FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Obenauer, PJ Kaufman, PE Allan, SA Kline, DL AF Obenauer, P. J. Kaufman, P. E. Allan, S. A. Kline, D. L. TI Host-Seeking Height Preferences of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in North Central Florida Suburban and Sylvatic Locales SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; traps; surveillance; vertical distribution; semiochemicals ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ADULT MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CHIKUNGUNYA-VIRUS; FEEDING PATTERNS; BAITED TRAPS; INFECTION; AEGYPTI; SURVEILLANCE; RATES AB The response of Aedes albopictus to the BG-Sentinel, Omni-directional-Fay-Prince, and Mosquito MagnetX traps was evaluated in four suburban and four sylvatic habitats in north-central Florida to ascertain potential height preference of this species. These traps, which are primarily designed to attract diurnal mosquitoes, were set at 1 and 6 m and were evaluated during 40 trapping periods over 4 mo. We collected 45,640 mosquitoes, representing 26 species from 10 genera, the most common being Aedes albopictus, Ae. vexans, Coquilletidia perturbans, Cidex nigripalpus, Aedes infirmatus, Ae. triseriatus, and Psorophora ferox. Although significantly more Ae, albopictus were captured at 1 m above ground than at 6 m, fewer were captured in sylvatic habitats than suburban habitats. Although not statistically different, the BG-Sentinel caught more Ae. albopictus compared with the other two traps regardless of locate. These results suggest that, although Ae. albopictus was captured as high as 6 m, the majority seek hosts at or below 1-m heights. This further supports prior research that, although Ae. albopictus has been shown to disseminate West Nile virus, it has not been implicated as a major vector for the virus, which is likely because of its propensity to feed on ground-dwelling hosts. The study also shows how trap type, trap heights, and environments influence sampling estimates when determining species abundance. C1 [Obenauer, P. J.; Kaufman, P. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Allan, S. A.; Kline, D. L.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Obenauer, PJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620,Bldg 970,Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pjoben@ufl.edu NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 900 EP 908 DI 10.1603/033.046.0424 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 465XQ UT WOS:000267623800025 PM 19645296 ER PT J AU Li, WB Abad, JA French-Monar, RD Rascoe, J Wen, AM Gudmestad, NC Secor, GA Lee, IM Duan, YP Levy, L AF Li, Wenbin Abad, Jorge A. French-Monar, Ronald D. Rascoe, John Wen, Aimin Gudmestad, Neil C. Secor, Gary A. Lee, Ing-Ming Duan, Yongping Levy, Laurene TI Multiplex real-time PCR for detection, identification and quantification of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' in potato plants with zebra chip SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Bactericera cockerel; Phloem-limited bacterium; alpha-proteobacteria ID UNITED-STATES; DNA AMPLIFICATION; DISEASE; CITRUS; PHYTOPLASMA; MEXICO AB The new Liberibacter species, 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) recently associated with potato/tomato psyllid-transmitted diseases in tomato and capsicum in New Zealand, was found to be consistently associated with a newly emerging potato zebra chip (ZC) disease in Texas and other southwestern states in the USA. A species-specific primer LsoF was developed for both quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and conventional PCR (cPCR) to detect and quantify Lso in infected samples. In multiplex qPCR, a plant cytochrome oxidase (COX)-based probe-primer set was used as a positive internal control for host plants, which could be used to reliably access the DNA extraction quality and to normalize qPCR data for accurate quantification of the bacterial populations in environment samples. Neither the qPCR nor the cPCR using the primer and/or probe sets with LsoF reacted with other Liberibacter species infecting citrus or other potato pathogens. The low detection limit of the multiplex qPCR was about 20 copies of the target 16S rDNA templates per reaction for field samples. Lso was readily detected and quantified in various tissues of ZC-affected potato plants collected from fields in Texas. A thorough but uneven colonization of Lso was revealed in various tissues of potato plants. The highest Lso populations were about 3 x 10(8) genomes/g tissue in the root, which were 3-order higher than those in the above-ground tissues of potato plants. The Lso bacterial populations were normally distributed across the ZC-affected potato plants collected from fields in Texas, with 60% of ZC-affected potato plants harboring an average Lso population from 10(5) to 10(6) genomes/g tissue, 4% of plants hosting above 10(7) Lso genomes/g tissue. and 8% of plants holding below 10(3) Lso genomes/g tissue. The rapid. sensitive, specific and reliable multiplex qPCR showed its potential to become a powerful tool for early detection and quantification of the new Liberibacter species associated with potato ZC, and will be very useful for the potato quarantine programs and seed potato certification programs to ensure the availability of clean seed potato stocks and also for epidemiological studies on the disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, Wenbin; Levy, Laurene] USDA, Natl Plant Germplasm & Biotechnol Lab, APHIS, PPQ,CPHST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Abad, Jorge A.] USDA, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, APHIS, PPQ,PHP,PSPI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [French-Monar, Ronald D.] Texas A&M, Plant Pathol & Microbiol, AgriLife Extens, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Rascoe, John] USDA, Mol Diagnost Lab, APHIS, PPQ,PHP, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wen, Aimin; Gudmestad, Neil C.; Secor, Gary A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Lee, Ing-Ming] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Duan, Yongping] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Li, WB (reprint author), USDA, Natl Plant Germplasm & Biotechnol Lab, APHIS, PPQ,CPHST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Wenbin.Li@aphis.usda.gov NR 29 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUL PY 2009 VL 78 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.04.009 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 463RU UT WOS:000267450500010 PM 19409423 ER PT J AU Abou-Zeid, KA Oscar, TP Schwarz, JG Hashem, FM Whiting, RC Yoon, K AF Abou-Zeid, Khaled A. Oscar, Thomas P. Schwarz, Jurgen G. Hashem, Fawzy M. Whiting, Richard C. Yoon, Kisun TI Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Listeria monocytogenes Scott A as a Function of Temperature, pH, and Commercial Mixture of Potassium Lactate and Sodium Diacetate SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE L. monocytogenes Scott A; polynomial model; model validation; potassium lactate/diacetate mixture; temperature ID COOKED MEAT-PRODUCTS; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; SMOKED SALMON; NA-LACTATE; SURVIVAL; BROTH; ATMOSPHERE; MOISTURE; CHLORIDE; BOLOGNA AB The objective of this study was to develop and validate secondary models that can predict growth parameters of L. monocytogenes Scott A as a function of concentrations (0-3%) of a commercial potassium lactate (PL) and sodium diacetate (SDA) mixture, pH (5.5-7.0), and temperature (4-37 degrees C). A total of 120 growth curves were fitted to the Baranyi primary model that directly estimates lag time (LT) and specific growth rate (SGR). The effects of the variables on L. monocytogenes Scott A growth kinetics were modeled by response surface analysis using quadratic and cubic polynomial models of the natural logarithm transformation of both LT and SGR. Model performance was evaluated with dependent data and independent data using the prediction bias (B(f)) and accuracy factors (A(f)) as well as the acceptable prediction zone method [percentage of relative errors (%RE)]. Comparison of predicted versus observed values of SGR indicated that the cubic model fits better than the quadratic model, particularly at 4 and 10 degrees C. The B(f) and A(f) for independent SGR were 1.00 and 1.08 for the cubic model and 1.08 and 1.16 for the quadratic model, respectively. For cubic and quadratic models, the %REs for the independent SGR data were 92.6 and 85.7, respectively. Both quadratic and cubic polynomial models for SGR and LT provided acceptable predictions of L. monocytogenes Scott A growth in the matrix of conditions described in the present study. Model performance can be more accurately evaluated with B(f) and A(f) and % RE together. C1 [Abou-Zeid, Khaled A.; Schwarz, Jurgen G.; Hashem, Fawzy M.; Yoon, Kisun] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Oscar, Thomas P.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Yoon, Kisun] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Whiting, Richard C.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Yoon, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM ksyoon@khu.ac.kr FU JIFSAN (Joint Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition) FX Funding for this study was provided by the JIFSAN (Joint Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition). Thanks are extended to PURAC America Inc. for providing PURASAL P Opti. Form 4 for this study. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1017-7825 J9 J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN JI J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 19 IS 7 BP 718 EP 726 DI 10.4014/jmb.0809.534 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 476OV UT WOS:000268452800013 PM 19652521 ER PT J AU Lemay, DG Rijnkels, M German, JB AF Lemay, Danielle G. Rijnkels, Monique German, J. Bruce TI Lessons from the Bovine Genome: Implications for Human Nutrition and Research SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION; MILK; CATTLE C1 [Lemay, Danielle G.; German, J. Bruce] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rijnkels, Monique] USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [German, J. Bruce] Nestle Res Ctr, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland. RP Lemay, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dglemay@ucdavis.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 139 IS 7 BP 1271 EP 1272 DI 10.3945/jn.109.107656 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 462JC UT WOS:000267346900001 PM 19420348 ER PT J AU Paul, L Cattaneo, M D'Angelo, A Sampietro, F Fermo, I Razzari, C Fontana, G Eugene, N Jacques, PF Selhub, J AF Paul, Ligi Cattaneo, Marco D'Angelo, Armando Sampietro, Francesca Fermo, Isabella Razzari, Cristina Fontana, Gessica Eugene, Nindra Jacques, Paul F. Selhub, Jacob TI Telomere Length in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is Associated with Folate Status in Men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MTHFR C677T POLYMORPHISM; FOLIC-ACID DEFICIENCY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SHORTENED TELOMERES; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; MARGINAL FOLATE; MITOTIC CLOCK; STRAND BREAKS; DNA-DAMAGE AB Human chromosomes are capped by telomeres, which consist of tandem repeats of DNA and associated proteins. The length of the telomeres is reduced with increasing cell divisions except when the enzyme telomerase is active, as in stem cells and germ cells. Telomere dysfunction has been associated with development of age-related pathologies, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. DNA damage in the telomeric region causes attrition of telomeres. Because folate provides precursors for nucleotide synthesis and thus affects the integrity of DNA, including that of the telomeric region, folate status has the potential to influence telomere length. Telomere length is epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation, which in turn could be modulated by folate status. In this study, we determined whether folate status and the 677C > T polymorphism of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene are associated with the telomere length of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy men. The results of our study showed that plasma concentration of folate was associated with telomere length of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a nonlinear manner. When plasma folate concentration was above the median, there was a positive relationship between folate and telomere length. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between folate and telomere length when plasma folate concentration was below the median. The MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism was weakly associated (P=0.065) with increased telomere length at below-median folate status. We propose that folate status influences telomere length by affecting DNA integrity and the epigenetic regulation of telomere length through DNA methylation. J. Nutr. 139: 1273-1278, 2009. C1 [Paul, Ligi; Eugene, Nindra; Jacques, Paul F.; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Cattaneo, Marco; Razzari, Cristina; Fontana, Gessica] Univ Milan, Osped San Paolo, Med Clin, I-20142 Milan, Italy. [D'Angelo, Armando; Sampietro, Francesca; Fermo, Isabella] Ist Sci San Raffaele, I-20132 Milan, Italy. RP Paul, L (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ligi.paul_pottenplackel@tufts.edu OI d'angelo, armando/0000-0002-9857-4509; Cattaneo, Marco/0000-0002-7343-4534 FU USDA [2005-35200-15296, 58-1950-7-707, 51520-008-04S] FX Supported by USDA grant no. 2005-35200-15296 and USDA cooperative agreement no. 58-1950-7-707 and 51520-008-04S. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 139 IS 7 BP 1273 EP 1278 DI 10.3945/jn.109.104984 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 462JC UT WOS:000267346900002 PM 19458030 ER PT J AU Noel, SE Newby, PK Ordovas, JM Tucker, KL AF Noel, Sabrina E. Newby, P. K. Ordovas, Jose M. Tucker, Katherine L. TI A Traditional Rice and Beans Pattern Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Puerto Rican Older Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; HISPANIC WHITE ELDERS; DIETARY PATTERNS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLYCEMIC INDEX; CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION; SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AB The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar to 50% for Puerto Rican elders living in Massachusetts. Diet is known to be associated with metabolic syndrome. Little information exists regarding the dietary intakes of Puerto Ricans. We aimed to characterize the dietary patterns of 1167 Puerto Ricans (45-75 y) using principal components analysis and to further examine associations with metabolic syndrome. Factor solutions were examined for robustness using a random split sample. Adjusted means for metabolic syndrome components were calculated for factor quintiles. Logistic regression models examined associations between factors, metabolic syndrome, and its components. Analyses were also performed excluding subjects with diabetes. "Meat and French fries," "traditional," and "sweets" patterns emerged as most meaningful. A meat and French fries pattern was associated with higher blood pressure (systolic P-trend = 0.03 and diastolic < 0.001) and waist circumference (P-trend = 0.04). The traditional pattern was associated with lower HDL concentrations (P-trend = 0.007) and a higher likelihood of metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR): 1.7, 95% Cl: 1.04, 2.7]). The sweets pattern was associated with lower HDL concentrations (P-trend < 0.001) and higher waist circumference P-trend < 0.05). After excluding individuals with diabetes, the sweets pattern was no longer associated with fasting serum glucose and was associated with metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.8, 95% Cl: 1.03, 3.3). Dietary patterns were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome and its components. More research is needed to make appropriate nutritional recommendations for this high-risk population. J. Nutr. 139: 1360-1367, 2009. C1 [Noel, Sabrina E.; Ordovas, Jose M.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Newby, P. K.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH [5P01-AG023394]; USDA [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by NIH 5P01-AG023394 and by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. NR 50 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 139 IS 7 BP 1360 EP 1367 DI 10.3945/jn.109.105874 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 462JC UT WOS:000267346900016 PM 19458029 ER PT J AU Mahler, GJ Shuler, ML Glahn, RP AF Mahler, Gretchen J. Shuler, Michael L. Glahn, Raymond P. TI Characterization of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cocultures in an in vitro digestion/cell culture model used to predict iron bioavailability SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Caco-2; HT29-MTX; Mucin, Mucus layer; Iron bioavailability; In vitro digestion ID MUCUS GEL LAYER; CELLULAR UPTAKE; GASTRIC MUCUS; ASCORBIC-ACID; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT; ADHERENT; MUCIN; THICKNESS; HUMANS AB Cocultures of two human cell lines, Caco-2 and HT29-MTX mucus-producing cells, have been incorporated into an in vitro digestion/cell culture model used to predict iron bioavailability. A range of different foods were subjected to in vitro digestion, and iron bioavailability from digests was assessed with Caco-2, Caco-2 overlaid with porcine mucin, HT29-MTX or cocultures of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX at varying ratios. It was found that increasing the ratio of HT29-MTX cells decreased the amount of ferritin formed and resulted in an overall decline in the ability of the model to detect differences in iron bioavailability. At the physiologically relevant ratios of 90% Caco-2/10% HT29-MTX and 75% Caco-2/25% HT29-MTX, however, a mucus layer completely covered the cell monolayer and the in vitro digestion model was nearly as responsive to changes in sample iron bioavailability as pure Caco-2 cultures. The in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model correlates well with human iron bioavailability studies, but, as mucus appears to play a role in iron absorption, the addition of a physiologically realistic mucus layer and goblet-type cells to this model may give more accurate iron bioavailability predictions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mahler, Gretchen J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Shuler, Michael L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.] ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mahler, GJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM gjm23@comell.edu FU Nanobiotechnology Center (NBTC); National Science Foundation [ECS-9876771]; New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (NYSTAR) FX This work was supported by the Nanobiotechnology Center (NBTC), an STC Program of the National Science Foundation, under Agreement No. ECS-9876771, and the New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (NYSTAR) program through a grant to MLS as a NYSTAR Distinguished Professor. The HT29-MTX cell line was kindly contributed by Dr. Thecla Lesuffleur of INSERM U560 in Lille, France. Technical support was provided by Mary Bodis, Pei Pei Cheng and Zhiqiang Cheng. NR 38 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 20 IS 7 BP 494 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.05.006 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 464KM UT WOS:000267503800002 PM 18715773 ER PT J AU Tsang, TW Kohn, M Chow, CM Singh, MF AF Tsang, Tracey W. Kohn, Michael Chow, Chin Moi Singh, Maria Fiatarone TI A Randomized Controlled Trial of Kung Fu Training for Metabolic Health in Overweight/Obese Adolescents: The "Martial Fitness" Study SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE adolescent; obesity; clinical trial; placebo; exercise; metabolic outcomes ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; OBESE CHILDREN; INFLAMMATORY MARKERS; MUSCULAR STRENGTH; BODY-COMPOSITION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; AEROBIC FITNESS; RISK-FACTORS; WEIGHT-LOSS AB Twenty overweight/obese adolescents underwent six months of Kung Fu or placebo (Tai Chi) training, 3x.wk(-1). Outcomes included fasting insulin and insulin resistance, lipids, glucose and HbA(1c), and C-reactive protein (CRY). CRY decreased significantly (p = 0.03) in both groups over time at six months. Although insulin sensitivity did not change, HbA(1c) tended to decrease over time (p = 0.09), again with no group difference (p = 0.60). Reduced CRP was related to increased upper body strength (p = 0.01). Increased lean body mass was related to reductions in HbA(1c), insulin resistance, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Improvements in lean body mass appear to have a potential role in favorable metabolic outcomes, independent of changes in fat mass. Further research in this area is warranted before definite conclusions can be drawn about the efficacy of martial arts training for metabolic outcomes in this cohort. C1 [Tsang, Tracey W.; Chow, Chin Moi; Singh, Maria Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Hlth & Performance Fac, Res Grp, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Kohn, Michael] Childrens Hosp, Ctr Res Adolescent Hlth, Westmead, NSW, Australia. [Singh, Maria Fiatarone] Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA USA. [Singh, Maria Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tsang, TW (reprint author), Sydney Childrens Hosp, Ctr Childrens Canc & Blood Disorders, Level 1,High St, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. EM Tracey.Tsang@unsw.edu.au RI Tsang, Tracey/J-4399-2012; Chow, Chin Moi/B-2971-2013 OI Tsang, Tracey/0000-0002-3753-5506; Chow, Chin Moi/0000-0001-9916-9882 FU Departments of Adolescent Medicine, Nuclear Medicine, and Pathology at The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Faculty of Health Sciences at The University of Sydney (Cumberland) FX This trial was supported by the Departments of Adolescent Medicine, Nuclear Medicine, and Pathology at The Children's Hospital at Westmead; and funded by The Faculty of Health Sciences at The University of Sydney (Cumberland). This work was performed as part of the requirements for TWT's Ph.D. at The University of Sydney, Australia. The primary author was supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award scholarship, awarded by the Commonwealth Government of Australia, and The University of Sydney, Australia. We thank Dennis Keiser and Keiser Sports Health, Inc. (Fresno, CA, USA) for their donation to the University of the K400 Electronics for muscle function testing. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-018X J9 J PEDIATR ENDOCR MET JI J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 22 IS 7 BP 597 EP 607 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics GA 488WJ UT WOS:000269380700004 ER PT J AU Zoellner, J Powers, A Avis-Williams, A Ndirangu, M Strickland, E Yadrick, K AF Zoellner, Jamie Powers, Alicia Avis-Williams, Amanda Ndirangu, Murugi Strickland, Earline Yadrick, Kathy TI Compliance and Acceptability of Maintaining a 6-Month Pedometer Diary in a Rural, African American Community-Based Walking Intervention SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE pedometry; community-based research; physical activity; health promotion ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS; CULTURAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; WOMEN; RESIDENTS; ACCURACY; VALIDITY; RELIABILITY; EXERCISE; PROGRAM AB Background: Limited research has been done on the compliance and acceptability of maintaining pedometer diaries for an extensive time frame in community-based interventions targeting minority populations. Methods: Community "coaches" led participants in a 6-month community-based walking intervention that included wearing pedometers and maintaining pedometer diaries for the study duration. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA tests were used to evaluate compliance rates for maintaining diaries and daily step counts. After the intervention, focus groups were used to explore opinions regarding pedometers. Audiotapes were transcribed and evaluated using systematic content analysis. Results: The 8 coaches and 75 enrolled walking participants were primarily African American (98%) women (94%). Overall, the group (N = 83) submitted 85% of all possible pedometer diaries and recorded 73% of all possible daily step counts. Walking-group members were significantly (P < .01) more compliant if their coach was also compliant. Identified benefits of wearing pedometers and maintaining diaries outnumbered the barriers. Participants were enthusiastic about wearing the pedometers and indicated that the weekly diaries provided a source of motivation. Conclusions: This research suggests pedometer diaries are a viable intervention tool and research method for community-based physical activity interventions targeting African Americans and highlights the need for social support to promote pedometer diary compliance. C1 [Zoellner, Jamie; Avis-Williams, Amanda; Yadrick, Kathy] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Powers, Alicia] Furman Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. [Ndirangu, Murugi] Georgia State Univ, Div Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Strickland, Earline] ARS, USDA, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Zoellner, J (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 475 EP 482 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 622LD UT WOS:000279664400011 PM 19842462 ER PT J AU Barba, M Hadidi, A AF Barba, M. Hadidi, A. TI RNA SILENCING AND VIROIDS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Gene silencing; TGS; PTGS; viroid pathogenicity; viroid evolution; Citrus exocortis viroid; Potato spindle tuber viroid; Peach latent mosaic viroid; Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; INFECTED TOMATO PLANTS; SHORT-INTERFERING RNAS; GENE; ACCUMULATION; DROSOPHILA; CELLS; PATHOGENICITY; EXPRESSION; SUBSTRATE AB Viroids are autonomously replicating, small single-stranded circular RNA molecules that do not code for proteins and may cause disease in infected, Susceptible plants. Viroids have the ability to induce both RNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in infected plants. Viroid PTGS has also been demonstrated in a wheat germ extract system. A possible role of gene silencing in viroid pathogenicity and evolution has been proposed. C1 [Barba, M.] CRA, Ctr Ric Patol Vegetale, I-00156 Rome, Italy. [Hadidi, A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barba, M (reprint author), CRA, Ctr Ric Patol Vegetale, Via CG Bertero 22, I-00156 Rome, Italy. EM marina.barba@entecra.it FU NATO [SFP 981023] FX We would like to thank Dr. Teruo Sano, Dr. Rosemarie W, Hammond, and Dr. Moshe Barjoseph for reviewing the manuscript. We also thank Dr. Vicki Vance for information on gene silencing in plants. This work was supported by NATO grant SFP 981023. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 91 IS 2 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 470MA UT WOS:000267977600001 ER PT J AU Caesar-TonThat, TC Lartey, RT Solberg-Rodier, LL Caesar, AJ AF Caesar-TonThat, T. C. Lartey, R. T. Solberg-Rodier, L. L. Caesar, A. J. TI EFFECTS OF BASIDIOMYCETE LACCASE ON CERCOSPORIN SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-GENERATING PHOTOSENSITIZERS; SINGLET-OXYGEN; TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; SYNTHETIC DYES; FUNGAL TOXIN; SUGAR-BEET; LEAF-SPOT; BETICOLA; DECOLORIZATION; RESISTANCE AB Cercosporin is a perylenequinone pigment produced by fungi in the genus Cercospora which under light generates reactive oxygen species causing membrane damage and mortality of living cells. Our objectives were to demonstrate that fungal laccase, a lignolytic copper-containing enzyme, can degrade cercosporin and reduce cercosporin toxicity toward living cells. Cercosporin from Cercospora beticola and Cercospora bayi was treated with laccase from basidiomycete fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor) in the dark and under constant light. Under these conditions the absorbance of the cercosporin decreased at 220, 279 and 295-500 nm within 10 min of reaction with laccase from either R ostreatus or T versicolor, indicating that basidiomycete laccase can induce changes in UV-visible spectra of cercosporin. The LIVE/DEAD (R) Bac Light (TM) VIABILITY kit and fluorescent microscopy showed more viable E. coli cells after incubation under light with cercosporin and laccase than with cercosporin alone. Lesions were apparent on sugar beet leaves exposed to cercosporin under light after 48 h, but leaves exposed to cercosporin and laccase showed visibly less damage. These data suggest that laccase from basidiomycete fungi can decrease the toxic effect of cercosporin toward microorganisms and plant tissue. C1 [Caesar-TonThat, T. C.; Lartey, R. T.; Solberg-Rodier, L. L.; Caesar, A. J.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar-TonThat, TC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM thecan.caesar@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 91 IS 2 BP 347 EP 355 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 470MA UT WOS:000267977600009 ER PT J AU Davidson, RA Davidson, CF Roa-Espinosa, A AF Davidson, R. A. Davidson, C. F. Roa-Espinosa, A. TI Linear anionic polyacrylamide as an effective post-fire soil treatment: Understanding the chemistry and physical science SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Burn Area Emergency Rehabilitation; erosion; hydrophobic; polyacrylamide (PAM); post-fire soil treatment; revegetation ID RAINFALL CONDITIONS; FURROW EROSION; SEDIMENT YIELD; STEEP SLOPES; INFILTRATION; IRRIGATION; RUNOFF; PAM AB Controlling erosion, reestablishing vegetation, and overcoming the negative effects of hydrophobic soils has long been a challenge following catastrophic wildfire on forested lands and rangelands. A three-year controlled study was recently completed to compare polyacrylamide soil treatment to the traditional cover method using agricultural straw on high severity burned soils of the Red Bull Fire, which burned through the Uinta National Forest near Provo, Utah, in July and August of 2004. Weed five, recycled paper pellets containing polyacrylamide were found to be an effective Burn Area Emergency Rehabilitation treatment option on clay rich soils containing divalent cations (i.e., Ca(2+)) within the soil matrix. This study showed aerial application of the granular polyacrylamide pellets resulted in all even distribution of the polymer-based product On the Soil Surface. Through water activation, a blend of water-soluble linear anionic polyacrylamide copolymers are slowly released, which bind with the soil particles, structurally stabilizing the soil. When compared to agricultural straw, polyacrylamide results show improved revegetation, reduced soil hydrophobicity, and reduced soil erosion. C1 [Davidson, R. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Provo, UT USA. [Davidson, C. F.] Weber State Univ, Dept Chem, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 64 IS 4 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.4.243 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 486AB UT WOS:000269166600006 ER PT J AU Kok, H Papendick, RI Saxton, KE AF Kok, H. Papendick, R. I. Saxton, K. E. TI STEEP: Impact of long-term conservation farming research and education in Pacific Northwest wheatlands SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation adoption; erosion; impact assessment; Pacific Northwest; special research grants ID WEED MANAGEMENT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; TILLAGE; REGION; ECONOMICS; YIELD AB Erosion took a serious toll of prime topsoil from wheat fields in the Pacific Northwest United States since farming began in the 1870s. By the mid-1900s, it had become a serious environmental and economic threat to the region that produces world-record rain-fed grain yields and almost 13% of the US wheat crop. Of significance is that 80% of the nation's specialty soft white wheat is grown here for food grain, of which 90% is exported. To combat the severe erosion, wheat growers, the experiment stations, and the USDA in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington joined forces in 1975 to develop a multidisciplinary program named Solutions to Environmental and Economic Problems (STEEP). For more than 30 years, it has proved itself I national landmark in effective conservation farming research and education. The basic strategy was a systems approach that addressed all facets of farming from planting to harvesting in multi-year rotations. Its primary goal was to reduce soil erosion from the region's 3.3 x 10(6) ha (8.2 x 10(6) ac), consisting of highly productive but considerably steep cropland. Through the successful development and implementation of improved conservation technology and farming systems by the tri-state STEEP effort, regional soil loss rates averaging 45 Mg ha(-1) y(-1) (20 tn ac(-1) yr(-1)) were reduced over the 30 years to a tolerable 11 Mg ha(-1) y(-1) (5 tn ac(-1) yr(-1)) or less. In addition, financial returns to wheat growers using the conservation systems are equal or have increased, and long-term benefits to soil, water, and air quality have improved. A conservative estimate shows that the investment cost of saving soil and improving water quality was less than $0.50 ha(-1) y(-1) ($0.20 ac(-1) yr(-1)) over the life of STEEP Though STEEP can boast success, much more is needed to preserve and protect the Northwest environment, natural resources, and productivity to ensure that agriculture is fully sustainable for the future. Ongoing solutions are needed to resolve emerging issues relating to greenhouse gas emissions, carbon storage, energy costs, and other farm inputs that can affect agricultural health. Its proven success provides strong assurance that STEEP can deal with future challenges relating to changes in farm policy, economics, technology, and sociological issues. This paper documents the extent that program goals were achieved and qualitative estimates of return from money invested. C1 [Kok, H.; Papendick, R. I.; Saxton, K. E.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kok, H.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Kok, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 64 IS 4 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.4.253 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 486AB UT WOS:000269166600007 ER PT J AU Truman, CC Shaw, JN Flanagan, DC Reeves, DW Ascough, JC AF Truman, C. C. Shaw, J. N. Flanagan, D. C. Reeves, D. W. Ascough, J. C., II TI Conservation tillage to effectively reduce interrill erodibility of highly-weathered Ultisols SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE best management practices; modeling; runoff; simulated rainfall; soil erosion; WEPP ID SOIL LOSS; SIMULATED RAINFALL; SEDIMENT YIELD; SURFACE RUNOFF; WEPP; INFILTRATION; COTTON; EROSION; INTENSITY; SYSTEMS AB Highly weathered Southeastern soils traditionally cropped under conventional tillage systems are drought-prone and susceptible to runoff and soil loss. We quantified differences in infiltration, runoff, soil loss, and interrill erodibilities (K(i)) for three soils: Compass loamy sand, Decatur silt loam, and Tifton loamy sand managed under conventional- (CT), strip- (ST), and/or no-till (NT) systems with and without a residue cover (rye [Secale cerale L.]) (+C/-C) and with and without paratilling (+P/-P). Duplicate plots (1 m(2) [similar to 10 ft(2)]) on each tillage treatment received simulated rainfill (50 turn h(-1) [2 in hr(-1)] for two hours). Runoff and sediment yields were continuously measured, and K(i) values were Calculated from measured data. The Water Erosion Prediction project (WEPP) model was used to extend experimental data to long-term annual trends. For the Compass soil, NT-C plots increased runoff by as much as 43% and sediment yields by as much as 10-fold compared to NT+C plots. The NT+P+C plots decreased runoff by as much as 70% and sediment yields by 24-fold compared to CT-P-C. For the Decatur soil, NT+P plots decreased runoff by as much as 71% and sediment yields by as much as 2.7-fold compared to NT-P plots. The NT+P+C plots. decreased runoff by as much as 73% and sediment yields by as much as 11.8-fold compared to CT-P-C. For the Tifton sod, ST+P+C plots decreased runoff by as much as 44% and sediment yields by as much as 2.7-fold compared to CT-P-C plots. Calculated K(i) values for the Compass, Decatur, and Tifton soils were 0.37, 0.40, and 0.24, respectively. Residue cover decreased effective interrill erodibilities (K(ieff)) values by 11%, 2-fold, and 2.6-fold for the Decatur, Tifton, and Compass soils, respectively; Paratilling decreased K(ieff) values by 3-fold for the Compass and Decatur soils. The NT and/or ST systems had lower K(ieff) values than K(i). values from corresponding CT-P-C treatments (Compass = 4- to 37-fold; Decatur = 4- t. 13-fold;Tifton = 2-fold). Converting from a CT to a NT or ST system reduced predicted runoff (Compass 1.7-fold; Decatur = 10% to 17%;Tifton = 1.6- to 2.3-fold) and sediment yields (Compass 10- to 12-fold; Decatur = 6- to 33-fold;Tifton = 7.3- to 12.1-fold). The Most benefit of NT or ST, as quantified by the maximum difference in 100-year predicted runoff and sediment yields, was for the Compass (78%) and Tifton (75%) soils for runoff and for the Compass (10.3-fold) and Decatur soils (9.7-fold) for sediment. Conservation tillage systems (NT, ST) Coupled with surface residue cover and/or paratilling are effective in reducing runoff and sediment yields from highly-weathered soils by lowering effective K(i) values. C1 [Truman, C. C.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Shaw, J. N.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Flanagan, D. C.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Reeves, D. W.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. [Ascough, J. C., II] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Truman, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 64 IS 4 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.4.265 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 486AB UT WOS:000269166600008 ER PT J AU Wang, S Johnson, JA Hansen, JD Tang, J AF Wang, S. Johnson, J. A. Hansen, J. D. Tang, J. TI Determining thermotolerance of fifth-instar Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by three different methods SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; Amyelois transitella; Heating block; Quarantine; Thermal mortality ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; THERMAL-DEATH KINETICS; RADIO-FREQUENCY TREATMENTS; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; HOT-WATER IMMERSION; IN-SHELL WALNUTS; INSECT MORTALITY; HEATING RATE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; FLIES DIPTERA AB Thermotolerances of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and navel orange-worm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were determined using two water-immersion methods and one dry-heat method. The two water-immersion methods were: 1) directly immersing screen tubes containing test insects in hot water (direct immersion method) and 2) immersing in hot water solid copper tubes containing insects submerged in tap water (tube immersion method). The dry heating method involved heating insects in computer-controlled heating blocks (heating block system, or HBS). Each test insect was treated at three temperature-time combinations and exposures were adjusted so that each method received the same equivalent accumulated lethal time. In five of the six tests, the HBS provided the lowest mean insect mortality among the three methods, although no statistically significant differences were observed between the direct immersion and the HBS methods. The mean insect mortality obtained with the tube immersion method was significantly higher than that from the direct immersion method and the HBS in four and three of the six temperature-time combinations, respectively. When compared with the two water-immersion methods, the HBS method yielded lower mortality data with less variation at the same mortality level, resulting in more conservative treatment recommendations. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, S.; Tang, J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Hansen, J. D.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jtang@wsu.edu RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 FU USDA-NRI [2005-35503-16223]; USDA-CSREES [2008-34103-19091]; Washington State University IMPACT Center FX This research was supported by grants from USDA-NRI (2005-35503-16223), USDA-CSREES (2008-34103-19091), and Washington State University IMPACT Center. We thank Drs. F. H. Arthur and L. G. Neven for reviewing this manuscript and providing constructive suggestions. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2009.01.001 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 463SW UT WOS:000267453400006 ER PT J AU Stuff, JE Goh, ET Barrera, SL Bondy, ML Forman, MR AF Stuff, Janice E. Goh, Eugenia T. Barrera, Stephanie L. Bondy, Melissa L. Forman, Michele R. TI N-Nitroso Compounds: Assessing Agreement between Food Frequency Questionnaires and 7-Day Food Records SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD BRAIN-TUMORS; RISK-FACTORS; STATISTICAL-METHODS; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; NORTHEAST CHINA; GASTRIC-CANCER; DIET; NITROSAMINES; CONSUMPTION; NUTRIENTS AB Background N-nitroso compounds are recognized as important dietary carcinogens. Accurate assessment of N-nitroso intake is fundamental to advancing research regarding its role with cancer. Previous studies have not used a quantitative database to estimate the intake of these compounds in a US population. Objective To address this gap, a database of N-nitroso values was developed in conjunction with an existing food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In this article we report on the relative validity of the FFQ instrument modified to estimate intake of N-nitroso compounds. Design Intake estimates of 23 N-nitroso compounds from the FFQ were compared with those from 7-day food records in a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2005 through June 2006. Subjects A sample of 98 healthy adult subjects (aged 50.42 +/- 12.84 years) completed an FFQ and then recorded foods and beverages consumed on 7-day food records. Results Crude and energy-adjusted N-nitroso compounds intakes were significantly higher in the FFQ than the 7-day food records (P < 0.001). Spearman correlations for crude and energy-adjusted N-nitroso intakes ranged from 0.004 to 0.48. By tertiles of N-nitiroso compounds, there was moderate agreement (kappa > 0.30) for five compounds. Higher estimates of N-nitroso compounds by FFQ was explained by a greater proportion of subjects who reported eating foods high in N-nitroso compounds on FFQ than reported on 7-day food records. Conclusion The modified FFQ with N-nitroso values is a useful tool for assessing N-nitroso intakes relative to a group, and captures all food items with N-nitroso compounds, including those foods with high concentrations and eaten sporadically. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:1179-1183. C1 [Stuff, Janice E.; Goh, Eugenia T.] USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Barrera, Stephanie L.; Bondy, Melissa L.; Forman, Michele R.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Stuff, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jstuff@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R03 CA103515-01, R03 CA103515, R01 CA070917, R01CA070917] NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 109 IS 7 BP 1179 EP 1183 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2009.04.006 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 468UE UT WOS:000267847400014 PM 19559134 ER PT J AU Carithers, TC Talegawkar, SA Rowser, ML Henry, OR Dubbert, PM Bogle, ML Taylor, HA Tucker, KL AF Carithers, Teresa C. Talegawkar, Sameera A. Rowser, Marjuyua L. Henry, Olivia R. Dubbert, Patricia M. Bogle, Margaret L. Taylor, Herman A., Jr. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Validity and Calibration of Food Frequency Questionnaires Used with African-American Adults in the Jackson Heart Study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY MEASUREMENT ERROR; CAROTENOID CONCENTRATIONS; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; WOMENS HEALTH; VALIDATION; CANCER; ENERGY; COHORT; REPRODUCIBILITY; ASSESSMENTS AB Objective To examine the relative validity of two food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) developed for use in investigating diet and disease relationships within the adult African-American population in the southern United States. Design Cross-sectional analyses of dietary nutrient intake data, comparing four 24-hour dietary recalls with an FFQ developed by the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition. Intervention Research Initiative, and its shorter version adapted for use in the Jackson Heart Study. Subjects A representative subset of participants (n=499, aged 35 to 81 years) from the baseline Jackson Heart Study cohort (N=5,302) was selected for this study. Data collection took place between winter 2000 and spring 2004. Statistical analyses Pearson's correlation coefficients (energy adjusted and de-attenuated) for 26 nutrients estimates from each of the FFQs, comparing them with the mean of four 24-hour dietary recalls. The ability of the FFQs to rank individuals based on nutrient intakes was compared to that of the mean of four 24-hour dietary recalls and attenuation coefficients were also calculated. Results Median nutrient intake estimates tended to be higher on the long and lower on the short FFQ compared to the median for the mean of four 24-hour dietary recalls. Energy adjusted and deattenuated correlations of FFQ intake estimates with recalls ranged from 0.20 for sodium to 0.70 for carbohydrate for the short FFQ and from 0.23 for polyunsaturated fat to 0.75 for dietary fiber and magnesium for the long. Attenuation coefficients for men on average were 0.42 for the short and 0.49 for the long FFQ. For women, these were 0.31 for the short and 0.42 for the long FFQ. Conclusions Both FFQs appear to be reasonably valid for assessment of dietary intake of adult African Americans in the South. The Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative FFQ exhibited higher intake estimates and stronger correlations with recalls than the Jackson Heart Study FFQ for most nutrients analyzed, more so for women than men. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:1184-1193. C1 [Talegawkar, Sameera A.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Dept, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Carithers, Teresa C.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. [Rowser, Marjuyua L.] Alcorn State Univ, Dept Human Sci, Coll Agr & Appl Sci, Alcorn, MS USA. [Taylor, Herman A., Jr.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA. [Dubbert, Patricia M.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Med, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bogle, Margaret L.] USDA ARS, Delta NIRI, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Dept, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01 HC095171, N01-HC-95170, N01-HC-95171, N01-HC-95172] NR 57 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 109 IS 7 BP 1184 EP 1193 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2009.04.005 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 468UE UT WOS:000267847400015 PM 19559135 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP Lee, J Cooke, PH AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Latona, Nicholas P. Lee, Joseph Cooke, Peter H. TI MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF LEATHER LOOSENESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FIBROUS COLLAGEN MATERIAL; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; RESISTANCE; ENERGY AB Looseness is a very troublesome issue regarding the structure of leather as well as the final leather product. It is a great concern to tanners who will go to great lengths to address it by adding different chemicals. However, its fine structure and effects oil the mechanical properties are not fully understood. This Investigation was devoted to gaining a better understanding of looseness based oil microscopic observations of Its fibrous structure and its effects oil mechanical properties such as tensile strength and toughness. Microscopic Studies showed visible gap between the interstitial layer and the corium layer in the loose leather. Moreover, the grain showed a sheet-like structure, whereas in normal leather, the grain layer is tightly packed together and the fiber bundles seem to be Much smaller than the loose leather. Mechanical property Studies showed looseness leads to a decrease In toughness. However, measurements also showed there is little change in tensile strength and elongation. Moreover, viscoelasticity studies showed that loose leather has very similar stress relaxation curves as tight leather. Both leathers demonstrated a rapid decrease in stress for the first few seconds followed by a much slower decay thereafter. The loose leather, nevertheless, has a greater initial stress than the tight leather, indicating a higher stiffness than tight leather. This Study has provided a better understanding of looseness, which will lead to the development of measures to correct this defect such as adding fillers to the leather. C1 [Liu, Cheng-Kung; Latona, Nicholas P.; Lee, Joseph; Cooke, Peter H.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ChengKung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 104 IS 7 BP 230 EP 236 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 471DP UT WOS:000268035500001 ER PT J AU Moser, BR AF Moser, Bryan R. TI Comparative Oxidative Stability of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters by Accelerated Methods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Differential scanning calorimetry; EN 14112; Fatty acid methyl ester; Fatty acid ethyl ester; Induction period; Oxidation; Rancimat ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; METHYL SOYATE BIODIESEL; FUEL PROPERTIES; VEGETABLE-OILS; AUTOXIDATION KINETICS; SOYBEAN OIL; INDEX OSI; DSC; ANTIOXIDANTS; TEMPERATURE AB Several fatty acid alkyl esters were subjected to accelerated methods of oxidation, including EN 14112 (Rancimat method) and pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC). Structural trends elucidated from both methods that improved oxidative stability included decreasing the number of double bonds, introduction of trans as opposed to cis unsaturation, location of unsaturation closer to the ester head group, and elimination of hydroxyl groups. Also noticed with EN 14112 was an improvement in oxidative stability when a larger ester head group was utilized. Methyl esters that contained ten or less carbons in the fatty acid backbone were unacceptable for analysis at 110 A degrees C (EN 14112) due to excessive sample evaporation. With respect to PDSC, a correlation was noticed in which the oxidation onset temperature (OT) of saturated fatty esters increased with decreasing molecular weight (R (2) 0.7328). In the case of the monounsaturates, a very strong inverse correlation was detected between molecular weight and OT (R (2) 0.9988), which was in agreement with EN 14112. Lastly, a strong direct correlation (R (2) 0.8759) was elucidated between OT and oil stability index (OSI, EN 14112, 80 A degrees C). The correlation was not as strong (R (2) 0.5852) between OSI obtained at 110 A degrees C and OT. