S.; Faris, J. D.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Chu, C. -G.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Justin.Faris@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5442-22000-037-00D, 5442-22000-030-00D] FX The authors thank P. E. Lipps and S. Ali for providing P. tritici-repentis isolates, J. G. Hu and G. T. Yu for critical review. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Projects 5442-22000-037-00D and 5442-22000-030-00D. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 117 IS 6 BP 873 EP 881 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0826-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 349JI UT WOS:000259276700004 PM 18575834 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ Xu, L Jia, ZQ Xu, Y Yang, Q Fei, ZJ Lu, XY Chen, HM Huang, SW AF Liu, Shiqiang Xu, Liang Jia, Zhiqi Xu, Yong Yang, Qing Fei, Zhangjun Lu, Xiangyang Chen, Huiming Huang, Sanwen TI Genetic association of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-like sequence with the sex-determining M locus in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; ETHYLENE RESPONSES; EXPRESSION; FEMALENESS; AFLP; DNA; PATHWAY; FLOWERS; MEMBERS; FAMILY AB Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has served as the model system for sex expression in flowering plants and its sex type is predominantly controlled by two genetic loci, F and M. Ethylene is the major plant hormone that regulates sex expression in cucumber. The current model predicts that ethylene serves as both a promoter of femaleness via the F locus and an inhibitor of the male sex via the M locus. In support of this model, genetic, genomic, and transcript analyses indicate that the F gene encodes a key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis. In this study, we discovered that the M locus co-segregates with an ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3)-like genomic sequence in an F(2) population of 96 individuals. This genetic association agrees with the prediction that the M locus is involved in ethylene signaling, thus providing another line of evidence in favor of the model. In addition, we generated an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP((R))) map of the M locus, which was delimited into a genetic interval of 2.5 cM. The genetic association and the local map will assist the molecular isolation of the M gene using the combination of positional cloning and candidate gene approach. C1 [Liu, Shiqiang; Jia, Zhiqi; Huang, Sanwen] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Xu, Liang; Lu, Xiangyang; Chen, Huiming] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Vegetable Res Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China. [Xu, Yong] Beijing Vegetable Res Ctr, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, USDA Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Xu, Liang; Lu, Xiangyang; Chen, Huiming] Hunan Agr Univ, Lab Biochem & Fermentat, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shiqiang; Yang, Qing] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. RP Huang, SW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM huiminghm@163.com; huangsanwen@caas.net.cn OI Huang, Sanwen/0000-0002-8547-5309 FU Ministry of Agriculture [2008-Z42]; Ministry of Science and Technology [2006DFA32140] FX The experiment was carried out in the SinoDutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics Technology and the Opening Lab of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology of Ministry of Agriculture, both located in the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. We thank Dr. J. E. Staub (Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison) for providing the cucumber materials and Dr. Zhonghua Zhang of our lab for bioinformatics analysis. This work was supported by grants from Ministry of Agriculture ("948" Program: 2008-Z42) and Ministry of Science and Technology (2006DFA32140) to S. H. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 117 IS 6 BP 927 EP 933 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0832-1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 349JI UT WOS:000259276700009 PM 18629467 ER PT J AU Mian, MAR Kang, ST Beil, SE Hammond, RB AF Mian, M. A. Rouf Kang, Sung-Taeg Beil, Scott E. Hammond, Ronald B. TI Genetic linkage mapping of the soybean aphid resistance gene in PI 243540 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SINGLE DOMINANT GENE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; MARKERS; ANTIBIOSIS; MAPS; ANTIXENOSIS; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE AB The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is a pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in many soybean growing countries of the world, mainly in Asia and North America. A single dominant gene in PI 243540 confers resistance to the soybean aphid. The objectives of this study were to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers closely linked to the gene in PI 243540 and to position the gene on the consensus soybean genetic map. One hundred eighty-four F(2) plants and their F(2:3) families from a cross between the susceptible cultivar Wyandot and PI 243540, and the two parental lines were screened with the Ohio biotype of soybean aphid using greenhouse choice tests. A SSR marker from each 10-cM section of the consensus soybean map was selected for bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to identify the tentative genomic location of the gene. The BSA technique was useful to localize the gene to a genomic region in soybean linkage group (LG) F. The entire F(2) population was then screened with polymorphic SSR markers from this genomic region and a linkage map with nine SSR markers flanking the gene was constructed. The aphid resistance gene was positioned in the interval between SSR markers Satt334 and Sct_033 on LG F. These SSR markers will be useful for marker assisted selection of this gene. The aphid resistance gene from PI 243540 mapped to a different linkage group than the only named soybean aphid resistance gene, Rag1, from 'Dowling'. Also, the responses of the two known biotypes of the soybean aphid to the gene from PI 243540 and Rag1 were different. Thus, the aphid resistance gene from PI 243540 was determined to be a new and independent gene that has been named Rag2. C1 [Mian, M. A. Rouf; Beil, Scott E.] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf; Beil, Scott E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Kang, Sung-Taeg] RDA, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Suwon 441857, South Korea. [Hammond, Ronald B.] Ohio State Univ, OARDC, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Mian, MAR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mian.3@osu.edu FU UDSA-ARS; Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2006-677-F00001] FX We thank Jane Todd and Tim Mendiola for their technical help in this study. This study was supported by the UDSA-ARS. It was also partly supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-677-F00001). NR 49 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 117 IS 6 BP 955 EP 962 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0835-y PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 349JI UT WOS:000259276700012 ER PT J AU Flores, T Karpova, O Su, XJ Zeng, PY Bilyeu, K Sleper, DA Nguyen, HT Zhang, ZJ AF Flores, Teresita Karpova, Olga Su, Xiujuan Zeng, Peiyu Bilyeu, Kristin Sleper, David A. Nguyen, Henry T. Zhang, Zhanyuan J. TI Silencing of GmFAD3 gene by siRNA leads to low alpha-linolenic acids (18 : 3) of fad3-mutant phenotype in soybean [Glycine max (Merr.)] SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RNAi; siRNA; inverted repeat; gene silencing; GmFAD3 ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; RNA INTERFERENCE; ERUCIC-ACID; FAD2 GENE; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; DUPLICATION; GLUFOSINATE; INHERITANCE; SUPPRESSION AB RNA interference (RNAi) has been recently employed as an effective experimental tool for both basic and applied biological studies in various organisms including plants. RNAi deploys small RNAs, mainly small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), to mediate the degradation of mRNA for regulating gene expression in plants. Here we report an efficient siRNA-mediated gene silencing of the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) gene family in a complex genome, the soybean (Glycine max). The FAD3 enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of alpha-linolenic acids (18:3) in the polyunsaturated fatty acid pathway. It is this fatty acid that contributes mostly to the instability of soybean and other seed oils. Therefore, a significant reduction of this fatty acid will increase the stability of the seed oil, enhancing the seed agronomical value. A conserved nucleotide sequence, 318-nt in length, common to the three gene family members was used as an inverted repeat for RNA interference. The RNAi expression cassette was driven by a seed-specific promoter. We show that the transgene-produced siRNA caused silencing of FAD3 that was comparable to the fad3 mutant phenotype and, furthermore, that such a silencing is stably inherited in engineered soybean lines. Since the pool size of the alpha-linolenic acids is small relative to the other polyunsaturated fatty acids in soybean, the significant reduction of this fatty acid suggests a role and great potential for the siRNA strategy in silencing gene families in a complex genome. C1 [Flores, Teresita; Karpova, Olga; Su, Xiujuan; Zeng, Peiyu; Zhang, Zhanyuan J.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Plant Transformat Core Facil, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bilyeu, Kristin] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zhang, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Plant Transformat Core Facil, 1-31 Agr Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM zhangzh@missouri.edu FU University of Missouri- Columbia Life Science Mission Enhancement program; Illinois-Missouri Biotechnology Alliance; Missouri Soybean Merchandizing Council FX We thank Christine Cole ( University of Missouri- Columbia) for FA analysis of soybean seeds; James Birchler and Seth D. Findley ( University of Missouri-Columbia) and Amitava Mitra ( University of Nebraska-Lincoln) for critical review of the manuscript; Richard Jorgensen and Vicki Chandler ( University of Arizona) for vector pMCG161; James Carrington ( Oregon State University) for vector pRTL2; Edgar Cahoon ( Donald Danforth Plant Science Center) for the soybean glycinin seed-specific promoter, and Amitava Mitra ( University of NebraskaLincoln) for helpful discussions. This work was supported by University of Missouri- Columbia Life Science Mission Enhancement program and, in part, by the Illinois-Missouri Biotechnology Alliance ( special USDA grant) and Missouri Soybean Merchandizing Council. NR 43 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 839 EP 850 DI 10.1007/s11248-008-9167-6 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 341MS UT WOS:000258719200008 PM 18256901 ER PT J AU Renaut, J Hausman, JF Bassett, C Artlip, T Cauchie, HM Witters, E Wisniewski, M AF Renaut, Jenny Hausman, Jean-Francois Bassett, Carole Artlip, Timothy Cauchie, Henry-Michel Witters, Erwin Wisniewski, Michael TI Quantitative proteomic analysis of short photoperiod and low-temperature responses in bark tissues of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE proteome; cold hardiness; cold acclimation ID UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; LENGTH CDNA MICROARRAY; BETULA-PUBESCENS EHRH.; HIGH-SALINITY STRESSES; 2 DEHYDRIN GENES; COLD-ACCLIMATION; WOODY-PLANTS; FREEZING-TOLERANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESSES; ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS AB In the temperate climate of the northern hemisphere, winter survival of woody plants is determined by the ability to acclimate to freezing temperatures and to undergo a period of dormancy. Cold acclimation in many woody plants is initially induced by short photoperiod and low, non-freezing temperatures. These two factors (5 degrees C and short photoperiod) were used to study changes in the proteome of bark tissues of 1-year-old peach trees. Difference in-gel electrophoresis technology, a gel-based approach involving the labeling of proteins with different fluorescent dyes, was used to conduct a quantitative assessment of changes in the peach bark proteome during cold acclimation. Using this approach, we were able to identify differentially expressed proteins and to assign them to a class of either 'temperature-responsive' or 'photoperiod-responsive' proteins. The most significant factor affecting the proteome appeared to be low temperature, while the combination of low temperature and short photoperiod was shown to act either synergistically or additively on the expression of some proteins. Fifty-seven protein spots on gels were identified by mass spectrometry. They included proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., enolase, malate dehydrogenase, etc), defense or protective mechanisms (e.g., dehydrin, HSPs, and PR-proteins), energy production and electron transport (e.g., adenosine triphosphate synthases and lyases), and cytoskeleton organization (e.g., tubulins and actins). The information derived from the analysis of the proteome is discussed as a function of the two treatment factors: low temperature and short photoperiod. C1 [Renaut, Jenny; Hausman, Jean-Francois; Cauchie, Henry-Michel] Ctr Rech Publ Gabriel Lippmann, Dept Environm & Agrobiotechnol, L-4422 Belvaux, GD, Luxembourg. [Bassett, Carole; Artlip, Timothy; Wisniewski, Michael] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Witters, Erwin] Univ Antwerp, Dept Proteome Anal & Mass Spectrometry, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Renaut, J (reprint author), Ctr Rech Publ Gabriel Lippmann, Dept Environm & Agrobiotechnol, 41 Rue Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, GD, Luxembourg. EM renaut@lippmann.lu RI renaut, jenny/K-3216-2012; HAUSMAN, Jean-Francois/D-1356-2009; Cauchie, Henry-Michel/K-8123-2014 OI renaut, jenny/0000-0002-0450-3866; HAUSMAN, Jean-Francois/0000-0001-6103-7817; Cauchie, Henry-Michel/0000-0003-4780-6100 NR 76 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 589 EP 600 DI 10.1007/s11295-008-0134-4 PG 12 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 338ZT UT WOS:000258548600001 ER PT J AU Efombagn, IBM Motamayor, JC Sounigo, O Eskes, AB Nyasse, S Cilas, C Schnell, R Manzanares-Dauleux, MJ Kolesnikova-Allen, M AF Efombagn, Ives Bruno M. Motamayor, Juan C. Sounigo, Olivier Eskes, Albertus B. Nyasse, Salomon Cilas, Christian Schnell, Ray Manzanares-Dauleux, Maria J. Kolesnikova-Allen, Maria TI Genetic diversity and structure of farm and GenBank accessions of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Cameroon revealed by microsatellite markers SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; tree improvement ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ALLELIC RICHNESS; RAPD; VARIABILITY; INFERENCE; SELECTION; RFLP AB The genetic diversity of 400 accessions collected in cacao farms, 95 GenBank, and 31 reference accessions was analyzed using the 12 microsatellite markers. The GenBank and reference accessions were subdivided into 12 accession groups (AG) that belong to the traditional cacao genetic groups (GG) Lower Amazon Forastero (LA), Upper Amazon Forastero (UA), Trinitario, and Criollo (Cr). The 12-microsatellite loci revealed a total of 125 alleles, 113 of which were present in the farm accession group (FA). The within and between group variation for all AGs accounted respectively for 81% and 19% of the total molecular variation. The average F (is) for the FA was 0.15 suggesting a moderate level of inbreeding. Significant differences for the level of gene diversity were found between the farm (0.50), GenBank (0.42 to 0.62), and reference (0.10 to 0.60) AGs. Genetic differentiation among AGs was variable with F (st) values varying between 0.14 and 0.57 for the different AGs. Analysis using a Bayesian model-based method showed the existence of a high level of admixture for the farm accessions group. The LA genes were most represented in the FA (54%), followed by UA (33%) and Cr (7%). The genes of LA were also the most represented in the GenBank (48%), followed by UA (24%) and Cr (14%). Only 14% and 6% of the genes of the GenBank and farm accessions, respectively, could not be attributed to any of the reference GGs. The results suggest the predominating presence of LA genes in the Cameroon farm accessions and a high level of admixture, with apparent presence of genes of more than three GGs in most accessions. The traditional Trinitario types appear to have almost disappeared from farmers fields. The admixture must be the result of hybridization and recombination of these genes from the different GGs in seed gardens and in farmers' fields. The use of selected farm accessions will depend on the GG that it belongs to and also on their level of heterozygosity. Further implications of the results for breeding and for introduction of new germplasm into the Cameroon GenBank are discussed. C1 [Efombagn, Ives Bruno M.; Nyasse, Salomon] IRAD, POB 2067 2123, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Motamayor, Juan C.; Schnell, Ray; Kolesnikova-Allen, Maria] ARS, MARS Inc, USDA, SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Sounigo, Olivier; Eskes, Albertus B.; Cilas, Christian] UPR31, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France. [Manzanares-Dauleux, Maria J.] INRA, UMR, Agrocampus Rennes APBV, F-35653 Le Rheu, France. [Kolesnikova-Allen, Maria] Int Inst Trop Agr, Cent Biotechnol Lab, Ibadan, Nigeria. RP Efombagn, IBM (reprint author), IRAD, POB 2067 2123, Yaounde, Cameroon. EM efombagn@yahoo.fr RI cilas, christian/C-3450-2008; martel, celine/M-9779-2014 OI martel, celine/0000-0002-1800-4558 FU West Africa Cacao Diversity Project (IITA/USAID); CFC/ICCO/Bioversity; MARS, Inc FX The authors thank the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Cameroon which authorized the publication of this paper. The study was partially financed by the West Africa Cacao Diversity Project (IITA/USAID), the CFC/ICCO/Bioversity project titled 'Cacao Productivity and Quality Improvement, a Participatory Approach' and MARS, Inc. We thank Nanette Langevin ( USDA-ARS-SHRS, Miami, FL, USA), Sunday Taiwo ( IITA-CBL, Ibadan, Nigeria), Francois Edoa, Innocent Badjeck, Essomo Ngomba, and K. Daniel Vefonge ( IRAD, Cameroon) for their technical support in the present work. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 EI 1614-2950 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 821 EP 831 DI 10.1007/s11295-008-0155-z PG 11 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 338ZT UT WOS:000258548600020 ER PT J AU Xu, SQ Tauer, CG Nelson, CD AF Xu, Shiqin Tauer, C. G. Nelson, C. Dana TI Natural hybridization within seed sources of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATIONS; INFERENCE; HYBRIDS AB Shortleaf and loblolly pine trees (n = 93 and 102, respectively) from 22 seed sources of the Southwide Southern Pine Seed Source Study plantings or equivalent origin were evaluated for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) variation. These sampled trees represent shortleaf pine and loblolly pine, as they existed across their native geographic ranges before intensive forest management. Using 17 primer pairs, a total of 96 AFLPs between shortleaf pine and loblolly pine were produced and scored on the sample trees and two control-pollinated F1 interspecies hybrids and their parents. In addition, the well known isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isozyme marker was scored for all trees. IDH detected two putative hybrids among the loblolly pine samples and two among the shortleaf pine samples, while either 13 or 12 putative hybrids were detected using all AFLP markers and IDH and either NewHybrids or Structure software, respectively. Results of this study show that later generation hybrids can be reliably identified using AFLP markers and confirmed that IDH is not a definitive marker for detecting hybrids; that is, at least in some seed sources, the alternative species' IDH allele resides in the source species. Based on all the markers, hybridization frequency varied geographically, ranging from 30% in an Arkansas seed source to 0% in several other seed sources. The hybridization level was higher in populations west of the Mississippi River than in populations east of the river; the shortleaf pine hybridization rates were 16.3% and 2.4% and the loblolly pine rates were 4.5% and 3.3%, west and east of the river, respectively. The results suggest that hybridization between these two species is significant but varies by seed source and species, and the potential for the unintended creation of hybrids should be considered in forest management decisions regarding both natural and artificial regeneration. C1 [Xu, Shiqin; Tauer, C. G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, USDA, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Tauer, CG (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM chuck.tauer@okstate.edu NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 849 EP 858 DI 10.1007/s11295-008-0157-x PG 10 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 338ZT UT WOS:000258548600022 ER PT J AU Xu, SQ Tauer, CG Nelson, CD AF Xu, Shiqin Tauer, C. G. Nelson, C. Dana TI Genetic diversity within and among populations of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; ISOZYME; RAPD; ACCESSIONS; DISTANCE; ALLOZYME AB Shortleaf pine (n = 93) and loblolly pine (n = 112) trees representing 22 seed sources or 16 physiographic populations were sampled from Southwide Southern Pine Seed Source Study plantings located in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Mississippi. The sampled trees were grown from shortleaf pine and loblolly pine seeds formed in 1951 and 1952, prior to the start of intensive forest management across their native ranges. Amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were developed and used to study genetic diversity and its structure in these pine species. After screening 48 primer pairs, 17 and 21 pairs were selected that produced 794 and 647 AFLPs in shortleaf pine and loblolly pine, respectively. High-AFLP-based genetic diversity exists within shortleaf pine and loblolly pine, and most (84.73% in shortleaf pine; 87.69% in loblolly pine) of this diversity is maintained within physiographic populations. The high value of unbiased measures of genetic identity and low value of genetic distance for all pairwise comparisons indicates that the populations have similar genetic structures. For shortleaf pine, there was no significant correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance (r = 0.28), while for loblolly pine there was a weak but significant correlation (r = 0.51). C1 [Xu, Shiqin; Tauer, C. G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Tauer, CG (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM chuck.tauer@okstate.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Cooperative Agreement [SRS 05-CA-11330126-168]; Oklahoma State University Agricultural Experiment Station FX This study is supported by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Cooperative Agreement SRS 05-CA-11330126-168 and by the Oklahoma State University Agricultural Experiment Station. We thank Larry Lott (Southern Institute of Forest Genetics) and personnel of the Oklahoma State University Kiamichi Forestry Research Station for assistance in locating and collecting needle samples. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 859 EP 868 DI 10.1007/s11295-008-0158-9 PG 10 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 338ZT UT WOS:000258548600023 ER PT J AU Samuelian, SK Baldo, AM Pattison, JA Weber, CA AF Samuelian, Suren K. Baldo, Angela M. Pattison, Jeremy A. Weber, Courtney A. TI Isolation and linkage mapping of NBS-LRR resistance gene analogs in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and classification among 270 Rosaceae NBS-LRR genes SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; resistance gene analog ID DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE; PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT-ROT; PCR-BASED MARKERS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; CEREAL GENOMES; LOCUS; IDENTIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES AB Plant R genes confer resistance to pathogens in a gene-for-gene mode. Seventy-five putative resistance gene analogs (RGAs) containing conserved domains were cloned from Rubus idaeus L. cv. 'Latham' using degenerate primers based on RGAs identified in Rosaceae species. The sequences were compared to 195 RGA sequences identified from five Rosaceae family genera. Multiple sequence alignments showed high similarity at multiple nucleotide-binding site (NBS) motifs with homology to Drosophila Toll and mammalian interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) and non-TIR RNBSA-A motifs. The TIR sequences clustered separately from the non-TIR sequences with a bootstrap value of 76%. There were 11 clusters each of TIR and non-TIR type sequences of multiple genera with bootstrap values of more than 50%, including nine with values of more than 75% and seven of more than 90%. Polymorphic sequence characterized amplified region and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers were developed for nine Rubus RGA sequences with eight placed on a red raspberry genetic linkage map. Phylogenetic analysis indicated four of the mapped sequences share sequence similarity to groupTIR I, while three others were spread in non-TIR groups. Of the 75 Rubus RGA sequences analyzed, members were placed in five TIR groups and six non-TIR groups. These group classifications closely matched those in 12 of 13 studies from which these sequences were derived. The analysis of related DNA sequences within plant families elucidates the evolutionary relationship and process involved in pest resistance development in plants. This information will aid in the understanding of R genes and their proliferation within plant genomes. C1 [Samuelian, Suren K.; Baldo, Angela M.; Pattison, Jeremy A.; Weber, Courtney A.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Samuelian, Suren K.] Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Viticulture & Small Fruit Res, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. [Baldo, Angela M.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Weber, CA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, 630 W N St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM caw34@nysaes.cornell.edu FU US Department of Agriculture-National Research Initiative (USDA-NRI) [NYG-632526] FX This research was supported by a grant from the US Department of Agriculture-National Research Initiative (USDA-NRI) NYG-632526. We are grateful to William Boone for skillful technical work. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 881 EP 896 DI 10.1007/s11295-008-0160-2 PG 16 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 338ZT UT WOS:000258548600025 ER PT J AU Murakami, PF Schaberg, PG Shane, JB AF Murakami, P. F. Schaberg, P. G. Shane, J. B. TI Stem girdling manipulates leaf sugar concentrations and anthocyanin expression in sugar maple trees during autumn SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acer saccharum; carbohydrates; phloem transport; pigments; senescence ID SUCROSE-SPECIFIC INDUCTION; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; GENE-EXPRESSION; GREEN LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION; SENESCENCE; RED; ARABIDOPSIS AB To better understand the effects of sugar accumulation on red color development of foliage during autumn, we compared carbohydrate concentration, anthocyanin expression and xylem pressure potential of foliage on girdled versus non-girled (control) branches of 12 mature, open-grown sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) trees. Half of the study trees were known to exhibit mostly yellow foliar coloration and half historically displayed red coloration. Leaves from both girdled and control branches were harvested at peak color expression (i.e., little or no chlorophyll present). Disruption of phloem export by girdling increased foliar sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations regardless of historical tree color patterns. Branch girdling also increased foliar anthocyanin expression from 50.4 to 66.7% in historically red trees and from 11.7 to 54.2% in historically yellow trees, the latter representing about a fivefold increase compared with control branches. Correlation analyses indicated a strong and consistent relationship between foliar red coloration and sugar concentrations, particularly glucose and fructose, in both girdled and control branches. Measures of xylem pressure potentials confirmed that girdling was a phloem-specific treatment and had no effect on water transport to distal leaves. Results indicate that stem girdling increased foliar sugar concentrations and enhanced anthocyanin expression during autumn in sugar maple foliage. Native environmental stresses (e.g., low autumn temperatures) that reduce phloem transport may promote similar physiological outcomes. C1 [Murakami, P. F.; Schaberg, P. G.] Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Shane, J. B.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Murakami, PF (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM pmurakami@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 11 U2 34 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1467 EP 1473 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 359ZQ UT WOS:000260027200004 PM 18708328 ER PT J AU Ares, A Harrington, CA Terry, TA Kraft, JM AF Ares, Adrian Harrington, Constance A. Terry, Thomas A. Kraft, Joseph M. TI Vegetation control effects on untreated wood, crude cellulose and holocellulose delta C-13 of early and latewood in 3- to 5-year-old rings of Douglas-fir SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Review DE carbon isotopes; plant competition; Pseudotsuga menziesii; tree rings ID CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; TREE-RINGS; SOIL COMPACTION; SEEDLING GROWTH; PINUS-RADIATA; C-13/C-12; DROUGHT; LEAF; FRACTIONATION AB The stable carbon (C) composition of tree rings expressed as delta C-13, is a measure of intrinsic water-use efficiency and can indicate the occurrence of past water shortages for tree growth. We examined delta C-13 in 3- to 5-year-old rings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco) trees to elucidate if decreased water supply or uptake was a critical factor in the observed growth reduction of trees competing with understory herb and shrub vegetation compared to those growing without competition. We hypothesized that there would be no differences in delta C-13 of earlywood in trees growing in plots with competing vegetation and those in plots receiving complete vegetation control during 5 years because earlywood formed early in the growing season when soil water was ample. We also hypothesized that delta C-13 in latewood which was formed during the later half of the growing season when precipitation was low, would be greater (less negative) in trees in plots without vegetation control. We then separated early and latewood from rings for three consecutive years and analyzed their delta C-13 composition. No significant differences in earlywood delta C-13 in years 3-5 were observed for trees in the two vegetation control treatments. delta C-13 of untreated latewood separated from wood cores was greater in 4- and 5-year-old rings of trees growing with competing vegetation compared to trees growing without vegetation competition (i.e., -25.5 vs. -26.3 parts per thousand for year 4, and -26.1 vs. -26.8 parts per thousand for year 5). Results suggest that water shortages occurred in Douglas-fir trees on this coastal Washington site in the latewood-forming portion of the growing season of years 4 and 5 in the no-vegetation control treatment. We also compared delta C-13 from untreated wood, crude cellulose extracted with the Diglyme-HCl method, and holocellulose extracted with toluene-ethanol to see if the extraction method would increase the sensitivity of the analysis. delta C-13 values from the two extraction methods were highly correlated with those from untreated samples (r(2) = 0.97, 0.98, respectively). Therefore, using untreated wood would be as effective as using crude cellulose or holocellulose to investigate delta C-13 patterns in young Douglas-fir. C1 [Ares, Adrian] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Harrington, Constance A.; Kraft, Joseph M.] Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Terry, Thomas A.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. RP Ares, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM adrian@hawaii.edu RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 FU USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Station; Weyerhaeuser Company FX We thank the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Station, and Weyerhaeuser Company for financial support. We are grateful to Renee Brooks and personnel of the US Environment Protection Agency in Corvallis, OR, USA; Dennis Catalano, Greg Leaf and personnel of Weyerhaeuser Company Analytical and Wood Laboratories in Federal Way, WA, USA for cellulose extraction and X-ray densitometry analyses; James Dollins for field assistance; Steve Duke for statistical advice, and Warren Devine, Edgar Fuchs, and Aaron Weiskittel for valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 603 EP 609 DI 10.1007/s00468-008-0227-6 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 349DL UT WOS:000259258900001 ER PT J AU Carpenter, LT Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD AF Carpenter, L. T. Pezeshki, S. R. Shields, F. D., Jr. TI Responses of nonstructural carbohydrates to shoot removal and soil moisture treatments in Salix nigra SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Salix nigra; nonstructural carbohydrates; flooding; drought; shoot removal ID HYBRID POPLAR; GROWTH; WILLOW; SURVIVAL; CUTTINGS; ROOT; RESERVES; RESTORATION; ALLOCATION; HERBIVORY AB Aboveground disturbances are common in dynamic riparian environments, and Salix nigra is well adapted with a vigorous resprouting response. Soil moisture stresses are also common, and S. nigra is flood tolerant and drought sensitive. The objective of this study was to quantify nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves in S. nigra following shoot removal and soil moisture treatments. NSC reserves provide energy for regeneration of shoot tissue until new functional leaves are developed. Three soil moisture treatments: well-watered (W), periodic flooding (F) and drought (D); and three shoot removal treatments: no shoots removed (R0), partial shoot removal (R1), and complete shoot removal (R2) were applied. Plants were harvested when new shoot development was observed (day 13). Statistical significance in the 3 x 3-factorial design was determined in two-factor ANOVA at P < 0.05. Both roots and cuttings were important reservoirs for NSC during resprouting response, with decreases in root (31%) and cutting (14%) biomass in R2 compared to R0. Rapid recovery of photosynthetic surface area (from 15 to 37% of R0) was found in R1. A clear pattern of starch mobilization was found in roots in R0, R1 and R2, with lowest root starch concentration in W, F higher than W, and D higher than F. Shoot starch concentration was lower in F and D compared to W in R0, however, in R1 shoot starch was reduced in W compared to F and D, possibly indicating reduced rates of translocation during soil moisture stress. Evidence of osmotic adjustment was found in roots and shoots with higher total ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (TESC) during soil moisture stress in F and D treatments. Total plant NSC pool was greater in F and D treatments compared to W, and progressively reduced from R0 to R1 to R2. Results indicated negative effects of drought, and to a lesser extent periodic flooding on resprouting response in S. nigra, with implications for reduced survival when exposed to combined stresses of aboveground disturbance and soil moisture. C1 [Carpenter, L. T.] USACE, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Carpenter, L. T.; Pezeshki, S. R.] Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Shields, F. D., Jr.] Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA ARS, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Carpenter, LT (reprint author), USACE, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Lili.Carpenter@usace.army.mil; pezeshki@memphis.edu; dshields@ars.usda.gov FU Tennessee Federation of Garden Clubs; U. S. Department of Agriculture, National Sedimentation Laboratory FX Partial funding for this project was provided by The Tennessee Federation of Garden Clubs and U. S. Department of Agriculture, National Sedimentation Laboratory. We thank: Heidi Bissell and the Memphis Zoo for training in carbohydrates analyses; Silpa Pallopathu, Brian Knight, Brandi Johnson and Lyndsay Saunders for contributing over 100 h each to data collection; Steve Kynerd for assistance with experimental set up; Dr. Corinna Ethington for statistical support; and Don Baud, Raquel Marion, Sam Pierce, Dr. Scott Franklin and Margaret Cirtain for their valuable help during the project. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 737 EP 748 DI 10.1007/s00468-008-0234-7 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 349DL UT WOS:000259258900014 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Trout, JM AF Fayer, Ronald Santin, Monica Trout, James M. TI Cryptosporidium ryanae n. sp (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in cattle (Bos taurus) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidiosis; New species; Cattle; Taxonomy; Molecular ID DEER-LIKE GENOTYPE; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; DAIRY-CATTLE; PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; 1ST REPORT; PREVALENCE; CALVES; BOVIS; PARASITES AB A new species, Cryptosporidium ryanae, is described from cattle. Oocysts of C. ryanae, previously identified as the Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype and recorded as such in GenBank (AY587166, EU203216, DQ182597, AY741309, and DQ871345), are similar to those of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium bovis but smaller. This genotype has been reported to be prevalent in cattle worldwide. Oocysts obtained from a calf for the present study are the smallest Cryptosporidium oocysts reported in mammals, measuring 2.94-4.41 mu m, x 2.94-3.68 mu m (mean = 3.16 mu m x 3.73 mu m) with a length/width shape index of 1.18 (n = 40). The pre-patent period for two Cryptosporidium-naive calves fed C ryanae oocysts was 11 days and the patent period was 15-17 days. Oocysts were not infectious for BALB/c mice or lambs. Fragments of the SSU-rDNA, HSP-70, and actin genes amplified by PCR were purified and PCR products were sequenced. Multi-locus analysis of the three unlinked loci demonstrated the new species to be distinct from all other species and also demonstrated a lack of recombination, providing further evidence of species status. Based on morphological, molecular and biological data, this geographically widespread parasite found only in Bos taurus calves is recognized as a new species and is named C. ryanae. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fayer, Ronald; Santin, Monica; Trout, James M.] ARS, USDA, Environm Micobial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Micobial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Blatimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 30 TC 79 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 156 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.05.024 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 358SR UT WOS:000259938300006 PM 18583057 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Mansfield, K Hall, B Kwok, OCH Thulliez, P AF Dubey, J. P. Mansfield, K. Hall, B. Kwok, O. C. H. Thulliez, P. TI Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; Toxoplasma gondii; Black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus); Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus); Seroprevalence; USA ID AGGLUTINATION-TEST; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; VIRGINIANUS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; SPECIFICITY; WILD AB Deer are considered important intermediate hosts for the coccidian parasites, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. Antibodies to N. caninum and T gondii were determined in sera of 42 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and 43 black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) from Washington state, USA, using direct agglutination test with specific antigens. A titer of 1:25 was considered diagnostic for both parasites. N. caninum antibodies were found in 7 of 42 mule deer and 8 of 43 black-tailed deer. T gondii antibodies were found in 14 black-tailed deer but not in any of the mule deer. This is probably the first report of seroprevalence of N. caninum in these hosts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Kwok, O. C. H.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mansfield, K.; Hall, B.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Spokane Valley, WA 99216 USA. [Thulliez, P.] Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 156 IS 3-4 BP 310 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.06.011 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 358SR UT WOS:000259938300021 PM 18650016 ER PT J AU Velayudhan, BT Yu, QZ Estevez, CN Nagaraja, KV Halvorson, DA AF Velayudhan, Binu T. Yu, Qingzhong Estevez, Carlos N. Nagaraja, Kakambi V. Halvorson, David A. TI Glycoprotein gene truncation in avian metapneumovirus subtype C isolates from the United States SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE avian metapneumovirus; Turkey; glycoprotein; gene variation; truncation ID TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; SWOLLEN-HEAD SYNDROME; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; SMALL HYDROPHOBIC SH; ATTACHMENT GLYCOPROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DOMESTIC TURKEYS; ORDER DIFFERENT; SUBGROUP-C; RT-PCR AB The length of the published glycoprotein (G) gene sequences of avian metapneumovirus subtype-C (aMPV-C) isolated from domestic turkeys and wild birds in the United States (1996-2003) remains controversial. To explore the G gene size variation in aMPV-C by the year of isolation and cell culture passage levels, we examined 21 turkey isolates of aMPV-C at different cell culture passages. The early domestic turkey isolates of aMPV-C (aMPV/CO/1996, aMPV/MN/1a-b, and 2a-b/97) had a G gene of 1,798 nucleotides (nt) that coded for a predicted protein of 585 amino acids (aa) and showed > 97% nt similarity with that of aMPV-C isolated from Canada geese. This large G gene got truncated upon serial passages in Vero cell cultures by deletion of 1,015 nt near the end of the open reading frame. The recent domestic turkey isolates of aMPV-C lacked the large G gene but instead had a small G gene of 783 nt, irrespective of cell culture passage levels. In some cultures, both large and small genes were detected, indicating the existence of a mixed population of the virus. Apparently, serial passage of aMPV-C in cell cultures and natural passage in turkeys in the field led to truncation of the G gene, which may be a mechanism of virus evolution for survival in a new host or environment. C1 [Velayudhan, Binu T.; Nagaraja, Kakambi V.; Halvorson, David A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Yu, Qingzhong; Estevez, Carlos N.] Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Halvorson, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, 301C Vet Sci Bldg,1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM halvo002@umn.edu FU Minnesota Agriculture Experiment Station; Minnesota Turkey Research and Promotion Council; USDA; ARS; CRIS [6612-32000-044] FX This project was funded by Minnesota Agriculture Experiment Station, Minnesota Turkey Research and Promotion Council, and USDA, ARS CRIS project 6612-32000-044. The authors thankfully acknowledge the technical support of Xiuqin Xia. The help and suggestions of Drs. Richard Bennett, Anil Thachil, Devi Patnayak, Sagar Goyal, and Anmei Cai are also thankfully acknowledged. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s11262-008-0220-6 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 338ZU UT WOS:000258548700017 PM 18663568 ER PT J AU Faircloth, WH Ferrell, JA Main, CL AF Faircloth, Wilson H. Ferrell, Jason A. Main, Christopher L. TI Weed-Control Systems for Peanut Grown as a Biofuel Feedstock SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; conservation tillage; herbicide; low-cost; low-input; reduced rates; sustainable agriculture; alternative fuels ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; SPOTTED WILT; OIL; MANAGEMENT; HERBICIDES; OILSEEDS; TILLAGE; YIELD AB Peanuts are not often used as a true oilseed crop, especially for the production of fuel. However, peanut could be a feedstock for biodiesel, especially in on-farm or small cooperative businesses, where producers can dictate the cost of making their own fuel. Field Studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to assess low-cost weed-control systems for peanuts that would facilitate the economic viability of peanut biodiesel. Four preselected herbicide costs ranging from $25 to $62/ha and two application timings were compared with nontreated ($0/ha) and typical ($115/ha) herbicide programs for weed control and peanut Oil yield. A peanut oil yield goal of 930 L/ha was exceeded with multiple low-cost herbicide systems in 3 of 4 site-yr. The main effect of application timing was only significant for a single site-year in which oil yield increased linearly with cost of the PRE and POST weed-control system. An herbicide cost of $50/ha, using PRE and POST applications, was consistently among the highest in oil yield, regardless of site-year, exceeding the typical (high value) programs in 3 of 4 site-yr. Use of reduced rates of imazapic (0.5 X or 0.035 kg ai/ha) was detrimental in 2 of 4 site-yr. Weed control, and thus oil yields, were most dependent on species present at each location and not on input price. Data from this series Of Studies will allow researchers and entrepreneurs to more accurately assess the viability and sustainability of peanut biodiesel. C1 [Faircloth, Wilson H.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Main, Christopher L.] Clemson Univ, Florence, SC 29506 USA. RP Faircloth, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM wilson.faircloth@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS Market Quality and Handling Unit, Raleigh, NC; University of Florida, Marianna, FL FX The authors express appreciation to Dr. Jack Davis, USDA/ARS Market Quality and Handling Unit, Raleigh, NC, for analyzing kernel oil content used in calculations. We also thank Drs. Barry Tillman and Dan Gorbet, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, for providing DP-1 peanut seed. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 584 EP 590 DI 10.1614/WT-07-179.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 391NI UT WOS:000262239600004 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Rabaey, TL Boerboom, CM AF Williams, Martin M., II Rabaey, Tom L. Boerboom, Chris M. TI Residual Weeds of Processing Sweet Corn in the North Central Region SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Density; frequency; interference; occurrence; relative abundance; vegetable; weed communities; uniformity; weed survey ID MILLET PANICUM-MILIACEUM; ZEA-MAYS; PLANTING DATE; FARMER PERCEPTIONS; CROPS; POSTEMERGENCE; TILLAGE; INTERFERENCE; HERBICIDES; MANITOBA AB Knowledge of weed community Structure in vegetable crops of the north central region (NCR) is poor. To characterize weed species composition present at harvest (hereafter called residual weeds) in processing sweet corn, 175 Fields were Surveyed in Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin from 2005 to 2007. Weed density was enumerated by species in thirty 1-m(2) quadrats placed randomly along a 300- to 500-m loop through the field, and additional species observed outside quadrats were also recorded. Based on weed community composition, population density, and mean plant size, overall weed interference level was rated. A total of 56 residual weed species were observed and no single species dominated the community of NCR processing sweet corn. Several of the most abundant species, such as common lambsquarters and velverleaf, have been problems for many years, while other species, like wild-proso millet, have become problematic in only the last 20 yr. Compared to a Survey of weeds in sweet corn more than 40 yr ago, greater use of herbicides is associated with reductions in weed density by approximately an order of magnitude; however, 57% of fields appeared to suffer yield loss due to weeds. Sweet corn harvest in the NCR ranges from July into early October. Earlier harvests were characterized by some of the highest weed densities, while late-emerging weeds such as eastern black nightshade occurred in fields harvested after August. Fall panicum, giant foxtail, wild-proso millet, common lambsquarters, and velvetleaf were the most abundant species across the NCR, yet each state had some unique dominant weeds. C1 [Williams, Martin M., II] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rabaey, Tom L.] Green Giant Agr Res, Le Sueur, MN 56058 USA. [Boerboom, Chris M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM Martin.Williams@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 646 EP 653 DI 10.1614/WT-08-012.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 391NI UT WOS:000262239600014 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA Collins, HP Alva, AK AF Boydston, Rick A. Collins, Harold P. Alva, Ashok K. TI Control of Volunteer Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Sweet Corn with Mesotrione Is Unaffected by Atrazine and Tillage SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cultivation; groundkeepers; herbicides; tillage level; weed management ID IN-FIELD CORN; ZEA-MAYS; POSTEMERGENCE; SENSITIVITY AB Volunteer potato is a major weed pest of sweet corn in regions where winter soil temperatures fail to kill tubers left in the ground after harvest. Studies were conducted in 2004 to 2005 to determine the effect of combining atrazine with mesotrione applied POST on volunteer potato control and new tuber production in sweet corn. Mesotrione at 0.035, 0.07, and 0.1 kg/ha and atrazine at 0.3, 0.6, and 1.1 kg/ha were applied alone and in all possible combinations when Volunteer potato ranged from 5 to 12 cm tall. Mesotrione applied alone at all rates, atrazine at L I kg/ha, or mesotrione plus atrazine combinations reduced the number of new tubers produced to <= 1.1 per plant compared with 11 tubers per plant in nontreated checks. Potatoes created with atrazine alone at 0.3 or 0.6 kg/ha produced 3.3 or 1.9 tubers per plant, respectively, which Could lead to Volunteer potato problems in the Succeeding crop. Sweet corn yield was not affected by herbicide treatment in 2004 but was reduced in 2005 when atrazine was used alone at 0.3 or 0.6 kg/ha because of poor control Of Volunteer potato. Additional studies were conducted from 2004 to 2006 to determine Volunteer potato control in sweet corn in reduced and conventional tillage and treated with fluroxypyr, mesotrione, or no herbicide. Volunteer potato control was improved and the number and weight Of tubers was reduced 79 and 91%, respectively, in conventionally tilled plots treated with fluroxypyr compared with reduced-tillage plots. Control Of Volunteer potato with mesotrione was greater than 98% and reduced tuber number and weight greater than or equal to all other treatments regardless of tillage level. C1 [Boydston, Rick A.; Collins, Harold P.; Alva, Ashok K.] ARS, USDA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM rick.boydston@ars.usda.gov FU Syngenta Crop Protection Inc. FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Dallas Spellman, Marcus Seymour, and Treva Anderson. We also thank AgriNorthwest for providing land and irrigation water for these Studies, and Syngenta Crop Protection Inc., for partial funding of this research. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 654 EP 659 DI 10.1614/WT-08-025.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 391NI UT WOS:000262239600015 ER PT J AU Sakaliene, O Clay, SA Koskinen, WC Almantas, G AF Sakaliene, Ona Clay, Sharon A. Koskinen, William C. Almantas, Gediminas TI Early Season Weed Suppression in Buckwheat Using Clopyralid SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Weed management ID FAGOPYRUM-ESCULENTUM; CROP AB Currently there are no herbicides registered for direct application to buckwheat for broadleaf weed control. This 4-yr Lithuanian Study examined weed control using several rates of clopyralid alone or combined with a single rate of desmedipham. Most applications were applied at the 1-leaf stage of crop growth, however, one rate of clopyralid was applied pre-emergence (PRE) in 2 of the 4 yr. Buckwheat injury was evident within a few days after application (or emergence) with all treatments, but by harvest, no symptoms were evident. In the 2 yr with greatest weed densities, densities were reduced with increasing clopyralid rates alone or with desmediphan. However, weed biomass and density were similar to the nontreated control at harvest. Common lambsquarters, scentless mayweed, wild buckwheat, and narrowleaf hawksbeard were species that were best (> 40% density reduction) controlled with clopyralid. With few exceptions, buckwheat yield in all herbicide-treated plots was similar to the nontreated control. Because yield was not increased with these herbicides, other weed control benefits, Such as reduced interference with harvesting equipment or less dockage due to weed seed contamination, must be carefully weighed against the costs of herbicide and application and crop injury that reduced early-season vigor. C1 [Clay, Sharon A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Sakaliene, Ona; Almantas, Gediminas] Lithuanian Inst Agr, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Koskinen, William C.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Clay, SA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Sharon.clay@sdstate.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 707 EP 712 DI 10.1614/WT-08-049.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 391NI UT WOS:000262239600023 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, Randy L. TI Weed Seedling Emergence and Survival as Affected by Crop Canopy SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Population dynamics; seed-bearing plants; weed seed production ID GREAT-PLAINS; MANAGEMENT; CORN; WHEAT; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; YIELD AB This study measured impact of cool-season crops on seedling emergence, survival, and seed production of weeds common in corn and soybean. Weed dynamics were monitored in permanently marked quadrats in winter wheat, spring wheat, and canola. Three species, green foxtail, yellow foxtail, and common lambsquarters, comprised more than 80% of the weeds observed in the study. Seedling emergence was reduced by winter wheat, but not by spring wheat or canola, when compared with adjacent quadrats without a crop canopy. Approximately 10% of seedlings in spring wheat and canola developed into seed-bearing plants, but no seed-bearing plants were present in winter wheat at harvest. Common lambsquarters produced more than 1,100 seeds/plant, whereas a foxtail plant produced 85 seeds, averaged across spring wheat and canola. At harvest, new seedlings were present in all crops; thus, control after harvest will be required to prevent seed production in the fall. Winter wheat may provide an opportunity to disrupt Population dynamics of weeds common in corn and soybean without requiring herbicides. C1 ARS, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM randy.anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 736 EP 740 DI 10.1614/WT-08-073.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 391NI UT WOS:000262239600028 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Brown, TC AF Donovan, Geoffrey H. Brown, Thomas C. TI Estimating the Avoided Fuel-Treatment Costs of Wildfire SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE avoided costs; wildfire benefits; Umatilla National Forest; ponderosa pine; fuel management ID FIRES AB Although the importance of wildfire to fire-adapted ecosystems is widely recognized, wildfire management has historically placed less emphasis on the beneficial effects of wildfire. We estimate the avoided fuel treatment cost for 10 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands on the Umatilla National Forest in the Pacific Northwest. Results show that fires in stands that show the greatest divergence from the archetypical ponderosa pine stand structure (large frees in an open, parklike stand) tend to have higher avoided costs. This is a reflection of the higher cost of fuel treatments in these stands: treatments designed to restore a stand to a desired condition are normally more expensive than treatments to maintain a stand in a desired condition. C1 [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Brown, Thomas C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80527 USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM gdonovan@fi.fed.us NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 197 EP 201 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 361OF UT WOS:000260136300002 ER PT J AU Dumm, G Fins, L Graham, RT Jain, TB AF Dumm, Gabriel Fins, Lauren Graham, Russell T. Jain, Theresa B. TI Distribution of Fine Roots of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-Fir in a Central Idaho Forest SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fine root content; fine root concentration; conifer roots; soil profile; fine root distribution ID MANAGEMENT AB This study describes soil horizon depth and fine root distribution in cores collected of two distances from the holes of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine trees at a study site in a central Idaho forest. Concentration and content of fine roots extracted from soil cores were compared among species, soil horizons, tree size, and distance from bole. Approximately 80% of litter and humus samples contained no fine roots. The highest fine root content and concentrations of fine roots occurred in deep mineral soil for both species (1.24 g and 2.82 g/l for Douglas-fir and 0.98 g and 2.24 g/l for ponderosa pine, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found in fine root content or concentration between species in any of the four soil horizons. Tree size was not a significant factor in fine root distribution in this study. Significant variables were horizon, distance from bole, and interactions among tree size, location of sample, and soil horizon. This study, which was part of a larger US Forest Service study to develop a predictive model of postfire tree mortality, provides baseline information that may be useful in predicting postfire damage to fine roots. C1 [Fins, Lauren] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Dumm, Gabriel] Umpqua Natl Forest, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. [Graham, Russell T.; Jain, Theresa B.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Dumm, G (reprint author), Umpqua Natl Forest, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. EM lfins@uidaho.edu FU Joint Fire Sciences Program; University of Idaho; Boise National Forest; Rocky Mountain Research Station in Moscow; Idaho. Rob Progaram FX This research was part of a larger project principally funded through a grant from the Joint Fire Sciences Program. Additional funding, labor, and equipment were provided by the University of Idaho, the Boise National Forest, and the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Moscow, Idaho. Rob Progarm, formerly of the Boise National Forest and currently with the Pacific Northwest Research Station in Corvallis, Oregon, is the principal investigator for the larger project and was responsible for securing the grant. At the University of Idaho, we thank Steve Bunting of the College of Natural Resources and Dale Everson in the Statistics Department. On the Boise National Forest, we thank Tammy Cook, Max Muffley (retired), Kathy Geier-Hayes, Tom Jackson, and Myron Hotinger for their expertise, logistical support, and unrelenting enthusiasm for this project. We extend our sincere thanks to numerous wildland firefighters at the Lowman Ranger Station and Garden Valley Work Station for assistance with field work, especially backpacking the soil cores out of the study area. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 202 EP 205 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 361OF UT WOS:000260136300003 ER PT J AU Conklin, DA Geils, BW AF Conklin, David A. Geils, Brian W. TI Survival and Sanitation of Dwarf Mistletoe-Infected Ponderosa Pine following Prescribed Underburning SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE dwarf mistletoe; prescribed fire; fire effects; Arceuthobium; Pinus ponderosa ID LODGEPOLE PINE; MORTALITY; ECOSYSTEM; FIRE AB We present results on survival of ponderosa pine and reduction in dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium) infection after six operational prescribed underburns in New Mexico. Survival 3 years postburn for 1,585 trees fit a logistic relationship with crown scorch, bole char, and mistletoe. The scorch effect was best represented by classes as <90, 90, and 100%; char as char-squared; and mistletoe as DMR < 5, 5, and 6. Survival ranged from over 90% for trees with DMR < 5 and scorch < 90% to almost 0% for trees with DMR 6 and scorch 100%. The proportion of surviving infected trees with reduction in DMR (scorch pruning) increased linearly with scorch. Reductions in average DMR (sanitation) from mortality and scorch pruning were observed on 12 of 14 plots and were associated with average scorch above 25%. A sanitation model estimated DMR reduction of 0.7 with 50% average scorch and initial average DMR of 3.0. Relative risk from scorch, char, mistletoe, and drought for up to 10 years postburn was assessed with proportional hazard models. Results indicate that underburning can be a viable tool to manage dwarf mistletoe, given sufficient fire intensity. C1 [Conklin, David A.; Geils, Brian W.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Conklin, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM daconklin@fs.fed.us; bgeils@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 216 EP 222 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 361OF UT WOS:000260136300005 ER PT J AU Li, YZ Andersen, HE McGaughey, R AF Li, Yuzhen Andersen, Hans-Erik McGaughey, Robert TI A Comparison of Statistical Methods for Estimating Forest Biomass from Light Detection and Ranging Data SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest biomass; LIDAR; variable selection; principle component analysis; Bayesian modeling averaging ID AIRBORNE SCANNING LASER; BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CANOPY STRUCTURE; STAND STRUCTURE; LIDAR; TREES AB Strong regression relationships between light detection and ranging (LIDAR) metrics and indices of forest structure have been reported in the literature. However, most papers focus on empirical results and do not consider LIDAR metric selection and biological interpretation explicitly. In this study, three different variable selection methods (stepwise regression, principle component analysis [PCA], and Boyesion modeling averaging [BMA] were compared using LIDAR data from three study sites: Capitol Forest in western Washington State, Mission (reek in central Washington State, and Kenai Peninsula in south central Alaska. Separate aboveground biomass regression models were developed for each site as well as common models using three study sites simultaneously. Final biomass models have R-2 values ranging from 0.67 to 0.88 for three study sites. PCA indicates that three LIDAR metrics (mean height, coefficient variation of height, and canopy LIDAR point density) explain the majority of variation contained within a larger set of metrics. Within each study area, forest biomass models using these three predictor variables had similar R-2 values as the stepwise and BMA regression models. Individual site models using these three variables are recommended because these models are straightforward in terms of model form and biological interpretation and are easily adopted for application. C1 [Li, Yuzhen] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Andersen, Hans-Erik] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK USA. [McGaughey, Robert] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Li, YZ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM yzhli@u.washington.edu; handersen@fs.fed.us; bmcgaughey@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 223 EP 231 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 361OF UT WOS:000260136300006 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Glass, SV Stone, DS AF Zelinka, Samuel L. Glass, Samuel V. Stone, Donald S. TI A PERCOLATION MODEL FOR ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN WOOD WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR WOOD-WATER RELATIONS SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ionic conduction; conductivity; percolation theory; wood-water relations ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; MOISTURE-CONTENT; AC; CELLULOSE; COMPOSITE AB The first models used to describe electrical conduction in cellulosic materials involved conduction pathways through free water. These models were abandoned in the middle of the 20th century. This article re-evaluates the theory of conduction in wood by using a percolation model that describes electrical conduction in terms of overlapping paths of loosely bound or capillary water (Type II water). The model contains two physical parameters: w the critical moisture fraction, which is the amount of water required to form a continuous path of Type II water in wood; and sigma the conductivity of the aqueous pathways. The model gives a good fit to previously published data of the DC conductivity of wood when w is equal to 16% moisture content and sigma is equal to 0.88 Sm-1. This analysis indicates that electrical conduction in wood can be explained by percolation theory and that there exists a continuous path of Type II water at w which is below the traditional fiber saturation point. C1 [Zelinka, Samuel L.; Glass, Samuel V.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Stone, Donald S.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM szelinka@fs.fed.us RI Zelinka, Samuel/A-9198-2009; Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016 FU USDA Forest Service; Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) FX This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service. Forest Products Laboratory (FPL). We are grateful for critical reviews of this manuscript by current FPL employee, Alex Wiedenhoeft, as well as former FPL employees, Anton TenWolde and William Simpson. We also appreciate discussions with the following FPL employees: David Kretschmann (on longitudinal shrinkage). Chris Hunt (on wood-water relations), and Patricia Lebow (on the best way to compare R2 statistics between a power law model and en exponential model). NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 544 EP 552 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 369PI UT WOS:000260706000007 ER PT J AU Lebow, S Lebow, P Foster, D AF Lebow, Stan Lebow, Patricia Foster, Daniel TI ESTIMATING PRESERVATIVE RELEASE FROM TREATED WOOD EXPOSED TO PRECIPITATION SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Leaching; methods; moisture content; precipitation; treated wood ID ABOVEGROUND EXPOSURE; SIMULATED RAINFALL; COPPER; CHROMIUM; ENVIRONMENT; DECKING; BORON; PINE AB Accelerated leaching methods are needed to better estimate emissions from treated wood used above ground or above water. In this study, we evaluated leaching methods using continuous immersion. dip immersion, and simulated rainfall approaches. Copper and/or boron emissions were measured for specimens treated with either chromated copper arsenate Type C (CCA-C) or a borax-copper (BC) perspective. The results of these leaching tests were compared with the extent of wetting and drying within the specimens and with the published reports of leaching and MC under natural exposures. Release per unit surface area was generally greatest with the simulated rainfall or constant immersion methods, but the relationship between the methods was dependent on the leaching characteristics of the specific preservative formulation. The lowest emissions were found for small specimens exposed to dip immersions. Comparison of the simulated rainfall results to published values indicates that the rainfall method and dip immersion scenarios underestimate copper release from wood exposed outdoors, and that the methods evaluated do not adequately simulate the wetting and drying conditions encountered in natural exposures. Further research is needed to better characterize the wetting and drying of in-service treated wood and to adapt test methods to more closely simulate these conditions. C1 [Lebow, Stan; Lebow, Patricia; Foster, Daniel] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lebow, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM slebow@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 562 EP 571 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 369PI UT WOS:000260706000009 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Kline, DE Wiedenbeck, JK Noble, R AF Buehlmann, Urs Kline, D. Earl Wiedenbeck, Janice K. Noble, R., Jr. TI THE INFLUENCE OF CUTTING-BILL REQUIREMENTS ON LUMBER YIELD USING A FRACTIONAL-FACTORIAL DESIGN PART I. LINEARITY AND LEAST SQUARES SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cutting-bill requirements; lumber yield; rip-first rough mill; fractional-factorial design; interaction between cutting-bill requirements and yield; influence of part size and quantity on yield ID ROUGH MILL; FURNITURE AB The importance of lumber yield on the financial success of secondary solid wood products manufacturers has been known for quite some time. Various efforts have been undertaken to improve yield, such as inclusion of character marks (defects) in parts, "cookie-cutting" of boards, improved optimization algorithms, or improved cut-up technologies. For a variety of reasons, the relationship between cutting-bill requirements and lumber yield has attracted limited attention. This is Part 1 of a 2-part examination of this relationship. The standardized and simplified Buehlmann cutting bill and the Forest Service's Romi-Rip lumber cut-up simulator were used in this study. An orthogonal, 2(20-11) fractional-factorial desing of resolution V was used to determine the influence of different part sizes on lumber yield. All 20 part sizes contained in the cutting bill and 113 of a total of 190 unique secondary interactions were found to be significant variables in explaining the variability in observed yield. Parameter estimates for the part sizes and the secondary interactions were used to specify the average yield contribution of each variable. Parts 445 mm long and 64 mm wide were found to have the most positive influence on yield. Parts smaller than 445 by 64 mm (such as, for example 254 by 64 mm) had a less pronounced positive yield effect because their quantity requirement is relatively small in an average cutting bill. Thus, the quantity required is obtained quickly during the cut-up process. Parts with size 1842 by 108 mm, on the other hand, had the most negative influence on high yield. However, as further analysis showed, not only the individual parts required by a cutting bill, but also their interaction determines yield. In general, it was found that by adding a sufficiently large number of smaller parts to a cutting bill that required large parts, high levels of yield can be achieved. C1 [Buehlmann, Urs; Kline, D. Earl] Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wiedenbeck, Janice K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Noble, R., Jr.] Miami Univ, Dept Math Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM buehlmann@gmail.com FU National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program; USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station FX The authors thank Ed Thomas, USDA Forest Service, for his assisance. Also, the authors appreciate the helpful suggestions of tow anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program and the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 599 EP 609 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 369PI UT WOS:000260706000013 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Kline, DE Wiedenbeck, JK Noble, R AF Buehlmann, Urs Kline, D. Earl Wiedenbeck, Janice K. Noble, R., Jr. TI THE INFLUENCE OF CUTTING-BILL REQUIREMENTS ON LUMBER YIELD USING A FRACTIONAL-FACTORIAL DESIGN PART II. CORRELATION AND NUMBER OF PART SIZES SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cutting-bill requirements; lumber yield; rip-first rough mill; fractional-factorial design; interaction between cutting-bill requirements and yield; influence of part size and quantity of yield AB Cutting-bill requirements, among other factors, influence the yield obtained when cutting lumber into parts. The first part of this 2-part series described how different cutting-bill part sizes, when added to an existing cutting-bill, affect lumber yield, and quantified these observations. To accomplish this, the study employed linear least squares estimation techique. This second paper again looks at the influence of cutting-bill requirements but establishes a measure of how preferable it is to have a given part size required by the cutting-bill. The influence of the number of different part sizes to be cut simultaneously on lumber yield is also investigated. Using rip-first rough mill simulation software and an orthogonal, 20(20) (11) fractional-factorial design of resolution V, the correlation between lengths, widths, and 20 part sizes as defined by the Buchlmann cutting-bill with high yield was established. It was found that, as long as the quantity of smaller parts is limited, part sizes larger than the smallest size are more positively correlated with high yield. Furthermore, only 4 out of the 20 part sizes tested were identified with having a significant positive correlation and above average yield. With respect to the benefit of cutting varying numbers of part sizes simultaneously, this study showed that there is a positive correlation between yield and the number of different part sizes being cut. However, Duncan's test did not detect significant yield gains for instances when more than 11 part sizes are contained in the cutting-bill. C1 [Buehlmann, Urs; Kline, D. Earl] Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wiedenbeck, Janice K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Noble, R., Jr.] Miami Univ, Dept Math Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM buehlmann@gmail.com FU National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program; USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station FX The authors thank Ed Thomas, USDA Forest Service, for his assistance. Also, the authors appreciate the helpful suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program and the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 610 EP 619 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 369PI UT WOS:000260706000014 ER PT J AU Lee, KM McReynolds, JL Fuller, CC Jones, B Herrman, TJ Byrd, JA Runyon, M AF Lee, K. M. McReynolds, J. L. Fuller, C. C. Jones, B. Herrman, T. J. Byrd, J. A. Runyon, M. TI Investigation and characterization of the frozen feeder rodent industry in texas following a multi-state Salmonella typhimurium outbreak associated with frozen vacuum-packed rodents SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Salmonella Typhimurium; frozen feeder rodent; pet snake; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); surveillance; regulatory enforcement strategy ID UNITED-STATES; ENTERITIDIS; ENTERICA; INFECTIONS; EMERGENCE; ILLNESS; MICE AB A multi-state outbreak investigation of Salmonella Typhimurim cases associated with pet snakes and the frozen vacuum-packed rodents used to feed them identified a Texas frozen feeder rodent facility (Supplier A) as the source of the Salmonella-infected frozen rodents. Texas authorities collected samples directly from Supplier A. Seven Salmonella-positive samples out of 49 environmental swabs were found and one adult mouse out of 88 frozen feeder rodents was Salmonella-positive by culture. No Salmonella strains were isolated from rodent feeds. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtype patterns of S. Typhimurium isolates from feeder rodent and environment samples were indistinguishable from the outbreak strain isolated from humans. A follow-up investigation was performed on all additional feeder rodent facilities identified in Texas. Salmonella was isolated at one of four facilities; seven of 100 rodent samples were positive for Salmonella at this facility. The serotype S. I 4,[5],12:i:- was isolated from seven feeder rodent samples, and PFGE patterns of the seven isolates were indistinguishable. As observed in the initial outbreak investigation, no Salmonella were cultured from rodent feeds at any of the facilities. The feeder rodent industry is an insufficiently recognized industry in the United States. Outbreak investigation and testing of additional feeder rodent facilities in Texas indicate that further evaluation of feeder rodent facilities as a source of Salmonella for pet snakes and humans is warranted. C1 [Lee, K. M.; Jones, B.; Herrman, T. J.; Runyon, M.] Texas Agr Expt Stn, Off Texas State Chem, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. [McReynolds, J. L.; Byrd, J. A.] USDA ARS SPARC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Fuller, C. C.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, St Paul, MN USA. RP Herrman, TJ (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, Off Texas State Chem, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. EM tjh@otsc.tamu.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD OCT PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8-10 BP 488 EP 496 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01165.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 347OA UT WOS:000259149700017 PM 18811909 ER PT J AU Wang, SL Sha, ZX Sonstegard, TS Liu, H Xu, P Somridhivej, B Peatman, E Kucuktas, H Liu, ZJ AF Wang, Shaolin Sha, Zhenxia Sonstegard, Tad S. Liu, Hong Xu, Peng Somridhivej, Benjaporn Peatman, Eric Kucuktas, Huseyin Liu, Zhanjiang TI Quality assessment parameters for EST-derived SNPs from catfish SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; BAC-END SEQUENCES; CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; PHYSICAL MAP; HUMAN GENOME; DISCOVERY; RESOURCE; MARKERS AB Background: SNPs are abundant, codominantly inherited, and sequence-tagged markers. They are highly adaptable to large-scale automated genotyping, and therefore, are most suitable for association studies and applicable to comparative genome analysis. However, discovery of SNPs requires genome sequencing efforts through whole genome sequencing or deep sequencing of reduced representation libraries. Such genome resources are not yet available for many species including catfish. A large resource of ESTs is to become available in catfish allowing identification of large number of SNPs, but reliability of EST-derived SNPs are relatively low because of sequencing errors. This project was designed to answer some of the questions relevant to quality assessment of EST-derived SNPs. Results: wo factors were found to be most significant for validation of EST-derived SNPs: the contig size (number of sequences in the contig) and the minor allele sequence frequency. The larger the contigs were, the greater the validation rate although the validation rate was reasonably high when the contigs contain four or more EST sequences with the minor allele sequence being represented at least twice in the contigs. Sequence quality surrounding the SNP under test is also crucially important. PCR extension appeared to be limited to a very short distance, prohibiting successful genotyping when an intron was present, a surprising finding. Conclusion: Stringent quality assessment measures should be used when working with EST-derived SNPs. In particular, contigs containing four or more ESTs should be used and the minor allele sequence should be represented at least twice. Genotyping primers should be designed from a single exon, completely avoiding introns. Application of such quality assessment measures, along with large resources of ESTs, should provide effective means for SNP identification in species where genome sequence resources are lacking. C1 [Wang, Shaolin; Sha, Zhenxia; Liu, Hong; Xu, Peng; Somridhivej, Benjaporn; Peatman, Eric; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Wang, Shaolin; Sha, Zhenxia; Liu, Hong; Xu, Peng; Somridhivej, Benjaporn; Peatman, Eric; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Aquat Genom Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sha, Zhenxia] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Key Lab Sustainable Utilizat Marine Fisheries Res, Minist Agr, Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Sonstegard, Tad S.] Agr Res Serv, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM wangsha@auburn.edu; shazhenxia@gmail.com; Tad.Sonstegard@ars.usda.gov; lzh0003@auburn.edu; xupeng77@gmail.com; somribe@auburn.edu; epeatman@gmail.com; kucukhu@auburn.edu; zliu@acesag.auburn.edu RI Xu, Peng/J-4018-2012; Wang, Shaolin/M-2282-2013 OI Wang, Shaolin/0000-0003-0866-4584 FU USDA NRI Animal Genome Basic Genome Reagents and Tools Program [2006-35616-16685]; AAES Ag Initiatives FX This project was supported by a grant from USDA NRI Animal Genome Basic Genome Reagents and Tools Program ( USDA/NRICGP award # 2006-35616-16685), and partially by an AAES Ag Initiatives grant. NR 44 TC 62 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 30 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 450 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-450 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 369EV UT WOS:000260678000002 PM 18826589 ER PT J AU Lodge, DJ Ovrebo, CL AF Lodge, D. J. Ovrebo, C. L. TI First records of Hygrophoraceae from Panama including a new species of Camarophyllus and a new veiled species in Hygrocybe section Firmae SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Agaricales; Basidiomycota; Central America; fungal taxonomy; neotropical fungi ID GREATER ANTILLES AB Six species of Hygrophoraceae were collected on Barro Colorado Island, representing the first fully documented records for the family from Panama. A species with a pink pileus and stipe, a glutinous partial veil, and dimorphic spores and basidia, Hygrocybe roseopallida Lodge & Ovrebo sp. nov. is described in H. section Firmae from Panama, and a more strongly pigmented form is also reported from Costa Rica. Hyphae of the outer veil are connected to the appendiculate pileipellis margin while those of the inner veil emanate from the lamellar edge. Partial veils have not been previously reported in Hygrocybe s.s. (i.e., excluding Camarophyllus). Additionally, four other species of H. section Firmae are newly reported here from Panama: Hygrocybe batistae, H. hypohaemacta, H. chloochlora and H. cf. earlei. The latter species differs from the type of H. earlei by having a white stipe and larger spore Q. Finally, we describe a second new species, Camarophyllus panamensis Lodge & Ovrebo sp. nov., which resembles C. ferrugineoalbus (Singer.) Singer, but differs in having an orange stipe and much larger spores. C1 [Ovrebo, C. L.] Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. [Lodge, D. J.] Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, USDA, No Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Ovrebo, CL (reprint author), Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. EM covrebo@ucok.edu FU US National Science Foundation's Biotic Surveys and Inventories Program [DEB-0103621]; College at Cortland, in cooperation with the Forest Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Center for Forest Mycology Research; US National Science Foundation [DEB-0338699] FX CLO thanks the Smithsonial Tropical Research Institute for granting permission to collect on Barro Colorado Island. Field work by CLO in Panama was funded by a Mellon Comparative Research Grant administered by the Organization for Tropical Studies and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and by the Joe C. Jackson College of Graduate studies and Research, University of Central Oklahoma; funding in Costa Rica was provided by the Jackson College of Graduate Studies. Collection of reference material in Belize (H.hypohaemacta and H. chloochlora) by DJL was Supported by the US National Science Foundation's Biotic Surveys and Inventories Program grant DEB-0103621 to the Research Foundation of the State University of New York, College at Cortland, in cooperation with the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Forest Mycology Research. For help in obtaining Belizean collections for sequencing, DJL thanks Dr. B. Ortiz-Santana for assistance in the field; Mr. C. Popper and staf for the Five-Sisters Lodge, and Mrs. J. Grant and Mr. E. Romero of the Programme for Belize together with the staff or the La Milpa Station For permission to collect and facilitation of four stay;, and Dr. L. Quiroz, Ms. N. Rosado, Mr. H. Mai, and Mr. J. Pinelo of the Conservation Division of the Belize Forestry Department for assistance with collecting and export permits. Collecting by DJL and sequencing of H. glutinipes)C V Was Supported by the Agaric Diversity in the 0 Great Smoky Mountains National Park grant DEB-0338699 from the US National Science Foundation to the University of Tennessee. We are grateful to Drs. J.M. Moncalvo and Rytas Vilgalys for sequencing H. oseol,roseopallida, and Dr. K. Hughes for contributing cloned ITS sequences of H. ghaim was also thank Dr. D.L. Lindner, Dr. M. Banik and Mr.J. Haight for assistance in cloning H. hypohaemaya and H. occidentalis. Dr. D. Boertmann was instrumental in providing recent collections of the type species In Hygrocybe Sections Coccinecie and Chlorophanae (H. coceineci and H. chlorophana) from Denmark for Sequencing. We thank Dr. Donald Pfister of the Farlow Herbarium at Harvard University for loans of collections made by Dodge and Goerger in Costa Rica. Finally, we thank the following pre-reviewers Of the Manuscript who provided valuable comments on earlier versions: Drs. M.C. Aime, S.A. Cantrell, B. Ortiz-Santana and T.J. Baroni. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KUNMING UNIV SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI KUNMING PA YUNNAN, KUNMING, 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1560-2745 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD SEP 30 PY 2008 VL 32 BP 69 EP 80 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 385DP UT WOS:000261793600005 ER PT J AU Kural, AG Shearer, AEH Kingsley, DH Chen, HQ AF Kural, Ayse G. Shearer, Adrienne E. H. Kingsley, David H. Chen, Haiqiang TI Conditions for high pressure inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high pressure processing; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; oysters; treatment temperature; treatment time ID HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; PHOSPHATE-BUFFERED SALINE; LIQUID WHOLE EGG; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SHELF-LIFE; VULNIFICUS; SHELLFISH; PASTEURIZATION; IRRADIATION; INFECTIONS AB The objective of this study was to identify the high pressure processing conditions (pressure level. time, and temperature) needed to achieve a 5-log reduction of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in live oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Ten strains of V parahaemolyticus were separately tested for their resistances to high pressure. The two most pressure-resistant strains were then used as a cocktail to represent baro-tolerant environmental strains. To evaluate the effect of temperature on pressure inactivation of V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio-free oyster meats were inoculated with the cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus and incubated at room temperature (approximately 21 degrees C for 24 h. Oyster meats were then blended and treated at 250 MPa for 5 min, 300 MPa for 2 min, and 350 MPa for 1 min. Pressure treatments were carried out at -2,1, 5,10, 20, 30, 40, and 45 degrees C. Temperatures >= 30 degrees C enhanced pressure inactivation of V. parahaemolyticus. To achieve a 5-log reduction of V parahaemolyticus in live oysters, pressure treatment needed to be >= 350 MPa for 2 min at temperatures between 1 and 35 degrees C and ?:300 MPa for 2 min at 40 degrees C. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kural, Ayse G.; Shearer, Adrienne E. H.; Chen, Haiqiang] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kingsley, David H.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Chen, HQ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM haiqiang@udel.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35201-16349] FX The authors wish to thank Drs. Gary Richards and Gulnihal Ozbay for their helpful discussions. The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number # 2005-35201-16349. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD SEP 30 PY 2008 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.05.003 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 356IG UT WOS:000259771300001 PM 18547664 ER PT J AU Chu-Agor, ML Fox, GA Cancienne, RM Wilson, GV AF Chu-Agor, M. L. Fox, G. A. Cancienne, R. M. Wilson, G. V. TI Seepage caused tension failures and erosion undercutting of hillslopes SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hillslope; seepage; seepage erosion; stability; streambank; undercutting ID GROUND-WATER SEEPAGE; SLOPE INSTABILITY; STABILITY; SEDIMENT; MODEL; PRESSURE AB Seepage has been suggested as an important factor in gully and river bank erosion. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of instability by seepage in laboratory studies. A 25-cm tall, 50-cm wide, and 20-cm long soil block with a focused inflow reservoir was constructed to investigate seepage gradient forces and the three-dimensional nature of seepage particle mobilization (i.e., seepage erosion) and undercutting. Experiments included sand and loamy sand soil blocks packed at prescribed bulk densities (1.30-1.70 Mg m(-3)) and with an outflow face at various angles (90 degrees, 75 degrees, and 60 degrees). Constant heads of 15, 25, and 35 cm were imposed on the soil to induce flow. A laser scanner was utilized to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the bank and undercut surfaces at approximately 15-30 s intervals. The bulk density of the two different soil types controlled which seepage failure mechanism occurred: (1) tension or "pop-out" failures due to the seepage force exceeding the soil shear strength which was being concurrently reduced by increased soil pore-water pressure, or (2) particle entrainment in the seepage flow, particle mobilization, bank undercutting, and bank collapse when the initial seepage force gradient was less than the resistance of the soil block. For cases experiencing particle mobilization and undercutting, seepage erosion initiated as unimodal (i.e., concentrated at one point) or as multimodal (i.e., initiating at several locations across the bank face), and this result was largely controlled by the bank angle. A five parameter Gaussian function was fitted to the measured three-dimensional undercut shapes to derive parameters for the maximum depth of undercutting, position of the center of the peak, and the vertical and lateral spreads of the undercut. The parameters of this distribution can be useful in the development of improved sediment transport functions and the incorporation of this failure mechanism into hillslope stability models. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chu-Agor, M. L.; Fox, G. A.; Cancienne, R. M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Wilson, G. V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 209 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM maria.agor@okstate.edu; garey.fox@okstate.edu; rachel.cancienne@okstate.edu; glenn.wilson@ars.usda.gov OI Chu, Ma Librada/0000-0003-3732-7165 FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES); US Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2005-35102-17209] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), under Award No. 2005-35102-17209. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 30 PY 2008 VL 359 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.07.005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 357FI UT WOS:000259831300005 ER PT J AU Abdul-Careem, MF Hunter, BD Lee, LF Fairbrother, JH Haghighi, HR Read, L Parvizi, P Heidari, M Sharif, S AF Abdul-Careem, M. F. Hunter, B. D. Lee, L. F. Fairbrother, J. H. Haghighi, H. R. Read, L. Parvizi, P. Heidari, M. Sharif, S. TI Host responses in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens infected with virulent Marek's disease virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; bursa of Fabricius; macrophages; T cells; cytokine; real-time PCR ID FEATHER FOLLICLE EPITHELIUM; CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; T-CELLS; CYTOLYTIC INFECTION; SURFACE EXPRESSION; LATENT INFECTION; GAMMA-INTERFERON; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO AB The bursa of Fabricius serves as an important tissue in the process of Marek's disease virus (MDV) pathogenesis, since B cells of the bursa harbor the cytolytic phase of MDV replication cycle. In the present study, host responses associated with MDV infection in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens were investigated. The expression of MDV phosphoprotein (pp)38 antigen, MDV glycoprotein (gB) and MDV Viral interleukin (vIL)-8 transcripts was at the highest at 4 days post-infection (d.p.i.) and then showed a declining trend. On the contrary, the expression of meq (MDV EcoRI Q) gene as well as the viral genome load increased gradually until day 14 post-infection. The changes in viral parameters were associated with significantly higher infiltration of macrophages and T cell subsets, particularly CD4+ T cells into the bursa of Fabricius. Of the genes examined, the expression of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma genes and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was significantly up-regulated in response to MDV infection in the bursa of Fabricius. The results Suggest a role for these cells and cytokines in MDV-induced responses in the bursa of Fabricius. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdul-Careem, M. F.; Hunter, B. D.; Haghighi, H. R.; Read, L.; Parvizi, P.; Sharif, S.] Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Lee, L. F.; Heidari, M.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Fairbrother, J. H.] Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 2M2, Canada. RP Sharif, S (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM shayan@uoguelph.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Poultry Research Council (CPRC); Poultry Industry Council; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs FX M.F. Abdul-Careem is a recipient of a Canada Graduate Scholarship from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and postgraduate scholarship supplement from Canadian Poultry Research Council (CPRC). This study was funded by NSERC, Poultry Industry Council, and Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs. We Would like to acknowledge the staff of animal isolation facility of University of Guelph for raising the chickens. NR 71 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 2008 VL 379 IS 2 BP 256 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.06.027 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 353ES UT WOS:000259549500010 PM 18675437 ER PT J AU Sajnani, G Pastrana, MA Dynin, I Onisko, B Requena, JR AF Sajnani, Gustavo Pastrana, Miguel A. Dynin, Irina Onisko, Bruce Requena, Jesus R. TI Scrapie prion protein structural constraints obtained by limited proteolysis and mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PrP; strain; structure; limited proteolysis; mass spectrometry ID TRANSMISSIBLE MINK ENCEPHALOPATHY; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; SOLID-STATE NMR; AMYLOID FIBRILS; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; STRAIN VARIATION; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; SHEET STRUCTURE; 3D STRUCTURE AB Elucidation of the structure of scrapie prion protein (PrPSc), essential to understand the molecular mechanism of prion transmission, continues to be one of the major challenges in prion research and is hampered by the insolubility and polymeric character of PrPSc. Limited proteolysis is a useful tool to obtain insight on structural features of proteins: proteolytic enzymes cleave proteins more readily at exposed sites, preferentially within loops, and rarely in beta-strands. We treated PrPSc isolated from brains of hamsters infected with 263K and drowsy prions with varying concentrations of proteinase K (PK). After PK deactivation, PrPSc was denatured, reduced, and cleaved at Cys179 with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic acid. Fragments were analyzed by nano-HPLC/mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. Besides the known cleavages at positions 90, 86, and 92 for 263K prions and at positions 86, 90, 92, 98, and 1.01 for drowsy prions, our data clearly demonstrate the existence of additional cleavage sites at more internal positions, including 117, 119, 135, 139, 142, and 154 in both strains. PK concentration dependence analysis and limited proteolysis after partial unfolding of PrPSc confirmed that only the mentioned cleavage sites at the N-terminal side of the PrPSc are susceptible to PK. Our results indicate that besides the "classic" amino-terminal PK cleavage points, PrPSc contains, in its middle core, regions that show some degree of susceptibility to proteases and must therefore correspond to subdomains with some degree of structural flexibility, interspersed with stretches of an-Lino acids of high resistance to proteases. These results are compatible with a structure consisting of short beta-sheet stretches connected by loops and turns. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sajnani, Gustavo; Pastrana, Miguel A.; Requena, Jesus R.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Med, Pr Res Unit, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Galicia, Spain. [Dynin, Irina; Onisko, Bruce] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Sajnani, G (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Med, Pr Res Unit, Rua San Francisco S-N, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Galicia, Spain. EM g.sajnani@usc.es RI Sajnani, Gustavo/E-5816-2016; OI Sajnani, Gustavo/0000-0003-4996-572X; Onisko, Bruce/0000-0003-4657-8257 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [EET2001-4861 and BFU2006-04588/BMC]; European Union [FP6 2004 FOOD 313 023183] FX This work was supported by grants EET2001-4861 and BFU2006-04588/BMC from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education and grant FP6 2004 FOOD 313 023183 from the European Union. We thank Isabel Magan, Noemi Ladra, and Esteban Guitian from the University of Santiago de Compostela Mass Spectrometry Core Facility for providing technical support in mass spectrometric analysis of samples. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 26 PY 2008 VL 382 IS 1 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.06.070 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 353SM UT WOS:000259588500008 PM 18621059 ER PT J AU Xu, GZH Dong, JP Zhang, JG Severtson, SJ Houtman, CJ Gwin, LE AF Xu, Guizhen H. Dong, Jinping Zhang, Jiguang Severtson, Steven J. Houtman, Carl J. Gwin, Larry E. TI Characterizing the distribution of nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactants in water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive films using atomic-force and confocal Raman microscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ACRYLIC LATEX FILMS; NUMERICAL THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; EMULSION POLYMERIZATION; RECYCLING OPERATIONS; NATURAL SYSTEMS; SMALL MOLECULES; COALESCENCE; SORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE AB Surfactant distributions in model pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) films were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM). The PSAs are water-based acrylics synthesized with n-butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, and methacrylic acid and two commercially available surfactants, disodium (nonylphenoxypolyethoxy)ethyl sulfosuccinate (anionic) and nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol (nonionic). The ratio of these surfactants was varied, while the total surfactant content was held constant. AFM images demonstrate the tendency of anionic surfactant to accumulate at the film surfaces and retard latex particle coalescence. CRM, which was introduced here as a means of providing quantitative depth profiling of surfactant concentration in latex adhesive films, confirms that the anionic surfactant tends to migrate to the film interfaces. This is consistent with its greater water solubility, which causes it to be transported by convective flow during the film coalescence process. The behavior of the nonionic surfactant is consistent with its greater compatibility with the polymer, showing little enrichment at film interfaces and little lateral variability in concentration measurements made via CRM. Surfactant distributions near film interfaces determined via CRM are well fit by an exponential decay model, in which concentrations drop from their highs at interfaces to plateau values in the film bulk. It was observed that decay constants are larger at the film-air interface compared with those obtained at the film-substrate side indicating differences in the mechanism involved. In general, it is shown here that CRM acts as a powerful compliment to AFM in characterizing the distribution of surfactant species in PSA film formation. C1 [Xu, Guizhen H.; Zhang, Jiguang; Severtson, Steven J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Dong, Jinping] Univ Minnesota, Characterizat Facil, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gwin, Larry E.] Franklin Int, Columbus, OH 43207 USA. [Houtman, Carl J.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Severtson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, 2004 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sever018@umn.edu RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC36-04GO14309] FX We thank Dr. Thomas Krick, Biochemistry Department, University of Minnesota, for running and interpreting the LC-MSdata and Dr. Yanhong Gu, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical & Technology, for help in processing Raman data. This research was financially supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Project Number DE-FC36-04GO14309. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 25 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 38 BP 11907 EP 11914 DI 10.1021/jp804876x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 350GZ UT WOS:000259342000008 PM 18767777 ER PT J AU Freeman, EA Moisen, GG AF Freeman, Elizabeth A. Moisen, Gretchen G. TI A comparison of the performance of threshold criteria for binary classification in terms of predicted prevalence and kappa SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE binary classification; ROC; AUC; sensitivity; specificity; threshold ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; ACCURACY; RATIOS AB Modelling techniques used in binary classification problems often result in a predicted probability surface, which is then translated into a presence-absence classification map. However, this translation requires a (possibly subjective) choice of threshold above which the variable of interest is predicted to be present. The selection of this threshold value can have dramatic effects on model accuracy as well as the predicted prevalence for the variable (the overall proportion of locations where the variable is predicted to be present). The traditional default is to simply use a threshold of 0.5 as the cut-off, but this does not necessarily preserve the observed prevalence or result in the highest prediction accuracy, especially for data sets with very high or very low observed prevalence. Alternatively, the thresholds can be chosen to optimize map accuracy, as judged by various criteria. Here we examine the effect of 11 of these potential criteria on predicted prevalence, prediction accuracy, and the resulting map output. Comparisons are made using output from presence-absence models developed for 13 tree species in the northern mountains of Utah. We found that species with poor model quality or low prevalence were most sensitive to the choice of threshold. For these species, a 0.5 cut-off was unreliable, sometimes resulting in substantially lower kappa and underestimated prevalence, with possible detrimental effects on a management decision. if a management objective requires a map to portray unbiased estimates of species prevalence, then the best results were obtained from thresholds deliberately chosen so that the predicted prevalence equaled the observed prevalence, followed closely by thresholds chosen to maximize kappa. These were also the two criteria with the highest mean kappa from our independent test data. For particular management applications the special cases of user specified required accuracy may be most appropriate. Ultimately, maps will typically have multiple and somewhat conflicting management applications. Therefore, providing users with a continuous probability surface may be the most versatile and powerful method, allowing threshold choice to be matched with each maps intended use. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Freeman, Elizabeth A.; Moisen, Gretchen G.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Freeman, EA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM eafreeman@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 164 Z9 168 U1 3 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 24 PY 2008 VL 217 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.05.015 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 342VL UT WOS:000258811600004 ER PT J AU Lee, SU Lee, JH Choi, SH Lee, JS Ohnisi-Kameyama, M Kozukue, N Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Lee, Seung Un Lee, Jong Ha Choi, Suk Hyun Lee, Jin Shik Ohnisi-Kameyama, Mayumi Kozukue, Nobuyuki Levin, Carol E. Friedman, Mendel TI Flavonoid content in fresh, home-processed, and light-exposed onions and in dehydrated commercial onion products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; onions; onion products; HPLC; LC-MS; flavonoids ID ALLIUM-CEPA L.; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; QUERCETIN GLUCOSIDES; RED ONION; BULBS; PLANT; HPLC AB Onion plants synthesize flavonoids as protection against damage by UV radiation and by intracellular hydrogen peroxide. Because flavonoids also exhibit health-promoting effects in humans, a need exists to measure their content in onions and in processed onion products. To contribute to the knowledge about the levels of onion flavonoids, HPLC and LC-MS were used to measure levels of seven quercetin and isorhamnetin glucosides in four Korean commercial onion bulb varieties and their distribution within the onion, in scales of field-grown onions exposed to home processing or to fluorescent light and in 16 commercial dehydrated onion products sold in the United States. Small onions had higher flavonoid content per kilogram than large ones. There was a graduated decrease in the distribution of the flavonoids across an onion bulb from the first (outside) to the seventh (innermost) scale. Commercial, dehydrated onion products contained low amounts or no flavonoids. Losses of onion flavonoids subjected to "cooking" (in percent) ranged as follows: frying, 33; sauteing, 21; boiling, 14-20; steaming, 14; microwaving, 4; baking, 0. Exposure to fluorescent light for 24 and 48 h induced time-dependent increases in the flavonoid content. The results extend the knowledge about the distribution of flavonoids in fresh and processed onions. C1 [Levin, Carol E.; Friedman, Mendel] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Lee, Seung Un; Lee, Jong Ha; Lee, Jin Shik; Kozukue, Nobuyuki] Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyeongju 780713, Gyongbuk, South Korea. [Choi, Suk Hyun] Seowon Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Heungdeok 361742, Cheongju, South Korea. [Ohnisi-Kameyama, Mayumi] Natl Food Res Inst, Mass Analysis Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 28 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 24 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 18 BP 8541 EP 8548 DI 10.1021/jf801009p PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 349QH UT WOS:000259295500043 PM 18759442 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, BW Boue, S Hoffman, GDG Deeby, T McCready, H Loeffelmann, K AF LeBlanc, Blaise W. Boue, Stephen Hoffman, Gloria De-Grandi Deeby, Thomas McCready, Holly Loeffelmann, Kevin TI beta-cyclodextrins as carriers of monoterpenes into the hemolymph of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) for integrated pest management SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Varroa; essential oils; phenolics; thymol; carvacrol; orlganum; cyclodextrin; drug delivery ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; VARROA-JACOBSONI; ESSENTIAL OILS; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; RESISTANCE; COLONIES; FLUVALINATE; DERIVATIVES; DESTRUCTOR; MEMBRANES AB The Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) is becoming ubiquitous worldwide and is a serious threat to honey bees. The cultivation of certain food crops are at risk. The most noted acaricides against Varroa mites are tau-fluvaninate and coumaphos, but the mites are showing resistance. Since these insecticides are used in the proximity of honey, it is desirable to use natural alternatives. Monoterpenoids such as thymol and carvacrol, that are constituents of oil of thyme and oil of origanum, show promise as acaricides against the Varroa mite (Varroa destructor), but the delivery of these compounds remains a challenge due to the low water solubility and uncontrolled release into the colony. beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) inclusion complexes of thymol, oil of origanum, and carvacrol were prepared on a preparative scale. Competitive binding was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy by using 6-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-2-sulfonate as a fluorescent probe. The complexes were characterized, and the competitive binding described by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy chemical shifts. The toxicity of beta-CD and the prepared complexes in enriched sucrose syrup was studied by conducting caged honey bee (Apis mellifera) feeding trials. After the first and second weeks of feeding, hemolymph and gut tissue samples were acquired from the caged bee study. The levels of thymol and carvacrol were quantified by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectroscopy, using an optimized procedure we developed. High (mM) levels of thymol and carvacrol were detected in bee tissues without any imposed toxicity to the bees, in an effort to deter Varroa mites from feeding on honey bee hemolymph. C1 [LeBlanc, Blaise W.; Hoffman, Gloria De-Grandi; Deeby, Thomas; McCready, Holly] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Boue, Stephen] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP LeBlanc, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM blaise.leblanc@ars.usda.gov RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; Socaciu, Carmen/P-8358-2014 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Socaciu, Carmen/0000-0002-7352-5057 FU National Honey Board [58-5343-7-472] FX We express gratitude to the National Honey Board (project no. 58-5343-7-472) for funding this project. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 24 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 18 BP 8565 EP 8573 DI 10.1021/jf801607c PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 349QH UT WOS:000259295500046 PM 18710247 ER PT J AU Lancaster, SH Haney, RL Senseman, SA Kenerley, CM Hons, FM AF Lancaster, Sarah H. Haney, Richard L. Senseman, Scott A. Kenerley, Charles M. Hons, Frank M. TI Microbial degradation of fluometuron is influenced by Roundup WeatherMAX SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cotton; degradation; glyphosate; Gossypium hirsutum; microbial activity; fluometuron; Rhizoctonia solani ID GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT CROPS; COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; LOAM SOIL; BIOMASS; ADSORPTION; MOVEMENT; ATRAZINE; TILLAGE AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to describe the influence of glyphosate and fluometuron on soil microbial activity and to determine the effect of glyphosate on fluometuron degradation in soil and by Rhizoctonia solani. Soil and liquid medium were amended with formulated fluometuron alone or with two rates of formulated glyphosate. The soil carbon mineralization was measured hourly for 33 days. The fluometuron remaining in the soil was quantified following 3, 6, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 days of incubation. The fluometuron remaining in medium and fungal biomass was measured after 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, and 20 days of incubation. The addition of glyphosate with fluometuron increased C-mineralization and increased the rate of fluometuron degradation relative to fluometuron applied alone. However, more fluometuron remained in the media and less fungal biomass was produced when glyphosate was included. C1 [Lancaster, Sarah H.; Senseman, Scott A.; Hons, Frank M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kenerley, Charles M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Haney, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Lancaster, SH (reprint author), Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 368 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM sarah.lancaster@okstate.edu RI Senseman, Scott/E-7714-2011; OI Lancaster, Sarah/0000-0001-9711-9363 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 24 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 18 BP 8588 EP 8593 DI 10.1021/jf801648w PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 349QH UT WOS:000259295500049 PM 18729373 ER PT J AU Wang, YF Couture, OP Qu, L Uthe, JJ Bearson, SMD Kuhar, D Lunney, JK Nettleton, D Dekkers, JCM Tuggle, CK AF Wang, Yanfang Couture, Oliver P. Qu, Long Uthe, Jolita J. Bearson, Shawn M. D. Kuhar, Daniel Lunney, Joan K. Nettleton, Dan Dekkers, Jack C. M. Tuggle, Christopher K. TI Analysis of Porcine Transcriptional Response to Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis suggests novel targets of NFkappaB are activated in the Mesenteric Lymph Node SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; SEROTYPE CHOLERAESUIS; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; OVER-REPRESENTATION; INTESTINAL-MUCOSA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DENDRITIC CELLS; TYPHIMURIUM AB Background: Specific knowledge of the molecular pathways controlling host-pathogen interactions can increase our understanding of immune response biology as well as provide targets for drug development and genetic improvement of disease resistance. Toward this end, we have characterized the porcine transcriptional response to Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis), a Salmonella serovar that predominately colonizes swine, yet can cause serious infections in human patients. Affymetrix technology was used to screen for differentially expressed genes in pig mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) responding to infection with S. Choleraesuis at acute (8 hours (h), 24 h and 48 h post-inoculation (pi)) and chronic stages (21 days (d) pi). Results: Analysis of variance with false discovery rate control identified 1,853 genes with significant changes in expression level (p-value < 0.01, q-value < 0.26, and fold change (FC) > 2) during infection as compared to un-inoculated control pigs. Down-regulation of translation-related genes at 8 hpi and 24 hpi implied that S. Choleraesuis repressed host protein translation. Genes involved in the Th1, innate immune/inflammation response and apoptosis pathways were induced significantly. However, antigen presentation/dendritic cell (DC) function pathways were not affected significantly during infection. A strong NF kappa B-dependent response was observed, as 58 known NF kappa B target genes were induced at 8, 24 and/or 48 hpi. Quantitative-PCR analyses confirmed the microarray data for 21 of 22 genes tested. Based on expression patterns, these target genes can be classified as an "Early" group (induced at either 8 or 24 hpi) and a "Late" group (induced only at 48 hpi). Cytokine activity or chemokine activity were enriched within the Early group genes GO annotations, while the Late group was predominantly composed of signal transduction and cell metabolism annotated genes. Regulatory motif analysis of the human orthologous promoters for both Early and Late genes revealed that 241 gene promoters were predicted to contain NF kappa B binding sites, and that of these, 51 Early and 145 Late genes were previously not known to be NF kappa B targets. Conclusion: Our study provides novel genome-wide transcriptional profiling data on the porcine response to S. Choleraesuis and expands the understanding of NF kappa B signaling in response to Salmonella infection. Comparison of the magnitude and timing of porcine MLN transcriptional response to different Salmonella serovars, S. Choleraesuis and S. Typhimurium, clearly showed a larger but later transcriptional response to S. Choleraesuis. Both microarray and QPCR data provided evidence of a strong NF kappa B-dependent host transcriptional response during S. Choleraesuis infection. Our data indicate that a lack of strong DC-mediated antigen presentation in the MLN may cause S. Choleraesuis infected pigs to develop a systemic infection, and our analysis predicts nearly 200 novel NF kappa B target genes which may be applicable across mammalian species. C1 [Wang, Yanfang; Couture, Oliver P.; Qu, Long; Uthe, Jolita J.; Dekkers, Jack C. M.; Tuggle, Christopher K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Wang, Yanfang; Couture, Oliver P.; Qu, Long; Uthe, Jolita J.; Dekkers, Jack C. M.; Tuggle, Christopher K.