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 86 IS 7 BP 699 EP 706 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1376-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 461TX UT WOS:000267295900011 ER PT J AU Elfving, DC Auvil, TD Castillo, F Drake, SR Kunzel, H Kupferman, EM Lorenz, B McFerson, JR Reed, AN Sater, C Schmidt, TR Visser, DB AF Elfving, Don C. Auvil, Thomas D. Castillo, Felipe Drake, Stephen R. Kuenzel, Heidi Kupferman, Eugene M. Lorenz, Barbara McFerson, James R. Reed, A. Natan Sater, Chris Schmidt, Tory R. Visser, Dwayne B. TI Effects of Preharvest Applications of Ethephon and 1-MCP to 'Bing' Sweet Cherry on Fruit Removal Force and Fruit Quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID (2-CHLOROETHYL)PHOSPHONIC ACID; GROWTH-REGULATORS; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; ABSCISSION; ETHYLENE; HARVEST; CITRUS; FRESH; SOUR AB Preharvest application of ethephon to 'Bing' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees consistently reduced fruit removal force (FRF) but also reduced fruit flesh firmness at Commercial harvest. Treatment resulted in only minor effects On Soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity. Red color development in fruit skin and flesh was stimulated by ethephon in some seasons. Pedicel color showed little response to ethephon and there were no effects of any treatment on fruit size. Holding sampled fruit for one or two weeks in cold storage typically resulted in fruits with higher firmness, possibly due to dehydration. Ethephon increased gum formation (gummosis) on treated trees in some, but not all, seasons. Applications of 1-MCP to sweet cherry trees within 3 days of ethephon treatment in 2003 counteracted ethephon-induced flesh firmness loss without inhibiting the reduction in FRF, but this response could not be reproduced in the following three years, despite the inclusion of various experimental sprayable formulations of 1-MCP at various concentrations, timings, spray volumes, types of sprayers and use of surfactants or other additives. Ethephon-induced changes in fruit quality may take place via pathways not regulated by 1-MCP binding or, on the other hand, binding of 1-MCP to active sites may be transitory or insufficient to initiate such changes. C1 [Elfving, Don C.; Kupferman, Eugene M.; Sater, Chris; Visser, Dwayne B.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Auvil, Thomas D.; Castillo, Felipe; McFerson, James R.; Schmidt, Tory R.] Washington Tree Fruit Res Commiss, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Drake, Stephen R.] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Reed, A. Natan] AgroFresh, Spring House, PA USA. RP Elfving, DC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 63 IS 3 BP 84 EP 100 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 479UZ UT WOS:000268688100001 ER PT J AU Bassett, MJ Miklas, PN AF Bassett, Mark J. Miklas, Phillip N. TI Blue Pattern Flower in Common Bean Expressed by Interaction of Prp(i)-2 with a New Gene t(bP) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; inheritance; genetic linkage; multiple allelism; epistasis ID SEED-COAT COLOR AB The inheritance of blue pattern flower (BPF) expression was investigated in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The BPF trait was derived from accession line G07262, and the flowers express blue banner petal and white wings with blue veins. Crosses between a BPF stock and three other parents, t p(mic) long micropyle stripe BC3 5-593, t z Fib arcus BC4 5-593, and t Z bip(ana) Fib marginata BC3 5-593, all segregated in F-2 for BPF or white flowers in a 9:7 ratio, respectively. Progeny tests in F-3 from two of the crosses supported the hypothesis that two complementary dominant genes control BPF expression and permitted a genetic linkage estimate of cM = 32.4 +/- 7.91 map units between p(mic) and one of the two genes for BPF. A cross between t z fib virgarcus BC3 5-593 and T Prp(i)-2 V BC2 5-593 demonstrated that t Prp(i)-2 did not express BPF. Two crosses, T Prp(i)-2 VBC2 5-593 t p(mic) BC3 5-593 and 5-593 x a BPF stock, segregated in F-2 for plants expressing BPF in a 3/16 frequency. The combined data demonstrated that a new gene, t(bP) (bp = blue pattern), interacts with Prp(i)-2 to express BPF and that P is linked with Prp(i)-2 by 32 map units. The dominance order at the T locus is T> t(bP) > t. The pedigree source of the t(bP) gene and the heterogeneity of PI 632736 (t p(mic) long micropyle stripe BC3 5-593) are discussed. C1 [Bassett, Mark J.] Univ Florida, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Miklas, Phillip N.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Bassett, MJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mark@righteousindignation.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 134 IS 4 BP 423 EP 427 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WV UT WOS:000279015900004 ER PT J AU Ma, HM Olsen, R Pooler, M Kramer, M AF Ma, Hongmei Olsen, Richard Pooler, Margaret Kramer, Matthew TI Evaluation of Flowering Cherry Species, Hybrids, and Cultivars Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prunus; germplasm; genetic diversity; molecular; plant breeding; ornamental ID PRUNUS-PERSICA L.; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CHLOROPLAST DNA; SWEET CHERRY; SSR MARKERS; PEACH; ORIGIN; BATSCH; PCR AB Flowering cherries belong to the genus Prunus, consisting primarily of species native to Asia. Despite the popularity of ornamental cherry trees in the landscape, most ornamental Prunus planted in the United States are derived from a limited genetic base of Japanese flowering cherry taxa. A diverse collection of ornamental Prunus germplasm is maintained at the U.S. National Arboretum as part of an ongoing flowering cherry improvement program, but the genetic backgrounds of many trees are unclear. We characterized this germplasm using five simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs, including one chloroplast primer pair. These primers generated 140 unique alleles that were used to assess genetic relationships among species, hybrids, and cultivars in this collection. We found that these markers followed expected Mendelian inheritance from parents to progeny in controlled hybridizations. In general, species clustered according to published taxonomic groupings, including a distinct separation of the ornamental cherries (Prunus subgenus Cerasus section Pseudocerasus) from other subgenera. Individual accessions of several taxa did not cluster with other samples of the species, indicating possible misidentification or interspecific combinations. The resulting information will be useful in guiding decisions on breeding methodology and germplasm preservation. C1 [Ma, Hongmei; Olsen, Richard; Pooler, Margaret] USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Kramer, Matthew] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pooler, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM Margaret.Pooler@ars.usda.gov FU J. Frank Schmidt Family Charitable Trust (Boring, OR) FX This research was supported in part by the J. Frank Schmidt Family Charitable Trust (Boring, OR). NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 134 IS 4 BP 435 EP 444 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WV UT WOS:000279015900006 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Richards, CM Henk, AD Reilley, AA Reeves, PA Forsline, PL Aldwinckle, HS AF Volk, Gayle M. Richards, Christopher M. Henk, Adam D. Reilley, Ann A. Reeves, Patrick A. Forsline, Philip L. Aldwinckle, Herb S. TI Capturing the Diversity of Wild Malus orientalis from Georgia, Armenia, Russia, and Turkey SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apple; microsatellite; genetic diversity; core collection ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; CORE COLLECTION; VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; SCAB RESISTANCE; APPLE; SIEVERSII; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS AB Seeds from wild Mains orientalis trees were collected during explorations to Armenia (2001, 2002), Georgia (2004), Turkey (1999), and Russia (1998). Seedling orchards with between eight and 171 individuals from each collection location were established at the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Plant Genetic Resources Unit (PGRU) in Geneva, NY. Genotypic (seven microsatellite markers) and disease resistance data were collected for the 776 M. orientalis trees. The genetic diversity of the 280 individuals from Armenia and Georgia was compared with data previously published for the M. orientalis individuals from Russia and Turkey. A total of 106 alleles were identified in the trees from Georgia and Armenia and the average gene diversity ranged from 0.47 to 0.85 per locus. The genetic differentiation among sampling locations was greater than that found between the two countries. Six individuals from Armenia exhibited resistance to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), and cedar apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae). The allelic richness across all loci in the individuals from Armenia and Georgia was statistically the same as that across all loci in the individuals from Russia and Turkey. A core set of 27 trees was selected to capture 93% of the alleles represented by the entire PGRU collection of 776 M. orientalis trees. This core set representing all four countries was selected based on genotypic data using a modified maximization algorithm. The trees selected for the M. orientalis core collection will be added to the main field collection at the PGRU. C1 [Volk, Gayle M.; Richards, Christopher M.; Henk, Adam D.; Reilley, Ann A.; Reeves, Patrick A.] USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Forsline, Philip L.] USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Aldwinckle, Herb S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013; OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079; Reeves, Patrick/0000-0001-9991-1397 FU ServiceNational Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension [2005-00751] FX Received for publication 3 June 2009. Accepted for publication 12 Aug. 2009. This project was partially supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (grant number 2005-00751). NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 134 IS 4 BP 453 EP 459 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WV UT WOS:000279015900008 ER PT J AU Galli, F Archbold, DD Pomper, KW AF Galli, Federica Archbold, Douglas D. Pomper, Kirk W. TI Pawpaw Fruit Chilling Injury and Antioxidant Protection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE regular atmosphere storage; ethylene; respiration; glutathione; ascorbate; phenolics ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; COLD-STORAGE; SALICYLIC-ACID; TOMATO FRUITS; METABOLISM; ASCORBATE; PLANTS AB Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) fruit stored longer than 4 weeks at 4 degrees C fail to ripen normally and may develop internal discoloration, indicative of chilling injury (CI). To determine if loss of antioxidant protection in the fruit tissue during cold storage could be the cause of these problems, the levels of total, reduced, and oxidized glutathione and ascorbate and the key enzymes glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were studied in fruit at 4 and 72 h after harvest and after 2,4,6, and 8 weeks of 4 degrees C storage. The total phenolic level was also studied due to its potential antioxidant role, and the activity of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) was assayed, as it may contribute to phenolic oxidation and tissue browning. Fruit ethylene production and respiration rates were in typical climacteric patterns during ripening after harvest and after up to 4 weeks of cold storage, increasing from 4 to 72 h after removal from cold storage, though maximum ethylene production declined after 2 weeks of cold storage. However, fruit showed higher respiration rates at 4 versus 72 h of ripening at 6 or 8 weeks of cold storage, opposite to that at earlier storage dates, possible evidence of Cl. Ripening after harvest generally resulted in an increase in total and reduced glutathione, reduced ascorbate, and total phenolics. However, levels of total and reduced glutathione, total ascorbate, and total phenolics declined as storage time progressed. Neither GR nor APX exhibited changes during ripening or trends over the cold storage period. PPO activity increased as the storage period lengthened. Thus, the declining ability of these components of the protective antioxidant systems during the prolonged stress of low temperature storage may be one of the major causes of pawpaw CI limiting it to 4 weeks or less of cold storage. An increase in reactive oxygen species with prolonged storage, coupled with the increase in PPO activity, may have led to greater oxidative damage and been a major cause of the loss of ripening potential and the tissue browning that occurs in fruit stored for more than 4 weeks. C1 [Galli, Federica; Archbold, Douglas D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Pomper, Kirk W.] Kentucky State Univ, Atwood Res Facil, USDA Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Spp, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Archbold, DD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM darchbol@uky.edu FU USDA-NRI [2001-35503-10775] FX Received for publication 19 Feb. 2009. Accepted for publication 29 May 2009. This research was funded by USDA-NRI Grant 2001-35503-10775. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 134 IS 4 BP 466 EP 471 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WV UT WOS:000279015900010 ER PT J AU Knoepp, JD Elliott, KJ Clinton, BD Vose, JM AF Knoepp, Jennifer D. Elliott, Katherine J. Clinton, Barton D. Vose, James M. TI Effects of prescribed fire in mixed oak forests of the southern Appalachians: forest floor, soil, and soil solution nitrogen responses SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fire; forest floor consumption; nitrogen; restoration ID PINE-HARDWOOD STANDS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; HERBACEOUS LAYER; CARBON; POOLS; TRANSFORMATIONS; REGENERATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MOUNTAINS; DYNAMICS AB KNOEPP, J. D., K. J. ELLIOTT, B. D. CLINTON, AND J. M. VOSE (Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763). Effects of prescribed fire in mixed oak forests of the southern Appalachians: forest floor, soil, and soil solution nitrogen responses. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 136: 380-391. 2009-We examined nutrient cycling responses to prescribed fire on three sub-mesic, mixed-oak sites located in the Blue Ridge Physiographic province of the southern Appalachian Mountains: Alarka Laurel Branch (AL), Robin Branch (RB), and Roach Mill Branch (RM). Each study site was located within a sub-watershed that drained a first order stream. Our objective was to quantify the effects of prescribed burning on forest floor mass, nitrogen and carbon pools; and soil and soil water available nitrogen. Each site included a burned. and unburned control area; both burned and control areas were sampled before and after burning. Within each plot, we sampled forest floor mass, carbon and nitrogen, soil and soil solution nitrate (NO(3)-N) and ammonium (NH(4)-N) concentrations before and after the prescribed burns. All prescribed Fires were conducted in the dormant season and were low to moderate intensity. All sites lost a significant amount of forest floor mass due to burning; 82 to 91% of the Oi layer and 26 to 46% of the Oe + Oa layer. Soil NH(4)-N concentrations increased in surface soils (0-5 cm) only, immediately after burning, but return to pre-burn levels by mid-summer. Burning had no measurable effect on soil solution inorganic nitrogen concentrations. Low levels of solution NO(3)-N and NH(4)-N after burning and no change in stream NO(3)-N concentrations indicated that no inorganic nitrogen was lost from these sites. C1 [Knoepp, Jennifer D.; Elliott, Katherine J.; Clinton, Barton D.; Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Elliott, KJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM kelliott@fs.fed.us FU Join Fire Science Program [05-2-1-29]; National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology [DEB-0823293] FX This research was partially funded by the Join Fire Science Program (Project no. 05-2-1-29) and Coweeta Long-term Ecological Research program through National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology DEB-0823293. Special thanks to the Wayah Ranger District, Nantahala National Forest and the Tallulah Ranger District., Chattahoochee National Forest for implementing the prescribed fires. We would also like to thank Patsy Clinton, Chris Sobek, Duane Foster who assisted in sample collection and Dr. Mary Arthur, Dr. Shibo Jose and two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments on the manuscript. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S Department of Agriculture of any product or set-vice. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 24 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 136 IS 3 BP 380 EP 391 DI 10.3159/08-RA-052.1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 508HG UT WOS:000270920500011 ER PT J AU Fuller, HL Harcourt, AH Parks, SA AF Fuller, H. L. Harcourt, A. H. Parks, S. A. TI Does the population density of primate species decline from centre to edge of their geographic ranges? SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogeography; centre-edge gradient; disturbance; primates; spatial analysis ID SPATIAL VARIATION; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITY; RARITY; MACROECOLOGY; DISTURBANCE; ECOLOGY; ORDER AB It has long been suggested that species might exhibit their highest densities at the centre of their geographic range and decline in density towards their range limits. If true, this pattern would have important implications for ecological theory and for conservation management. However, empirical support for this pattern remains equivocal. Furthermore, most research on this topic has emphasized temperate taxa, as is true of much of ecology. Therefore. we here test for a decline in population density from centre to edge of the geographic range of a tropical taxon, primates. In the literature we found data on 30 species and 27 genera from a total of 115 studies with duration of at least 3 mo. Mixed-effects linear models and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests indicated no centre-edge gradient in primate densities. However, densities were significantly lower in more disturbed sites, independent of position in the geographic range. C1 [Harcourt, A. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anthropol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fuller, H. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Parks, S. A.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Harcourt, AH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anthropol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ahharcourt@ucdavis.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1017/S0266467409006063 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 461CR UT WOS:000267242600004 ER PT J AU Brown, JD Stallknecht, DE Berghaus, RD Swayne, DE AF Brown, Justin D. Stallknecht, David E. Berghaus, Roy D. Swayne, David E. TI Infectious and lethal doses of H5N1 highly pathogenic Avian influenza virus for house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and rock pigeons (Columbia livia) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza virus; Columba livia; H5N1; highly pathogenic avian influenza; house sparrows; infectious dose; Passer domesticus; rock pigeons; susceptibility ID HONG-KONG; INFLUENZA-VIRUS-A/CHICKEN/INDONESIA/2003 H5N1; ASIAN LINEAGE; WILD BIRDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DUCKS; PATHOBIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; INOCULATION; GEESE AB Terrestrial wild birds commonly associated with poultry farms have the potential to contribute to the spread of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus within or between poultry facilities or between domesticated and wild bird populations. This potential, however, varies between species and is dependent on several virus and host factors, including habitat utilization, susceptibility, and viral shedding patterns. To provide data oil susceptibility and shedding patterns of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and rock pigeons (Columba livia), 20 birds from each species were inoculated with decreasing concentrations of A/whooper swan/Mongolla/244/05 (H5N1) HPAI virus, and the birds were evaluated for morbidity, mortality, viral shedding, and seroconversion over a 14-day trial. The house sparrows were highly susceptible to the H5N1 HPAI virus as evidenced by low infectious and lethal viral doses. In addition, house sparrows excreted virus via the oropharynx and cloaca for several days prior to the onset of clinical signs. Based oil these results, house sparrows could play a role in the dissemination of H5N1 HPAI virus in poultry. In contrast, pigeons were resistant to the HPAI virus, requiring a high concentration of virus to produce infection or death. When infection did occur, the duration of viral shedding was brief, and viral titers were low. The data suggests that pigeons would contribute little to the transmission and spread of H5N1 HPAI virus in poultry. C1 [Brown, Justin D.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Swayne, David E.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Wildlife Hlth Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jubrown1@uga.edu FU Morris Animal Foundation [D05ZO107]; ARS CRIS [6612-32000-048-00D]; Specific Cooperative Agreement [58-6612-2-0220]; Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study member state and federal agencies FX The authors thank Joan Beck, James Doster, and Kira Moresco for technical assistance; Jay Cumbee and Ben Wilcox for assistance in acquiring house sparrows and pigeons; and Kevin Keel for assistance in preparation of the microscopic images. Funding for this work was provided by the Morris Animal Foundation (D05ZO107), the ARS CRIS project No. 6612-32000-048-00D, the Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6612-2-0220 between the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory and the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, and through the continued sponsorship of Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study member state and federal agencies. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 437 EP 445 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 470EQ UT WOS:000267958200004 PM 19564491 ER PT J AU Loiacono, CM Thomsen, BV Hall, SM Kiupel, M Sutton, D O'Rourke, K Barr, B Anthenill, L Keane, D AF Loiacono, Christie M. Thomsen, Bruce V. Hall, S. Mark Kiupel, Matti Sutton, Diane O'Rourke, Katherine Barr, Bradd Anthenill, Lucy Keane, Delwyn TI Nor98 scrapie identified in the United States SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Histopathology; Nor98; PrP immunolabeling; scrapie; sheep ID ATYPICAL SCRAPIE; PRION PROTEIN; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; PRP GENOTYPES; SHEEP; CONFORMATIONS; PATTERNS; GENETICS; AGENT; BSE AB A distinct strain of scrapie identified in sheep of Norway in 1998 has since been identified in numerous countries throughout Europe. The disease is known as Nor-98 or Nor98-like scrapie, among other names. Distinctions between classic scrapie and Nor98 scrapie are made based on histopathology and immunodiagnostic results. There are also differences in the epidemiology, typical signalment, and likelihood of clinical signs being observed. In addition, sheep that have genotypes associated with resistance to classic scrapie are not spared from Nor98 disease. The various differences between classic and Nor98 scrapie have been consistently reported in the vast majority of cases described across Europe. The current study describes in detail the pathologic changes and diagnostic results of the First 6 cases of Nor98 scrapie disease diagnosed in sheep of the United States. C1 [Loiacono, Christie M.; Thomsen, Bruce V.; Hall, S. Mark] USDA APHIS NVSL, Pathobiol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Kiupel, Matti] Michigan State Univ, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, Anat Pathol Sect, Lansing, MI USA. [Sutton, Diane] Vet Serv, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Programs, USDA, APHIS, Riverdale, MD USA. [O'Rourke, Katherine] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Barr, Bradd; Anthenill, Lucy] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keane, Delwyn] Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Loiacono, CM (reprint author), USDA APHIS NVSL, Pathobiol Lab, 1800 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Christina.M.Loiacono@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 454 EP 463 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 470EQ UT WOS:000267958200006 PM 19564493 ER PT J AU Fulton, RW Blood, KS Panciera, RJ Payton, ME Ridpath, JF Confer, AW Saliki, JT Burge, LT Welsh, RD Johnson, BJ Reek, A AF Fulton, Robert W. Blood, K. Shawn Panciera, Roger J. Payton, Mark E. Ridpath, Julia F. Confer, Anthony W. Saliki, Jeremiah T. Burge, Lurinda T. Welsh, Ronald D. Johnson, Bill J. Reek, Amy TI Lung pathology and infectious agents in fatal feedlot pneumonias and relationship with mortality, disease onset, and treatments SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Cattle; feedlot pneumonias; infectious agents; lung pathology ID VIRAL-DIARRHEA-VIRUS; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY ACCESSIONS; SHIPPING FEVER PNEUMONIA; POSTWEANING CALVES; CATTLE; CORONAVIRUS; 1B; SAMPLES; EXPOSURE AB This study charted 237 fatal cases of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) observed from May 2002 to May 2003 in a single Oklahoma feed yard. Postmortem lung samples were used for agent identification and histopathology. Late in the study, 94 skin samples (ear notches) were tested for Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Bovine respiratory disease morbidity was 14.7%, and the mortality rate of all causes was 1.3%, with more than half (53.8%) attributed to BRD (0.7% total of all causes). The agents isolated were the following: Mannheimia haemolytica (25.0%), Pasteurella multocida (24.5%), Histophilus somni (10.0%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (35.0%), Salmonella spp. (0.5%), and Mycoplasma spp. (71.4%). Viruses recovered by cell culture were BVDV-la noncytopathic (NCP; 2.7%), BVDV-1a cytopathic (CP) vaccine strain (1.8%), BVDV-1b NCP (2.7%), BVDV-2a NCP (3.2%), BVDV-2b CP (0.5%), and Bovine herpesvirus 1 (2.3%). del-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were 4.6% positive for Bovine respiratory syncytial virus and 10.8% positive for Bovine coronavirus. Bovine viral diarrhea virus IHC testing was positive in 5.3% of the animals. The mean values were determined for the treatment data: fatal disease onset (32.65 days), treatment interval (29.15 days), number of antibiotic treatments (2.65), number of different antibiotics (1.89), and day of death (61.81 days). Lesions included the following: 1) duration: acute (21%), subacute (15%), chronic (40.2%), healing (2.8%), normal (18.1%), and autolyzed (2.8%); 2) type of pneumonia: lobar bronchopneumonia (LBP; 27.1%), LBP with pleuritis (49.1%), interstitial pneumonia (5.1%), bronchointerstitial pneumonia (1.4%), septic (0.9%), embolic foci (0.5%), other (2.8%), normal (10.3%), and autolyzed (2.8%); and 3) bronchiolar lesions: bronchiolitis obliterans (39.7%), bronchiolar necrosis (26.6%), bronchiolitis obliterans/bronchiolar necrosis (1.4%), other bronchiolar lesions (6.5%), and bronchiolar lesion negative (25.7%). Statistically significant relationships were present among the agents, lesions, and the animal treatment, disease onset, and mortality data. Clinical illnesses observed in this study were lengthier than those reported 16-20 years ago, based on fatal disease onset, treatment interval, and day of death. C1 [Fulton, Robert W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Saliki, Jeremiah T.; Welsh, Ronald D.; Johnson, Bill J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Payton, Mark E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Blood, K. Shawn] Hitch Enterprises, Guymon, OK USA. [Ridpath, Julia F.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Fulton, RW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Room 250,McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM robert.fulton@okstate.edu FU The Noble Foundation (Ardmore, OK); Oklahoma Agriculture Experiment Station (Oklahoma State University, Still-water, OK) FX This study was funded by a grant from The Noble Foundation (Ardmore, OK) and the Oklahoma Agriculture Experiment Station (Oklahoma State University, Still-water, OK). The technical assistance and expertise of Patricia Federico (USDA, ARS, NADC, Ames, IA) is greatly appreciated. NR 29 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 464 EP 477 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 470EQ UT WOS:000267958200007 PM 19564494 ER PT J AU Piccone, ME Feng, YA Chang, ACY Mosseri, R Lu, Q Kutish, GF Lu, ZQ Burrage, TG Gooch, C Rock, DL Cohen, SN AF Piccone, Maria E. Feng, Yanan Chang, Annie C. Y. Mosseri, Ronen Lu, Quan Kutish, Gerald F. Lu, Zhiqiang Burrage, Thomas G. Gooch, Christina Rock, Daniel L. Cohen, Stanley N. TI Identification of Cellular Genes Affecting the Infectivity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLIOVIRUS REPLICATION COMPLEX; SIGNAL PEPTIDE PEPTIDASE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NEUROTRANSMITTER INACTIVATION; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATASE; SUBCELLULAR-DISTRIBUTION; SOLUBLE NUCLEOTIDASES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) produces one of the most infectious of all livestock diseases, causing extensive economic loss in areas of breakout. Like other viral pathogens, FMDV recruits proteins encoded by host cell genes to accomplish the entry, replication, and release of infectious viral particles. To identify such host-encoded proteins, we employed an antisense RNA strategy and a lentivirus-based library containing approximately 40,000 human expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to randomly inactivate chromosomal genes in a bovine kidney cell line (LF-BK) that is highly susceptible to FMDV infection and then isolated clones that survived multiple rounds of exposure to the virus. Here, we report the identification of ESTs whose expression in antisense orientation limited host cell killing by FMDV and restricted viral propagation. The role of one such EST, that of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6 (NTPDase6; also known as CD39L2), a membrane-associated ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase that previously was not suspected of involvement in the propagation of viral pathogens and which we now show is required for normal synthesis of FMDV RNA and proteins, is described in this report. C1 [Feng, Yanan; Chang, Annie C. Y.; Mosseri, Ronen; Lu, Quan; Cohen, Stanley N.] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cohen, Stanley N.] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Piccone, Maria E.; Kutish, Gerald F.; Lu, Zhiqiang; Burrage, Thomas G.; Gooch, Christina; Rock, Daniel L.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Cohen, SN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Sch Med, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sncohen@stanford.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense FX This work was supported by the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense. We have no financial or other relationships relevant to the research reported. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 83 IS 13 BP 6681 EP 6688 DI 10.1128/JVI.01729-08 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 462LM UT WOS:000267354100035 PM 19369337 ER PT J AU Corn, JL Cumbee, JC Barfoot, R Erickson, GA AF Corn, Joseph L. Cumbee, James C. Barfoot, Rendall Erickson, Gene A. TI PATHOGEN EXPOSURE IN FERAL SWINE POPULATIONS GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH DENSITIES OF TRANSITIONAL SWINE PREMISES AND COMMERCIAL SWINE PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Brucella suis; domestic swine; feral swine; porcine circovirus-2; porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome; pseudorabies; swine influenza ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME PRRS; AUJESZKYS-DISEASE VIRUS; WILD BOAR; INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; HERDS AB surveys for evidence of exposure to pseudorabies virus (PRV), Brucella suis, swine, influenza virus (SIV; human-like H1N1, reassortant type H1N1 H1N2-like H1N1 and H3N2), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV 2), and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) in feral swine (Sus scrofa) were conducted in areas where feral swine were geographically associated with high densities of transitional swine. premises ill South Carolina and high densities of commercial swine production in North Carolina. In South Carolina, 10/50 (20.0%), 7/50 (14.0%), and 29/49 (59.2%) feral swine tested antibody positive for PRV, B. suis, and PCV-2, respectively. Antibodies to PRRSV (0/49) and SIV (0/49) were not detected. In North Carolina, antibodies to PRV and B. suis were not detected ill serum samples from 120 feral swine, however, antibodies to PRRSV (1/120 [0.8%]), PCV-2 (86/120 [71.7%]; these, included 80 Positives Phis six suspects), and SIV (108/119 [90.7%]) were present. The presence of PRV and B. suis in South Carolina may have been due to the introduction of infected feral swine into the area or to if previous association of feral swine with infected transitional swine. Their absence in the North Carolina populations may have been due, to the absence of these disease agents in the feral swine originally introduced into the and the lack of a potential for contact: with infected commercial swine. Feral swine associated with commercial swine in North Carolina may have been exposed to SIV subtypes circulating in commercial swine via airborne spread of SIV from commercial swine facilities. Feral swine seropositive for PCV-2 were prevalent in both states, which may indicate efficient transmission from commercial swine and transitional swine, or that PCV-2 is widespread in feral swine. The low prevalence of animals with antibodies against PRRSV may indicate a less-than-efficient means of transmission from commercial to feral swine. Additional epidemiologic studies are needed to understand the risks and mechanisms of transmission of disease agents among commercial, transitional, and feral swine and the role of feral swine as reservoirs of these disease agents. C1 [Corn, Joseph L.; Cumbee, James C.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Barfoot, Rendall] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Columbia, SC 29223 USA. [Erickson, Gene A.] N Carolina Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Rollins Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Corn, JL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jcorn@uga.edu FU Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture [0591130863CA, 0691130863CA, 0791130863CA, 0596130032CA, 0696130032CA, 0796130032CA]; Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act; Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior [06ERAG0005] FX We gratefully acknowledge them assistance of B. Hamrick, G. Martin, and B. Chandler of SCAWDS and C. Betsill and S. Owen of Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture in the collection of, feral swine for this survey. We also thank the numerous private landowners and Congaree National Park for allowing access to their Properties. Finding for this project was provided through Cooperative Agreements 0591130863CA, 0691130863CA, and 0791130863CA, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Additional funds were provided through sponsorship from the fish and wildlife agencies of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia; through the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917) and Grant Agreement 06ERAG0005, Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior; and through Cooperative Agreements 0596130032CA, 0696130032CA, and 0796130032CA, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 713 EP 721 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 475JS UT WOS:000268355200013 PM 19617481 ER PT J AU Rhyan, JC Aune, K Roffe, T Ewalt, D Hennager, S Gidlewski, T Olsen, S Clarke, R AF Rhyan, Jack C. Aune, Keith Roffe, Thomas Ewalt, Darla Hennager, Steve Gidlewski, Tom Olsen, Steve Clarke, Ryan TI PATHOGENESIS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BRUCELLOSIS IN YELLOWSTONE BISON: SEROLOGIC AND CULTURE RESULTS FROM ADULT FEMALES AND THEIR PROGENY SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bison bison; Bovidae; Brucella abortus; brucellosis; epidemiology; serology; Yellowstone National Park ID NATIONAL-PARK; ABORTUS; INFECTION AB Our objective in this prospective study was to determine the natural course of Brucella abortus; infection in cohorts of seropositive and seronegative, female bison (Bison bison) and their offspring in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) for 5 yr. We collected specimens from 53 adult females and 25 calves at least once and from 45 adults and 22 calves more than once. Annual seroconversion rates (negative to positive) were relatively high (23% for calves and juvenile bison, 6% in the total sample of adult female bison in our study, and 11% in the adult females that began the study as seronegatives). Antibody was not protective against infection, even for calves that passively received antibody from all infected mother's colostrum. Antibody levels staved remarkably constant, with only a slow decline over time. We found only two seroconversions from a weak positive status to negative. Infected bison aborted and shed viable bacteria. Risk of shedding infective Brucella was highest for bison ill the 2 yr following seroconversion from negative to positive. In one bison, we detected shedding for 3 yr following seroconversion. Regardless of serostatus of dams and neonates, most calves were seronegative by 5 mo of age. There was no relationship between the antibody status of the dam and the tendency of a calf to seroconvert to positive during the duration of the study. C1 [Rhyan, Jack C.; Gidlewski, Tom] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Aune, Keith] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Roffe, Thomas] US Dept Interior, Biol Resource Div, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Ewalt, Darla; Hennager, Steve] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Olsen, Steve] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Clarke, Ryan] Western Reg Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Belgrade, MT 59714 USA. RP Rhyan, JC (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jack.c.rhyan@aphis.usda.gov NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 729 EP 739 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 475JS UT WOS:000268355200015 PM 19617483 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Dwyer, JF Morrison, JL Fraser, JD AF Nemeth, Nicole M. Dwyer, James F. Morrison, Joan L. Fraser, James D. TI Prevalence of Antibodies to West Nile Virus and Other Arboviruses among Crested Caracaras (Caracara cheriway) in Florida SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Antibody; Crested Caracara; Caracara cheriway; eastern equine encephalitis virus; seroprevalence; St. Louis encephalitis virus; West Nile virus ID PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; BIRDS; POPULATION; DOMESTICUS; DYNAMICS; VECTORS; RAPTORS AB We documented the antibody prevalence to three arboviruses, St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), and West Nile virus (WNV), in Crested Caracaras (Caracara cheriway; n=80) in Florida from 2007 to 2008. Antibody prevalence to WNV was higher (9%) than for the other viruses. Most seropositive birds were adults (>= 3 yr of age), with 55% of adults testing Positive for antibodies to at least one virus. Adults were significantly more likely to have antibodies to WNV than nonadults (P<0.001). Prevalence of SLEV and EEEV antibodies among Crested Caracaras was 3% for each virus, and three adult caracaras had indistinguishable anti-flavivirus antibodies. The susceptibility of Crested Caracaras to adverse effects of WNV, SLEV, or EEEV infection remains unknown; however, we observed that some free-ranging individuals survived infection and successfully fledged Young. Knowledge of arboviral infection among Florida's Crested Caracara, which is both state and federally threatened, is valuable considering increasing pressure oil this population from rapid and extensive, habitat alterations. C1 [Nemeth, Nicole M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nemeth, Nicole M.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Dwyer, James F.; Morrison, Joan L.; Fraser, James D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Morrison, Joan L.] Trinity Coll, Dept Biol, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 3801 W Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service [401815G060] FX This study was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service grant agreement 401815G060. This is contribution 123 from the MacArthur Agro-Ecology Research Center of Archhold Biological Station. We are grateful to R. Bowen of Colorado State University for providing laboratory space and supplies and for performing EEEV assays and to D. Forrester for providing comments on the manuscrip NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 817 EP 822 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 475JS UT WOS:000268355200026 PM 19617494 ER PT J AU Miller, DL Schrecengost, J Merrill, A Kilgo, J Ray, HS Miller, KV Baldwin, CA AF Miller, Debra Lee Schrecengost, Joshua Merrill, Anita Kilgo, John Ray, H. Scott Miller, Karl V. Baldwin, Charles A. TI Hematology, Parasitology, and Serology of Free-Ranging Coyotes (Canis latrans) from South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; hematology; Parasitology; serology; South Carolina ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL; NEBRASKA; VALUES AB Blood and feces were collected from 34 adult (19 males, 15 females) and seven juvenile (three males, one female, three not reported) free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans) on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (South Carolina, USA). Significant (P<0.05) hematologic differences by sex were noted for red blood cell counts hemoglobin and hematocrit. Biochemical differences by sex occurred only for albumen (P<0.05). Twenty-one adults were antibody positive for at least one of form viruses: canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1; 68%), West Nile, virus (WNV; 60%), Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV; 38%), and Canine distemper virus (CDV; 15%). Of the seven Leptospira serovars tested for, seven (25%) of 28 adults were positive for or more of five serovars: Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Bratislava, and Autumnalis. Three (43%) of seven juveniles had seropositivity for a virus, one each for CDV, CAV-1, and WNV. No juveniles were seropositive for EEEV or any of the seven Leptospira serovars. Blood smears of 12 adults were positive for Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria, but blood smears from all juveniles were negative. Parvovirus was identified by electron microscopy from the feces of one adult. Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris spp., and Isospora spp. were observed in fecal samples. These data may aid in understanding the role of coyotes in disease ecology. C1 [Miller, Debra Lee; Merrill, Anita; Baldwin, Charles A.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost & Invest Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Schrecengost, Joshua; Miller, Karl V.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kilgo, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. [Ray, H. Scott] Forest Serv Savannah River, USDA, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost & Invest Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM millerdl@uga.edu OI Miller, Debra/0000-0002-8544-174X NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 863 EP 869 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 475JS UT WOS:000268355200034 PM 19617502 ER PT J AU Atwood, TC Deliberto, TJ Smith, HJ Stevenson, JS Vercauteren, KC AF Atwood, Todd C. Deliberto, Thomas J. Smith, Holly J. Stevenson, Justin S. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI Spatial Ecology of Raccoons Related to Cattle and Bovine Tuberculosis in Northeastern Michigan SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bovine tuberculosis; disease; Michigan; Mycobacterium bovis; Procyon lotor; raccoon; resource selection; sex-influenced; spatial epidemiology ID BADGERS MELES-MELES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; HABITAT SELECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; DISEASE-CONTROL; PROCYON-LOTOR; HOST-RANGE; MULE DEER; AVAILABILITY; POPULATION AB In 1995, Mycobacterium bovis, the causative bacterium of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), was detected in 5 beef cattle operations in Alcona County, Michigan, USA. In accordance with Federal law, the operations were depopulated to prevent the spread of bTB. Subsequent wildlife surveillance programs identified high prevalence of M. bovis in mesocarnivores, including raccoons (Procyon lotor), which suggested that raccoons may be complicit in vectoring the pathogen among livestock operations. Our goal was to develop an empirical basis for generating hypotheses about the likelihood for raccoons to mediate the transmission of bTB to livestock. We found intersexual differences in scale-dependent resource selection and probability of spatial interaction that, under certain circumstances, may form the foundation for a sex-bias in disease transmission. Spatial dispersion of mixed-forest patches facilitated overlap of adjacent males, whereas female overlap zones included pastures. Within overlap zones, probabilities of interaction for male-male and male-female dyads were greater than for female-female dyads, although we documented an elevated likelihood of spatial interaction between raccoons and livestock around cattle-feeding troughs and water sources, regardless of sex. Partial regressions generated by linear models indicated that distance between nearest-neighbor mixed-forest patches explained most of this observed variation. These results supported our prediction that forest patches juxtaposed with anthropogenic features fostered social tolerance between males and, thus, facilitated spatial interaction and exploitation of anthropogenic features. In raccoons, sex and landscape composition influenced pathogen transmission potential. We suggest that livestock producers locate livestock feeding and watering features away from forest patches to mitigate future outbreaks of bTB in endemic areas. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 647-654; 2009) C1 [Atwood, Todd C.; Deliberto, Thomas J.; Smith, Holly J.; Stevenson, Justin S.; Vercauteren, Kurt C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Atwood, TC (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM todd.c.atwood@aphis.usda.gov NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.2193/2008-215 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 465VR UT WOS:000267617300004 ER PT J AU Pope, TL Block, WM Beier, P AF Pope, Theresa L. Block, William M. Beier, Paul TI Prescribed Fire Effects on Wintering, Bark-Foraging Birds in Northern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; bark-foraging birds; hairy woodpecker; Picoides villosus; prescribed fire; pygmy nuthatch; Sitta carolinensis; Sitta pygmaea; white-breasted nuthatch; winter ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; DECIDUOUS WOODLAND; ECOLOGY; COMMUNITIES; BEHAVIOR; COUNTS AB We examined effects of prescribed fire on 3 wintering, bark-foraging birds, hairy woodpeckers (Picoides villosus), pygmy nuthatches (Sitta pygmaea), and white-breasted nuthatches (S. carolinensis), in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of northern Arizona, USA. During winters of 2004-2006, we compared bird density, foraging behavior, and bark beetle activity among burned treatment and unburned control units. Hairy woodpecker density was 5 times greater in burn units, whereas white-breasted nuthatches and pygmy nuthatches had similar densities between treatments. Compared to available trees, trees used by foraging hairy woodpeckers had 9 times greater odds of having bark beetles in control units and 12 times greater odds in burn units. Tree diameter appeared to be the main factor bark-foraging birds used in selecting winter foraging trees. Our results suggest that forest managers can use prescribed fire treatments without detrimental effects to wintering nuthatches, while providing additional food to hairy woodpeckers. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 695 700; 2009) C1 [Pope, Theresa L.; Block, William M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Beier, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Pope, TL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, 210 Nagle Hall, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tlpope@neo.tamu.edu RI Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013 OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343 NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 695 EP 700 DI 10.2193/2007-537 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 465VR UT WOS:000267617300011 ER PT J AU Pater, LL Grubb, TG Delaney, DK AF Pater, Larry L. Grubb, Teryl G. Delaney, David K. TI Recommendations for Improved Assessment of Noise Impacts on Wildlife SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE acoustics; behavior; dose-response; measurement; noise guidelines; noise impacts; noise metrics; noise standards; response; sound measurement ID MEXICAN SPOTTED OWLS; HEARING SENSITIVITY; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; CORTICOSTERONE AB Research to determine noise impacts on animals benefits from methodology that adequately describes the acoustical stimulus as well as the resulting biological responses. We present acoustical considerations and research techniques that we have found to be useful. These include acoustical definitions and noise measurement techniques that conform to standardized acoustical practice and advice for controlled experimentation to supplement behavioral observation. Specific considerations include characteristics of noise stimulus, selection of noise metrics, use of frequency-weighting algorithms tailored to a specific animal species, selection and placement of noise measurement equipment, and methods for documenting animal responses. We also present arguments for measuring the noise stimulus at the location and time of each response observation. Our purpose is to recommend some baseline terminology, metrics, and techniques prerequisite to effective assessment of noise impacts on terrestrial wildlife whenever and wherever potential conflicts arise. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 788-795; 2009) C1 [Pater, Larry L.; Delaney, David K.] USA, ERDC, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. [Grubb, Teryl G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Pater, LL (reprint author), USA, ERDC, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. EM tgrubb@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 788 EP 795 DI 10.2193/2006-235 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 465VR UT WOS:000267617300022 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, LF AF Ruggiero, Leonard F. TI The Value of Opinion in Science and the Forest Service Research Organization SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest Service Research; National Forest System; opinion; scientific method AB There is confusion about conflicts of interest between sources of funding and the extent to which Forest Service researchers are free to publish their findings. Forest Service Research is an independent entity with no administrative accountability to policy makers up to the office of the Chief of the Forest Service. Congressional mandate ensures that research will be free from the influence of politics that land management necessarily entails. Because politics involves opinions, it is important to note that opinions per se are not scientific and must be appropriately compared with empirical data before they can be considered so. It is the quantitative test of an opinion that renders it scientific, not the opinion itself. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5):811-813; 2009) C1 Forest Serv Res, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Ruggiero, LF (reprint author), Forest Serv Res, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM lruggiero@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station; Forest Service Research and Development branch FX I thank J. Berger, B. Block, J. Copeland, and L. S. Mills for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. I also thank K. McKelvey and S. Ritter for their insights during discussions of relevant topics. I also wish to thank M. Chamberlain for his helpful review of this manuscript. This work was supported by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, a major unit within the Forest Service Research and Development branch. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 811 EP 813 DI 10.2193/2008-382 PG 3 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 465VR UT WOS:000267617300026 ER PT J AU Brown, P Gipson, C AF Brown, Patricia Gipson, Chester TI A word from OLAW and USDA SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, Patricia] NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gipson, Chester] USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 38 IS 7 BP 227 EP 227 DI 10.1038/laban0709-227 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 517KD UT WOS:000271611400010 PM 19543257 ER PT J AU Kirk, TA Zielinski, WJ AF Kirk, Thomas A. Zielinski, William J. TI Developing and testing a landscape habitat suitability model for the American marten (Martes americana) in the Cascades mountains of California SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American marten; Habitat; Landscape pattern; GIS; Martes americana; Modeling; Landscape ecology; Model testing; Track plates; Conservation planning; California ID NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; DISTRIBUTIONS; PREFERENCES; CARNIVORES; FORESTS; PATTERN; USA AB We used field surveys and Geographic Information System data to identify landscape-scale habitat associations of American martens (Martes americana) and to develop a model to predict their occurrence in northeastern California. Systematic surveys using primarily enclosed track plates, with 10-km spacing, were conducted across a 27,700 km(2) area of largely forested, mountain terrain. Martens were detected at 20/184 (10.8%) of the sample units, aggregated in three distinct regions. We investigated habitat selection at multiple scales using circular assessment areas of 3, 20, and 80 km(2). The model for the largest assessment area best fit the data and included the following predictors: amount of reproductive habitat, number of habitat patches and land ownership category. These results support the hypothesis that martens select habitat based upon broad scale landscape conditions and that these conditions vary with ownership. We tested the model using an independent set of data, collected primarily during the winter. Poor fit of the test data in some locations raised concerns that our model, which was developed using data collected during the snow-free season, may not predict winter distribution well. We are investigating possible causes for the seasonal variation and until they can be incorporated our model represents a conservative view of marten habitat suitability based on summer occupancy. During the summer months, which is the reproductive season, martens are predicted to occur largely in relatively undisturbed landscapes where high-elevation, late-successional forests are common. C1 [Kirk, Thomas A.] USDA Forest Serv, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. [Zielinski, William J.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Kirk, TA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 2550 Riverside Dr, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. EM tkirk@fs.fed.us; bzielinski@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; Pacific Southwest Research Station; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region FX Funding was provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region. Special thanks to L. Ollivier and J. Baldwin for statistical advice, J. Werren and B. Hogoboom for GIS work, and B. Howard for database management. Thanks to R. Schlexer and C. Ogan for logistical support. We also thank S. Steinberg, R. Lamberson, J. Dunk, and L. Fox III of Humboldt State University for GIS and statistical advice and M. McKenzie for editorial help. The Lassen, Plumas, Tahoe, Shasta-Trinity and Klamath National Forests provided assistance with field survey logistics, special thanks in this regard to M. Williams, G. Rotta, D. Duncan, and M. Tierney. Thanks also to M. Magnuson, L. Johnson, and NR 56 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 6 BP 759 EP 773 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9349-5 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 473YJ UT WOS:000268248100005 ER PT J AU Wiegner, TN Tubal, RL MacKenzie, RA AF Wiegner, Tracy N. Tubal, Randee L. MacKenzie, Richard A. TI Bioavailability and export of dissolved organic matter from a tropical river during base- and stormflow conditions SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; CARBON; NITROGEN; WATERSHEDS; TRANSPORT; PHOSPHORUS; STREAMS; DON; USA AB Concentrations, bioavailability, and export of dissolved organic matter (DOM), particulate organic matter (POM), and nutrients from the Wailuku River, Hawai'i, U.S.A., were examined under base- and stormflow conditions. During storms, DOM and POM concentrations increased approximately by factors of 2 and 11, respectively, whereas NO(3) concentrations decreased by a third. The organic carbon (OC) pool was dominated by dissolved OC (DOC) during baseflow conditions, whereas DOC and particulate OC contributed equally during storms. The nitrogen (N) pool was dominated by NO(3) during baseflow conditions and by particulate organic N (PON) during storms. Dissolved organic N (DON) comprised a similar percentage of the N pool under base- and stormflow conditions. DOC and DON bioavailability both decreased by half during storms in the Wailuku River. Differences in DOM concentrations and bioavailability between base- and stormflow conditions suggest that DOM flowpaths to the river changed from deep to shallow, and that DOM sources switched from autochthonous to allochthonous. Although DOM bioavailability decreased during storms, calculations suggest that storms contributed > 90% to the annual OC and N yields and > 80% to the bioavailable DOM yield from the Wailuku River to coastal waters. Overall, our results suggest that storms are important for delivering bioavailable DOM to coastal waters, where they may stimulate primary and secondary production. C1 [Wiegner, Tracy N.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Tubal, Randee L.] Univ Hawaii, Trop Conservat Biol & Environm Sci Program, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [MacKenzie, Richard A.] Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Hilo, HI USA. RP Wiegner, TN (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM wiegner@hawaii.edu FU University of Hawai'i at Hilo (UHH); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program; School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology; NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce [NA050AR4171048]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0237065]; NOAA Minority Serving Institution Environmental Educational Partnership grant FX L. Canale, C. Chong, M. Kipapa, M. Manuel, H. McPhee, L. Mead, D. Nishimoto, G. Sanchez, R. Schneider, L. Shizuma, J. Uecker, and T. van Veen assisted with field work, laboratory analyses, data management, and manuscript preparation, and L. Kaplan, T. Jennerjahn, and one anonymous reviewer kindly provided thoughtful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Hawai'i State Department of Land and Natural Resources, D. Nishioka, D. Rose, and J. Stevenson kindly provided access to the Wailuku River through their property. This research was funded by University of Hawai'i at Hilo (UHH) seed funds, a grant and cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Project RIEL-38, which is sponsored by the University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, under Institutional Grant NA050AR4171048 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce; the National Science Foundation (NSF), under NSF awards 0237065 and UHH Research Experience for Undergraduates and Research Experience for Teachers; and a NOAA Minority Serving Institution Environmental Educational Partnership grant. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 40 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1233 EP 1242 DI 10.4319/lo.2009.54.4.1233 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 474ZZ UT WOS:000268325100017 ER PT J AU Vandalen, KK Shriner, SA Sullivan, HJ Root, JJ Franklin, AB AF Vandalen, Kaci K. Shriner, Susan A. Sullivan, Heather J. Root, J. Jeffrey Franklin, Alan B. TI Monitoring exposure to avian influenza viruses in wild mammals SO MAMMAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE avian influenza viruses; disease ecology; laboratory protocols; seroprevalence; virus transmission; wild mammals ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; A H5N1 VIRUS; RADIAL HEMOLYSIS ASSAY; HORSE ERYTHROCYTES; CONTACT INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN SERA; ANTIBODIES; MINK; TRANSMISSION AB Avian influenza (AI) viruses primarily circulate in wild waterfowl populations and are occasionally transmitted to domestic poultry flocks. However, the possible roles of other wildlife species, such as wild mammals, in AI virus ecology have not been adequately addressed. Due to their habitat and behaviour, many wild mammals may be capable of transmitting pathogens among wild and domestic populations. Exposure to AI viruses has been reported in an array of wild and domestic animals. The presence of wild mammals on farms has been identified as a risk factor for at least one poultry AI outbreak in North America. These reports suggest the need for seroprevalence studies examining the exposure of wild mammals to AI viruses. Serological tests are routinely used to assess domestic poultry, domestic swine and human exposure to influenza A viruses, but these tests have not been validated for use in wild mammals. As such, some of these protocols may require adjustments or may be inappropriate for use in serology testing of wild mammals. Herein, we review these serological techniques and evaluate their potential usefulness in AI surveillance of wild mammals. We call for care to be taken when applying serological tests outside their original area of validation, and for continued assay verification for multiple species and virus strains. C1 [Vandalen, Kaci K.; Shriner, Susan A.; Sullivan, Heather J.; Root, J. Jeffrey; Franklin, Alan B.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Vandalen, KK (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Kaci.vandalen@aphis.usda.gov OI Shriner, Susan/0000-0003-0349-7182 NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-1838 J9 MAMMAL REV JI Mammal Rev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2009.00144.x PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 498YC UT WOS:000270181000002 ER PT J AU Burrage, TG Hilton, KR Kramer, EJ Arzt, J Barrera, J Shutta, C Grubman, MJ Brough, D Clavijo, A Brake, DA Neilan, J AF Burrage, Thomas G. Hilton, Kelsey R. Kramer, Edward J. Arzt, Jonathan Barrera, Jose Shutta, Chris Grubman, Marvin J. Brough, Doug Clavijo, Alfonso Brake, David A. Neilan, John TI Intracellular Localization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Transgene Expression in vivo and in vitro After Infection with Adenovirus Vaccine Constructs SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kramer, Edward J.; Arzt, Jonathan; Grubman, Marvin J.] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Brough, Doug] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Clavijo, Alfonso] Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Hilton, Kelsey R.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 954 EP 955 DI 10.1017/S1431927609092769 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100471 ER PT J AU Trasino, SE Kim, YS Wang, TTY AF Trasino, Steven E. Kim, Young S. Wang, Thomas T. Y. TI Ligand, receptor, and cell type-dependent regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA in prostate cancer epithelial cells SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID LIVER-X-RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; LXR-BETA; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; LIPID-METABOLISM; CHOLESTEROL; ACTIVATION; ANDROGEN; MICE; MACROPHAGES AB Recent evidence suggests that the liver X receptor (LXR) is a potential anticancer target in prostate carcinoma. There is little characterization, however, of which of the two LXR isoforms, LXR alpha or LXR beta, regulates the LXR-responsive genes ATP-binding cassette subfamily members A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) in transformed prostatic epithelial cells. In this study, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to determine whether LXR alpha or LXR beta is involved in regulating ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Treatment of both cell lines with the synthetic LXR ligand T0901317 and oxysterols: 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) and 24(S), 25-epoxycholesterol (24,25EC), resulted in more than a 10-fold increase of ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression. Transfection of LNCaP cells with siRNA against either LXR beta or LXR alpha failed to inhibit T0901317 and 25HC-mediated increase of ABCA1 mRNA. siRNA silencing of LXR beta did, however, inhibit ABCA1 mRNA expression in 24,25EC-treated LNCaP cells. In contrast, LXR beta siRNA inhibited T0901317, 25HC, and 24,25EC induction of ABCA1 mRNA in PC-3 cells and ABCG1 mRNA in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Additional experiments revealed that T0901317 and 25HC induction of ABCA1 mRNA expression was significantly inhibited by the p38 stress kinase antagonist SB202190 and PKA inhibitor H89. Our study is the first to show that LXR beta, but not LXR alpha, is the major regulatory isoform of ABCG1 mRNA expression in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Our study also reveals that ABCA1 gene expression is differentially regulated by synthetic and natural LXR ligands, possibly involving kinase mediated signal transduction. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8 (7):1934-45] C1 [Trasino, Steven E.; Wang, Thomas T. Y.] USDA ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, Young S.] NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Canc Prevent Div, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 307C,Room 132, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tom.wang@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. appropriated funds [1235-51530-052-00]; National Cancer Institute FX U.S. appropriated funds to USDA project number 1235-51530-052-00 (T.T.Y. Wang and S.E. Trasino), and the National Cancer Institute (Y.S. Kim). NR 49 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1934 EP 1945 DI 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0020 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 470UG UT WOS:000268005700022 PM 19531574 ER PT J AU Piaggio, AJ Figueroa, JA Perkins, SL AF Piaggio, Antoinette J. Figueroa, Julia A. Perkins, Susan L. TI Development and characterization of 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from Rafinesque's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus rafinesquii SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Corynorhinus rafinesquii; microsatellite; Rafinesque's big-eared bat AB We developed and characterized 15 microsatellite markers for Rafinesque's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus rafinesquii. In a population from Tennessee, the number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 13 and observed heterozygosities were 0.35 to 0.97 per locus. These loci will provide appropriate variability for estimation of population connectivity, demographic parameters, and genetic diversity for this species of concern. C1 [Piaggio, Antoinette J.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Wildlife Genet Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Perkins, Susan L.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Piaggio, AJ (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Wildlife Genet Lab, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM toni.j.piaggio@aphis.usda.gov OI Perkins, Susan/0000-0002-5400-5662 FU Animal Plant Health Inspection Services Science Fellowship FX We are indebted to Brian Carver, Biology Department, Freed-Hardeman University, and Frances Bennett for collecting samples. A.J.P. is supported by an Animal Plant Health Inspection Services Science Fellowship. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1191 EP 1193 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02625.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 473XM UT WOS:000268245500028 PM 21564872 ER PT J AU He, HQ MacKinnon, KM Genovese, KJ Nerren, JR Swaggerty, CL Nisbet, DJ Kogut, MH AF He, Haiqi MacKinnon, Kathryn M. Genovese, Kenneth J. Nerren, Jessica R. Swaggerty, Christina L. Nisbet, David J. Kogut, Michael H. TI Chicken scavenger receptors and their ligand-induced cellular immune responses SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Scavenger receptor; Nitric oxide; Oxidative burst; Innate immune response; Heterophil; Macrophage; Chicken ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; NF-KAPPA-B; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONOCYTES; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; CLASS-A; CROSS-PRESENTATION; IN-VIVO; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE AB The scavenger receptors (SRs) comprise structurally and functionally divergent groups of cell surface and secreted proteins that play an important role in innate immune defenses. Searching translated chicken genomic databases revealed many proteins homologous to mammalian SRs. SR mediated immune functions (oxidative burst, degranulation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) production, and cytokine expression) were evaluated in chicken heterophils, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and a chicken macrophage cell line (HD11) using various SR class A and B ligands. Results showed that the SR-A ligands, fucoidan, poly(I) and poly(G), but not SR-B ligands, phosphatidylserine and LDL, stimulated dose-dependent NO production in HD11 cells. However, SR-A ligands failed to induce NO in chicken monocytes. Quantitative RT-PCR indicated that SR ligands differentially regulated the gene expression of cytokines and chemokine in HD11 cells with a strong up-regulation of the cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6 and the chemokine MIP-1 beta, but had no effect on IL-4, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IFN-beta. SR-B ligands did not alter expression of these genes. SR-A ligands had no stimulatory effect on functional response in heterophils. However, LDL, a SR-B ligand stimulated oxidative burst in both heterophils and PBMC. Additionally, results indicate that SRs are involved in bacterial binding in macrophages. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [He, Haiqi; MacKinnon, Kathryn M.; Genovese, Kenneth J.; Nerren, Jessica R.; Swaggerty, Christina L.; Nisbet, David J.; Kogut, Michael H.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP He, HQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM haiqi.he@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 11-12 BP 2218 EP 2225 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.04.020 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 466TM UT WOS:000267685700009 PM 19446336 ER PT J AU Bischoff, JF Rehner, SA Humber, RA AF Bischoff, Joseph F. Rehner, Stephen A. Humber, Richard A. TI A multilocus phylogeny of the Metarhizium anisopliae lineage SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Clavicipitaceae; Cordyceps; entomopathogen; green muscardine; Metacordyceps ID SPECIES RECOGNITION; FUNGUS METARHIZIUM; SP-NOV; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; RDNA SEQUENCES; PATHOGEN; NUCLEAR AB Metarhizium anisopliae, the type species of the anamorph entomopathogenic genus Metarhizium, is currently composed of four varieties, including the type variety, and had been demonstrated to be closely related to M. taii, M. pingshaense and M. guizhouense. In this study we evaluate phylogenetic relationships within the M. anisopliae complex, identify monophyletic lineages and clarify the species taxonomy. To this end we have employed a multigene phylogenetic approach using near-complete sequences from nuclear encoded EF-1 alpha, RPB1, RPB2 and beta-tubulin gene regions and evaluated the morphology of these taxa, including ex-type isolates whenever possible. The phylogenetic and in some cases morphological evidence supports the monophyly of nine terminal taxa in the M. anisopliae complex that we recognize as species. We propose to recognize at species rank M. anisopliae, M. guizhouense, M. pingshaense, M. acridum stat. nov., M. lepidiotae stat. nov. and M. majus stat. nov. In addition we describe the new species M. globosum and M. robertsii, resurrect the name M. brunneum and show that M. taii is a later synonym of M. guizhouense. C1 [Rehner, Stephen A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bischoff, Joseph F.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Humber, Richard A.] USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rehner, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Stephen.Rehner@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 177 Z9 190 U1 9 U2 60 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 101 IS 4 BP 512 EP 530 DI 10.3852/07-202 PG 19 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 469QJ UT WOS:000267914600007 PM 19623931 ER PT J AU Minnis, AM Samuels, GJ Chaverri, P AF Minnis, Andrew M. Samuels, Gary J. Chaverri, Priscila TI Three nomenclatural corrections for species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Hypocreaceae; Hypocreales; nomen novum; nomenclature AB Three hypocreoid taxa were found to be illegitimate later homonyms of previously described species. Hence, the replacement names, Hypocrea staminella (a Hypocrea straminea P. Chaverri & Samuels), Trichoderma pseudocandidum (a Trichoderma candidum P. Chaverri & Samuels), and Trichoderma pseudonigrovirens Trichoderma nigrovirens R Chaverri & Samuels), are provided. C1 [Minnis, Andrew M.; Samuels, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chaverri, Priscila] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Minnis, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Rm 304,B011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Drew.Minnis@ars.usda.gov; Gary.Samuels@ars.usda.gov; pchaverr@umd.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 109 BP 245 EP 246 DI 10.5248/109.245 PG 2 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 499GM UT WOS:000270206000032 ER PT J AU Barton, BJ Kirschbaum, CD Bach, CE AF Barton, B. J. Kirschbaum, C. D. Bach, C. E. TI The Impacts of Ant Mounds on Sedge Meadow and Shrub Carr Vegetation in a Prairie Fen SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ant mound vegetation; plant biodiversity; plant cover; plant life form; wetland indicator status ID GRASSLANDS AB An important component of many fens is large mounds created by ants, for nesting purposes. Because these mounds differ in microtopography, hydrology, and soil characteristics from the surrounding fell, they have the potential to strongly influence fell vegetation. This study examined the effects of ant mounds oil plant cover and species composition in two vegetation types within a Michigan prairie fen complex. Vegetation was sampled oil ant mounds and in control plots in sedge meadow and shrub carr vegetation types. Total plant cover was significantly greater oil ant mounds than in control plots in the sedge meadow, hilt significantly lower on ant mounds than in control lots in the shrub carr. plants varied in their response to ant mounds as a function of their wetland indicator status. Both facultative upland and facultative species occurred more frequently oil mounds, whereas obligate wetland species were more common in control plots. There was no significant difference for facultative wetland species. Plant life form also strongly influenced patterns of distribution Oil mounds vs. control plots. with grasses occurring more frequently oil mounds. and forbs and sedges occurring less frequently oil mounds than in control areas. Thus. especially in the sedge meadow. ant mounds provide an important refuge for species more adapted to dry conditions. C1 [Barton, B. J.; Kirschbaum, C. D.; Bach, C. E.] Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. [Barton, B. J.] Michigan Nat Features Inventory, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Kirschbaum, C. D.] US Forest Serv, Pedro, OH 45659 USA. RP Barton, BJ (reprint author), Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. EM bartonb1@michi-gan.gov FU Eastern Michigan University Graduate Research Fund FX This project was funded by a grant from the Eastern Michigan University Graduate Research Fund to CEB. We Would like to acknowledge The Nature Conservancy. Scott Weaver, Kevin MacDonald, Justin Hohn, Michael Farmer, Michelle Portelli, Nora Curiel, and Heather Burgy for their contributions to this project. Brian Hazlett and Kari Jensen Kirschbaum provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Thank You also to the anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.3375/043.029.0308 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 485KL UT WOS:000269119700008 ER PT J AU Mitchell, R Engstrom, T Sharitz, RR De Steven, D Hiers, K Cooper, R Kirkman, LK AF Mitchell, Robert Engstrom, Todd Sharitz, Rebecca R. De Steven, Diane Hiers, Kevin Cooper, Robert Kirkman, L. Katherine TI Old Forests and Endangered Woodpeckers: Old-Growth in the Southern Coastal Plain SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwood forest; cypress-tupelo forest; Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis); longleaf pine forest; old-growth forest; Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) ID PINUS-PALUSTRIS ECOSYSTEMS; STAND STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LANDSCAPE; FIRE; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; WETLANDS AB Southern old-growth forests are small and rare, but critical in their Support of biodiversity. While the remnant old-growth forests contain diversity that is significant regionally and globally. they most likely represent only it portion of the variety that old forests once sustained. High within-habitat diversity and rarity in the landscape magnify the conservation value of these systems. Old-growth stands of two particular communities-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests and floodplain (bottomland/swamp) forests-have emblematic links to two notable bird species of concern, the Red-cockaded (Picoides borealis) and Ivory-billed (Campephilus principalis) Woodpeckers. In addition to conservation importance, southern old forests have social and economic values that are in danger of further impoverishment if these systems are lost to future generations. Summarizing the findings front it recent workshop, we review old-growth Status and values, identify current threats, and describe potential strategies to promote greater long-term conservation of old forests across the South. C1 [Mitchell, Robert; Hiers, Kevin; Kirkman, L. Katherine] Joseph Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA USA. [Engstrom, Todd] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Sharitz, Rebecca R.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [De Steven, Diane] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS USA. [Cooper, Robert] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mitchell, R (reprint author), Joseph Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA USA. EM Robert.mitchell@jonescenter.org FU National Council of Science and Sustainable Forestry; Williams Family Foundation; Greentree Foundation; Robert W. Woodruff Foundation FX Funding for the workshop was provided by the National Council of Science and Sustainable Forestry, with additional support from the Williams Family Foundation, the Greentree Foundation, and the Robert W. Woodruff Foundation. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 44 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.3375/043.029.0309 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 485KL UT WOS:000269119700009 ER PT J AU Panickar, KS Jayakumar, AR Rao, KVR Norenberg, MD AF Panickar, K. S. Jayakumar, A. R. Rao, K. V. Rama Norenberg, M. D. TI Ammonia-induced activation of p53 in cultured astrocytes: Role in cell swelling and glutamate uptake SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Glutamate in the Tripartite Synapse - Functional and Metabolic Relations in Norm and Pathology (Wierzba IV) CY AUG 23-27, 2008 CL Wierzba, POLAND SP Polish Acad Sci DE Ammonia toxicity; Astrocytes; Cell swelling; Glutamate transport; Hepatic encephalopathy; MAP kinase; Mitochondrial permeability transition; NF-kappa B; Oxidative stress; p53 ID NF-KAPPA-B; MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; ACUTE LIVER-FAILURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEPATIC-ENCEPHALOPATHY; RAT ASTROCYTES; BRAIN EDEMA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; UPTAKE INHIBITION AB Cytotoxic brain edema, due principally to astrocyte swelling, is a major neurological complication of the acute form of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (acute liver failure, ALF), a condition likely caused by elevated levels of brain ammonia. Potential mediators of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling include oxidative/nitrosative stress (ONS), the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B), since blockade of these factors reduces the extent of astrocyte swelling. As p53, a tumor suppressor protein and transcription factor, is a downstream target of ONS and MAPKs, we examined its potential role in the mechanism of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling. Astrocytes exposed to NH4Cl (5 MM) showed increased phosphorylation (activation) of p53((Ser392)) at 1 h and such phosphorylation was significantly reduced by inhibitors of MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK and p38-MAPK), antioxidants (vitamin E, catalase, PBN, desferoxamine, MnTBAP), as well as by L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, indicating a key role of oxidative/nitrosative stress and MAPKs in the ammonia-induced activation of p53. Since p53 is known to induce the mPT and to activate NF-kappa B (factors leading to ONS and implicated in ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling), we examined whether inhibition of p53 activation blocked mPT induction, NF-kappa B activation, as well as cell swelling. Pifithrin-alpha (PFT), an inhibitor of p53, blocked these processes. Impairment of astrocytic glutamate uptake is another important feature of HE and hyperammonemia. We therefore examined the potential role of p53 in the ammonia-induced inhibition of glutamate uptake and found that PFT also reversed the ammonia-induced inhibition of glutamate uptake. Our results indicate that a potentially important downstream target of ammonia neurotoxicity is p53, whose activation contributes to astrocyte swelling and glutamate uptake inhibition, processes likely a consequence of ONS derived from the mPT and activation of NF-kappa B. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Panickar, K. S.; Jayakumar, A. R.; Rao, K. V. Rama; Norenberg, M. D.] Dept Pathol, Miami, FL 33125 USA. [Norenberg, M. D.] Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Miami, FL 33125 USA. [Norenberg, M. D.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33125 USA. [Norenberg, M. D.] Univ Miami, Miami VA Med Ctr, Miami, FL 33125 USA. [Panickar, K. S.] USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Norenberg, MD (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol D33, POB 016960, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM mnorenbe@med.miami.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK063311] NR 70 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0197-0186 EI 1872-9754 J9 NEUROCHEM INT JI Neurochem. Int. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 55 IS 1-3 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.12.022 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 448ST UT WOS:000266283000015 PM 19428812 ER PT J AU Li, MHH Robinson, EH Bosworth, BG Oberle, DF Lucas, PA AF Li, Menghe H. Robinson, Edwin H. Bosworth, Brian G. Oberle, Daniel F. Lucas, Penelope A. TI Evaluation of Various Feeding Regimens in a Multiple-Batch Cropping System of Channel Catfish Production SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-PROTEIN CONCENTRATION; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; WATER-QUALITY; EFFICIENCY; PONDS; GAIN AB A 4-year pond Study was conducted to compare net production. feed conversion, processing yield, and body composition of channel catfish lctalurus punctatus that were fed once daily, fed every other day (EOD) to satiation, or fed an amount not exceeding 110 kg.ha(-1).d(-1) in a multiple-batch cropping system. The greatest amount of feed administered was observed for the daily satiation group, followed by the 110-kg.ha(-1).d(-1) group and the EOD group (P <= 0.05). Net production of fish fed daily to satiation did not significantly differ from that of fish fed up to 110 kg.ha(-1).d(-1), but that of fish fed daily (satiation or <= 110 kg/ha) was significantly higher than that of fish fed ECD to satiation. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in fish fed up to 110 kg.ha(-1).d(-1) or EOD to satiation than that of fish fed daily to satiation. Carcass, fillet, and total meat yields did not differ among feeding regimens. Fish fed EOD to satiation had lower fillet fat and higher fillet moisture than fish fed daily to satiation. Feed restriction to no more than 110 kg.ha(-1).d(-1) did not significantly affect fillet composition of channel catfish compared with fish fed daily to satiation. It appears that limiting the feeding rate to 110 kg.ha(-1).d(-1) at a stocking density of 14,930 fish/ha would improve feed efficiency without causing significant reduction in weight gain, net production, or processing yield and would thus increase farm profits. Feeding channel catfish ECD to satiation may be acceptable as a short-term strategy when economic conditions justify it. However, it may not be economical for the long term because of lower production. increased length of the production cycle, and reduced processing yield. C1 [Li, Menghe H.; Robinson, Edwin H.; Oberle, Daniel F.; Lucas, Penelope A.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bosworth, Brian G.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MHH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mli@drec.msstate.edu FU Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) [J-11355]; Mississippi State University [MIS-081111] FX We thank Sandra Philips and Cliff Smith for their assistance with fish processing and proximate analysis. This manuscript is approved for publication as Journal Article J-11355 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University. This Study was supported under MAFES Project MIS-081111. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 71 IS 3 BP 210 EP 215 DI 10.1577/A08-031.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FP UT WOS:000268504400004 ER PT J AU Ludwig, GM Lochmann, SE AF Ludwig, Gerald M. Lochmann, Steve E. TI Tank Culture of Sunshine Bass Fingerlings without Using Rotifers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID MORONE-CHRYSOPS; STRIPED BASS; GROWTH; LARVAE; SURVIVAL; SYSTEM AB A previously reported protocol for culture of larval Sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops X male striped bass M. saxatilis) to fingerling size in tanks involved an initial feeding of rotifers for several days before the larvae were weaned to nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia spp. and prepared feed. Maintaining rotifer cultures requires space, time, equipment, supplies, and trained culturists. The rotifer cultures are often unstable, which increases risk of poor sunshine bass fingerling production in tanks. Elimination of the use of rotifers would greatly enhance the feasibility of reliable tank culture of fingerlings and should reduce production cost. This experiment compared three treatments with three replicates per treatment. In one treatment, larvae were initially fed rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and then were weaned to brine shrimp nauplii (0.48 x 0.19 mm). In a second treatment. larvae were fed brine shrimp nauplii throughout the experiment. In a third treatment, larvae were fed microcyst brine shrimp nauplii (0.43 x 0.18 mm) for the entire experiment. At 4 d posthatch (dph), sunshine bass larvae were stocked into 100-L tanks at 75 larvae/L. Larvae were fed according to the three treatments to 14 dph. Survival was significantly higher for larvae fed rotifers plus brine shrimp nauplii and for larvae fed microcyst brine shrimp nauplii (93.6% and 37.9%, respectively) than for larvae fed only brine shrimp nauplii (4.3%). Larvae (7.13 mm standard length [SL]) that were fed rotiters plus brine shrimp nauplii and larvae (7.26 mm SL) that were fed microcyst nauplii were significantly longer than those (6.86 mm SL) fed brine shrimp nauplii. This experiment is the first time that sunshine bass have been Cultured to 14 dph on brine shrimp nauplii without rotifers at first feeding. C1 [Ludwig, Gerald M.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Lochmann, Steve E.] Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture & Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Ludwig, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM jerry.ludwig@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 71 IS 3 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1577/A08-108.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FP UT WOS:000268504400006 ER PT J AU Ludwig, GM Lochmann, SE AF Ludwig, Gerald M. Lochmann, Steve E. TI Effect of Temperature on Larval Sunshine Bass Growth and Survival to the Fingerling Stage SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID STRIPED BASS; TANK CULTURE; ROTIFER; RATION AB Determining the optimum conditions for tank Culture of sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops X male striped bass M. saxatilis) fingerlings will facilitate a year-round Supply of seed for the production cycle of this increasingly popular food fish. This study determined the relationship between temperature and larval sunshine bass growth and survival to the time when fish were trained to accept commercial feeds. At 4 d posthatch (dph), larvae were stocked at five temperatures front 20 degrees C to 32 degrees C at 3 degrees C increments. There were two replicates for each temperature. The larvae were fed rotifers through 8 dph. Conversion to a diet of brine shrimp Artemia spp. nauplii began at 6 dph, and training for acceptance of dry starter feed began at 20 dph. At harvest, average total length and average weight of the fish increased in a linear relationship with temperature, while relative survival and number of fish harvested decreased linearly with temperature. Tank yield had a curvilinear relationship with temperature. The temperature that provided maximum yield was 23.1 degrees C. Although growth wits faster at warmer temperatures, relative survival and yield were not. These relationships between tank culture conditions and production characteristics support optimization of tank culture to meet specific production goals. This should eliminate some of the logistical constraints to expanded tank culture of sunshine bass fingerlings. C1 [Ludwig, Gerald M.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Lochmann, Steve E.] Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Ludwig, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM jludwig@classicnet.net FU National Aquaculture Research Center; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We greatly appreciate Matthew McEntire of the Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, who supplied the larvae used in this study. Kelly Goodwin of the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff assisted with the Study by collecting and measuring fish, and Jason Brown of the Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center helped to culture rotifers and brine shrimp and to collect chemical and physical data throughout the study. Bartholomew Green, Philip Pearson, and Peter Perschbacher reviewed drafts of the manuscript. Mention of trade or business names is not an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 71 IS 3 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1577/A08-057.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FP UT WOS:000268504400012 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Radomski, AA Straus, DL Carter, R AF Mitchell, Andrew J. Radomski, Andrew A. Straus, David L. Carter, Ray TI The Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on the Hatch Rate and Saprolegnia spp. Infestation of Channel Catfish Eggs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID EFFICACY AB Fungal infestations of channel catfish lctalurus punctatus eggs can lower hatch rate, which requires the producer to spawn more channel catfish or risk fingerling shortages. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatments (0.0, 15.6, 31.3, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg/L) were evaluated to determine their effect oil channel catfish hatch rate (number of fry/nurnber of eggs x 100) and control of naturally occurring infestations of fungi Saprolegnia spp. in an experimental compartmentalized trough hatching system. Experiments were run at water temperatures of 23.2-24.0 degrees C, dissolved oxygen concentrations of 4.5-6.8 mg/L (53-79% saturation), total alkalinity of 209-217 mg/L, and total hardness of 91-110 mg/L. Treatments were applied to hatching compartments while well water was flowing at a rate of one water exchange every 30 min and egg density was 2.5 g eggs/L of water. Observations for fungal development were made daily, and the maximum measure of fungal growth was recorded. An initial range-finding study demonstrated that H(2)O(2) concentrations greater than 500 mg/L lowered the hatch rate. In later experiments, concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 mg/L applied for 6 d significantly increased the hatch rate and reduced fungal growth when compared with the controls. The 250-mg/L H(2)O(2) treatment had the highest mean hatch rate (64.4% compared with 24.7% for the controls), lowest incidence of fungal infestation (27.3% compared with 100% for the control), and the lowest average fungal growth (an average measure of 0.95 cm compared with 7.23 cm for the controls). C1 [Mitchell, Andrew J.; Radomski, Andrew A.; Straus, David L.; Carter, Ray] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM drew.mitchell@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 71 IS 3 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1577/A08-053.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FP UT WOS:000268504400014 ER PT J AU Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Saporito, LS Buda, AR Bryant, RB AF Kleinman, Peter J. A. Sharpley, Andrew N. Saporito, Lou S. Buda, Anthony R. Bryant, Ray B. TI Application of manure to no-till soils: phosphorus losses by sub-surface and surface pathways SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; Runoff; Leaching; No-till; Dairy manure ID DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; RUNOFF; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND; DRAINAGE; NITROGEN; STRATEGIES AB The acceleration of surface water eutrophication attributed to agricultural runoff has focused attention on manure management in no-till. We evaluated losses of phosphorus (P) in sub-surface and surface flow as a function of dairy manure application to no-till soils in north-central Pennsylvania. Monitoring of a perennial spring over 36 months revealed that dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations increased 3- to 28-fold above background levels whenever manure was broadcast to nearby field soils. A study conducted with 30-cm deep intact soil cores indicated that incorporation of manure by tillage lowered P loss in leachate relative to broadcast application, presumably due to the destruction of preferential flow pathways. More P was leached from a sandy loam than a clay loam soil, although differences between soils were not as great as differences between application methods. In contrast, rainfall simulations on 2-m(2) field runoff plots showed that total P (TP) losses in surface runoff differed significantly by soil but not by application method. Forms of P in surface runoff did change with application method, with DRP accounting for 87 and 24% of TP from broadcast and tilled treatments, respectively. Losses of TP in leachate from manured columns over 7 weeks (0.22-0.38 kg P ha(-1)) were considerably lower than losses in surface runoff from manured plots subjected to a single simulated rainfall event (0.31-2.07 kg TP ha(-1)). Results confirm the near-term benefits of incorporating manure by tillage to protect groundwater quality, but suggest that for surface water quality, avoiding soils prone to runoff is more important. C1 [Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Saporito, Lou S.; Buda, Anthony R.; Bryant, Ray B.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Kleinman, PJA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Peter.Kleinman@ars.usda.gov RI Buda, Anthony/B-4860-2013 FU USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Laboratory FX The authors thank Ms. Sarah Orner for her work in sampling spring water and maintaining field management records. In addition, we thank the staff of the USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Laboratory for their contributions to this study. Rain simulation experiments were conducted by Jenn Logan, Joe Quatrini, Zach Smith and Benjamin Thonus. Soil columns were collected by David Otto and Terry Troutman. Laboratory analyses were conducted by Jaime Davis, Bart Moyer and Joan Weaver. NR 54 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 84 IS 3 BP 215 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s10705-008-9238-3 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 458BX UT WOS:000266988700002 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Beretta, G Krinsky, NI Russell, RM Aldini, G AF Yeum, Kyung-Jin Beretta, Giangiacomo Krinsky, Norman I. Russell, Robert M. Aldini, Giancarlo TI Synergistic interactions of antioxidant nutrients in a biological model system SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant network; Synergistic interaction; Total antioxidant performance ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CAROTENOID RADICAL CATIONS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-C; BETA-CAROTENE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SINGLET OXYGEN; URIC-ACID; PLASMA; OXIDATION AB Objective: The antioxidant activity of fat- and water-soluble antioxidant nutrients and their interactions in physiologic concentrations were determined in an in vitro biological model system. Methods: Reconstituted human serum consisting of delipidized human serum (DHS) combined with phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PCL) was used to determine antioxidant activities of physiologic concentrations of antioxidant nutrients. Radicals were initiated with 2,2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (2 mmol/L), and oxidation was monitored by 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid. Fat-soluble antioxidant nutrients were incorporated into the PCL prepared by sonication and suspended in DHS to avoid any interference by the endogenous fat-soluble antioxidants. Water-soluble antioxidants were added directly into the DHS. The oxidation kinetics were monitored every 5 min up to 2 10 min using a microplate reader (excitation wavelength 500 nm, emission wavelength 520 nm). Results: We confirmed the synergistic protective effect of the combination of ascorbic acid (1-5 mu M) and a-tocopherol (1-5 mu M) against the oxidation of DHS with PCL. Furthermore, physiologic concentrations of 1) beta-carotene (0.1, 0.5 mu M) and alpha-tocopherol (2.5, 5.0 mu M), 2) beta-carotene (0.1, 0.5 mu M) and ascorbic acid (2.5 mu M), and 3) uric acid (10 uM) and a-tocopherol (2.5, 5.0 mu M) synergistically protected oxidation of reconstituted human serum. Conclusion: The present study results suggest a wide antioxidant network between water- and fat-soluble antioxidant nutrients in a biological system, although their actions in vivo warrant further study. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yeum, Kyung-Jin; Krinsky, Norman I.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Beretta, Giangiacomo; Aldini, Giancarlo] Univ Milan, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Milan, Italy. [Krinsky, Norman I.; Russell, Robert M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Russell, Robert M.] NIH, Off Director, Washington, DC USA. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kyungjin.yeum@tufts.edu RI Beretta, Giangiacomo/D-3861-2011; OI aldini, giancarlo/0000-0002-2355-6744; Beretta, Giangiacomo/0000-0003-0987-0857 FU National Eye Institute [R03EY015674]; BioGreen 21 Program [20070301034009]; Rural Development Administration, Korea; U.S. Department of Agriculture [581950-9-001] FX This research was supported in part by grant R03EY015674 from the National Eye Institute, BioGreen 21 Program (Code, 20070301034009), the Rural Development Administration, Korea, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement 581950-9-001. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 25 IS 7-8 BP 839 EP 846 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2009.01.011 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 465II UT WOS:000267576100016 PM 19398299 ER PT J AU Shen, CL Yeh, JK Cao, JJ Wang, JS AF Shen, Chwan-Li Yeh, James K. Cao, Jay J. Wang, Jia-Sheng TI Green tea and bone metabolism SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Tea polyphenols; Antioxidant; Bone mineral density; Osteoporosis; Molecular mechanism; Human; Rat; Cell culture ID NF-KAPPA-B; OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; AGED FEMALE RATS; MINERAL DENSITY; (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN AB Osteoporosis is a major health problem in both elderly women and men. Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between tea consumption and the prevention of age-related bone loss in elderly women and men. Ingestion of green tea and green tea bioactive compounds may be beneficial in mitigating bone loss of this population and decreasing their risk of osteoporotic fractures. This review describes the effect of green tea or its bioactive components on bone health, with an emphasis on (i) the prevalence and etiology of osteoporosis; (ii) the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in osteoporosis; (iii) green tea composition and bioavailability; (iv) the effects of green tea and its active components on osteogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis from human epidemiological, animal, as well as cell culture studies; (v) possible mechanisms explaining the osteoprotective effects of green tea bioactive compounds; (vi) other bioactive components in tea that benefit bone health; and (vii) a summary and future direction of green tea and bone health research and the translational aspects. In general, tea and its bioactive components might decrease the risk of fracture by improving bone mineral density and supporting ostcoblastic activities while suppressing osteoblastic activities. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shen, Chwan-Li] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Yeh, James K.] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Appl Bench Core Lab, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. [Cao, Jay J.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Wang, Jia-Sheng] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30601 USA. RP Shen, CL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. EM leslie.shen@ttuhsc.edu FU National Institutes of Health/National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine [R21AT003735]; Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health; National Institutes of Health/NCI [CA90997] FX The preparation of this review was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine grant R21AT003735, the Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health (C.L.S.), and National Institutes of Health/NCI grant CA90997 (J.S.W.). The authors thank Ryan K. Boettger, Angela Eaton, and Cynthia R. Davidson for their editorial contribution. NR 185 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 29 IS 7 BP 437 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.06.008 PG 20 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 493VG UT WOS:000269765800001 PM 19700031 ER PT J AU Brownawell, AM Harris, WS Hibbeln, JR Klurfeld, DM Newton, I Yates, A AF Brownawell, Amy M. Harris, William S. Hibbeln, Joseph R. Klurfeld, David M. Newton, Ian Yates, Allison TI Assessing the environment for regulatory change for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid nutrition labeling SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular disease (CVD); dietary reference intake (DRI); docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); mood-stabilizing effects ID ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACIDS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LINOLENIC ACID; N-3; DEFICIENCY; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; SECRETION; FISH AB This review examines issues related to the development of a recommended daily allowance or adequate intake, two of the categories of dietary reference intakes, for the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). Although some have suggested a dietary intake of two servings of fatty fish per week or supplement intake of 500 mg/day EPA plus DHA, based on evidence from epidemiologic and clinical studies of cardiovascular benefit from regular fish or fish-oil consumption, supplementation with EPA and/or DHA may also have antidepressant and mood-stabilizing effects. Omega-3 PUFA biology is complex and chronic disease outcomes are sometimes difficult to prove, yet the possibility of benefit for a substantial portion of the population from increased omega-3 PUFA intake is a public health issue that must be addressed responsibly and be based on significant scientific evidence. C1 [Brownawell, Amy M.] Life Sci Res Off, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Harris, William S.] Univ S Dakota, Sch Med, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Hibbeln, Joseph R.] NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA. [Klurfeld, David M.; Yates, Allison] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Newton, Ian] Ceres Consulting, Markham, ON, Canada. RP Brownawell, AM (reprint author), Life Sci Res Off, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM brownawella@lsro.org FU Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3 (GOED) FX The Life Sciences Research Office Workshop held on May, 1 2008, in Bethesda, Maryland, and this manuscript have been supported by funding from the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3 (GOED). Workshop details and speaker presentations can be found at http://www.LSRO.org. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 67 IS 7 BP 391 EP 397 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00212.x PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 463JG UT WOS:000267427600003 PM 19566599 ER PT J AU Bucci, SJ Scholz, FG Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Arce, ME AF Bucci, Sandra J. Scholz, Fabian G. Goldstein, Guillermo Meinzer, Frederick C. Arce, Maria E. TI Soil water availability and rooting depth as determinants of hydraulic architecture of Patagonian woody species SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Arid vegetation; Hydraulic conductivity; Leaf water potential; Root depth; Wood density ID NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA TREES; LEAF FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; TROPICAL FOREST TREES; CAVITATION RESISTANCE; CHAPARRAL SHRUBS; PLANT-RESPONSES; RAINFALL EVENTS; STEPPE; VEGETATION; DENSITY AB Adaptations of species to capture limiting resources is central for understanding structure and function of ecosystems. We studied the water economy of nine woody species differing in rooting depth in a Patagonian shrub steppe from southern Argentina to understand how soil water availability and rooting depth determine their hydraulic architecture. Soil water content and potentials, leaf water potentials (I(Leaf)), hydraulic conductivity, wood density (rho(w)), rooting depth, and specific leaf area (SLA) were measured during two summers. Water potentials in the upper soil layers during a summer drought ranged from -2.3 to -3.6 MPa, increasing to -0.05 MPa below 150 cm. Predawn I(Leaf) was used as a surrogate of weighted mean soil water potential because no statistical differences in I(Leaf) were observed between exposed and covered leaves. Species-specific differences in predawn I(Leaf) were consistent with rooting depths. Predawn I(Leaf) ranged from -4.0 MPa for shallow rooted shrubs to -1.0 MPa for deep-rooted shrubs, suggesting that the roots of the latter have access to abundant moisture, whereas shallow-rooted shrubs are adapted to use water deposited mainly by small rainfall events. Wood density was a good predictor of hydraulic conductivity and SLA. Overall, we found that shallow rooted species had efficient water transport in terms of high specific and leaf specific hydraulic conductivity, low rho(w), high SLA and a low minimum I(Leaf) that exhibited strong seasonal changes, whereas deeply rooted shrubs maintained similar minimum I(Leaf) throughout the year, had stems with high rho(w) and low hydraulic conductivity and leaves with low SLA. These two hydraulic syndromes were the extremes of a continuum with several species occupying different portions of a gradient in hydraulic characteristics. It appears that the marginal cost of having an extensive root system (e.g., high rho(w) and root hydraulic resistance) contributes to low growth rates of the deeply rooted species. C1 [Bucci, Sandra J.; Scholz, Fabian G.; Goldstein, Guillermo] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Bucci, Sandra J.; Scholz, Fabian G.; Arce, Maria E.] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Dept Biol, Fac Ciencias Nat, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Lab Ecol Func, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bucci, SJ (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM sj_bucci@unpata.edu.ar RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 FU La Dora Ranch FX We thank Hector R. Sandin for permission to access the study area at La Dora Ranch and for logistic support. This work complies with Argentinean Law. NR 61 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2009 VL 160 IS 4 BP 631 EP 641 DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1331-z PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 460DA UT WOS:000267165500002 PM 19330355 ER PT J AU Beard, KH Price, EA Pitt, WC AF Beard, Karen H. Price, Emily A. Pitt, William C. TI Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 5. Eleutherodactylus coqui, the Coqui Frog (Anura: Leptodactylidae) SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PUERTO-RICAN FROG; TROPICAL FROG; NEOTROPICAL FROG; FOREST FROGS; ADVERTISEMENT CALLS; POPULATION-DENSITY; PARENTAL CARE; GROWTH-RATES; RAIN-FOREST; HAWAII AB The nocturnal, terrestrial frog Eleutherodactylus coqui known as the Coqui, is endemic to Puerto Rico and was accidentally introduced to Hawai'i via nursery plants in the late 1980s. Over the past two decades E. coqui has spread to the four main Hawaiian Islands, and a major campaign was launched to eliminate and control it. One of the primary reasons this frog has received attention is its loud mating call (85-90 dB at 0.5 m). Many homeowners do not want the frogs on their property, and their presence has influenced housing prices. In addition, IS'. coqui has indirectly impacted the floriculture industry because customers are reticent to purchase products potentially infested with frogs. Eleutherodactylus coqui attains extremely high densities In Hawai'i up to 91,000 frogs ha(-1), and can reproduce year-round, once every 1-2 months, and become reproductive around 8-9 months. Although the Coqui has been hypothesized to potentially compete with native insectivores, the Most Obvious potential ecological impact of the invasion is predation invertebrate populations and disruption of associated ecosystem processes. Multiple forms of control have been attempted in Hawai'i with varying success. The most Successful control available at this time is citric acid. currently, the frog is established throughout the island of Hawai'i but may soon be eliminated on the other Hawaiian Islands via control efforts. Eradication is deemed no longer possible on the island of Hawai'i. C1 [Beard, Karen H.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Price, Emily A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Beard, Karen H.; Price, Emily A.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pitt, William C.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. RP Beard, KH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.beard@usu.edu RI Beard, Karen/B-7177-2011 FU Jack Berryruan Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Hawai'i Invasive Species Council FX Support for this research came from the Jack Berryruan Institute at Utah State University, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Hawai'i Invasive Species Council, and USDA/NWRC/APHIS/Wildlife Services. Manuscript accepted 26 October 2008. NR 105 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 35 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 63 IS 3 BP 297 EP 316 DI 10.2984/049.063.0301 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 462KJ UT WOS:000267351000001 ER PT J AU Santin, M Fayer, R AF Santin, Monica Fayer, Ronald TI A longitudinal study of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in dairy cattle SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; 1ST DETECTION; FECAL SAMPLES; PREVALENCE; MICROSPORIDIA; GENOTYPES; HUMANS; CALVES; SWINE AB Feces from each of 30 Holstein cattle on a Maryland dairy farm were examined at weekly, bimonthly, and then monthly intervals from 1 week to 24 months of age for the presence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. DNA was extracted from spores cleaned of fecal debris, and a two-step nested PCR protocol was used to amplify a fragment of the internal transcriber spacer region of the rRNA gene. All PCR-positive specimens were sequenced to determine the genotype of E. bieneusi. The overall prevalence was 24% (239/990) with a lower prevalence in pre-weaned calves (less than 8 weeks of age; 11.7%) and heifers (13-24 months of age) than post-weaned calves (3-12 months of age; 44.4%). Over the course of 24 months, the cumulative prevalence of E. bieneusi was 100% since all 30 calves shed spores at some time during the study. One or more of three genotypes of E. bieneusi, J, I, and BEB4, were detected in all 30 animals. Genotype I was detected in all 30 cattle between 1 week and 22 months of age with some cattle remaining infected as long as 17 months. At 4 months of age, 28 cattle were infected with genotype I. Genotype BEB4 was detected briefly in seven cattle, most between 15 and 20 months of age. Genotype J was detected in eight cattle, all between 16 and 24 months of age. This longitudinal study strongly supports the findings of point prevalence, multiple farm studies in which genotypes J, I, and BEB 4 were found. These genotypes appear to be cattle specific and have not been found in humans or other animals. C1 [Santin, Monica; Fayer, Ronald] ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ronald.fayer@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s00436-009-1374-4 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 448MN UT WOS:000266266800017 PM 19259701 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Wang, XDJ Etzkorn, FA Ben Aziz, O Davidovitch, M Kaczmarek, K Zabrocki, J Strey, A Pryor, N Altstein, M AF Nachman, Ronald J. Wang, Xiaodong J. Etzkorn, Felicia A. Ben Aziz, Orna Davidovitch, Michael Kaczmarek, Krzysztof Zabrocki, Janusz Strey, Allison Pryor, Nan Altstein, Miriam TI Evaluation of a PK/PBAN analog with an (E)-alkene, trans-Pro isostere identifies the Pro orientation for activity in four diverse PK/PBAN bioassays SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Pheromonotropic; Pupariation; Melanization; Myotropic; Peptidomimetic; Neuropeptide; PBAN ID BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; SEX-PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; SARCOPHAGA-BULLATA LARVAE; CUTICULAR MELANIZATION; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; DIAPAUSE HORMONE; PBAN; FAMILY AB The pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PK/PBAN) family plays a multifunctional role in an array of important physiological processes in a variety of insects. An active core analog containing an (E)-alkene, trans-Pro isosteric component was evaluated in four disparate PK/PBAN bioassays in four different insect species. These bioassays include pheromone biosynthesis in the moth Heliothis peltigera, melanization in the larval Spodoptera littoralis, pupariation acceleration in the larval fly Neobellieria bullata, and hindgut contraction in the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. The conformationally constrained analog demonstrated activity equivalent to parent PK/PBAN peptides of equal length in all four PK/PBAN bioassays, and matched and/or approached the activity of peptides of natural length in three of them. In the melanization bioassay, the constrained analog exceeded the efficacy (maximal response) of the natural PBAN1-33 by a factor of 2 (at 1 nmol). The results provide strong evidence for the orientation of Pro and the core conformation adopted by PK/PBAN neuropeptides during interaction with receptors associated with a range of disparate PK/PBAN bioassays. The work further identifies a scaffold with which to design mimetic PK/PBAN analogs as potential leads in the development of environmentally favorable pest management agents capable of disrupting PK/PBAN-regulated systems. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Nachman, Ronald J.; Kaczmarek, Krzysztof; Zabrocki, Janusz; Strey, Allison; Pryor, Nan] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Wang, Xiaodong J.; Etzkorn, Felicia A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ben Aziz, Orna; Davidovitch, Michael; Altstein, Miriam] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Kaczmarek, Krzysztof; Zabrocki, Janusz] Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Organ Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu; vinnie2@agri.gov.il RI Kaczmarek, Krzysztof/H-5741-2012 FU US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) [IS-3356-02]; USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative [0500-32000-001-01R] FX This research was supported by the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) (IS-3356-02) (RJN, MA) and a grant from the USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative (#0500-32000-001-01R) (RJN). NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1254 EP 1259 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.04.017 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 470WD UT WOS:000268012000007 PM 19416747 ER PT J AU Doolittle, J Nelson, F AF Doolittle, James Nelson, Frederick TI Characterising Relict Cryogenic Macrostructures in Mid-Latitude Areas of the USA with Three-Dimensional Ground-Penetrating Radar SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE ground-penetrating radar; 3D GPR; sediment-filled wedges; relict polygonal patterns; periglacial; permafrost; remote sensing ID LATE-PLEISTOCENE PERMAFROST; ICE-WEDGE CASTS; NEW-JERSEY; FEATURES; ALASKA; BARROW AB Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has considerable potential for the detection and identification of sediment-filled wedges and relict polygonal patterns in mid-latitude areas. Relict cryogenic macrostructures have been described previously both within and outside the maximum extent of the Late Wisconsinan glacial border in many regions of the USA. The features were formed under climatic conditions associated with permafrost and periglacial conditions and provide evidence of climate change. In this study, buried relict cryogenic macrostructures were identified with GPR. On some two-dimensional GPR (2D GPR) records, boundaries with the host materials are indistinguishable or blurred resulting in the features being overlooked, misinterpreted and/or imprecisely delineated. Three-dimensional GPR (3D GPR) was able to delineate buried networks of sediment-filled wedges and provided more meaningful information than 2D radar records. When supplemented with adequate ground-truth observations, GPR offers considerable potential for imaging, interpreting and mapping near-surface cryogenic macrostructures in former periglacial environments. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Doolittle, James] USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Nelson, Frederick] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE USA. RP Doolittle, J (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, NSSC, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jim.doolittle@lin.usda.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1045-6740 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1002/ppp.644 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 496HD UT WOS:000269959700002 ER PT J AU Latheef, MA Carlton, JB Kirk, IW Hoffmann, WC AF Latheef, Mohamed A. Carlton, James B. Kirk, Ivan W. Hoffmann, W. Clint TI Aerial electrostatic-charged sprays for deposition and efficacy against sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on cotton SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrostatics; aerial application; sweet potato whitefly; Bemisia tabaci; spray deposition ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; CANOPY; SYSTEM; SIZE AB BACKGROUND: The efficacy of aerial electrostatic-charged sprays was evaluated for spray deposit characteristics and season-long control of sweet potato whitefly (SWF), Bemisia tabaci Genn. biotype B (aka B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring), in an irrigated 24 ha cotton field. Treatments included electrostatic-charged sprays at full and half active ingredient (AI) label rate, uncharged sprays and conventional sprays applied with CP nozzles at full label rate with several different insecticides. RESULTS: Spray droplet size was significantly smaller for electrostatic-charged sprays than for conventional sprays in top- and mid-canopy locations. The seasonal mean numbers of viable eggs and live large nymphs on cotton treated with electrostatic-charged sprays were comparable with those on cotton treated with conventional applications. Lethal concentration (LC(50)) for adults for electrostatic-charged sprays was comparable with that for conventional sprays. CONCLUSION: The amenability of electrostatic-charged sprays to a wide array of pesticides with different chemistries should be a useful tool in combating insect resistance. Results reported here suggest that the potential exists for obtaining increased efficacy against whiteflies using an electrostatic spray charging system, and that additional research will be required to improve charge-to-mass (Q/M) ratio in order to increase deposition of pest control materials to the lower surfaces of cotton leaves where the whiteflies reside. Published 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Latheef, Mohamed A.; Carlton, James B.; Kirk, Ivan W.; Hoffmann, W. Clint] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM clint.hoffmann@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 65 IS 7 BP 744 EP 752 DI 10.1002/ps.1748 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 465WH UT WOS:000267619400004 PM 19291696 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH Liu, SW Zhao, BG Phillips, TW AF Arthur, Frank H. Liu, Siwei Zhao, Baige Phillips, Thomas W. TI Residual efficacy of pyriproxyfen and hydroprene applied to wood, metal and concrete for control of stored-product insects SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pyriproxyfen; hydroprene; IGR; control; treated surfaces; stored-product insects; efficacy ID TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM COLEOPTERA; JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOG; INDIANMEAL MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PSOCID SPECIES PSOCOPTERA; FLOUR BEETLES COLEOPTERA; GROWTH-REGULATORS; DELTAMETHRIN DUST; PYRALIDAE LARVAE; NATURAL ENEMIES; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB BACKGROUND: Pyriproxyfen and hydroprene are insect growth regulators (IGRs) that have been evaluated to control insect pests of field crops, but there are limited reports of efficacy against stored-product insects. A laboratory study was conducted to determine residual efficacy of pyriproxyfen and hydroprene on wood, metal and concrete surfaces. Pyriproxyfen was applied to the surfaces at 1.15 and 2.3 mg active ingredient [AI] m(-2), while hydroprene was applied at the label rate of 19 mg Al m(-2). Late-instar larvae of Tribolium confusum Jacqueline DuVal, T. castaneum (Herbst), Oryzaephilus surinamenis L., Losioderma serricorne (F.) and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) were exposed with a food source on the treated surfaces. Residual testing was conducted at 1, 28 and 56 days post-treatment. RESULTS: Hydroprene was least persistent on concrete and generally most persistent on metal. Pyriproxyfen gave greater residual persistence than hydroprene, and there was no consistent difference in efficacy among the three surfaces. Efficacy varied among the five insect species, but generally P. interpunctella was the most tolerant species to both IGRs. CONCLUSIONS: Pyriproxyfen gave effective residual control of primary stored-product insect species by inhibiting adult emergence of exposed larvae. Results show that pyriproxyfen can be a useful addition for pest management programs in mills, warehouses and food storage facilities. Published (C) 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Arthur, Frank H.] USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Liu, Siwei; Zhao, Baige; Phillips, Thomas W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Phillips, Thomas W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 65 IS 7 BP 791 EP 797 DI 10.1002/ps.1756 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 465WH UT WOS:000267619400010 PM 19360716 ER PT J AU Sims, GK Taylor-Lovell, S Tarr, G Maskel, S AF Sims, Gerald K. Taylor-Lovell, Sarah Tarr, Gabe Maskel, Shawn TI Role of sorption and degradation in the herbicidal function of isoxaflutole SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE isoxaflutole; sorption; soil; degradation; herbicidal activity ID DIKETONITRILE DEGRADATE; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; DESORPTION; MOISTURE AB BACKGROUND: The fate of isoxaflutole (IFT) in soil is closely related to soil sorption. Sorption and transformation of IFT were investigated in laboratory incubations with four soils, and these results were used to interpret greenhouse studies using IFT to control several weed species. RESULTS: Degradation proceeded by previously observed pathways to form diketonitrile (DKN) and benzoic acid (BA) derivatives, as well as traces of unidentified products. Over the course of the incubation, DKN was the dominant active form of the herbicide present in the experimental system, and was thus critical to the soil activity of the herbicide for weed control. CONCLUSION: Control of most weed species appeared to be a function of both sorption and biodegradation of DKN, with greatest weed control being observed in soils in which a significant portion of the DKN that was formed persisted and remained bioavailable over the course of the incubation. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Sims, Gerald K.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Taylor-Lovell, Sarah] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. [Tarr, Gabe; Maskel, Shawn] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sims, GK (reprint author), USDA ARS, S-218 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gksims@uiuc.edu RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008; Lovell, Sarah/H-4478-2013 FU Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture [3611 12220-006-00D] FX This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, project number 3611 12220-006-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 65 IS 7 BP 805 EP 810 DI 10.1002/ps.1758 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 465WH UT WOS:000267619400012 PM 19333913 ER PT J AU Nadler-Hassar, T Shaner, DL Nissen, S Westra, P Rubin, B AF Nadler-Hassar, Talia Shaner, Dale L. Nissen, Scott Westra, Phill Rubin, Baruch TI Are herbicide-resistant crops the answer to controlling Cuscuta? SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cuscuta; dodder; herbicide resistance; transgenic crops; amino acid inhibitors ID CAMPESTRIS; GLUFOSINATE; PARASITES; HOST AB BACKGROUND: Herbicide-resistant crop technology could provide new management strategies for the control of parasitic plants. Three herbicide-resistant oilseed rape (Brassica napus W genotypes were used to examine the response of attached Cuscuta campestris Yuncker to glyphosate, imazamox and glufosinate. Cuscata campestris was allowed to establish on all oilseed rape genotypes before herbicides were applied. RESULTS: Unattached seedlings of C. campestris, C. subinclusa Durand & Hilg. and C. gronovii Willd. were resistant to imazamox and glyphosate and sensitive to glufosinate, indicating that resistance initially discovered in C. campestris is universal to all Cuscuta species. Glufosinate applied to C. campestris attached to glufosinate-resistant oilseed rape had little impact on the parasite, while imazamox completely inhibited C. campestris growth on the imidazolinone-resistant host. The growth of C. campestris on glyphosate-resistant host was initially inhibited by glyphosate, but the parasite recovered and resumed growth within 3-4 weeks. CONCLUSION: The ability of C. campestris to recover was related to the quality of interaction between the host and parasite and to the resistance mechanism of the host. The parasite was less likely to recover when it had low compatibility with the host, indicating that parasite-resistant crops coupled with herbicide resistance could be highly effective in controlling Cuscuta. Published 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nadler-Hassar, Talia; Shaner, Dale L.; Nissen, Scott; Westra, Phill; Rubin, Baruch] Colorado State Univ, Weed Sci Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80527 USA. RP Shaner, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg D,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dale.shaner@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 FU Vaaclia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship [FI-348-2003]; The United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [TA-MOU-01-CA20-006]; US-Israel Cooperative Development Research Program; Bureau for Economic Growth; Agriculture and Trade; US Agency for International Development FX This research was supported in part by Vaaclia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award No. FI-348-2003 from BARD, The United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, and in part by Grant No. TA-MOU-01-CA20-006 funded by the US-Israel Cooperative Development Research Program, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade, US Agency for International Development. The authors thank Frank L Caruso for the supply of Cuscuto gronovii seeds, and Tom Lanini for the supply of Cuscuta subinclusa seeds. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 65 IS 7 BP 811 EP 816 DI 10.1002/ps.1760 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 465WH UT WOS:000267619400013 PM 19373859 ER PT J AU Wee, JL Lakeman, MB Millie, DF Evens, TJ Cattolico, RA AF Wee, J. L. Lakeman, M. B. Millie, D. F. Evens, T. J. Cattolico, R. A. TI NANOPHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY ACROSS THE OLIGOHALINE LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN BASIN ESTUARY: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION UTILIZING psbA SEQUENCES SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wee, J. L.] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Lakeman, M. B.; Cattolico, R. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Millie, D. F.] Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Millie, D. F.] Univ S Florida, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Evens, T. J.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM wee@loyno.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 2009 VL 48 IS 4 MA 402 BP 140 EP 141 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 472JN UT WOS:000268126900403 ER PT J AU Sinigalliano, CD Winshell, J Guerrero, MA Scorzetti, G Fell, JW Eaton, RW Brand, L Rein, KS AF Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Winshell, Jamie Guerrero, Maria A. Scorzetti, Gloria Fell, Jack W. Eaton, Richard W. Brand, Larry Rein, Kathleen S. TI Viable cell sorting of dinoflagellates by multiparametric flow cytometry SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Dinoflagellate; Cell sorting; Flow cytometry ID PHYTOPLANKTON; POPULATIONS; CULTURES; ECOLOGY; ALGAE AB Electronic cell sorting for isolation and culture of dinoflagellates and other marine eukaryotic phytoplankton was compared to the traditional method of manually picking cells using a micropipette. Trauma to cells electronically sorted cells was not a limiting factor, as fragile dinoflagellates, such as Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae), survived electronic cell sorting to yield viable cells. The rate of successful isolation of large-scale (> 4 litres) cultures was higher for manual picking than for electronic cell sorting (2% vs 0.5%, respectively). However, manual picking of cells is more labor intensive and time consuming. Most manually isolated cells required repicking, as the cultures were determined not to be unialgal after a single round of isolation; whereas, no cultures obtained in this study from electronic single-cell sorting required resorting. A broad flow cytometric gating logic was employed to enhance species diversity. The percentages of unique genotypes produced by manual picking or electronic cell sorting were similar (57% vs 54%, respectively), and each approach produced a variety of dinoflagellate or raphidophyte genera. Alternatively, a highly restrictive gating logic was successfully used to target K. brevis from a natural bloom sample. Direct electronic single-cell sorting was more successful than utilizing a pre-enrichment sort followed by electronic single-cell sorting. The appropriate recovery medium may enhance the rate of successful isolations. Seventy percent of isolated cells were recovered in a new medium (RE) reported here, which was optimized for axenic dinoflagellate cultures. The greatest limiting factor to the throughput of electronic cell sorting is the need for manual postsort culture maintenance and assessment of the large number of isolated cells. However, when combined with newly developed automated methods for growth screening, electronic single-cell sorting has the potential to accelerate the discovery of new algal strains. C1 [Winshell, Jamie; Rein, Kathleen S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Guerrero, Maria A.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Scorzetti, Gloria; Fell, Jack W.; Brand, Larry] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Eaton, Richard W.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rein, KS (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM reink@fiu.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES012736, P50 ES012736-05, S11 ES011181] NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 20 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 2009 VL 48 IS 4 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.2216/08-51.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 472JM UT WOS:000268126800003 PM 20305733 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Harnly, JM Upton, R AF Lin, Long-Ze Harnly, James M. Upton, Roy TI Comparison of the Phenolic Component Profiles of Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) and Germander (Teucrium canadense and T. chamaedrys), a Potentially Hepatotoxic Adulterant SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Scutellaria lateriflora; two Teucrium species; flavonoids; phenylethanoids; diterpenoids; LC-MS phenolic component profiles ID NEOCLERODANE DITERPENOIDS; IDENTIFICATION; FLAVONOIDS; GLYCOSIDES; PLANT AB Introduction - Scutellaria lateriflora, commonly known as skullcap, is used as an ingredient in numerous herbal products. Unfortunately, it has occasionally been adulterated with Teucrium canadense or T. chomaedrys, commonly known as germander, which contains potentially hepatotoxic diterpenes. Chromatographic profiles of the phenolic components provide a means of distinguishing between these plants and enhancing public safety. Objective - To develop a chromatographic method for the identification of Scutellaria lateriflora and two Teucrium species and to quantify the latter as adulterants. Methodology - Samples were extracted with aqueous methanol and the extracts were analysed using a standardised LC-DAD-ESI/MS profiling method to obtain their phenolic profiles. Results - Skullcap contained primarily flavonoids, while the major phenolic components of the two Teucrium species were the phenylethanoids, verbascoside and teucrioside. Using the phenylethanoids as markers, it was possible to clearly distinguish between the two genus and to determine 5% Teucrium mixed with Scutellaria using either ultraviolet absorption spectrometry or mass spectrometry in the total ion count mode. Using MS in the selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode, 1% Teucrium could be measured. Conclusions - This study showed that chromatographic profiling was able to identify Scutellaria and Teucrium, separately and when mixed together. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lin, Long-Ze; Harnly, James M.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Upton, Roy] Amer Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Scotts Valley, CA 95067 USA. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, 103000 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 161,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM longze.lin@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture; Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 20 IS 4 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1002/pca.1127 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 463DY UT WOS:000267410500005 PM 19402188 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ Goss, EM Ivors, K Garbelotto, M Martin, FN Prospero, S Hansen, E Bonants, PJM Hamelin, RC Chastagner, G Werres, S Rizzo, DM Abad, G Beales, P Bilodeau, GJ Blomquist, CL Brasier, C Briere, SC Chandelier, A Davidson, JM Denman, S Elliott, M Frankel, SJ Goheen, EM de Gruyter, H Heungens, K James, D Kanaskie, A McWilliams, MG in 't Veld, WM Moralejo, E Osterbauer, NK Palm, ME Parke, JL Sierra, AMP Shamoun, SF Shishkoff, N Tooley, PW Vettraino, AM Webber, J Widmer, TL AF Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Goss, Erica M. Ivors, Kelly Garbelotto, Matteo Martin, Frank N. Prospero, Simone Hansen, Everett Bonants, Peter J. M. Hamelin, Richard C. Chastagner, Gary Werres, Sabine Rizzo, David M. Abad, Gloria Beales, Paul Bilodeau, Guillaume J. Blomquist, Cheryl L. Brasier, Clive Briere, Stephan C. Chandelier, Anne Davidson, Jennifer M. Denman, Sandra Elliott, Marianne Frankel, Susan J. Goheen, Ellen M. de Gruyter, Hans Heungens, Kurt James, Delano Kanaskie, Alan McWilliams, Michael G. in 't Veld, Willem Man Moralejo, Eduardo Osterbauer, Nancy K. Palm, Mary E. Parke, Jennifer L. Perez Sierra, Ana Maria Shamoun, Simon F. Shishkoff, Nina Tooley, Paul W. Maria Vettraino, Anna Webber, Joan Widmer, Timothy L. TI Standardizing the Nomenclature for Clonal Lineages of the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exotic pathogen; forensics; molecular ecology; phylogeography; population genetics ID IN-VITRO; NORTH-AMERICAN; EUROPEAN POPULATIONS; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; CENTRAL MEXICO; TOLUCA VALLEY; UNITED-STATES; INFESTANS; CALIFORNIA AB Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death and ramorum blight, is known to exist as three distinct clonal lineages which can only be distinguished by performing molecular marker-based analyses. However, in the recent literature there exists no consensus on naming of these lineages. Here we propose a system for naming clonal lineages of P. ramorum based on a consensus established by the P. ramorum research community. Clonal lineages are named with a two letter identifier for the continent on which they were first found (e. g., NA = North America; EU = Europe) followed by a number indicating order of appearance. Clonal lineages known to date are designated NA1 (mating type: A2; distribution: North America; environment: forest and nurseries), NA2 (A2; North America; nurseries), and EU1 (predominantly A1, rarely A2; Europe and North America; nurseries and gardens). It is expected that novel lineages or new variants within the existing three clonal lineages could in time emerge. C1 [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.; Goss, Erica M.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Ivors, Kelly] N Carolina State Univ, Mills River, NC 28759 USA. [Garbelotto, Matteo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Martin, Frank N.] USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Prospero, Simone] WSL Swiss Fed Res Inst, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Hansen, Everett] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bonants, Peter J. M.] Wageningen UR, Plant Res Int, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Hamelin, Richard C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. [Chastagner, Gary] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA USA. [Werres, Sabine] Inst Plant Protect Hort & Forests, JKI, Braunschweig, Germany. [Rizzo, David M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Abad, Gloria; Palm, Mary E.] USDA APHIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Beales, Paul] Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Blomquist, Cheryl L.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Briere, Stephan C.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Chandelier, Anne] Walloon Agr Res Ctr CRAW, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [Davidson, Jennifer M.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Frankel, Susan J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Goheen, Ellen M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. [de Gruyter, Hans; in 't Veld, Willem Man] Plant Protect Serv, NL-6700 HC Wageningen, Netherlands. [Heungens, Kurt] Inst Agr & Fisheries Res ILVO, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [James, Delano] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Sidney, BC V8L 1H3, Canada. [Kanaskie, Alan; McWilliams, Michael G.] Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR 97310 USA. [Moralejo, Eduardo] CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados IMEDEA, Esporles 07190, Balearic Isl, Spain. [Osterbauer, Nancy K.] Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR 97310 USA. [Parke, Jennifer L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perez Sierra, Ana Maria] Univ Politecn Valencia, IAM, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Shamoun, Simon F.] Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Shishkoff, Nina; Tooley, Paul W.; Widmer, Timothy L.] USDA ARS FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Maria Vettraino, Anna] Univ Tuscia, Dept Plant Protect, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. [Brasier, Clive; Denman, Sandra; Webber, Joan] Alice Holt Lodge, Forest Res, Farnham GU10 4LH, Surrey, England. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Nik.Grunwald@ars.usda.gov RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Parke, Jennifer/H-8464-2014; Goss, Erica/H-7020-2014 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; NR 39 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2009 VL 99 IS 7 BP 792 EP 795 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-7-0792 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 457XE UT WOS:000266968400001 PM 19522576 ER PT J AU Parks, R Carbone, I Murphy, JP Cowger, C AF Parks, Ryan Carbone, Ignazio Murphy, J. Paul Cowger, Christina TI Population Genetic Analysis of an Eastern US Wheat Powdery Mildew Population Reveals Geographic Subdivision and Recent Common Ancestry with UK and Israeli Populations SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; BLUMERIA-GRAMINIS; DNA-SEQUENCES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; STATISTICAL TESTS; NESTED CLADE; WINTER-WHEAT; SP. TRITICI; FSP HORDEI AB The structure of the U.S. wheat powdery mildew population (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) has not been previously investigated, and the global evolutionary history of B. graminis f. sp. tritici is largely unknown. After gathering 141 single-ascosporic B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates from 10 eastern U.S. locations, 34 isolates from the United Kingdom, and 28 isolates from Israel, we analyzed pathogen population structure using presumptively neutral markers. DNA was extracted from conidia, primers for 12 "housekeeping" genes were designed, and amplicons were examined for polymorphism. Four genes were found to contain a total of 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the U.S. population and were also analyzed in the U.K. and Israeli populations. In total, 25 haplotypes were inferred from the four concatenated genes, with 2 haplotypes comprising over 70% of the U.S. population. Using Hudson's tests and analysis of molecular variance, we found the wheat mildew isolates subdivided into four groups corresponding to distinct regions: the mid-Atlantic United States, the southern United States, the United Kingdom, and Israel. Genotypic diversity was greatest in samples from the United Kingdom, Israel, Virginia, and Kinston, NC. Using rarefaction, a procedure that compensates for differing sample sizes when estimating population richness and diversity, we found that cooler locations with greater conduciveness to regular powdery mildew epidemics had the greatest haplotype richness. Our results suggest that the eastern U.S. B. graminis f. sp. tritici population is young, descended recently from Old World populations with isolation and genetic drift, and is currently subdivided into northern and southern subpopulations. C1 [Parks, Ryan; Cowger, Christina] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Murphy, J. Paul] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Parks, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM wrparks@ncsu.edu FU Microsoft Corporation FX Part of this work was carried out with the resources of the Computational Biology Service Unit from Cornell University, which is partially funded by Microsoft Corporation. We thank R. Bayles and A. Skellern at NIAB and A. Dinoor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem for generously providing mildew cultures; N. Grunwald for assistance in implementing rarefaction methods, using his software; and C. Gatlin, T. Gray, P. Labadie, P. Langdon, M. Munster, and J. Patton Ozkurt for excellent research and technical assistance. NR 94 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2009 VL 99 IS 7 BP 840 EP 849 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-7-0840 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 457XE UT WOS:000266968400007 PM 19522582 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Meinzer, FC Woodruff, DR Mcculloh, KA AF Johnson, Daniel M. Meinzer, Frederick C. Woodruff, David R. Mcculloh, Katherine A. TI Leaf xylem embolism, detected acoustically and by cryo-SEM, corresponds to decreases in leaf hydraulic conductance in four evergreen species SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cavitation; drought stress; transpiration; water potential ID TRANSPIRATION STREAM; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PINE NEEDLES; LEAVES; CAVITATION; CONDUCTIVITY; AQUAPORINS; EMISSIONS; PRESSURE; VULNERABILITY AB Hydraulic conductance of leaves (K(leaf)) typically decreases with increasing water stress. However, the extent to which the decrease in K(leaf) is due to xylem cavitation, conduit deformation or changes in the extra-xylary pathway is unclear. We measured K(leaf) concurrently with ultrasonic acoustic emission (UAE) in dehydrating leaves of two vessel-bearing and two tracheid-bearing species to determine whether declining K(leaf) was associated with an accumulation of cavitation events. In addition, images of leaf internal structure were captured using cryo-scanning electron microscopy, which allowed detection of empty versus full and also deformed conduits. Overall, K(leaf) decreased as leaf water potentials (Psi(L)) became more negative. Values of K(leaf) corresponding to bulk leaf turgor loss points ranged from 13 to 45% of their maximum. Additionally, Psi(L) corresponding to a 50% loss in conductivity and 50% accumulated UAE ranged from -1.5 to -2.4 MPa and from -1.1 to -2.8 MPa, respectively, across species. Decreases in K(leaf) were closely associated with accumulated UAE and the percentage of empty conduits. The mean amplitude of UAEs was tightly correlated with mean conduit diameter (R(2) = 0.94, P = 0.018). These results suggest that water stress-induced decreases in K(leaf) in these species are directly related to xylem embolism. C1 [Johnson, Daniel M.; Meinzer, Frederick C.; Woodruff, David R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mcculloh, Katherine A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM danieljohnson@fs.fed.us RI Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147; FU National Science Foundation [IOB-0544470] FX This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant IOB-0544470. The authors would like to thank Logan Barnart and Matthew Wibbenmeyer for their helpful assistance in the lab and Peter Kitin and Derrick Horne for microscopy and imaging. We are also grateful to Dr Barbara Lachenbruch for critical discussion of ideas. NR 44 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 32 IS 7 BP 828 EP 836 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01961.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 453HN UT WOS:000266601600006 PM 19220781 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, James A. TI Use of the response of photosynthesis to oxygen to estimate mesophyll conductance to carbon dioxide in water-stressed soybean leaves SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE drought; internal conductance; oxygen inhibition ID INTERNAL CONDUCTANCE; CO2 TRANSFER; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; FLUORESCENCE PARAMETERS; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; C-3 LEAVES; TEMPERATURE; LIMITATIONS; DIFFUSION AB Methods of estimating the mesophyll conductance (g(m)) to the movement of CO(2) from the substomatal airspace to the site of fixation are expensive or rely upon numerous assumptions. It is proposed that, for C(3) species, measurement of the response of photosynthesis to [O(2)] at limiting [CO(2)], combined with a standard biochemical model of photosynthesis, can provide an estimate of g(m). This method was used to determine whether g(m) changed with [CO(2)] and with water stress in soybean leaves. The value of g(m) estimated using the O(2) response method agreed with values obtained using other methods. The g(m) was unchanged over the tested range of substomatal [CO(2)]. Water stress, which decreased stomatal conductance (g(s)) by about 80%, did not affect g(m), while the model parameter V(Cmax) was reduced by about 25%. Leaves with g(s) reduced by about 90% had g(m) values reduced by about 50%, while V(Cmax) was reduced by about 64%. It is concluded that g(m) in C(3) species can be conveniently estimated using the response of photosynthesis to [O(2)] at limiting [CO(2)], and that g(m) in soybean was much less sensitive to water stress than g(s), and was somewhat less sensitive to water stress than V(Cmax). C1 ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.bunce@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 32 IS 7 BP 875 EP 881 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01966.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 453HN UT WOS:000266601600010 PM 19236605 ER PT J AU Hily, JM Singer, SD Yang, YZ Liu, ZR AF Hily, Jean-Michel Singer, Stacy D. Yang, Yazhou Liu, Zongrang TI A transformation booster sequence (TBS) from Petunia hybrida functions as an enhancer-blocking insulator in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE MAR; Transformation booster sequence; 35S promoter/enhancer; AGAMOUS second intron; Arabidopsis thaliana; Enhancer-blocking insulator ID MATRIX-ATTACHMENT REGION; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; BETA-GLOBIN DOMAIN; TRANSGENE EXPRESSION; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING-PROTEIN; GYPSY RETROTRANSPOSON; MOLECULAR DISSECTION; NUCLEAR-MATRIX AB Several matrix-attachment regions (MARs) from animals have been shown to block interactions between an enhancer and promoter when situated between the two. Since a similar function for plant MARs has not been discerned, we tested the Zea mays ADH1 5' MAR, Nicotiana tabacum Rb7 3' MAR and a transformation booster sequence (TBS) MAR from Petunia hybrida for their ability to impede enhancer-promoter interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Stable transgenic lines containing vectors in which one of the three MAR elements or a 4 kb control sequence were interposed between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer and a flower-specific AGAMOUS second intron-derived promoter (AGIP)::beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion were assayed for GUS expression in vegetative tissues. We demonstrate that the TBS MAR element, but not the ADH1 or Rb7 MARs, is able to block interactions between the 35S enhancer and AGIP without compromising the function of either with elements from which they are not insulated. C1 [Hily, Jean-Michel; Singer, Stacy D.; Yang, Yazhou; Liu, Zongrang] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Liu, ZR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM zongrang.liu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; USDA CSREES BRAG [2006-03701] FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Dennis Bennett (USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV) for his technical assistance, and Dr. Ann Callahan (USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV) for critical reading of the manuscript. This study was funded by the USDA-ARS Headquarter 2005 and 2007 classes of postdoctoral grants and a USDA CSREES BRAG grant (2006-03701). NR 69 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUL PY 2009 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1095 EP 1104 DI 10.1007/s00299-009-0700-8 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 462YT UT WOS:000267395700009 PM 19373469 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM Hladky, LL Cortez, AA Natwick, ET AF Wintermantel, William M. Hladky, Laura L. Cortez, Arturo A. Natwick, Eric T. TI A New Expanded Host Range of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus Includes Three Agricultural Crops SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID 1ST REPORT; CALIFORNIA; ARIZONA; SQUASH AB Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) was identified in the fall of 2006 affecting cucurbit production in the southwestern United States (California, Arizona), as well as in nearby Sonora, Mexico, resulting in nearly universal infection of fall melon crops in 2006 and 2007, and late infection of 2007 spring melons. Survival of CYSDV through the largely cucurbit-free winter months suggested the presence of weed or alternate crop hosts, although previous studies indicated a limited host range restricted to members of the Cucurbitaceae. To determine potential reservoir hosts for CYSDV in desert production, weed and crop hosts were collected from throughout the region over a period of 26 months, and were tested for the presence of CYSDV by reverse transcription-polymerise chain reaction (RT-PCR) using CYSDV HSP70h- and coat protein gene-specific primers. Many noncucurbits collected from infected melon fields and nearby areas were symptomless and virus free; however, CYSDV was detected in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), as well as in several weed species widely prevalent in the region. Typical crinivirus symptoms of interveinal yellowing and leaf brittleness were observed on CYSDV-infected snap bean, alkali mallow (Silo hederacea) and Wright's groundcherry (Physalis wrightii), while other infected crop and weed hosts were symptom less. Transmission tests demonstrated that lettuce, snap bean, alkali mallow, Wright's groundcherry, and buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima) could serve as virus reservoir hosts for transmission of CYSDV to melon and other cucurbits. These results expand the previously known host range of CYSDV, demonstrating that the virus is capable of infecting not only members of the Cucurbitaceae, but also plants in seven additional taxonomic families. C1 [Wintermantel, William M.; Hladky, Laura L.; Cortez, Arturo A.