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Integrated Anim Genom, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Uthe, Jolita J.; Bearson, Shawn M. D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Kuhar, Daniel; Lunney, Joan K.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Qu, Long; Nettleton, Dan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Tuggle, CK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM yanfangw@hotmail.com; simius@iastate.edu; longor@iastate.edu; Jolita.uthe@ars.usda.gov; Shawn.Bearson@ars.usda.gov; Daniel.Kuhar@ars.usda.gov; Joan.Lunney@ars.usda.gov; dnett@iastate.edu; jdekkers@iastate.edu; cktuggle@iastate.edu RI Qu, Long/I-8528-2012 FU ISU Agriculture Experiment Station/Center for Integrated Animal Genomics; USDA-ARS-NADC; USDA-ARS-BARC; USDA-NRI [2004-35205-14202]; USDA-Food and Agricultural Sciences [2001-52100-11506] FX We thank Dr. Tom Stabel for collaboration in the production of these challenge populations. This project received support from the ISU Agriculture Experiment Station/Center for Integrated Animal Genomics, the USDA-ARS-NADC, the USDA-ARS-BARC, and USDA-NRI 2004-35205-14202. O.C. acknowledges support of the USDA-Food and Agricultural Sciences-Multidisciplinary Graduate Education and Training Grant 2001-52100-11506. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 23 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 437 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-437 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 362BJ UT WOS:000260172900002 PM 18811943 ER PT J AU Brunelle, BW Greenlee, JJ Seabury, CM Brown, CE Nicholson, EM AF Brunelle, Brian W. Greenlee, Justin J. Seabury, Christopher M. Brown, Charles E., II Nicholson, Eric M. TI Frequencies of polymorphisms associated with BSE resistance differ significantly between Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and composite cattle SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRION PROTEIN GENE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; PRNP PROMOTER POLYMORPHISMS; OCTAPEPTIDE INSERT MUTATION; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; TRANSGENIC MICE; US CATTLE; GERMAN CATTLE; SCRAPIE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Background: Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative diseases that affect several mammalian species. At least three factors related to the host prion protein are known to modulate susceptibility or resistance to a TSE: amino acid sequence, atypical number of octapeptide repeats, and expression level. These factors have been extensively studied in breeds of Bos taurus cattle in relation to classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). However, little is currently known about these factors in Bos indicus purebred or B. indicus x B. taurus composite cattle. The goal of our study was to establish the frequency of markers associated with enhanced susceptibility or resistance to classical BSE in B. indicus purebred and composite cattle. Results: No novel or TSE-associated PRNP-encoded amino acid polymorphisms were observed for B. indicus purebred and composite cattle, and all had the typical number of octapeptide repeats. However, differences were observed in the frequencies of the 23-bp and 12-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms associated with two bovine PRNP transcription regulatory sites. Compared to B. taurus, B. indicus purebred and composite cattle had a significantly lower frequency of 23-bp insertion alleles and homozygous genotypes. Conversely, B. indicus purebred cattle had a significantly higher frequency of 12-bp insertion alleles and homozygous genotypes in relation to both B. taurus and composite cattle. The origin of these disparities can be attributed to a significantly different haplotype structure within each species. Conclusion: The frequencies of the 23-bp and 12-bp indels were significantly different between B. indicus and B. taurus cattle. No other known or potential risk factors were detected for the B. indicus purebred and composite cattle. To date, no consensus exists regarding which bovine PRNP indel region is more influential with respect to classical BSE. Should one particular indel region and associated genotypes prove more influential with respect to the incidence of classical BSE, differences regarding overall susceptibility and resistance for B. indicus and B. taurus cattle may be elucidated. C1 [Brunelle, Brian W.; Greenlee, Justin J.; Nicholson, Eric M.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Seabury, Christopher M.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Brown, Charles E., II] ABS Global Inc, De Forest, WI 53532 USA. [Brunelle, Brian W.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Nicholson, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Brian.Brunelle@ars.usda.gov; Justin.Greenlee@ars.usda.gov; cseabury@cvm.tamu.edu; CBrown@absglobal.com; Eric.Nicholson@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD SEP 22 PY 2008 VL 4 AR 36 DI 10.1186/1746-6148-4-36 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 364KG UT WOS:000260334000001 PM 18808703 ER PT J AU Cho, YJ Kim, CJ Kim, N Kim, CT Park, B AF Cho, Yong-Jin Kim, Chul-Jin Kim, Namsoo Kim, Chong-Tai Park, Bosoon TI Some cases in applications and agricultural systems of nanotechnology to food SO BIOCHIP JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE food nanotechnology; food safety and quality; functional food AB Food nanotechnolgy is an emerging technology. Many scientists and engineers have recognized well the potential of nanotechnology to lead all the industries in the 21(st) century. Even though successful applications of nanotechnology to foods are still limited, some basic concepts based on nano-scale have been established well. In food engineering field, two major applications related to nanotechnology, that is, food nano-sensing and food nano-structured ingredients are being expected. In the former field, better food quality and safety evaluation can be achieved by using nanotechnology. In the latter, food processing can be largely improved in the aspects of solubilization, delivery and color in food systems. Meanwhile, food nanotechnolgy as a new technology is requiring reviews of potentially adverse effects as well as many positive effects. C1 [Cho, Yong-Jin; Kim, Chul-Jin; Kim, Namsoo; Kim, Chong-Tai] Korea Food Res Inst, Food Nano Biotechnol Res Ctr, Songnam 463746, South Korea. [Park, Bosoon] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cho, YJ (reprint author), Korea Food Res Inst, Food Nano Biotechnol Res Ctr, Songnam 463746, South Korea. EM yjcho@kfri.re.kr FU Korea Food Research Institute, Republic of Korea FX This study was carried Out as part of the research project of "Development of Food Nanotechnology", Korea Food Research Institute, Republic of Korea. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU KOREAN BIOCHIP SOC PI SEOUL PA BIOTECHNOLOGY BUILDING KOREA UNIV, SPECIAL RES WING, #204, SEOUL, ANAM-DONG 136-701, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-0280 J9 BIOCHIP J JI BioChip J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 183 EP 185 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 350OB UT WOS:000259361000004 ER PT J AU Putz, FE Sist, P Fredericksen, T Dykstra, D AF Putz, F. E. Sist, P. Fredericksen, T. Dykstra, D. TI Reduced-impact logging: Challenges and opportunities SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE tropical forest management; reduced-impact logging; sustained yield; sustainable forest management; timber harvesting ID TROPICAL FOREST CONSERVATION; SILVICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; EASTERN AMAZON; SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY; DIPTEROCARP FORESTS; TIMBER PRODUCTION; RAIN-FOREST; DAMAGE; MANAGEMENT AB Over the past two decades, sets of timber harvesting guidelines designed to mitigate the deleterious environmental impacts of tree felling, yarding, and hauling have become known as "reduced-impact logging" (RIL) techniques. Although none of the components of RIL are new, concerns about destructive logging practices and worker safety in the tropics stimulated this recent proliferation of semi-coordinated research and training activities related to timber harvesting. Studies in Southeast Asia, Africa, and South and Central America have clearly documented that the undesired impacts of selective logging on residual stands and soils can be substantially reduced through implementation of a series of recommended logging practices by crews that are appropriately trained, supervised, and compensated. Whether reducing the deleterious impacts of logging also reduces profits seems to depend on site conditions (e.g., terrain, soil trafficability, and riparian areas), whether the profits from illegal activities are included in the baseline, and the perspective from which the economic calculations are made. A standardized approach for calculating logging costs using RILSIM software is advocated to facilitate comparisons and to allow uncoupling RIL practices to evaluate their individual financial costs and benefits. Further complicating the matter is that while there are elements common to all RIL guidelines (e.g., directional felling), other components vary (e.g., slope limits of 17-40 degrees with ground-based yarding). While use of RIL techniques may be considered as a prerequisite for sustaining timber yields (STY), in particular, and sustainable forest management (SFM), in general, RIL should not be confounded with STY and SFM. This confusion is particularly problematic in forests managed for light-demanding species that benefit from both canopy opening and mineral soil exposure as well as where harvesting intensities are high and controlled primarily by minimum diameter cutting limits. These qualifications notwithstanding, since logging is the most intensive of silvicultural treatments in most tropical forests managed for timber, some aspects of RIL are critical (e.g., protection of water courses) whether forests are managed for STY, SFM, or even replacement by agricultural crops. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Putz, F. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Sist, P.] Embrapa Cenargen, Cirad ES UR 37, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Fredericksen, T.] Ferrum Coll, Sch Nat Sci & Math, Ferrum, VA 24088 USA. [Dykstra, D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Putz, FE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Bot, POB 118526, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM fep@botany.ufl.edu OI Sist, Plinio/0000-0002-4565-4417 NR 95 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 27 U2 97 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 7 BP 1427 EP 1433 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.03.036 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 357HQ UT WOS:000259837300002 ER PT J AU Modisett, KL Robinson, CD Raina, AK Lax, AR Michael, SF Isern, S AF Modisett, Katharine L. Robinson, Christy D. Raina, Ashok K. Lax, Alan R. Michael, Scott F. Isern, Sharon TI Foreign gene transfer in termite cells using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE termite; gene transfer; vesicular stomatitis virus; primary cell culture; cryopreservation ID G-PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; VECTORS; RNA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; MOSQUITOS; ISOPTERA; BACTERIA AB The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), are well known for their destruction of human dwellings and flora in the tropics and subtropics. A method to deliver foreign genes into termite cell cultures would provide a controlled environment to facilitate the study of key regulatory functions at the molecular and cellular level. Here a method for the establishment and cryopreservation of primary embryonic termite cell cultures is described. Evidence is presented of viral-mediated gene transfer in these cells and foreign gene expression using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector. C1 [Michael, Scott F.; Isern, Sharon] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Biotechnol Res Grp, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Michael, Scott F.; Isern, Sharon] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Modisett, Katharine L.] Tulane Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Robinson, Christy D.] Tulane Univ, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Raina, Ashok K.; Lax, Alan R.] ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Isern, S (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Biotechnol Res Grp, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. EM klm63@georgetown.edu; araina@srrc.ars.usda.gov; alax@srrc.ars.usda.gov; smichael@fgcu.edu; sisern@fgcu.edu FU United States National Science Foundation [SI (0521917)]; USDA-ARS [58-6435-1-132]; New-comb Foundation; Coypu Foundation; Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research FX This work was supported in part by the United States National Science Foundation through an ADVANCE-Fellows award to SI (0521917), a USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement (58-6435-1-132) to SFM, the New-comb Foundation, and the Coypu Foundation through an award to the Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD SEP 18 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 52 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 349TQ UT WOS:000259306600001 ER PT J AU Dennis, MM Antognoli, MC Garry, FB Hirst, HL Lombard, JE Gould, DH Salman, MD AF Dennis, M. M. Antognoli, M. C. Garry, F. B. Hirst, H. L. Lombard, J. E. Gould, D. H. Salman, M. D. TI Association of severity of enteric granulomatous inflammation with disseminated Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection and antemortem test results for paratuberculosis in dairy cows SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diagnosis; disseminated infection; fecal culture; histology; Mycobacterium avium subspecies Paratuberculosis; serology ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; JOHNES-DISEASE; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; CATTLE; DIAGNOSIS; TISSUES; SPECIFICITY; SENSITIVITY; PATHOLOGY; RESPONSES AB Disseminated infection (DI) of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in cattle may impair cow health, potentiate spread of disease, and is a potential food-safety risk. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between severity of histologic enteric lesions and the occurrence of DI, clinical signs, and positive fecal culture and serum ELISA results. Bacteriologic fecal culture and serum ELISA were performed on 40 dairy cows from MAP-infected herds. Cows were classified as having DI if MAP was isolated from any of I I extra-intestinal tissues collected postmortem. A grade of 0-3, corresponding to the severity of histologically evident granulomatous inflammation was determined for sections of ileum, jejunum, mesenteric lymph node, and ileocolic lymph node. An overall intestinal inflammation (OII) grade of 0-3 was assigned to each cow. The proportion of cows with DI increased with tissue-specific lesion grade and OII grade. All cows with grade 3 inflammation in any single tissue had DI, however, some cows with DI had grade I inflammation or no lesions. In general, there was a positive association between OII grade and clinical signs, gross enteric lesions, and positive ELISA and fecal culture results. However, 12% of OII grade 0 cows had clinical signs (explained by other conditions recognized with necropsy), and the proportion of positive ELISA results was lower for OII grade 3 cows relative to grade 2 cows. Although MAP dissemination may occur early in the disease process, histopathology of intestinal tissues may be used to detect a substantial proportion of DI cows. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dennis, M. M.; Gould, D. H.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dennis, M. M.; Antognoli, M. C.; Salman, M. D.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Garry, F. B.; Hirst, H. L.; Lombard, J. E.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Integrated Livestock Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lombard, J. E.] Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dennis, MM (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, 425 Werombi Rd, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. EM m.dennis@usyd.edu.au NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD SEP 18 PY 2008 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.02.017 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 353EN UT WOS:000259549000016 PM 18448275 ER PT J AU Lawenda, BD Blumberg, JB AF Lawenda, Brian D. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Re: Should supplemental antioxidant administration be avoided during chemotherapy and radiation therapy? Response SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter ID NECK-CANCER PATIENTS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; LUNG-CANCER; VITAMINS; HEAD C1 [Lawenda, Brian D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lawenda, Brian D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Lawenda, Brian D.] USN, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Lawenda, Brian D.] USN, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lawenda, BD (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Radiat Oncol & Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM brian.lawenda@med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD SEP 17 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 18 DI 10.1093/jnci/djn280 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 350BR UT WOS:000259328000018 ER PT J AU Cheng, XY Thompson, FC AF Cheng, Xin-Yue Thompson, F. Christian TI A generic conspectus of the Microdontinae (Diptera : Syrphidae) with the description of two new genera from Africa and China SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; Syrphidae; Microdontinae; key; China; afrotropics ID GENUS; PHYLOGENY; BIOLOGY AB A new genus and species of flower flies is described from China (Furcantenna Cheng, type F. yangi Cheng). Another new genus is proposed for the Afrotropical species incorrectly placed in Ceratophya, Afromicrodon Thompson, type Microdon johannae Doesburg. A key is provided to the groups of the Subfamily Microdontinae, along with a checklist of genus-group names proposed within the subfamily and nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on them. C1 [Cheng, Xin-Yue] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Thompson, F. Christian] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cheng, XY (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM chengxy@bnu.edu.cn; chris.thompson@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation of China [30070099] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (#30070099). NR 99 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 17 PY 2008 IS 1879 BP 21 EP 48 PG 28 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 348WU UT WOS:000259241600003 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC Kurantz, MJ Cooke, P Parris, N Moreau, RA AF Dickey, Leland C. Kurantz, Michael J. Cooke, Peter Parris, Nicholas Moreau, Robert A. TI Separation of buoyant particles from an aqueous dispersion of corn germ particles using a bubble column SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bubble column; Foam separation; Corn germ; Oil separation ID MASS-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; FOAM SEPARATION; OIL EXTRACTION; GAS HOLDUP; PROTEINS; ETHANOL; WATER AB Experiments were conducted to study the use of a bubble column to separate oil from dispersions of corn germ particles in buffered aqueous solution. Particles and aggregates as large as 1 mm which contained oil droplets about 1-2 mu m in size were suspended in the dispersions. The dispersion was subsequently heated, dosed with enzyme and pumped into a bubble column. Buoyant fine particles and aggregates were lifted through the 2.9 L of the dispersion in a column by nitrogen bubbles and were incorporated into a foam layer at the top of the liquid. The foam drained from the column through a port a few cm above the top of the dispersion and was collected and subsequently centrifuged to separate a free oil layer. The oil yields were comparable to those obtained by centrifuging entire dispersions churned in an incubator/shaker without the bubbling and foaming. With only endogenous surfactant present in the dispersion, the collected foam comprised a quarter of the dispersion mass and about 3/4 of the dispersion's oil (half as a separate oil layer after centrifugation). The rate of free oil collection was the same whether or not the dispersion was bubbled for several hours prior to foam collection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dickey, Leland C.; Kurantz, Michael J.; Cooke, Peter; Parris, Nicholas; Moreau, Robert A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM leland.dickey@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD SEP 16 PY 2008 VL 63 IS 18 BP 4555 EP 4560 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2008.06.027 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 368QQ UT WOS:000260638000012 ER PT J AU Li, LO Chang, ZZ Pan, ZQ Fu, ZQ Wang, XQ AF Li, Lenong Chang, Zhenzhan Pan, Zhiqiang Fu, Zheng-Qing Wang, Xiaoqiang TI Modes of heme binding and substrate access for cytochrome P450CYP74A revealed by crystal structures of allene oxide synthase SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE oxylipin; jasmonate; guayule ID PROSTACYCLIN SYNTHASE; MOLECULAR GRAPHICS; ACID; RESOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; 9-HYDROPEROXIDES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CONFORMATION; OXYLIPINS AB Cytochrome P450s exist ubiquitously in all organisms and are involved in many biological processes. Allene oxide synthase (AOS) is a P450 enzyme that plays a key role in the biosynthesis of oxylipin jasmonates, which are involved in signal and defense reactions in higher plants. The crystal structures of guayule (Parthenium argentatum) AOS (CYP74A2) and its complex. with the substrate analog 13(S)-hydroxyoctadeca-9Z, 11E-dienoic acid have been determined. The structures exhibit a classic P450 fold but possess a heme-binding mode with an unusually long heme binding loop and a unique I-helix. The structures also reveal two channels through which substrate and product may access and leave the active site. The entrances are defined by a loop between beta 3-2 and beta 3-3. Asn-276 in the substrate binding site may interact with the substrate's hydroperoxy group and play an important role in catalysis, and Lys-282 at the entrance may control substrate access and binding. These studies provide both structural insights into AOS and related P450s and a structural basis to understand the distinct reaction mechanism. C1 [Pan, Zhiqiang] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Li, Lenong; Chang, Zhenzhan; Wang, Xiaoqiang] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Fu, Zheng-Qing] Argonne Natl Lab, SE Reg Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fu, Zheng-Qing] Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Pan, ZQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM zpan@ars.usda.gov; xwang@noble.org FU Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation FX We thank Drs. Y. Tang and H. Pan for critical reading of the manuscript, and K. Tan at the Structural Biology Center beamline 19ID at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne, IL) for assistance with data collection. Argonne is operated by University of Chicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Contract DE-AC02-06CH113S7. This work was supported by the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation. NR 46 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 16 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 37 BP 13883 EP 13888 DI 10.1073/pnas.0804099105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 351QG UT WOS:000259438500038 PM 18787124 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Willing, BP Thacker, PA AF Leytem, A. B. Willing, B. P. Thacker, P. A. TI Phytate utilization and phosphorus excretion by broiler chickens fed diets containing cereal grains varying in phytate and phytase content SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endogenous phytase; Phytate degradation; Poultry; Phosphorus; NMR ID PHYTIC ACID; HYDROLYSIS; CALCIUM; DIGESTIBILITY; SOLUBILITY; FECES; SOILS; FEED AB Eighty, 12-day-old, male broiler chicks, were fed one of four diets to determine the effects of feeding grains varying in phytate phosphorus (P) and intrinsic phytase activity on ileal and excreta P digestibility and composition. The diets contained approximately 970.7 g grain kg(-1) (maize, high fat-low lignin oat, normal barley or low-phytate barley) with the cereal supplying the sole source of dietary P. The diets were fed for a 7-day acclimation period followed by a 2 day excreta collection while ileal digesta was collected at slaughter on day 21. The coefficients of ileal apparent digestibility (CIAD) for P and phytate P ranged from 0.79 (normal barley) to 0.86 (maize and low-phytate barley) and 0.76 (low-phytate barley) to 0.89 (maize), respectively. The CIAD for phytate P was significantly greater in the maize and high fat-low lignin oat diets, while the low-phytate barley diet had the lowest coefficient (P>0.002). The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) for P and phytate P ranged from 0.25 (maize) to 0.35 (low-phytate barley) and 0.90 (maize and low-phytate barley) to 0.96 (high fat-low lignin oat), respectively, with no significant differences between diets. There was very little phytate P in excreta regardless of the type of grain fed (<0.13 of total P) with no significant differences between diets. Phytate P degradation was not related to the level of intrinsic phytase in the diet. In summary, current results indicate that, regardless of the type of grain fed, dietary phytate P is highly digestible when large amounts of calcium and P are not added into poultry diets and little phytate P is excreted. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leytem, A. B.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Willing, B. P.; Thacker, P. A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM April.Leytem@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.11.006 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 358PS UT WOS:000259930600012 ER PT J AU Chuck, G Meeley, R Hake, S AF Chuck, George Meeley, Robert Hake, Sarah TI Floral meristem initiation and meristem cell fate are regulated by the maize AP2 genes ids1 and sid1 SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE AP2; maize; meristem; miR172 ID HOMEOTIC GENE; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INFLORESCENCE DEVELOPMENT; PLANT ARCHITECTURE; ARABIDOPSIS; IDENTITY; EXPRESSION; MICRORNA; APETALA2 AB Grass flowers are organized on small branches known as spikelets. In maize, the spikelet meristem is determinate, producing one floral meristem and then converting into a second floral meristem. The APETALA2 (AP2)-like gene indeterminate spikelet1 (ids1) is required for the timely conversion of the spikelet meristem into the floral meristem. Ectopic expression of ids1 in the tassel, resulting from a failure of regulation by the tasselseed4 microRNA, causes feminization and the formation of extra floral meristems. Here we show that ids1 and the related gene, sister of indeterminate spikelet1 (sid1), play multiple roles in inflorescence architecture in maize. Both genes are needed for branching of the inflorescence meristem, to initiate floral meristems and to control spikelet meristem determinacy. We show that reducing the levels of ids1 and sid1 fully suppresses the tasselseed4 phenotype, suggesting that these genes are major targets of this microRNA. Finally, sid1 and ids1 repress AGAMOUS-like MADS-box transcription factors within the lateral organs of the spikelet, similar to the function of AP2 in Arabidopsis, where it is required for floral organ fate. Thus, although the targets of the AP2 genes are conserved between maize and Arabidopsis, the genes themselves have adopted novel meristem functions in monocots. C1 [Chuck, George; Hake, Sarah] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Chuck, George; Hake, Sarah] Univ Calif, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Meeley, Robert] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Chuck, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gchuck@nature.berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI-0604923]; USDA-ARS Current Research Information System (CRIS) [5335-21000-018-00D]; Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2004-35301-14507] FX We thank D. Hantz for greenhouse maintenance; B. Thompson, N. Bolduc, C. Lunde and H. Candela for helpful comments on the manuscript; and Devin O'Conner for phylogenetic analysis. This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DBI-0604923 and by USDA-ARS Current Research Information System (CRIS) grant 5335-21000-018-00D to S. H., and by Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) grant 2004-35301-14507 to G. C. NR 37 TC 58 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 17 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 135 IS 18 BP 3013 EP 3019 DI 10.1242/dev.024273 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 341OW UT WOS:000258724800004 PM 18701544 ER PT J AU Huwe, JK Hakk, H Birnbaum, LS AF Huwe, Janice K. Hakk, Heldur Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Tissue distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in male rats and implications for biomonitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; NEONATAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; 2,2',4,4',5-PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; 2,2',4,4'-TETRABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ADULT MICE; METABOLISM AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of widely used flame retardants which have been found to persist, bioaccumulate, and potentially affect development in animals. Exposure to PBDEs can be through both diet and the environment and is generally estimated by measuring PBDEs in blood, adipose tissue, muscle, or milk samples. Using rats as a model, we investigated tissue distribution of PBDEs after oral administration and evaluated a suitable matrix for body burden estimation. Male rats were administered dust or corn oil containing 8 or mu g PBDEs kg(-1) body wt, respectively, in the diet for 21 days (N= 4 rats per treatment), and the concentration of 15 PBDEs were measured in various tissues, plasma, and feces. PBDEs were found in all tissues, including the brain, and showed no difference in distribution patterns between treatments for most PBDEs. Tri- to hexa-BDEs comprised > 80% of the total PBDEs in the adipose, brain, kidney, lung, and residual carcass, but < 40% in the liver and plasma. The ratio of the lipid-weight concentration of tri- to hexa-BDEs in adipose tissue, residual carcass, and plasma was 1:1:2. For the hepta- to nona-BDEs, lipid-weight concentrations increased from adipose tissue to residual carcass to plasma in the ratio 0.3:1:> 4. BDE-209 was the dominant congener in the liver and plasma, but was not detected in the adipose tissue or carcass. In summary,the lower brominated congeners tended to distribute equally into lipids implying both adipose tissue and plasma would be suitable matrices for biomonitoring. Plasma was the best matrix for detection of the higher brominated congeners (especially BDE-209), although on a lipid-weight basis tended to overestimate the total body burdens. C1 [Huwe, Janice K.; Hakk, Heldur] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] US EPA, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Huwe, JK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM janice.huwe@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 18 BP 7018 EP 7024 DI 10.1021/es801344a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 347KM UT WOS:000259139400042 PM 18853825 ER PT J AU Lian, FZ Wang, XD AF Lian, Fuzhi Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE lycopene; apo-10 '-lycopenoic acid; phase II enzymes; Nrf2; GSH; oxidative damage ID HEME OXYGENASE-1 GENE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; LUNG TUMORIGENESIS; CLEAVAGE PRODUCTS; CANCER MODEL; HUMAN HEALTH; CARCINOGENESIS; GLUTATHIONE AB Lycopene can be cleaved by carotene 9',10'-oxygenase at its 9',10' double bond to form apo-10'-lycopenoids, including apo-10'-lycopenal, -lycopenol and -lycopenoic acid. The latter has been recently shown to inhibit lung carcinogenesis both in vivo and in vitro, however, the mechanism(s) underlying this protection is not well defined. In the present study, we report that treatment with apo-10'-lycopenoic acid, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, results in the nuclear accumulation of transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor E-related factor 2) protein in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. The activation of Nrf2 by apo-10'-lycopenoic acid is associated with the induction of phase 11 detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes including heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione S-transferases, and glutamate-cysteine ligases in BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, apo-10'-lycopenoic acid treatment increased total intracellular glutathione levels and suppressed both endogenous reactive oxygen species generation and H2O2-induced oxidative damage in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, both apo-10'-lycopenol and apo-10'-lycopenal induced heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in BEAS-2B cells. These data strongly suggest that the anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant functions of lycopene may be mediated by apo-10'-lycopenoids via activating Nrf2 and inducing phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Lian, Fuzhi; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu RI Lian, Fuzhi/F-9083-2015 OI Lian, Fuzhi/0000-0002-0733-579X FU National Instituts of Health, Bethesda, MD [R01CA104932]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [1950-51000-064] FX Grant sponsor: National Instituts of Health, Bethesda, MD Grant number: R01CA104932; Grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Agriculture; Grant number: 1950-51000-064. NR 56 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 123 IS 6 BP 1262 EP 1268 DI 10.1002/ijc.23696 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 338BO UT WOS:000258480100005 PM 18566994 ER PT J AU Glynn, MK Lynn, TV AF Glynn, M. Kathleen Lynn, Tracey V. TI Brucellosis SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID LABORATORY-ACQUIRED BRUCELLOSIS; UNITED-STATES; CANINE BRUCELLOSIS; CONGENITAL BRUCELLOSIS; ABORTUS; VACCINE; SUIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MELITENSIS; ANTIBODIES C1 [Glynn, M. Kathleen] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lynn, Tracey V.] Vet Serv, Ctr Emerging Issues, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Glynn, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 106 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 6 BP 900 EP 908 DI 10.2460/javma.233.6.900 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 346DX UT WOS:000259049700018 PM 18795849 ER PT J AU Kannan, N Santhi, C Arnold, JG AF Kannan, Narayanan Santhi, Chinnasamy Arnold, Jeffrey G. TI Development of an automated procedure for estimation of the spatial variation of runoff in large river basins SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SWAT; calibration; regional modeling; Upper Mississippi; parameterization; runoff ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; WATERSHED MODELS; BASE-FLOW; CALIBRATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PRECIPITATION; SWAT AB The use of distributed parameter models to address water resource management problems has increased in recent years. Calibration is necessary to reduce the uncertainties associated with model input parameters. Manual calibration of a distributed parameter model, is a very time consuming effort. Therefore, more attention is given to automated calibration procedures. This paper describes the development and demonstration of such an automated procedure developed for a national/continental scale assessment study called Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). The automated procedure is developed to calibrate spatial variation of annual average runoff components for each USGS eight-digit watershed of the United States. It uses nine parameters to calibrate water yield, surface runoff and sub-surface flow respectively. If necessary, the procedure uses a linear interpolation method to arrive at a better value of a model. parameter. When tested for the Upper Mississippi river basin of the United States, the automated calibration procedure gave satisfactory results. Other test results from the procedure are very encouraging and show potential for its use in very large-scale hydrologic modeling studies. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kannan, Narayanan; Santhi, Chinnasamy] A&M Univ Syst, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Arnold, Jeffrey G.] ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Kannan, N (reprint author), A&M Univ Syst, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM nkannan@brc.tamus.edu NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 359 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.001 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 351YT UT WOS:000259462600001 ER PT J AU Guo, LY Urban, JF Zhu, JF Paul, WE AF Guo, Liying Urban, Joseph F. Zhu, Jinfang Paul, William E. TI Elevating calcium in Th2 cells activates multiple pathways to induce IL-4 transcription and mRNA stabilization SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE; T-CELLS; C-REL; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MAP KINASES; P38; INVOLVEMENT; LYMPHOCYTES; APOPTOSIS AB PMA and ionomycin cause T cell cytokine production. We report that ionomycin alone induces IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-2, from in vivo- and in vitro-generated murine Th2 and Th1 cells. Ionomycin-induced cytokine production requires NFAT, p38, and calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV). Ionomycin induces p38 phosphorylation through a calcium-dependent, cyclosporine A-inhibitable pathway. Knocking down ASK1 inhibits ionomycin-induced p38 phosphorylation and IL-4 production. lonomycin also activates CaMKIV, which, together with p38, induces AP-1. Cooperation between AP-1 and NFAT leads to 114 gene transcription. p38 also regulates IL-4 production by mRNA stabilization. TCR stimulation also phosphorylates p38, partially through the calcium-dependent pathway; activated p38 is required for optimal IL-4 and IFN-gamma. C1 [Guo, Liying; Zhu, Jinfang; Paul, William E.] NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Urban, Joseph F.] USDA ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guo, LY (reprint author), NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 11N322,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1892, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM lguo@niaid.nih.gov RI Zhu, Jinfang/B-7574-2012; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 181 IS 6 BP 3984 EP 3993 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 349AE UT WOS:000259250400033 PM 18768853 ER PT J AU Troy, A Grove, JM AF Troy, Austin Grove, J. Morgan TI Property values, parks, and crime: A hedonic analysis in Baltimore, MD SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE hedonic analysis; property value; crime; urban parks; green space; Baltimore Ecosystem Study ID OPEN SPACE; INNER-CITY; LAND-USE; PRICES; VALUATION; COMMUNITY; GREEN AB While urban parks are generally considered to be a positive amenity, past research suggests that some parks are perceived as a neighborhood liability. Using hedonic analysis of property data in Baltimore, MD, we attempted to determine whether crime rate mediates how parks are valued by the housing market. Transacted price was regressed against park proximity, area-weighted robbery and rape rates for the Census block groups encompassing the parks, and an interaction term, adjusting for a number of other variables. Four models were estimated, including one where selling price was log-transformed but distance to park was not, one where both were log-transformed, a Box-Cox regression, and a spatially adjusted regression. All results indicate that park proximity is positively valued by the housing market where the combined robbery and rape rates for a neighborhood are below a certain threshold rate but negatively valued where above that threshold. Depending on which model is used, this threshold occurs at a crime index value of between 406 and 484 (that is, between 406% and 484% of the national average: the average rate by block group for Baltimore is 475% of the national average). For all models, the further the crime index value is from the threshold value for a particular property, the steeper the relationship is between park proximity and home value. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Troy, Austin] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Grove, J. Morgan] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Troy, A (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM atroy@uvm.edu; mgrove@fs.fed.us FU NSF [DEB-0423476, BCS 624159]; Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service FX Support for this research comes from NSF grants DEB-0423476 and BCS #624159 and the Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. We would also like to thank the Parks & People Foundation, Maryland DNR Forest Service, and Jarlath O'Neil-Dunne from the University of Vermont Spatial Analysis Lab for their assistance with GIS data. We additionally thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript. Finally, we would like to thank Baltimore City's Department of Recreation & Parks for suggesting the need for this research. NR 38 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.06.005 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 354VS UT WOS:000259667800008 ER PT J AU Martin, ME Plourde, LC Ollinger, SV Smith, ML McNeil, BE AF Martin, M. E. Plourde, L. C. Ollinger, S. V. Smith, M-L McNeil, B. E. TI A generalizable method for remote sensing of canopy nitrogen across a wide range of forest ecosystems SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; AVIRIS; Hyperion; foliar nitrogen; remote sensing ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FOLIAGE-HEIGHT PROFILES; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; EDDY-COVARIANCE; CARBON EXCHANGE; CHEMISTRY; PRODUCTIVITY AB A growing number of investigations have shown that remote sensing of foliar nitrogen (N) concentration in plant canopies can be achieved with imaging spectroscopy, or hyperspectral remote sensing, from satellite or airborne sensors. Development of this approach has been fueled by recognition that foliar N is related to a variety of ecological and biogeochemical processes, ranging from the spread of invasive species to the ecosystem effects of insect defoliation events to patterns of N cycling in forest soils. To date, most studies have focused on building site-specific foliar N detection algorithms applied to individual scenes or small landscapes that have been intensively characterized with local field Measurements. However, tire growing number of well-measured sites, combined with improvements in image data quality and processing methods provide all opportunity to begin seeking more general N detection methods that can be applied to a broader range of sites or to locations that lack intensive field measurements. Here, we combine data from several independent efforts in North America, Central America and Australia, to examine whether development of calibration methods to determine canopy nitrogen concentration across a wide range of forest ecosystems is possible. The analysis included data from 137 individual field plots within eight study sites for which imagery has been acquired from NASA's Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and/or Hyperion instruments. The combined dataset was used to evaluate site-specific calibration results as well as results obtained with data pooled across all sites. We evaluated the accuracy of results using plot- and site-level cross-validation wherein individual plots or entire sites were withheld and used as air independent validation of the resulting algorithms. In instances where all sites were represented in the calibration, canopy-level foliar N concentration was predicted to within 7-15% of the mean field-measured values indicating a strong potential for broadly applied foliar N detection. When whole sites were iteratively dropped from the calibration and predicted by remaining data, predictions were still significant, but less accurate (7-47% of mean canopy-level N concentration). This suggests that further development to include a wider range of ecosystems will be necessary before cross-site prediction accuracy approaches that seen in site-specific calibrations. Nevertheless, we view these results as promising, particularly given the potential value of foliar N estimates, even at a reduced level of confidence, at sites for which there is no possibility of conducting field data collections. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, M. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Smith, M-L] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [McNeil, B. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Martin, ME (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall,39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mary.martin@unh.edu RI Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; OI Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Lepine, Lucie/0000-0003-1028-2534 FU NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program [CARBON/04-0120-0011]; NSF Biocomplexity in the Environment [0421178]; EO-1 Science Validation Team [NCC5-477]; W.M. Keck Foundation; DOE National Institute of Global Environmental Change; Hubbard Brook and Harvard Forest LTER Programs; Bartlett Experimental Forest; CSIRO FX AVIRIS and Hyperion data were collected by NASA, and provided to the authors in support of the following grants: NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program (CARBON/04-0120-0011), NSF Biocomplexity in the Environment (0421178), and EO-1 Science Validation Team (NCC5-477) and the W.M. Keck Foundation. Field data support was provided through the DOE National Institute of Global Environmental Change, the Hubbard Brook and Harvard Forest LTER Programs, the Bartlett Experimental Forest, and CSIRO. NR 56 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 9 BP 3511 EP 3519 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.04.008 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 342LD UT WOS:000258784700004 ER PT J AU Phillips, LB Hansen, AJ Flather, CH AF Phillips, Linda B. Hansen, Andrew J. Flather, Curtis H. TI Evaluating the species energy relationship with the newest measures of ecosystem energy: NDVI versus MODIS primary production SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; bird richness; breeding bird survey; ecosystem energy; EVI; GPP; MODIS; NDVI; North America; NPP; species energy relationship ID BIRD DIVERSITY GRADIENT; VEGETATION INDEX; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; RICHNESS PATTERNS; HUMAN-POPULATION; BRITISH BIRDS; SPATIAL SCALE; BIODIVERSITY; HETEROGENEITY AB Ecosystem energy has been shown to be a strong correlate with biological diversity at continental scales. Early efforts to characterize this association used the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to represent ecosystem energy. While this spectral vegetation index covaries with measures of ecosystem energy such as net primary production, the covariation is known to degrade in areas of very low vegetation or in areas of dense forest. Two of the new vegetation products from the MODIS sensor, derived by integrating spectral reflectance, climate data, and land cover, are thought to better approximate primary productivity than NDVI. In this study, we determine if the new MODIS derived measures of primary production, gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) better explain variation in bird richness than historically used NDVI. Moreover, we evaluate if the two productivity measures covary more strongly with bird diversity in those vegetation conditions where limitations of NDVI are well recognized. Biodiversity was represented as native landbird species richness derived from the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Analyses included correlation analyses among predictor variables, and univariate regression analyses between each predictor variable and bird species richness. Analyses were done at two levels: for all BBS routes across natural landscapes in North America: and for routes in 10 vegetation classes stratified by vegetated cover along a gradient from bare ground to herbaceous cover to tree cover. We found that NDVI, GPP and NPP were highly correlated and explained similar variation in bird species richness when analyzed for all samples across North America. However, when samples were stratified by vegetated cover, strength of correlation between NDVI and both productivity measures was low for samples with bare ground and for dense forest. The NDVI also explained substantially less variation in bird species richness than the primary production in areas with more bare ground and in areas of dense forest. We conclude that MODIS productivity measures have higher utility in Studies of the relationship of species richness and productivity and that MODIS GPP and NPP improve on NDVI, especially for studies with large variation in vegetated cover and density. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, Linda B.; Hansen, Andrew J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Landscape Biodivers Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Nat Resource Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Phillips, LB (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Landscape Biodivers Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM lphillips@montana.edu RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [EOS/03-0000-0668] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support for this research from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (EOS/03-0000-0668). The authors Would like to thank Dr Richard Waring for reviewing and providing very insightful and valuable feedback on earlier versions of this paper. We are also grateful for the guidance of James Nichols and John Sauer who helped us understand the importance of estimating bird richness from the US Dept. of Interior's breeding bird survey data. NR 85 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 9 BP 3538 EP 3549 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.04.012 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 342LD UT WOS:000258784700006 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Truman, CC Siragusa, G Line, E Bailey, JS Frye, J Endale, DM Franklin, DH Schomberg, HH Fisher, DS Sharpe, RR AF Jenkins, Michael B. Truman, Clint C. Siragusa, Gregory Line, Eric Bailey, J. Stan Frye, Jonathan Endale, Dinku M. Franklin, Dorcas H. Schomberg, Harry H. Fisher, Dwight S. Sharpe, Ronald R. TI Rainfall and tillage effects on transport of fecal bacteria and sex hormones 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone from broiler litter applications to a Georgia Piedmont Ultisol SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; Clostridium perfringens; Escherichia coli; fecal enterococci; runoff; Salmonella ID DEFINED SUBSTRATE TECHNOLOGY; POULTRY LITTER; SIMULATED RAINFALL; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN PIEDMONT; VARIABLE RAINFALL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CROPPING SYSTEMS AB Poultry litter provides nutrients for crop and pasture production; however, it also contains fecal bacteria, sex hormones (17 beta-estradiol and testosterone) and antibiotic residues that may contaminate surface waters. Our objective was to quantify transport of fecal bacteria, estradiol, testosterone and antibiotic residues from a Cecil sandy loam managed since 1991 under no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) to which either poultry litter (PL) or conventional fertilizer (CF) was applied based on the nitrogen needs of corn (Zea mays L) in the Southern Piedmont of NE Georgia. Simulated rainfall was applied for 60 min to 2 by 3-m field plots at a constant rate in 2004 and variable rate in 2005. Runoff was continuously measured and subsamples taken for determining flow-weighted concentrations of fecal bacteria, hormones, and antibiotic residues. Neither Salmonella, nor Campylobacter, nor antimicrobial residues were detected in litter, soil, or runoff. Differences in soil concentrations of fecal bacteria before and after rainfall simulations were observed only for Escherichia coli in the constant rainfall intensity experiment. Differences in flow-weighted concentrations were observed only for testosterone in both constant and variable intensity rainfall experiments, and were greatest for treatments that received poultry litter. Total loads of E. coli and fecal enterococci, were largest for both tillage treatments receiving poultry litter for the variable rainfall intensity. Load of testosterone was greatest for no-till plots receiving poultry litter under variable rainfall intensity. Poultry litter application rates commensurate for corn appeared to enhance only soil concentrations of E. coli, and runoff concentrations of testosterone above background levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jenkins, Michael B.; Endale, Dinku M.; Franklin, Dorcas H.; Schomberg, Harry H.; Fisher, Dwight S.; Sharpe, Ronald R.] USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Truman, Clint C.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Siragusa, Gregory; Line, Eric; Bailey, J. Stan; Frye, Jonathan] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM michael.jenkins@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES-NRI Competitive FX The authors wish to express their appreciation to project technical assistance to Shaheen Humayoun, Robin Woodroof, Stephen Norris, Anthony Dillard, Beth Barton, Johnna Garrish, Susan Mize, Ricky Fletcher, T.J. Holliday, Devin Berry, Mike Thornton, Robert Sheets, Robert Martin, Ronald Phillips, Tasha Mashburn, and Clara Parker. This study was supported in part by a grant from the USDA-CSREES-NRI Competitive Grants Program. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 403 IS 1-3 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.05.014 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352ZW UT WOS:000259536900015 PM 18571694 ER PT J AU Purdy, PH AF Purdy, P. H. TI Ubiquitination and its influence in boar sperm physiology and cryopreservation SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TUNEL; capacitation; acrosome reaction; fertility; sperm ID BOVINE SPERMATOZOA; ACROSOME REACTION; BULL SPERMATOZOA; QUALITY-CONTROL; CAPACITATION; MEMBRANES; SEMEN; INFERTILITY; FERTILITY; VIABILITY AB Recent reports document the potential use of the ubiquitin protein as an indicator of mammalian sperm quality or fertility, based on poor morphology, sperm count, and other cellular qualities. However. its influence on cellular physiologic mechanisms and boar sperm cryopreservation are unknown. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of boar sperm ubiquitination (n = 12 boars) on motility (using CASA), and flow cytometry and fluorescent probes (in parentheses) to evaluate mitochondrial activity (JC-1). plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity (PI and FITC-PNA), membrane fluidity (M540), and chromatin stability (TUNEL) for fresh and frozen-thawed samples. The effects of ubiquitination (determined flow cytometrically) on the ability of frozen-thawed boar sperm to capacitate (FLUO-3AM) and acrosome react (FITC-PNA) were also investigated using flow cytometry. Cryopreservation induced a decrease ill the percentage of sperm that were ubiquitinated from 29 to 20% (P < 0.0001), but no significant effects of ubiquitin on sperm quality (motility, membrane integrities and organization) were detected. The ability of sperm to capacitate and acrosome react was influenced by ubiquitination. Samples with more ubiquitinated boar sperm were able to maintain plasma membrane integrity (PMI) better and have fewer live acrosome-reacted cells over 120 min of induced capacitation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, frozen-thawed ubiquitinated boar sperm were better able to survive the physical stresses of induced capacitation, yet were still capable of capacitating and acrosome reacting, which may enable use of this assay for ill the vitro evaluation of the quality of boar sperm. C1 USDA ARS NCGRP, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Purdy, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS NCGRP, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM phil.purdy@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 70 IS 5 BP 818 EP 826 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.05.044 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 343XD UT WOS:000258888600010 PM 18579194 ER PT J AU Lichtenfels, JR AF Lichtenfels, J. Ralph TI Special issue: Identification keys to strongylid nematode parasites of equids - Preface SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lichtenfels, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1180,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM 2jrcgl@gmail.com NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 156 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.06.026 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 356BE UT WOS:000259752900001 PM 18692965 ER PT J AU Lichtenfels, JR Kharchenko, VA Dvojnos, GM AF Lichtenfels, J. Ralph Kharchenko, Vitaily A. Dvojnos, Grigory M. TI Illustrated identification keys to strongylid parasites (strongylidae : Nematoda) of horses, zebras and asses (Equidae) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cyathostominae; Strongylinae; taxonomy; classification; equids; parasites ID N-SP NEMATODA; EQUINE CYATHOSTOME POPULATIONS; EQUUS-BURCHELLI-ANTIQUORUM; MOUNTAIN ZEBRA; RIBOSOMAL DNA; PREVALENCE; CABALLUS; CYLICOSTEPHANUS; REDESCRIPTION; TRICHONEMA AB The Equidae (the horse, Equus caballus, the ass, Equus asinus, zebras and their hybrids) are hosts to a great variety of nematode parasites, some of which can cause significant morbidity or mortality if individual hosts are untreated. Worldwide the nematode parasites of horses belong to 7 suborders, 12 families, 29 genera and 83 species. The great majority (19 of 29 genera and 64 of 83 species) are members of the family Strongylidae, which includes the most common and pathogenic nematode parasites of horses. Only the Strongylidae are included in this treatise. The Strongylidae (common name strongylids) of horses - nematodes with a well-developed buccal capsule, a mouth collar with two leaf-crowns, and a strongyloid (common name of superfamily Strongyloidea) copulatory bursa - can be separated into two subfamilies: Strongylinae (common name strongylins), usually large or medium-sized with a globular or funnel-shaped buccal capsule; and Cyathostominac (common name cyathostomins), usually small to medium-sized with a cylindrical buccal capsule. The increased attention to strongylid nematode parasites of horses has resulted in the need for updated diagnostic keys to these parasites using readily recognizable characters and the most recent literature on their systematics. Because the cyathostomins have been historically difficult to identify, and because they have emerged as the most significant nematode pathogens of horses, we provide a brief nomenclatural and taxonomic history and an introduction to the morphology of this group. This treatise is intended to serve as a basic working tool-providing easy identifications to genus and species of adult strongylid nematodes of equids. All strongylid nematodes normally parasitic in horses, the ass (and their hybrids), and zebras are included. The keys are illustrated with line drawings and halftone photomicrographs of each species. A short discussion of the systematics of the genus and species is Geographic distribution, prevalence, and location in host are also given for each species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lichtenfels, J. Ralph] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kharchenko, Vitaily A.; Dvojnos, Grigory M.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, II Schmalhausen Inst Zool, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Lichtenfels, JR (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rlichten@anri.barc.usda.gov; vit@izan.kiev.ua RI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/F-2426-2010 OI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/0000-0002-3824-2078 FU U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation for the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union [UPI-2423-KV-02] FX This work would not have been possible without the long-term support of the host institutions of the authors, Major supporting roles by others at those institutions include Patricia A. Pilitt and Eric P. Hoberg at the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and, Tatiana Kuzmina and Yuriy Kuzmin at the I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.; The research described in this publication was made possible, in part, by a research grant, UPI-2423-KV-02 from the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation for the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union.; The results presented herein represent, in part, the efforts of the many participants at three workshops on the systematics of the Cyathostominea at meetings of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology in 1997, 1999 and 2001 (see Lichtenfels et al., 2002). We thank especially R.C. Krecek, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies and L.M. Gibbons, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, for leadership roles and research contributions that significantly advanced the objectives of the workshops. In addition to the WAAVP, the workshops were supported by Hoechst-Roussel Vet; Merck & Company, Merial Division; Pfizer Corporation, Central Research Division; and, The Brayton H. Ransom Memorial Trust Fund.; Specimens were provided by Patricia Pilitt, U.S. National Parasite Collection; Eileen Harris, The Natural History Museum, London; Jimmy Cassone and M.-C. Durette-Desset, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; R.C. (Tammi) Krecek, Sonja Matthee and Joop D.F. Boomker, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort; Thomas R. Klei. Betty J. Torbert and Melanie R. Chapman, Louisiana State University; Maarten Eysker, University of Utrecht; Eugene T. Lyons, University of Kentucky; Ian Beveridge and G.-C. Hung, University of Melbourne; Jacqueline B. Matthews, Aiobhinn McDonnell, Sandy Love and Jane E. Hodgkinson, University of Glasgow; Jesper Monrad and Christian Sommer, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark: Marta Braun, University of Buenos Aires; Eva Osterman Lind, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden; M. Ito, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan.; We thank Luping Zhang. Hebei Normal University, Shijazhuang, P.R. China for providing English translations of important Chinese literature. NR 175 TC 70 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 156 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 4 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.026 PG 158 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 356BE UT WOS:000259752900002 PM 18603375 ER PT J AU Manfre, AJ Simon, AE AF Manfre, Alicia J. Simon, Anne E. TI Importance of coat protein and RNA silencing in satellite RNA/virus interactions SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Turnip crinkle virus; RNA silencing suppression; satellite RNAs ID TURNIP CRINKLE VIRUS; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SYMPTOM ATTENUATION; VIRAL SUPPRESSORS; INTERFERING RNAS; INITIATION STEP; HOST GENES; MODULATION; RESISTANCE AB RNA silencing is a major defense mechanism plants use to fight an invading virus. The silencing Suppressor of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) is the viral coat protein (CP), which obstructs the DCL2/DCL4 silencing pathway. TCV is associated with a virulent satellite RNA (satC) that represses the accumulation of TCV genomic RNA and whose accumulation is repressed by the TCV CP. To investigate if reduced TCV accumulation due to satC involves RNA silencing and/or the suppressor activity of the CP, TCV was altered to contain a mutation reported to target CP silencing suppressor activity (Deleris et al., Science 313, 68, 2006). However, the mutation did not cause an exclusive defect in silencing suppression, but rather produced a generally non-functional protein. We demonstrate that a functional CP, but not DCL2/DCL4, is required for satC-mediated repression of TCV. In addition, enhancement of satC accumulation in the absence of a functional CP requires DCL2/DCL4. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved C1 [Simon, Anne E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Manfre, Alicia J.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Simon, AE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM simona@umd.edu FU National Sciences Foundation [MCB-0615154]; NIH Institutional Training [T32-AI51967-01] FX We would like to thank J. Carrington for the kind gift of dcl2/dcl4 seeds. This work was supported by a grant from the National Sciences Foundation (MCB-0615154) to A.E.S. A. M. was Supported by NIH Institutional Training Grant T32-AI51967-01. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 379 IS 1 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.06.011 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 346WS UT WOS:000259100900018 PM 18639914 ER PT J AU Shields, CA Band, LE Law, N Groffman, PM Kaushal, SS Savvas, K Fisher, GT Belt, KT AF Shields, Catherine A. Band, Lawrence E. Law, Neely Groffman, Peter M. Kaushal, Sujay S. Savvas, Katerina Fisher, Gary T. Belt, Kenneth T. TI Streamflow distribution of non-point source nitrogen export from urban-rural catchments in the Chesapeake Bay watershed SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; NUTRIENT DISCHARGES; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE-N; RIVER; HYDROLOGISTS; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS; RETENTION; DYNAMICS AB Nitrogen (N) export from urban and urbanizing watersheds is a major contributor to water quality degradation and eutrophication of receiving water bodies. Methods to reduce N exports using best management practices (BMP) have targeted both source reduction and hydrologic flow path retention. Stream restoration is a BMP targeted to multiple purposes but includes increasing flow path retention to improve water quality. As restorations are typically most effective at lower discharge rates with longer residence times, distribution of N load by stream discharge is a significant influence on catchment nitrogen retention. We explore impacts of urbanization on magnitude and export flow distribution of nitrogen along an urban-rural gradient in a set of catchments studied by the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES). We test the hypotheses that N export magnitude increases and cumulative N export shifts to higher, less frequent discharge with catchment urbanization. We find that increasing development in watersheds is associated with shifts in nitrogen export toward higher discharge, while total magnitude of export does not show as strong a trend. Forested reference, low-density suburban, and agricultural catchments export most of the total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) loads at relatively low flows. More urbanized sites export TN and NO(3)-at higher and less frequent flows. The greatest annual loads of nitrogen are from less developed agricultural and low-density residential (suburban/exurban) areas; the latter is the most rapidly growing land use in expanding metropolitan areas. A simple statistical model relating export distribution metrics to impervious surface area is then used to extrapolate parameters of the N export distribution across the Gwynns Falls watershed in Baltimore County. This spatial extrapolation has potential applications as a tool for predictive mapping of variations in export distribution and targeting stream channel restoration efforts at the watershed scale. C1 [Shields, Catherine A.; Band, Lawrence E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Belt, Kenneth T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Syracuse, NY USA. [Fisher, Gary T.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Law, Neely] Ctr Watershed Protect, Ellicottville, MD 21043 USA. [Savvas, Katerina] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Shields, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cshields@bren.ucsb.edu RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013 OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189 FU Baltimore Ecosystem Study Project, National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research program [DEB 9714835]; EPA-NSF joint program in Water and Watersheds [GAD R825792]; Merit Assistantship from the Graduate School; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX This research is supported by the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Project, National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research program, grant DEB 9714835, and by the EPA-NSF joint program in Water and Watersheds, project GAD R825792. We thank the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station for site management and in kind services to the BES. In addition we thank the University of Maryland Baltimore County for their contribution to office and laboratory space at the Research Technology Center on their campus. The city of Baltimore Department of Parks and Recreation and Department of Public Works, the Baltimore County Department of Parks, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, and the McDonogh School all kindly provide access or management of land used by the Baltimore Ecosystem Study for ecological, hydrological, and meteorological field studies. Additional support and assistance have been provided by agencies, communities, and individuals who are specifically acknowledged in the data sets and publications summarizing work the facilitated. This research was also supported by a Merit Assistantship from the Graduate School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. We thank Douglas Burns and two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. NR 39 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 8 U2 58 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 11 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 9 AR W09416 DI 10.1029/2007WR006360 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 348JG UT WOS:000259206200003 ER PT J AU Harris, NL Hall, CAS Lugo, AE AF Harris, Nancy L. Hall, Charles A. S. Lugo, Ariel E. TI Estimates of species- and ecosystem-level respiration of woody stems along an elevational gradient in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE model; scaling; ecosystem; Luquillo Experimental Forest; gas exchange; carbon ID MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; CONTRASTING CLIMATES; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SOIL RESPIRATION; FOREST STRUCTURE; GROWTH; PINE; MODEL; CARBON; TRANSPIRATION AB We measured CO(2) efflux from stems of seven subtropical tree species situated along an elevational gradient in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico and scaled these measurements up to the landscape level based on modeled and empirical relations. The most important determinants of ecosystem stem respiration were species composition and stem temperature. At a species scale, measured CO(2) efflux per unit bole surface area at a given temperature was highest in the early successional species Cecropia schreberiana and lowest in species that inhabit high elevations such as Micropholis garciniifolia and Tabebuia rigida. Carbon dioxide efflux rates followed a diel pattern that lagged approximately 6 h behind changes in sapwood temperatures. At an ecosystem scale, our simulation model indicates a decreasing trend of stem respiration rates with increasing elevation due to shifts in species composition, lower temperatures and reductions in branch surface area. The highest estimated stem respiration rates were present in the lowland tabonuco forest type and the lowest rates were present in the elfin forest type (mean 7.4 and 2.1 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively). There was slight temperature-induced seasonal variation in simulated stem respiration rates at low elevations, with a maximum difference of 19% between the months of February and July. our results coincide well with those of Odum and Jordan [Odum, H.T., Jordan, C.F., 1970. Metabolism and evapotranspiration of the lower forest in a giant plastic cylinder. In: Odum, H.T., Pigeon, R.F. (Eds.), A Tropical Rain Forest: A Study of Irradiation and Ecology at El Verde, Puerto Rico. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge, TN, pp. 1165-1189] for the tabonuco forest type and extend their work by presenting estimates and spatial patterns of woody tissue respiration for the entire mountain rather than for a single forested plot. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harris, Nancy L.; Hall, Charles A. S.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Lugo, Ariel E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Harris, NL (reprint author), Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Ecosyst Serv Unit, 1621 N Kent St, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM nharris@winrock.org; chall@esf.edu; alugo@fs.fed.us FU NSF [BSR-8811902, DEB 9411973, DEB 0080538, DEB 0218039]; U.S. Forest Service (Department of Agriculture); University of Puerto Rico; USDA Forest Service [37423, 28909]; University of California Berkeley/USDA CSREES [24688] FX This research was supported by grants BSR-8811902, DEB 9411973, DEB 008038, and DEB 0218039 from NSF to the Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, and to the International Institute of Tropical Forestry USDA Forest Service, as part of the Long-Term Ecological Research Program in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. The U.S. Forest Service (Department of Agriculture) and the University of Puerto Rico gave additional support. Additional funding was provided to NLH by grants from the USDA Forest Service (#37423, #28909) and the University of California Berkeley/USDA CSREES (#24688). Special thanks to Oscar Abelleira Martinez for assistance in the field. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 216 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.008 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 339DD UT WOS:000258557400001 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE AF Desjardins, Anne E. TI Natural product chemistry meets genetics: When is a genotype a chemotype? SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chemotype; natural product; trichothecene; genotype; PCR; TRI gene ID PLANT SECONDARY METABOLISM; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; GRAMINEARUM; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENES; DEOXYNIVALENOL; NIVALENOL; PCR; DIVERSITY AB The chemotype of a microbial or plant species has traditionally been defined as its profile of natural products, and the genotype has been defined as its genetic constitution or DNA sequence. The purpose of this perspective is to discuss applications of DNA genotyping, particularly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplification methods, to predicting natural product chemotypes of fungi and plants of importance in food and agriculture. Development of PCR genotyping for predicting chemotypes will require collaboration between molecular biologists and natural product chemists, as well as community standards for reporting data. PCR genotyping should be validated by chemical analysis of individuals that represent the allelic diversity of the target gene in the population. To avoid misinterpretation, it is critical to differentiate data obtained by genotyping from data obtained by chemical analysis. The obvious and appropriate solution is to retain the established meanings of genotype and chemotype, both of which have been in use for half a century in the fields of genetics and natural product chemistry. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM anne.desjardins@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 17 BP 7587 EP 7592 DI 10.1021/jf801239j PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 344OU UT WOS:000258938000001 PM 18690691 ER PT J AU Sirk, TW Brown, EF Sum, AK Friedman, M AF Sirk, Timothy W. Brown, Eugene F. Sum, Amadeu K. Friedman, Mendel TI Molecular dynamics study on the biophysical interactions of seven green tea catechins with lipid bilayers of cell membranes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tea catechins; hydrogen bond; surface binding; molecular dynamics ID FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; COOKED PORK PATTIES; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; BEEF PATTIES; EXTRACTS; ANTIOXIDANT; THEAFLAVINS; POLYPHENOLS; DERIVATIVES AB Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the interactions of bioactive catechins (flavonoids) commonly found in green tea with lipid bilayers, as a model for cell membranes. Previously, multiple experimental studies rationalized catechin's anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, and other beneficial effects in terms of physicochemical molecular interactions with the cell membranes. To contribute toward understanding the molecular role of catechins on the structure of cell membranes, we present simulation results for seven green tea catechins in lipid bilayer systems representative of HepG2 cancer cells. Our simulations show that the seven tea catechins evaluated have a strong affinity for the lipid bilayer via hydrogen bonding to the bilayer surface, with some of the smaller catechins able to penetrate underneath the surface. Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) showed the strongest interaction with the lipid bilayer based on the number of hydrogen bonds formed with lipid headgroups. The simulations also provide insight into the functional characteristics of the catechins that distinguish them as effective compounds to potentially alter the lipid bilayer properties. The results on the hydrogen-bonding effects, described here for the first time, may contribute to a better understanding of proposed multiple molecular mechanisms of the action of catechins in microorganisms, cancer cells, and tissues. C1 [Sum, Amadeu K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sirk, Timothy W.; Brown, Eugene F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Sum, AK (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM asum@mines.edu RI Sum, Amadeu/B-1103-2009; OI Sum, Amadeu/0000-0003-1903-4537; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU Virginia Tech College of Engineering Dean's Graduate Teaching FX T.W.S. acknowledges the financial support provided by the Virginia Tech College of Engineering Dean's Graduate Teaching Fellowship. NR 51 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 17 BP 7750 EP 7758 DI 10.1021/jf8013298 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 344OU UT WOS:000258938000026 PM 18672886 ER PT J AU Greene, JL Sanders, TH Drake, MA AF Greene, Jeffrey L. Sanders, Timothy H. Drake, Mary Anne TI Characterization of volatile compounds contributing to naturally occurring fruity fermented flavor in peanuts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE peanuts; fruity fermented; off-flavor; sensory analysis; GC-O; instrumental analysis ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY-OLFACTOMETRY; EXTRACT DILUTION ANALYSIS; ROASTED PEANUTS; CURING TEMPERATURE; DESCRIPTIVE FLAVOR; POTENT ODORANTS; COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION; FRACTION; MATURITY AB Published research has indicated that ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 2-methybutanaote, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, hexanoic acid, butanoic acid, and 3-methylbutanoic acid are responsible for fruity fermented (FF) off-flavor; however, these compounds were identified in samples that were artificially created by curing immature peanuts at a constant high temperature. The objective of this study was to characterize the volatile compounds contributing to naturally occurring FF off-flavor. Volatile compounds of naturally occurring FF and no-FF samples were characterized using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE), solid phase microextraction (SPME), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) identified 12 potent aroma active compounds, none of which were the previously identified esters, with no consistent differences among the aroma active compounds in no-FF and FF samples. Hexanoic acid alone was identified in the naturally occurring FF sample using the SAFE GC-MS methodology, whereas two of the three previously identified esters were identified in natural and artificially created samples. The same two esters were confirmed by SPME GC-MS in natural and artificially created samples. This study demonstrated the need for caution in the direct application of data from artificially created samples until those compounds are verified in natural samples. However, these results suggest that a laboratory method using SPME-GC techniques could be developed and correlated on an ester concentration versus FF intensity basis to provide an alternative to sensory analysis for detection of FF off-flavor in peanut lots. C1 [Sanders, Timothy H.] N Carolina State Univ, MQHRU, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Greene, Jeffrey L.; Drake, Mary Anne] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, MQHRU, ARS, USDA, 236 Schaub Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim.sanders@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 17 BP 8096 EP 8102 DI 10.1021/jf800450k PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 344OU UT WOS:000258938000076 PM 18686969 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Chen, P Harnly, JM AF Lin, Long-Ze Chen, Pei Harnly, James M. TI New phenolic components and chromatographic profiles of green and fermented teas SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tea; Camellia sinensis and varieties; flavonoids; phenolic acid derivatives; LC-DAD-ESI/MS; phenolic component profiles ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BLACK TEA; PURINE ALKALOIDS; POTENT ODORANTS; PU-ERH; CATECHINS; IDENTIFICATION; HPLC; SEPARATION AB A standardized profiling method based on liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (LC-DAD-ESI/MS) was applied to establish the phenolic profiles of 41 green teas and 25 fermented teas. More than 96 phenolic compounds were identified that allowed the teas to be organized into five groups. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was the major phenolic component of green tea made from mature leaves (group 2), while green tea made from the younger buds and leaves (group 1) contained lower flavonoid concentrations. Partially fermented teas (group 3) contained one-half the EGCG content of the green tea. Fully fermented black teas (group 4) had a trace of EGCG, but contained theaflavins. Highly overfermented black tea (group 5) contained only trace amounts of flavonol glycosides and theaflavins. Over 30 phenolics are new for tea, and this is the first phenolic profile to simultaneously detect C- and O-glycosylated flavonoids, catechins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acid derivatives, and purine alkaloids. C1 [Lin, Long-Ze; Chen, Pei; Harnly, James M.] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 161,BARC E,103000 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM longze.lin@ars.usda.gov FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 51 TC 101 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 17 BP 8130 EP 8140 DI 10.1021/jf800986s PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 344OU UT WOS:000258938000080 PM 18686968 ER PT J AU Ullah, AHJ Sethumadhavan, K Mullaney, EJ AF Ullah, Abul H. J. Sethumadhavan, Kandan Mullaney, Edward J. TI Unfolding and refolding of Aspergillus niger PhyB phytase: Role of disulfide bridges SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phytase; HAP; unfolding; refolding; guanidinium chloride ID ACID-PHOSPHATASE; FICUUM; PURIFICATION; PROFILE AB The role of disulfide bridges in the folding of Aspergillus niger phytase pH 2.5-optimum (PhyB) was investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Guanidinium chloride (GuCl) at 1.0 M unfolded phytase; however, its removal by dialysis refolded the protein. The thiol reagent tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) reduces the refolding activity by 68%. The hydrodynamic radius (R-H) of PhyB phytase decreased from 5.5 to 4.14 nm when the protein was subjected to 1.0 M GuCl concentration. The active homodimer, 183 kDa, was reduced to a 92 kDa monomer. The DLS data taken together with activity measurements could indicate whether refolding took place or not in PhyB phytase. The correlation between molecular mass and the state of unfolding and refolding is a very strong one in fungal phytase belonging to histidine acid phosphatase (HAP). Unlike PhyA phytase, for which sodium chloride treatment boosted the activity at 0.5 M salt concentration, PhyB phytase activity was severely inhibited under identical condition. Thus, PhyA and PhyB phytases are structurally very different, and their chemical environment in the active site and substrate-binding domain may be different to elicit such an opposite reaction to monovalent cations. C1 [Ullah, Abul H. J.; Sethumadhavan, Kandan; Mullaney, Edward J.] ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ullah, AHJ (reprint author), ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM abul.ullah@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 17 BP 8179 EP 8183 DI 10.1021/jf8013712 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 344OU UT WOS:000258938000086 PM 18683944 ER PT J AU Katav, T Liu, L Traitel, T Goldbart, R Wolfson, M Kost, J AF Katav, Tali Liu, LinShu Traitel, Tamar Goldbart, Riki Wolfson, Marina Kost, Joseph TI Modified pectin-based carrier for gene delivery: Cellular barriers in gene delivery course SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article DE non-viral gene delivery; pectin; cellular barriers; cancer; targeted gene delivery ID IN-VITRO; TRANSFECTION EFFICIENCY; PLASMID DELIVERY; DRUG-DELIVERY; CITRUS PECTIN; CHITOSAN; CELLS; COMPLEXES; VIVO; VECTOR AB The use of polysaccharides as DNA carriers has high potential for gene therapy applications. Pectin is a structural plant polysaccharide heterogeneous with respect to its chemical structure. It contains branches rich in galactose residues which serve as potential ligands for membrane receptors interaction. In order to make the anionic pectin applicable for DNA complexation, it was modified with three different amine groups (cationic). Pectin-NH2 was prepared by modifying the galacturonic acids carboxyl groups with primary amine groups and further modified to generate pectin-T (T=N+ H(CH3)(2)) and pectin-NH2-Q (Q=N+(CH3)(3)). All three modified pectins formed complexes with plasmid DNA as indicated by gel electrophoresis analysis. The size and morphology of pectin-NH2/DNA complexes were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Transfection experiments were carried out with human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK293). using plasmid DNA encoding for green fluorescence protein (GFP). Transfection efficiency was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis, using FACS. Pectin-NH2-Q was the most efficient carrier. Addition of chloroquine ("tysosomotropic" agent) to transfection medium substantially enhanced the HEK293 transfection, indicating that endocytosis is the preferable internalization pathway and implies on the complex inability to escape the endosome. Pectin's galactose residues contribution to transfection was examined by inhibiting pectin binding to membrane receptors (galectins), using galactose and lactose as competitive inhibitors to this interaction. Resulting reduction of transfection efficiency demonstrated the importance of pectin's galactose residues to HEK293 transfection. Suggesting the modified pectin is a promising non-viral carrier for targeted gene delivery to cancer cells with galactose-binding lectins on their surface. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Katav, Tali; Traitel, Tamar; Goldbart, Riki; Kost, Joseph] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Liu, LinShu] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Wolfson, Marina] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Kost, J (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM kost@bgu.ac.il NR 50 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 2 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.06.002 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 351IW UT WOS:000259419000014 PM 18585414 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Mitchell, RM Smith, RL Van Kessel, JS Chapagain, PP Schukken, YH Grohn, YT AF Lu, Z. Mitchell, R. M. Smith, R. L. Van Kessel, J. S. Chapagain, P. P. Schukken, Y. H. Grohn, Y. T. TI The importance of culling in Johne's disease control SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Johne's disease; culling; test sensitivity; phase diagram; basic reproduction ratio ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; COMMERCIAL DAIRY HERDS; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; CROHNS-DISEASE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SIMULATION-MODEL; CONTROL PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; CATTLE; ELISA AB Johne's disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection and results in economic losses in the dairy industry. To control MAP transmission in herds, test-based culling has been recommended and immediate culling of high shedding animals is typically implemented. In this study, we quantified the effects of MAP control in US dairy herds, using the basic reproduction ratio R-0. The effectiveness of culling strategies was evaluated for good and poor herd management (low- and high-transmission rates, respectively) by a phase diagram approach. To establish a quantitative relationship between culling rates and test properties, we defined the average detection times for low and high shedding animals. The effects of various culling strategies and test characteristics, such as test sensitivity, test turnaround time, and testing interval, were analyzed. To understand the overall effect of model parameters on R-0, we performed global uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. We also evaluated the effectiveness of culling only high shedding animals by comparing three test methods (fecal culture, fecal polymerase chain reaction, PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA). Our study shows that, in the case of good herd management, culling of only high shedding animals may be effective in controlling MAP transmission. However, in the case of poor management, in addition to immediate culling of high shedding animals, culling of low shedding animals (based on the fecal culture test) will be necessary. Culling of low shedding animals may be delayed 6-12 months, however, if a shorter testing interval is applied. This study suggests that if farmers prefer culling only high shedding animals, faster MAP detection tests (such as the fecal PCR and ELISA) of higher sensitivity should be applied with high testing frequency, particularly on farms with poor management. Culling of infectious animals with a longer testing interval is generally not effective to control MAP. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. Ail rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Z.; Mitchell, R. M.; Smith, R. L.; Chapagain, P. P.; Schukken, Y. H.; Grohn, Y. T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Van Kessel, J. S.] ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Chapagain, P. P.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM zl73@cornell.edu RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008; OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194; Smith, Rebecca/0000-0002-8343-794X NR 42 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD SEP 7 PY 2008 VL 254 IS 1 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.05.008 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 344OW UT WOS:000258938200015 PM 18573505 ER PT J AU Zhang, LH Wang, X Stoltenberg, M Danscher, G Huang, LP Wang, ZY AF Zhang, Li-Hong Wang, Xin Stoltenberg, Meredin Danscher, Gorm Huang, Liping Wang, Zhan-You TI Abundant expression of zinc transporters in the amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease brain SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE autometallography; beta-amyloid peptide; human brain; immunofluorescence; senile plaque ID MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; HISTOCHEMICALLY-REACTIVE ZINC; APP TRANSGENIC MICE; A-BETA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MOUSE-BRAIN; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; CONFERS RESISTANCE; SYNAPTIC VESICLES AB The pathological key features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are beta-amyloid peptide (A beta)-containing senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles. Previous studies have suggested that an extracellular elevation of the zinc concentration can initiate the deposition of A beta and lead to the formation of SP. In the present study, we present data showing a correlation between zinc ions, zinc transporters (ZNTs) and AD, using immersion auto metallography (AMG) and double immunofluorescence for the ZNTs and A beta. We found that all the ZNTs tested (ZNT1, 3,4,5,6, 7) were extensively present in the A beta-positive plaques in the cortex of human AD brains, and the density of autometallographic silver enhanced zinc-sulphur nanoparticles were much higher in the plaques than in the surrounding zinc enriched (ZEN) terminals. Moreover, we found an abundant expression of ZNT3 and autometallographic grains in the amyloid angiopathic vessels. The subcellular localization of ZNTs and zinc ions were not detected, due to the limited tissue preservation in the present study. In conclusion, our data provided significant morphological evidence of zinc ions and ZNTs being actively involved in the pathological processes that lead to plaque formation. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Li-Hong; Wang, Xin; Wang, Zhan-You] China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Li-Hong] Liaoning Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110032, Peoples R China. [Stoltenberg, Meredin; Danscher, Gorm] Univ Aarhus, Inst Anat, Dept Neurobiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr & Rowe Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wang, ZY (reprint author), China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. EM redstone_1992@hotmail.com; wangxinl808@hotmail.com; ms@neuro.au.dk; gd@neuro.au.dk; lhuang@whnrc.usda.gov; wangzy@mail.cmu.edu.cn FU Natural Science Foundation of China [30670722, 30770680]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-04-0288]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2005037008]; Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education [SRFDP-20060159001]; United States Department of Agriculture [CRIS-5603-515-30-014-OOD]; Augustinus Foundation; Aarhus University Research Foundation; Aase & Ejnar Danielsens Fund; Danish Medical Association Research Fund; Beckett Foundation; Lundbeck Foundation of Denmark FX We thank Dr. J.C. Troncoso for kindly providing the human AD brain specimens. We thank Dr. W.F. Silverman and Dr. R.D. Palmiter for kindly providing ZNT1 and ZNT3 antibodies, respectively. The study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (30670722, 30770680), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-04-0288), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2005037008), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP-20060159001), the United States Department of Agriculture (CRIS-5603-515-30-014-OOD), the Augustinus Foundation, the Aarhus University Research Foundation, Aase & Ejnar Danielsens Fund, the Danish Medical Association Research Fund (Boet efter Johanne Dorthe Due), the Beckett Foundation, and the Lundbeck Foundation of Denmark. NR 79 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD SEP 5 PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.03.014 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 338EK UT WOS:000258488300009 PM 18639746 ER PT J AU Chanbang, Y Arthur, FH Wilde, GE Throne, JE Subramanyam, B AF Chanbang, Y. Arthur, F. H. Wilde, G. E. Throne, J. E. Subramanyam, Bh. TI Susceptibility of eggs and adult fecundity of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, exposed to methoprene SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE protectant; neonates; IGR ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; F COLEOPTERA; MAIZE; BOSTRICHIDAE; EFFICACY; CURCULIONIDAE; COMBINATION; HYDROPRENE; WHEAT AB A series of tests were conducted to determine the susceptibility of eggs and neonates of the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae = Bostrychidae), exposed to the insect growth regulator, methoprene, on filter paper and on rough rice. In the first test, the hatch rate of eggs exposed on filter paper treated with methoprene at the label rate of 0.003 mg [AI] / cm(2) when used as a surface treatment in structures was 52.0 +/- 7.3% compared to 93.0 +/- 3.3% on untreated controls. In the second test, eggs were exposed to a dose-response series of 0.00003 to 0.03 mg[AI]/ cm(2). Egg hatch was directly proportional to concentration and ranged from 85.0 +/- 2.0% on untreated controls to 26.7 +/- 8.3% at the highest concentration tested. In the third test, 1 ppm of methoprene was sprayed on long grain rough rice (paddy) (Cocodrie variety), and then individual kernels were cracked and an egg of R. dominica was placed directly on the kernel. On untreated rice kernels, 67.5 +/- 11.6% of the eggs hatched and were able to bore inside, and all of these larvae emerged as adults. In contrast, 40.0 +/- 5.3% of the eggs placed on treated cracked kernels were able to develop to where the larvae were visible through X-ray detection, but none emerged as adults. In the final test, newly-emerged adults were exposed on rough rice treated with 1 ppm methoprene. The number of eggs from adults on untreated rice was 52.1 +/- 4.3 eggs per female, and on treated rice the average egg production was 12.5 +/- 1.1 eggs per female. Methoprene applied on a surface or on rough rice affected development of egg hatch also reduced fecundity of parent adults exposed on the treated rough rice. C1 [Chanbang, Y.] Chiang Mai Univ, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. [Arthur, F. H.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Wilde, G. E.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Throne, J. E.; Subramanyam, Bh.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@gmprc.ksu.edu FU ostgraduate Education and Research Development Project, Postharvest Technology Institute, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; CSREES-RAMP [00-511-01-9674]; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas [07-13-J] FX This work was funded under the Postgraduate Education and Research Development Project, Postharvest Technology Institute, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, and CSREES-RAMP grant No. 00-511-01-9674, Kansas State University, KS, U. S. A. This paper is contribution no. 07-13-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas. The authors also thank R. Mahroof, R. Hollingsworth, and J. Whitworth for reviewing this manuscript prior to journal submission. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD SEP 5 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 48 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 348WI UT WOS:000259240400001 ER PT J AU Howe, D Costanzo, M Fey, P Gojobori, T Hannick, L Hide, W Hill, DP Kania, R Schaeffer, M St Pierre, S Twigger, S White, O Rhee, SY AF Howe, Doug Costanzo, Maria Fey, Petra Gojobori, Takashi Hannick, Linda Hide, Winston Hill, David P. Kania, Renate Schaeffer, Mary St Pierre, Susan Twigger, Simon White, Owen Rhee, Seung Yon TI Big data: The future of biocuration SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MINIMUM INFORMATION; SPECIFICATION C1 [Howe, Doug] Univ Oregon 5291, Zebrafish Informat Network, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Costanzo, Maria] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Fey, Petra] Northwestern Univ, Biomed Informat Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Gojobori, Takashi] Res Org Informat & Syst, Ctr Informat Biol, Natl Inst Genet, Mishima, Shizuoka 4118540, Japan. [Gojobori, Takashi] Res Org Informat & Syst, DNA Data Bank Japan, Natl Inst Genet, Mishima, Shizuoka 4118540, Japan. [Hannick, Linda] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Hide, Winston] Univ Western Cape, S African Natl Bioinformat Inst, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Hide, Winston] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hill, David P.] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Kania, Renate] EML Res GmbH, Sci Databases & Visualizat, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany. [Schaeffer, Mary] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Schaeffer, Mary] USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Cultural Res Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [St Pierre, Susan] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Twigger, Simon] Med Coll Wisconsin, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [White, Owen] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Rhee, Seung Yon] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Howe, D (reprint author), Univ Oregon 5291, Zebrafish Informat Network, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM dhowe@cs.uoregon.edu; rhee@acoma.stanford.edu RI Hide, Winston Hide/C-7217-2009; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Fey, Petra/O-5977-2015; OI Hide, Winston Hide/0000-0002-8621-3271; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Fey, Petra/0000-0002-4532-2703; Hannick, Linda/0000-0002-8018-8466; Howe, Douglas/0000-0001-5831-7439 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [P41 HG002659, P41 HG002659-07] NR 18 TC 297 Z9 326 U1 38 U2 572 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 455 IS 7209 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1038/455047a PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 343XS UT WOS:000258890200034 PM 18769432 ER PT J AU White, JW Hoogenboom, G Stackhouse, PW Hoell, JM AF White, Jeffrey W. Hoogenboom, Gerrit Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. Hoell, James M. TI Evaluation of NASA satellite- and assimilation model-derived long-term daily temperature data over the continental US SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE phenology; Triticum aestivum; decision support systems ID STATIONS; WHEAT; TIME; BIAS AB Agricultural research increasingly is expected to provide precise, quantitative information with an explicit geographic coverage. Limited availability of daily meteorological records often constrains efforts to provide such information through use of simulation models, spatial analysis, and related decision support tools. The Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources (NASA/POWER) project at the NASA Langley Research Center provides daily data globally for maximum and minimum temperatures and other weather variables on a 1 degrees latitude-longitude grid. The data are assembled from a range of products derived from satellite imagery, ground observations, windsondes, modeling and data assimilation. Daily temperature data from NASA/POWER for 1983 to 2004 for the continental US were compared with data of 855 individual ground stations from the National Weather Service Cooperative observer Program (COOP). Additionally, a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) simulation model was used to compare predicted time to anthesis using the two data sources. Comparisons of daily maximum temperatures (T(max)) gave an r(2)-value of 0.88 (P < 0.001) and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 4.1 degrees C. For minimum temperature (T(min)), the r(2)-value was 0.88 (P < 0.001) and RMSE, 3.7 degrees C. Mean values of T(max), and T(min) from NASA/POWER were, respectively, 2.4 degrees C cooler and 1.1 degrees C warmer than the COOP data. Differences in temperature were least during summer months. When data were aggregated over periods of 8 days or more, the RMSE values declined to below 2.7 degrees C for T(max) and T(min). Simulations of time to anthesis with the two data sources were also strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.92, P < 0.001, RMSE = 14.5 d). Anthesis dates of winter wheat regions showed better agreement than southern, winter-grown spring wheat regions. The differences between the data sources were associated with differences in elevation, which in large part resulted from NASA/POWER data being based on mean elevations over a 1 degrees grid cells vs. COOP data corresponding to the elevation of specific stations. Additional sources of variation might include proximity to coastlines and differences in observation time, although these factors were not quantified. Overall, if mountainous and coastal regions are excluded, the NASA/POWER data appeared promising as a source of continuous daily temperature data for the USA for research and management applications concerned with scales appropriate to the 1 degrees coordinate grid. It further appeared that the POWER data could be improved by adjusting for elevation (lapse rate) effects, reducing seasonal bias, and refining estimation of actual maximum and minimum temperatures in diurnal cycles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Jeffrey W.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Hoogenboom, Gerrit] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Hoell, James M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM jeffrey.white@ars.usda.gov RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 FU NASA's Applied Science Rapid Prototype program; NASA Langley Research Center [NN07AAOOC]; Science Systems and Applications, Inc; US Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) FX We acknowledge the valuable assistance of Belinda Wernau in processing of the NOAA data. Portions of this work were funded by a grant from the NASA's Applied Science Rapid Prototype program through the NASA Langley Research Center under Contract NN07AAOOC with Science Systems and Applications, Inc. and a Special Research Grant from the US Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES). NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 10 BP 1574 EP 1584 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.05.017 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 355BL UT WOS:000259683600017 ER PT J AU Dennis, DS Barnes, JK Knutson, L AF Dennis, D. Steve Barnes, Jeffrey K. Knutson, Lloyd TI Pupal cases of nearctic robber flies (Diptera : Asilidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE pupal cases; Nearctic; Andrenosoma; Apachekolos; Asilus; Ceraturgus; Comantella; Cyrtopogon; Dioctria; Diogmites; Efferia; Heteropogon; Lampria; Laphria; Laphystia; Lasiopogon; Leptogaster; Machimus; Mallophora; Megaphorus; Neoitamus; Neomochtherus; Ommatius; Proctacanthella; Proctacanthus; Promachus; Stenopogon; Triorla; Asilus lecythus ID SOUTH-AFRICA DIPTERA; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; WYOMING DIPTERA; IMMATURE STAGES; NORTH-AMERICA; ETHOLOGY; GENUS; OVIPOSITION; MARYLAND; BIOLOGY AB The literature on robber fly pupae published primarily since 1972 is reviewed. Terminology used in morphological descriptions of pupal cases is compared and standardized, and some new terminology is used. A general description of asilid pupal cases is presented. Diagnostically useful characters are identified, and a consistent format for descriptions is presented. Pupal cases of 24 species are described for the first time, those of 13 species are redescribed, and additional comments are made on the pupal cases of 12 other species. Keys to species, genera, and higher categories are presented. Asilus lecythus Walker is transferred to the genus Machimus (new combination). C1 [Barnes, Jeffrey K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Knutson, Lloyd] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Barnes, JK (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, 319 Agr Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM dstevedennis@msn.com; jbarnes@uark.edu; lvknutson@tiscali.it NR 118 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 3 PY 2008 IS 1868 BP 1 EP 98 PG 98 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 343DF UT WOS:000258832100001 ER PT J AU Du, NX Pijut, PM AF Du, Ningxia Pijut, Paula M. TI Regeneration of plants from Fraxinus pennsylvanica hypocotyls and cotyledons SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE adventitious shoots; green ash; rooting; shoot organogenesis; tissue culture ID CYSTEINE PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR; IN-VITRO; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS; PEST RESISTANCE; WHITE ASH; ANGUSTIFOLIA; POPULUS; TRANSFORMATION; THIDIAZURON AB An adventitious shoot regeneration and rooting protocol was developed for green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) seedling explants. The best regeneration medium for freshly isolated hypocotyls and cotyledons was Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with 13.3 mu M 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) plus 4.5 mu M thidiazuron (TDZ), and 22.2 mu M BA plus 4.5 mu M TDZ, respectively. Seventy-six percent of hypocotyl segments and 24% of cotyledon segments produced adventitious shoots, with a mean number of adventitious shoots per explant of 2.7 +/- 0.5 and 2.3 +/- 1.3, respectively. The effect of in vitro-germinated seedling age on adventitious shoot regeneration from hypocotyl and cotyledon explants was also studied. Results showed that hypocotyl and cotyledon explants from freshly isolated embryos exhibited a higher organogenesis potential than 4-15-day-old explants. Adventitious shoots from hypocotyls and cotyledons were established as proliferating shoot cultures following transfer to MS basal medium with Gamborg B5 vitamins supplemented with 10 mu M BA plus 10 mu M TDZ. A high rooting percentage (73-90%) was achieved when in vitro shoots were rooted on woody plant medium (WPM) containing 4.9 mu M indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and IAA (0, 2.9, 5.7, or 8.6 mu M) with a combination of 10-day dark culture period followed by a 16-h photoperiod. The highest rooting (90%) of adventitious shoots or the number of roots pershoot(3.0 +/- 1.0)was obtained on WPM with 4.9 mu M IBA plus 5.7 mu M IAA. Rooted plants were successfully acclimatized to the greenhouse and 100% survived after overwintering in cold storage. This regeneration system using hypocotyls and cotyledons provides a foundation for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of F. pennsylvanica for resistance to the emerald ash borer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pijut, Paula M.] HTIRC, No Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Du, Ningxia] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pijut, PM (reprint author), HTIRC, No Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ppijut@purdue.edu RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 FU Purdue University FX This work was supported financially by a Fred M. van Eck scholarship for Purdue University to Ningxia Du. The authors gratefully acknowledge Drs. Charles Maynard and Shujun Chang for their constructive review and suggestions for the improvement of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD SEP 2 PY 2008 VL 118 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.05.014 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 347HD UT WOS:000259130300012 ER PT J AU Bielinski, SJ Pankow, JS Boerwinkle, E Bray, MS Kao, WHL Folsom, AR AF Bielinski, Suzette J. Pankow, James S. Boerwinkle, Eric Bray, Molly S. Kao, W. H. Linda Folsom, Aaron R. TI Lack of association between uncoupling protein-2 Ala55Val polymorphism and incident diabetes in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study SO ACTA DIABETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2; diabetes mellitus, type 2; polymorphism, single nucleotide; obesity; genetics ID OBESITY; GENE AB Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by impaired insulin secretion, peripheral insulin resistance, and increased hepatic glucose production. Genes that contribute to genetic susceptibility to T2DM function in numerous biochemical pathways. Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) functions as a negative regulator of insulin secretion. Animal studies show induction of UCP2 plays a pathogenic role in the progression of obesity-induced T2DM and some human studies have shown an association between a common UCP2 polymorphism, Ala55Val (rs660339), and T2DM, obesity, and resting metabolic rate with the Val/Val genotype conferring increased risk. We investigated the relationship between the Ala55Val variant and incidence of T2DM among 12,056 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study aged 45-64 years at baseline. Incident T2DM (n = 1,406) cases were identified over 9 years of follow-up. The Val55 allele frequency was 44% in blacks and 41% in whites. The rate of T2DM per 1,000 person was 15.0, 15.6, and 15.6 yearsfor Ala/Ala, Ala/Val, and Val/Val genotypes, respectively. We found no significant association between UCP2 genotypes and incident T2DM in the whole cohort, in race-gender subgroups, or in categories of body mass index (normal, overweight and obese). The Ala55Val polymorphism of UCP2 was not associated with incident T2DM in the ARIC cohort. C1 [Bielinski, Suzette J.; Pankow, James S.; Folsom, Aaron R.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Houston Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. [Bray, Molly S.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kao, W. H. Linda] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Bielinski, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM suzetteb@umn.edu RI Bielinski, Suzette/A-2238-2009; OI Bielinski, Suzette/0000-0002-2905-5430; Pankow, James/0000-0001-7076-483X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01HC55018, N01 HC055019, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022, N01HC55015, N01HC55016, N01HC55019, N01HC55020, N01HC55021, N01HC55022, T32 HL007972, T32-HL007972] NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-5429 J9 ACTA DIABETOL JI Acta Diabetol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s00592-008-0039-6 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 332TU UT WOS:000258106800007 PM 18496642 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Huang, CL Lin, BH Epperson, JE AF Zhang, Feng Huang, Chung L. Lin, Biing-Hwan Epperson, James E. TI Modeling Fresh Organic Produce Consumption With Scanner Data: A Generalized Double Hurdle Model Approach SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article ID LIMITED DEPENDENT-VARIABLES; CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION; SPECIFICATION; EXPENDITURE; DEMAND; FOOD; HOME AB Previous studies using consumer surveys based on contingent valuations gave inconsistent or even contradictory results with respect to the impact of some consumer characteristics on organic foods consumption. Using actual retail-level data, this study provides an objective view of the consumers' social economic characteristics related to the growth of the fresh organic produce market with a generalized double hurdle model. Market participation and conditional/unconditional consumption elasticities were computed for the generalized double hurdle model. [EconLit citations: C240, D120, Q110]. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Zhang, Feng; Huang, Chung L.; Epperson, James E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zhang, Feng] Deloitte Consulting LLP, Chicago, IL 60025 USA. [Lin, Biing-Hwan] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM feng@uga.edu; chuang@uga.edu; blin@ers.usda.gov; epperson@uga.edu FU USDA-ERS [43-3AEM-5-80043] FX This research was supported by USDA-ERS Cooperative Agreement No. 43-3AEM-5-80043. Nielsen's proprietary and confidential Homescan data were accessed through an agreement between Nielsen and the Economic Research Service. The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments on an earlier version of this article. Any remaining errors are the sole responsibility of the authors. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0742-4477 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD FAL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 510 EP 522 DI 10.1002/agr.20176 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 367NI UT WOS:000260558300006 ER PT J AU Yen, ST Lin, BH AF Yen, Steven T. Lin, Biing-Hwan TI Quasi-maximum likelihood estimation of a censored equation system with a copula approach: meat consumption by US individuals SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE censoring; copula; CSFII; generalized log-Burr distribution; meat; quasi-maximum likelihood ID DEMAND SYSTEMS; SAMPLE-SELECTION; PROBIT MODELS; INFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; VARIABLES AB A copula approach to censored system estimation is proposed. The quasi-maximum likelihood estimator departs front the multivariate normal error distribution predominantly used in existing estimators and resolves the computational difficulty with multiple probability integrals in high-dimensional censored systems. An application to individual meat consumption demonstrates that the procedure produces very different empirical estimates from existing, Gaussian full-information and quasi-maximum likelihood estimates. C1 [Yen, Steven T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lin, Biing-Hwan] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Yen, ST (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM syen@utk.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00326.x PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 356RI UT WOS:000259794900006 ER PT J AU Meals, DW Cassell, EA Hughell, D Wood, L Jokela, WE Parsons, R AF Meals, Donald W. Cassell, E. Alan Hughell, David Wood, Lynnette Jokela, William E. Parsons, Robert TI Dynamic spatially explicit mass-balance modeling for targeted watershed phosphorus management - I. Model development SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; watershed; models; mass-balance; geographic information system; nonpoint source management ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; STORM RUNOFF; AREAS; SIMULATION; STRATEGIES; SCALE; INDEX; QUALITY; EXPORT; RISK AB Surface waters are frequently impaired by excessive phosphorus (P) from nonpoint sources, especially in regions of intensive livestock agriculture. Despite concerted efforts to apply new management measures, reductions in nonpoint source P loads have been difficult to accomplish. Watershed management to reduce P export could be more cost-effective if treatments were targeted to critical source areas at high risk for excessive P export. These critical source areas can be defined as the intersection of P source areas and active runoff contributing areas; such areas vary in space and time due to watershed characteristics and management practices. We developed an approach to identify, analyze, and map high-risk areas for P export by integrating spatial data with land use and agronomic data. We evaluated changes over time and space in soil P concentration and P export in response to changes in inputs and outputs with a dynamic mass-balance simulation model running in grid cells across a watershed. The temporal and spatial relationships that define the risk of P export are captured simultaneously using a raster-based distributed dynamic modeling approach and related to management interventions. Simulated responses to management interventions are analyzed and displayed spatially through a geographic information system (GIS). This approach allows the spatial distribution of P runoff risk to be tracked through time in response to long-term P input/output balance, evolving from either continuation of current practices or from management changes specifically targeted to areas of high P loss risk. Baseline simulations show that if present-day management continues, both soil test P and P export will increase dramatically in some parts of a test watershed; critical P source areas in a watershed will evolve over time and are likely to occur in limited areas that can be identified and tracked. Model results can contribute to improved targeting of scarce resources by focusing management interventions on those areas at highest risk of nutrient loss. This paper describes the underlying principles of the model, discusses the process of model development, and presents the final modeling system. Application of the model to alternative management scenarios is discussed in a subsequent paper. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Meals, Donald W.; Hughell, David; Wood, Lynnette] Associates Rural Dev Inc, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. [Cassell, E. Alan] Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. [Jokela, William E.] Marshfield Ag Res Stn, USDA ARS, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Meals, DW (reprint author), 84 Caroline St, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. EM dmeals@burlingtontelecom.net NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 127 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.004 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 326VP UT WOS:000257687500004 ER PT J AU Meals, DW Cassell, EA Hughell, D Wood, L Jokela, WE Parsons, R AF Meals, Donald W. Cassell, E. Alan Hughell, David Wood, Lynnette Jokela, William E. Parsons, Robert TI Dynamic spatially explicit mass-balance modeling for targeted watershed phosphorus management - II. Model application SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; watershed; models; mass-balance; geographic information system; nonpoint source management ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; SIMULATION; TOOL AB Cost-effective nonpoint source phosphorus (P) control should target the land areas at greatest risk for P loss. We combined mass-balance modeling and geographic analysis to identify and map high-risk areas for P export by integrating long-term P input/output accounting with spatially variable physiographic, land use, and agronomic factors. The dynamic interactive simulation of phosphorus loss areas (DISPLA) model evaluates changes over time and space in soil P concentration and P export in response to management interventions targeted specifically to critical P source areas. Five scenarios were simulated in a test watershed dominated by dairy agriculture in Vermont's Champlain Valley: (1) baseline; (2) nutrient management applied to corn and hay land and to urban lawns; (3) erosion control applied to silage corn land; (4) conversion of critically eroding cropland to permanent grass; and (5) all management changes combined. If present-day conditions continue, soil test P and P export will inevitably increase as P inputs continue to exceed outputs. Soil test P levels on corn land are projected to increase more than fourfold over 80 years if present management continues; estimated P export is expected to more than double over the same period. increases in soil test P over time in the watershed are not uniform, but varied spatially in response to variability in initial conditions and input/output P balance. Targeted nutrient management was effective in reducing soil test P concentrations (50-90%) and appeared to hold the line on P export for the test watershed over the 80-year simulation. Simulated P export in the test watershed at the end of the nutrient management simulation was reduced by 64% compared to baseline. Implementation of erosion control on row cropland had little effect on soil test P and achieved only a transitory reduction in P export. Exclusive reliance on cropland erosion control to manage nonpoint source P is unlikely to succeed over the long term. Conversion of critical row cropland to permanent grass reduced P export by 54%, but did not affect soil P levels. Because row cropland converted to grassland retains its soil test P concentration, management of converted grassland to reduce runoff and P export is very important; row cropland with elevated soil test P converted to riparian buffer may still serve as a source of dissolved P to runoff. Application of all management measures combined yielded a 74% reduction in P export. Implications to watershed P management are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Meals, Donald W.; Hughell, David; Wood, Lynnette] Associates Rural Dev Inc, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. [Cassell, E. Alan] Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. [Jokela, William E.] Marshfield Ag Res Stn, USDA ARS, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Meals, DW (reprint author), 84 Caroline St, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. EM dmeals@burlingtontelecom.net NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 127 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.005 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 326VP UT WOS:000257687500008 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Senwo, ZN Nyakatawa, EZ Tazisong, IA Reddy, KC AF Sainju, Upendra M. Senwo, Zachary N. Nyakatawa, Ermson Z. Tazisong, Irenus A. Reddy, K. Chandra TI Soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration as affected by long-term tillage, cropping systems, and nitrogen fertilizer sources SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE tillage; cropping system; poultry litter; nitrogen fertilizer; carbon sequestration; nitrogen sequestration ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; COVER CROPS; C-13 ABUNDANCE; MATTER; RESIDUE; LITTER; COTTON; MANAGEMENT AB Disposal of poultry litter, a widely available organic manure in the southeastern USA because of a large-scale poultry industry, is a major concern because of its contamination in surface- and groundwater through N leaching and P runoff. Application of poultry litter in no-tilled intensive cropping system could increase soil C and N sequestration compared with the conventional-tilled system with inorganic N fertilization and reduce environmental contamination. We evaluated the 10-year effects of tillage, cropping systems, and N fertilizer sources on crop residue (stems + leaves) production and soil bulk density, organic C (SOC), and total N (STN) at the 0-20 cm depth in Decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, and Typic Paleudults) in northern AL, USA. Treatments were incomplete factorial combinations of three tillage practices [no-till (NT), mulch till (MT), and conventional till (CT)], two cropping systems [cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-cotton-corn (Zea mays Q and rye (Secale cereale L.)/cotton-rye/cotton-corn], and two N fertilization sources and rates (0 and 100 kg N ha(-1) from NH4NO3, and 100 and 200 kg N ha(-1) from poultry litter) in randomized complete block with three replications. Rye was grown as winter cover crop and corn as residual crop without tillage and fertilization. Mean crop residue returned to the soil from 1997 to 2005 was greater in rye/cotton-rye/cotton-corn than in cotton-cotton-corn and greater with NH4NO3 than with poultry litter at 100 kg N ha(-1). While SOC and STN concentrations at 10-20 cm after 10 years were not influenced by treatments, SOC and STN contents at 0-20 cm were greater with poultry litter than with NH4NO3 in NT and CT. These resulted in a C sequestration rate of 510 kg C ha(-1) year(-1) and N sequestration rates of 41-49 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) with poultry litter compared with -120 to 147 kg C ha(-1) year(-1) and -23 to -3 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), respectively, with NH4NO3. Cropping and fertilization sequestered C at 730 kg C ha(-1) year(-1) and N at 67 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) compared with fallow and no-fertilization in NT. Tillage and cropping system did not influence SOC and STN. Long-term poultry litter application or continuous cropping can sequester C and N in the soil compared with inorganic N fertilization or fallow, thereby increasing soil quality and productivity and reducing the potentials for N leaching and greenhouse gas emission. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.] No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Senwo, Zachary N.; Nyakatawa, Ermson Z.; Tazisong, Irenus A.; Reddy, K. Chandra] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA ARS, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 127 IS 3-4 BP 234 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.006 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 326VP UT WOS:000257687500009 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Phillips, WA Garbrecht, JD Steiner, JL Hunt, LA AF Zhang, X. -C. Phillips, W. A. Garbrecht, J. D. Steiner, J. L. Hunt, L. A. TI A wheat grazing model for simulating grain and beef production: Part I - Model development SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STATES SOUTHERN PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; SYSTEMS-MODEL; DUAL-PURPOSE; FORAGE YIELD; TEST WEIGHT; EVAPORATION; GROWTH; CROP AB It is a common practice to grow winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a dual-purpose crop in the U.S. Southern Great Plains to decrease production risk and to increase profit margin through cattle (Bos taurus) production. Crop management of the dual-purpose wheat is complex because of the tradeoffs between beef production and wheat grain yield. A wheat grazing model helps in making optimal decision. The objective of this study was to develop and incorporate a grazing and metabolizable energy-based cattle growth module into the Decision Support Systems for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) to simulate beef and wheat grain production. The wheat grazing model was comprised of wheat growth, wheat-cattle interaction, and cattle growth components. Wheat growth was simulated by the cropping system model (CSM) of DSSAT. For the wheat-cattle interface, removals of canopy biomass and leaf area by grazing were estimated daily. Predicted grain yield was also reduced by 50 kg ha(-1) per day for each day of grazing past the first hollow stem stage. Cattle growth rate was based on a metabolizable energy intake. Maximum voluntary daily intake was estimated based on stocker body weight and forage quality, and is further adjusted for actual forage availability, temperature, and adaptation status during the first 14 day of grazing to estimate the actual daily intake. Changes in wheat growth processes brought about by grazing, including a grazing effect on the delay of plant phenological development, are not simulated in the model. Field experiments to characterize any such effects are needed to help fine-tune the model. C1 [Zhang, X. -C.; Phillips, W. A.; Garbrecht, J. D.; Steiner, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Univ Guelph, Dep Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM john.Zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1242 EP 1247 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0372 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351GZ UT WOS:000259414000004 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Hunt, LA Phillips, WA Horn, G Edward, J Zhang, H AF Zhang, X. -C. Hunt, L. A. Phillips, W. A. Horn, G. Edward, J. Zhang, H. TI A wheat grazing model for simulating grain and beef production: Part II - Model validation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; YIELD; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH AB Computer models must be thoroughly evaluated before being used for decision-making. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the ability of a newly developed wheat grazing model to predict fall-winter forage and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield as well as daily weight gains of steer (Bos taurus) grazing on wheat pasture in Oklahoma. Experimental data of three independent field studies were used. The first was a variety trial in which fall-winter forage and grain yields were harvested. The second was a planting date experiment in which forage in the fall-winter period and grain yields were harvested. The third was a steer grazing experiment in which standing wheat biomass and steer weight gain were monitored. For the variety trials, the model efficiency (ME), which reflects how well model predictions match measured data (I means a perfect match), was 0.102 for fall-winter forage prediction and 0.367 for grain yield. For the planting date experiment, the ME was 0.615 for predicting fall-winter forage yields and 0.409 for grain yields when a root downward extension rate of 20 mm d(-1) was used. In the steer grazing experiment, the relationship between average daily weight gain and forage allowance was adequately represented by the model. For the total steer weight gains in a wide range of stocking rates and grazing durations, the ME was 0.616. Overall results show that the model, if well calibrated, has the potential to predict fall-winter forage and grain yields as well as mean daily weight gain per steer. C1 [Zhang, X. -C.; Phillips, W. A.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Univ Guelph, Dep Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Horn, G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Edward, J.; Zhang, H.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM John.Zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1248 EP 1258 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0373 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351GZ UT WOS:000259414000005 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH McClung, A AF Ziska, Lewis H. McClung, Anna TI Differential response of cultivated and weedy (red) rice to recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA; CO2; GROWTH; PLANTS; GENE; FLOW AB To determine whether recent or projected increases in atmospheric [CO2] favor cultivated rice or its weedy relative, red rice, we examined the initial growth and vegetative characteristics of these two groups using six weedy red rice (RR) biotypes and six cultivated rice (CR) varieties at CO2 concentrations that corresponded to the 1940s, current levels, and that projected for the middle of this century (300, 400, and 500 mu mol mol(-1), respectively). Increasing [CO2] resulted in significant increases in initial leaf area and root weight for the RR, as early as 27 d after sowing (DAS) at 500 mu mol mol(-1). By 55 DAS, significant CO2 by type (RRvs. CR) interactions were observed with RR demonstrating a 55 and 62% increase in plant biomass and leaf area, respectively, relative to the CR at 500 mu mol mol(-1) [CO2]. Overall, these results indicate a greater physiological plasticity and genetic diversity among RR relative to CR that may impact weed/crop competition as atmospheric CO2 increases. However, this greater variation may also provide a unique genetic resource that could be incorporated into CR varieties to increase their adaptability to rising atmospheric CO2. C1 [Ziska, Lewis H.] ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [McClung, Anna] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Cent, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1259 EP 1263 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0324 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351GZ UT WOS:000259414000006 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. TI 'Coastal' and 'Tifton 44' bermudagrass availability on animal and pasture productivity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWING BEEF STEERS; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; DRY-MATTER; DIGESTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; SWITCHGRASS; GRASSES; FORAGE; FESCUE; SHEEP AB Hybrid cultivars of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pets.] are a major feed source for ruminants across the southeastern United States. This 4-yr experiment compared animal and pasture performance of 'Coastal' and 'Tifton 44' bermudagrasses over three canopy heights designated as short (5.6 cm), medium (10.1 cm), and tall (13.1 cm). The relationship of canopy height to ingestive mastication and canopy characteristics was also studied. Soil was a Cecil clay loam (clayey, Kaolinitic thermic Typic Hapludult). Pastures were continuously stocked using variable stocking to maintain the targeted canopy heights. Herbage mass (to soil surface) was similar between Coastal and Tifton 44 (T44) within each canopy height averaging 2.36, 4.08, and 5.25 Mg ha(-1). Steer average daily gain (ADG) was greater (P = 0.09) from T44 than Coastal (0-58 vs. 0.51 kg) but no differences were noted in pasture productivity. Increasing herbage mass linearly increased (P < 0.01) ADG (0.40-0.59 kg) but reduced (P < 0.01) stocking rate (16.1-11.2 steers ha(-1)), which influenced animal days (1810-1079 d ha(-1)), weight gain (1057-786 kg ha(-1)), and effective feed units (6392-4452 kg ha(-)1). Steer ADG increased (P = 0.01) from short to medium canopy height (0.40-0.64 kg) with little change between medium and tall canopyheight (0.64-0-59 kg). Tifton 44 pasture is of greater quality than Coastal giving greater ADG but both were productive producing about 1100 kg of gain ha(-1) when effectively managed and utilized. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Joe.Burns@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1280 EP 1288 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0381 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351GZ UT WOS:000259414000009 ER PT J AU Bowman, MT Beck, PA Watkins, KB Anders, MM Gadberry, MS Lusby, KS Gunter, SA Hubbell, DS AF Bowman, M. T. Beck, P. A. Watkins, K. B. Anders, M. M. Gadberry, M. S. Lusby, K. S. Gunter, S. A. Hubbell, D. S. TI Tillage systems for production of small-grain pasture SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WHEAT; CROP; FORAGE; ESTABLISHMENT; NITROGEN; MASS AB The objective of this study was to compare conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no-till (NT) establishment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) forage for stocker calves (Bos taurus). Animal performance was analyzed as a completely randomized design using the mixed procedure of SAS. In the 2002-2003 study, grazing-d ha(-1) was greater (P < 0.01) for CT than RT, but NT did not differ (P = 0.08) from CT and RT, while gain ha(-1) was not affected (P >= 0.42) by tillage treatment. During 2003-2004, grazing-d ha(-1) was identical for all pastures, but gain ha(-1) of NT was greater (P = 0.05) than CT and RT. Grazing-d ha(-1) was greater (P = 0.05) for NT than CT and RT in 2004-2005 and gain ha(-1) tended to be greater (P = 0.10) for NT than CT and RT. During 2005-2006, grazing-d ha(-1) of CT was greater (P = 0.03) than RT, but gain ha-1 did not differ (P >= 0.81) among treatments. Establishment of small-grain pasture using NT and RT was as successful as CT when timely fall rains promoted small grain emergence and growth, while NT was superior to CT and RT when fall rains are delayed and soil water profile can be maintained by summer chemical fallow. C1 [Beck, P. A.] Univ Arkansas SW Res & Ext Cent, Hope, AR 71801 USA. [Bowman, M. T.; Gadberry, M. S.] Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Watkins, K. B.; Anders, M. M.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Ext Cent, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Lusby, K. S.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Gunter, S. A.] USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. [Hubbell, D. S.] Univ Arkansas, Livestock & Forestry Branch Stn, Batesville, AR 72501 USA. RP Beck, PA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas SW Res & Ext Cent, Hope, AR 71801 USA. EM pbeck@uaex.edu FU National Res. Initiative of the USDA Coop. State Res., Education and Ext. Serv [2005-35101-15344] FX The project was supported by the National Res. Initiative of the USDA Coop. State Res., Education and Ext. Serv., grant no. 2005-35101-15344. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Tom Hess, Brandon Stewart, and Pat Capps for their technical assistance during the study. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1289 EP 1295 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0136 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351GZ UT WOS:000259414000010 ER PT J AU Viator, RP Gwathmey, CO Cothren, JT Reed, JT Vories, ED Nuti, RC Edmisten, KL Wells, R AF Viator, Ryan P. Gwathmey, C. Owen Cothren, J. Tom Reed, Jack T. Vories, Earl D. Nuti, Russell C. Edmisten, Keith L. Wells, Randy TI Influence of ultranarrow row and conventional row cotton on the last effective boll population SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ULTRA-NARROW ROW; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CROP MATURITY; NODE COUNTS; GROWTH; YIELD; TERMINATION; SPACINGS; UPLAND; TIME AB The last effective boll population (LEBP) is the basis for many cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) management decisions such as defoliation timing. The objective of this research was to determine the last effective boll population based on first position bolls for both ultranarrow row cotton (UNRC), grown in rows spaced 25 cm or less, and conventional cotton (CONC) grown in rows spaced 96 to 102 cm. Experimental sites included locations in North Carolina, Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas. At each site, UNRC and CONC plots were planted in a RCB design. At first flower, 15 plants per plot were flagged for subsequent flower tagging. On each flagged plant, all first position flowers were tagged every 2 d throughout the reproductive stage with date and nodes above white flower (NAWF) data for each plant. Tagged bolls were handpicked, sorted, counted, and seedcotton was weighed and recorded by NAWF for each plot. The last effective boll population was considered that NAWF position where cotton could be economically produced. Cotton could be produced economically at NAWF 2 and 3 for UNRC and CONC, respectively. Lint yield did not differ significantly between UNRC and CONC across site-years. The UNRC produced the majority of seedcotton on NAWF 3 to 5, while CONC produced the most seedcotton at NAWF 4 to 6. Boll numbers showed a similar pattern. These data demonstrate that physiological cutout occurred at NAWF <5 in both UNRC and CONC. C1 [Viator, Ryan P.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Gwathmey, C. Owen] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Jackson, TN 38305 USA. [Cothren, J. Tom] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Reed, Jack T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dep Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Vories, Earl D.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Nuti, Russell C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Edmisten, Keith L.; Wells, Randy] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Viator, RP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM ryan.viator@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1331 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0289 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351GZ UT WOS:000259414000015 ER PT J AU Williams, MJ Sinclair, TR Mislevy, P Quesenberry, KH Blount, AS Coleman, SW AF Williams, M. J. Sinclair, T. R. Mislevy, P. Quesenberry, K. H. Blount, A. S. Coleman, S. W. TI Photoperiod sensitivity of rhizoma peanut germplasm SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED PHOTOPERIOD; GROWTH; FERTILITY; CULTIVARS; EMERGENCE; DAYLENGTH; GRASSES; FLORIDA; WINTER AB Short days are thought to alter dry matter (DM) partitioning in rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.). Under controlled environmental conditions, six lines of rhizoma peanut germplasm (cultivars Florigraze and Arbrook; Florida lines Ecoturf, Arbrook Select, and Arblick; and PI 262826) were exposed to natural and extended photoperiod regimes (15 or 18 h). The study started 21 Sept. 2000 and ran until the following May; aboveground DM was harvested five times. The following year the same lines were transplanted into the field, where they received either natural light or 15 h extended photoperiod conditions between 20 Sept. 2001 and 19 Apr. 2002 and again during the winter of 2002-2003. In the field, cover and DM was determined on approximately 9 wk intervals. In the controlled environment study, both extended photoperiod treatments increased DM yield, but the 18 h treatment was most consistent across selections and dates. The February response was greatest when there was greater than fivefold increase across selections for the 18 h treatment above natural photoperiod (2.80 vs. 0.52 g/pot, respectively). In the field, percent cover was enhanced by extended photoperiod for all selections except Ecoturf by the second sampling date after the lights were turned on (avg. 90 vs. 38% cover, respectively, for extended and natural photoperiod). Cover differences persisted until June 2002. Dry matter yield also was increased by treatment during the fall of both years. These studies suggest that selection for late and early season DM production in rhizoma peanut will select for photoperiod insensitivity. C1 [Williams, M. J.] USDA NRCS, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. [Sinclair, T. R.; Quesenberry, K. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mislevy, P.] Univ Florida, Range Cattle REC, Ona, FL 33865 USA. [Blount, A. S.] Univ Florida, N Florida REC, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. [Coleman, S. W.] ARS, USDA, STARS, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Williams, MJ (reprint author), USDA NRCS, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. EM mjwilliams@fl.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1366 EP 1370 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0113 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351GZ UT WOS:000259414000021 ER PT J AU Endale, DM Schomberg, HH Fisher, DS Jenkins, MB Sharpe, RR Cabrera, ML AF Endale, Dinku M. Schomberg, Harry H. Fisher, Dwight S. Jenkins, Michael B. Sharpe, Ron R. Cabrera, Miguel L. TI No-till corn productivity in a southeastern United States ultisol amended with poultry litter SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOUTHERN PIEDMONT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; COTTON; IMPACT; WATER; SOD AB Corn (Zea mays L.) producers in the southeastern United States must overcome soil and water limitations to take advantage of the expanding corn market. In this 2001 to 2005 study on a Cecil sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) near Watkinsville, GA, we compared dry land corn biomass and yield under conventional tillage (CT) vs. no-tillage (NT) with ammonium nitrate or sulfate (based on availability) as conventional fertilizer (CF) vs. poultry litter (PL). In a randomized complete block split plot design with three replications, main plots were under tillage and subplots under fertilizer treatments. The cover crop was rye (Secale cereale L.). Over 5 yr, NT and PL increased grain yield by 11 and 18%, respectively, compared with CT and CF. Combined, NT and PL increased grain yield by 31% compared with conventionally tilled and fertilized corn. Similarly, soil water was 18% greater in NT than CT in the 0- to 10-cm depth. In 2 yr of measurements, dry matter of stalks and leaves and leaf area index under PL were an average of 39 and 22% greater, respectively, than under CF during reproduction. Values were 21 and 6% greater, respectively, under NT than CT but during tasseling. Analysis of 70 yr of daily rainfall records showed that supplemental irrigation is needed to meet optimal water requirement. Our results indicate that corn growers can use rainfall more efficiently, reduce yield losses to drought, and expect increased corn yields with a combination of no-tillage management and long-term use of poultry litter. C1 [Endale, Dinku M.; Schomberg, Harry H.; Fisher, Dwight S.; Jenkins, Michael B.; Sharpe, Ron R.] ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conserv Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Cabrera, Miguel L.] Univ Georgia, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Endale, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conserv Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM Dinku.Endale@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES NRI; US Egg and Poultry Association FX This research was supported in part by grants from USDA-CSREES NRI and US Egg and Poultry Association. We are grateful for many technicians and students for their expert assistance, including, Stephen Norris, Robin Woodroof, Burt Schutza, Stephanie Steed, Shaheen Humayoun, Mike Thornton, Eric Elsner, Ronald Phillips, Robert Sheats, Fred Hale, Debbie Beese, Beth Barton, Steve Knapp, Tony Dillard, Robert Martin, Clara Parker, Terrel Gibson, Willie Horan, Devin Berry, Heather Hart, Drew Kitchens, Becca Styles, Ryan Talton, and Nathan Tyson. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1401 EP 1408 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0401 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351GZ UT WOS:000259414000026 ER PT J AU Ciganda, V Gitelson, A Schepers, J AF Ciganda, Veronica Gitelson, Anatoly Schepers, James TI Vertical profile and temporal variation of chlorophyll in maize canopy: Quantitative "Crop Vigor" indicator by means of reflectance-based techniques SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-PLANT LEAVES; LEAF-AREA; SENESCENCE; MODEL; CORN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN; HYBRIDS AB Chlorophyll (Chl) content is among the most important crop biophysical characteristics. Chlorophyll can be related to photosynthetic capacity, thus, productivity, developmental stage, and canopy stresses. The objective of this study was to quantify and characterize the temporal variation of Chl content in the vertical profile of maize (Zea mays L.) canopies by means of a reflectance-based, nondestructive methodology. A recently developed technique that relates leaf reflectance with leaf pigment content has been used for accurate leaf Chl estimation. The technique employs reflectance in two spectral bands: in the red edge (720-730 nm) and in the near infrared (770-800 nm). More than 2000 maize leaves were measured for reflectance and total and green area during a growing season. A bell-shaped curve showed a very good fit for the vertical distribution of Chl content regardless of crop growth stage. The parameters and coefficients of the bell-shape function were found to be very useful to interpret temporal changes in the vertical profile of each variable. Comparisons among Chl, leaf area index (LAI) and green LAI showed that Chl content was more sensitive to changes in the physiological status of maize than other biophysical characteristics. The quantification of Chl content in canopy should be seen as a useful tool to complement the information on green LAI or LAI. Its applicability will help to improve the understanding of the crop ecophysiology, productivity, the radiation use efficiency and the interplant competition. C1 [Gitelson, Anatoly] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Schepers, James] Univ Nebraska, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Ciganda, Veronica] INIA Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay. [Schepers, James] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gitelson, A (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM agitelson2@unl.edu RI Gitelson, Anatoly/G-3452-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG-02-00ER45827]; Office of Science (BER) [DE-FG03-00ER62996] FX We gratefully acknowledge the use offacilities and equipment provided by Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies (CALMIT), University of Nebraska-Lincoln. This research was supported partially by the U.S. Department of Energy: (a) EPSCoRprogram, Grant No. DE-FG-02-00ER45827 and (b) Office of Science (BER), Grant No. DE-FG03-00ER62996. A contribution of the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, NE. This research was also supported in part by funds provided through the Hatch Act. NR 30 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1409 EP 1417 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0322 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351GZ UT WOS:000259414000027 ER PT J AU Shaner, DL Khosla, R Brodahl, MK Buchleiter, GW Farahani, HJ AF Shaner, D. L. Khosla, R. Brodahl, M. K. Buchleiter, G. W. Farahani, H. J. TI How well does zone sampling based on soil electrical conductivity maps represent soil variability? SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; YIELD; SCALE; PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUM; FIELDS; COLOR AB In zone soil sampling a field is divided into homogenous areas using an easy to measure ancillary attribute (e.g., apparent soil electrical conductivity [ECa]) and a few samples are taken from each zone to estimate the soil characteristics in each zone. This study determined if ECa-directed zone sampling in two fields in northeastern Colorado could correctly predict soil texture and soil organic matter (SOM) patterns of samples taken by a more intensive grid sample method. Each field, which were predominantly Bijou loamy sand (coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplargids), and Valentine sand (mixed, mesic Typic Ustipsamments), was divided into three ECa zones and soil texture and OM content in the top 30 cm of soil were measured. There was a significant difference in the soil texture and SOM in both fields between ECa Zone 1 and Zone 3. Logistic regression showed that in both fields, approximately 80% of the grid sample sites in ECa Zone 1 were correctly predicted. Only 50% of the grid sample sites in ECa Zone 3 were correctly predicted as Zone 3 in one field whereas 77% of the grid sites in ECa Zone 3 were correctly predicted in the other field. However, approximately 80% of the samples in the grid sites :10 m from the zone boundaries were classified correctly as compared to the samples that were <10 m from the boundary in which only 50 to 54% were classified correctly. These results support the utilization of ECa-directed zone sampling as an alternative to grid soil sampling if the transition zones arc avoided. C1 [Khosla, R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shaner, D. L.; Brodahl, M. K.; Buchleiter, G. W.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Farahani, H. J.] ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. RP Khosla, R (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM raj.khosla@colostate.edu OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1472 EP 1480 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0060 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351GZ UT WOS:000259414000034 ER PT J AU Mitchell, CC Delaney, DP Balkcom, KS AF Mitchell, Charles C. Delaney, Dennis P. Balkcom, Kipling S. TI A historical summary of Alabama's Old Rotation (circa 1896): The world's oldest, continuous cotton experiment SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER AB After more than 110 yr, the Old Rotation experiment on the campus of Auburn University in Alabama continues to document the long-term effects of crop rotation and winter legume cover crops on sustainable cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the southeastern United States. Long-term yields indicate that winter legumes are as effective as fertilizer N in producing maximum cotton yields and increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). Higher SOC resulted in higher crop yields. However, rotating cotton with corn (Zea mays L.) in a 2-yr rotation or with corn, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] in a 3-yr rotation produced little long-term cotton yield advantage beyond that associated with SOC. Cotton yields without winter legumes nor fertilizer N are only slightly higher than they were 110 yr ago. Nonirrigated corn grain yields in rotation with cotton are typically low for central Alabama and appear limited by N. Yields of all crops on the Old Rotation increased with increasing rates of P and K through the 1950s. Since adoption of in-row subsoiling, high-residue, conservation tillage, and genetically modified cultivars; in 1997, all crops have produced their highest, nonirrigated, recorded yields since the experiment began: 1910 kg cotton lint ha(-1) in 2006, 14.8 Mg corn grain ha(-1) in 1999, 6.34 Mg wheat ha-1 in 2001, and 4.50 Mg soybean ha(-1) in 2004. C1 [Mitchell, Charles C.; Delaney, Dennis P.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Balkcom, Kipling S.] USDA, Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Mitchell, CC (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM mitchcl@auburn.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1493 EP 1498 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0395 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351GZ UT WOS:000259414000037 ER PT J AU Kalmbach, RD Choumenkovitch, SF Troen, AM D'Agostino, R Jacques, PF Selhub, J AF Kalmbach, Renee D. Choumenkovitch, Silvina F. Troen, Aron M. D'Agostino, Ralph Jacques, Paul F. Selhub, Jacob TI Circulating folic acid in plasma: relation to folic acid fortification SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FOOD FORTIFICATION; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLATE; SERUM; HEALTH; TRIAL; RATES AB Background: The implementation of folic acid fortification in the United States has resulted in unprecedented amounts of this synthetic form of folate in the American diet. Folic acid in circulation may be a useful measure of physiologic exposure to synthetic folic acid, and there is a potential for elevated concentrations after fortification and the possibility of adverse effects. Objective: We assessed the effect of folic acid fortification on circulating concentrations of folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Design: This is a cross-sectional study that used plasma samples from fasting subjects before and after fortification. Samples were measured for folate distribution with the use of an affinity-HPLC method with electrochemical detection. Results: Among nonsupplement users, the median concentration of folic acid in plasma increased from 0.25 to 0.50 nmol/L (P < 0.001) after fortification, and among supplement users the median increased from 0.54 to 0.68 nmol/L (P = 0.001). Among nonsupplement users, the prevalence of high circulating folic acid (>= 85th percentile) increased from 9.4% to 19.1% (P = 0.002) after fortification. Among supplement users, the prevalence of high circulating folic acid increased from 15.9% to 24.3% (P = 0.02). Folic acid intake and total plasma folate were positively and significantly related to high circulating folic acid after adjustment for potential confounding factors (P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions: Folic acid fortification has resulted in increased exposure to circulating folic acid. The biochemical and physiologic consequences of this are unknown, but these findings highlight the need to understand the effects of chronic exposure to circulating folic acid. C1 [Kalmbach, Renee D.; Choumenkovitch, Silvina F.; Troen, Aron M.; Jacques, Paul F.; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [D'Agostino, Ralph] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Jacob.selhub@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01HC25195, N01-HC-25195, N01 HC025195]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK062032] NR 29 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 3 BP 763 EP 768 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346GV UT WOS:000259057700024 PM 18779294 ER PT J AU Miller, LA Gionfriddo, JP Fagerstone, KA Rhyan, JC Killian, GJ AF Miller, Lowell A. Gionfriddo, James P. Fagerstone, Kathleen A. Rhyan, Jack C. Killian, Gary J. TI The single-shot GnRH immunocontraceptive vaccine (GonaCon (TM)) in white-tailed deer: Comparison of several GnRH preparations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contraception; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; infertility; Odocoileus virginianus; overabundance; wildlife ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; ANTIFERTILITY VACCINE; ANTIGEN; WILDLIFE; MAMMALS; CELL AB Problem An effective, single-injection, multi-year, GnRH contraceptive agent is needed to control reproduction in overabundant white-tailed deer populations. Method of study Two GnRH conjugates, GonaCon (TM) (GnRH-KLH) and GonaCon-B (TM) (GnRH-blue protein), were prepared in emulsion form as one-injection and two-injection immunocontraceptive vaccine formulations. In addition, the GnRH-KLH protein conjugate was lyophilized and suspended in AdjuVac (TM) adjuvant to produce a fifth vaccine formulation. Each formulation was administered to a group of five captive adult female white-tailed deer. Reproductive performance of treated female deer was monitored for 5 years to determine the comparative efficacy of the various treatments. Results The longevity of the contraceptive response (2-5 years) was strongly influenced by the design of the conjugate antigen, the adjuvant used, and the delivery form of the vaccine. Conclusion One-injection and two-injection formulations of GonaCon (TM) and GonaCon-B (TM) produced multi-year contraception in adult female white-tailed deer. GonaCon-B (TM) provided a longer lasting contraceptive effect. C1 [Miller, Lowell A.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Rhyan, Jack C.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Killian, Gary J.] Penn State Univ, Almquist Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Miller, LA (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA Wildlife Serv, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM lowell.a.miller@aphis.usda.gov NR 48 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1046-7408 J9 AM J REPROD IMMUNOL JI Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 60 IS 3 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00616.x PG 10 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA 337MO UT WOS:000258440400005 PM 18782282 ER PT J AU Favret, C Nielsen, C AF Favret, Colin Nielsen, Charlotte TI A new species of Mindarus (Hemiptera : Aphididae) on the endangered Guatemalan fir SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Abies guatemalensis; Guatemala; conservation; aphid ID CHRISTMAS TREE PLANTATIONS; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; ABIETINUS HOMOPTERA; AMERICA; DAMAGE AB A pestiferous species of Mindarus (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Mindarinae) presents challenges for the cultivation and conservation of the endangered Guatemalan fir, Abies guatemalensis Rehder. The aphid, Mindarus guatemalensis n. sp., is described. C1 [Favret, Colin] AphidNet LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. [Favret, Colin] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nielsen, Charlotte] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Ecol, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark. RP Favret, C (reprint author), AphidNet LLC, 18901 Tributary Ln, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. EM colinfavret@aphidnet.org; cn49@cornell.edu RI Favret, Colin/F-7726-2012 OI Favret, Colin/0000-0001-6243-3184 FU Danish Research Council [91160]; University of Copenhagen FX The research on which this study is based has been funded by the Danish Research Council for Development Research (91160) and University of Copenhagen. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 833 EP 836 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[833:ANSOMH]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 352MY UT WOS:000259502500007 ER PT J AU Roux-Morabito, G Gillette, NE Roques, A Dormont, L Stein, J Sperling, FAH AF Roux-Morabito, G. Gillette, N. E. Roques, A. Dormont, L. Stein, J. Sperling, F. A. H. TI Systematics of the Dioryctria abietella species group (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) based on mitochondrial DNA SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review DE Dioryctria; mitochondrial DNA; COI; COII; seed orchard ID INSECT MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE-I; HOST RACES; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; GENE FLOW; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FEEDING INSECTS; MTDNA VARIATION; LARCH BUDMOTH; NORTH-AMERICA AB Coneworms of the genus Dioryctria Zeller include several Serious pests of conifer seeds that are notoriously difficult to distinguish as species. We surveyed mitochondrial DNA variation within the abietella species group by sequencing 451 bp of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 572 bp of cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (COII) genes from 64 individuals of six major species in the group. In addition to examining phylogenetic relationships within European members of the group, the study focused on the two most damaging species, D. abietivorella Grote from North America and D. abietella Denis & Schiffermuller front Europe and Asia, which have been considered taxonomically synonymous in the past. To detect different levels of divergence, we extensively sampled in seed Orchards and natural forests for D. abietella on different hosts. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses confirmed the monophyly of the abietella Species group and its separation into three clades. The grouping of North American species (clade A) received strong support in both analyses, whereas relationships between clade A and the two European clades were weakly Supported. Dioryctria simplicella Heinemann could not be unambiguously separated front D. abietella populations. The diverse haplotypes observed in the network analysis conducted with eight populations of polyphagous D. abietella suggested the presence of two distinct lineages in France. C1 [Roux-Morabito, G.; Roques, A.] INRA, Ctr Orleans, Unite Zool Forestiere, F-45166 Olivet, France. [Gillette, N. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Dormont, L.] CNRS, UMR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier, France. [Stein, J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Sperling, F. A. H.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Roux-Morabito, G (reprint author), INRA, Ctr Orleans, Unite Zool Forestiere, BP20619 Ardon, F-45166 Olivet, France. EM geraldine.roux-morabito@orleans.inra.fr RI Sperling, Felix/H-8376-2012 FU California Hatch funds; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX This work was supported by California Hatch funds and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council grant (to F.A.H.S.). NR 103 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 845 EP 859 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[845:SOTDAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 352MY UT WOS:000259502500009 ER PT J AU Villa, JD Bustamante, DM Dunkley, JP Escobar, LA AF Villa, Jose D. Bustamante, Dulce M. Dunkley, Jimmy P. Escobar, Luis A. TI Changes in honey bee (Hymenoptera : Apidae) colony swarming and survival pre- and postarrival of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata : Varroidae) in Louisiana SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Varroa destructor; survival; swarming; recurrent event ID POPULATION-GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; JACOBSONI; PARASITE; CALIFORNIA AB The impact of Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) on colonies of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in southern Louisiana was evaluated by analyzing changes in swarming and longevity of colonies for 17 yr. Swarming rates were calculated from yearly captures of swarms in bait hives placed in five areas of Louisiana from 1991 to 2006. Colony longevity was monitored in 104 swarms established from 1990 to 2000 and followed until 2004. In the first years, before V. destructor, average swarm capture rates ranged from 0.85 to 0.95 swarms per bait hive-year, and survival of colonies established from swarms averaged 14 mo. In years immediately after the arrival of destructor (1993-1996), swarming rates and colony longevity decreased to 0.36-0.60 swarms per bait hive-year and 10 mo, respectively. After approximate to 5 yr in the presence of V. destructor, both rates recovered to levels at least as high as those seen before varroa arrived; swarm capture rates were 0.75-1.04 swarms per bait hive-year and average longevity was 26 mo. Analysis of varroa infestations in three colonies established from swarms in 1997 showed the presence of varroa at oscillating densities for 5 to 8 yr. Possible causes for this apparent recovery are natural selection for resistance in honey bees, introgression of selected resistant genetic material or reduced virulence of the mites. C1 [Villa, Jose D.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [Bustamante, Dulce M.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dunkley, Jimmy P.] Louisiana Dept Agr & Forestry, Hort & Quarantine Div, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. [Escobar, Luis A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Villa, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM jose.villa@ars.usda.gov FU Fullbright scholarship; Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station FX Funding was provided to D. B. by a Fullbright scholarship. This research was completed in cooperation with Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 867 EP 871 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[867:CIHBHA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 352MY UT WOS:000259502500011 ER PT J AU Unruh, TR Yu, T Willett, LS Garczynski, SF Horton, DR AF Unruh, Thomas R. Yu, Tiffany Willett, Laura S. Garczynski, Stephen F. Horton, David R. TI Development of monoclonal antibodies to pear psylla (Hemiptera : Psyllidae) and evaluation of field predation by two key predators SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE insect predation; monoclonal antibodies; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; gut contents ID GUT CONTENT ELISA; ALTERNATIVE PREY; NATURAL ENEMIES; FORFICULA-AURICULARIA; GENERALIST PREDATORS; CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA; SECONDARY PREDATION; CENTRAL WASHINGTON; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; APPLE ORCHARDS AB The pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Forster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), and related psyllids are important pests of pear (Pyrus spp.) worldwide. Many of these pests are thought to be partially controlled by predatory insects. To improve our understanding of the predator species that attack pear psylla, we developed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against this pest for predator gut content studies. Mice were immunized with homogenates of nymphal, adult, and egg stages of pear psylla. A mouse immunized with nymph homogenate showed high activity against all three antigen types and,vas used for MAb development. From 952 hybridomas screened, 35 showed good activity to pear psylla and low activity against nontarget arthropods. Four MAbs were retained: two from immunoglobulin M (IgM)-secreting hybridomas, both with high activity against all stages of psylla except young eggs, and two immunoglobin C-secreting hybridomas, both with high activity against psylla eggs and gravid adult females. Using one of the IgM-MAbs, pear psylla remains were detected in the predator), bugs Anthocoris tomentosus Pericart (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler) (Heteroptera: Miridae) in laboratory feeding trials. Digestion half lives typically exceeded 24 h and were dependent on meal size and predator life stage. Gut content analysis of 970 field-collected D. brevis and Anthocoris spp. showed that the proportion which fed on psylla averaged 59% and that percentage closely tracked the density of pear psylla nymphs during three seasons. The utility of these antibodies for the study of trophic interactions and habitat management in relation to biological control of pear psylla is discussed. C1 [Unruh, Thomas R.; Yu, Tiffany; Willett, Laura S.; Garczynski, Stephen F.; Horton, David R.] USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Unruh, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM thomas.unruh@ars.usda.gov FU Winter Pear Control Committee; Washington State Tree Fruit Research Commission FX We have benefited from the help of many individuals through the several years of this work. Financial support was provided by the Winter Pear Control Committee and the Washington State Tree Fruit Research Commission. Expert guidance and technical support of the monoclonal creation and isolation and ascites Production was provided by Mary-Jo Hamilton of the WSU Monoclonal Antibody Center (DMVP). Statistical advice and implementation of the PROC CLIMMIX analysis was provided by Bruce Mackey. Statistician General, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA. Valuable technical assistance was provided by Mike Clinton, Deb Broers. Merilee Bayer. Kelly Thomsen-Archer. and Pablo Palmandez. Earlier drafts of the manuscript benefited from reviews by Nina M. Barcenas, Heritage University, Toppenish, WA, Steven Arthurs. USDA-ARS Wapato, WA: and James Hagler, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ. An anonymous reviewer provided insightful suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 887 EP 898 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[887:DOMATP]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 352MY UT WOS:000259502500014 ER PT J AU Shapiro, LH Scheffer, SJ Maisin, N Lambert, S Bin Purung, H Sulistyowati, E Vega, FE Gende, P Laup, S Rosmana, A Djam, S Hebbar, PK AF Shapiro, Leo H. Scheffer, Sonja J. Maisin, Navies Lambert, Smilja Bin Purung, Hussin Sulistyowati, Endang Vega, Fernando E. Gende, Paul Laup, Samson Rosmana, Ade Djam, Sylvia Hebbar, Prakesh K. TI Conopomorpha cramerella (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) in the Malay Archipelago: Genetic signature of a bottlenecked population? SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Theobroma cacao; Conopomorpha; genetic bottleneck; cytochrome oxidase I; elongation factor-1 alpha ID PLEISTOCENE CLIMATE CHANGES; DNA POLYMORPHISM; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; STATISTICAL TESTS; RANGE EXPANSIONS; NORTH-AMERICAN; FRUIT-FLY; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DIVERSITY AB Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is a devastating pest of cacao, Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae), in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Malay Archipelago. We surveyed genetic variation at two unlinked loci, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha), in C. cramerella from throughout most of their known geographic range. Given the enormous area sampled, COI variation is extremely low; EF-1 alpha variation may be low as well, but this is more difficult to assess due to the lack of appropriate data sets for comparison. Our results strongly suggest that sampled C. cramerella populations have experienced at least one bottleneck in their recent past, although the possibility that COI variation has been reduced by a selective sweep cannot he excluded based oil available data. We Suggest that one or more bottlenecks likely occurred when C. cramerella from all as yet unknown source, population, either within or outside the Malay Archipelago, became established oil cacao, which is not endemic to this region (Conopomorpha is an Old World genus and cacao originated in the New World). Identification of the source of this pest could be important in efforts to identify natural enemies for biological control. C1 [Shapiro, Leo H.; Scheffer, Sonja J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Maisin, Navies] Malaysian Cocoa Board, Cocoa Res & Dev Ctr, Tawau 91012, Sabah, Malaysia. [Lambert, Smilja] Mars Snack Food Australia, Bauarat, Vic 3353, Australia. [Bin Purung, Hussin] Effem Foods SE Asia PT Effen, Mukassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. [Sulistyowati, Endang] Indonesian Coffee & Cocoa Res Inst, Jl PB Sudirmar, Jember 68118, Java, Indonesia. [Vega, Fernando E.] USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gende, Paul; Laup, Samson] Cocoa & Coconut Inst, Rabaul, E New Britai, Papua N Guinea. [Rosmana, Ade; Djam, Sylvia] Hassanudin Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Mukassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mars Inc, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. RP Shapiro, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM leo.shapiro@ars.usda.gov OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 FU Agricultural Cooperative Development International-Volunteers on Overseas Assistance (Washington, DC.); Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (Indonesia); Malaysian Cocoa Board (Malaysia) FX We thank Matt Lewis for technical help with data collection and Brian Verrelli for helpful discussions. Cathy Aime, John Brown, Dug Miller, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments oil the manuscript. We are grateful to also acknowledge support from all the organizations that assisted in obtaining our samples, including Agricultural Cooperative Development International-Volunteers on Overseas Assistance (Washington, DC.), Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (Indonesia), and the Malaysian Cocoa Board (Malaysia). NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 930 EP 938 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[930:CCLGIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 352MY UT WOS:000259502500019 ER PT J AU Schafer, MO Pettis, JS Ritter, WG Neumann, P AF Schaefer, Marc O. Pettis, Jeff S. Ritter, Wolfgang Neumann, Peter TI A scientific note on quantitative diagnosis of small hive beetles, Aethina tumida, in the field SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; diagnosis; honeybee; infestation level; small hive beetle ID HONEYBEE COLONIES; 2 PARTS; PROGRESS; MURRAY; IPM C1 [Schaefer, Marc O.; Ritter, Wolfgang] Chem & Veterinaruntersuchungsamt Freiburg CVUA, Fachgebiet Bienen, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. [Pettis, Jeff S.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Neumann, Peter] Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Neumann, Peter] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Neumann, Peter] Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming, Peoples R China. RP Schafer, MO (reprint author), Chem & Veterinaruntersuchungsamt Freiburg CVUA, Fachgebiet Bienen, Moosweiher 2, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. EM marc.schaefer@hotmail.com FU University of Western Sydney; German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection FX We would like to thank all beekeepers for access to their colonies, the University of Western Sydney for logistical support, and Sven Buchholz and Sebastian Spiewok for field assistance. Financial support was granted to WR and MS by the German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection through the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 39 IS 5 BP 564 EP 565 DI 10.1051/apido:2008038 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 367DG UT WOS:000260532100011 ER PT J AU Brandl, MT AF Brandl, M. T. TI Plant lesions promote the rapid multiplication of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on postharvest lettuce SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; CHLORINE TREATMENT; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; WATER; CONTAMINATION; VEGETABLES; ATTACHMENT; VIABILITY AB Several outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections have been associated with minimally processed leafy vegetables in the United States. Harvesting and processing cause plant tissue damage. In order to assess the role of plant tissue damage in the contamination of leafy greens with E. coli O157:H7, the effect of mechanical, physiological, and plant disease-induced lesions on the growth of this pathogen on postharvest romaine lettuce was investigated. Within only 4 h after inoculation, the population sizes of E. coli O157:H7 increased 4.0-, 4.5-, and 11.0-fold on lettuce leaves that were mechanically bruised, cut into large pieces, and shredded into multiple pieces, respectively. During the same time, E. coli O157:H7 population sizes increased only twofold on leaves that were left intact after harvest. Also, the population size of E. coli O157:H7 was 27 times greater on young leaves affected by soft rot due to infection by Erwinia chrysanthemi than on healthy middle-aged leaves. Confocal microscopy revealed that leaf tip burn lesions, which are caused by a common physiological disorder of lettuce, harbored dense populations of E. coli O157:H7 cells both internally and externally. Investigation of the colonization of cut lettuce stems by E. coli O157: H7 showed that the pathogen grew 11-fold over 4 h of incubation after its inoculation onto the stems, from which large amounts of latex were released. The results of this study indicate that plant tissue damage of various types can promote significant multiplication of E. coli O157:H7 over a short time and suggest that harvesting and processing are critical control points in the prevention or reduction of E. coli O157:H7 contamination of lettuce. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Brandl, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM maria.brandl@ars.usda.gov FU U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service [5325-42000-044-00D] FX Thanks are given to Jennifer Kyle, Danielle Goudeau, and Aileen Haxo for technical assistance and to Robert Mandrell for review of the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund and by funds from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (CRIS project 5325-42000-044-00D). NR 27 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 74 IS 17 BP 5285 EP 5289 DI 10.1128/AEM.01073-08 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 343CB UT WOS:000258829100003 PM 18641153 ER PT J AU Barak, JD Liang, A Narm, KE AF Barak, Jeri D. Liang, Anita Narm, Koh-Eun TI Differential attachment to and subsequent contamination of agricultural crops by Salmonella enterica SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; LETTUCE; OUTBREAK; CONSUMPTION; MANURE; FATE; GFP AB U.S. salmonellosis outbreaks have occurred following consumption of tomato and cantaloupe but not lettuce. We report differential contamination among agricultural seedlings by Salmonella enterica via soil. Members of the family Brassicaceae had a higher incidence of outbreak than carrot, lettuce, and tomato. Once they were contaminated, phyllosphere populations were similar, except for tomato. Contamination differences exist among tomato cultivars. C1 [Barak, Jeri D.; Liang, Anita; Narm, Koh-Eun] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Barak, JD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Russell Labs, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barak@plantpath.wisc.edu NR 22 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 74 IS 17 BP 5568 EP 5570 DI 10.1128/AEM.01077-08 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 343CB UT WOS:000258829100039 PM 18606796 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Bergtold, JS Schwab, EB AF Raper, R. L. Bergtold, J. S. Schwab, E. B. TI EFFECT OF ROW PROXIMITY TO IN-ROW SUBSOILED ZONES ON COTTON PRODUCTIVITY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Subsoiling; Soil compaction; Strip-tillage; Conservation tillage; Precision agriculture ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; COASTAL PLAINS AB Producers in the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States manage soil compaction in conservation tillage systems by in-row subsoiling prior to planting. However, planting directly over the loosened zone of soil call be difficult ill high-residue conservation tillage systems where cover crop production is maximized, because the loosened soil is often covered by the large amounts of cover crop residue. Tractors equipped with guidance systems could assist with placement of in-row subsoiling and planting operations, but little is known about the accuracy necessary to maximize rooting development, reduce succeeding soil compaction, and optimize crop yield.. An experiment was conducted in south-central Alabama to determine the maximum distance in-row subsoiling performed by three different implements could be from the cotton row without reducing cotton growth and increasing soil compaction. Results showed that if the cotton row was within 5.1 cm of in-row subsoiling, the relative seed cotton yield is 44% greater than a corresponding no-subsoiling treatment. No significant differences were found between the three in-row subsoiling implements used in the experiment. Recommendations resulting from this experiment indicate that to maximize crop yields and minimize soil compaction in the row, the subsoiled zone should be kept within 5 cut of the row. C1 [Raper, R. L.; Bergtold, J. S.; Schwab, E. B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM randy.raper@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 573 EP 579 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 374WA UT WOS:000261073200005 ER PT J AU Byler, RK AF Byler, R. K. TI SEED COTTON MOISTURE RESTORATION IN A COMMERCIAL GIN SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Seed cotton; Moisture restoration; Moisture content; Spray; Lint; Quality AB Ginning seed cotton which is drier than ideal has been shown to result in increased fiber damage measured by an increased percentage of short fiber and reduced fiber length. Previous work has shown that adding moisture to seed cotton (before fiber removal front the seed) will result in improved fiber length properties. Commercially available atomizing nozzles were installed in a commercial cotton gin to apply unheated tap water to seed cotton between the dropper after seed cotton cleaning and above the auger in the conveyer-distributor situated before ginning. The moisture content (mc) of lint samples collected between the gin stand and the first lint cleaner was increased by between 0.2 and 1.1 percentage points with the system. The lint samples which had been ginned at higher mc had higher Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) length by weight and upper quartile length with lower short fiber content. The AFIS non-lint content was higher for higher mc lint and the AFIS nep content was lower but the differences were related to the lint mc, not the spray treatment. A small number of High Volume Instrument measurements were obtained for bales with and without moisture restoration front the same module and no statistically significant differences were observed in the measurements of fiber length, strength, leaf, and uniformity. The seed cotton moisture restoration resulted in a small improvement in fiber length for the commercial gin in which it was installed verifying that previous laboratory scale studies are applicable in commercial settings. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Byler, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rick.byler@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 587 EP 591 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 374WA UT WOS:000261073200007 ER PT J AU Armstrong, PR Weiting, M AF Armstrong, P. R. Weiting, M. TI DESIGN AND TESTING OF AN INSTRUMENTTO MEASURE EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT OF GRAIN SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Equilibrium moisture content; Grain; Quality; Storage ID HUMIDITY SENSORS AB Two instruments to measure the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of grain were designed and tested under different grain conditions to determine their measurement time and suitability for quick spot measurements. All initial prototype was developed and tested and used to refine a second prototype. Both used a relatively inexpensive digital relative humidity and temperature sensor Objectives were to determine factors affecting measurement performance and methods to minimize the effect of the factors which degraded performance. Specifically, the time response of the sensor was considered a major obstacle in obtaining quick measurements. Results showed that airflow over the sensor (0.60 m(3)/h) was required to reduce measurement times to all acceptable level. Modeling of the initial measured data with an exponential equation helped to predict when the sensor readings were in equilibrium with the grain environment, and reduce measurement time, but significant error can occur between predicted EMC and actual EMC values. Error correction methods were developed that reduced the error significantly but the methods are potentially sensitive to changes in the operating parameters of the instrument. C1 [Armstrong, P. R.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. [Weiting, M.] AgSense LLC, Huron, SD USA. RP Armstrong, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS USA. EM paul.armstrong@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 617 EP 624 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 374WA UT WOS:000261073200011 ER PT J AU Boac, JA Casada, ME Maghirang, RG AF Boac, J. A. Casada, M. E. Maghirang, R. G. TI FEED PELLET AND CORN DURABILITY AND BREAKAGE DURING REPEATED ELEVATOR HANDLING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Breakage; Grain elevator; Repeated handling; Feed pellets; Shelled corn; Durability index; Dust; Broken pellets; Particle size ID DUST; PERFORMANCE; ALFALFA; DIETS AB Pelleting of animal feeds is important for improved feeding efficiency and for convenience of handling. Pellet quality impacts the feeding benefits for the animals and pellet integrity during handling. To compare the effect of repeated handling on the quality of feed pellets and corn, a 22.6-t (1000-bu) lot of feed pellets made from corn meal and a 25.4-t (1000-bu) lot of shelled corn, were each transferred alternately between two storage bins in the USDA-ARS, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center research elevator at Manhattan, Kansas, at an average flow rate of 59.4 t/h. Samples from a diverter-type sampler were analyzed for particle size distribution (by sieving) and durability (by the tumbling box method). The apparent geometric mean diameter of pellet samples decreased with repeated transfers, whereas the mass of accumulated broken pellets increased with repeated transfers. The percentage of broken pellets increased by an average of 3.83% with each transfer from an initial value of 17.5%, which was significantly different from the values obtained from shelled corn (p < 0.05) with an average increase of 0.38% per transfer The durability index of feed pellets averaged 92.9% (standard deviation = 0.6%) and did not change significantly (p > 0.05) during the transfers. The durability index of shelled corn was also not significantly different during the transfers. Analysis of dust removed by the cyclone separators showed that the mass of dust < 0.125 mm was significantly less for feed pellets (0.337 kg/t of pellet mass) than for shelled corn (0.403 kg/t of corn mass). C1 [Casada, M. E.] USDA ARS, GMPRC, ERU, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Boac, J. A.; Maghirang, R. G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Casada, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, ERU, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM casada@ksu.edu RI Boac, Josephine/A-4697-2012 FU USDA [CRIS 5430-43440-005-00D]; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [06-354-A] FX The research was supported by USDA (CRIS No. 5430-43440-005-00D) and by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (Contribution No. 06-354-A). The technical support of Prof. Fred Fairchild (KSU) and Dr. Keith Behnke (KSU) and the assistance provided by Mr. Dennis Tilley (GMPRC), Jay St. Clair (GMPRC), Haidee Gonzales (KSU), and Li Guo (KSU) in conducting the experiments are highly appreciated. We also thank the Grain Science and Industry Department of Kansas State University for the use of the pellet durability tester. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 637 EP 643 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 374WA UT WOS:000261073200014 ER PT J AU Hector, RE Qureshi, N Hughes, SR Cotta, MA AF Hector, Ronald E. Qureshi, Nasib Hughes, Stephen R. Cotta, Michael A. TI Expression of a heterologous xylose transporter in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain engineered to utilize xylose improves aerobic xylose consumption SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saccharomyces cerevisiae; xylose fermentation; xylose transport; Arabidopsis thaliana ID YEAST HEXOSE TRANSPORTERS; HISTIDINE-TAGGED PROTEIN; MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORTER; FERMENTING YEAST; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CANDIDA-INTERMEDIA; PICHIA-STIPITIS; H+ SYMPORTER; FERMENTATION; METABOLISM AB The goal of this investigation was to determine the effect of a xylose transport system on glucose and xylose co-consumption as well as total xylose consumption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We expressed two heterologous transporters from Arabidopsis thaliana in recombinant xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae cells. Strains expressing the heterologous transporters were grown on glucose and xylose mixtures. Sugar consumption rates and ethanol concentrations were determined and compared to an isogenic control strain lacking the A. thaliana transporters. Expression of the transporters increased xylose uptake and xylose consumption up to 46% and 40%, respectively. Xylose co-consumption rates (prior to glucose depletion) were also increased by up to 2.5-fold compared to the control strain. Increased xylose consumption correlated with increased ethanol concentration and productivity. During the xylose/glucose co-consumption phase, strains expressing the transporters had up to a 70% increase in ethanol production rate. It was concluded that in these strains, xylose transport was a limiting factor for xylose utilization and that increasing xylose/glucose co-consumption is a viable strategy for improving xylose fermentation. C1 [Hector, Ronald E.; Qureshi, Nasib; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Hughes, Stephen R.] ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hector, RE (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Ronald.Hector@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 32 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 80 IS 4 BP 675 EP 684 DI 10.1007/s00253-008-1583-2 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 343US UT WOS:000258881400014 PM 18629494 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Mills, D Mathee, K Jayachandran, K Sojka, RE Narasimhan, G AF Entry, James A. Mills, DeEtta Mathee, Kalai Jayachandran, Krish Sojka, R. E. Narasimhan, Giri TI Influence of irrigated agriculture on soil microbial diversity SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; irrigation; amplicon length heterogeneity; bacterial biomass; fungal biomass ID AMPLICON LENGTH HETEROGENEITY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; COMMUNITY DIVERSITY; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY; PLANT; MANAGEMENT AB Organic carbon (C), bacterial biomass and structural community diversity were measured in Southern Idaho soils with long term cropping histories. The soils tested were native sagebrush vegetation (NSB), irrigated moldboard plowed crops (IMP), irrigated conservation - chisel tilled crops (ICT) and irrigated pasture systems (IP). Organic C concentration in soils decreased in the order NSB 0-5 cm > IP 0-30 cm = ICT 0-15 cm > IMP 0-30 cm > NSB 5-15 cm = NSB 1530 cm. Active bacterial, fungal and microbial biomass correlated with soil C as measured by the Walkely Black method in positive curvilinear relationships (r(2) = 0.93, 0.80 and 0.76, respectively). Amplicon length heterogeneity (LH-PCR) DNA profiling was used to access the eubacterial diversity in all soils and at all depths. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index was used to measure the differences using the combined data from three hypervariable domains of the eubacterial 16S rRNA genes. Diversity was greatest in NSB 15-30 cm soil and lowest in the IMP soil. With the exception of IMP with the lowest diversity index, the samples highest in C (NSB 05 cm, IP 0-30 cm, ICT 0-15 cm) reflected lower diversity indices. However, these indices were not significantly different from each other. ICT and IP increase soil C and to some extent increase diversity relative to IMP. Since soil bacteria respond quickly to environmental changes, monitoring microbial communities may be one way to assess the impact of agricultural practices such as irrigation and tillage regimes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Entry, James A.; Sojka, R. E.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Mills, DeEtta; Mathee, Kalai] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Jayachandran, Krish] Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Narasimhan, Giri] Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp & Informat Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jentry@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov RI Mills, DeEtta/G-8532-2015 OI Mills, DeEtta/0000-0002-9977-7834 NR 52 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.03.012 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 351HA UT WOS:000259414100016 ER PT J AU Hawkins, CL Shipitalo, MJ Rutledge, EM Savin, MC Brye, KR AF Hawkins, Carrie L. Shipitalo, Martin J. Rutledge, E. Moye Savin, Mary C. Brye, KTiStofor R. TI Earthworm populations in septic system filter fields and potential effects on wastewater renovation SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE earthworms; septic systems; wastewater ID TANK EFFLUENT; ABUNDANCE; MOVEMENT; DRAINAGE; SOILS AB Wastewater renovation in septic-system filter fields can be affected by preferential flow through soil macropores. Anecic earthworm species make deep vertical burrows that may reduce renovation by acting as preferential flow paths that decrease effluent contact with the soil matrix. On the other hand, endogeic earthworms make largely horizontal burrows that may enhance wastewater renovation by distributing the effluent over a larger area. Additionally, the moist, nutrient-rich environment in filter fields may increase earthworm populations by enhancing their survival. Therefore, our objectives were to determine earthworm numbers and biomass with distance from soil treatment trenches, and identify species present to estimate potential effects on wastewater renovation. Five septic systems were investigated. At each site, earthworm populations were measured using formalin extraction at 10 locations along each of three 7-m long transects perpendicular to the trenches. There were an average of 6.4 times more earthworms and 5.4 times more earthworm biomass within 1 in of the trench than in the background (3.5-7.0 in from the trenches) in 13 of the 15 transects. This suggests that earthworms may have a significant effect on the movement of effluent. Because only epigeic and endogeic species were observed, the potential for reduced renovation and groundwater contamination at these sites is likely low. This may not be the case in areas with large numbers of anecic earthworms. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hawkins, Carrie L.; Rutledge, E. Moye; Savin, Mary C.; Brye, KTiStofor R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Shipitalo, Martin J.] ARS, USDA, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Hawkins, CL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 115 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM clhawki@uark.edu OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.03.001 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 351HA UT WOS:000259414100022 ER PT J AU Garcia, JC Klesius, PH Evans, JJ Shoemaker, CA AF Garcia, Julio C. Klesius, Phillip H. Evans, Joyce J. Shoemaker, Craig A. TI Non-infectivity of cattle Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus agalactiae; fish; cattle; phenotypic characteristics; infectivity ID GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCI; DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; NONHEMOLYTIC GROUP-B; BOVINE; MICE; DIFFICILE; ORIGIN; MILK; FISH AB Streptococcus agalactiae is classified as a Lancefield's group B Streptococcus. It is one-causative bacterium of streptococcosis that is responsible for severe economic losses in wild and cultured fish worldwide. S. agalactiae also causes bovine mastitis. No information is available on infectivity of cattle S. agalactiae isolates in fish. In the present study, the results showed that 10 cattle isolates from 8 different dairy farms were not infectious in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) or channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) at greater than 108 colony forming units per fish. S. agalactiae was not re-isolated from the brain or head kidney of the fish at 24 and 48 h post-injection. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Garcia, Julio C.; Klesius, Phillip H.; Shoemaker, Craig A.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Evans, Joyce J.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21260 USA. RP Klesius, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM pklesius@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 281 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.05.028 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 352FP UT WOS:000259481400025 ER PT J AU Shelby, RA Lim, C Yildrim-Aksoy, M Klesius, PH AF Shelby, Richard A. Lim, Chhorn Yildrim-Aksoy, Mediha Klesius, Phillip H. TI Effect of distillers dried grains with solubles-incorporated diets on growth, immune function and disease resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE distillers grain with solubles; Nile tilapia; nutrition; immunity ID ETHANOL COPRODUCTS; CHANNEL CATFISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; CORN; PROTEIN; FRY C1 [Shelby, Richard A.; Lim, Chhorn; Yildrim-Aksoy, Mediha; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Shelby, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rshelby@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1351 EP 1353 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02000.x PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 353NV UT WOS:000259575600014 ER PT J AU Lamon-Fava, S Diffenderfer, MR Barrett, PHR Buchsbaum, A Nyaku, M Horvath, KV Asztalos, BF Otokozawa, S Ai, M Matthan, NR Lichtenstein, AH Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ AF Lamon-Fava, Stefania Diffenderfer, Margaret R. Barrett, P. Hugh R. Buchsbaum, Aaron Nyaku, Mawuli Horvath, Katalin V. Asztalos, Bela F. Otokozawa, Seiko Ai, Masumi Matthan, Nirupa R. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Extended-release niacin alters the metabolism of plasma apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and apoB-containing lipoproteins SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein; high-density lipoprotein; kinetics; lipid-lowering medications; triglyceride ID FREE FATTY-ACIDS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; NICOTINIC-ACID; LOW-DENSITY; LONG-TERM; CHOLESTEROL; THERAPY; SERUM; HDL; ATORVASTATIN AB Objectives-Extended-release niacin effectively lowers plasma TG levels and raises plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, but the mechanisms responsible for these effects are unclear. Methods and Results-We examined the effects of extended-release niacin (2 g/d) and extended-release niacin (2 g/d) plus lovastatin (40 mg/d), relative to placebo, on the kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoA-II in HDL, apoB-100 in TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and apoB-48 in TRL in 5 men with combined hyperlipidemia. Niacin significantly increased HDL cholesterol and apoA-I concentrations, associated with a significant increase in apoA-I production rate (PR) and no change in fractional catabolic rate (FCR). Plasma TRL apoB-100 levels were significantly lowered by niacin, accompanied by a trend toward an increase in FCR and no change in PR. Niacin treatment significantly increased TRL apoB-48 FCR but had no effect on apoB-48 PR. No effects of niacin on concentrations or kinetic parameters of IDL and LDL apoB-100 and HDL apoA-II were noted. The addition of lovastatin to niacin promoted a lowering in LDL apoB-100 attributable to increased LDL apoB-100 FCR. Conclusion-Niacin treatment was associated with significant increases in HDL apoA-I concentrations and production, as well as enhanced clearance of TRL apoB-100 and apoB-48. C1 [Lamon-Fava, Stefania; Diffenderfer, Margaret R.; Buchsbaum, Aaron; Nyaku, Mawuli; Horvath, Katalin V.; Asztalos, Bela F.; Otokozawa, Seiko; Ai, Masumi; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Matthan, Nirupa R.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dolnikowski, Gregory G.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Barrett, P. Hugh R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM stefania.lamon-fava@tufts.edu RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; OI Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000054, M01 RR000054-40A10673, M01 RR00054]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB-00195, P41 EB001975-09] NR 39 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1672 EP 1678 DI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.164541 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 339WP UT WOS:000258608300017 PM 18566298 ER PT J AU Lo, GH Smith, MH McAdams, EL Carr, KA Nuite, M Dawson-Hughes, B Palermo, N McAlindon, TE AF Lo, G. H. Smith, M. H. McAdams, E. L. Carr, K. A. Nuite, M. Dawson-Hughes, B. Palermo, N. McAlindon, T. E. TI Baseline vitamin D status is predictive of longitudinal change in tibial BMD in knee osteoarthritis (OA) SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Lo, G. H.; Smith, M. H.; McAdams, E. L.; Carr, K. A.; Nuite, M.; McAlindon, T. E.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Dawson-Hughes, B.; Palermo, N.] Jean Mayer USDA HNRC Aging, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S239 EP S239 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244200215 ER PT J AU Smith, MH Lo, GH Nuite, M McAdams, EL Carr, KA Joas, JP Dawson-Hughes, B Palerrno, N McAlindon, TE AF Smith, M. H. Lo, G. H. Nuite, M. McAdams, E. L. Carr, K. A. Joas, J. P. Dawson-Hughes, B. Palerrno, N. McAlindon, T. E. TI Increased medial tibial bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with deterioration in walking ability and pain in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Smith, M. H.; Lo, G. H.; Nuite, M.; McAdams, E. L.; Carr, K. A.; Joas, J. P.; McAlindon, T. E.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Dawson-Hughes, B.; Palerrno, N.] Jean Mayer USDA HNRC Aging, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S424 EP S424 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244200718 ER PT J AU Polisecki, E Peter, I Robertson, M McMahon, AD Ford, I Packard, C Shepherd, J Jukema, JW Blauw, GJ Westendorp, RGJ de Craen, AJM Trompet, S Buckley, BM Murphy, MB Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Polisecki, Eliana Peter, Inga Robertson, Michele McMahon, Alex D. Ford, Ian Packard, Christopher Shepherd, James Jukema, J. Wouter Blauw, Gerard J. Westendorp, Rudi G. J. de Craen, Anton J. M. Trompet, Stella Buckley, Brendan M. Murphy, Michael B. Ordovas, Jose M. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus moderately lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but does not significantly lower vascular disease risk in an elderly population SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE genetics; statins; low-density lipoproteins (LDL); coronary heart disease (CHD); proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease (PCSK9); vascular disease; elderly ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; STATINS; MEN; METAANALYSIS; PRAVASTATIN; MUTATIONS; RECEPTOR; THERAPY AB Caucasian carriers of the T allele at R46L in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) locus have been reported to have 15% lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (C) levels and 47% lower coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Our objective was to examine two PCSK9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), R46L and E670G, in 5783 elderly participants in Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER), of whom 43% had a history of vascular disease at baseline, and who were randomized to pravastatin or placebo with followup. In this population 3.5% were carriers of the T allele at R46L, and these subjects had significantly (p < 0.001) lower levels of LDL C (mean, -10%), no difference in LDL C lowering response to pravastatin, and a non-significant 19% unadjusted and 9% adjusted decreased risk of vascular disease at baseline, with no on trial effect. Moreover, 6.0% were carriers of the G allele at E670G with no significant relationships with baseline LDL C, response to pravastatin, or vascular disease risk being observed. Our data support the concept that the rare allele of the R46L SNP at the PCSK9 locus significantly lowers LDL C, but does not greatly reduce CHD risk in an elderly population with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Cardiovasc Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Peter, Inga] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. [Robertson, Michele; McMahon, Alex D.; Ford, Ian] Univ Glasgow, Robertson Ctr Biostat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Packard, Christopher; Shepherd, James] Univ Glasgow, Dept Vasc Biochem, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Jukema, J. Wouter; Trompet, Stella] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Leiden, Netherlands. [Blauw, Gerard J.; Westendorp, Rudi G. J.; de Craen, Anton J. M.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Sect Gerontol & Geriatr, Leiden, Netherlands. [Buckley, Brendan M.; Murphy, Michael B.] Cork Univ Hosp, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Cork, Ireland. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Cardiovasc Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu RI Murphy, Michael/A-1310-2011; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 24 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 200 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.005 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 353EV UT WOS:000259549800012 PM 18262190 ER PT J AU Polisecki, E Muallem, H Maeda, N Peter, I Robertson, M McMahon, AD Ford, I Packard, C Shepherd, J Jukema, JW Westendorp, RGJ de Craen, AJM Buckley, BM Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Polisecki, Eliana Muallem, Hind Maeda, Nobuyo Peter, Inga Robertson, Michele McMahon, Alex D. Ford, Ian Packard, Christopher Shepherd, James Jukema, J. Wouter Westendorp, Rudi G. J. de Craen, Anton J. M. Buckley, Brendan M. Ordovas, Jose M. Schaefer, Ernst J. CA PROSPER Invest TI Genetic variation at the LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase gene loci, lipid levels, statin response, and cardiovascular disease incidence in PROSPER SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE genetics; statins; low density lipoproteins (LDLs); coronary heart disease (CHD); HMGCR gene; LDLR gene ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; CHOLESTEROL; RISK; METAANALYSIS; PRAVASTATIN; THERAPY AB Our purpose was to evaluate associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR C44857T, minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.26, and A44964G, MAF 0.25, both in the untranslated region) and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR i18 T > G, MAF 0.019) gene loci with baseline lipid values, statin-induced LDL-cholesterol (C) lowering response, and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) on trial. Our population consisted of 5804 elderly men and women with vascular disease or one or more vascular disease risk factors, who were randomly allocated to pravastatin or placebo. Other risk factors and apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotype were controlled for in the analysis. Despite a prior report, no relationships with the HMGCR SNP were noted. For the LDLR SNPs C44857T and A44964G we noted significant associations of the rare alleles with baseline LDL-C and triglyceride levels, a modest association of the C44857T with LDL-C lowering to pravastatin in men, and significant associations with incident CHD and CVD of both SNPs, especially in men on pravastatin. Our data indicate that genetic variation at the LDLR locus can affect baseline lipids, response to pravastatin, and CVD risk in subjects placed on statin treatment. 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Sch Med, Cardiovasc Res & Lipid Metab Labs, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Polisecki, Eliana; Ordovas, Jose M.; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Muallem, Hind; Maeda, Nobuyo] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Peter, Inga] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. [Robertson, Michele; McMahon, Alex D.; Ford, Ian] Univ Glasgow, Robertson Ctr Biostat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Packard, Christopher; Shepherd, James] Univ Glasgow, Dept Vasc Biochem, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Jukema, J. Wouter; Westendorp, Rudi G. J.; de Craen, Anton J. M.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Leiden, Netherlands. [Buckley, Brendan M.] Cork Univ Hosp, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Cork, Ireland. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Sch Med, Cardiovasc Res & Lipid Metab Labs, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA [74753, HL 60935, HL 42630]; Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA FX This work was supported by grants 74753 and HL 60935 and HL 42630 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, and an investigator initial grant from Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA. NR 19 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 200 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.004 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 353EV UT WOS:000259549800014 PM 18261733 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Lopez-Miranda, J Perez-Jimenez, F Ordovas, JM AF Perez-Martinez, Pablo Lopez-Miranda, Jose Perez-Jimenez, Francisco Ordovas, Jose M. TI Influence of genetic factors in the modulation of postprandial lipemia SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of Chylomicrons in Disease CY MAR 06-08, 2008 CL Lake Louise, CANADA SP Merck Frosst, Schering Pharmaceut, Pfizer Canada, Dairy Farmers Canada DE Postprandial lipemia; Gene-diet interactions; Fat overloads; Polymorphism ID DIETARY-FAT CLEARANCE; EUROPEAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS RESEARCH; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE DEFICIENCY; HEALTHY CAUCASIAN POPULATION; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; BINDING PROTEIN-2 GENE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B GENE; LDL PARTICLE-SIZE; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; SR-BI AB Postprandial lipemia is traditionally defined by the extent and duration of the increase in plasma triglycerides in response to a fat-enriched meal. The relationship between alimentary lipemia and coronary disease is of great interest in view of the epidemiological and experimental evidence that underlies it. The rate of synthesis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, lipoprotein lipase-mediated triglyceride hydrolysis, and the hepatic capture of chylomicron remnants via the interaction of the lipoprotein receptor with APOE and LPL, are the fundamental pillars of the metabolism and modification of these lipoproteins. The modulation of such phenomena is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. thus explaining their extraordinary individual variance. This review presents the Current evidence linking a number of candidate genes to the modulation of postprandial lipid metabolism. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Perez-Martinez, Pablo; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Perez-Martinez, Pablo; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco] Univ Cordoba, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Inst Salud Carlos III, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776, R01 HL054776] NR 54 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2008.05.005 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 363UJ UT WOS:000260292100010 PM 18603482 ER PT J AU Todd, RW Cole, NA Clark, RN Flesch, TK Harper, LA Baek, BH AF Todd, Richard W. Cole, N. Andy Clark, R. Nolan Flesch, Thomas K. Harper, Lowry A. Baek, Bok H. TI Ammonia emissions from a beef cattle feedyard on the southern High Plains SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Emission rate; Emission factor; Beef cattle; Feedyard; Feedlot; Micrometeorology; Inverse dispersion model ID INVERSE-DISPERSION TECHNIQUE; UREA NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS; CRUDE PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; FEEDLOT; MANURE; GAS; PERFORMANCE; STEERS AB Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are major sources of ammonia into the atmosphere. There is considerable literature on ammonia emissions from and swine CAFO, but few comprehensive studies have investigated large open lot, cattle feedyards. Ammonia emission rates and emission factors for a 77-ha, commercial beef cattle feedyard on the southern High Plains were quantified measured profiles of ammonia concentration, wind speed and air temperature, inverse dispersion model. Mean summer emission rate was 7420 kg NH3 d(-1), and emission rate was about half that, at 3330 kg NH3 d(-1). Annual NH3-N emission rate 4430 kg NH3-N d(-1), which was 53% of the N fed to cattle. Daily per capita NH3-N increased by 10-64% after the daily per capita N in feed rations increased by Annual emission factors for the pen area of the feedyard were 19.3 kg NH3 (head fed)(-1), or 70.2 kg NH3 Mg-1 biomass produced. Annual emission factors for the retention of the feedyard were estimated to be 0.9 kg NH3 (head fed)(-1), or 3.2 kg NH3 Mg-1 produced. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Todd, Richard W.; Cole, N. Andy; Clark, R. Nolan] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Flesch, Thomas K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Harper, Lowry A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Baek, Bok H.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Environm Modeling Policy Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Todd, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM richard.todd@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [TS2006-06009] FX The authors are indebted to the technical excellence and diligent efforts of Larry Fulton, Jeannette Herring, Amber Mason, Heather Robbe, Shyla Harris, Britmey Mays, Kim Bush and Klara Fielder. The research could not have been accomplished without the outstanding cooperation of management and staff at the cooperating feedyard. This project was supported by Grant no. TS2006-06009 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 44 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 42 IS 28 BP 6797 EP 6805 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 363KA UT WOS:000260265000010 ER PT J AU Johnson, EW Wittwer, D AF Johnson, E. W. Wittwer, D. TI Aerial detection surveys in the United States SO AUSTRALIAN FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE aerial surveys; mapping; surveillance; detection; forest damage; forest health; monitoring; pest management; forest management; United States of America AB Aerial detection Survey, also known as aerial sketchmapping, involves observing forest change events from ail aircraft and documenting them manually onto a map. Data from aerial Surveys have become an important component of the Forest Health Monitoring program, a national program designed to determine the status, changes and trends in indicators of forest condition. Aerial surveys are an effective and economical means of monitoring and mapping common forest disturbances such as tree damage and tree mortality caused by insects and disease. Information from aerial surveys call be considered the first stage in a multi-stage or multi-phase sampling design. Aerial sketchmap surveys have been used in the United States since the 1940s. Today, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, together with other federal, state and County cooperators conducts annual sketchmap Surveys across all land ownerships. Between 2002 and 2006 ail annual average of 1800000 km(2) of forested lands were aerially Surveyed within the United States alone. Traditionally, forest damage has been sketchmapped on United States Geological Survey paper-base maps. Recently, the USDA Forest Service's Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) developed a digital aerial sketchmapping system that automates this process, allowing users to digitise polygons directly onto a touch-screen linked to a global positioning system (GPS) unit and Computer or onto a tablet PC with ail integrated GPS. C1 [Wittwer, D.] USDA Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Johnson, E. W.] USDA Forest Serv, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnson, EW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 709 W 9th St,Suite 831H, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ejohnson02@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST FORESTERS AUSTRALIA PI YARRALUMLA PA P O BOX 2, YARRALUMLA, ACT 2600, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9158 J9 AUSTRAL FOR JI Austral. For. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 212 EP 215 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 346QQ UT WOS:000259084500008 ER PT J AU Johnson, EW Ross, J AF Johnson, Erik W. Ross, Jennifer TI Quantifying error in aerial survey data SO AUSTRALIAN FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE aerial surveys; mapping; accuracy; assessment; errors; forest damage; forest management; pests; detection; monitoring; remote sensing AB Aerial survey, also referred to as aerial sketch mapping, is the technique of observing symptoms of forest damage from an aircraft and transferring the information manually onto a base map. Recent high levels of bark beetle mortality across the western United States have generated greater demands for, and more disparate uses of, aerial Survey data. While aerial Survey data are typically considered to be qualitative in nature, the recent application of the data has driven all interest in assessing its spatial and categorical accuracies quantitatively. This paper describes methods for assessing the accuracy of aerial survey data and discusses several implications and applications related to the error results. The error matrix and kappa (K) statistic, commonly used to assess accuracies of image classifications in remote sensing, were used to describe errors present in the aerial Survey data. Field crews collected ground data that were used to validate the aerial classifications oil 233 plots across 17.3 million ha. An additional 24 plots were incorporated into the validation from a complementary project, bringing the total number of plots to 257. Errors within the aerial survey data were found to be acceptable for coarse-scale analyses but excessive for use at fine spatial scales. In addition, this paper discusses the benefits of error analysis which include the quantification of errors for reporting purposes, the inclusion of error rates in the rnetadata, and the ability to focus training programs and technology development by highlighting classes with the highest error. Finally, the cost associated with accuracy assessment implementation is described and weighed against the benefits. C1 [Johnson, Erik W.; Ross, Jennifer] USDA Forest Serv, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnson, EW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 709 W 9th St,Suite 831H, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ejohnson02@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU INST FORESTERS AUSTRALIA PI YARRALUMLA PA P O BOX 2, YARRALUMLA, ACT 2600, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9158 J9 AUSTRAL FOR JI Austral. For. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 216 EP 222 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 346QQ UT WOS:000259084500009 ER PT J AU Bennett, DD Tkacz, BM AF Bennett, Dayle D. Tkacz, Borys M. TI Forest health monitoring in the United States: a program overview SO AUSTRALIAN FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest health; surveillance; methodologies; monitoring; pest management; forest management; United States of America AB The Forest Health Monitoring Program in the United States is a science-based, comprehensive monitoring system that provides statistically precise and accurate baseline and forest health trend information to determine detrimental changes or improvements that occur in our forests over time. This program, initiated in 1990 to provide information on forest health and sustainability, consists of four separate, interrelated activities, including detection monitoring, evaluation monitoring, research on monitoring techniques, and intensive site monitoring. Descriptions and examples are provided for each activity. C1 [Bennett, Dayle D.] USDA Forest Serv, Boise Field Off, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Tkacz, Borys M.] USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bennett, DD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Boise Field Off, 1249 S Vinnell Way,Suite 200, Boise, ID 83709 USA. EM ddbennett@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST FORESTERS AUSTRALIA PI YARRALUMLA PA P O BOX 2, YARRALUMLA, ACT 2600, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9158 J9 AUSTRAL FOR JI Austral. For. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 346QQ UT WOS:000259084500010 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, S King, DJ Cardona, CJ Gerry, AC AF Chakrabarti, Seemanti King, Daniel J. Cardona, Carol J. Gerry, Alec C. TI Persistence of Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus (ENDV) in Laboratory Infected Musca domestica and Fannia canicularis SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE flies; Newcastle disease virus; poultry; chickens; mechanical vector ID MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA; TRANSMISSION; HOUSEFLIES; CHICKENS; POULTRY; FLIES; PATHOGENICITY; CALIFORNIA; INFLUENZA AB House flies (Musca domestica) and little house flies (Fannia canicularis) were examined for their ability to take up and harbor a velogenic strain of exotic Newcastle disease virus (ENDV) (family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus). Laboratory-reared flies were allowed to feed on evaporated milk containing ENDV at a virus concentration of 10(8.3) egg infectious dose (EID)(50)/0.1 ml or on poultry feces containing an ENDV titer of 10(5.8) EID50/0.1 g. Flies exposed to either infectious food source for 24 hr became transiently infected with virus. Virus persisted predominantly in the mid- and hindgut, with relatively little virus isolated from the remainder of the fly body. Virus persisted similarly in both fly species that were fed evaporated milk containing ENDV, with a maximum ENDV titer of 10(5.98) EID50/fly for the house fly and 10(4.78) EID50/fly for the little house fly at 1 day postexposure; titers decreased on subsequent days to 10(2.38) EID50/fly for house fly and >= 1 EID50/fly for little house fly at 5 days postexposure. Both fly species acquired viral titers greater than the infective dose for a susceptible chicken (10(3.0) EID50-10(4.0) EID50). In addition, flies fed evaporated milk containing a high titer of ENDV maintained viral titers above the infective dose for up to 4 days postexposure to the infectious food source. Flies fed on infective feces retained a chicken infective dose for only one day. The decrease in viral titer over time was significantly explained by logistic regression for both fly species (P < 0.05). The slope of the regression line was not different for the two fly species (P < 0.05), indicating a similar rate of virus loss. C1 [Chakrabarti, Seemanti; Gerry, Alec C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [King, Daniel J.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Cardona, Carol J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gerry, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM alec.gerry@ucr.edu FU USDA-CSREES [2003-34439-13366]; ARS CRIS [6612-32000-049-00D] FX This study was funded by USDA-CSREES Grant No. 2003-34439-13366 ("Exotic Pests and Diseases''); managed by the UCANR Statewide IPM Program; and awarded to ACG and CJC and USDA, ARS CRIS project number 6612-32000-049-00D. We would like to thank Diane Zhang for fly colony maintenance and Timothy Olivier for his help in conducting the experiments. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1637/8173-111407-Reg PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NJ UT WOS:000260908000002 PM 18939622 ER PT J AU Day, JM Spackman, E Pantin-Jackwood, MJ AF Day, J. Michael Spackman, Erica Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. TI Turkey Origin Reovirus-Induced Immune Dysfunction in Specific Pathogen Free and Commercial Turkey Poults SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian reovirus; immunosuppression; enteric virus ID AVIAN REOVIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CULTURED-CELLS; CHICKENS; VIRUS; GENE; LYMPHOPROLIFERATION; MACROPHAGES; INFECTION; APOPTOSIS AB Recently, pathogenesis studies, using genetically distinct turkey-origin reoviruses (TRVs), revealed that poults infected with certain TRV isolates had moderate to severe bursal atrophy, suggesting virus-induced immune dysfunction. In order to characterize the effect of TRV infection on the turkey immune system, classical assays were undertaken to quantify the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in small Beltsville and broad-breasted white poults infected with the TRV isolate NC/SEPR44/03. A marked effect on the cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response, and on the antibody response to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) exposure, was noted in commercial and specific pathogen free (SPF) poults inoculated with NC/SEP-R44/03 at three days of age. Moderate to severe bursal atrophy, similar to that noted previously in SPF poults, occurred in commercial poults inoculated at three days of age. This immune dysfunction and bursal atrophy was not present in commercial poults inoculated at three weeks of age. C1 [Day, J. Michael; Spackman, Erica; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Day, JM (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Michael.Day@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) [6612-32000-036] FX We thank Scott Lee and Chris Stephens for technical assistance with this investigation. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) CRIS project #6612-32000-036. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1637/8190-120607-Reg PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NJ UT WOS:000260908000004 PM 18939624 ER PT J AU Zhang, HM Bacon, LD Fadly, AM AF Zhang, Huanmin Bacon, Larry D. Fadly, Aly M. TI Development of an Endogenous Virus-Free Line of Chickens Susceptible to All Subgroups of Avian Leukosis Virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chicken line; free of endogenous viruses; ALV susceptibility ID MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINES; HIGH EGG-PRODUCTION; ROUS-SARCOMA VIRUS; MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS; VIRAL GENES; LYMPHOID LEUKOSIS; LEGHORN CHICKENS; MUMPS VACCINES; RECEPTOR GENE; TUMOR-VIRUS AB Primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) from special specific pathogen-free chicken lines are used for detection of contamination of adult or embryonic tissues, meconium, or tissue culture fluids with avian leukosis viruses (ALV). The suitability and efficiency of such tests depend on the susceptibility of CEF to the various subgroups of exogenous as well as endogenous ALV. The ideal CEF for such tests should be not only susceptible to all retroviruses, but also free of endogenous viruses so that such tests are immune to any interference that may occur between the endogenous and the tested (exogenous) viruses. CEF and/or chickens free of endogenous viruses are also desirable for gene transfer studies using retroviral vectors, such as RNA interference (RNAi) experiments and transgenic work. The absence of ev genes in CEF or chickens can empower clean detection of successful RNAi construct delivery or gene transfer. CEF free of ev genes are also essential reagents routinely used in growing and detecting unknown retroviruses in varied viral assays. This report documents the development of a new line of chickens, 0.TVB*S1, that is free of endogenous viruses and susceptible to all subgroups of ALV identified in chickens. C1 [Zhang, Huanmin; Bacon, Larry D.; Fadly, Aly M.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Zhang, HM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM huanmin.zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 412 EP 418 DI 10.1637/8180-112707-Reg PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NJ UT WOS:000260908000008 PM 18939628 ER PT J AU Tabatabai, LB Zehr, ES Zimmerli, MK Nagaraja, KV AF Tabatabai, Louisa B. Zehr, Emilie S. Zimmerli, Mandy K. Nagaraja, Kakambi V. TI Iron Acquisition by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale; iron acquisition; outer membrane proteins ID PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; OUTER; SIDEROPHORES; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; HEME AB Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is an emerging respiratory pathogen of poultry in North America that is causing millions of dollars in economic losses to the poultry industry. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is associated with airsacculitis, pleuritis, pneumonia, and consolidation of lungs. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of infection. In this study, the mechanism of iron acquisition by O. rhinotracheale was explored. O. rhinotracheale strains grown under iron deprivation in media containing 200 mu M 2,2'-dipyridyl did not secrete siderophores as measured by the chrome azurol S (CAS) agar and CAS solution assays. Filter disks impregnated with various protein-bound iron compounds and inorganic iron salts of Fe(III) and Fe(II) placed on iron-restricted agar inoculated with a lawn of O. rhinotracheale supported growth from sheep and porcine hemoglobins, ovotransferrin, Fe(III), and Fe(II), but they did not support growth from bovine transferrin, bovine apo-transferrin, bovine lactoferrin, and hemin. However, both bovine hemoglobin and transferrin supported growth of O. rhinotracheale serotype C. Four immunoreactive proteins involved in iron acquisition were identified in an O. rhinotracheale membrane extract by using mass spectrometry. Furthermore, O. rhinotracheale field strains showed differential sensitivity to 2,2'-dipyridyl. Of the 72 field strains tested, 22 strains were resistant to the iron chelator at concentrations of 50 mM and 100 mM, suggesting this attribute may be related to disease-producing potential of these strains. This is the first report on the identification of the iron acquisition mechanism of O. rhinotracheale. C1 [Tabatabai, Louisa B.; Zehr, Emilie S.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Zimmerli, Mandy K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nagaraja, Kakambi V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Tabatabai, LB (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM louisa.tabatabai@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1637/8185-113007-Reg PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NJ UT WOS:000260908000009 PM 18939629 ER PT J AU Hunt, H Fadly, A Silva, R Zhang, HM AF Hunt, Henry Fadly, Aly Silva, Robert Zhang, Huanmin TI Survey of Endogenous Virus and TVB* Receptor Status of Commercial Chicken Stocks Supplying Specific-Pathogen-Free Eggs SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE retrovirus; poultry; endogenous; receptor; pathogen free; chicken ID AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS; VIRAL LOCI; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; RETROVIRUS LOCI; SUBGROUP; GENES; EXPRESSION; LINES; PROVIRUSES AB Endogenous avian leukosis virus (ALVE) and the ALVE receptor (TVB*S1) status of six commercial chicken lines supplying specific-pathogen-free eggs were analyzed. All commercial chicken lines are certified free of the avian leukosis virus (ALV) by screening for expression of the p27 protein using the standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The commercial chicken lines A, E, and F contained replication competent ALVE inserts. Line A was fixed for ALVE21, and lines E and F were segregating for ALVE10. In addition, ALVE1 was detected in all the chicken lines. Chicken lines B, D, and F were essentially fixed for the TVB*S1 allele that confers susceptibility to ALVE, whereas lines A, C, B, and E were resistant, containing either the TVB*S3 or TVB*R alleles. The results show that lines selected to be ALV p27 negative give rise to two different genotypes. One genotype lacks the TVB*S1 receptor for ALVE. Chicken lines with the TVB*S1 negative genotype can retain replication competent endogenous virus inserts such as ALVE2,10, or 21 and still display the p27 negative phenotype. These replication competent ALVE viruses are phenotypically p27 negative in the absence of the TVB*S1 receptor because their chromosomal integration sites restrict transcription and subsequent production of the p27 protein and virus particles to levels below the detection limit. If the TVB*S1 receptor is present, the limited production of ALVE virus particles reinfects and integrates into more productive chromosomal locations in the cell. Increased production of infective virus particles and detectable levels of p27 follow this reinfection and integration into more active regions of the cells genome. The other genotype observed in the commercial lines retains the ALVE receptor (TVB*S1) but either lacks replication competent inserts or expresses the envelope encoded protein from defective inserts such as ALVE3 or ALVE6. In this phenotype, the env-coded glycoprotein encoded by the defective inserts binds to the TVB*S1 receptor and blocks the reinfection of the replication competent ALVE virus. This receptor interference stops reinfection and subsequent production of detectable virus particles and the p27 protein. Mixtures of different p27 negative phenotypes can result in the p27 positive phenotype and ALVE virus production. For example, mixtures of ALVE receptor positive (TVB*S1) but ALVE negative (p27 negative and envelope negative) chick embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) with fibroblasts that are receptor negative but ALVE positive could generate cells expressing high levels of p27 and ALVE virus. In this situation, the undetectable levels of ALVE virus from the receptor negative CEFs would infect and integrate into the receptor positive CEFs and produce detectable levels of ALVE virus. The implications of these findings for vaccine manufacturers and regulatory agencies are discussed. C1 [Hunt, Henry; Fadly, Aly; Silva, Robert; Zhang, Huanmin] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Hunt, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM henry.hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1637/8183-112907-Reg.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NJ UT WOS:000260908000011 PM 18939631 ER PT J AU Huff, GR Huff, WE Dutta, V Johnson, MG Nannapaneni, R AF Huff, G. R. Huff, W. E. Dutta, V. Johnson, M. G. Nannapaneni, R. TI Pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A After Oral and Oculonasal Challenges of Day-Old Turkey Poults SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE turkeys; Listeria monocytogenes; pathogenesis ID PROCESSING PLANT; BROILER-CHICKENS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SLAUGHTERHOUSE LEVEL; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; AIRBORNE INFECTION; SEPTIC ARTHRITIS; HOT DOGS; MEAT; PRODUCTS AB Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous, environmental pathogen that has contaminated poultry ready-to-eat products resulting in large-scale recalls. Research is needed to determine the source of product and processing plant contamination with L. monocytogenes. The purpose of this study was to compare the oral and oculonasal routes of infection on the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes in turkey poults under different housing conditions. One-day-old turkey poults were challenged by either route with the Scott A strain of L. monocytogenes and placed either in paper-lined battery-brooder cages for 1 wk or in floor pens on fresh pine-shaving litter. On day 7, birds challenged in battery cages were transferred to floor pens. Challenge by the oculonasal route resulted in higher mortality (P = 0.05) and lower body weights (P < 0.0001) compared with both nonchallenged controls and those challenged by the oral route. Birds contained in battery cages for 1 wk had higher mortality (P = 0.002) and higher body weights (P < 0.0001) compared with floor-pen-reared birds. Using direct plating, the challenge strain was isolated from the gall bladder, brain, and knee joint of only one dead poult challenged by the oculonasal route. These results suggest that day-old turkey poults may be more susceptible to an oculonasal challenge with L. monocytogenes than to an oral challenge and that containment in battery cages for the first week increased contact exposure to the challenge. C1 [Huff, G. R.; Huff, W. E.] Univ Arkansas, ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Dutta, V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Johnson, M. G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Nannapaneni, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci Nutr & Hlth Promot, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Huff, GR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM grhuff@uark.edu FU Food Safety Consortium FX This project was funded in part by a grant from the Food Safety Consortium. We gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Dana Bassi, Awilda O'Leary, Sonia Tsai, Scott Zornes, David Horlick, and Wally McDonner. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 444 EP 450 DI 10.1637/8244-013008-Reg.1 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NJ UT WOS:000260908000013 PM 18939633 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Slemons, RD AF Swayne, David E. Slemons, Richard D. TI Using Mean Infectious Dose of High- and Low-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses Originating from Wild Duck and Poultry as One Measure of Infectivity and Adaptation to Poultry SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE adaptation; avian influenza; infectivity; poultry; transmission; wild birds ID A VIRUSES; VACCINE CANDIDATE; DOMESTIC TURKEYS; SENTINEL DUCKS; CONTAINS GENES; CHICKENS; TRANSMISSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; REASSORTANT AB The mean infectious doses of selected avian influenza virus (AIV) isolates, determined in domestic poultry under experimental conditions, were shown to be both host-dependent and virus strain-dependent and could be considered one measure of the infectivity and adaptation to a specific host. As such, the mean infectious dose could serve as a quantitative predictor for which strains of AIV, given the right conditions, would be more likely transmitted to and maintained in a given species or subsequently cause an AI outbreak in the given species. The intranasal (IN) mean bird infectious doses (BID50) were determined for 11 high-pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV) isolates of turkey and chicken origin for white leghorn (WL) chickens, and for low-pathogenicity AIV (LPAIV) isolates of chicken (n = 1) and wild mallards (n = 2) for turkeys, and WL and white Plymouth rock (WPR) chickens, domestic ducks and geese, and Japanese quail. The BID50 for HPAIV isolates for WL chickens ranged from 10(1.2) to 10(4.7) mean embryo infectious dose (EID50) (median = 10(2.9)). For chicken-origin HPAIV isolates, the BID50 in WL chickens ranged from 10(1.2) to 10(3.0) EID50 (median = 10(2.6)), whereas for HPAIV isolates of turkey origin, the BID50 in WL chickens was higher, ranging from 10(2.8) to 10(4.7) EID50 (median = 10(3.9)). The BID50 of 10(4.7) was for a turkey-origin HPAIV virus that was not transmitted to chickens on the same farm, suggesting that, under the specific conditions present on that farm, there was insufficient infectivity, adaptation, or exposure to that virus population for sustained chicken transmission. Although the upper BID50 limit for predicting infectivity and sustainable transmissibility for a specific species is unknown, a BID50, 10(4.7) was suggestive of such transmissibility. For the LPAIVs, there was a trend for domestic ducks and geese and Japanese quail to have the greatest susceptible and for WL chickens to be the most resistant, but turkeys were susceptible to two LPAIV tested when used at moderate challenge doses. This suggests domestic ducks and geese, turkeys, and Japanese quail could serve as bridging species for LPAIVs from wild waterfowl to chickens and other gallinaceous poultry. These data do provide support for the commonly held and intuitive belief that mixing of poultry species during rearing and in outdoor production systems is a major risk factor for interspecies transmission of AIVs and for the emergence of new AIV strains capable of causing AI outbreaks because these situations present a more diverse host population to circumvent the natural host dependency or host range of circulating viruses. C1 [Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Slemons, Richard D.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM david.swayne@ars.usda.gov FU CRIS [6612-32000-048-00D] FX We thank J. Beck, J. Doster, and K. Moresco for excellent technical support. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. This project was supported by CRIS project 6612-32000-048-00D. NR 36 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1637/8229-012508-Reg.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NJ UT WOS:000260908000015 PM 18939635 ER PT J AU Perozo, F Merino, R Afonso, CL Villegas, P Calderon, N AF Perozo, F. Merino, R. Afonso, C. L. Villegas, P. Calderon, N. TI Biological and Phylogenetic Characterization of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Circulating in Mexico SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease virus; phylogenetic analysis; Mexico ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; FUSION PROTEIN GENE; FTA(R) FILTER-PAPER; LIVE-BIRD MARKETS; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; CLEAVAGE SITE; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; CALIFORNIA AB In 2002-2003, velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus outbreaks, closely related to the Mexican isolates, were confirmed in the United States (U.S.) in southern California, Arizona, Nevada, and Texas. In this report, virulent NDVs isolated in Mexico between 1998 and 2006 were subjected to biologic characterization, using standard pathogenicity tests, and to phylogenetic analysis. Chicken embryo mean death time (MDT) test results ranged from 39.7 to 61.5 hours, and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) values were between 1.59 and 1.94, compared to a possible maximum value of 2.0. These isolates showed a dibasic amino acid motif at the fusion protein cleavage site sequence required for host systemic replication. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Mexican virulent NDVs belong to the class II, genotype V viruses and can be clearly divided in two groups as follows: isolates from 1998 to 2001 with close epidemiologic relationship with the latest U.S. NDV outbreaks, and phylogenetically distinct viruses, isolated from 2004 to 2006, which showed higher virulence. The assessment of the evolution of viruses from Mexico and other neighboring countries will aid in the U.S surveillance efforts for early detection of highly virulent NDV. C1 [Perozo, F.; Villegas, P.] Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Merino, R.; Calderon, N.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Aves Fac Med Vet, Dept Anim Prod, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Afonso, C. L.] USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Villegas, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pedrov@uga.edu FU USDA; CRIS [6612-32000-049] FX We want to acknowledge the excellent technical support provided by Dawn Williams-Coplin and financial support from the USDA, CRIS number 6612-32000-049. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 472 EP 479 DI 10.1637/8276-022908-Reg.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NJ UT WOS:000260908000018 PM 18939638 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Leigh, SA AF Evans, J. D. Leigh, S. A. TI Differentiation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine Strains ts-11 and 6/85 from Commonly Used Mycoplasma gallisepticum Challenge Strains by PCR SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; PCR; vaccine strain; vaccine differentiation ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; RAPD ANALYSIS; HETEROGENEITY; ALIGNMENT; SYNOVIAE; CHICKENS; PATTERNS; SEQUENCE AB Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is an important avian pathogen causing significant economic losses within the poultry industry. In an effort to develop tools to aid in MG research and diagnostics, we have compared sequences of the attenuated MG vaccine strain ts-11 to those of commonly used pathogenic challenge strains in search of a simple means of differentiation. Via gapA sequence alignments and comparisons, we have identified and designed primers facilitating strain differentiation. When applied to conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay at low annealing temperature, the primer sets allow for the differentiation of MG attenuated vaccine strains ts-11 as well as the attenuated MG vaccine strain 6/85 from the commonly utilized MG challenge strains R-low, R, and S6. Conventional PCR differentiation is based on the visualization of sole products with the attenuated MG strains ts-11 and 6/85 and the lack of the corresponding products from MG strains Rlow, R, and S6. When applied to MG strain F, product visualization varies with the applied primer set. The differentiation of MG strains ts-11 and 6/85 from the pathogenic challenge strains was also accomplished via real-time analyses, however, the primer sets were not able to differentiate MG strains ts-11 and 6/85 from selected MG field isolates. C1 [Evans, J. D.; Leigh, S. A.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Jeff.Evans@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1637/8187-120307-ResNote.1 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NJ UT WOS:000260908000021 PM 18939641 ER PT J AU Thomas, C Manin, TB Andriyasov, AV Swayne, DE AF Thomas, Colleen Manin, Timofey B. Andriyasov, Artem V. Swayne, David E. TI Limited Susceptibility and Lack of Systemic Infection by an H3N2 Swine Influenza Virus in Intranasally Inoculated Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE influenza; H3N2; swine; avian; chicken; meat ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-PATHOGENICITY; A VIRUS; TURKEYS; MEAT AB Chickens were intranasally inoculated with the swine influenza virus (SIV) A/swine/NC/307408/04 (H3N2) (NC/04 SIV) to determine the infectivity of a North American SIV for chickens, as well as the possibility of chicken meat serving as a transmission vehicle for SIV. White leghorn (WL) layer-type chickens were used for initial pathotyping and infectivity tests, and a more comprehensive intranasal pathogenesis study was done with white Plymouth rock (WPR) broiler-type chickens. None of the NC/04 SIV-inoculated WL or WPR chickens displayed clinical signs. Serologic tests showed that the virus was able to infect both intranasally inoculated WL and WPR chickens, but the antibody titers were low, suggesting inefficient replication. Some of the NC/04 SIV-inoculated WL chickens shed low levels of virus, mostly from the alimentary tract, but viral shedding was not detected in NC/04 SIV-inoculated WPR chickens. The comprehensive pathogenesis study demonstrated that the virus did not cause systemic infections in WPR chickens, and feeding breast and thigh meat from the NC/04 SIV-inoculated WPR to WL chickens did not transmit NC/04 SIV. C1 [Thomas, Colleen; Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Manin, Timofey B.; Andriyasov, Artem V.] Fed Ctr Anim Hlth FGI ARRIAH, Vladimir 600901, Russia. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM david.swayne@ars.usda.gov FU CRIS [6612-32000-039-00D, 6612-32000-048-00D] FX We thank J. Beck, J. Doster, and K. Moresco for excellent technical assistance. This research was supported by CRIS projects 6612-32000-039-00D and 6612-32000-048-00D. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 498 EP 501 DI 10.1637/8210-011408-RESNOTE.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NJ UT WOS:000260908000022 PM 18939642 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, S Lekli, I Das, M Azzi, A Das, DK AF Mukherjee, Subhendu Lekli, Istvan Das, Manika Azzi, Angelo Das, Dipak K. TI Cardioprotection with alpha-tocopheryl phosphate: Amelioration of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury is linked with its ability to generate a survival signal through Akt activation SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tocopheryl phosphate; cardioprotection; alpha-tocotrienol; ischemia reperfusion injury; c-Src; Akt; MAP kinase ID NF-KAPPA-B; P38 MAP KINASE; CARDIOMYOCYTE APOPTOSIS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; VITAMIN-E; RESVERATROL; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EXPRESSION; HEART; INFLAMMATION AB The emerging potential of alpha-tocopheryl phosphate, a phosphoric acid ester of alpha-tocopherol, in health benefits was tested gavaging this compound (5 mg/kg body wt) to a group of rats for a period of thirty days while the control rats were given water only. After thirty days, the rats were sacrificed, the hearts excised, and the isolated hearts were perfused by working mode. Both control and experimental hearts were subjected to 30-min global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The tocopheryl phosphate fed rats exhibited significant cardioprotection as evidenced by improved ventricular performance and reduced myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Supplementation with alpha-tocopheryl phosphate converted MAP kinase-induced death signal into a survival signal by enhancing anti-apoptotic p42/44 ERK kinase and p38 MAPK beta and reducing pro-apoptotic proteins p38 MAPK alpha and JNK. In concert, the phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic c-Src was also reduced. Tocopheryl phosphate increased the DNA binding of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF kappa B and potentiated the activation of anti-death protein Bcl-2 and survival signaling protein Akt. The results of this study demonstrated for the first time that tocopheryl phosphate could ameliorate myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury by converting ischemia/reperfusion-mediated death signal into a survival signal by modulating MAP kinase signaling. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mukherjee, Subhendu; Lekli, Istvan; Das, Manika; Das, Dipak K.] Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. [Azzi, Angelo] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Das, DK (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. EM DDAS@NEURON.UCHC.EDU OI Mukherjee, Subhendu/0000-0002-4851-4428 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL 22559, HL 33889, HL 56803] FX This study was supported in part by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants, NIH HL 22559, HL 33889 and HL 56803. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-4439 J9 BBA-MOL BASIS DIS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Basis Dis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 1782 IS 9 BP 498 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.05.002 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 349NK UT WOS:000259287300002 PM 18555028 ER PT J AU Mitchell, C Branfireun, B Kolka, R AF Mitchell, Carl P. J. Branfireun, Brian A. Kolka, Randall K. TI Total mercury and methylmercury dynamics in upland-peatland watersheds during snowmelt SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dissolved organic carbon; Mercury; Methylmercury; Peatland; Snowmelt; Watershed hydrology ID ORGANIC-CARBON; METHYL MERCURY; BOREAL CATCHMENT; SPRING FLOOD; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEMS; MINNESOTA; FOREST; FISH; CHEMISTRY AB Wetlands, and peatlands in particular, are important sources of methylmercury (MeHg) to susceptible downstream ecosystems and organisms, but very little work has addressed MeHg production and export from peatland-dominated watersheds during the spring snowmelt. Through intensive sampling, hydrograph separation, and mass balance, this study investigated the total mercury (THg) and MeHg fluxes from two upland-peatland watersheds in Minnesota, USA during the 2005 spring snowmelt and proportionally attributed these fluxes to either peatland runoff or upland runoff. Between 26% and 39% of the annual THg flux and 22-23% of the annual MeHg flux occurred during the 12-days snowmelt study period, demonstrating the importance of large hydrological inputs to the annual mercury flux from these watersheds. Upland and peatland runoff were both important sources of THg in watershed export. In contrast to other research, our data show that peatland pore waters were the principal source of MeHg to watershed export during snowmelt. Thus, despite cold and mostly frozen surface conditions during the snowmelt period, peatland pore waters continued to be an important source of MeHg to downstream ecosystems. C1 [Mitchell, Carl P. J.] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Mitchell, Carl P. J.; Branfireun, Brian A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Mitchell, C (reprint author), Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. EM carl.mitchell@utoronto.ca RI Mitchell, Carl/A-7212-2008 OI Mitchell, Carl/0000-0001-8538-5138 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery; NSERC Canada Graduate FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of D. Kyllander and C. Dorrance (USFS) for field assistance at the Marcell Experimental Forest, R. Bourbonniere and K. Edmundson (Environment Canada) for the analysis of dissolved organic carbon samples, and S. Wanigaratne for laboratory assistance at the University of Toronto. We gratefully acknowledge improvements made to this paper by earlier comments from D. Fitzgerald and C. Eckley. Helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor, Daniel Conley also improved this manuscript. Financial support for this project was provided through a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant to B. A. B. and a NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship to C.P.J.M. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2008 VL 90 IS 3 BP 225 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9246-z PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 368IE UT WOS:000260614000001 ER PT J AU Weller, TJ AF Weller, Theodore J. TI Using occupancy estimation to assess the effectiveness of a regional multiple-species conservation plan: Bats in the Pacific Northwest SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Detection probability; Habitat conservation plan; Monitoring; Northwest forest plan; Site-occupancy; Survey effort ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS; SCAT DETECTION DOGS; LONG-LEGGED MYOTIS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; FOREST PLAN; DAY-ROOSTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ECHOLOCATION CALLS; SOUTH-CAROLINA AB Regional conservation plans are increasingly used to plan for and protect biodiversity at large spatial scales however the means of quantitatively evaluating their effectiveness are rarely specified. Multiple-species approaches, particular those which employ site-occupancy estimation, have been proposed as robust and efficient alternatives for assessing the status of wildlife populations over large spatial scales, but implemented examples are few. I used bats as a model to evaluate design considerations for the use of occupancy estimation to assess population status and habitat associations for. eight species of bats covered under a regional conservation plan. Bats were one of the groups expected to benefit from a system of reserves for species associated with late-successional/old-growth (LSOG) habitat designated under the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP). This study produced the first estimates for probabilities of occupancy and detection for bats at a regional scale. Overall probabilities of occupancy ranged from 0.586 to 0.783 and probabilities of detection ranged from 0.239 to 0.532 among the eight species modeled. Although point estimates of occupancy suggested association with NWFP habitat categories for some species, estimate precision was low. Models that assumed constant occupancy with respect to reserve- and LSOG-status were supported for most species. I used model-averaged estimates of occupancy and detection for each species to estimate survey effort necessary to meet precision targets. Occupancy estimation was best suited to species with the highest detection probabilities. Species that are rare or difficult to detect will require enhancement in survey methods or more intensive survey effort to produce meaningful estimates. Optimizing monitoring efforts to address multiple species requires tradeoffs among survey methods, levels of effort, and acceptable levels of precision. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Weller, TJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM tweller@fs.fed.us RI Weller, Theodore/B-1091-2008 FU Northwest Forest Plan Survey and Manage Program; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station FX I thank P. Ormsbee for help in initiation, implementation, and support throughout this project. W Zielinski provided helpful advice throughout the project and reviewed an earlier draft of the manuscript. I thank D. Garrison, A. Hart, J. Jones, S. Langenstein, M. Little, M. Mazurek, M. McKenzie, S. Perlmeter, H. Perry, M. Rowan, L. Templeman, and M. villaneva for their work in the field. J. Szewczak provided technical support and helped develop the echolocation identification key GIS and database support were provided by J. Werren and B. Howard respectively J. Zinck oversaw species identification from DNA. Funding was provided by the Northwest Forest Plan Survey and Manage Program and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. NR 60 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 141 IS 9 BP 2279 EP 2289 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.018 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 359ZP UT WOS:000260027100011 ER PT J AU Williamson, SM Guzman, M Marin, DH Anas, O Jin, X Sutton, TB AF Williamson, S. M. Guzman, M. Marin, D. H. Anas, O. Jin, X. Sutton, T. B. TI Evaluation of Pseudomonas syringae strain ESC-11 for biocontrol of crown rot and anthracnose of banana SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE banana; biological control; crown rot; anthracnose; Pseudomonas syrningae strain; ESC-11; Fusarium aff. sacchari; Fusarium pallidoroseum; F. proliferatum; F. oxysporum; Colletotrichum musae; thiabendazole; imazalil ID COLLETOTRICHUM-MUSAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BOXED BANANAS; POSTHARVEST DECAY; WINDWARD-ISLANDS; FUNGI; DISEASES; STORAGE; PATHOGENICITY; THIABENDAZOLE AB Pseudomonas syringae strain ESC-11 and 250 mu g/ml each of thiabendazole (TBZ) and imazalil reduced crown rot of banana caused by Fusarium aff. sacchari by 30-36% and 83-86%, respectively, in laboratory experiments. Four field trials performed in Costa Rica varied in treatment combinations. in field trials and 2,125 and 250 mu g/ml each of TBZ and imazalil + 0.5% or 1% alum (aluminum ammonium sulfate) and ESC-11, and 250 mu g/ml each of TBZ and imazalil +1% alum reduced rot and mold. ESC-11 alone or with 0.5% alum significantly reduced rot and mold in field trial 2. In trial 3, 50 and 100 mu g/ml of TBZ alone and with ESC-11 reduced mold. In trial 4, 125 mu g/ml each of TBZ and imazalil and ESC-11, and 300 mu g/ml each of TBZ and imazalil reduced rot, and 50 and 125 mu g/ml each of TBZ and imazalil and ESC-11, and 300 mu g/ml each of TBZ and imazalil reduced mold. In three field trials, there was no significant difference among treatments for latex staining. In field trial 2 only, combinations ofTBZ, imazalil, and alum with or without ESC-11, reduced anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum musae. The complex of crown rot fungi, order of treatment application, effect of alum and fungicides on ESC-11, concentration of ESC-11 and level of disease may contribute to the variation in crown rot and anthracnose control by ESC-11. Though ESC-11 alone was not effective in reducing disease, further testing in combination with low rates of fungicide should be done. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Williamson, S. M.; Anas, O.; Sutton, T. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Guzman, M.] Corp Bananera Nacl, Dept Crop Protect, Guapiles, Costa Rica. [Marin, D. H.] Palma Tica SA, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Jin, X.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Williamson, SM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, POB 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sharon_williamson@ncsu.edu; turner_sutton@ncsu.edu NR 40 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.05.016 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 338XJ UT WOS:000258542400001 ER PT J AU Okubara, PA Bonsall, RF AF Okubara, Patricia A. Bonsall, Robert F. TI Accumulation of Pseudomonas-derived 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol on wheat seedling roots is influenced by host cultivar SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; disease suppression; Gaeumannomyces graminis; PGPR; rhizobacteria; root colonization ID FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS; RHIZOSPHERE COLONIZATION; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; TAKE-ALL; METABOLITE 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; IMPROVES BIOCONTROL; PLANT-ROOTS; IN-VITRO AB Production of antifungal metabolites, including the polyketide 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), is one mechanism by which biocontrol strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens suppress soilborne fungal pathogens. P. fluorescens strains vary in ability to produce 2,4-DAPG, but the role of the host in modulating metabolite accumulation in the rhizosphere is not well defined. To examine 2,4-DAPG production and accumulation during early stages of rhizoplane interactions, we compared metabolite production by two P. fluorescens strains in culture and on seedling roots of three Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) cultivars, Buchanan, Finley, and Tara, in a soil-free system. P. fluorescens strain Q8rl-96, an aggressive colonizer of the wheat rhizosphere, produced 1850 mu g mL(-1) 2,4-DAPG after 48 h of growth in King's Medium B, significantly (P > 0.05) more than 19.4 mu g mL(-1) metabolite produced by the moderately aggressive strain Q2-87V1 under the same conditions. Rhizoplane levels of 2,4-DAPG after 4d of Q8rl-96 colonization were 1946, 1650, and 2767 ng g(-1) for Buchanan, Finley, and Tara, respectively. Metabolite levels obtained for Q2-87V1 colonization were 1468, 366, and 80 ng g(-1) on the respective cultivars. Strain Q8rl-96 deposited significantly (P < 0.05) more 2,4-DAPG than Q2-87V1 on Tara and Finley roots, whereas both strains produced similar (P > 0.05) amounts of the metabolite on Buchanan roots. In greenhouse experiments, take-all damage was reduced only on Tara roots inoculated with Q8rl-96. To our knowledge, this is the first report to compare 2,4-DAPG accumulation in the rhizoplanes of different cultivars, and to demonstrate that rhizoplane 2,4-DAPG accumulation depends on a cultivar-bacterial strain interaction. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Okubara, Patricia A.] Washington State Univ, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Okubara, Patricia A.; Bonsall, Robert F.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Okubara, PA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, USDA ARS, POB 646430, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM pokubara@wsu.edu FU USDA ARS [5248-22000-012-OOD] FX The authors thank James Mitchell for expertise in HPLC PDA, Mike Berghammer for colonization analysis, John Burns for the gift of wheat seeds, Richard Alldredge for advice on statistics, and David Weller and Kurtis Schroeder for advice on take-all. 2,4-DAPG was synthesized by Patrice Marchand. This work was supported by USDA ARS Project Number 5248-22000-012-OOD. References to a company and/or product by the USDA are only for the purposes of information and do not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 322 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.03.013 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 338XJ UT WOS:000258542400006 ER PT J AU Banowetz, GM Azevedo, MD Armstrong, DJ Halgren, AB Mills, DI AF Banowetz, Gary M. Azevedo, Mark D. Armstrong, Donald J. Halgren, Anne B. Mills, Dallice I. TI Germination-Arrest Factor (GAF): Biological properties of a novel, naturally-occurring herbicide produced by selected isolates of rhizosphere bacteria SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE microbial herbicide; biological weed control; deleterious rhizobacteria; annual bluegrass ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS PF-5; DELETERIOUS RHIZOBACTERIA; DOWNY BROME; INHIBITORY PSEUDOMONADS; GENE-CLUSTER; WEED-CONTROL; TALL FESCUE; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; SOIL AB Five strains of deleterious rhizosphere bacteria (DRB), identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, were shown to produce and secrete a naturally-occurring herbicide that targets the seeds of certain graminaceous plants, including annual bluegrass (ABG; Poa annua L.), considered a weed in many agronomic systems. The herbicide arrests germination of the seeds in a developmentally-specific manner, typically irreversibly blocking the germination process immediately after the emergence of the plumule and coleorhiza. Because of its unique mode of action, this herbicide has been termed a Germination-Arrest Factor (GAF). Bacterial-culture filtrates containing GAF arrest seed germination of a large number of graminaceous species, including grassy weeds and grass species grown for seed and food. The germination of corn seeds did not appear to be affected by the herbicide. The seeds of dicot species appear to be less sensitive to GAF than seeds of graminaceous species. The biological effects of GAF on graminaceous species is primarily limited to germination, although transient slowing of ABG seedling growth was observed after post-germination exposure to GAF Exposure of non-germinated ABG seeds to GAF for periods as short as 24 h was sufficient to irreversibly arrest germination. A quantitative bioassay for GAF was developed based on the sensitivity of ABG seed to this compound. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Banowetz, Gary M.; Azevedo, Mark D.] USDA ARS NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Armstrong, Donald J.; Halgren, Anne B.; Mills, Dallice I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS NFSPRC, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM banowetg@onid.orst.edu FU USDA CSREES Grass Seed Cropping Systems FX Support from the USDA CSREES Grass Seed Cropping Systems for a Sustainable Agriculture Special Grant Program is gratefully acknowledged. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.04.016 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 338XJ UT WOS:000258542400012 ER PT J AU Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Zilkowski, BW Wiedenmann, RN Raghu, S AF Bartelt, Robert J. Cosse, Allard A. Zilkowski, Bruce W. Wiedenmann, Robert N. Raghu, S. TI Early-summer pheromone biology of Galerucella calmariensis and relationship to dispersal and colonization SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Galerucella calmariensis; Lythrum salicaria; biological control; pheromone; dispersal; host colonization; population monitoring; host volatiles; diapause; photoperiod ID LOOSESTRIFE LYTHRUM-SALICARIA; CONTROL PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE; TAMARISK TAMARIX SPP.; DIORHABDA-ELONGATA; LEAF BEETLE; CONTROL AGENT; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; ESTABLISHMENT; PUSILLA AB Galerucella calmariensis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has become an effective biological control agent for purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). A male-produced aggregation pheromone was recently identified in this mostly univoltine beetle, and attractiveness to both sexes was demonstrated in the spring, when overwintered adults reproduce. Nothing was known about whether the pheromone functioned for the summer generation, when some of the beetles may undergo a brief reproductive period before entering diapause. Our results showed that both sexes of the beetles responded strongly to synthetic pheromone during summer, and males collected in the field during early summer and held under the prevailing photoperiod were able to emit pheromone. These males mated readily with field-collected females, and fertile eggs were laid, indicating a reproductive role for the pheromone during early summer. Males emitted pheromone well only when fed L. salicaria. Adult beetles were able to persist on marginal hosts such Salix interior and Rosa spp., but almost no pheromone was detected. Emission ceased and resumed as host access changed, even after a long interruption. Attractiveness of L. salicaria foliage was investigated. Six "green-leaf" volatiles were identified that were readily sensed by beetle antennae, but a preliminary synthetic blend of these was not attractive in the field. A model is presented for pheromone-mediated host colonization after dispersal, and relationships among pheromone biology, diapause, photoperiod, and host quality are discussed. Practical uses for the pheromone are noted, and new information is given about longevity of pheromone lures. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bartelt, Robert J.; Cosse, Allard A.; Zilkowski, Bruce W.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Wiedenmann, Robert N.; Raghu, S.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Econ Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Bartelt, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Robert.Bartelt@ARS.USDA.gov RI Raghu, S./A-1281-2010 OI Raghu, S./0000-0001-5843-5435 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.05.010 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 338XJ UT WOS:000258542400015 ER PT J AU Blackburn, MB Gundersen-Rindal, DE Weber, DC Martin, PAW Farrar, RR AF Blackburn, Michael B. Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E. Weber, Donald C. Martin, Phyllis A. W. Farrar, Robert R., Jr. TI Enteric bacteria of field-collected Colorado potato beetle larvae inhibit growth of the entomopathogens Photorhabdus temperata and Beauveria bassiana SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE colorado potato beetle; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Heterorhabditis marelatus; Photorhabdus temperata; Beauveria bassiana ID PANTOEA-AGGLOMERANS; GUT BACTERIA; IN-VITRO; 16S RDNA; COMMUNITIES; MYRMELEONTIDAE; POPULATIONS; PSEUDOMONAS; NEUROPTERA; INFECTION AB The nematode Heterorhabditis marelatus fails to reproduce in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, possibly due to interference from the enteric bacteria of the beetle. Specifically, the enteric bacteria inhibit the growth of Photorhabdus temperata, the enteric symbiont of the nematode, in vitro. However, previous work was based on a laboratory culture of L decemlineata, and we wished to determine if similar bacteria were present in the field. Therefore, we cultured the enteric bacteria of fourth-instar larvae collected from the field at two locations in Maryland and Virginia. Representatives of the genera Pantoea, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Curtobacterium, Bacillus, Lactococcus and Enterococcus were identified by sequencing of their 16S rDNA. Isolates belonging to the genera Pantoea, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Bacillus inhibited the growth of P. temperata. A number of these isolates also inhibited the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in vitro. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Blackburn, Michael B.; Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E.; Weber, Donald C.; Martin, Phyllis A. W.; Farrar, Robert R., Jr.] Agr Res Serv, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blackburn, MB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 011A,Room 214,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mike.blackburn@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 434 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.05.005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 338XJ UT WOS:000258542400018 ER PT J AU Waters, RS Fernholz, K Bryden, NA Anderson, RA AF Waters, Robert S. Fernholz, Karen Bryden, Noella A. Anderson, Richard A. TI Intravenous magnesium sulfate with and without EDTA as a magnesium load test - Is magnesium deficiency widespread? SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE magnesium deficiency; EDTA; metabolic syndrome; magnesium status; chelation therapy; magnesium load test ID INTRACELLULAR FREE MAGNESIUM; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; CHROMIUM; CALCIUM; DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; METABOLISM; RETENTION AB Serum/plasma measurements do not reflect magnesium deficits in clinical situations, and magnesium load tests are used as a more accurate method to identify magnesium deficiency in a variety of disease states as well as in subclinical conditions. The objective of this study was to determine if people are indeed magnesium deficient or if the apparent magnesium deficiency is due to the composition of the infusate used in the load test. Magnesium load tests were performed on seven patients using three different Mg solution infusions-a Mg-EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid)-nutrient cocktail used in EDTA chelation therapy containing several components including vitamins and minerals, and the same cocktail without EDTA and an infusion of an identical amount of magnesium in normal saline solution. There was no significant difference in the amount of magnesium retained in the 24 h after infusion among the three infusates. All infusates resulted in very high magnesium retention compared to previous published magnesium load studies. Magnesium deficiency may be widespread, and the relationship of Mg deficiency to related diseases requires further study. C1 [Waters, Robert S.] Waters Prevent Med Ctr, Wisconsin Dells, WI 53965 USA. [Bryden, Noella A.; Anderson, Richard A.] USDA ARS, Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Waters, RS (reprint author), Waters Prevent Med Ctr, POB 357, Wisconsin Dells, WI 53965 USA. EM sarah@watershealthcenter.com NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 124 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s12011-008-8150-7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 346JU UT WOS:000259065600005 PM 18665335 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Dungan, RS Crowley, D AF Kim, Jong-Shik Dungan, Robert S. Crowley, David TI Microarray analysis of bacterial diversity and distribution in aggregates from a desert agricultural soil SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; microaggregates; macroarray; soil aggregate; microbial community ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; IN-SITU DETECTION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; GENES; MICROORGANISMS; CULTIVATION; SATURATION; FRACTIONS AB Previous research has shown that soil structure can influence the distribution of bacteria in aggregates and, thereby, influence microbiological processes and diversity at small spatial scales. Here, we studied the microbial community structure of inner and outer fractions of microaggregates of a desert agricultural soil from the Imperial Valley of Southern California. To study the distribution of soil bacteria, 1,536 clones were identified using phylogenetic taxon probes to classify arrays of 16S rRNA genes. Among the predominant taxonomic groups were the alpha-Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Acidobacteria. When compared across all phyla, the taxonomic compositions and distributions of bacterial taxa associated with the inner and outer fractions were nearly identical. Our results suggest that the ephemeral nature of soil aggregates in desert agricultural soils may reduce differences in the spatial distribution of bacterial populations as compared to that which occur in soils with more stable aggregates. C1 [Kim, Jong-Shik; Crowley, David] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Dungan, Robert S.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Crowley, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM crowley@ucr.edu RI Crowley, David/C-1216-2014 OI Crowley, David/0000-0002-1805-8599 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD SEP PY 2008 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1003 EP 1011 DI 10.1007/s00374-008-0291-5 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 342AV UT WOS:000258757900001 ER PT J AU Lorenz, K Lal, R Shipitalo, MJ AF Lorenz, K. Lal, R. Shipitalo, M. J. TI Chemical stabilization of organic carbon pools in particle size fractions in no-till and meadow soils SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; land use and soil management; hydrofluoric acid; disodium peroxodisulfate; combined particle size and chemical fractionation ID DIFFERENT LAND-USE; HYDROFLUORIC-ACID; ULTRASONIC DISPERSION; MATTER COMPOSITION; DENSITY FRACTIONS; MECHANISMS; MANAGEMENT; AGGREGATE; MINERALS; TEXTURE AB The knowledge about the relevance of physical and chemical fractionation methods to soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization mechanisms is fragmentary but needed to manage the SOC pool. Therefore, our objective was to compare the C contents of the particle size fractions coarse and fine sand, silt, and clay of the two uppermost horizons of a soil under three different management systems (meadow; no-till corn, NT; no-till corn with manure, NTm). The mineral composition was dominated by silt (48-60%). However, coarse sand and clay showed the highest enrichment of C compared to the bulk soil. In spite of an enrichment factor below 1, the high proportion of silt made this fraction the main C store. In the upper 30 cm, this fraction amounted to 27.1 Mg C ha(-1) in NTm and progressively less in NT (15.5 Mg C ha(-1)), and meadow (14.9 Mg C ha(-1)), representing 44%, 39%, and 39% of the total SOC pool, respectively. The C in the isolated particle size fractions was further investigated by an oxidizing treatment with Na(2)S(2)O(8) and a treatment with HF to solubilize the mineral phases. The pools of oxidizable C were comparable among particle size fractions and pedons, as indicated by Na(2)S(2)O(8) treatment. The pools of C preferentially associated with soil minerals were also comparable among pedons, as indicated by HF treatment. However, NTm stored the largest pool (12.6 Mg ha(-1)) of mineral-associated C in 0-30 cm depth. The silt-associated and mineral-bound SOC pool in NTm was greater compared to NT due to increased organic matter (OM) input. Thus, the silt particle size fraction at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed (NAEW) has the potential for SOC sequestration by stabilizing OM inputs. Mineralogical and molecular level analyses on a larger set of fractions obtained from entire rooted soil profiles are required, however, to compare the SOC sequestration capacity of the land uses. C1 [Lorenz, K.; Lal, R.] Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Shipitalo, M. J.] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Lorenz, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lorenz.59@osu.edu RI Lorenz, Klaus/B-7728-2009; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD SEP PY 2008 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1043 EP 1051 DI 10.1007/s00374-008-0300-8 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 342AV UT WOS:000258757900005 ER PT J AU Todd, RW Cole, NA Clark, RN Rice, WC Guo, WX AF Todd, Richard W. Cole, N. Andy Clark, R. Nolan Rice, William C. Guo, Wen-Xuan TI Soil nitrogen distribution and deposition on shortgrass prairie adjacent to a beef cattle feedyard SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE nitrogen loading; soil fertility change; beef cattle; feedyard ID ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS; RANGELAND; RATES AB Cattle feedyards can impact local environments through emission of ammonia and dust deposited on nearby land. Impacts range from beneficial fertilization of cropland to detrimental effects on sensitive ecosystems. Shortgrass prairie downwind from an adjacent feedyard on the southern High Plains of Texas, USA changed from perennial grasses to annual weeds. It was hypothesized that N enrichment from the feedyard initiated the cascade of negative ecological change. Objectives were to determine the distribution of soil nitrogen and estimate N loading to the pasture. Soil samples were collected from 119 locations across the pasture and soil total N (TN), nitrate-N and ammonium-N (AN) determined in the top 30 cm. Soil TN concentration decreased with distance downwind from the feedyard from 1.6 +/- 0.2 g kg(-1) at 75 m to 1.2 +/- 0.05 g kg(-1) at 582 m. Nitrate-N concentration decreased within 200 m of the feedyard and changed little at greater distances. Ammonium-N concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing distance from the feedyard from 7.9 +/- 1.7 mg kg(-1) within 75 m from the feedyard to 5.8 +/- 1.5 mg kg(-1) at more than 550 m from the feedyard; however, distance only explained 12% of the variability in AN concentration. Maximum nitrogen loading, from 75 to 106 m from the feedyard, was 49 kg ha(-1) year(-1) over 34 years and decreased with distance from the feedyard. An estimate of net dry deposition of ammonia indicated that it contributed negligibly to N loading to the pasture. Nitrogen enrichment that potentially shifted vegetation from perennial grasses to annual weeds affected soil N up to 500 m from the feedyard; however, measured organic and inorganic N beyond that returned to typical and expected levels for undisturbed shortgrass prairie. C1 [Todd, Richard W.; Cole, N. Andy; Clark, R. Nolan; Rice, William C.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Guo, Wen-Xuan] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Todd, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM richard.todd@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD SEP PY 2008 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1099 EP 1102 DI 10.1007/s00374-008-0286-2 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 342AV UT WOS:000258757900011 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Hatfield, RD Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Grabber, John H. Hatfield, Ronald D. Lu, Fachuang Ralph, John TI Coniferyl ferulate incorporation into lignin enhances the alkaline delignification and enzymatic degradation of cell walls SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CROSS-LINKING; MAIZE LIGNIN; GRASSES; MODEL; DEGRADABILITY; PRETREATMENT; LIGNANS; ESTERS; ACIDS; REED AB Incorporating ester interunit linkages into lignin could facilitate fiber delignification and utilization. In model studies with maize cell walls. we examined how partial Substitution of coniferyl alcohol (a normal monolignol) with coniferyl ferulate (an ester conjugate from lignan biosynthesis) alters the formation and alkaline extractability of lignin and the enzymatic hydrolysis of structural polysaccharides. Coniferyl ferulate moderately reduced lignification and cell-wall ferulate copolymerization with monolignols. Incorporation of coniferyl ferulate increased lignin extractability by up to 2-fold in aqueous NaOH, providing an avenue for producing fiber with less noncellulosic and lignin contamination or of delignifying at lower temperatures. Cell walls lignified with coniferyl ferulate were more readily hydrolyzed with fibrolytic enzymes, both with and without alkaline pretreatment. Based on our results. bioenoineering of plants to incorporate coniferyl ferulate into lignin should enhance lignocellulosic biomass saccharification and particularly pulping for paper production. C1 [Grabber, John H.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Grabber, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM john.grabber@ar.usda.gov FU USDA-NRI [1994-37500-0580, 1996-35304-3864]; Cooperative Research and Development Agreement [58-3K95-8-598]; Monsanto Company FX The authors are grateful to Hoon Kim for assistance with gel-state NMR analysis of cell walls. This work was supported in part by USDA-NRI (1994-37500-0580; 1996-35304-3864) and a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (58-3K95-8-598) with the Monsanto Company. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 41 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD SEP PY 2008 VL 9 IS 9 BP 2510 EP 2516 DI 10.1021/bm800528f PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 345YH UT WOS:000259033700029 PM 18712922 ER PT J AU Garcia, RA Rosentrater, KA AF Garcia, Rafael A. Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI Concentration of key elements in North American meat & bone meal SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE meat & bone meal; MBM; mineral content; analytical milling; biofuel; utilization; fertilizer; feedstock ID PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS; COMBUSTION RESIDUE; SECONDARY FUEL; FLUIDIZED-BED; HEAVY-METALS; COCOMBUSTION; COAL; PHOSPHORUS; ASH; ACCUMULATION AB Meat & bone meal (MBM) and related rendered protein commodities have potential for use in applications other than animal feed, including use as a fuel or a phosphorus fertilizer. in order to develop these applications, data on the elemental composition are required; the currently available elemental composition data have important limitations. To generate more appropriate and reliable data, MBM samples were collected from 17 North American rendering plants, carefully prepared and analyzed for 20 elements. Preliminanr studies showed that the sample preparation process artificially increased levels of sulfur and nickel in a manner that was correctable. Concentrations of many elements were found to agree with previously published values, but concentrations of potassium, magnesium and copper were significantly different from the most authoritative reference. Concentrations of heavy metals tested for were low, and arsenic and cadmium were not detected in any sample. Among the elements tested, there were a number of pairs of elements whose concentration was correlated with high significance, which in some cases was due to the varying proportions of soft tissue and bone in the MBM. The data presented should allow the development of non-feed applications for MBM to proceed with increased confidence. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Garcia, Rafael A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Garcia, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Rafael.Garcia@ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009; OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929; Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 32 IS 9 BP 887 EP 891 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.12.011 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 341TV UT WOS:000258738900007 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, CA AF Ledbetter, C. A. TI Shell cracking strength in almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] DA Webb.) and its implication in uses as a value-added product SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE almond; physical characteristics; shell strength; varietal differences ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES; ACTIVATED CARBONS; LIGNIN CONTENT; KERNEL TRAITS; NUT; HERITABILITY; NUTSHELLS; CULTIVARS; AMYGDALUS AB Researchers are currently developing new value-added uses for almond shells, an abundant agricultural by-product. Almond varieties are distinguished by processors as being either hard or soft shelled, but these two broad classes of almond also exhibit varietal diversity in shell morphology and physical characters. By defining more precisely the physical and chemical characteristics of almond shells from different varieties, researchers will better understand which specific shell types are best suited for specific industrial processes. Eight diverse almond accessions were evaluated in two consecutive harvest seasons for nut and kernel weight, kernel percentage and shell cracking strength. Shell bulk density was evaluated in a separate year. Harvest year by almond accession interactions were highly significant (p <= 0.01) for each of the analyzed variables. Significant (p <= 0.01) correlations were noted for average nut weight with kernel weight, kernel percentage and shell cracking strength. A significant (p <= 0.01) negative correlation for shell cracking strength with kernel percentage was noted. In some cases shell cracking strength was independent of the kernel percentage which suggests that either variety compositional differences or shell morphology affect the shell cracking strength. The varietal characterization of almond shell materials will assist in determining the best value-added uses for this abundant agricultural by-product. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ledbetter, CA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM cledbetter@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 99 IS 13 BP 5567 EP 5573 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.059 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 312FN UT WOS:000256654600038 PM 18082397 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Taylor, F Hicks, KB AF Kim, Tae Hyun Taylor, Frank Hicks, Kevin B. TI Bioethanol production from barley hull using SAA (soaking in aqueous ammonia) pretreatment SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; lignocellulosic biomass; aqueous ammonia; lignin removal; SAA ID XYLOSE-FERMENTING YEASTS; CORN STOVER; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FRACTIONATION; HEMICELLULOSE; FERMENTATION; WOOD AB Barley hull, a lignocellulosic biomass, was pretreated using aqueous ammonia, to be converted into ethanol. Barley hull was soaked in 15 and 30 wt.% aqueous ammonia at 30, 60, and 75 degrees C for between 12 h and 11 weeks. This pretreatment method has been known as "soaking in aqueous ammonia" (SAA). Among the tested conditions, the best pretreatment conditions observed were 75 degrees C, 48 h, 15 wt.% aqueous ammonia and 1:12 of solid:liquid ratio resulting in saccharification yields of 83% for glucan and 63% for xylan with 15 FPU/g-glucan enzyme loading. Pretreatment using 15 wt.% ammonia for 24-72 h at 75 degrees C removed 50-66% of the original lignin from the solids while it retained 65-76% of the xylan without any glucan loss. Addition of xylanase along with cellulase resulted in synergetic effect on ethanol production in SSCF (simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation) using SAA-treated barley hull and recombinant E. coli (KO11). With 3% w/v glucan loading and 4 mL of xylanase enzyme loadings, the SSCF of the SAA treated barley hull resulted 24.1 g/L ethanol concentration at 15 FPU cellulase/g-glucan loading, which corresponds to 89.4% of the maximum theoretical yield based on glucan and xylan. SEM results indicated that SAA treatment increased surface area and the pore size. It is postulated that these physical changes enhance the enzymatic digestibility in the SAA treated barley hull. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Tae Hyun; Taylor, Frank; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kim, TH (reprint author), Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 3101 NSRIC, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM thkim@iastate.edu OI Kim, Tae Hyun/0000-0002-2225-1199 NR 22 TC 137 Z9 147 U1 6 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 99 IS 13 BP 5694 EP 5702 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.055 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 312FN UT WOS:000256654600056 PM 18248985 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Ezeji, TC Ebener, J Dien, BS Cotta, MA Blaschek, HP AF Qureshi, Nasib Ezeji, Thaddeus C. Ebener, Jennifer Dien, Bruce S. Cotta, Michael A. Blaschek, Hans P. TI Butanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii. Part I: Use of acid and enzyme hydrolyzed corn fiber SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn fiber hydrolysate; sulfuric acid; butanol; acetone butanol ethanol (ABE); Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 ID ACETONE-BUTANOL; FERMENTATION; ETHANOL; ACETOBUTYLICUM; STARCH; BA101; BIOCONVERSION; RECOVERY; REMOVAL AB Fermentation of sulfuric acid treated corn fiber hydrolysate (SACFH) inhibited cell growth and butanol production (1.7 +/- 0.2 g/L acetone butanol ethanol or ABE) by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101. Treatment of SACFH with XAD-4 resin removed some of the inhibitors resulting in the production of 9.3 +/- 0.5 g/L ABE and a yield of 0.39 +/- 0.015. Fermentation of enzyme treated corn fiber hydrolysate (ETCFH) did not reveal any cell inhibition and resulted in the production of 8.6 +/- 1.0 g/L ABE and used 24.6 g/L total sugars. ABE production from fermentation of 25 g/L glucose and 25 g/L xylose was 9.9 +/- 0.4 and 9.6 +/- 0.4 g/L, respectively, suggesting that the culture was able to utilize xylose as efficiently as glucose. Production of only 9.3 0.5 g/L ABE (compared with 17.7 g/L ABE from fermentation of 55 g/L glucose-control) from the XAD-4 treated SACFH suggested that some fermentation inhibitors may still be present following treatment. It is suggested that inhibitory components be completely removed from the SACFH prior to fermentation with C. beijerinckii BA101. In our fermentations, an ABE yield ranging from 0.35 to 0.39 was obtained, which is higher than reported by the other investigators. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ezeji, Thaddeus C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Qureshi, Nasib; Dien, Bruce S.; Cotta, Michael A.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Ebener, Jennifer; Blaschek, Hans P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ezeji, TC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM ezeji.1@osu.edu RI Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015; OI Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 19 TC 161 Z9 177 U1 3 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 99 IS 13 BP 5915 EP 5922 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.087 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 312FN UT WOS:000256654600083 PM 18061440 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Palmquist, DE AF Sessa, D. J. Palmquist, D. E. TI Effect of heat on the adsorption capacity of an activated carbon for decolorizing/deodorizing yellow zein SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; adsorption; Freundlich isotherm; thermal effects; zein decolorization/deodorization ID CORN AB The Freundlich model was evaluated for use to assess the effect of heat on the adsorption capacity of an activated carbon for decolorizing/deodorizing corn zein. Because zein protein and its color/odor components are all adsorbed by activated carbon, a method to monitor their removal was needed. Yellow color is due to xanthophylls; a contributor to off-odor is diferuloylputrescine. The off-odor component absorbs ultraviolet (UV) light at about 325 nm and its removal coincides with removal of yellow color. A spectrophotometric method based on UV absorbances 280 nm for protein and 325 nm for the off-odor component was used to monitor their adsorptions onto activated carbon. Equilibrium studies were performed over temperature range from 25 to 60 degrees C for zein dissolved in 70% aqueous ethanol. Runs made at 55 degrees C adsorbed significantly more of the color/odor components than the protein. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sessa, D. J.; Palmquist, D. E.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biometr Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sessa, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biometr Serv, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Sessa@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 11 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 99 IS 14 BP 6360 EP 6364 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.076 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 319FZ UT WOS:000257150800050 PM 18234494 ER PT J AU Landers, KL Moore, RW Herrera, P Landers, DA Howard, ZR McReynolds, JL Bry, JA Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Landers, K. L. Moore, R. W. Herrera, P. Landers, D. A. Howard, Z. R. McReynolds, J. L. Bry, J. A. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Organ weight and serum triglyceride responses of older (80 week) commercial laying hens fed an alfalfa meal molt diet SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa meal; molt; organ weights; serum triglycerides; 80 week laying hens ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; POSTMOLT EGG-PRODUCTION; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; FORCED MOLT; METABOLITE RESPONSE; ZINC PROPIONATE; FEED WITHDRAWAL; INDUCTION; CRUMBLES AB Since one of the costs in the commercial egg industry is that of replacement pullets, commercial egg layer managers have opted to induce molt older hens in order to extend their productive life for additional egg laying cycles. Conventional molt induction involves the complete removal of feed for several days. However, this management practice can lead to deleterious physiological responses by the hen and subsequent susceptibility to infection by pathogens. Consequently less stressful molting regimens involving the feeding of low energy diets such as alfalfa have been developed. In this study, 80 week old laying hens that were deprived of feed or fed alfalfa meal during a nine day induced molt. Full fed hens were used as the control. On day 8 serum triglycerides were quantified and on day 9 hens were euthanized and the liver, spleen, heart, intestine, pancreas, ovary, and kidney were collected and weighed. Intestinal weight were highest in the non-molted hens, lower in the hens fed alfalfa, and lower still in the hens deprived of feed. Molted hens exhibited reduced weights of liver, heart, ovary, and pancreas compared to the non-molted hens. Serum triglycerides were highest in the nonmolted hens, less in feed deprived hens, and the lowest in alfalfa fed hens. These results suggest that a comparable molt could be achieved with feeding alfalfa meal to 80 week hens compared to feed deprivation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Landers, K. L.; Moore, R. W.; Herrera, P.; Landers, D. A.; Howard, Z. R.; Ricke, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [McReynolds, J. L.; Bry, J. A.; Kubena, L. F.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 99 IS 14 BP 6692 EP 6696 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.045 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 319FZ UT WOS:000257150800097 PM 18164195 ER PT J AU Jugdaohsingh, R Calomme, MR Robinson, K Nielsen, F Anderson, SHC D'Haese, P Geusens, P Loveridge, N Thompson, RPH Powell, JJ AF Jugdaohsingh, Ravin Calomme, Mario R. Robinson, Karen Nielsen, Forrest Anderson, Simon H. C. D'Haese, Patrick Geusens, Piet Loveridge, Nigel Thompson, Richard P. H. Powell, Jonathan J. TI Increased longitudinal growth in rats on a silicon-depleted diet SO BONE LA English DT Article DE bone growth; Sprague-Dawley rats; silicon deficiency; orthosilicic acid supplementation; bone and soft-tissue silicon concentrations; tibia calcium and phosphorus ID STABILIZED ORTHOSILICIC ACID; OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROMETRY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; ESSENTIAL ELEMENT; GROWING RATS; ALUMINUM AB Silicon-deficiency studies in growing animals in the early 1970s reported Stunted growth and profound defects in bone and other connective tissues. However, more recent attempts to replicate these findings have found mild alterations in bone metabolism without any adverse health effects. Thus the biological role of silicon remains unknown. Using a specifically formulated silicon-depleted diet and modern methods for silicon analysis and assessment of skeletal development, we undertook, through international collaboration between silicon researchers, an extensive study of long-term silicon depletion on skeletal development in an animal. 21-day old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=20) were fed a silicon-depleted diet (3.2 mu g Si/g feed) for 26 weeks and their growth and skeletal development were compared with identical Fats (it 10) on the same diet but with silicon added as Si(OH)4 to their drinking water (53.2 mu g Si/g water); total silicon intakes were 24 times different. A third group of rats, receiving a standard rodent stock feed (322 mu g Si/g feed) and tap water (5 mu g Si/g water), served as a reference group for optimal growth. A series of anthropometric and bone quality measures were undertaken during and following the Study. Fasting serum silicon concentrations and especially urinary silicon excretion were significantly lower in the silicon-deprived group compared to the supplemented group (P=0.03 and 0.004, respectively). Tibia and soft-tissue silicon contents did not differ between the two groups, but tibia silicon levels were significantly lower compared to the reference group (P<0.0001). Outward adverse health effects were not observed in the silicon-deprived group. However, body lengths from week IS onwards (P<0.05) and bone lengths at necropsy (P <= 0.002) were longer in this group. Moreover, these measures correlated inversely with serum silicon concentrations (P <= 0.02). A reduction in bone growth plate thickness and an apparent increase in chondrocyte density were also observed in the silicon-deprived animals. No other differences were observed between the two groups, except for tibia phosphorus concentrations, which were lower in the silicon-deprived animals (P=0.0003). Thus in this Study we were unable to reproduce the profound deficiency state reported in rats and chicks in the early 1970s. Indeed, although silicon intake and circulating fasting serum levels differed between the silicon-deprived and silicon-supplemented animals, tibia and soft-tissue levels did not and may explain the lack of difference in bone quality and bone markers (except serum CTx) between these two groups. Markedly higher tibia silicon levels in the reference group and nutritional differences between the formulated low-Si and reference diets suggest that one of more co-factors may be absent from the low-Si diet that affect silicon incorporation into bone. However, evidence for urinary silicon conservation (to maintain tissue levels), changes in bone/body lengths, bone calcium:phosphorus ratio and differences at the growth plate with silicon deprivation are all novel and deserve further Study. These results suggest that rats actively maintain body silicon levels via urinary conservation, but the low circulating serum Silicon levels during silicon deficiency result in inhibition of growth plate Closure and increased longitudinal growth. Silicon-responsive genes and Si transporters are being investigated in the kidneys of these rats. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jugdaohsingh, Ravin; Powell, Jonathan J.] MRC Human Nutr Res, Elsie Widdowson Lab, Cambridge CB1 9NL, England. [Jugdaohsingh, Ravin; Anderson, Simon H. C.; Thompson, Richard P. H.] Kings Coll London, St Thomas Hosp, Rayne Inst, Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci,Nutr Sci Div, London SE1 7EH, England. [Calomme, Mario R.] Univ Antwerp, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Robinson, Karen] Kings Coll London, St Thomas Hosp, Rayne Inst, Biol Serv Unit, London SE1 7EH, England. [Nielsen, Forrest] Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [D'Haese, Patrick] Univ Antwerp, Fac Med, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Geusens, Piet] Univ Hasselt, Biomed Res Inst, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Geusens, Piet] Univ Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, Netherlands. [Loveridge, Nigel] Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Dept Med, Bone Metab Unit, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England. RP Jugdaohsingh, R (reprint author), MRC Human Nutr Res, Elsie Widdowson Lab, Fulbourn Rd, Cambridge CB1 9NL, England. EM ravin.jugdaohsingh@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk OI Loveridge, Nigel/0000-0002-5550-7584 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U105960399]; Wellcome Trust NR 60 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 EI 1873-2763 J9 BONE JI Bone PD SEP PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 BP 596 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2008.04.014 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 344UW UT WOS:000258953800025 PM 18550464 ER PT J AU Lawrence, SD Novak, NG Ju, CJT Cooke, JEK AF Lawrence, Susan D. Novak, Nicole G. Ju, Chelsea J. -T. Cooke, Janice E. K. TI Examining the molecular interaction between potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Colorado potato beetle; herbivore; infestation; plant-insect interaction; potato ID LARGE-SCALE CHANGES; PLANT VOLATILES; INSECT HERBIVORES; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; CDNA MICROARRAY; JASMONIC ACID; DEFENSE; ARABIDOPSIS AB Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is a devastating herbivorous pest of solanaceous plants. Despite the economic impact, little is known about the molecular interaction of CPB with these plants. Using an 11 421 expressed sequence tag (EST) potato microarray, we identified 320 genes differentially expressed in potato leaves in response to CPB herbivory. Amongst these were genes putatively encoding proteinase inhibitors along with enzymes of terpenoid, alkaloid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways, suggesting the defensive chemistries that constitute potato's defense against CPB herbivory. Several genes, such as those encoding proteinase inhibitors, represent mechanisms implicated in other plant-herbivory interactions, and could correspond with general defensive chemistry strategies. In other cases, products of the differentially expressed genes may represent taxa-specific defensive chemistry. For example, the presumed alkaloid products of a putative tropinone reductase I are specific to a subset of the Solanaceae. Two herbivory-induced genes, not specific to potato, are implicated in the synthesis of volatiles known to attract CPB predators. Comparison of continuous herbivore attack versus recovery from CPB attack indicates that fewer genes involved in defensive chemistry are induced after continuous feeding than after feeding and recovery, suggesting the plant's ability to mount a full defense response is enhanced under light versus heavy attack. C1 [Lawrence, Susan D.; Novak, Nicole G.] USDA, ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ju, Chelsea J. -T.; Cooke, Janice E. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Lawrence, SD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W, 10 300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 011A,Room 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM susan.lawrence@ars.usda.gov RI Cooke, Janice /G-5906-2011 OI Cooke, Janice /0000-0002-4990-628X FU TIGR Expression Profiling Service FX We are indebted to the TIGR Expression Profiling Service for providing and performing the microarrays and the data acquisition, to Y. Lui for assistance with the statistical analyses of the microarray data, and to R. Bennett for providing potato plants. We also thank E. Clark and L. Liska for providing CPB. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 EI 1916-2804 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD SEP PY 2008 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1080 EP 1091 DI 10.1139/B08-074 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 353NW UT WOS:000259575700011 ER PT J AU Johnson, PL Hayes, JL Rinehart, J Sheppard, WS Smith, SE AF Johnson, Patricia L. Hayes, Jane L. Rinehart, John Sheppard, Walter S. Smith, Steven E. TI Characterization of two non-native invasive bark beetles, Scolytus schevyrewi and Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN GYPSY MOTHS; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA AB Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, the banded elm bark beetle, and S. multistriatus Marsham, the smaller European elm bark beetle, are morphologically similar. Reliance on adult external morphological characters for identification can be problematic because of wide within-species variability and the need for good-quality specimens. The inability to identify developmental stages can also hamper early-detection programs. Using two character identification systems, genitalic (aedeagus) morphology, and DNA markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR)) to distinguish S. schevyrewi from S. multistriatus, we examined specimens from geographically distinct populations of both species collected from infested host trees or semiochemical-baited funnel traps. We found that aedeagus morphology can be used to identify the two species. The use of two oligonucleotide primers in the RAPD-PCR analysis yielded distinct DNA banding patterns for the two species. Species identification using RAPD-PCR analysis was validated by a blind test and used to make species identifications of larval specimens. These tools improve the ability to differentiate between S. schevyrewi and S. multistriatus at immature and adult stages, and could be developed and used for other scolytines as well. C1 [Johnson, Patricia L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Wallowa Valley Off, Enterprise, OR 97828 USA. [Hayes, Jane L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Rinehart, John] Eastern Oregon Univ, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Sheppard, Walter S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Smith, Steven E.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Johnson, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Wallowa Valley Off, Box A,88401 Highway 82, Enterprise, OR 97828 USA. EM pljohnson@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and Pacific Northwest Region; Washington State University FX Support for this work was provided by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and Pacific Northwest Region, and Washington State University. We thank James LaBonte, Robert Rabagalia, Glen Salsbury, Jeffery Witcosky, Jose Negron, and Clint Burfitt for providing and identifying samples, and Micheal Minthom and Larry Bare for laboratory assistance. Haruyo Matsuyarna assisted with PCR experiments and band analysis. Carol Anelli, William Turner, Gary Piper, Lia Spiegel, and Joshua Johnson provided comments on earlier drafts of this paper. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 140 IS 5 BP 527 EP 538 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 373MT UT WOS:000260976700001 ER PT J AU Courbois, JY Katz, SL Isaak, DJ Steel, EA Thurow, RF Rub, AMW Olsen, T Jordan, CE AF Courbois, Jean-Yves Katz, Stephen L. Isaak, Daniel J. Steel, E. Ashley Thurow, Russell F. Rub, A. Michelle Wargo Olsen, Tony Jordan, Chris E. TI Evaluating probability sampling strategies for estimating redd counts: an example with Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL VARIATION; RESOURCES; DESIGNS; IDAHO AB Precise, unbiased estimates of population size are an essential tool for fisheries management. For a wide variety of salmonid fishes, redd counts from a sample of reaches are commonly used to monitor annual trends in abundance. Using a 9-year time series of georeferenced censuses of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redds from central Idaho, USA, we evaluated a wide range of common sampling strategies for estimating the total abundance of redds. We evaluated two sampling-unit sizes (200 and 1000 m reaches), three sample proportions (0.05, 0.10 and 0.29) and six sampling strategies (index sampling, simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, adaptive cluster sampling, and a spatially balanced design). We evaluated the strategies based on their accuracy (confidence interval coverage), precision (relative standard error) and cost (based on travel time). Accuracy increased with increasing number of redds, increasing sample size, and smaller sampling units. The total number of redds in the watershed and budgetary constraints influenced which strategies were most precise and effective. For years with very few redds (<0.15 redds.km (1)), a stratified sampling strategy and inexpensive strategies were most efficient, whereas for year with more redds (0.15-2.9 redds.km (1)) either of two more expensive systematic strategies were most precise. C1 [Courbois, Jean-Yves; Katz, Stephen L.; Steel, E. Ashley; Rub, A. Michelle Wargo; Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Isaak, Daniel J.; Thurow, Russell F.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Olsen, Tony] US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Jordan, CE (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA Fisheries, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM chris.jordan@noaa.gov RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011; OI Steel, E. Ashley/0000-0001-5091-276X FU Bonneville power Administration [2003-017] FX We thank Steven Smith. George Pess, Martin Liermann, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive critiques of the Manuscript and Blake Feist for expert assistance on the figures. This work was funded in part by the Bonneville power Administration (Project 2003-017 to CEJ). NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 9 BP 1814 EP 1830 DI 10.1139/F08-092 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 361HR UT WOS:000260119200003 ER PT J AU Nelson, RM Hiers, JK AF Nelson, Ralph M., Jr. Hiers, J. Kevin TI The influence of fuelbed properties on moisture drying rates and timelags of longleaf pine litter SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Fire managers often model pine needles as 1 h timelag fuels, but fuelbed properties may significantly change the rate at which needles exchange moisture with the atmosphere. The problem of determining whether moisture loss from fine fuels is being controlled by individual particles or by the fuelbed remains unresolved. Results from this laboratory experiment indicate that first-period timelags of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) needles are altered by fuelbed loading and needle arrangement. Timelags of individual needles ranged from 3.3 to 5.3 h; timelags of beds of vertically oriented needles (4.4 to 8.6 h) approximated those of individual particles, but were slightly influenced by loading. Beds of horizontal needles dried with load-dependent timelags that varied from 6.5 to 31.6 h. Fuel loads ranged from 0.04 (for individual particles) to 1.07 kg.m(-2). We report a new metric, the area drying rate, which is analogous to a unit-area burning rate. For beds of flat needles, plots of the area drying rate versus fuel load illustrate a transition from control by individual particles to control by the bed structure when fuel loading is approximately 0.33 kg.m(-2). Beds of vertical needles were particle controlled. Results should be useful to fire managers when modeling fire behavior. C1 [Nelson, Ralph M., Jr.; Hiers, J. Kevin] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Nelson, Ralph M., Jr.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Leland, NC 28451 USA. RP Hiers, JK (reprint author), Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Route 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA 39870 USA. EM khiers@jonesctr.org FU Robert W. Woodruff Foundation; Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center FX We give special thanks to Robert Mitchell, Matt McCorvey, Jason McGee, Matt Greene, and Jim Bradley for their help in data collection. This manuscript also was improved with the help of anonymous reviewers. Funding for this project was provided by the Robert W. Woodruff Foundation and the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2394 EP 2404 DI 10.1139/X08-078 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 357XD UT WOS:000259879600006 ER PT J AU Coulston, JW Koch, FH Smith, WD Sapio, FJ AF Coulston, John W. Koch, Frank H. Smith, William D. Sapio, Frank J. TI Invasive forest pest surveillance: survey development and reliability SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RUST MITE ACARI; UNITED-STATES; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; NEW-ZEALAND; MODELS; 2-STAGE; ESTABLISHMENT; ERIOPHYIDAE; ATTRACTION AB Worldwide, a large number of potential pest species are introduced to locations outside their native ranges; under the best possible prevention scheme, some are likely to establish one or more localized populations. A comprehensive early detection and rapid-response protocol calls for surveillance to determine if a pest has invaded additional locations outside its original area of introduction. In this manuscript, we adapt and spatially extend a two-stage sampling technique to determine the required sample size to substantiate freedom from an invasive pest with a known level of certainty. The technique, derived from methods for sampling livestock herds for disease presence, accounts for the fact that pest activity may be low at a coarse spatial scale (i.e., among forested landscapes) but high at a fine scale (i.e., within a given forested landscape). We illustrate the utility of the approach by generating a national-scale survey based on a risk map for a hypothetical forest pest species threatening the United States. These techniques provide a repeatable, cost-effective, practical framework for developing broad-scale surveys to substantiate freedom from non-native invasive forest pests with known statistical power. C1 [Coulston, John W.; Smith, William D.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Coulston, John W.; Koch, Frank H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sapio, Frank J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Coulston, JW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM jcoulston@fs.fed.us RI Koch, Frank/F-2002-2011; OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, North Carolina [07-JV-11330146-135]; North Carolina State University FX This research was supported in part through Research Joint Venture Agreement 07-JV-11330146-135 between the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, North Carolina, and North Carolina State University. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions on this manuscript. We also thank the associate editor for insightful comments and help in utilizing the hypergeometric distribution. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2422 EP 2433 DI 10.1139/X08-076 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 357XD UT WOS:000259879600009 ER PT J AU Horsley, SB Bailey, SW Ristau, TE Long, RP Hallett, RA AF Horsley, Stephen B. Bailey, Scott W. Ristau, Todd E. Long, Robert P. Hallett, Richard A. TI Linking environmental gradients, species composition, and vegetation indicators of sugar maple health in the northeastern United States (vol 38, pg 1761, 2008) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction C1 [Horsley, Stephen B.; Ristau, Todd E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Long, Robert P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Hallett, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Horsley, SB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, POB 269, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM shorsley@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2551 EP 2551 DI 10.1139/X08-907 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 357XD UT WOS:000259879600021 ER PT J AU Skinner, DZ Garland-Campbell, KA AF Skinner, D. Z. Garland-Campbell, K. A. TI The relationship of LT50 to prolonged freezing survival in winter wheat SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Winter wheat; freezing tolerance; freezing injury ID COLD-HARDINESS; SELECTION; VERNALIZATION AB Twenty-six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines were tested for their ability to withstand remaining frozen for extended periods of time. Survival of acclimted seedlings was evaluated after remaining frozen at -5 degrees C for 15 or 20 wk. Survival after 15 wk ranged from 0 to 100% and after 20 wk ranged from 0 to 33%. The relationship of survival and LT50 scores, the temperatures at which 50% of the plants were predicted to die, was examined with linear regression analysis. The linear relationship was highly statistically significant after 15 wk and after 20 wk. The cultivars Norstar and Froid survived being frozen for 20 wk nearly twice as well as the other cultivars; about 33% vs. 17% for the next best cultivar. These results indicated that the LT50 score, which can be estimated in about 8 wk, reliably predicts the ability to survive in the frozen state for as long as 20 wk, and that Norstar and Froid possess a long-term freezing tolerance mechanism that is far superior to the other cultivars tested. C1 [Skinner, D. Z.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. FU USDA-ARS [5348-21430-003-00D] FX The authors are grateful to Brian Bellinger for excellent technical assistance. This project was supported by USDA-ARS project 5348-21430-003-00D. Mention of product names does not represent an endorsement of any product or company but is given only to clarify the methodology; other products may be equally effective. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 88 IS 5 BP 885 EP 889 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 371VR UT WOS:000260861300004 ER PT J AU Robins, JG Jensen, KB AF Robins, Joseph G. Jensen, Kevin B. TI Characterization of fitness traits in thickspike wheatgrass SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Biomass production; genotypic correlation; heritability; rhizome; seed production; thickspike wheatgrass ID INTRODUCED GRASSES; PERFORMANCE; CANADA AB Poor seed production and stand establishment are limitations to the use of thickspike wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould] in rangeland re-vegetation projects. This study assessed the heritability of seed production, rhizome proliferation, and biomass production and genotypic correlations among these traits in a population of half-sib thickspike wheatgrass families at a site near Nephi, UT, USA during 2005 and 2006. Heritability estimates were similar to 0.6 for seed production and rhizome spread, but non-significant for biomass production. Genotypic correlations among the traits were all low or non-significant. C1 [Robins, Joseph G.] ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM joseph.robins@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 88 IS 5 BP 925 EP 927 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 371VR UT WOS:000260861300009 ER PT J AU Samonte, SOPB Wilson, LT Tabien, RE McClung, AM AF Samonte, S. O. P. B. Wilson, L. T. Tabien, R. E. McClung, A. M. TI Use of gross income as a measure of productivity in rice breeding SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rice; GGE; GE; breeding; gross income ID HEAD RICE; ROUGH RICE; GGE BIPLOT; YIELD; GRAIN; CULTIVARS; SELECTION; HARVEST AB Rice breeders consider grain yield and milled rice percentages in developing cultivars, but usually do not consider gross income. This study's objectives were to identify rice genotypes that produced high and stable expected gross incomes using genotype plus genotype x environment (GGE) biplot analysis. Uniform Regional Rice Nursery data on 47 long-grain genotypes grown at five locations (AR, LA, MO, MS, and TX) during 2001 to 2003 were analyzed. Gross income of each genotype was estimated based on grain yield, milled rice percentages, market prices, and direct and counter-cyclical payments. Based on GGE biplot analysis, the genotypes with the highest yield and highest gross income for the main crop were different in 12 out of 13 environments. RU0103184, Francis, and RU0003178 were the genotypes with the highest gross income in six, four, and three environments, respectively. Rice breeders should consider gross income as a selection criterion in the release of new cultivars. C1 [Samonte, S. O. P. B.; Wilson, L. T.; Tabien, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [McClung, A. M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Samonte, SOPB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM sosamonte@aesrg.tamu.edu RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 FU Jack B. Wendt Endowed Chair FX We thank the cooperators of the Uniform Regional Rice Nursery at AR, LA, MO, MS, and TX for providing the raw data for analyses. Funding by this project was provided in part by Lloyd T. Wilson through the Jack B. Wendt Endowed Chair. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1015 EP 1022 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 371VR UT WOS:000260861300015 ER PT J AU Flaherty, EA Smith, WP Pyare, S Ben-David, M AF Flaherty, E. A. Smith, W. P. Pyare, S. Ben-David, M. TI Experimental trials of the Northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) traversing managed rainforest landscapes: perceptual range and fine-scale movements SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-FOOTED MICE; HABITAT PATCHES; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; PTEROMYS-VOLANS; OLD-GROWTH; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; ORIENTATION; POPULATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Successful dispersal in many species may be a function of the distance at which animals can perceive a particular landscape feature (i.e., perceptual range), as well as energetic costs associated with traversing the distance towards that feature. We used a model, relating perceptual range to body size of mammals, to predict the perceptual range of the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) in fragmented forests of Southeast Alaska. We hypothesized that the perceptual range of flying squirrels would be 325.5-356.5 m in clearcuts and 159.7-174.9 m in second-growth stands. The distance advantage in clearcuts may, however, be lost if the cost of transport in that habitat is higher. Our results suggest that as heuristically predicted by the model, the perceptual range of flying squirrels was greater in clearcut habitats than in second-growth stands. Nonetheless, for both habitats the actual perceptual range was significantly shorter than predicted by the model. We found that precipitation, and associated cloud cover and illumination, and wind speed, which affect olfaction capabilities, influenced orientation success. Although squirrels more often oriented towards the forest edge in clearcuts, they paused more often during their movements, which may lead to higher costs of dispersing through this habitat. The application of the mass-based model to nonagricultural landscapes should be done with caution, and variables such as wind and illumination be measured concurrently. Our data illustrate that dispersing squirrels likely will not venture into managed habitats because logging creates clearcuts larger than the perceptual range of these mammals. C1 [Flaherty, E. A.; Ben-David, M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Smith, W. P.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Pyare, S.] Univ Alaska SE, Dept Nat Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Flaherty, EA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM lizf@uwyo.edu RI Flaherty, Elizabeth/F-1825-2017 OI Flaherty, Elizabeth/0000-0001-6872-7984 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Forest Service, Earthwatch; Denver Zoological Foundation; University of Wyoming; University of Alaska Southeast FX We thank I. Abernathy, C. Boser, B. L. Bruner, D. Caton, R. Choi, D. Haynes, K. Keffer, K. Leonard, K. Lunde, S. Scott, C. Shanley, K. Van Dyke, and G. Yenni and all of our Earthwatch volunteers for field assistance. P. Zollner, N. Solomon, S. Miller, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Forest Service, Earthwatch, Denver Zoological Foundation, University of Wyoming, and University of Alaska Southeast. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 40 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1050 EP 1058 DI 10.1139/Z08-084 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 357GE UT WOS:000259833500013 ER PT J AU Robertson, GH Cao, TK Orts, WO AF Robertson, G. H. Cao, T. K. Orts, W. O. TI Effect on dough functional properties of partial fractionation, redistribution, and in situ deposition of wheat flour gluten proteins exposed to water, ethanol, and aqueous ethanol SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLD-ETHANOL; BREADMAKING PROPERTIES; BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; STARCH; COMPONENTS; RECONSTITUTION; DISPLACEMENT; EXTRACTION; BAKING; ELECTROPHORESIS AB The application of the cold-ethanol laboratory fractionation method to the bulk separation of wheat starch and gluten is accompanied by incidental dissolution, removal, or redeposition of a small part of the functional gliadin protein. The new distribution resulting from process incidental redeposition of soluble components or by purposeful add-back Of Soluble and leached components can lead to differences in functionality and more difficult recovery of native properties. To assess this issue, we exposed several wheat flour types to ethanol and water (50-90% v/v) solutions, water, and absolute ethanol at 22 degrees C and -12 degrees C. The exposure was mass conserving (leached components returned to substrate by evaporation of the solvent without separation of phases) or mass depleting (leached components not returned to Substrate). The result of the mass-conserving contact would be flour with altered protein distributions and intermolecular interactions. The result of the mass-depleting contact would also include altered protein content. Furthermore, the mass-conserving contact would model an industrial outcome for a cold-ethanol process in which leached components would be added back from an alcohol solution. The leaching result was monitored by mixography of the flour nitrogen analysis, and capillary zone electrophoresis of extracts. Although dough rheology was generally like that of the source flour, there were notable differences. The primary change for mass-conserving contact was an increase in the time to peak resistance and a decrease in the rate of loss of dough resistance following peak resistance. These changes were in direct proportion to the amount of protein mobilized by the solvent. Leaching at 22 degrees C, prevented dough formation for most aqueous ethanol concentrations and greatly reduced gliadin protein content. Minimal changes were noted for solvent contact at -12 degrees C regardless of the ethanol concentration. The data suggested that 1) the conditions applied in cold-ethanol enrichment of protein from wheat will generally preserve vital wheat gluten functionality, 2) functionality losses can be recovered by returning the solubilized fractions, and 3) the flour to which the gluten is added may require more mixing. C1 [Robertson, G. H.; Cao, T. K.; Orts, W. O.] USDA, Pacific W Area, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Robertson, GH (reprint author), USDA, Pacific W Area, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grobertson@pw.usda.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 599 EP 606 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-5-0599 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 348XD UT WOS:000259242500004 ER PT J AU Wilson, JD Bechtel, DB Wilson, GWT Seib, PA AF Wilson, J. D. Bechtel, D. B. Wilson, G. W. T. Seib, P. A. TI Bread quality of spelt wheat and its starch SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRANULE SIZE DISTRIBUTION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; RED WINTER WHEATS; CEREAL STARCHES; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; PASTING BEHAVIOR; AMYLOSE CONTENT; PARTICLE-SIZE; GELATINIZATION; FLOUR AB Flours front five spelt cultivars grown over three years were evaluated as to their breadbaking quality and isolated starch properties. The starch properties included amylose contents, gelatinization temperatures (differential scanning calorimetry), granule size distributions, and pasting properties. Milled flour showed highly variable protein content and was higher than hard winter wheat, with short dough-mix times indicating weak gluten. High protein cultivars gave good crumb scores, some of which surpassed the HRW baking control. Loaf volume was correlated to protein and all spelt cultivars were at least 9-51% lower than the HRW control. Isolated starch properties revealed an increase in amylose in the spell starches of 2-21% over the hard red winter wheat (HRW) control. Negative correlations were observed for the large A-type granules to bread crumb score, amylose level, and final pasting viscosity for cultivars grown in year 1999 and to pasting temperature in 1998 samples. Positive correlations were found for the small 13- and C-type granules relative to crumb score, loaf volume, amylose. and RVA final pasting viscosity for cultivars grown in 1999, and to RVA pasting temperature for samples grown in 1998. The environmental impact on spell properties seemed to have a greater effect than genetic control. C1 [Wilson, J. D.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Wilson, G. W. T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Seib, P. A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wilson, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM jdw@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Wilson, Gail/G-4255-2012 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 629 EP 638 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-5-0629 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 348XD UT WOS:000259242500009 ER PT J AU Wise, ML Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS AF Wise, Mitchell L. Doehlert, Douglas C. McMullen, Michael S. TI Association of avenanthramide concentration in oat (Avena sativa L.) grain with crown rust incidence and genetic resistance SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID F-SP AVENAE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; POLYPHENOL; INDUCTION; LEAVES AB Avenanthramides (avn) ire antioxidant compounds found in oat tissues, including the grain, that are of interest front a nutritional standpoint. In this study. we have measured avenanthramide concentration in the grain of 18 oat genotypes grown in six environments. These genotypes varied widely in crown rust (Puccinia coronata) resistance. Crown rust infected two of the six environments studied. The grain avenanthramide concentrations in the crown rust environments were significantly higher than those in the uninfected environments. Avenanthramide concentrations in the crown rust infected environments was also significantly correlated with their genetic crown rust resistance, as evaluated in the field. These results suggest that avenanthramide accumulation in the grain is associated with crown rust infection and that, in most of the cultivars evaluated, the extent of their accumulation also correlated with their genetic disease resistance avenanthramide accumulation in the grain was, with noted exceptions, highest in those cultivars showing the greatest genetic resistant to crown rust. C1 [Wise, Mitchell L.] USDA ARS Cereal Crops Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Doehlert, Douglas C.] N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [McMullen, Michael S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Wise, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS Cereal Crops Res, 502 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mlwise@wise.edu FU USDA; Agricultural Research Service CRIS [3655-21000-044-OOD] FX Thanks are extended to Laurie Herrin for expert technical assistance. This research is supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service CRIS #3655-21000-044-OOD. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 639 EP 641 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-5-0639 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 348XD UT WOS:000259242500010 ER PT J AU Hu, GS Burton, C AF Hu, Gongshe Burton, Charlotte TI Modification of standard enzymatic protocol to a cost-efficient format for mixed-linkage (1 -> 3,1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucan measurement SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BARLEY BETA-GLUCAN; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; OATS; CHOLESTEROL; LIPIDS; (1->3),(1->4)-BETA-D-GLUCAN; FRACTIONS; FOODS AB The current enzymatic assay approach (AACC International Approved Method 32-23) for the measurement of mixed-linkage beta-glucan in small grains wits modified to a cost-efficient and high-throughput format without compromising the accuracy of the results. Ten barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes used in the study represented a wide range of beta-glucan content levels. A reduced reaction Volume is used in the new protocol to adapt to a 96-well plate format. The Volume of key components lichenase and beta-glucosidase were reduced to 25% of the volume required in the original protocol and the cost per sample was reduced to 22% of that in the original protocol. Labor cost was also decreased to 25% of the original protocol as a result of format changes. The accuracy of the measurement front the modified protocol was comparable to the current standard enzymatic procedure. P-Glucan measurement accuracy of the modified and original protocols were also compared using 21 oat (Avena sativa L.) samples. The results indicated that the new protocol consistently produced accurate measurements in both barley and oat. C1 [Hu, Gongshe; Burton, Charlotte] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Hu, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 South 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM gongshe.hu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS [5366-21310-003-00D] FX We thank Mary Leisy, Sara Gutterud Day. and Rodrigo Lemos for their technical assistance and Kathy Satterfield and Rebeca Caldera for the early generation sample preparation. This research was funded by USDA CRIS grant 5366-21310-003-00D. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 648 EP 653 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-5-0648 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 348XD UT WOS:000259242500012 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS AF Doehlert, Douglas C. McMullen, Michael S. TI Oat grain density measurement by sand displacement and analysis of physical components of test weight SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KERNEL SIZE; WHEAT AB Test weight or bulk density of oats (Avena sativa L.) has a major influence on the monetary value of oat grain. We hypothesize that test weight can be attributed to grain density and packing efficiency. We have measured oat grain volume and density by a sand-displacement method and derived the packing factor for six oat cultivars grown in three environments. Volumes of individual grains were 31-38 mm(3) and were highly correlated with grain mass. Grain densities were 0.96-1.03 g/cm(3). Packing efficiency. defined as the space proportion occupied by the grains, was 53-55%. Regression analysis suggested that 78% of the variation in test weight could be attributed to grain density. Size fractionation of grain by sieving and analysis by digital image analysis indicated that smaller grains within an oat sample packed more efficiently than larger grains and larger grains in a sample were less dense than the smaller grains. Analysis of oat grain components indicated groat densities were approximate to 1.29 g/cm(3) and hull densities were approximate to 0.69 g/cm(3). The difference in densities between groat and hull provide a physical basis for the recognized relationship between groat percentage and test weight. C1 [Doehlert, Douglas C.; McMullen, Michael S.] N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 654 EP 659 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-5-0654 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 348XD UT WOS:000259242500013 ER PT J AU Henriques, AB Johnston, DB Al-Dahhan, M AF Henriques, Ana Beatriz Johnston, David B. Al-Dahhan, Muthanna TI Enhancing water removal from whole stillage by enzyme addition during fermentation SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORN; ETHANOL AB The removal of water from coproducts in the fuel ethanol process requires a significant energy input. In this study, the addition of commercially available cell-wall-degrading enzymes was investigated to determine whether or not the enzymes could reduce the amount of water bound within the wet grains. This would have the effect of allowing more water to be removed during centrifugation, reducing the time and energy needed during the drying process. The experiment screened 15 cell-wall-degrading enzyme preparations. A significant reduction in water-binding capacity was found for a number of enzymes tested in the initial screening. The experiment was repeated and two enzymes were identified to have the highest whole stillage dewatering effect, 15 and 14% more water removed for enzyme preparations A and G, respectively. Adding different enzyme preparation amounts to the mash showed varying effects, with the potential to allow for all optimization of enzymes cost and energy savings. In some cases, an enzyme dosage of 0.5 mL worked as well, if not better, than a dosage of 1 mL. These results call translate into improvements in the overall energy efficiency of the process because the wet grains entering the drier would contain less moisture than in the conventional process thus requiring a shorter residence time in the drier. C1 [Johnston, David B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Henriques, Ana Beatriz; Al-Dahhan, Muthanna] Washington Univ, Dept Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Johnston, DB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM David.Johnston@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Eastern Regional Research Center FX Work was conducted and funded by the USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center. Crop Conversion Science and Engineering Research Unit, Wynchnoor, PA. We would like to thank Kevin Hicks for careful review of the manuscript. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 685 EP 688 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-5-0685 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 348XD UT WOS:000259242500018 ER PT J AU Kim, S Inglett, GE Liu, SX AF Kim, Sanghoon Inglett, George E. Liu, Sean X. TI Content and molecular weight distribution of oat beta-glucan in Oatrim, Nutrim, and C-Trim products SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLOW-INJECTION-ANALYSIS; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANALYSIS FIA METHOD; BARLEY; CALCOFLUOR; BRAN; WORT AB The soluble fiber, beta-glucan, in oat products is an active hypolipidemic component that is responsible for lowering plasma lipids. Quantitative analysis of beta-glucan in oat hydrocolloids such as Oatrim, Nutrini, and C-Trim was performed to measure the total beta-glucan content and molecular weight distribution. For the measurement of total beta-glucan content, both modified flow-injection analysis (FIA) method and the standard AACC enzymatic method were employed. FIA method uses the enhanced fluorescence produced when beta-glucan forms complexes with Calcofluor. Experimental results of both the modified FIA method and the standard AACC enzymatic method revealed very good coincidence with each other. This result confirms the applicability of either technique for the quantitative evaluation of beta-glucan in hydrocolloids. Molecular weight (MW) distribution of beta-glucan was determined by size-exclusion chromatography with postcolumn detection. Experimental results revealed that the molecular weight of beta-glucan in the Trim products was decreased during the manufacturing process. This result was ascribed to the rigorous processing condition of jet-cooking. C1 [Kim, Sanghoon; Inglett, George E.; Liu, Sean X.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sanghoon.kim@ars.usa.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 701 EP 705 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-5-0701 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 348XD UT WOS:000259242500021 ER PT J AU Champagne, ET Bett-Garber, KL Thomson, JL Shih, FF Lea, J Daigle, K AF Champagne, E. T. Bett-Garber, K. L. Thomson, J. L. Shih, F. F. Lea, J. Daigle, K. TI Impact of presoaking on flavor of cooked rice SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOAKING; TEXTURE; AMYLOSE AB Soaking rice in water for 30 min or longer before cooking is traditionally practiced in Japan, Korea. and other Asian Countries. When soaked, the rice grains hydrate, develop cracks, and water is absorbed. Soaking facilitates Uniform cooking and shortens cooking time. The cooked kernel is Usually less firm. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of presoaking on the flavor of cooked rice and whether flavor differences are associated with textural changes that could influence retention of aroma compounds. Eleven samples of short, medium, and long grain milled rice representing scented and nonscented rice and a wide range of amylose contents were presented to a descriptive sensory panel. For the set of all rice samples, undesirable sewer/animal flavor significantly increased and sweet taste significantly decreased with presoaking for 30 min. For individual rice samples, significantly higher sewer/animal intensity was observed with presoaking for the 2 Basmati rice samples and one of the U.S. long grain rice samples. When presoaked, sweet taste was significantly lower in one of the Basmati and Jasmine rice samples, the U.S. medium grain rice, and one U.S. long grain rice. Water-like metallic was also significantly higher in one presoaked Basmati sample. Presoaking also resulted in significant increases in summed negative flavor attributes and significant decreases in summed positive flavor attributes for the set of all rice samples. The effects of presoaking on texture, as measured by TPA hardness and chewiness, did not explain the observed increases in negative flavor attributes. An increase in free sulfur-containing free amino acids with presoaking could have resulted in an increase of their breakdown products, thereby contributing to the increase in sewer/animal flavor. The decreases in sweet taste and summed positive flavor attributes were likely the result of masking caused by the increases in sewer/animal and summed negative flavor attributes. C1 [Champagne, E. T.; Bett-Garber, K. L.; Thomson, J. L.; Shih, F. F.; Lea, J.; Daigle, K.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Champagne, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. EM elaine.champagne@ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 706 EP 710 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-5-0706 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 348XD UT WOS:000259242500022 ER PT J AU Goff, WL Johnson, WC Molloy, JB Jorgensen, WK Waldron, SJ Figueroa, JV Matthee, O Adams, DS McGuire, TC Pino, I Mosqueda, J Palmer, GH Suarez, CE Knowles, DP McElwain, TF AF Goff, Will L. Johnson, Wendell C. Molloy, John B. Jorgensen, Wayne K. Waldron, Susan J. Figueroa, Julio V. Matthee, Olivier Adams, D. Scott McGuire, Travis C. Pino, Ignacio Mosqueda, Juan Palmer, Guy H. Suarez, Carlos E. Knowles, Donald P. McElwain, Terry F. TI Validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Babesia bigemina antibodies in cattle SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; EXPRESSION; EPITOPES; BOVIS; INFECTION; SURFACE; GENES AB A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) based on a broadly conserved, species-specific, B-cell epitope within the C terminus of Babesia bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1a was validated for international use. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed 16% inhibition as the threshold for a negative result, with an associated specificity of 98.3% and sensitivity of 94.7%. Increasing the threshold to 21% increased the specificity to 100% but modestly decreased the sensitivity to 87.2%. By using 21% inhibition, the positive predictive values ranged from 90.7% (10% prevalence) to 100% (95% prevalence) and the negative predictive values ranged from 97.0% (10% prevalence) to 48.2% (95% prevalence). The assay was able to detect serum antibody as early as 7 days after intravenous inoculation. The cELISA was distributed to five different laboratories along with a reference set of 100 defined bovine serum samples, including known positive, known negative, and field samples. The pairwise concordance among the five laboratories ranged from 100% to 97%, and all kappa values were above 0.8, indicating a high degree of reliability. Overall, the cELISA appears to have the attributes necessary for international application. C1 [Goff, Will L.; Johnson, Wendell C.; Suarez, Carlos E.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Molloy, John B.; Jorgensen, Wayne K.] Queensland Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Anim Res Inst, Yeerongpilly, Qld 4105, Australia. [Waldron, Susan J.] Tick Fever Ctr Wacol, Wacol, Qld 4076, Australia. [Figueroa, Julio V.; Mosqueda, Juan] INIFAP, PAVET, CENID, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. [Matthee, Olivier] Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Dept Parasites Vectors & Vector Borne Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Adams, D. Scott] VMRD Inc, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [McGuire, Travis C.; Palmer, Guy H.; McElwain, Terry F.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pino, Ignacio] Vet Clin, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [McElwain, Terry F.] Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Goff, WL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wgoff@vetmed.wsu.edu FU [USDA-ARS-CWU-5348-32000010-00D] FX This work was supported by grant USDA-ARS-CWU-5348-32000010-00D.; We thank Paul Lacy, Carey Wilson, and Carmen Rojas-Martinez for excellent technical support and John Vanderschalie from the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory for the provision of negative serum samples. We also thank Russell Bock and Bert De Vos for constructive review of the manuscript.; D. S. A. is associated with VMRD, Inc., a company with a commercial interest in veterinary diagnostics. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1316 EP 1321 DI 10.1128/CVI.00150-08 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 344UF UT WOS:000258952100002 PM 18632921 ER EF