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Natwick, Eric T.] Univ Calif, Desert Res & Extens Ctr, Holtville, CA 92250 USA. RP Wintermantel, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM bill.wintermantel@ars.usda.gov FU Western IPM Center [07-001492-UA4]; Western Regional IPM [2008-03024/GRANT00383452] FX We thank R. L. Gilbertson for helpful discussions and assistance with field collections. We also thank Jolene Dessert and the Imperial County, CA Agricultural Commissioner's Office for assistance with field identification and plant sampling. This research was supported in part by funds provided by the California Melon Research Board, the Western IPM Center IPM Issues Grant Program (07-001492-UA4), and the Western Regional IPM program (2008-03024/GRANT00383452). NR 21 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 93 IS 7 BP 685 EP 690 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-7-0685 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 480HD UT WOS:000268723500002 ER PT J AU Allen, TW Jones, DC Boratynski, TN Ykema, RE Rush, CM AF Allen, T. W. Jones, D. C. Boratynski, T. N. Ykema, R. E. Rush, C. M. TI Application of the Humid Thermal Index for Relating Bunted Kernel Incidence to Soilborne Tilletia indica Teliospores in an Arizona Durum Wheat Field SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID KARNAL BUNT; INOCULUM DENSITY; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; RISK; QUARANTINE; EUROPE; TEXAS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB A study was conducted to determine the relationship between soilborne Tilletia indica teliospore density and Karnal bunt incidence in an Arizona durum wheat field in 2005 and 2006. Soil samples were collected from 507 sample points according to a grid marked in a 7.7-ha field. Approximately 500 g of soil from the top 5 cm was collected from each sample point, and telio-spores were recovered from 25-g aliquots by a modified size-selective sieving, sucrose centrifugation procedure. Twenty-five and 50 wheat heads were collected from a 1-m(2) area around each sample point in May 2005 and June 2006, respectively. Wheat head samples from each sample point were bulked, threshed, and examined for the presence of bunted kernels. Additionally, data for soilborne teliospores and percent bunted kernels from 70 sample points in 2005 and 2006 that corresponded to sample points from a 2004 bunted kernel survey conducted by the USDA and Arizona Department of Agriculture were analyzed. Soilborne teliospore numbers ranged from 6 to 1,000 per 25-g soil sample in the 2-year study. No bunted kernels were recovered in 2005; however, two sample points yielded bunted kernels in 2006. Weather data from three time periods in 2004, 2005, and 2006 were applied to the humid thermal index model and suggested that a conducive environment for disease development existed in 2005. Based on the data from this research, we concluded that even though high numbers of soilborne teliospores were present in the field, and although a conducive environment was present for disease to develop on only one occasion, a direct relationship between soilborne teliospores and disease incidence may not exist. C1 [Allen, T. W.; Jones, D. C.; Rush, C. M.] Texas AgriLife Res, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Boratynski, T. N.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Brawley, CA 92227 USA. [Ykema, R. E.] Arizona Dept Agr, Phoenix, AZ 85009 USA. RP Rush, CM (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, 2301 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM cm-rush@tamu.edu FU Texas Agriculture Experiment Station; USDA-ARS [5430-21000-005-001] FX This research was conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between the Texas Agriculture Experiment Station and USDA-ARS under project number 5430-21000-005-001). We are grateful to C. Childers and F. Workneh for field assistance, and B. Annen, J. Arthur, D. Harvey, and H. W. Maples for technical assistance. We would also like to thank C. W. Randall and the rest of the staff working with the Kamal bunt project in Seymour/Olney, TX for assistance recovering bunted kernels. M. Ottman, Extension Agronomist for the University of Arizona, was also an invaluable source of specific Arizona cropping systems information throughout the development of this manuscript. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 93 IS 7 BP 713 EP 719 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-7-0713 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 480HD UT WOS:000268723500006 ER PT J AU Polashock, JJ Ehlenfeldt, MK Crouch, JA AF Polashock, James J. Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. Crouch, Jo Anne TI Molecular Detection and Discrimination of Blueberry red ringspot virus Strains Causing Disease in Cultivated Blueberry and Cranberry SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN CHLOROTIC MOTTLE; IDENTIFICATION; CAULIMOVIRUS AB Blueberry red ringspot virus (BRRV) causes red ringspots on the stems, leaves, and ripening fruit of infected highbush blueberry (Vaccinium coryrnbosum) plants. The disease was originally observed in New Jersey and has now been reported in other blueberry growing regions in the United States, as well as several locations in Europe. A disease with similar symptoms occurs in American cranberry (V macrocarpon), but BRRV has never been confirmed as the causal agent. Serological detection of BRRV in infected plants has been unsatisfactory. Using a primer set designed for routine detection (RRSV3/RRSV4), we successfully amplified a fragment of the virus from all tissues of infected highbush blueberry plants. Using the same primer set, we confirmed natural infection of BRRV in rabbiteye (V. virgatum) blueberry cultivars and the rabbiteye x V. constablaei hybrid cultivar Little Giant. These species have not been previously reported as hosts for this virus. Viral fragments were cloned from representative blueberry and cranberry plants exhibiting ringspot symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data showed that cranberry strains of BRRV are precursors to the more derived blueberry strains. The techniques reported in this paper are being used to evaluate strain variation in Vaccinium species and to identify the as yet unknown vector(s) of this virus. C1 [Polashock, James J.; Ehlenfeldt, Mark K.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Crouch, Jo Anne] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Polashock, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM james.polashock@ars.usda.gov RI Crouch, Jo Anne/F-4322-2012; OI Crouch, Jo Anne/0000-0001-6886-8090 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 93 IS 7 BP 727 EP 733 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-7-0727 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 480HD UT WOS:000268723500008 ER PT J AU Weiland, JE Nelson, AH Hudler, GW AF Weiland, Jerry E. Nelson, Angela H. Hudler, George W. TI Effects of Mefenoxam, Phosphonate, and Paclobutrazol on In Vitro Characteristics of Phytophthora cactorum and P. citricola and on Canker Size of European Beech SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FOSETYL-AL; METALAXYL; CINNAMOMI; TREES; VARIABILITY; ALMOND; CROWN; ROOT; ROT AB Phytophthora citricola and P. cactorum cause bleeding cankers that lead to the death of mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the northeastern United States. The effects of two fungicides and a plant growth regulator on in vitro pathogen characteristics and on canker expansion were investigated. In the first experiment, 16 single-spore isolates (1 I P. citricola and 5 P cactorum) were grown on clarified V8 juice agar amended with (i) 0 to 20 mu g a.i./ml of mefenoxam, (ii) 0 to 301,429 mu g a.i./ml phosphonate either with or without a bark-penetrating surfactant at 0.5 mg a.i./ml, or (iii) 0 to 25 mg a.i./ml of the surfactant alone. Radial growth, oospore production, and zoospore germination were observed to be dependent on isolate and treatment. A species effect on growth was also observed, as P. cactorum isolates were 2.5- to sevenfold less sensitive to phosphonate, but 2- to 150-fold more sensitive to mefenoxam than P citricola isolates (based on 50% inhibition of growth). In the second experiment, bark and soil drenches of mefenoxam (50 mg a.i./ml and 19 mu g a.i./ml, respectively), phosphonate (301,429 and 101 mu g a.i./ml, respectively), Bind a soil drench of paclobutrazol (21 mg a.i./ml) were evaluated for their efficacy as curative or preventive treatments against bleeding canker. None of the treatments (curative or preventive) were able to stop canker expansion or prevent infection. However, saplings inoculated with P citricola and treated with the phosphonate bark drench as either a curative or preventive treatment had cankers that were 36 to 82% shorter than those of inoculated control stems treated with water. For saplings inoculated with P. cactorum, the phosphonate bark drench was only effective when applied as a preventive (38% shorter than inoculated control steins treated with water), and not as a curative treatment. No other treatment was effective at limiting canker expansion. C1 [Weiland, Jerry E.] Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Nelson, Angela H.; Hudler, George W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Weiland, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Jerry.Weiland@ars.usda.gov FU Agri-Chem Inc.; Rainbow TreeCare Scientific Advancements Inc.; Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Federal Formula Funds [NYC1536413] FX do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S Department of Agriculture.Research reported herein was supported in part by grants from Agri-Chem Inc., Rainbow TreeCare Scientific Advancements Inc., and the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Federal Formula Funds, Project No. NYC1536413 received from Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 93 IS 7 BP 741 EP 746 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-7-0741 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 480HD UT WOS:000268723500010 ER PT J AU Owens, RA Girsova, NV Kromina, KA Lee, IM Mozhaeva, KA Kastalyeva, TB AF Owens, Robert A. Girsova, Natalya V. Kromina, Ksenia A. Lee, Ing Ming Mozhaeva, Karina A. Kastalyeva, Tatyana B. TI Russian Isolates of Potato spindle tuber viroid Exhibit Low Sequence Diversity SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC TRAFFICKING; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; NUCLEIC-ACID; RNA MOTIF; EVOLUTIONARY; REPLICATION; VARIANTS; MATRIX; PSTVD AB Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is currently widespread in seed potatoes grown in Russia. Characterization of 39 PSTVd isolates collected over a 15-year period from widely separated areas in Russia revealed the presence of 17 different sequence variants, all but one of which were previously unknown. Most variants were recovered only once, but two were more widely distributed; one of these was a mild variant previously isolated in Germany, the second was a novel variant inducing symptoms similar to those of the type strain in tomato. Despite this apparent lack of population diversity, several informative PSTVd variants were recovered. Sequence changes in the pathogenicity and variable domains were particularly common, but previously unknown changes were also detected within the loop E motif in the central domain, a structural motif known to play a key role in PSTVd replication and host range determination. C1 [Owens, Robert A.; Lee, Ing Ming] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Girsova, Natalya V.; Kromina, Ksenia A.; Mozhaeva, Karina A.; Kastalyeva, Tatyana B.] Russian Res Inst Phytopathol VNIIF, Vyazemskii 143050, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Owens, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.a.owens@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 93 IS 7 BP 752 EP 759 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-7-0752 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 480HD UT WOS:000268723500012 ER PT J AU Nelson, BD Domier, LL AF Nelson, B. D. Domier, L. L. TI First Report of Soybean mosaic virus on Soybean in North Dakota. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Nelson, B. D.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Domier, L. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, BD (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 93 IS 7 BP 760 EP 760 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-7-0760C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 480HD UT WOS:000268723500015 ER PT J AU Fornwalt, PJ Kaufmann, MR Huckaby, LS Stohlgren, TJ AF Fornwalt, Paula J. Kaufmann, Merrill R. Huckaby, Laurie S. Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Effects of past logging and grazing on understory plant communities in a montane Colorado forest SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Community composition; Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson; Multivariate analyses; Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco; Riparian areas; Species richness ID PINE/DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS AB Throughout Pinus ponderosa-Pseudotsuga menziesii forests of the southern Colorado Front Range, USA, intense logging and domestic grazing began at the time of Euro-American settlement in the late 1800s and continued until the early 1900s. We investigated the long-term impacts of these settlement-era activities on understory plant communities by comparing understory composition at a historically logged and grazed site to that of an environmentally similar site which was protected from past use. We found that species richness and cover within functional groups rarely differed between sites in either upland or riparian areas. Multivariate analyses revealed little difference in species composition between sites on uplands, though compositional differences were apparent in riparian zones. Our findings suggest that settlement-era logging and grazing have had only minor long-term impacts on understories of upland Front Range P. ponderosa-P. menziesii forests, though they have had a greater long-term influence on riparian understories, where these activities were likely the most intense. C1 [Fornwalt, Paula J.; Kaufmann, Merrill R.; Huckaby, Laurie S.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fornwalt, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM pfornwalt@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 203 IS 1 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s11258-008-9513-z PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 451EY UT WOS:000266454700009 ER PT J AU Gore, MA Wright, MH Ersoz, ES Bouffard, P Szekeres, ES Jarvie, TP Hurwitz, BL Narechania, A Harkins, TT Grills, GS Ware, DH Buckler, ES AF Gore, Michael A. Wright, Mark H. Ersoz, Elhan S. Bouffard, Pascal Szekeres, Edward S. Jarvie, Thomas P. Hurwitz, Bonnie L. Narechania, Apurva Harkins, Timothy T. Grills, George S. Ware, Doreen H. Buckler, Edward S. TI Large-Scale Discovery of Gene-Enriched SNPs SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Whole-genome association studies of complex traits in higher eukaryotes require a high density of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers at genome-wide coverage. To design high-throughput, multiplexed SNP genotyping assays, researchers must first discover large numbers of SNPs by extensively resequencing multiple individuals or lines. For SNP discovery approaches using short read-lengths that next-generation DNA sequencing technologies offer, the highly repetitive and duplicated nature of large plant genomes presents additional challenges. Here, we describe a genomic library construction procedure that facilitates pyrosequencing of genic and low-copy regions in plant genomes, and a customized computational pipeline to analyze and assemble short reads (100-200 bp), identify allelic reference sequence comparisons, and call SNPs with a high degree of accuracy. With maize (Zea mays L.) as the test organism in a pilot experiment, the implementation of these methods resulted in the identification of 126,683 putative SNPs between two maize inbred lines at an estimated false discovery rate (FDR) of 15.1%. We estimated rates of false SNP discovery using an internal control, and we validated these FDR rates with an external SNP dataset that was generated using locus-specific PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. These results show that this approach has wide applicability for efficiently and accurately detecting gene-enriched SNPs in large, complex plant genomes. C1 [Gore, Michael A.] Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wright, Mark H.] Cornell Univ, Dep Genet & Dev, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ersoz, Elhan S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ware, Doreen H.] USDA ARS, Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Harkins, Timothy T.] Roche Appl Sci Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46250 USA. [Grills, George S.] Cornell Univ, Life Sci Core Labs Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Inst Genom Divers, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gore, MA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, 175 Biotechnol Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mag87@cornell.edu; mhw6@cornell.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467, DBI-0638566, DBI-0701382, DBI-0606461]; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service FX We thank D. Costich, S. Myles, J. Peiffer, and especially M. Hamblin for their insights and critical review of the manuscript, L. Rigamer Lirette for technical editing of the manuscript, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This work was supported in part by U.S. National Science Foundation grants DBI-0321467 and DBI-0638566 and United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service. Mark H. Wright was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grants DBI-0701382 and DBI-0606461. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 57 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 121 EP 133 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2009.01.0002 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WO UT WOS:000208575900003 ER PT J AU Szucs, P Blake, VC Bhat, PR Chao, SAM Close, TJ Cuesta-Marcos, A Muehlbauer, GJ Ramsay, L Waugh, R Hayes, PM AF Szucs, Peter Blake, Victoria C. Bhat, Prasanna R. Chao, Shiaoman Close, Timothy J. Cuesta-Marcos, Alfonso Muehlbauer, Gary J. Ramsay, Luke Waugh, Robbie Hayes, Patrick M. TI An Integrated Resource for Barley Linkage Map and Malting Quality QTL Alignment SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an economically important model plant for genetics research. Barley is currently served by an increasingly comprehensive set of tools for genetic analysis that have recently been augmented by high-density genetic linkage maps built with gene-based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNP-based maps need to be aligned with earlier generation maps, which were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection, by integrating multiple types of markers into a single map. A 2383 locus linkage map was developed using the Oregon Wolfe Barley (OWB) Mapping Population to allow such alignments. The map is based on 1472 SNP, 722 DArT, and 189 prior markers which include morphological, simple sequence repeat (SSR), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), and sequence tagged site (STS) loci. This new OWB map forms, therefore, a useful bridge between high-density SNP-only maps and prior QTL reports. The application of this bridge concept is shown using malting-quality QTLs from multiple mapping populations, as reported in the literature. This is the first step toward developing a Barley QTL Community Curation workbook for all types of QTLs and maps, on the GrainGenes website. The OWB-related resources are available at OWB Data and GrainGenes Tools (OWB-DGGT) (http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/maps/OWB/). C1 [Szucs, Peter; Cuesta-Marcos, Alfonso; Hayes, Patrick M.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Blake, Victoria C.] Montana State Univ, Dep Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bhat, Prasanna R.; Close, Timothy J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ramsay, Luke; Waugh, Robbie] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Genet Programme, Dundee DD2 5NE, Scotland. RP Hayes, PM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM patrick.m.hayes@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722]; "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement", UK [SA LINK 302/BB/D522003/1]; Association Genetics of Elite UK Barleys; NSF DBI "Coupling EST and Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Resources to Access the Barley Genome" [0321756] FX This work was made possible by the vision, skill, and dedication of Dr. Robert Wolfe. This research was supported by USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant No. 2006-55606-16722, "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement", UK SA LINK 302/BB/D522003/1 "Association Genetics of Elite UK Barleys", and NSF DBI Grant No. 0321756 "Coupling EST and Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Resources to Access the Barley Genome." We extend our sincere gratitude to all who, over the years, have contributed data to the OWB map. Special thanks to Ann Corey for curation of the OWB genetic stocks and to Tanya Filichkina for assistance in genotyping and resequencing of malting quality related genes. NR 24 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.01.005 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WO UT WOS:000208575900004 ER PT J AU Bilyeu, K Ren, CW Nguyen, HT Herman, E Sleper, DA AF Bilyeu, Kristin Ren, Chengwei Nguyen, Henry T. Herman, Eliot Sleper, David A. TI Association of a Four-Basepair Insertion in the P34 Gene with the Low-Allergen Trait in Soybean SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB The value of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is determined in part by functionality of major seed components, extractable oil and high protein meal. Soybean meal is an important protein source for animal feeds, and use of soybean meal by the food industry is increasing. Food allergens have negative impacts for both foods and feeds. The major soybean allergen, Gly m Bd 30K, was identified as the P34 protein, a low abundance but highly conserved seed protein. Recently, two soybean germplasm accessions (PI 567476 and PI 603570A) were identified as having reduced P34 content without other collateral changes in seed protein composition. In order to develop molecular markers to enhance breeding for low P34, our objective was to characterize the P34 gene region in wild-type and low-P34 soybean lines and exploit any sequence differences to allow direct selection for mutant P34 alleles. The results indicated the two low-P34 germplasm accessions contain a four-basepair insertion at the P34 start codon. The mutant allele may inhibit efficient translation initiation of the P34 protein. Inheritance of the mutant P34 alleles completely associated with the low-P34 phenotype. Molecular markers were developed that were based on the mutant allele of the P34 gene. C1 [Bilyeu, Kristin] Univ Missouri Columbia, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ren, Chengwei] Beta Seed Inc, Tangent, OR 97389 USA. [Sleper, David A.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Life Sci Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Herman, Eliot] USDA ARS, D Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Bilyeu, K (reprint author), Univ Missouri Columbia, USDA ARS, 108 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bilyeuk@missouri.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2009.01.0006 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WO UT WOS:000208575900005 ER PT J AU Calla, B Vuong, T Radwan, O Hartman, GL Clough, SJ AF Calla, Bernarda Tri Vuong Radwan, Osman Hartman, Glen L. Clough, Steven J. TI Gene Expression Profiling Soybean Stem Tissue Early Response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and In Silico Mapping in Relation to Resistance Markers SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, can be a serious disease of crops grown under cool, moist environments. In many plants, such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], complete genetic resistance does not exist. To identify possible genes involved in defense against this pathogen, and to determine possible physiological changes that occur during infection, a microarray screen was conducted using stem tissue to evaluate changes in gene expression between partially resistant and susceptible soybean genotypes at 8 and 14 hours post inoculation. RNA from 15 day-old inoculated plants was labeled and hybridized to soybean cDNA microarrays. ANOVA identified 1270 significant genes from the comparison between time points and 105 genes from the comparison between genotypes. Selected genes were classified into functional categories. The analyses identified changes in cell-wall composition and signaling pathways, as well as suggesting a role for anthocyanin and anthocyanidin synthesis in the defense against S. sclerotiorum. In-silico mapping of both the differentially expressed transcripts and of public markers associated with partial resistance to white mold, provided evidence of several differentially expressed genes being closely positioned to white mold resistance markers, with the two most promising genes encoding a PR-5 and anthocyanidin synthase. C1 [Calla, Bernarda; Tri Vuong; Radwan, Osman; Hartman, Glen L.; Clough, Steven J.] Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.; Clough, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Clough, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM steven.clough@ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 149 EP 166 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.02.0008 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WO UT WOS:000208575900006 ER PT J AU Gillman, JD Pantalone, VR Bilyeu, K AF Gillman, Jason D. Pantalone, Vincent R. Bilyeu, Kristin TI The Low Phytic Acid Phenotype in Soybean Line CX1834 Is Due to Mutations in Two Homologs of the Maize Low Phytic Acid Gene SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Plant seeds accumulate phosphorus in the form of myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa-kisphosphate, commonly referred to as phytic acid. Phytic acid is found complexed with cationic mineral species in the form of phytate, which is not well digested or absorbed by monogastric species such as humans, poultry, and swine. As a result, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has an effective deficiency of phosphorus and other minerals, despite high levels of minerals and phosphorus in the seed. Excreted phytate can also contribute to phosphorus contamination of groundwater and eutrophication of freshwater lakes and streams. In maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays), a recessive mutation in a conserved region within the low phytic acid 1 (lpa1) gene is responsible for the low phytic acid phenotype. We have identified recessive mutations in two soybean homologs of the maize lpa1 gene in soybean line CX1834, a mutagenized line with a low phytic acid phenotype. In three populations analyzed, we identified complete association between homozygosity for mutant alleles of the two lpa1 homologs and the low phytic acid phenotype in soybean. Molecular marker assays were designed that can be used to directly select for the mutant alleles that control the phenotype. C1 [Gillman, Jason D.; Bilyeu, Kristin] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Pantalone, Vincent R.] Univ Tennessee, Dep Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bilyeu, K (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, 110 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bilyeuk@missouri.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; United Soybean Board FX The authors appreciate the excellent technical assistance of Ashley Tetlow. This research was supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and the United Soybean Board. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.03.0013 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WO UT WOS:000208575900008 ER PT J AU Zhu, J Patzoldt, WL Radwan, O Tranel, PJ Clough, SJ AF Zhu, Jin Patzoldt, William L. Radwan, Osman Tranel, Patrick J. Clough, Steven J. TI Effects of Photosystem-II-Interfering Herbicides Atrazine and Bentazon on the Soybean Transcriptome SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Atrazine and bentazon are both photosystem-II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides that interfere with photosynthetic electron transport, provoking oxidative stress. While atrazine is lethal to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], bentazon does not kill soybean because of the capability of soybeans to metabolize the herbicide. Gene expression profiling was conducted using cDNA microarrays to understand the responses of soybeans to PSII interruption and concomitant stress caused by atrazine and bentazon by monitoring expression at 1, 2, 4, and 8 h after treatment (HAT). The microarray study revealed that 6646 genes were differentially expressed with high statistical significance over the experiment, with 88% of them sharing similar expression pattern between the atrazine and bentazon treatments. Many genes related to xenobiotic detoxification and antioxidation, such as cytochrome P450s, glutathione-S-transferases, superoxide dismutases, catalases, and tocophero cyclases, were induced by the herbicides. The study also discovered plants treated with bentazon started to recover between 4 and 8 HAT as reflected in the decreased amplitude of fold changes of most genes from 4 to 8 HAT. The 12% of the genes that were differentially expressed between atrazine and bentazon were largely related to cell recovery, such as genes related to ribosomal components. C1 [Zhu, Jin; Patzoldt, William L.; Radwan, Osman; Tranel, Patrick J.; Clough, Steven J.] Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Clough, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Clough, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM sjclough@illinois.edu FU USDA-ARS Current Research Information System [3611-21000-018-00D]; University of Illinois Soybean Disease Biotechnology Center FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Min Li and Haitao Xiang for providing programming assistance, and Ms. Marisol Benitez and Ms. Bernarda Calla for statistical assistance and discussions. Funding support was provided through the USDA-ARS Current Research Information System 3611-21000-018-00D and the University of Illinois Soybean Disease Biotechnology Center. NR 117 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2009.02.0010 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WO UT WOS:000208575900009 ER PT J AU Baser, KHC Demirci, B Ozek, G Duran, A Tabanca, N Wedge, DE AF Baser, K. H. C. Demirci, B. Ozek, G. Duran, A. Tabanca, N. Wedge, D. E. TI Research into chemistry and biological activities of Prangos Lindl. (Apiaceae) species of Turkey SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-Research-and-Natural-Product-Research CY AUG 16-20, 2009 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP Soc Medicinal Plant & Nat Prod Res C1 [Baser, K. H. C.; Demirci, B.; Ozek, G.] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Duran, A.] Selcuk Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Biol, TR-42090 Meram, Konya, Turkey. [Tabanca, N.; Wedge, D. E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, NPURU,Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 75 IS 9 BP 888 EP 888 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 481JQ UT WOS:000268806600041 ER PT J AU Vougogiannopoulou, K Fokialakis, N Aligiannis, N Cantrell, C Skaltsounis, AL AF Vougogiannopoulou, K. Fokialakis, N. Aligiannis, N. Cantrell, C. Skaltsounis, A. L. TI New caulindoles from Raputia simulans Kallunki SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-Research-and-Natural-Product-Research CY AUG 16-20, 2009 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP Soc Medicinal Plant & Nat Prod Res C1 [Vougogiannopoulou, K.; Fokialakis, N.; Aligiannis, N.; Skaltsounis, A. L.] Univ Athens, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy & Nat Prod Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. [Cantrell, C.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 75 IS 9 BP 926 EP 926 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 481JQ UT WOS:000268806600174 ER PT J AU Ma, LJ Ibrahim, AS Skory, C Grabherr, MG Burger, G Butler, M Elias, M Idnurm, A Lang, BF Sone, T Abe, A Calvo, SE Corrochano, LM Engels, R Fu, JM Hansberg, W Kim, JM Kodira, CD Koehrsen, MJ Liu, B Miranda-Saavedra, D O'Leary, S Ortiz-Castellanos, L Poulter, R Rodriguez-Romero, J Ruiz-Herrera, J Shen, YQ Zeng, QD Galagan, J Birren, BW Cuomo, CA Wickes, BL AF Ma, Li-Jun Ibrahim, Ashraf S. Skory, Christopher Grabherr, Manfred G. Burger, Gertraud Butler, Margi Elias, Marek Idnurm, Alexander Lang, B. Franz Sone, Teruo Abe, Ayumi Calvo, Sarah E. Corrochano, Luis M. Engels, Reinhard Fu, Jianmin Hansberg, Wilhelm Kim, Jung-Mi Kodira, Chinnappa D. Koehrsen, Michael J. Liu, Bo Miranda-Saavedra, Diego O'Leary, Sinead Ortiz-Castellanos, Lucila Poulter, Russell Rodriguez-Romero, Julio Ruiz-Herrera, Jose Shen, Yao-Qing Zeng, Qiandong Galagan, James Birren, Bruce W. Cuomo, Christina A. Wickes, Brian L. TI Genomic Analysis of the Basal Lineage Fungus Rhizopus oryzae Reveals a Whole-Genome Duplication SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CANDIDA-ALBICANS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MUCOR-ROUXII; YEAST; EVOLUTION; IRON; RESISTANCE; CLASSIFICATION; MUCORMYCOSIS AB Rhizopus oryzae is the primary cause of mucormycosis, an emerging, life-threatening infection characterized by rapid angioinvasive growth with an overall mortality rate that exceeds 50%. As a representative of the paraphyletic basal group of the fungal kingdom called "zygomycetes,'' R. oryzae is also used as a model to study fungal evolution. Here we report the genome sequence of R. oryzae strain 99-880, isolated from a fatal case of mucormycosis. The highly repetitive 45.3 Mb genome assembly contains abundant transposable elements (TEs), comprising approximately 20% of the genome. We predicted 13,895 protein-coding genes not overlapping TEs, many of which are paralogous gene pairs. The order and genomic arrangement of the duplicated gene pairs and their common phylogenetic origin provide evidence for an ancestral whole-genome duplication (WGD) event. The WGD resulted in the duplication of nearly all subunits of the protein complexes associated with respiratory electron transport chains, the V-ATPase, and the ubiquitin-proteasome systems. The WGD, together with recent gene duplications, resulted in the expansion of multiple gene families related to cell growth and signal transduction, as well as secreted aspartic protease and subtilase protein families, which are known fungal virulence factors. The duplication of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, especially the major azole target, lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (ERG11), could contribute to the variable responses of R. oryzae to different azole drugs, including voriconazole and posaconazole. Expanded families of cell-wall synthesis enzymes, essential for fungal cell integrity but absent in mammalian hosts, reveal potential targets for novel and R. oryzae-specific diagnostic and therapeutic treatments. C1 [Ma, Li-Jun; Grabherr, Manfred G.; Calvo, Sarah E.; Engels, Reinhard; Kodira, Chinnappa D.; Koehrsen, Michael J.; O'Leary, Sinead; Zeng, Qiandong; Galagan, James; Birren, Bruce W.; Cuomo, Christina A.] MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ma, Li-Jun; Grabherr, Manfred G.; Calvo, Sarah E.; Engels, Reinhard; Kodira, Chinnappa D.; Koehrsen, Michael J.; O'Leary, Sinead; Zeng, Qiandong; Galagan, James; Birren, Bruce W.; Cuomo, Christina A.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ibrahim, Ashraf S.] Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. [Skory, Christopher] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Midwest Area, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Burger, Gertraud; Lang, B. Franz; Shen, Yao-Qing] Univ Montreal, Dept Biochem, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Butler, Margi; Poulter, Russell] Univ Otago, Dept Biochem, Otago, New Zealand. [Elias, Marek] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Prague, Czech Republic. [Idnurm, Alexander] Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Div Cell Biol & Biophys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Sone, Teruo; Abe, Ayumi] Hokkaido Univ, Res Fac Agr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Corrochano, Luis M.; Rodriguez-Romero, Julio] Univ Seville, Dept Genet, Seville, Spain. [Fu, Jianmin; Wickes, Brian L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Hansberg, Wilhelm] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fisiol Celular, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Liu, Bo] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Miranda-Saavedra, Diego] Cambridge Inst Med Res, Cambridge, England. [Ortiz-Castellanos, Lucila; Ruiz-Herrera, Jose] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Ingn Genet, Unidad Irapuato, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), MIT, Broad Inst, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM lijun@broad.mit.edu; wickes@uthscsa.edu RI Corrochano, Luis/F-5720-2010; Sone, Teruo/A-4269-2012; Miranda-Saavedra, Diego/C-2707-2012; Elias, Marek/D-6851-2014; Idnurm, Alexander/K-8558-2013; Rodriguez-Romero, Julio/K-7972-2014; OI Cuomo, Christina/0000-0002-5778-960X; Corrochano, Luis/0000-0002-6282-6567; Elias, Marek/0000-0003-0066-6542; Idnurm, Alexander/0000-0001-5995-7040; Rodriguez-Romero, Julio/0000-0001-8304-4014; Engels, Reinhard/0000-0003-0921-0736; Ma, Li-Jun/0000-0002-2733-3708; Galagan, James/0000-0003-0542-3291 FU National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); [R01 AI063503]; [PR054228] FX The genome sequencing of R. oryzae was funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) (http://www.genome.gov/) and conducted at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. This work was also supported by R01 AI063503 to ASI and PR054228 to BLW. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 134 Z9 162 U1 7 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 5 IS 7 AR e1000549 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000549 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 486SZ UT WOS:000269219500045 PM 19578406 ER PT J AU Venugopal, SC Jeong, RD Mandal, MK Zhu, SF Chandra-Shekara, AC Xia, Y Hersh, M Stromberg, AJ Navarre, D Kachroo, A Kachroo, P AF Venugopal, Srivathsa C. Jeong, Rae-Dong Mandal, Mihir K. Zhu, Shifeng Chandra-Shekara, A. C. Xia, Ye Hersh, Matthew Stromberg, Arnold J. Navarre, DuRoy Kachroo, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep TI Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 and Salicylic Acid Act Redundantly to Regulate Resistance Gene-Mediated Signaling SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; TURNIP CRINKLE VIRUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; OLEIC-ACID; CELL-DEATH; DEFENSE RESPONSES; PLANT DEFENSE; ESSENTIAL COMPONENT; MILDEW RESISTANCE; JASMONIC-ACID AB Resistance (R) protein-associated pathways are well known to participate in defense against a variety of microbial pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) and its associated proteinaceous signaling components, including enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), non-race-specific disease resistance 1 (NDR1), phytoalexin deficient 4 (PAD4), senescence associated gene 101 (SAG101), and EDS5, have been identified as components of resistance derived from many R proteins. Here, we show that EDS1 and SA fulfill redundant functions in defense signaling mediated by R proteins, which were thought to function independent of EDS1 and/or SA. Simultaneous mutations in EDS1 and the SA-synthesizing enzyme SID2 compromised hypersensitive response and/or resistance mediated by R proteins that contain coiled coil domains at their N-terminal ends. Furthermore, the expression of R genes and the associated defense signaling induced in response to a reduction in the level of oleic acid were also suppressed by compromising SA biosynthesis in the eds1 mutant background. The functional redundancy with SA was specific to EDS1. Results presented here redefine our understanding of the roles of EDS1 and SA in plant defense. C1 [Venugopal, Srivathsa C.; Jeong, Rae-Dong; Mandal, Mihir K.; Zhu, Shifeng; Chandra-Shekara, A. C.; Xia, Ye; Kachroo, Aardra; Kachroo, Pradeep] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Hersh, Matthew; Stromberg, Arnold J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Stat, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Navarre, DuRoy] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Prosser, WA USA. RP Venugopal, SC (reprint author), Metahelix Life Sci Private Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. EM pk62@uky.edu FU NSF [0421914]; USDA-NRI [2004-03287]; KSEF [419-RDE-004, 555-RDE-005, 622-RDE-006] FX This work was supported by grants from NSF (MCB#0421914), USDA-NRI (2004-03287), and KSEF (419-RDE-004, 555-RDE-005, 622-RDE-006). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 5 IS 7 AR e1000545 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000545 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 486SZ UT WOS:000269219500041 PM 19578402 ER PT J AU Yamanaka, T Liebhold, AM AF Yamanaka, Takehiko Liebhold, Andrew M. TI Mate-location failure, the Allee effect, and the establishment of invading populations SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MANAGEMENT; ERADICATION; DYNAMICS; SUCCESS; TIME C1 [Yamanaka, Takehiko] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Biodivers Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Yamanaka, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Biodivers Div, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. EM apple@affrc.go.jp RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s10144-009-0158-0 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 451RB UT WOS:000266486500001 ER PT J AU Kramer, AM Dennis, B Liebhold, AM Drake, JM AF Kramer, Andrew M. Dennis, Brian Liebhold, Andrew M. Drake, John M. TI The evidence for Allee effects SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Critical density; Depensation; Inverse density dependence; Mate limitation; Predator satiation; Positive density dependence ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; FISH STOCKS; GYPSY-MOTH; MODELS; EXTINCTION; PREDATION; RISK; SIZE AB Allee effects are an important dynamic phenomenon believed to be manifested in several population processes, notably extinction and invasion. Though widely cited in these contexts, the evidence for their strength and prevalence has not been critically evaluated. We review results from 91 studies on Allee effects in natural animal populations. We focus on empirical signatures that are used or might be used to detect Allee effects, the types of data in which Allee effects are evident, the empirical support for the occurrence of critical densities in natural populations, and differences among taxa both in the presence of Allee effects and primary causal mechanisms. We find that conclusive examples are known from Mollusca, Arthropoda, and Chordata, including three classes of vertebrates, and are most commonly documented to result from mate limitation in invertebrates and from predator-prey interactions in vertebrates. More than half of studies failed to distinguish component and demographic Allee effects in data, although the distinction is crucial to most of the population-level dynamic implications associated with Allee effects (e.g., the existence of an unstable critical density associated with strong Allee effects). Thus, although we find conclusive evidence for Allee effects due to a variety of mechanisms in natural populations of 59 animal species, we also find that existing data addressing the strength and commonness of Allee effects across species and populations is limited; evidence for a critical density for most populations is lacking. We suggest that current studies, mainly observational in nature, should be supplemented by population-scale experiments and approaches connecting component and demographic effects. C1 [Kramer, Andrew M.; Drake, John M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Dennis, Brian] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kramer, AM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kramera3@uga.edu RI Kramer, Andrew/C-5495-2008; Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Drake, John/D-6622-2012; OI Kramer, Andrew/0000-0002-9031-6580; Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Drake, John/0000-0003-4646-1235 NR 70 TC 146 Z9 146 U1 14 U2 131 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 341 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s10144-009-0152-6 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 451RB UT WOS:000266486500002 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Robinet, C Johnson, DM Whitmire, SL Bjornstad, ON Liebhold, AM AF Tobin, Patrick C. Robinet, Christelle Johnson, Derek M. Whitmire, Stefanie L. Bjornstad, Ottar N. Liebhold, Andrew M. TI The role of Allee effects in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), invasions SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Biological invasions; Establishment; Invasion dynamics; Nonindigenous species; Spread ID MATING SUCCESS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; INVADING ORGANISMS; UNITED-STATES; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; PEST-MANAGEMENT; SEX ATTRACTANT; NORTH-AMERICA AB Allee effects have been applied historically in efforts to understand the low-density population dynamics of rare and endangered species. Many biological invasions likewise experience the phenomenon of decreasing population growth rates at low population densities because most founding populations of introduced nonnative species occur at low densities. In range expansion of established species, the initial colonizers of habitat beyond the organism's current range are usually at low density, and thus could be subject to Allee dynamics. There has been consistent empirical and theoretical evidence demonstrating, and in some cases quantifying, the role of Allee dynamics in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), invasion of North America. In this review, we examine the potential causes of the Allee effect in the gypsy moth and highlight the importance of mate-finding failure as a primary mechanism behind an Allee effect, while the degree to which generalist predators induce an Allee effect remains unclear. We then explore the role of Allee effects in the establishment and spread dynamics of the gypsy moth system, which conceptually could serve as a model system for understanding how Allee effects manifest themselves in the dynamics of biological invasions. C1 [Tobin, Patrick C.; Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Robinet, Christelle] INRA, UR Zool Forestiere 633, F-45075 Orleans, France. [Johnson, Derek M.] Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Whitmire, Stefanie L.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Bjornstad, Ottar N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bjornstad, Ottar N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; NR 111 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 46 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s10144-009-0144-6 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 451RB UT WOS:000266486500004 ER PT J AU Fauvergue, X Hopper, KR AF Fauvergue, Xavier Hopper, Keith Roderick TI French wasps in the New World: experimental biological control introductions reveal a demographic Allee effect SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological invasion; Bottleneck; Competition; Mating; Propagule pressure; Sex pheromone ID TRAIL SEX-PHEROMONE; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; PARASITOID WASP; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; POPULATION MANAGEMENT; RELEASE STRATEGIES; INVASION BIOLOGY; CONTROL AGENTS; NEW-ZEALAND; FIELD AB Many populations introduced into a novel environment fail to establish. One underlying process is the Allee effect, i.e., the difficulty of individuals to survive and reproduce when rare, and the consequently low or negative population growth. Although observations showing a positive relation between initial population size and establishment probability suggest that the Allee effect could be widespread in biological invasions, experimental tests are scarce. Here, we used a biological control program against Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the United States to manipulate initial population size of the introduced parasitoid Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) originating from France. For eight populations and three generations after introduction, we studied spatial distribution and spread, density, mate-finding, and population growth. Dispersal was lower in small populations during the first generation. Smaller initial population size nonetheless resulted in lower density during the three generations studied. The proportion of mated females and the population sex ratio were not affected by initial population size or population density. Net reproductive rate decreased with density within each generation, suggesting negative density-dependence. But for a given density, net reproductive rate was smaller in populations initiated with few individuals than in populations initiated with many individuals. Hence, our results demonstrate a demographic Allee effect. Mate-finding is excluded as an underlying mechanism, and other component Allee effects may have been overwhelmed by negative density-dependence in reproduction. Impact of generalist predators could provide one potential explanation for the relationship between initial population size and net reproductive rate. However, the continuing effect of initial population size on population growth suggests genetic processes may have been involved in the observed demographic Allee effect. C1 [Fauvergue, Xavier] UNSA Interact Biot & Sante Vegetale, CNRS, INRA, UMR 1301, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Hopper, Keith Roderick] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduct Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Fauvergue, X (reprint author), UNSA Interact Biot & Sante Vegetale, CNRS, INRA, UMR 1301, 400 Routes Chappes,BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. EM xavier.fauvergue@sophia.inra.fr; Keith.Hopper@ars.usda.gov RI fauvergue, xavier/B-9108-2012 OI fauvergue, xavier/0000-0002-3579-7721 NR 57 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 385 EP 397 DI 10.1007/s10144-009-0147-3 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 451RB UT WOS:000266486500005 ER PT J AU Yamanaka, T Liebhold, AM AF Yamanaka, Takehiko Liebhold, Andrew M. TI Spatially implicit approaches to understand the manipulation of mating success for insect invasion management SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allee effect; Male annihilation; Mating-disruption; Mass-trapping; Random mating model; Sterile insect release ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PEST-CONTROL; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MALE ANNIHILATION; SEX-PHEROMONE; ERADICATION; MODELS; LYMANTRIIDAE; POPULATIONS; DISRUPTION AB Recent work indicates that Allee effects (the positive relationship between population size and per capita growth rate) are critical in determining the successful establishment of invading species. Allee effects may create population thresholds, and failure to establish is likely if invading populations fall below these thresholds. There are many mechanisms that may contribute to Allee effects, but mate-location failure is a common cause in sexually reproducing insects. Consequently, mate-location failure represents a type of "weak link" that may be enhanced in order to achieve eradication of insect populations during the early stages of invasion. In this paper, spatially implicit models that account for mating behavior of both sexes are used to explore the enhancement of mate-location failure in pest eradication programs. Distinct from the previous studies, the Allee effect emerges from a mechanistic representation of mate-location failure in our model. Three specific eradication strategies, sterile insect release, mass-trapping, and mating disruption, are incorporated into the model and tested for their ability to depress population growth during the early stages of invasions. We conducted simulations with the model parameterized to represent two types of insects: Coleopteran-like insects which are long-lived and capable of multiple matings, but have low daily reproductive rates, and Lepidopteran-like insects which are capable of mating only once per generation, have an ephemeral reproductive stage, and have high reproductive rates. Simulations indicated that: (1) many insect pests are more likely to be eradicated than had been previously predicted by classic models which do not account for mate-finding difficulties, (2) for Lepidopteran-like insects, mass-trapping has the greatest potential for eradication among the three methods when a large number of traps can be installed, although mating-disruption will be the most effective if we can anticipate confusion or trail-masking mechanisms of disruption, and (3) populations of Coleopteran-like insects may be most effectively eradicated using the sterile male release method. Though more detailed models should be tailored for individual species, we expect that the spatially implicit approaches outlined in this paper can be widely adapted to study the efficiency of various eradication approaches in sparse conditions. C1 [Yamanaka, Takehiko] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Biodivers Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Yamanaka, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Biodivers Div, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. EM apple@affrc.go.jp RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 56 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 427 EP 444 DI 10.1007/s10144-009-0155-3 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 451RB UT WOS:000266486500009 ER PT J AU Whitaker, BD Villalobos-Acuna, M Mitcham, EJ Mattheis, JP AF Whitaker, Bruce D. Villalobos-Acuna, Max Mitcham, Elizabeth J. Mattheis, James P. TI Superficial scald susceptibility and alpha-farnesene metabolism in 'Bartlett' pears grown in California and Washington SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pear fruit; Pyrus communis; alpha-farnesene; Conjugated trienols; Ethylene; Superficial scald ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; TRIENE OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; GRANNY-SMITH APPLES; STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE 1-MCP; CONJUGATED TRIENOLS; DANJOU PEARS; ETHYLENE; FRUIT AB 'Bartlett' pears grown in northern California (CA) consistently show development of the physiological storage disorder superficial scald, particularly after prolonged storage of 4-5 months in air. In contrast, fruit of this cultivar grown in central Washington (WA) are typically less susceptible to scald, exhibiting mild or no symptoms. Conjugated triene (CT) oxidation products of the sesquiterpene alpha-farnesene are thought to play a key role in scald induction in apples and pears. This study compared accumulation of alpha-farnesene and its CT products in peel tissue of CA- and WA-grown 'Bartlett' pears during air storage at -1 degrees C in relation to scald development after transfer to 20 degrees C. Pears were harvested from commercial orchards in 2006 and 2007 and stored under nearly identical conditions for up to 24 weeks. Peel tissue samples taken at harvest and at 2-4-week interval during storage were analyzed by HPLC to determine concentrations of alpha-farnesene and CTs. Measurements of flesh firmness, respiration, and ethylene production were also made at harvest and/or from 1 to 8 d after removal from storage to 20 degrees C. WA fruit from the second harvest in 2006 developed light superficial scald after 20 weeks of cold storage plus 5 d at 20 degrees C; all others were scald-free. By contrast, all CA fruit from both seasons showed light scald after 12-14 weeks, and moderate scald after 20-24 weeks, plus shelf life. Correspondingly, alpha-farnesene and CTs accumulated more rapidly and on average reached about twofold higher concentrations in CA compared with WA fruit over the first 8-12 weeks of storage. CA fruit also had an earlier rise in ethylene production, higher respiratory rates, and lower flesh firmness at harvest than WA fruit. These suggest advanced maturity, which may have contributed to the increased rates of alpha-farnesene synthesis and oxidation, and higher incidence of scald. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Whitaker, Bruce D.] ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Villalobos-Acuna, Max; Mitcham, Elizabeth J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mattheis, James P.] ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 002,Rm 117,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bruce.whitaker@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.04.002 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 465JP UT WOS:000267579900006 ER PT J AU Park, SW Burnham, MR Branton, SL Gerard, PD Womack, SK Peebles, ED AF Park, S. W. Burnham, M. R. Branton, S. L. Gerard, P. D. Womack, S. K. Peebles, E. D. TI Influence of supplemental dietary poultry fat on the performance of commercial layers inoculated before or at the onset of lay with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; inoculation; layer; performance; poultry fat ID DUAL INFECTION; EGG-PRODUCTION; HENS; AGE; 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; SYNOVIAE; OVERLAYS; QUALITY; PHYTASE; CYCLE AB The effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) inoculation and 1.5% supplemental dietary poultry fat (PF) on the performance of commercial layers between 20 and 58 wk of age were investigated. Sham and FMG inoculations were administered at 12 (before lay) and 22 (early in lay) wk and dietary treatments (basal control diets and basal control diets with 1.5% supplemental PF) were initiated at 20 wk of age. Mortality at wk 47 and 53 was greatest in birds inoculated with FMG at 22 wk. Feed consumption from 20 to 23 and from 52 to 55 wk of age was greater in birds that were inoculated with FMG (12 or 22 wk). However, feed consumption decreased in birds that were inoculated at 12 wk (sham or FMG) when 1.5% supplemental PF was added to the diet. Percentage of total egg production (EP) between 22 and 58 wk of age was highest in hens that were inoculated with FMG at 22 wk. Furthermore, weekly EP increased at wk 27 and 58 and decreased at wk 47 after birds had been inoculated with FMG (12 or 22 wk), and increased at 22 wk and decreased at 54 wk when inoculations (sham or FMG) were given at 22 wk. Egg weight was increased at wk 29, 31, 39, 40, 42, 44, 53, and 58 in birds that were inoculated with FMG (12 or 22 wk); however, there were no coherent treatment effects on eggshell quality. An FMG inoculation at 22 wk may promote total EP through 58 wk, whereas the inoculation of commercial layers with FMG (12 or 22 wk) may increase subsequent feed consumption during the early and late stages of EP and increase egg weight throughout lay. However, the supplementation of hen diets with 1.5% PF beginning at 20 wk of age may reduce subsequent feed consumption throughout lay in birds having experienced a prelay (12 wk) inoculation. C1 [Park, S. W.; Burnham, M. R.; Womack, S. K.; Peebles, E. D.] ARS, Dept Poultry Sci, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.] ARS, Poultry Res Unit, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), ARS, Dept Poultry Sci, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1365 EP 1372 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00015 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 462ST UT WOS:000267377600005 PM 19531705 ER PT J AU Chen, M Payne, WS Dunn, JR Chang, S Zhang, HM Hunt, HD Dodgson, JB AF Chen, M. Payne, W. S. Dunn, J. R. Chang, S. Zhang, H. M. Hunt, H. D. Dodgson, J. B. TI Retroviral delivery of RNA interference against Marek's disease virus in vivo SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RNA interference; retroviral vector; Marek's disease virus; short hairpin micro-RNA; gallid herpesvirus type 2 ID LEUKOSIS-SARCOMA VIRUSES; HAIRPIN-RNA; REPLICATION; INHIBITION; CHICKEN; VECTOR; SYSTEM; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTION; SEQUENCES AB The process of RNA interference (RNAi) has been exploited in cultured chicken cells and in chick embryos to assess the effect of specific gene inhibition on phenotypes related to development and disease. We previously demonstrated that avian leukosis virus-based retroviral vectors are capable of delivering effective RNAi against Marek's disease virus (MDV) in cell culture. In this study, similar RNAi vectors are shown to reduce the replication of MDV in live chickens. Retroviral vectors were introduced into d 0 chick embryos, followed by incubation until hatching. Chicks were challenged with 500 pfu of strain 648A MDV at day of hatch, followed by assays for viremia at 14 d postinfection. Birds were monitored for signs of Marek's disease for 8 wk. A stem-loop PCR assay was developed to measure siRNA expression levels in birds. Delivery of RNAi co-targeting the MDV gB glycoprotein gene and ICP4 transcriptional regulatory gene significantly reduced MDV viremia in vivo, although to lesser extents than were observed in cell culture. Concomitant reductions in disease incidence also were observed, and the extent of this effect depended on the potency of the MDV challenge virus inoculum. Successful modification of phenotypic traits in live birds with retroviral RNAi vectors opens up the possibility that such approaches could be used to alter the expression of candidate genes hypothesized to influence a variety of quantitative traits including disease susceptibility. C1 [Chen, M.; Payne, W. S.; Dodgson, J. B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dunn, J. R.; Chang, S.; Zhang, H. M.; Hunt, H. D.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Dodgson, JB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM dodgson@msu.edu FU USDA National Research Initiative Competitive [2004-35204-14780] FX This work was supported in part by the USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (2004-35204-14780). We thank the following members of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory (East Lansing, MI): Lucy Lee, Robert Silva, Taejoong Kim, Mohammad Heidari, and Richard Witter for gifts of antibodies, PCR primers, virus stocks, and assistance in viral plaque assays and Evelyn Young for excellent support in animal care and viral challenges. We thank Sheri L. Holmen of the Nevada Cancer Institute (Las Vegas) for advice on vector construction. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1373 EP 1380 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00070 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 462ST UT WOS:000267377600006 PM 19531706 ER PT J AU Nichols, TA Pulford, B Wyckoff, AC Meyerett, C Michel, B Gertig, K Hoover, EA Jewell, JE Telling, GC Zabel, MD AF Nichols, T. A. Pulford, Bruce Wyckoff, A. Christy Meyerett, Crystal Michel, Brady Gertig, Kevin Hoover, Edward A. Jewell, Jean E. Telling, Glenn C. Zabel, Mark D. TI Detection of protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a CWD-endemic area SO PRION LA English DT Article DE prions; chronic wasting disease; water; environment; serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MISFOLDING CYCLIC AMPLIFICATION; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; INFECTIOUS PRIONS; IN-VITRO; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SCRAPIE PRION; TRANSMISSION; PARTICLES; BLOOD AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the only known transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting free-ranging wildlife. Although the exact mode of natural transmission remains unknown, substantial evidence suggests that prions can persist in the environment, implicating components thereof as potential prion reservoirs and transmission vehicles.(1-4) CWD-positive animals may contribute to environmental prion load via decomposing carcasses and biological materials including saliva, blood, urine and feces. 5-7 Sensitivity limitations of conventional assays hamper evaluation of environmental prion loads in soil and water. Here we show the ability of serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) to amplify a 1.3 x 10(-7) dilution of CWD-infected brain homogenate spiked into water samples, equivalent to approximately 5 x 10(7) protease resistant cervid prion protein (PrPCWD) monomers. We also detected PrPCWD in one of two environmental water samples from a cWD endemic area collected at a time of increased water runoff from melting winter snow pack, as well as in water samples obtained concurrently from the flocculation stage of water processing by the municipal water treatment facility. Bioassays indicated that the PrPCWD detected was below infectious levels. These data demonstrate detection of very low levels of PrPCWD in the environment by sPMCA and suggest persistence and accumulation of prions in the environment that may promote CWD transmission. C1 [Nichols, T. A.; Pulford, Bruce; Wyckoff, A. Christy; Meyerett, Crystal; Michel, Brady; Hoover, Edward A.; Zabel, Mark D.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nichols, T. A.; Wyckoff, A. Christy] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Gertig, Kevin] Ft Collins Util, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Jewell, Jean E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Telling, Glenn C.] Univ Kentucky, Sanders Brown Ctr Aging, Dept Microbiol Immunol Mol Genet & Neurol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RP Zabel, MD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mark.zabel@colostate.edu FU North American Deer Farmers Association; Colorado Section of the American Water Resources Association; City of Fort Collins Water Board; Colorado State University College Research Council and Infectious Disease Initiative FX The authors thank the North American Deer Farmers Association, the Colorado Section of the American Water Resources Association, the City of Fort Collins Water Board and the Colorado State University College Research Council and Infectious Disease Initiative. We thank Tom Holley and Les Nichols for help with water collections, Kathleen Ganzer, Judy Billica and Grant Jones for help with water quality analyses and Terry Spraker for CWD- infected brain samples, technical assistance and advice. NR 45 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 16 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 171 EP 183 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 506UQ UT WOS:000270802300008 PM 19823039 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI A NEW SPECIES OF PYCNODERIELLA (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE: BRYOCORINAE: ECCRITOTARSINAE) FROM THE WEST INDIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Hemiptera; new species; Cuba; Jamaica; relationships AB The new eccritotarsine plant bug Pycnoderiella insularis, n. sp., is described from Cuba and Jamaica and compared with the type species of Pycnoderiella Henry, P. virginiana Henry, known from only a restricted coastal area of Virginia, in the eastern United States. Color dorsal and lateral adult images, illustrations of male genitalia, and a key are provided to facilitate recognition. The relationship of Pycnoderiella with other New World eccritotarsine Bryocorinae is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 603 EP 608 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.3.603 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 481UZ UT WOS:000268838800006 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Lewis, TM AF Horton, David R. Lewis, Tamera M. TI ANTHOCORIS CONFUSUS COLLECTED FROM WESTERN WASHINGTON STATE, WITH A SUMMARY OF NORTH AMERICAN RECORDS (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE introduced species; true bugs; Fagus; Tilia; Anthocoris nemoralis; Campyloneura virgula; Orthotylus nassatus; Deraeocoris fasciolus ID UNITED-STATES; TRUE BUGS; CANADA; MIRIDAE; LASIOCHILIDAE; LYCTOCORIDAE; ISLANDS AB The predatory true bug Anthocoris confusus Reuter is native to Europe and Asia. Scattered records for this species in North America date from 1929. In 2007-2008, we collected adults and nymphs of A. confusus from deciduous trees in western Washington State. This is the second North American record for A. conj sus from west of the Rocky Mountains, and is the First record from the western United States. Specimens were collected from European beech (Fagus sylvatica; Fagaceae) and linden (Tilia sp.; Tiliaceae). The linden trees were heavily infested with the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae. The presence of adult and immature bugs, and the occurrence of the species at the collecting site in consecutive years, suggests that A. confusus is established at this location. We summarize North American records for A. confusus, briefly discuss host plant records, and list traits used to separate A. confusus from other Anthocoris spp. Additional predatory Heteroptera collected from linden and European beech included three other Old World species, Anthocoris nemoralis (Anthocoridae), Campyloneura virgula (Miridae), and Orthotylus nassatus (Miridae), as well as one native species, Deraeocoris fasciolus (Miridae); the record for O. nassatus is the first for this species from western North America. C1 [Horton, David R.; Lewis, Tamera M.] USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM david.horton@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 609 EP 616 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.3.609 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 481UZ UT WOS:000268838800007 ER PT J AU Kula, RR Martinez, JJ Walsh, GC AF Kula, Robert R. Jose Martinez, Juan Cabrera Walsh, Guillermo TI SUPPLEMENT TO REVISION OF NEW WORLD CHAENUSA HALIDAY SENSU LATO (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: ALYSIINAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Dacnusini; Hydrocharitaceae; Brazilian waterweed; Nearctic; Neotropical; biological control; new records; new species; parasitoid; taxonomy ID DISTRIBUTION RECORDS AB Chaenusa aurantium Kula and Martinez, new species and Chaenusa steineri Kula, new species, both from the Neotropical Region, are described. The former species was reared from an undescribed species of Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Ephydridae) in Argentina under evaluation for control of Egeria densa (Planch.) (Alismatales: Hydrocharitaceae), Brazilian waterweed, in the United States. Chaenusa pallidinervis (Brethes), also from the Neotropical Region, is redescribed. New distribution records are reported for Chaenusa americana (Riegel), Chaenusa bergi (Riegel), Chaenusa quadriceps (Ashmead), Chaenusa trumani Kula, Chaenusa whartoni Kula, and Chaenusa woolleyi Kula from the Nearctic Region, as well as Chaenusa ireneae Kula from the Neotropical Region. These data supplement a recently published revision of New World Chaenusa Haliday sensu lato. C1 [Kula, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Jose Martinez, Juan] Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Div Entomol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Cabrera Walsh, Guillermo] USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov; jjmartinez@.macn.gov.ar; gcabrera@speedy.com.ar NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 641 EP 655 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.3.641 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 481UZ UT WOS:000268838800010 ER PT J AU Linzmeier, AM Konstantinov, AS AF Linzmeier, Adelita M. Konstantinov, Alexander S. TI A NEW GENUS OF FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) FROM THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Alticini; new species; Parana; PROFAUPAR AB Deciplatus, a new genus of Monoplatina with two new species (D. jundiaiensis and D. nigritus), from the south of Brazil is described and illustrated. Deciplatus is compared to Ulrica Scherer and Laselva Furth. Use of the name Monoplatina is clarified. C1 [Linzmeier, Adelita M.] Univ Fed Parana, Lab Sistemat & Bioecol Coleoptera Insecta, Dept Zool, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Konstantinov, Alexander S.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Linzmeier, AM (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Lab Sistemat & Bioecol Coleoptera Insecta, Dept Zool, Caixa Postal 19020, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM alinzmeier@yahoo.com.br; alex.konstantinov@ars.usda.gov RI Linzmeier, Adelita/A-9239-2013 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) FX We thank Dr. Renato C. Marinoni (Departamento de Zoologia - Universidade Federal do Parana) for providing the material, Dr. Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa for support and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) for granting a Doctoral Fellowship to the first author. We are grateful to D. Nickle and A. L. Norrbom (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Washington, DC) and C. Staines (Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC) for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript and providing valuable suggestions. This research represents contribution n degrees. 1,786 of the Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 656 EP 665 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.3.656 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 481UZ UT WOS:000268838800011 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI THREE NEW CRYPTIC SPECIES WITHIN THE DARGIDA PROCINCTUS (GROTE) COMPLEX (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE: HADENINAE) FROM THE NEOTROPICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE host plants; new species; New World; taxonomy ID LIRIOMYZA-HUIDOBRENSIS DIPTERA; DNA BARCODES; SKIPPER BUTTERFLIES; AGROMYZIDAE; GENUS AB Based on morphological analysis, the species Dargida procinctus (Grote), currently considered to be widespread from Canada to Bolivia, is found to include three previously unrecognized species: Dargida spinicassida, n. sp., from northern Mexico; Dargida juxta, n. sp., from southern Mexico and Costa Rica; and Dargida lilium, n. sp., from Bolivia. Adults and male and female genitalia of all four species are illustrated. Dargida grammivora Walker and Dargida meridionalis (Hampson) are closely related species that could be confused with those of the Dargida procinctus complex. Adults and male and female genitalia of these are illustrated for comparison. A key is provided for differentiation of these six closely related species. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,NMNH,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 686 EP 697 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.3.686 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 481UZ UT WOS:000268838800013 ER PT J AU Yang, A Brown, JW AF Yang, April Brown, John W. TI VARIATION IN THE FEMALE FRENULUM IN TORTRICIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) PART 1. CHLIDANOTINAE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Chlidanotini; Hilarographini; Polyorthini; phylogenetic relationships; character variation AB This paper, treating the tortricid subfamily Chlidanotinae (comprised of Chlidanotini, Hilarographini, and Polyorthini), represents the first in a proposed three-part series examining variation in the number of bristles in the frenulum of female tortricid moths. Based on an examination of 86 described species and I I undescribed species representing 31 genera of Chlidanotinae, the vast majority of females of Chlidanotini and Hilarographini have a two-bristled frenulum, whereas a three-bristled frenulum is the more common state in Polyorthini. When the character states are mapped on a composite, schematic phylogeny of the subfamily, the change from three to two bristles appears to have evolved once at the base of the Chlidanotini + Hilarographini clade and twice within Polyorthini. The consistency of this character within Chlidanotini and Hilarographini provides further evidence for the exclusion of Mictocommosis Diakonoff, Mictopsichia Hubner, and Tortrimosaica Brown and Baixeras from Hilarographini. The distribution of the two-bristled frenulum in Polyorthini appears to support one major clade identified by Razowski (i.e., Ardeutica Meyrick, Polyortha Dognin, Pseudatteria Walsingham, Polythora Razowski), plus one outlier, Cnephasitis Razowski. In the monotypic Olindia schumacherana (Fabricus), five of 18 representatives examined had two bristles, whereas the remainder had three. Minor deviations from this pattern appear to represent intraspecific variation. Preliminary investigations of the character in other tortricid subfamilies suggest a high degree of variation within tribes, genera, and species, with asymmetry common in many individuals. In contrast to the situation in most tortricid taxa, we conclude that variation in the number of bristles in the frenulum is phylogenetically informative in Chlidanotinae. C1 [Yang, April] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Environm Biol, Div Organisms & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, John W.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Yang, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Environm Biol, Div Organisms & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lirpa.gnay@gmail.com; john.brown@ars.usda.gov FU Smithsonian Women's Committee FX We thank Eugenie Phillips and Jose Montero for allowing us to examine material at INBio. Marianne Horak provided information on specimens of Apura deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia. Eugenie Phillips provided information on specimens of Biclonunearia sp. and Pseudocomotis nortena deposited in INBio. Jadranka Rota provided assistance with the graphics. The following provided helpful reviews of the manuscript: Joaquin Baixeras, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de Valencia, Spain; and Stuart McKamey and Thomas Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, U.S.A. The Smithsonian Women's Committee provided funding for a Smithsonian Institution Research Training Program internship for April Yang, during which this research was conducted. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.3.743 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 481UZ UT WOS:000268838800019 ER PT J AU Kment, P Henry, TJ Fryda, J AF Kment, Petr Henry, Thomas J. Fryda, Jiri TI Neostusakia, a New Name for Preoccupied Stusakia Kment and Henry, 2008 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Berytidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kment, Petr] Natl Museum, Dept Entomol, CZ-14800 Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Henry, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Fryda, Jiri] Czech Geol Survey, CZ-11821 Prague 1, Czech Republic. [Fryda, Jiri] CULS, Fac Environm Sci, Prague 16521 6, Czech Republic. RP Kment, P (reprint author), Natl Museum, Dept Entomol, Kunratice 1, CZ-14800 Prague 4, Czech Republic. EM sigara@post.cz; thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov; bellerophon@seznam.cz RI Fryda, Jiri/C-3319-2008 OI Fryda, Jiri/0000-0003-2410-3293 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 755 EP 756 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.3.755 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 481UZ UT WOS:000268838800021 ER PT J AU Barnes, AJ AF Barnes, A. James TI Implementing Presidential Policy Agendas Administratively: A View from the Inside SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Drawing on his experience in a variety of positions over 40 years, the author details a wide range of variables that are involved in implementing presidential policy, including (1) the nature, origin, and validity of the presidential policy agendas and how they are communicated; (2) the background, experience, and relationships of the appointee; (3) the internal agency context; and (4) the larger political and social context. The author concludes that the large number of variables makes it very difficult-if not impossible-to produce a coherent, useful set of guidelines for appointees that will have utility across the board. Rather, implementation often requires individually nuanced responses. At the same time, the author concludes that the documented experiences of appointees in similar circumstances can serve as useful reference points for the future. C1 [Barnes, A. James] USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Barnes, A. James] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM barnesaj@indiana.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 69 IS 4 BP 586 EP 594 PG 9 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 467QE UT WOS:000267756200003 ER PT J AU Shuttleworth, WJ Serrat-Capdevila, A Roderick, ML Scott, RL AF Shuttleworth, W. James Serrat-Capdevila, Aleix Roderick, Michael L. Scott, Russell L. TI On the theory relating changes in area-average and pan evaporation SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE climate change; global dimming; complementary evaporation; evaporation paradox ID POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EQUILIBRIUM EVAPORATION; REGIONAL EVAPORATION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; SOLAR-RADIATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE; RECHARGE; TRENDS; SURFACE AB Theory relating changes in area-average evaporation with changes in the evaporation from pans or open water is developed. Such changes can arise by Type (a) processes related to large-scale changes in atmospheric concentrations and circulation that modify surface evaporation rates in the same direction, and Type (b) processes related to coupling between the surface and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) at the landscape scale that usually modify area-average evaporation and pan evaporation in different directions. The interrelationship between evaporation rates in response to Type (a) changes is derived. They have the same sign and broadly similar magnitude but the change in area-average evaporation is modified by surface resistance. As an alternative to assuming the complementary evaporation hypothesis, the results of previous modelling studies that investigated surface-atmosphere coupling are parametrized and used to develop a theoretical description of Type (b) coupling via vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in the ABL. The interrelationship between appropriately normalized pan and area-average evaporation rates is shown to vary with temperature and wind speed but, on average, the Type (b) chances are approximately equal and opposite. Long-term Australian pan evaporation data are analyzed to demonstrate the simultaneous presence of Type (a) and (b) processes, and observations from three field sites in southwestern USA show support for the theory describing Type (b) coupling via VPD. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Shuttleworth, W. James; Serrat-Capdevila, Aleix] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, SAHRA, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Shuttleworth, W. James] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Joint Ctr Hydrometeorol Res, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Roderick, Michael L.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Roderick, Michael L.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Shuttleworth, WJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, SAHRA, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jshuttle@hwr.arizona.edu RI Roderick, Michael/C-9621-2009; Serrat-Capdevila, Aleix/O-6227-2014 OI Roderick, Michael/0000-0002-3630-7739; FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9876800, DEB-0415977]; JCHMR (Joint Centre for Hydro-Meteorological Research) at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK; Australian Research Council [DP0879763] FX This work was supported by SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation, Agreement No. EAR-9876800 and NSF award DEB-0415977, and by JCHMR (Joint Centre for Hydro-Meteorological Research) at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK. MLR acknowledges the support of the Australian Research Council (DP0879763). NR 63 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 135 IS 642 BP 1230 EP 1247 DI 10.1002/qj.434 PN A PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 485XG UT WOS:000269158000009 ER PT J AU Prichard, SJ Gedalof, Z Oswald, WW Peterson, DL AF Prichard, Susan J. Gedalof, Ze'ev Oswald, W. Wyatt Peterson, David L. TI Holocene fire and vegetation dynamics in a montane forest, North Cascade Range, Washington, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pacific Northwest; North Cascades Range; Vegetation history; Fire history; Lake sediment charcoal; Holocene ID SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLLEN REPRESENTATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LATE QUATERNARY; LAKE-SEDIMENT; MOUNT-RAINIER; HISTORY; CANADA; PALEOECOLOGY AB We reconstructed a 10,500-yr fire and vegetation history of a montane site in the North Cascade Range, Washington State based on lake sediment charcoal, macrofossil and pollen records. High-resolution sampling and abundant macrofossils made it possible to analyze relationships between fire and vegetation. During the early Holocene (>10,500 to ca. 8000 cal yr BP) forests were subalpine woodlands dominated by Pinus contorta. Around 8000 cal yr BP, P. contorta sharply declined in the macrofossil record. Shade tolerant, mesic species first appeared ca. 4500 cal yr BP. Cupressus nootkatensis appeared most recently at 2000 cal yr BP. Fire frequency varies throughout the record, with significantly shorter mean fire return intervals in the early Holocene than the mid and late Holocene, Charcoal peaks are significantly correlated with an initial increase in macrofossil accumulation rates followed by a decrease, likely corresponding to tree mortality following fire. Climate appears to be a key driver in vegetation and fire regimes over millennial time scales. Fire and other disturbances altered forest vegetation at shorter time scales, and vegetation may have mediated local fire regimes. For example, dominance of P. contorta in the early Holocene forests may have been reinforced by its Susceptibility to frequent, stand-replacing fire events. (C) 2009 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Prichard, Susan J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gedalof, Ze'ev] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Oswald, W. Wyatt] Emerson Coll, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Prichard, SJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sprich@u.washington.edu; zgedalof@uoguelph.ca; W_Wyatt_Oswald@emerson.edu; peterson@fs.fed.us FU Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program; USGS Global Change Program; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank James Agee, Linda Brubaker, Douglas Hallett, Phil Higuera, and Dan Gavin and three anonymous reviewers for comments on this manuscript. Michael Case, Paige Eagle, Dan Gavin, Phil Higuera, Robert Norheim, Jason Smith, Douglas Sprugel, Wendy Sugimura, and many members of the Fire and Mountain Ecology Lab assisted with field, laboratory work and data analysis. Research was supported by the Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program, USGS Global Change Program and USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. This manuscript is a contribution of the Western Mountain Initiative. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 72 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2009.03.008 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 460ZG UT WOS:000267231300006 ER PT J AU Liang, Y Han, GD Zhou, H Zhao, ML Snyman, HA Shan, D Havstad, KA AF Liang, Yan Han, Guodong Zhou, He Zhao, Mengli Snyman, Hennie A. Shan, Dan Havstad, Kris A. TI Grazing Intensity on Vegetation Dynamics of a Typical Steppe in Northeast Inner Mongolia SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Inner Mongolia grasslands; forage utilization; grazed ecosystem; plant-herbivore interactions ID SEMIARID SOUTH-AFRICA; RANGELAND DEGRADATION; RECOVERY PROCESSES; CENTRAL AUSTRALIA; ECOSYSTEM; GRASSLANDS; PRECIPITATION; PRODUCTIVITY; PHYTOMASS; DIVERSITY AB Vegetation features radiating from residential areas in response to livestock grazing were quantified for an arid steppe rangeland in the Keshiketeng Banner, Chifeng Prefecture, in northeastern Inner Mongolia in 2004 and 2006. The aim of this study was to estimate grazing impacts on the vegetation dynamics of these historical grazed ecosystems. Grazing intensities were classified as reference area (RA), light (LG), moderate (MG), arid heavy (HG) according to the vegetation utilization across the study area. Rangelands were studied along a grazing gradient, where characteristics of plant communities, heights of dominant species, aboveground vertical structures, and belowground biomass were investigated. Along this grazing gradient, vegetation changed from the original dominant plant species Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. to a semi-subshrub species Artemisia frigida Willd. when moving from the reference area (RA) to the region around the settlement. Canopy coverage, aboveground productivity, and the number of perennial species declined as one moved toward the residential area. Heights of five dominant species, except for Stipa grandis P. Smirn., declined with increased grazing intensity. Aboveground vertical structure in the RA treatment showed more resilience than the other treatments. There was no difference in root biomass in the top 1 in of soil (P > 0.05) between the RA treatment and the area immediately around settlement (HG treatment). Generally, we found that the intensity of grazing disturbance did not exceed the tolerance of the rangeland ecosystem within LG treatment. However, vegetative conditions in HG treatment became worse with increased grazing pressure. Rangelands in this arid steppe are under tremendous threat due to excessive forage utilization, which cannot be considered a sustainable practice. C1 [Liang, Yan; Zhou, He] China Agr Univ, Dept Grassland Sci, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Han, Guodong; Zhao, Mengli; Shan, Dan] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Snyman, Hennie A.] Univ Free State, Dept Anim Wildlife & Grassland Sci, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. [Havstad, Kris A.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Dept Grassland Sci, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM zhouhe@cau.edu.cn RI han, guodong/A-2303-2013 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 20 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 62 IS 4 BP 328 EP 336 DI 10.2111/08-167.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 473ND UT WOS:000268212800005 ER PT J AU Xiang, BS Yang, XL Thannhauser, T AF Xiang, Bosong Yang, Xiaolong Thannhauser, Theodore TI Protein N- and C-termini identification using mass spectrometry and isotopic labeling SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Letter ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PROTEOMIC ERA; PEPTIDES C1 [Xiang, Bosong] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Yang, Xiaolong] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thannhauser, Theodore] USDA ARS, RWH Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Xiang, BS (reprint author), Monsanto Co, 800 N Lindbergh Blvd, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. EM bosong.xiang@monsanto.com NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 23 IS 13 BP 2102 EP 2106 DI 10.1002/rcm.4096 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 463US UT WOS:000267458300027 PM 19489021 ER PT J AU Sabatini, GA Ribolla, PEM Barros, ATM Guerrero, FD Schumaker, TTS AF Sabatini, Gustavo A. Ribolla, Paulo E. M. Barros, Antonio T. M. Guerrero, Felix D. Schumaker, Terezinha T. S. TI Knockdown resistance in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in Brazil SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA LA English DT Article DE Haematobia irritans; horn fly; resistance; pyrethroid ID SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; COCKROACHES BLATTELLA-GERMANICA; HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS DIPTERA; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; MULTIPLE ORIGINS; PERMETHRIN; MUTATIONS; FLIES; KDR AB To investigate the kdr (knockdown resistance) resistance-associated gene mutation and determine its frequency in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly (Haematobia irritans) populations, a total of 1,804 horn flies of 37 different populations from all Brazilian regions (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South) were molecular screened through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The kdr gene was not detected in 87.08% of the flies. However, the gene was amplified in 12.92% of the flies, of which 11.70% were resistant heterozygous and 1.22% were resistant homozygous. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was found only in 1 ranch with an excess of heterozygous. When populations were grouped by region, three metapopulations showed significant deviations of HWE (Central-West population, South population and Southeast population). This indicates that populations are isolated one from another and kdr occurrence seems to be an independent effect probably reflecting the insecticide strategy used by each ranch. Although resistance to pyrethroids is disseminated throughout Brazil, only 48% of resistant populations had kdr flies, and the frequency of kdr individuals in each of these resistant populations was quite low. But this study shows that, with the apparent exception of the Northeast region, the kdr mechanism associated with pyrethroid resistance occurs all over Brazil. C1 [Sabatini, Gustavo A.; Schumaker, Terezinha T. S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Parasitol, Inst Ciencias Biomed ICB 2, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ribolla, Paulo E. M.] Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Barros, Antonio T. M.] Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria EMBRAPA, CPAP, Corumba, MS, Brazil. [Guerrero, Felix D.] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX USA. RP Sabatini, GA (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Parasitol, Inst Ciencias Biomed ICB 2, Av Lineu Prestes 1374, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM gasaba@usp.br RI Ribolla, Paulo/B-9122-2012 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRAZILIAN COLL VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY PI SAO PAULO PA C/O ASSISTANT EDITOR AV PROF LINEU PRESTES, 1374, CIDADE UNIVERSITARIA, CEP 05508-900, SAO PAULO, 00000, BRAZIL SN 0103-846X J9 REV BRAS PARASITOL V JI Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 8 EP 14 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 582SC UT WOS:000276618000003 PM 19772769 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Miranda, CHB AF Vogel, Kenneth Paul Miranda, Cesar Heraclides Behling TI Improving grassland profitability in the Mid-continental USA by breeding for improved forage digestibility: lessons learned and applications to South American grasslands SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE digestibility; economics; forage; grasses; pasture; quality ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; SWITCHGRASS POPULATIONS; DIFFERING DIGESTIBILITY; BIG BLUESTEM; YIELD; GENOTYPE; QUALITY; INVITRO AB In the early 1970's research was initiated by the cooperative USDA-ARS and University of Nebraska grass breeding program to develop perennial grasses adapted to the mid-continental USA with improved forage quality. The initial breeding and animal evaluation work focused on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) but has since expanded to several other warm- and cool-season perennial grasses. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) test was selected as the measure of forage quality that was used in the breeding work because of its previous successful application on improving bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). In all of the grass species that we have studied to date, there is genetic variability for IVDMD and forage yield. IVDMD is a heritable trait with narrow sense heritability's ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 which are similar to heritability's for forage yield. If significant improvements or difference in IVDMD (> 1%) can be detected in small plot trials (r=6), differences in cattle gains among experimental strains or cultivars can be demonstrated in grazing trials. Averaged over both cool-and warm-season grasses, a 1% increase in in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) generally leads to a 3.2% increase in average daily gains of beef cattle. Because increased IVDMD generally does not result in a decrease in forage yield, this results in a net increase in animal production per hectare of land. C1 [Vogel, Kenneth Paul] Univ Nebraska, Agr Res Serv ARS USDA Grain, Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Miranda, Cesar Heraclides Behling] Univ Nebraska, Embrapa Labex USA Bioenergy & Embrapa Beef Cattle, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Agr Res Serv ARS USDA Grain, Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, 314 Biochem Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Ken.Vogel@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU REVISTA BRASILEIRA ZOOTECNIA BRAZILIAN JOURNAL ANIMAL SCI PI VICOSA-MG PA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL VICOSA,, 36571-000 VICOSA-MG, BRAZIL SN 1516-3598 J9 REV BRAS ZOOTECN JI Rev. Bras. Zootecn. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 38 BP 160 EP 169 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 521GK UT WOS:000271908200017 ER PT J AU Wilson, AD Baietto, M AF Wilson, Alphus D. Baietto, Manuela TI Applications and Advances in Electronic-Nose Technologies SO SENSORS LA English DT Review DE artificial olfaction; conducting polymers; electronic aroma detection; e-nose ID COMPOSITE VAPOR DETECTORS; SEMICONDUCTOR GAS SENSORS; CONDUCTING POLYMER SENSORS; MAMMALIAN OLFACTORY SYSTEM; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ISOLATES IN-VITRO; CARBON-BLACK; PATTERN-RECOGNITION AB Electronic-nose devices have received considerable attention in the field of sensor technology during the past twenty years, largely due to the discovery of numerous applications derived from research in diverse fields of applied sciences. Recent applications of electronic nose technologies have come through advances in sensor design, material improvements, software innovations and progress in microcircuitry design and systems integration. The invention of many new e-nose sensor types and arrays, based on different detection principles and mechanisms, is closely correlated with the expansion of new applications. Electronic noses have provided a plethora of benefits to a variety of commercial industries, including the agricultural, biomedical, cosmetics, environmental, food, manufacturing, military, pharmaceutical, regulatory, and various scientific research fields. Advances have improved product attributes, uniformity, and consistency as a result of increases in quality control capabilities afforded by electronic-nose monitoring of all phases of industrial manufacturing processes. This paper is a review of the major electronic-nose technologies, developed since this specialized field was born and became prominent in the mid 1980s, and a summarization of some of the more important and useful applications that have been of greatest benefit to man. C1 [Wilson, Alphus D.] USDA Forest Serv, So Hardwoods Lab, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Baietto, Manuela] Univ Milan, Dept Crop Sci, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Wilson, AD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Hardwoods Lab, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM dwilson02@fs.fed.us; manuela.baietto@unimi.it RI Wilson, Alphus/Q-2137-2015 OI Wilson, Alphus/0000-0003-2352-5232 FU Department of Crop Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Vegetable Flower and Fruit Culture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Daniele Bassi (Department of Crop Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy) and Francesco Ferrini (Department of Vegetable Flower and Fruit Culture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy) for providing invaluable financial assistance and international cooperation during previous scientific investigations of several e-nose instrumentations that ultimately made this current review of electronic-nose technologies possible. NR 235 TC 245 Z9 258 U1 27 U2 180 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JUL PY 2009 VL 9 IS 7 BP 5099 EP 5148 DI 10.3390/s90705099 PG 50 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 474XB UT WOS:000268317000005 PM 22346690 ER PT J AU Valadez, AM Lana, CA Tu, SI Morgan, MT Bhunia, AK AF Valadez, Angela M. Lana, Carlos A. Tu, Shu-I Morgan, Mark T. Bhunia, Arun K. TI Evanescent Wave Fiber Optic Biosensor for Salmonella Detection in Food SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; fiber optic sensor; time-resolved fluorescence assay; egg; chicken ID TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; IN-GROUND BEEF; RAPID DETECTION; IMMUNOMAGNETIC CAPTURE; UNITED-STATES; ENTERITIDIS; ANTIBODY; TYPHIMURIUM; OUTBREAK AB Salmonella enterica is a major food-borne pathogen of world-wide concern. Sensitive and rapid detection methods to assess product safety before retail distribution are highly desirable. Since Salmonella is most commonly associated with poultry products, an evanescent wave fiber-optic assay was developed to detect Salmonella in shell egg and chicken breast and data were compared with a time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) assay. Anti-Salmonella polyclonal antibody was immobilized onto the surface of an optical fiber using biotin-avidin interactions to capture Salmonella. Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated antibody (MAb 2F-11) was used as the reporter. Detection occurred when an evanescent wave from a laser (635 nm) excited the Alexa Fluor and the fluorescence was measured by a laser-spectrofluorometer at 710 nm. The biosensor was specific for Salmonella and the limit of detection was established to be 10(3) cfu/mL in pure culture and 10(4) cfu/mL with egg and chicken breast samples when spiked with 10(2) cfu/mL after 2-6 h of enrichment. The results indicate that the performance of the fiber-optic sensor is comparable to TRF, and can be completed in less than 8 h, providing an alternative to the current detection methods. C1 [Valadez, Angela M.; Morgan, Mark T.; Bhunia, Arun K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Mol Food Microbiol Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lana, Carlos A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tu, Shu-I] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhunia, AK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Mol Food Microbiol Lab, 745 Agr Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM valadeza@gmail.com; lanacarlos@yahoo.com.ar; ShuI.Tu@ars.usda.gov; mmorgan@purdue.edu; bhunia@purdue.edu RI Bhunia, Arun/K-7639-2012; OI Bhunia, Arun/0000-0003-3640-1554 FU United States Department of Agriculture [1935-42000-035]; Center for Food Safety and Engineering at Purdue University FX This research was supported through a cooperative agreement with the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture project number 1935-42000-035 and the Center for Food Safety and Engineering at Purdue University. The authors thank Emily Smith and Joe Uknalis from ERRC at Philadelphia, PA, Dori Lin and Aparna Kothapalli from Purdue University, and Giyoung Kim from NAAS, RDA at Republic of Korea for their technical assistance. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 21 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JUL PY 2009 VL 9 IS 7 BP 5810 EP 5824 DI 10.3390/s90705810 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 474XB UT WOS:000268317000043 PM 22346728 ER PT J AU Kao, CC Guntupalli, KK Bandi, V Jahoor, F AF Kao, Christina C. Guntupalli, Kalpalatha K. Bandi, Venkata Jahoor, Farook TI WHOLE-BODY CO2 PRODUCTION AS AN INDEX OF THE METABOLIC RESPONSE TO SEPSIS SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE Sepsis; basal metabolic rate; energy metabolism; isotopes ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; SEPTIC SHOCK; CYTOKINE MEASUREMENTS; INJURY; GLUCOSE; PROTEIN; HOMEOSTASIS; SEVERITY; INSULIN; SCORES AB Whole-body carbon dioxide (CO2) production (RaCO2) is an index of substrate oxidation and energy expenditure; therefore, it may provide information about the metabolic response to sepsis. Using stable isotope techniques, we determined RaCO2 and its relationship to protein and glucose metabolism in medical patients with sepsis and septic shock. Whole-body CO2 production, an index of basal metabolic rate, was measured in 13 patients with sepsis or septic shock and 7 healthy controls using an i.v. infusion of C-13-sodium bicarbonate. Endogenous leucine flux, leucine oxidation, and nonoxidative disposal, indices of whole-body protein breakdown, catabolism, and synthesis, were measured with an infusion of 1-C-13-leucine, and glucose production and clearance were measured with an infusion of H-2(2)-glucose. There was no difference in mean RaCO2 between the patients and controls, but the patients had a wider range of values. The four patients with the lowest RaCO2 died. Protein breakdown and synthesis and glucose production were significantly faster in patients than in controls (P < 0.05). Whole-body CO2 production was positively correlated with protein breakdown (P = 0.001), protein synthesis (P < 0.01), and glucose clearance (P = 0.01). Patients with low metabolic rates (mean - 2 SDs of controls) had slower protein breakdown and decreased glucose clearance compared with patients with high metabolic rates (mean + 2 SDs of controls). Septic patients were both hypometabolic and hypermetabolic. The correlation between RaCO2 and protein breakdown and synthesis as well as glucose clearance suggests that RaCO2 can provide information about substrate metabolism in septic patients. Because hypometabolism was associated with mortality and changes in protein and glucose metabolism in septic patients, it may be a useful clinical indicator of an inadequate metabolic response. C1 [Kao, Christina C.; Jahoor, Farook] Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. [Kao, Christina C.; Guntupalli, Kalpalatha K.; Bandi, Venkata] Baylor Coll Med, Sect Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Kao, CC (reprint author), 1100 Bates St,7th Floor, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ck692121@bcm.tmc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [T32HL007747, M01-RR00188]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6001] FX C.C.K. is supported by the National Institutes of Health (T32HL007747). Work at the General Clinical Research Center is supported by the National Institutes of Health (M01-RR00188). This research is also supported with federal funds from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-6250-6001. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JUL PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181970f32 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 459DU UT WOS:000267081400004 PM 19060787 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Compston, SR West, CP Hernandez-Ramirez, G Gbur, EE Parkin, TB AF Sauer, Thomas J. Compston, Scott R. West, Charles P. Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo Gbur, Edward E. Parkin, Timothy B. TI Nitrous oxide emissions from a bermudagrass pasture: Interseeded winter rye and poultry litter SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nitrous oxide; Interseeded winter rye forage; Poultry litter; Grazed bermudagrass pasture; Soil nitrate ID MANURE-AMENDED SOIL; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; COVER CROP; MANAGED GRASSLANDS; GRAZED GRASSLAND; N2O EMISSION; SWINE MANURE; NITRIC-OXIDE; DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE AB Adequate use of manure in grasslands may constitute an economical means of manure disposal and an abundant source of nutrients for plants; however, excessive nitrogen (N) additions to these soils could create new environmental risks such as increasing nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions. These potentially adverse effects in grasslands may be mitigated by improved management practices. In pasture systems, the combined effects of poultry litter applications and interseeded rye (Secale cereale L) on N(2)O emissions are still not well established, This study was conducted to estimate the magnitude of soil surface N(2)O fluxes as affected by interseeded winter rye forage, annually spring-applied composted turkey litter as well as by weather and soil parameters. Fluxes were measured by vented chambers during 2 yr in a bermudagrass (Cynodon dacrylon [L] Pers.) pasture in moderately well-drained Tonti gravelly silt loam (fine-loamy, active, mesic Typic Fragiuclault) located in northwestern Arkansas, USA. During the 60 d following turkey litter applications, N(2)O fluxes were frequently well correlated with soil nitrate (NO(3)(-); r: up to 0.82, P's < 0.05) implying substrate stimulation on soil N(2)O production. Likewise, rainfall patterns strongly influenced N(2)O fluxes. Large rainfalls of 91 and 32 mm occurred within 6 d prior to the maximum N(2)O flux means (263 and 290 mu g N m(-2) h(-1), respectively). Treatment effects on N(2)O emissions were significant only in spring periods following manure addition, particularly in the second year of our study. In the spring of 2000, additions of composted turkey litter resulted in 1.5-fold increase in seasonal cumulative N(2)O emissions (P = 0.04) which was directly associated to a numerically greater soil NO. In the spring of 2001, soils planted to rye exhibited a pronounced significant effect on mitigating N(2)O emissions (30 vs. 112 mg N m(-2); P = 0.04). During the winter and early spring, rye growth also decreased quantities of both soil NO(3)(-) and water-filled pore space (WFPS) partly accounting for the lower N(2)O emissions in these fields. These results suggest that because poultry litter additions increased and interseeded rye diminished N(2)O emissions, the combined implementation of both management practices can produce environmental benefits while sustaining productivity in temperate pasture systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sauer, Thomas J.; Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo; Parkin, Timothy B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Compston, Scott R.; West, Charles P.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Gbur, Edward E.] Univ Arkansas, Agr Stat Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Hernandez-Ramirez, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM guillermo.hernandez@ars.usda.gov RI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/I-5429-2013 OI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/0000-0001-8225-5813 NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1417 EP 1424 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.03.019 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 467XB UT WOS:000267775300006 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Rice, CP Zasada, IA AF Meyer, Susan L. F. Rice, Clifford P. Zasada, Inga A. TI DIBOA: Fate in soil and effects on root-knot nematode egg numbers SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Benzoxazinoid; Cover crop; DIBOA; 2,4-Dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one; Green manure; Meloidogyne incognita; Root-knot nematode; Rye; Secale cereale ID WINTER COVER CROPS; RYE SECALE-CEREALE; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; PHYTOTOXIC ALLELOCHEMICALS; BENZOXAZINOIDS; WHEAT; BENZOXAZOLINONE; POPULATIONS; DERIVATIVES AB The benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) is produced by rye (Secale cereale) and may contribute to plant-parasitic nematode suppression when rye plants are incorporated as a green manure. We investigated the fate of DIBOA in soil and DIBOA's effects on nematode reproduction. Soil in plastic bags was treated with DIBOA at concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 18 mu g g(-1) dry soil, and with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Control soils were treated with water or with 0.31% methanol, with or without nematodes. DIBOA concentrations extracted from the soil were measured at selected times for 5 consecutive days. The soil from each bag was then placed into a pot in the greenhouse, and a cucumber seedling was transplanted into each pot. Five weeks later, only the highest DIBOA concentration, 18 mu g g(-1) soil, reduced nematode egg numbers. At 0 h, DIBOA measured in soil ranged from 19.68 to 35.51% of the initial DIBOA concentration, and was dependent on the concentration added to the soil. DIBOA half-life was from 18 to 22 h, and very little DIBOA was present in soil after 120 h. identified breakdown products accounted for only 4% at maximum of the initially added DIBOA. The results of our study demonstrate that high soil concentrations of DIBOA are necessary to suppress M. incognita: DIBOA may not be a major factor in nematode suppression by a rye cover crop. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Meyer, Susan L. F.; Zasada, Inga A.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rice, Clifford P.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Bldg 011A,Room 165B,BARC West,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM susan.l.meyer@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1555 EP 1560 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.016 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 467XB UT WOS:000267775300024 ER PT J AU Yuan, YP Locke, MA Gaston, LA AF Yuan, Yongping Locke, Martin A. Gaston, Lewis A. TI Tillage Effects on Soil Properties and Spatial Variability in Two Mississippi Delta Watersheds SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Tillage; nutrients; phosphorus; nitrogen ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN STORAGE; ORGANIC-CARBON; LOSSES; MANAGEMENT; MEHLICH-3 AB This study evaluated changes in soil properties several years after implementation of conservation measures. Two approximately 50-ha fields within two Mississippi Delta oxbow lake watersheds (Deep Hollow and Beasley) were laid out in 60-m grids. Soil from a tilled cotton field in Deep Hollow watershed was sampled at each node in 1996 and again in 2000 after 4 years of reduced tillage cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crops; soil also was collected from conventional tillage cotton in Beasley Lake watershed in 1996 and again in 2006 from the same grid nodes after 4 years of reduced tillage cotton and 5 years of reduced tillage soybeans. Organic matter levels in the soil surface were higher in both watersheds after conservation tillage was implemented, likely caused by increased plant residue accumulation and limited soil mixing. Higher soil P levels in both watersheds under conservation management were attributed to less distribution in soil because of reduced tillage, Lower NO3-N in Deep Hollow in 2000 suggested N immobilization in the soil surface. Nitrogen was not analyzed for Beasley soil samples. Soil pH values were also higher in the later samplings for both watersheds, but because lime was applied in the interim, it is difficult to ascribe an effect from tillage. Potassium, calcium, and magnesium were higher in 2000 after the 4-year reduced tillage practice in the Deep Hollow watershed. However, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were lower in 2006 than in 1996 at the Beasley Lake watershed because no fertilizer was applied to the field since 2001. Regardless of tillage system, relatively high P levels in soils from both watersheds are indicative of high native soil P levels in the Mississippi Delta soils. Similar to other studies, water-soluble P was positively correlated with Mehlich III P. Spatial relationships of P examined using kriging showed that P data were spatially dependent, and their spatial dependence was impacted by tillage practices. C1 [Yuan, Yongping] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Locke, Martin A.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Gaston, Lewis A.] LSU AgCtr, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 174 IS 7 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181ac679c PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 470VG UT WOS:000268008800004 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT Spokas, KA Baker, JM AF Venterea, Rodney T. Spokas, Kurt A. Baker, John M. TI Accuracy and Precision Analysis of Chamber-Based Nitrous Oxide Gas Flux Estimates SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID N2O; EMISSIONS; MANAGEMENT; ATMOSPHERE; EXCHANGE; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS AB Chamber-based estimates of soil-to-atnaosphere nitrous oxide (N2O)gas flux tend to underestimate actual emission rates due to inherently nonlinear time series data. In theory, this limitation can be minimized by adjusting measurement conditions to reduce nonlinearity and/or by using flux-calculation (FC) schemes that account for the so-called "chamber effect" The current study utilizes gas transport theory and stochastic analysis to evaluate accuracy and precision of N2O flux determinations under specific soil and chamber conditions. The analysis demonstrates that measures taken to increase the absolute accuracy of flux estimates, including shorter deployment times, larger chamber heights, and nonlinear FC schemes, will also increase the variance in flux estimates to an extent that depends on errors associated with sampling techniques and analytical instrument performance. These effects, in the absence of any actual variation in fluxes, can generate coefficients of variation ranging from 3 to 70% depending on measurement conditions. It is also shown that nonlinear FC schemes are prone to generating positively skewed distributions. These effects decrease confidence in N2O flux estimates and inhibit the detection of differences arising from experimental factors. In general, a linear FC scheme will be more likely to detect relative differences in fluxes, although less accurate in absolute terms than nonlinear schemes. The techniques described here have been codified into an accessible spreadsheet-based tool for evaluating accuracy and precision trade-offs under specific measurement conditions. C1 [Venterea, Rodney T.; Spokas, Kurt A.; Baker, John M.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle 439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rod.venterea@ars.usda.gov RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) FX This work was improved based on the suggestions of three anonymous reviewers, and was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) under the ARS GRACEnet Project. NR 29 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 50 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1087 EP 1093 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0307 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 468XY UT WOS:000267859100001 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Ramirez, G Brouder, SM Smith, DR Van Scoyoc, GE Michalski, G AF Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo Brouder, Sylvie M. Smith, Douglas R. Van Scoyoc, George E. Michalski, Greg TI Nitrous Oxide Production in an Eastern Corn Belt Soil: Sources and Redox Range SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; GLOBAL N2O BUDGET; NITRIC-OXIDE; ORGANIC-MATTER; GRASSLAND SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; METHANE; NITRATE; MANURE AB Nitrous oxide derived from soils is a main contributor to the greenhouse gas effect and a precursor to ozone-depleting substrates; however, the source processes and interacting controls are nor well established. This study was conducted to estimate the magnitude and source (nitrification vs. denitrification) of N2O production as affected by the form of N fertilizer, soil water content, and redox potential (Eh). Soils from continuous corn (Zea mays L.) experimental plots with a history of eight consecutive years of either side-dressed urea-NH4NO3 (UAN) or fall liquid swine manure (FM) were collected and N2O evolution was traced in both aerobic and anaerobic incubations using N-15 labeling. Partitioning results were highly variable but suggested that enhanced denitrification occurred after an extreme increase in soil water content (from 45 to 90% water-filled pore space [WFPS]) while a more coupled nitrification-denitrificarion process drove N2O evolution at moderate water content (55% WFPS). Manured soils at high water contents registered shorter duration peaks but with higher overall N2O production rates than those observed at moderate water content (7-d weighted average of 0.61 vs. 0.09 mu g N2O kg(-1) soil h(-1)). Under anoxic conditions, manured soils showed higher N2O production rates than UAN soils (up to 336 and 145 mu g N2O kg(-1) soil h(-1), respectively) shortly after flooding, which coincided with a sharp drop in Eh (from 575 to 466 mV). Irrespective of the N source, a narrow, consistent Eh range for N2O production occurred under moderate reducing conditions (420-575 mV). These results indicate that soils receiving repeated manure application that are subject to intensive, recurrent soil rewetting events may be prone to higher N2O emissions. C1 [Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Brouder, Sylvie M.; Van Scoyoc, George E.] Purdue Univ, Dep Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Smith, Douglas R.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Michalski, Greg] Purdue Univ, Dep Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hernandez-Ramirez, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Guillermo.Hernandez@ars.usda.gov RI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/I-5429-2013 OI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/0000-0001-8225-5813 FU USDA-NRI; Consortium for Agricultural Soils Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases; Department of State (Fulbright Program) FX We thank L. Wright, J. Turner, B. Hofinann, A. De-Campos, S. Oleynik, R. Graef, and D. Bucholtz for their technical assistance, L.D. Norton and C. Huang for facilitating the use of the geobiochemical reactor, and B. Joern for coordinating the manure applications. We acknowledge partial financial support by USDA-NRI (Soil and Soil Biology Program), Consortium for Agricultural Soils Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases (CASMGS), and the Department of State (Fulbright Program). NR 73 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 30 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1182 EP 1191 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0183 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 468XY UT WOS:000267859100014 ER PT J AU Kishne, AS Morgan, CLS Miller, WL AF Kishne, A. Sz. Morgan, C. L. S. Miller, W. L. TI Vertisol Crack Extent Associated with Gilgai and Soil Moisture in the Texas Gulf Coast Prairie SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LINEAR SHRINKAGE CURVE; CLAY SOIL; WATER-FLOW; IN-SITU; VARIABILITY; INFILTRATION; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; CLIMATE; CORES AB Long-term observations of in situ crack formation and closure in shrink-swell soils are rare, but important to understanding hydrology in shrink-swell soils. To analyze spatial and temporal vriability of crack development in a Vertisol with gilgai, soil cracks were measured on a 100-m(2) area of Laewest clay (fine, smectitic, hyperthermic Typic Hapludert) with native tallgrass vegetation on 42 dates from 1989 to 1998. Our objectives were to (i) report the distribution of Vertisol cracking across gilgai in icrotopography; (ii) estimate crack depth as a function of crack width considering gilgai; (iii) investigate the relationship of surface cracking and soil moisture considering gilgai and hysteresis. All surface cracks were mapped on scaled diagrams with width categorized, and some crack depth measured. Gravimetric soil moisture corresponding to crack measurements was measured on 18 dates, and on an additional 32 dates without crack measurements. Drying, wetting, and uniform soil moisture conditions were classified from the difference in soil moisture from 10- to 25-cm depths. Microtopography was quantified using a digital elevation model. Results showed that crack area density was greatest on microhighs and microslopes, though microlows had the largest cracking potential. The linear correlation between crack depth and width was moderately strong (r(2) = 0.5), and not affected significantly by gilgai and hysteresis. However, taking hysteresis into account improved the linear regression models of crack area density versus soil moisture (up to r(2) = 0.69) on both microhighs and microlows. Antecedent soil moisture seemed to impact in situ crack area density. Further field studies are recommended. C1 [Kishne, A. Sz.; Morgan, C. L. S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Miller, W. L.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Victoria, TX 77902 USA. RP Kishne, AS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM akishne@ag.tamu.edu RI Morgan, Cristine`/A-1555-2013 OI Morgan, Cristine`/0000-0001-9836-0669 FU Texas AgriLife Research FX This research was funded by the Texas AgriLife Research and a Cooperative Agreement with the Texas USDA-NRCS. The authors are thankful to Dr. R. Srinivasan and T Snelgrove at Spatial Sciences Laboratory of Texas A&M University for their assistance in digitizing the crack diagrams, and to Drs. J.B. Dixon and L.P Wilding for insightful discussions. The constructive comments on the manuscript by Dr. C.T Hallmark and the anonymous reviewers are appreciated. NR 61 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1221 EP 1230 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0081 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 468XY UT WOS:000267859100018 ER PT J AU Roberts, TL Norman, RJ Slaton, NA Wilson, CE Ross, WJ Bushong, JT AF Roberts, T. L. Norman, R. J. Slaton, N. A. Wilson, C. E., Jr. Ross, W. J. Bushong, J. T. TI Direct Steam Distillation as an Alternative to the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC NITROGEN; CORN; FERTILIZATION; INDEXES; NEED AB Development of the Illinois Soil N Test (ISNT) has rejuvenated the search for a soil-based N test to measure potentially mineralizable soil N. Accurate quantification of amino sugar N has been achieved using the ISNT but issues concerning sample variability and analysis time have led to the discovery of a 10 mol L(-1) NaOH direct steam distillation (DSD) procedure. Our primary objective was to determine if DSD could be used as a reliable alternative to the ISNT Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the two methods based on recovery of N from pure organic compounds, specificity tests to determine amine group hydrolysis, and recovery of (15)N-labeled glucosamine N added to soils. Both methods recovered appreciable amounts of amino sugar N from pure compounds and the ISNT had a higher recovery of N from all amino sugar compounds. Recovery of N from glucamine and asparagine was higher using DSD. Direct (15)N techniques for recovery of glucosamine N added to six soils showed no significant difference between the two methods within a soil, recovery sign but resulted in significant differences among soils. Glucosamine-(15)N recovery positively correlated with soil total N. Although the ISNT and DSD measure different amounts of amino sugar N and transition amino acid N, they recover relatively the same amount of hydrolyzable N for a given soil, indicating that differences between the methods may not be that significant as both appear to quanrify a pool of potentially mineralizable N. Direct steam distillation appears to be a viable alternative to the ISNT in correlation and calibration of crop response for N-fertilizer recommendations due to the short analysis time per sample (similar to 6 min) and the accurate estimation of potentially mineralizable N. C1 [Roberts, T. L.; Norman, R. J.; Slaton, N. A.; Wilson, C. E., Jr.; Ross, W. J.] Univ Arkansas, Crop Soil & Environm Sci Dep, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Bushong, J. T.] USDA NRCS, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Roberts, TL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Crop Soil & Environm Sci Dep, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM tlrobert@uark.edu FU Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board; Rice Foundation FX Appreciation is expressed to the lab and field personnel that assisted with the sampling and analysis for this study. Support for this research was funded by the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board as well as the U.S. Rice Foundation. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1268 EP 1275 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0165 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 468XY UT WOS:000267859100023 ER PT J AU Zhang, GH Liu, YM Han, YF Zhang, XC AF Zhang, Guang-hui Liu, Yu-mei Han, Yan-feng Zhang, X. C. TI Sediment Transport and Soil Detachment on Steep Slopes: I. Transport Capacity Estimation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OVERLAND-FLOW; SHALLOW FLOW; ANSWERS MODEL; EROSION MODEL; TECHNOLOGY; SURFACES; EQUATION AB Precise estimation of sediment transport capacity (T(c)) is critical to the development of physically based erosion models. Few data are available for estimating T(c) on steep slopes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of unit flow discharge (q), slope gradient (S), and mean flow velocity on I c in shallow flows and to investigate the relationship between T(c) and shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power on steep slopes using a 5-m-long and 0.4-m-wide nonerodible flume bed. Unit flow discharge ranged from 0.625 x 10(-3) to 5 x 10(-3) m(2) s(-1) and slope gradient from 8.8 to 46.6%. The diameter of the test riverbed sediment varied from 20 to 2000 pm, with a median diameter of 280 mu m. The results showed that T(c) increased as a power function with discharge and slope gradient with a coefficient of Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) of 0.95. The influences of S on T(c) increased as S increased, with T(c) being slightly more sensitive to q than to S. The T(c) was well predicted by shear stress (NSE = 0.97) and stream power (NSE = 0.98) but less satisfactorily by unit stream power (NSE = 0.92) for the slope range of 8.8 to 46.6%. Mean flow velocity was also a good predictor of T(c) (NSE = 0.95). Mean flow velocity increased as q and S increased in this study. Overall, stream power seems to be the preferred predictor for estimating T(c) for steep slopes; however, the predictive relationships derived in this study need to be evaluated further in eroding beds using a range of soil materials under various slopes. C1 [Zhang, Guang-hui] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Guang-hui; Liu, Yu-mei; Han, Yan-feng] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X. C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhang, GH (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn RI li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012 FU National Key Basic Research Special Foundation Project of China [2007CB407204] FX Financial Assistance for this work was provided by the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation Project of China (2007CB407204). NR 29 TC 31 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 30 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1291 EP 1297 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0145 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 468XY UT WOS:000267859100026 ER PT J AU Zhang, GH Liu, YM Han, YF Zhang, XC AF Zhang, Guang-hui Liu, Yu-mei Han, Yan-feng Zhang, X. C. TI Sediment Transport and Soil Detachment on Steep Slopes: II. Sediment Feedback Relationship SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RILL EROSION; CONCENTRATED FLOW; WATER EROSION; SHALLOW FLOW; MODEL; TECHNOLOGY; DEPOSITION; CAPACITY; EQUATION AB Quantifying the effect of sediment load on the detachment rate is crucial to understand soil erosion processes and develop physically based soil erosion models. Many recent studies attempted to quantify the feedback relationship between sediment load and detachment rate. To date, however, the effects of sediment load on detachment rate are still unclear. The objectives of this study were to examine the potential effects of sediment load on detachment rates and to examine the widely assumed linear relationship between sediment load and detachment rate in rills under controlled conditions. Experiments were performed in a hydraulic flume with constant roughness. Slope gradient (S) varied from 8.8 to 46.6% and unit flow rate (q) from 1.25 to 5.00 x 10(-3) m(2) s(-1). Detachment rates were measured under different sediment loads, which were 0 (clear water), 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the sediment transport capacity (T(c)) for 20 combinations of q and S. Results showed that detachment rates decreased as sediment load increased. Discrepancies in declining patterns of detachment rates were observed. Regression results indicated that 16 combinations of q and S were best simulated by linear feedback relationships, while four combinations were best fitted to exponential functions. Both predicted detachment capacity (D(c)) and T(c) by linear relationships agreed well with the corresponding measured values (R(2) = 0.99, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency [NSE] = 0.97 for D(c); R(2) = 0.99, NSE = 0.98 for T(c)). The predicted detachment rate by a first-order coupling equation agreed with the measured data (R(2) = 0.94, NSE >= 0.92). Overall, the feedback relationship between sediment load and detachment rate in this flume study could be adequately represented by the first-order coupling equation. C1 [Zhang, Guang-hui] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Guang-hui; Liu, Yu-mei; Han, Yan-feng] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X. C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhang, GH (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn RI li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012 FU National Key Basic Research Special Foundation Project of China [2007CB407204]; National Key Technologies RD Program [2006BA09B05] FX Financial assistance for this work was provided by the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation Project of China (2007CB407204) and the National Key Technologies R&D Program (2006BA09B05). NR 24 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 24 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1298 EP 1304 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0074 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 468XY UT WOS:000267859100027 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Mikha, MM Benjamin, JG Stone, LR Schlegel, AJ Lyon, DJ Vigil, MF Stahlman, PW AF Blanco-Canqui, Humberto Mikha, M. M. Benjamin, J. G. Stone, L. R. Schlegel, A. J. Lyon, D. J. Vigil, M. F. Stahlman, P. W. TI Regional Study of No-Till Impacts on Near-Surface Aggregate Properties that Influence Soil Erodibility SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER REPELLENCY; WINTER-WHEAT; MANAGEMENT; STABILITY; WETTABILITY; CLIMATE; FALLOW AB The extent to which tillage systems modify the near-surface soil aggregate properties affecting soil's susceptibility to erosion by water and wind is not well understood. We hypothesized that an increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) content with conservation tillage systems, particularly no-till (NT), may improve near-surface soil aggregate properties that influence soil erodibility. This regional study assessed changes in aggregate resistance to raindrops, dry aggregate wettability, and dry aggregate stability as well as their relationships with changes in SOC content. Four long-term (>19 yr) tillage systems including moldboard plow (M P), conventional till (CT), reduced till (RT), and NT were chosen across the central Great Plains at Hays and Tribune, KS, Akron, CO, and Sidney, NE. The kinetic energy (KE) of raindrops required to disintegrate 4.75- to 8-min aggregates from NT soils equilibrated at -0.03 and -155 MPa matric potential was between two and seven times greater than that required for MP and CT soils in the 0- to 2-cm depth in all soils. At the same depth, the water drop penetration time (WDPT) in aggregates from NT soils was four times greater at Akron and Hays and seven times greater at Sidney and Tribune compared with that in plowed soils. Aggregates from NT soils were more stable under rain and less wettable than those from plowed soils particularly in the surface 0 to 5 cm, but RT had lesser beneficial effects than NT management. The SOC content increased with NT over MP and CT and explained 35% of the variability across soils in aggregate wettability and 28% of the variability in resistance to raindrops in the 0- to 2-cm depth. Aggregate wettability explained 47% of the variability across soils in KE of raindrops required for the disintegration of aggregates. No-till management did not affect dry aggregate-size distribution and stability except at Akron where mean weight diameter (MWD) in RT and NT was 50% lower than in M P management in the 0- to 2-cm depth. Aggregates in MP and CT soils were either stronger or equally strong when dry but less stable when wet than in NT soils. Overall, NT farming enhanced near-surface aggregate properties affecting erosion by water but had small or no effects on dry aggregate stability. C1 [Blanco-Canqui, Humberto; Stahlman, P. W.] Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Mikha, M. M.; Benjamin, J. G.; Vigil, M. F.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Stone, L. R.] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Schlegel, A. J.] Kansas State Univ, SW Res Extens Ctr, Tribune, KS 67879 USA. [Lyon, D. J.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69391 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, 1232 240th Ave, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM hblanco@ksu.edu NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 32 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1361 EP 1368 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0401 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 468XY UT WOS:000267859100035 ER PT J AU Reichert, JM Norton, LD Favaretto, N Huang, CH Blume, E AF Reichert, Jose Miguel Norton, L. Darrell Favaretto, Nerilde Huang, Chi-hua Blume, Elena TI Settling Velocity, Aggregate Stability, and Interrill Erodibility of Soils Varying in Clay Mineralogy SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SEAL FORMATION; WATER-CONTENT; IRON-OXIDE; EROSION; INFILTRATION; RAIN; MOISTURE; BREAKDOWN; COHESION AB Mechanisms of aggregate disruption and the measurement techniques used to quantify them for different aggregate sizes affect the relation of aggregate stability to soil erodibility and to basic soil properties. We evaluated two different techniques of aggregate stability analysis that gave either a settling velocity or stability of aggregates parameter for different sized aggregates which we compared with interrill erodibility for 10 clay soils. We compared the differences in these parameters from slow wetting to reduce slaking to air-dried aggregates and compared these differences to soil properties. Aggregate settling velocity and stability and soil interrill erodibility were strongly affected by clay mineralogy and physical-chemical properties. The mechanism of aggregate disruption was dependent on clay type. Slaking during fast wetting was important in kaolinitic/oxidic soils, whereas highly smectitic clay increased particle dispersion and slaking on swelling, with a consequent reduction in size and speed of settling aggregates. Swelling of clays may have overridden any reduction in slaking by slow capillary prewetting of illite or smectite (with no kaolinite) soils, causing aggregate instability with both slow and fast wetting procedures. Correlation analysis showed that 4.76- to 8-mm aggregates with a high slaking index also demonstrated more slaking under wet sieving and slower fall velocity. Interrill erodibility had greater correlation with the mean weight diameter (MWD) of stable aggregates in the 1- to 2-mm size class, than for the whole soil (aggregates <8 mm), and no correlation was observed with any of the slaking indexes involving wet sieving or settling in water. Multiple regression analysis indicated that 89% of the variability in erodibility for prewetted soil was explained by MWD of prewetted 1- to 2-mm stable aggregates (MWDW), available water content, and fall velocity of 1- to 2-mm dry aggregates, while 96% of the variability in erodibility for dry soil was explained by MWDW for 1- to 2-mm prewetted aggregates, water dispersible clay, and fall velocity for 1- to 2-mm dry aggregates. The interrill erodibility, for dry and wet soil, was greatest for the highly smectitic and least for the high-clay kaolinitic/oxidic, both under annual crops. The higher erodibility and lack of slaking reduction effect on our prewetted soil under simulated rainfall is explained by a confounding effect of high water table, high steady-state runoff and slaking. C1 [Norton, L. Darrell; Huang, Chi-hua] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Reichert, Jose Miguel; Blume, Elena] Univ Fed Santa Maria, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Favaretto, Nerilde] Univ Fed Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. RP Norton, LD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM norton@purdue.edu RI Reichert, Jose Miguel/F-8189-2012; Reichert, Jose/F-2393-2014; Favaretto, Nerilde/B-3571-2015 OI Reichert, Jose/0000-0003-3130-5264; NR 44 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1369 EP 1377 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0067 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 468XY UT WOS:000267859100036 ER PT J AU Wei, H Nearing, MA Stone, JJ Guertin, DP Spaeth, KE Pierson, FB Nichols, MH Moffett, CA AF Wei, H. Nearing, M. A. Stone, J. J. Guertin, D. P. Spaeth, K. E. Pierson, F. B. Nichols, M. H. Moffett, C. A. TI A New Splash and Sheet Erosion Equation for Rangelands SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; INTERRILL ERODIBILITIES; RAINFALL INTENSITY; SEDIMENT DELIVERY; RUNOFF; CROPLAND; MODEL; AUSTRALIA; DISCHARGE; SCALES AB Soil loss rates predicted from erosion models for rangelands have the potential to be important quantitative indicators for rangeland health and for assessing conservation practices. Splash and sheet erosion processes on rangelands differ from croplands, where the process is conceptualized in part as interrill erosion. Previous interrill equations were developed from cropland soils where interrill erosion was conceptualized and modeled for small plots, which are not generally large enough to encompass the relative high spatial heterogeneity of rangelands. Also, interrill is usually modeled as a function of rainfall intensity (I) and runoff rate (q) such that I and q are independent of each other. Splash and sheet erosion is the dominant type of erosion on most undisturbed rangeland hillslopes where there is adequate vegetation, and these important erosion processes need to be addressed to develop an appropriate rangeland erosion model. In this study, we developed a new equation for calculating the combined rate of splash and sheet erosion (D(ss)) using a large set of rainfall simulation data from the western United States. The equation we propose: D(ss) = K(ss)I(1.052)q(0.592) where K(ss) is a splash and sheet erosion coefficient, takes into account a key interrelationship between I and q revealed in the data. This equation was successfully evaluated using independent sets of multiple-intensity experimental data. The new equation should enable improved estimation of water erosion on rangelands in the western United States and in other parts of the world. C1 [Wei, H.; Nearing, M. A.; Stone, J. J.; Guertin, D. P.; Spaeth, K. E.; Pierson, F. B.; Nichols, M. H.; Moffett, C. A.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Wei, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM haiyan.wei@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1386 EP 1392 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0061 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 468XY UT WOS:000267859100038 ER PT J AU Busscher, WJ Bjorneberg, DL Sojka, RE AF Busscher, W. J. Bjorneberg, D. L. Sojka, R. E. TI Field application of PAM as an amendment in deep-tilled US southeastern coastal plain soils SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Deep tillage; Soil penetration resistance; Polyacrylamide; Maize; Coastal plains ID ORGANIC-MATTER; TILLAGE; WATER; POLYACRYLAMIDE; STRENGTH; COTTON; DECOMPOSITION; DEGRADATION; IRRIGATION; COMPACTION AB In sandy soils of the southeastern USA coastal plains, crop production is limited by low water holding capacity and compacted soil layers that reduce root growth and productivity. Polyacrylamide (PAM) was added to sandy coastal plain soils to improve physical properties and yield. Soils were amended with linear and cross-linked PAMs. Treatments and controls included the following: (1) spraying a 600 mg kg(-1) solution of linear PAM behind a subsoil shank at a rate of 3.93 kg ha(-1), (2) spraying a 100 mg kg(-1) solution at 0.66 kg ha(-1), (3) spraying only water at 13.1 m 3 ha(-1), (4) dropping a dry PAM powder formulation (3005 KB) behind a subsoil shank at 300 kg ha(-1), (5) dropping another dry PAM powder formulation (3005 K2) at 230 kg ha(-1), (6) dropping a dry PAM powder formulation 3005 K2 at a lower rate of 55 kg ha(-1), (7) applying nothing behind a subsoil shank, and (8) not subsoiling. In each of the 3 years of the experiment, new sets of treatments were set up while the old ones were maintained to look at longevity of the PAM effect. Though treatment effects were dominated by the tillage, the crosslinked PAMs were the only treatments more effective than tillage alone. The cross-linked PAMs may have been more effective because we could add more in dry form than in the spray form. The effect diminished with time similar to or faster than the results seen in tillage only. Though some PAM applications may have reduced cone indices, yields were not affected. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Busscher, W. J.] USDA ARS, Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Bjorneberg, D. L.; Sojka, R. E.] USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM warren.busscher@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 104 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.still.2009.02.009 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 466VL UT WOS:000267691300002 ER PT J AU Ayre, BG Stevens, K Chapman, KD Webber, CL Dagnon, KL D'Souza, NA AF Ayre, Brian G. Stevens, Kevin Chapman, Kent D. Webber, Charles L., III Dagnon, Koffi L. D'Souza, Nandika A. TI Viscoelastic Properties of Kenaf Bast Fiber in Relation to Stem Age SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fabric formation; fiber; performance; processing; properties; strength; yarn AB Natural fibers traditionally used for cordage are proving valuable for advanced industrial applications due in part to beneficial physical and chemical properties, but also because they are a renewable and biodegradable resource. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L., Malvaceae) produces high yields of lignocellulosic bast fibers in the bark layer, and is a promising crop for supplying emerging fiber markets. Bast fibers are bundles of cells that undergo extensive cell-wall thickening during maturation. Bundle maturity is therefore an important determinant of the fibers' mechanical properties and ultimately contributes to their quality in specific applications. Fiber bundles in stem sections of progressive age were analyzed by epifluorescence microscopy, and viscoelastic properties determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Early-forming primary fibers were larger than later-forming secondary fibers, but cell-wall thicknening contributed most to elasitc and viscous response of the fiber. C1 [Ayre, Brian G.; Stevens, Kevin; Chapman, Kent D.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Chapman, Kent D.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Plant Lipid Res, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Webber, Charles L., III] USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK USA. [Dagnon, Koffi L.; D'Souza, Nandika A.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Ayre, BG (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM brian.ayre@unt.edu OI DSouza, Nandika/0000-0002-8553-0347 FU National Science Foundation [IOS 0344088] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation IOS 0344088 to BGA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 79 IS 11 BP 973 EP 980 DI 10.1177/0040517508100185 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 470US UT WOS:000268007200002 ER PT J AU Sankaran, RP Huguet, T Grusak, MA AF Sankaran, Renuka P. Huguet, Thierry Grusak, Michael A. TI Identification of QTL affecting seed mineral concentrations and content in the model legume Medicago truncatula SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; IRON TRANSPORT; METAL TRANSPORTERS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; PISUM-SATIVUM; GENE FAMILY; ZIP FAMILY; PLANTS; ZINC AB Increasing the amount of bioavailable micronutrients such as iron and zinc in plant foods for human consumption is an international goal, intended especially for developing countries where micronutrient deficiencies are an ongoing health risk. Legume seeds have the potential to provide the essential nutrients required by humans, but concentrations of several minerals are low when compared to other foods. In order to increase seed mineral concentrations, it is important to understand the genes and processes involved in mineral distribution within the plant. The main objectives of this study were to use a Medicago truncatula recombinant inbred population (Jemalong-6 x DZA 315.16) to determine loci governing seed mineral concentrations, seed mineral content, and average seed weight, and to use these loci to propose candidate genes whose expression might contribute to these traits. Ninety-three lines in 2004 and 169 lines in 2006 were grown for seed harvest and subsequent analysis of seed Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn concentrations and content. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) cartographer was used to identify QTL using composite interval mapping (CIM). CIM identified 46 QTL for seed mineral concentration, 26 for seed mineral content, and 3 for average seed weight. At least one QTL was detected for each mineral trait, and colocation of QTL for several minerals was found in both years. Results comparing seed weight with seed mineral concentration and content QTL demonstrate that seed size can be an important determinant of seed mineral concentration. The identification, in this model legume, of transgressive segregation for nearly all the minerals suggests that allelic recombination of relevant mineral-related genes in agronomic legumes could be a successful strategy to increase seed mineral concentrations above current levels. C1 [Sankaran, Renuka P.; Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Huguet, Thierry] ENS Agron, SP2, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mgrusak@bcm.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-6250-6-003]; Harvest Plus [58-6250-4-F029] FX This work was funded in part by funds from USDA-ARS under Agreement No. 58-6250-6-003 and from the Harvest Plus Project under Agreement No. 58-6250-4-F029 to MAG. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reXect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 119 IS 2 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1033-2 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 466UH UT WOS:000267687900005 PM 19396421 ER PT J AU Chu, CG Friesen, TL Xu, SS Faris, JD Kolmer, JA AF Chu, C. -G. Friesen, T. L. Xu, S. S. Faris, J. D. Kolmer, J. A. TI Identification of novel QTLs for seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance in a wheat doubled haploid population SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; SPRING WHEAT; STRIPE RUST; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; WINTER-WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; GENES; LOCI; NOMENCLATURE; CULTIVARS AB Pyramiding of genes that confer partial resistance is a method for developing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with durable resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. In this research, a doubled haploid population derived from the cross between the synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) (xAegilotriticum spp.) line TA4152-60 and the North Dakota breeding line ND495 was used for identifying genes conferring partial resistance to leaf rust in both the adult plant and seedling stages. Five QTLs located on chromosome arms 3AL, 3BL, 4DL, 5BL and 6BL were associated with adult plant resistance with the latter four representing novel leaf rust resistance QTLs. Resistance effects of the 4DL QTL were contributed by ND495 and the effects of the other QTLs were contributed by the SHW line. The QTL on chromosome arm 3AL had large effects and also conferred seedling resistance to leaf rust races MJBJ, TDBG and MFPS. The other major QTL, which was on chromosome arm 3BL, conferred seedling resistance to race MFPS and was involved in a significant interaction with a locus on chromosome arm 5DS. The QTLs and the associated molecular markers identified in this research can be used to develop wheat cultivars with potentially durable leaf rust resistance. C1 [Kolmer, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chu, C. -G.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Friesen, T. L.; Xu, S. S.; Faris, J. D.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, 1551 Lindig Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS' [3640-21220-020-00D, 5442-22000-043-00D] FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS' 3640-21220-020-00D and 5442-22000-043-00D. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 119 IS 2 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1035-0 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 466UH UT WOS:000267687900007 PM 19396420 ER PT J AU Ray, JD Morel, W Smith, JR Frederick, RD Miles, MR AF Ray, Jeffery D. Morel, Wilfrido Smith, James R. Frederick, Reid D. Miles, Monte R. TI Genetics and mapping of adult plant rust resistance in soybean PI 587886 and PI 587880A SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; CONFERS RESISTANCE; GENES; LOCUS; INHERITANCE; PARAGUAY; MAP AB Two soybean accessions, PI 587886 and PI 587880A, previously identified as having resistance to Phakospora pachyrhizi Syd. (soybean rust, SBR) were used to create two populations (POP-1 and POP-2) segregating for SBR resistance. F-2-derived F-3 (F-2:3) families from each population were grown in a naturally SBR-infected field in Paraguay to determine inheritance and map resistance genes. Over 6,000 plants from 178 families in POP-1 and over 5,000 plants from 160 families in POP-2 were evaluated at R5 for lesion type: immune reaction (IR), reddish-brown (RB), or tan (TAN) colored lesions. Based on the lesion type present, each F-2:3 family was rated as resistant, segregating or susceptible and this classification was used to infer the F-2-phenotype and genotype. For both populations, the F-2 segregation ratios fit a 1:2:1 (resistant:segregating:susceptible) ratio expected for a single gene (P > 0.05). The RB lesions occurred almost exclusively in the heterozygous class, indicating incomplete dominance under the conditions of this study. Molecular markers flanking the locations of the known resistance genes were used to map the resistance gene in both populations to the Rpp1 locus. However, evaluation of PI 587886 and PI 587880A against eight P. pachyrhizi isolates indicated that the resistance allele in these two accessions was different from Rpp1. This test also demonstrated that these accessions were resistant to at least one P. pachyrhizi isolate collected in the southern US. This is the first report of using an adult plant field-screen with natural rust pressure to map SBR resistance. C1 [Ray, Jeffery D.; Smith, James R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Morel, Wilfrido] Ctr Reg Invest Agr, Capitan Miranda, Itapua, Paraguay. [Frederick, Reid D.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Miles, Monte R.] Univ Illinois, ARS, USDA, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ray, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jeff.ray@ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 30 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 119 IS 2 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1036-z PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 466UH UT WOS:000267687900008 PM 19396573 ER PT J AU Okubara, PA Steber, CM DeMacon, VL Walter, NL Paulitz, TC Kidwell, KK AF Okubara, Patricia Ann Steber, Camille M. DeMacon, Victor L. Walter, Nathalie L. Paulitz, Timothy C. Kidwell, Kimberlee K. TI Scarlet-Rz1, an EMS-generated hexaploid wheat with tolerance to the soilborne necrotrophic pathogens Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and R. oryzae SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SHEATH BLIGHT RESISTANCE; ROOT-ROT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; REDUCED TILLAGE; INDUCED MUTATIONS; PLANT-RESISTANCE; FIELD-RESISTANCE; STEM-RUST; ARABIDOPSIS AB The necrotrophic root pathogens Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and R. oryzae cause Rhizoctonia root rot and damping-off, yield-limiting diseases that pose barriers to the adoption of conservation tillage in wheat production systems. Existing control practices are only partially effective, and natural genetic resistance to Rhizoctonia has not been identified in wheat or its close relatives. We report the first genetic resistance/tolerance to R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) germplasm 'Scarlet-Rz1'. Scarlet-Rz1 was derived from the allohexaploid spring wheat cultivar Scarlet using EMS mutagenesis. Tolerant seedlings displayed substantial root and shoot growth after 14 days in the presence of 100-400 propagules per gram soil of R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae in greenhouse assays. BC(2)F(4) individuals of Scarlet-Rz1 showed a high and consistent degree of tolerance. Seedling tolerance was transmissible and appeared to be dominant or co-dominant. Scarlet-Rz1 is a promising genetic resource for developing Rhizoctonia-tolerant wheat cultivars because the tolerance trait immediately can be deployed into wheat breeding germplasm through cross-hybridization, thereby avoiding difficulties with transfer from secondary or tertiary relatives as well as constraints associated with genetically modified plants. Our findings also demonstrate the utility of chemical mutagenesis for generating tolerance to necrotrophic pathogens in allohexaploid wheat. C1 [Okubara, Patricia Ann; Walter, Nathalie L.; Paulitz, Timothy C.] ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Steber, Camille M.] ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [DeMacon, Victor L.; Kidwell, Kimberlee K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Okubara, PA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM patricia.okubara@ars.usda.gov OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 FU Washington Wheat Commission [3019-5850, 3061-3564]; USDA-ARS [5248-22000-012-00D, 5348-21220-003-00D] FX We are grateful to Jamie Baley, Kurtis Schroeder, Lucia Strader and Xianming Chen for expert assistance, and to Kim Garland Campbell and Scot Hulbert for critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by Washington Wheat Commission Project Numbers 3019-5850 (C.S., K.K., P.O.) and 3061-3564 (P.O., T.P.) and by USDA-ARS Project Numbers 5248-22000-012-00D ( P.O., T. P.) and 5348-21220-003-00D (C.S.). References to a company and/or product by the USDA are only for the purposes of information and do not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 119 IS 2 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1038-x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 466UH UT WOS:000267687900010 PM 19407984 ER PT J AU Sood, S Kuraparthy, V Bai, GH Gill, BS AF Sood, Shilpa Kuraparthy, Vasu Bai, Guihua Gill, Bikram S. TI The major threshability genes soft glume (sog) and tenacious glume (Tg), of diploid and polyploid wheat, trace their origin to independent mutations at non-orthologous loci SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; AGROPYRON-ELONGATUM CHROMOSOMES; FREE-THRESHING HABIT; BREAD WHEAT; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-2 AB Threshability is an important crop domestication trait. The wild wheat progenitors have tough glumes enveloping the floret that make spikes difficult to thresh, whereas cultivated wheats have soft glumes and are free-threshing. In hexaploid wheat, the glume tenacity gene Tg along with the major domestication locus Q control threshability. The Q gene was isolated recently and found to be a member of the AP2 class of transcription factors. However, only a few studies have reported on the tough glume trait. Here, we report comparative mapping of the soft glume (sog) gene of diploid Triticum monococcum L. and tenacious glume (Tg) gene of hexaploid T. aestivum L. using chromosome-specific SSR and RFLP markers. The sog gene was flanked by Xgwm71 and Xbcd120 in a 6.8 cM interval on chromosome 2A(m)S of T. monococcum whereas Tg was targeted to a 8.1 cM interval flanked by Xwmc503 and Xfba88 on chromosome 2DS of T. aestivum. Deletion bin mapping of the flanking markers assigned sog close to the centromere on 2AS, whereas Tg was mapped to the most distal region on 2DS. Both 2AS and 2DS maps were colinear ruling out the role of chromosome rearrangements for their non-syntenic positions. Therefore, sog and Tg are not true orthologues suggesting the possibility of a diverse origin. C1 [Sood, Shilpa; Gill, Bikram S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kuraparthy, Vasu] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gill, BS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM shilpas@ksu.edu; bsgill@ksu.edu FU USDA-CSREES [2006-55606-16629]; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [09-004-J] FX We express our gratitude to Dr. Harcharan Dhaliwal and Dr. Francesco Salamini for supplying the T. monococcum free-threshing mutants and Duane Wilson and Jon Raupp for excellent technical assistance. Special thanks go to Dr. James Nelson for his help with the statistical analysis of linkage data. Research was partly funded by a USDA-CSREES special grant to WGGRC and a grant from the National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES Coordinated Agricultural Project grant number 2006-55606-16629 to Dr. Guihua Bai. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing speciWc information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This is contribution number 09-004-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 67 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 119 IS 2 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1043-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 466UH UT WOS:000267687900015 PM 19421730 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Miller, PCH Thistle, HW Birchfield, NB AF Teske, M. E. Miller, P. C. H. Thistle, H. W. Birchfield, N. B. TI INITIAL DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MECHANISTIC SPRAY DRIFT MODEL FOR GROUND BOOM SPRAYERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE AGDISP; Ground sprayer; Lagrangian modeling; Spray drift ID AERIAL APPLICATIONS; HYDRAULIC NOZZLES; LIQUID SPRAY; FIELD; SIMULATION; VARIABLES; AIR; VELOCITY; AGDISP; CODE AB This article summarizes the initial development of a mechanistic spray drift model for ground boom sprayers, built upon the same analytical Lagrangian approach used in the aerial spray model AGDISP. For ground boom sprayers the wake and turbulence of the aircraft are removed and more detailed modeling of the nozzle jets (and jet entrainment) is included. The model predicts the spray deposition downwind from the application area for any set of initial conditions, and recovers results compared with Spray Drift Task Force and Canadian field datasets for two ground sprayer nozzle types. C1 [Teske, M. E.] Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ 08616 USA. [Miller, P. C. H.] Silsoe Spray Applicat Unit, Bedford, England. [Thistle, H. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. [Birchfield, N. B.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, 34 Lexington Ave, Ewing, NJ 08616 USA. EM milt@continuum-dynamics.com NR 37 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1089 EP 1097 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 494BC UT WOS:000269783100005 ER PT J AU Cho, J Mostaghimi, S Kang, MS Chun, JA AF Cho, J. Mostaghimi, S. Kang, M. S. Chun, J. A. TI SENSITIVITY TO GRID AND TIME RESOLUTION OF HYDROLOGY COMPONENTS OF DANSAT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Best management practices; DANSAT; Grid size; Nonpoint-source pollution; Sensitivity; Time step ID MODEL DEVELOPMENT; POLLUTION MODEL; PARAMETERS; SCALE; SIZE; EVAPORATION; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; SURFACE; RUNOFF AB A sensitivity analysis of the Dynamic Agricultural Nonpoint Source Assessment Tool (DANSAT) model to different grid sizes and time steps was conducted to investigate scale effects on hydrology and to provide users with a guideline for selecting an appropriate grid size and time step in order to enhance computational time efficiency. Response of the hydrology components to different grid sizes was analyzed by considering: (1) changes in input parameter values due to GIS manipulation processes, and (2) comprehensive response of the model through applications to a small agricultural subwatershed (QN2) in the Nomini Creek watershed, Virginia. In addition, model response to different time steps was analyzed in QN2 by changing the storm event time step (SET) of the model (1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min) against a fixed grid size. A maximum acceptable grid size (MAG) of 90 m was selected for QN2, considering changes in the accuracy of spatial data for different grid sizes. Only the overall response of the hydrology components to down-scaled (60 m) grid size in QN2 was acceptable without any further calibration. Daily streamflow for storm events decreased with increases in time step from 1 to 60 min, while total runoff for the simulation period increased slightly by 8%. Use of MAG (90 m) with an acceptable larger time step (10 min) based on monthly runoff criteria exponentially reduced computational time compared to an application using the smallest grid size and time step. Site-specific sensitivity analysis is recommended due to the possible differences in response of the hydrology components to watersheds with different hydrologic characteristics. C1 [Chun, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cho, J.] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Mostaghimi, S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Kang, M. S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Rural Syst Engn, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Chun, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jongahn.chun@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1121 EP 1128 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 494BC UT WOS:000269783100008 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Moriasi, DN AF Starks, P. J. Moriasi, D. N. TI SPATIAL RESOLUTION EFFECT OF PRECIPITATION DATA ON SWAT CALIBRATION AND PERFORMANCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CEAP SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Model performance; Precipitation spatial resolution; SWAT; Watershed ID RIVER-BASIN; NEXRAD PRECIPITATION; RAIN-GAGE; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; OKLAHOMA; TEXAS; QUANTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; ACCURACY AB Precipitation data sets representing four spatial resolutions were used to evaluate the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) on the basis of reproducing measured streamflow, and to show differences in model parameters when different precipitation data sets are used to calibrate the model. The experiment was conducted on the 786 km(2) Ft. Cobb Reservoir experimental watershed (FCREW) in southwestern Oklahoma. Precipitation data sets included the National Weather Service (NWS) cooperative weather network (Co-op), NWS next-generation radar precipitation estimates (NEXRAD), the University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University's joint state-wide weather station network (Mesonet), and the USDA-ARS weather station network (Micronet) deployed in the FCREW. The FCREW was divided into three main subwatersheds (Cobb, Lake, and Willow Creeks), with SWAT calibrated for each subwatershed using each precipitation data set. Model simulations were generally "good" to "very good" at both the daily and monthly time steps for all precipitation data sets, except in the Willow Creek subwatershed, which scored "satisfactory" at the monthly time step and "unsatisfactory" at the daily time step when the Co-op data were used. Calibrated parameter values within the Cobb Creek subwatershed changed little across precipitation data sets. In the Lake Creek and Willow Creek subwatersheds, the deep recharge calibration parameter values varied greatly with respect to precipitation data source. Such variation could inappropriately affect, for example, model assessments of conservation practices designed to ameliorate the movement of agro-chemicals from the surface to lower positions in the soil profile and eventually into the groundwater: C1 [Starks, P. J.; Moriasi, D. N.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Patrick.starks@ars.usda.gov OI Moriasi, Daniel N/0000-0002-3389-3277 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1171 EP 1180 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 494BC UT WOS:000269783100012 ER PT J AU Ozeren, Y Wren, DG AF Ozeren, Y. Wren, D. G. TI PREDICTING WIND-DRIVEN WAVES IN SMALL RESERVOIRS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Erosion protection; Levee protection; Wave prediction; Wind measurement ID COASTAL REGIONS; GENERATION; MODEL; VALIDATION AB The earthen levees commonly used to form irrigation reservoirs are subjected to significant embankment erosion due to wind-generated waves. The design of bank protection measures relies on adequate prediction of wave characteristics based on wind conditions and fetch length. Current formulations are based primarily on winds and waves in large water bodies and do not provide an optimal fit to waves in small water bodies such as irrigation ponds. Based on wind and wave data collected in an irrigation reservoir near Carlisle, Arkansas, the coefficients in a commonly used equation for wind wave prediction were improved for use in irrigation reservoirs. Details of the development of the new coefficients as well as data collection procedures are presented here. With the new empirical coefficients, the RMS error is 0.01 m for energy-based significant wave height and 0.06 s for peak wave period. C1 [Ozeren, Y.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Wren, D. G.] ARS, USDA, Natl Semicond Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Wren, DG (reprint author), POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM Daniel.Wren@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NRCS National Water Management Office in Little Rock, Arkansas FX The authors would like to thank Keith Admire at the USDA-NRCS National Water Management Office in Little Rock, Arkansas, for supporting this work. While there, Dennis Carman initiated the work and has continued to be a valuable resource. M. Altinakar is also recognized for his helpful comments and criticism. Glenn Gray provided invaluable technical support for all phases of the work. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1213 EP 1221 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 494BC UT WOS:000269783100016 ER PT J AU Chianese, DS Rotz, CA Richard, TL AF Chianese, D. S. Rotz, C. A. Richard, T. L. TI SIMULATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM DAIRY FARMS TO ASSESS GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION STRATEGIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Dairy farm; Greenhouse gas; Model; Simulation ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; GENERALIZED-MODEL; MANURE STORES; N2O; SEQUESTRATION; METHANE; SYSTEMS; CATTLE; FLUX AB Farming practices can have a large impact on the soil carbon cycle and the resulting net emission of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, and nitrous oxide. Primary sources of CO2 emission on dairy farms are soil, plant, and animal respiration, with smaller contributions from microbial respiration in manure. Strategies designed to reduce emissions from one source can cause an increase in emissions from another source. Therefore, a comprehensive whole farm evaluation is needed, which call be cost-effectively met through computer simulation. The Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM), a process-based whole farm model, was extended to simulate the carbon cycle. Relationships were added to represent photosynthetic fixation, soil and plant respiration, animal respiration, and emissions from manure storage and barn floors. The new module was verified to predict the mass of carbon present in soil pools at the end of annual simulations and to predict CO2 emissions within expected emission ranges for both specific sources and overall farm emissions. A faun-level carbon balance was used to further verify that predicted emissions were reasonable across a variety of production strategies. Farm simulations illustrated that changes in cropping practices affected emissions from all farm, sources, with a primary effect on the assimilation of CO2 in feed production. For a representative farm in central Pennsylvania, use of more alfalfa in place of corn production caused a 6% increase in net farm greenhouse gas emission in CO2-equivalent units, while replacing non-permanent grassland with corn production reduced the net emission, by 16%. Changing from a Holstein herd to Jersey animals with animal numbers increased to produce the same amount of milk affected most emission sources, with a net impact of increasing the net greenhouse gas emission by 20%. Incorporation of greenhouse gas emission modules in IFSM provides a more comprehensive tool for evaluating the overall farm-level environmental and economic impacts of management scenarios used to reduce emissions. C1 [Rotz, C. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chianese, D. S.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Richard, T. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1301 EP 1312 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 494BC UT WOS:000269783100026 ER PT J AU Chianese, DS Rotz, CA Richard, TL AF Chianese, D. S. Rotz, C. A. Richard, T. L. TI SIMULATION OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM DAIRY FARMS TO ASSESS GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION STRATEGIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Dairy farm; Greenhouse gas; Methane; Simulation model ID NITROUS-OXIDE; EXCRETA DEPOSITION; MECHANISTIC MODEL; GRAZING ANIMALS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; KINETIC-MODEL; COWS; SLURRY; MANURE; PREDICTION AB As a sector, agriculture is reported to be the second greatest contributor to atmospheric methane (CH(4)) in the U.S., emitting 31% of the total emission. Primary sources of CH(4) on dairy farms are the animals and manure storage, with smaller contributions front field-applied manure, feces deposited by grazing animals, and manure on. barn floors. The Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM) was expanded to include simulation of CH(4) emissions from all farm sources along with modules predicting other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The new CH(4) module incorporated previously published relationships and experimental data that were consistent with our modeling objectives and the current structure of IFSM. When used to simulate previously reported experiments, the model was found to predict enteric fermentation and slurry manure storage emissions similar to those measured. In simulating a representative 100-cow dairy farm in Pennsylvania, the model predicted a total average annual emission of 21 Mg CH(4). This included annual emissions of 142 kg CH(4) per cow from the Holstein herd and 6.4 kg CH(4) per m(3) of slurry manure in storage, which were consistent with previously summarized emission data. To illustrate the use of the expanded whole farm model, potential CH(4) reduction strategies were evaluated. Farm simulations showed that increasing the production and use of forage (corn silage) in animal diets increased CH(4) emission by 16% with little impact on the global warming potential of the net farm emission of all GHGs. Use of grazing along with high forage diets reduced net farm GHG emission by 16%. Using an enclosed manure storage and burning the captured biogas reduced farm emission of CH(4) by 32% with a 24% reduction in the net farm emission of GHG. Incorporation of GHG emission modules in IFSM provides a tool for estimating whole farm emissions of CH(4) and evaluating proposed reduction strategies along with their impact on net GHG emission and other environmental and economic measures. C1 [Rotz, C. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chianese, D. S.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Richard, T. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1313 EP 1323 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 494BC UT WOS:000269783100027 ER PT J AU Chianese, DS Rotz, CA Richard, TL AF Chianese, D. S. Rotz, C. A. Richard, T. L. TI SIMULATION OF NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM DAIRY FARMS TO ASSESS GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION STRATEGIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Dairy farm; Greenhouse gas; Nitrous oxide; Simulation model ID GENERALIZED-MODEL; N2O; SOILS; DENITRIFICATION; AMMONIA; SYSTEMS; N-2 AB Farming practices can have a large impact on the net emission of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO(2)), methane, and nitrous oxide (N(2)O). The primary sources of N(2)O from dairy farms are nitrification and denitrification processes in soil, with smaller contributions from manure storage and barn floors. Emissions from all greenhouse gas sources are interrelated, so strategies to reduce emissions from one source can affect emissions from another. Therefore, a comprehensive whole farm evaluation is needed, which can be cost-effectively achieved through computer simulation. The Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM), a process-based whole farm model, was extended to simulate sources of N(2)O and other greenhouse gas emissions. A module was added to simulate N(2)O emissions from croplands using relationships from the previously established DAYCENT model, and relationships were incorporated to predict emissions from slurry storage and free-stall barn floors. The new module was found to predict N(2)O emissions consistent with reported values from specific experiments and previously estimated whole farm emissions. The model also predicted sensitivity to soil texture and soil water content similar to experimental data and DAYCENT model predictions, which further verified this most important component of N(2)O emissions. Simulations illustrated the impact of management practices on a representative farm in central Pennsylvania. Reducing the use of inorganic fertilizer by accounting for manure nitrogen (N) reduced N(2)O emission from the farm by 6% and reduced the net farm emission of all greenhouse gases in CO(2)-equivalent units by 1%. Adding a mulch cover crop to corn land reduced N(2)O emission by 34% with a 7% reduction of all greenhouse gases. Use of a top-loaded manure storage tank prevented formation of a surface crust, which eliminated storage N(2)O emission with little effect on net farm emission of all greenhouse gases. This extended whole farm model provides a tool for evaluating proposed N(2)O reduction strategies along with their effects on other greenhouse gas emissions, other N and phosphorus losses, and farm profitability. C1 [Rotz, C. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chianese, D. S.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Richard, T. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1325 EP 1335 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 494BC UT WOS:000269783100028 ER PT J AU Loor, RG Risterucci, AM Courtois, B Fouet, O Jeanneau, M Rosenquist, E Amores, F Vasco, A Medina, M Lanaud, C AF Loor, R. G. Risterucci, A. M. Courtois, B. Fouet, O. Jeanneau, M. Rosenquist, E. Amores, F. Vasco, A. Medina, M. Lanaud, C. TI Tracing the native ancestors of the modern Theobroma cacao L. population in Ecuador SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Theobroma cacao; Native Nacional; Arriba flavour; Cocoa quality; Ecuador; SSR ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; RFLP; DISTANCE; RAPD AB The native Theobroma cacao L. population from Ecuador, known as Nacional, is famous for its fine cocoa flavour. From the beginning of the twentieth century, however, it has been subjected to genetic erosion due principally to successive introductions of foreign germplasm whose hybrid descendants gradually replaced the native plantations, implying a decrease in cocoa quality. We attempted to trace this native cacao within a wide pool of modern Ecuadorian cacao population. Three hundred and twenty-two cacao accessions collected from different geographical areas along the pacific coast of Ecuador and maintained in two living collections were analysed using 40 simple-sequence repeat markers. Most of Ecuadorian cacao accessions displayed a high diversity and heterozygosity level. A factorial analysis of correspondence (FAC) showed a continuous variation among them, with a few ones, grouped at an extreme side of the FAC cloud, showing higher levels of homozygosity and lower introgression level by foreign cacaos. A paternity analysis revealed that these highly homozygous individuals are the most probable ancestors of the modern Nacional hybrid pool. These particular accessions studied could represent the native Nacional cacao present in Ecuador before the foreign introductions. Their identification will help to conserve valuable genetic material and to improve cocoa quality in new cacao varieties. C1 [Loor, R. G.; Risterucci, A. M.; Courtois, B.; Fouet, O.; Jeanneau, M.; Lanaud, C.] CIRAD UMR DAP TA A96 03, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Loor, R. G.; Amores, F.; Vasco, A.] INIAP EET Pichilingue, Quevedo, Ecuador. [Rosenquist, E.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vasco, A.; Medina, M.] UTEQ, Quevedo, Ecuador. RP Loor, RG (reprint author), CIRAD UMR DAP TA A96 03, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. EM gaston.loor@cirad.fr RI Courtois, Brigitte/A-4004-2009 OI Courtois, Brigitte/0000-0003-2118-7102 FU United States Department of State (US Foreign Ministry); US Embassy, Quito; US Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS); Centre de Cooperation International en recherche agronomique pour le developpement (CIRAD), France; Agricultural Research Center of Ecuador (INIAP) FX We are grateful to the United States Department of State (US Foreign Ministry), the US Embassy, Quito; and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS) for the financial support of this research. Thanks also should go to the Centre de Cooperation International en recherche agronomique pour le developpement (CIRAD), France and the Agricultural Research Center of Ecuador (INIAP) for their financial and technical support. We thank Dr Surendra SURUJDEO-MAHARAJ for improving the English writing of this manuscript. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD JUL PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 421 EP 433 DI 10.1007/s11295-008-0196-3 PG 13 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 451RI UT WOS:000266487200004 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Woodruff, DR McCulloh, KA Meinzer, FC AF Johnson, D. M. Woodruff, D. R. McCulloh, K. A. Meinzer, F. C. TI Leaf hydraulic conductance, measured in situ, declines and recovers daily: leaf hydraulics, water potential and stomatal conductance in four temperate and three tropical tree species SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cavitation; embolism; photosynthesis; transpiration; xylem ID NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; XYLEM CAVITATION; TURGOR PRESSURE; LIGHT RESPONSE; FOREST CANOPY; LEAVES; AQUAPORINS; EMBOLISM; PLANTS; FLOW AB Adequate leaf hydraulic conductance (K(leaf)) is critical for preventing transpiration-induced desiccation and subsequent stomatal closure that would restrict carbon gain. A few studies have reported midday depression of K(leaf) (or petiole conductivity) and its subsequent recovery in situ, but the extent to which this phenomenon is universal is not known. The objectives of this study were to measure K(leaf), using a rehydration kinetics method, (1) in the laboratory (under controlled conditions) across a range of water potentials to construct vulnerability curves (VC) and (2) over the course of the day in the field along with leaf water potential and stomatal conductance (g(s)). Two broadleaf (one evergreen, Arbutus menziesii Pursh., and one deciduous, Quercus garryana Dougl.) and two coniferous species (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. and Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirbel]) were chosen as representative of different plant types. In addition, K(leaf) in the laboratory and leaf water potential in the field were measured for three tropical evergreen species (Protium panamense (Rose), Tachigalia versicolor Standley and L.O. Williams and Vochysia ferruginea Mart) to predict their daily changes in field K(leaf) in situ. It was hypothesized that in the field, leaves would close their stomata at water potential thresholds at which K(leaf) begins to decline sharply in laboratory-generated VC, thus preventing substantial losses of K(leaf). The temperate species showed a 1566% decline in K(leaf) by midday, before stomatal closure. Although there were substantial midday declines in K(leaf), recovery was nearly complete by late afternoon. Stomatal conductance began to decrease in Pseudotsuga, Pinus and Quercus once K(leaf) began to decline; however, there was no detectable reduction in g(s) in Arbutus. Predicted K(leaf) in the tropical species, based on laboratory-generated VC, decreased by 74% of maximum K(leaf) in Tachigalia, but only 2232% in Vochysia and Protium. The results presented here, from the previous work of the authors and from other published studies, were consistent with two different strategies regarding daily maintenance of K(leaf): (1) substantial loss and subsequent recovery or (2) a more conservative strategy of loss avoidance. C1 [Johnson, D. M.; Woodruff, D. R.; Meinzer, F. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McCulloh, K. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM danieljohnson@fs.fed.us RI Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147; FU NSF [IOB-0544470] FX This research was supported in part by NSF Grant IOB-0544470. The authors would like to thank Logan Barnart, Amaranta Valenzuela, Jean-Christophe Domec, Paula Campanello and GenovevaGatti for their helpful assistancewith. eld data collection. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Barbara Lachenbruch and the AvH plant biology group for critical discussion of ideas. NR 52 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 42 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 29 IS 7 BP 879 EP 887 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpp031 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 460YC UT WOS:000267227900003 PM 19429900 ER PT J AU Zhao, N Boyle, B Duval, I Ferrer, JL Lin, H Seguin, A Mackay, J Chen, F AF Zhao, Nan Boyle, Brian Duval, Isabelle Ferrer, Jean-Luc Lin, Hong Seguin, Armand Mackay, John Chen, Feng TI SABATH methyltransferases from white spruce (Picea glauca): gene cloning, functional characterization and structural analysis SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; high-throughput enzyme assay; indole-3-acetic acid; somatic embryogenesis ID ACID CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE; CAFFEINE SYNTHASE GENE; ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SOMATIC EMBRYOS; INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID METHYLTRANSFERASE; WOOD FORMATION; PLANT-GROWTH; HYBRID ASPEN; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Known members of the plant SABATH family of methyltransferases have important biological functions by methylating hormones, signalling molecules and other metabolites. While all previously characterized SABATH genes were isolated from angiosperms, in this article, we report on the isolation and functional characterization of SABATH genes from white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss), a gymnosperm. Through EST database search, three genes that encode proteins significantly homologous to known SABATH proteins were identified from white spruce. They were named PgSABATH1, PgSABATH2 and PgSABATH3, respectively. Full length cDNAs of these three genes were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The E. coli-expressed recombinant proteins were tested for methyltransferase activity with a large number of compounds. While no activity was detected for PgSABATH2 and PgSABATH3, PgSABATH1 displayed the highest level of catalytic activity with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). PgSABATH1 was, therefore, renamed PgIAMT1. Under steady-state conditions, PgIAMT1 exhibited apparent K-m values of 18.2M for IAA. Homology-based structural modelling of PgIAMT1 revealed that the active site of PgIAMT1 is highly similar to other characterized IAMTs from angiosperms. PgIAMT1 showed expression in multiple tissues, with the highest level of expression detected in embryonic tissues. During somatic embryo maturation, a significant reduction in PgIAMT1 transcript levels was observed when developing cotyledons become apparent which is indicative of mature embryos. The biological roles of white spruce SABATH genes, especially those of PgIAMT1, and the evolution of the SABATH family are discussed. C1 [Zhao, Nan; Chen, Feng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Boyle, Brian; Mackay, John] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Duval, Isabelle; Seguin, Armand] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Ferrer, Jean-Luc] Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Biol Struct, CEA, CNRS, F-38027 Grenoble 1, France. [Lin, Hong] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Chen, F (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fengc@utk.edu RI MacKay, John/M-6978-2014 OI MacKay, John/0000-0002-4883-195X FU University of Tennessee; genome Canada and genome Quebec FX This work was partly supported by startup research funds from the University of Tennessee (to F. C.) and genome Canada and genome Quebec grants for the Arborea project (to A. S. and J.M.). The authors would like to thank C. Levasseur, C. Jones and K. Klimaszewska from the Canadian Forest Service for the help with embryonal tissue culture and F. Bedon and C. Bomal for sharing stressed P. glauca material. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 29 IS 7 BP 947 EP 957 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpp023 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 460YC UT WOS:000267227900010 PM 19369216 ER PT J AU Kapil, S Yeary, T Evermann, JF AF Kapil, Sanjay Yeary, Teresa Evermann, James F. TI Viral Diseases of New World Camelids SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Alpaca; Camelid; Diagnostics; Infection; Llama; Virus ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS-INFECTION; GUANACOS LAMA-GUANICOE; DIARRHEA-VIRUS; MOUTH-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; PERSISTENT INFECTION; NEONATAL DIARRHEA; GENOME SEQUENCE; VICUGNA-PACOS AB The increased popularity and population of New World camelids in the United States requires the development of a broader base of knowledge of the health and disease parameters for these animals by the veterinary livestock practitioner. Although our knowledge regarding infectious diseases of camelids has increased greatly over the past decade, the practice of camelid medicine is a relatively new field in North America, so it is important to seek out seasoned colleagues and diagnostic laboratories that are involved in camelid health treatment and diagnosis. C1 [Kapil, Sanjay] Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Yeary, Teresa] Vet Serv Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Evermann, James F.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kapil, S (reprint author), Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Farm & Ridge Rd, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM sanjay.kapil@okstate.edu NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 323 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.03.005 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 460SX UT WOS:000267208600007 PM 19460643 ER PT J AU Hu, XJ Meacham, T Ewing, L Gray, SM Karasev, AV AF Hu, Xiaojun Meacham, Teresa Ewing, Lorie Gray, Stewart M. Karasev, Alexander V. TI A novel recombinant strain of Potato virus Y suggests a new viral genetic determinant of vein necrosis in tobacco SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Potato virus Y; Tobacco vein necrosis; Virus genetic determinant ID TUBER NECROTIC RINGSPOT; HELPER COMPONENT-PROTEINASE; LONG-DISTANCE MOVEMENT; HC-PRO; ETCH POTYVIRUS; GENOME AMPLIFICATION; APHID TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; HOST-RANGE; PVYN AB A novel Potato virus Y (PVY) isolate, L26, recovered from a Frontier potato line was initially typed as a PVY(NTN) strain using multiplex RT-PCR and serological assays. However, L26 induced mosaic and mild vein clearing symptoms in tobacco rather than vein necrosis characteristic of the PVY 11 strain. The whole genome sequence was determined for L26 and two other PVY(NTN) isolates, HR1 and N4, from Idaho that did induce vein necrosis in tobacco. The sequence of all three isolates was similar to typical European PVY(NTN) isolates that contain three recombination junctions in their genome. The sequence of the L26genome was nearly identical to the genomes HR1, N4, and to a previously characterized PVY(NTN) isolate, 423-3, differing by only five nucleotides in the entire ca. 9.7-kb genome, only one resulting in a corresponding amino acid change, D-205 to G-205 in the central region of HC-Pro. Two "signature" amino acid residues, thought involved in induction of the vein necrosis syndrome in tobacco, K-400 and E-419, were present in the C-terminal region of HC-Pro of all three isolates. Multiple alignment of the whole genome sequences of L26 and other PVY(NTN) isolates whose phenotype in tobacco has been reported, suggests that a single nucleotide change (A-1,627 to G-1,627) resulting in the single amino acid change (D-205 to G-205) in the HC-Pro cistron of L26 correlates with the loss of the vein necrosis phenotype in tobacco. Secondary structure modeling of the HC-Pro protein predicts the G-205 residue, and the previously identified residues K-400 and E-419, would all be located on the exposed surface of the protein. Taken together, these data suggest that the vein necrosis genetic determinant of PVY in tobacco is complex and includes other element(s), in addition to the C-terminal fragment of HC-Pro. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Xiaojun; Meacham, Teresa; Ewing, Lorie; Karasev, Alexander V.] Univ Idaho, Dept PSES, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Gray, Stewart M.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Karasev, AV (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept PSES, POB 442339, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM akarasev@uidaho.edu RI Hu, Xiaojun/C-2608-2011 FU USDA-CSREES-NRICGP [2009-35600-05025]; USDA-ARS [58-1907-8-870] FX We would like to thank Emmanuel Jacquot and Camille Kerlan for many helpful discussions. This work was funded in part by USDA-CSREES-NRICGP (2009-35600-05025), the USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-1907-8-870, Idaho Potato Commission, and the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 50 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 143 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.03.008 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 457QW UT WOS:000266948200009 PM 19463723 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Moore, MT Cooper, CM Holland, MM AF Kroeger, R. Moore, M. T. Cooper, C. M. Holland, M. M. TI Diazinon Accumulation and Dissipation in Oryza sativa L. Following Simulated Agricultural Runoff Amendment in Flooded Rice Paddies SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Pesticide; Diazinon; Rice; Stormwater; Mitigation ID STORMWATER RUNOFF; CALIFORNIA USA; AQUATIC PLANTS; RIVER-BASIN; SOIL; PESTICIDES; FATE; IRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT AB Flooded post-harvest rice paddies were examined as systems for reducing diazinon (organophosphate insecticide) concentrations in stormwater runoff. Two paddies were cultivated in Oryza sativa L. and amended with a 3-h simulated stormwater diazinon runoff event. Initial diazinon adsorption peaked at 347 and 571 mu g kg(-1) (3% mass load reduction) for mean above-ground plant tissue concentrations in each pond, respectively. Subsequent senescence of above-ground tissue showed significant decreases in tissue mass (r(2)=0.985) and adsorbed diazinon mass (90+/-4% and 82+/-1%) within 1 month of amendment. There were no corollary increases in water column diazinon concentrations. Furthermore, control O. sativa tissue placed within the treatment ponds had below-detectable levels of diazinon throughout the decomposition phase, suggesting a lack of within pond transference of dissipated diazinon. This study shows the relative effectiveness of diazinon adsorption by post-harvest rice plants and a potential mitigation strategy of senescence and pesticide degradation for contaminated tailwater. C1 [Kroeger, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Moore, M. T.; Cooper, C. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Holland, M. M.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, POB 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rkroger@cfr.msstate.edu FU USDA-ARS; University of Mississippi [58-6408-1-095] FX Financial support was gratefully received through the cooperative agreement between the USDA-ARS and the University of Mississippi, No. 58-6408-1-095. Thanks go to the staff of the Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit at the USDA-ARS (Sam Testa, Charlie Bryant, Tim Sullivan, Calvin Vick, John Massey, and Terry Welch) for field help and especially to Lisa Brooks and Sammie Smith Jr. for sample preparation and analyses. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 201 IS 1-4 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1007/s11270-008-9938-y PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 457LD UT WOS:000266928600018 ER PT J AU Shivrain, VK Burgos, NR Sales, MA Mauromoustakos, A Gealy, DR Smith, KL Black, HL Jia, M AF Shivrain, Vinod K. Burgos, Nilda R. Sales, Marites A. Mauromoustakos, Andy Gealy, David R. Smith, Kenneth L. Black, Howard L. Jia, Melissa TI Factors Affecting the Outcrossing Rate between Clearfield (TM) Rice and Red Rice (Oryza sativa) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Acetolactate synthase (ALS); biosafety; flowering synchrony; gene flow; herbicide-resistance; imazethapyr-resistant rice; pollen flow; relative humidity ID HERBICIDE-RESISTANT RICE; GENE FLOW; CULTIVATED RICE; WEED; TEMPERATURE; HYBRIDS; POPULATIONS; STERILITY; DORMANCY; FITNESS AB The commercialization of imazethapyr-resistant (Clearfield (TM), CL) rice in the southern United States has raised serious concerns about gene flow to red rice, producing imazethapyr-resistant red rice Populations. Our objectives were to determine the impact of planting date, CL cultivars, and red rice biotypes on outcrossing rate; and to investigate the relative contribution of flowering time of CL rice and red rice biotypes, together with air temperature and relative humidity (RH), on outcrossing rate. Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart, Rohwer, and Kibler, AR, from 2005 to 2007, at three or four planting times from mid-April to late May. 'CL161' (inbred cultivar) and 'CLXL8' (hybrid) rice were planted in nine-row plots, with red rice planted in the middle row. Twelve red rice biotypes were used. The flowering of red rice and CL rice, air temperature, and RH were recorded. Red rice seeds were collected at maturity. To estimate outcrossing rate, resistance to imazethapyr was evaluated in subsequent years and confirmed using rice microsatellite markers. CLXL8 rice flowered 2 to 4 d earlier than CL161 rice, and flowering was completed within 1 wk in all plantings. The flowering duration of most red rice biotypes ranged from 4 to 17 d. Flowering synchrony of red rice biotypes and CL rice ranged from 0 to 100% at different plantings. In general, CLXL8 had greater flowering overlap and higher outcrossing rate with red rice than did CL161 rice. The outcrossing rate of red rice biotypes ranged from 0 to 0.21% and 0 to 1.26% with CL 161 and CLXL8 rice, respectively. The outcrossing rate differed within each planting date (P < 0.05). Outcrossing was generally lower in mid-May and late May than in mid-April and late April planting times. Flowering synchrony and outcrossing rate were not correlated (r(2) < 0.01). Outcrossing with CL161 was primarily influenced by red rice biotype. A minimum air temperature of > 24 C in the evening also favors outcrossing with CL161. With CLXL8 rice, outcrossing was most affected by RH. When RH was < 54%, outcrossing was less (0.12%) than when RH was >= 54% (0.38%). With CLXL8 rice, a minimum RH of >= 54%, from mid-morning to noon, increased outcrossing with red rice. To fully understand the interaction effects of these factors on outcrossing with red rice, controlled experiments are needed. C1 [Burgos, Nilda R.; Mauromoustakos, Andy] Univ Arkansas, Agr Stat Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Gealy, David R.; Black, Howard L.; Jia, Melissa] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Smith, Kenneth L.] Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Burgos, NR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Agr Stat Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM nburgos@uark.edu NR 37 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 394 EP 403 DI 10.1614/WS-09-003.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 475IC UT WOS:000268350800006 ER PT J AU Sosnoskie, LM Webster, TM Dales, D Rains, GC Grey, TL Culpepper, AS AF Sosnoskie, L. M. Webster, T. M. Dales, D. Rains, G. C. Grey, T. L. Culpepper, A. S. TI Pollen Grain Size, Density, and Settling Velocity for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gene flow; herbicide resistance; pollen movement ID HERBICIDE-RESISTANCE; GENE FLOW; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; WIND POLLINATION; SUGAR-BEET; GLYPHOSATE; FIELD; INTERFERENCE; COTTON; TUBERCULATUS AB Palmer amaranth is resistant to several herbicides, including glyphosate, and there is concern that the resistance traits can be transferred between spatially segregated populations via pollen movement. The objective of this study was to describe the physical properties of Palmer amaranth pollen, specifically size, density, and settling velocity (V(s)), that influence pollen flight. The mean diameter for Palmer amaranth pollen, as determined by light microscopy, was 31 mu m (range of 21 to 38 mu m); mean pollen diameter as measured with the use of an electronic particle sizer was 27 mu m (range of 21 to 35 mu m). The mean density of the solid portion of the pollen grain was 1,435 kg m(-3). Accounting for the density of the aqueous fraction, the mean density of a fully hydrated pollen grain was 1,218 kg m(-3). By Stokes's law, the estimated mean theoretical V(s) for individual Palmer amaranth pollen grains was 3.4 cm s(-1) for the range of pollen diameters with a mean of 31 mu m and 2.6 cm s(-1) for the range of pollen diameters with a mean of 27 mu m. Results from laboratory studies indicated the majority of single pollen grains settled at a rate of 5.0 cm s(-1). The difference between the theoretical and empirical estimates of V(s) was likely due to changes in pollen density and shape postanthesis, which are not accounted for using Stokes's law, as well as the presence pollen clusters. C1 [Sosnoskie, L. M.; Grey, T. L.; Culpepper, A. S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA USA. [Webster, T. M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Dales, D.; Rains, G. C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sosnoskie, LM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA USA. EM lynnsos@uga.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; Sosnoskie, Lynn/A-8854-2014 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Sosnoskie, Lynn/0000-0002-1892-7934 FU Georgia Cotton Commission and Cotton Incorporated FX The authors would like to thank Duncan McClusky for his assistance with the literature search and Caleb Latham for his help with pollen collection. This research was funded in part by grants from the Georgia Cotton Commission and Cotton Incorporated. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 404 EP 409 DI 10.1614/WS-08-157.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 475IC UT WOS:000268350800007 ER PT J AU Krutz, LJ Burke, IC Reddy, KN Zablotowicz, RM Price, AJ AF Krutz, L. Jason Burke, Ian C. Reddy, Krishna N. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Price, Andrew J. TI Enhanced Atrazine Degradation: Evidence for Reduced Residual Weed Control and a Method for Identifying Adapted Soils and Predicting Herbicide Persistence SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Simazine; cross-adaptation; persistence model; half-life ID SP STRAIN ADP; GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT CORN; S-TRIAZINE HERBICIDE; PSEUDOMONAS SP; ALLOPHANATE HYDROLASE; FIELD CONDITIONS; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; LOAM SOIL; MINERALIZATION; DISSIPATION AB Soilborne bacteria with novel metabolic abilities have been linked with enhanced atrazine degradation and complaints of reduced residual weed control in soils with all s-triazine use history. However, no field study has verified that enhanced degradation reduces atrazine's residual weed control. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare atrazine persistence and prickly sida density in s-triazine-adapted and nonadapted Field sites at two planting dates; (2) utilize original and published data to construct a diagnostic test for identifying s-triazine-adapted soils; and (3) develop and validate an s-triazine persistence model based oil data generated from the diagnostic test, i.e., mineralization of ring-labeled (14)C-s-triazine. Atrazine half-life values in s-triazine-adapted soil were at least 1.4-fold lower than nonadapted soil and 5-fold lower than historic estimates (60 d). At both planting dates atrazine reduced prickly sida density in the nonadapted soils (P <= 0.0091). Conversely, in the s-triazine-adapted soil, prickly sida density was not different between no atrazine PRE and atrazine PRE at the March 15 planting date (P = 0.1397). A lack of significance in this contrast signifies that enhanced degradation call reduce atrazine's residual control of sensitive weed species. Analyses Of published data indicate that Cumulative mineralization in excess of 50% of C(0) after 30 d of incubation is diagnostic for enhanced s-triazine degradation. An s-triazine persistence model was developed and validated; model predictions for atrazine persistence under field conditions were within the 95% confidence intervals of observed values. Results indicate that enhanced atrazine degradation call decrease the herbicide's persistence and residual activity; however, coupling the diagnostic test with the persistence model could enable weed scientists to identify s-triazine-adapted soils, predict herbicide C1 [Krutz, L. Jason; Reddy, Krishna N.; Zablotowicz, Robert M.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Burke, Ian C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Price, Andrew J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jason.krutz@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1614/WS-09-010.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 475IC UT WOS:000268350800010 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Hall, JC Jasieniuk, M Locke, MA Luschei, EC Mortensen, DA Riechers, DE Smith, RG Sterling, TM Westwood, JH AF Davis, Adam S. Hall, J. Christopher Jasieniuk, Marie Locke, Martin A. Luschei, Edward C. Mortensen, David A. Riechers, Dean E. Smith, Richard G. Sterling, Tracy M. Westwood, James H. TI Weed Science Research and Funding: A Call to Action SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; ECOLOGY; FUTURE AB Weed science has contributed much to agriculture, forestry and natural resource management during its history. However, if it is to remain relevant as a scientific discipline, it is long past time for weed scientists to move beyond a dominating focus on herbicide efficacy resting and address the basic science underlying complex issues in vegetation management at many levels of biological organization currently being solved by others, such as invasion ecologists and molecular biologists. Weed science must not be circumscribed by a narrowly-defined set of tools but rather be seen as an integrating discipline. As a means of assessing current and future research interests and funding trends among weed scientists, the Weed Science Society of America conducted an online survey of its members in summer of 2007. There were 304 respondents out of a membership of 1330 at the time of the Survey, a response rate of 23%. The largest group of respondents (41%) reported working on research problems primarily focused on herbicide efficacy and maintenance, funded mainly by private industry sources. Another smaller group of respondents (22%) reported focusing on research topics with a complex systems focus (such as invasion biology, ecosystem restoration, ecological weed management, and the genetics, molecular biology, and physiology of weedy traits), funded primarily by public sources. Increased cooperation between these complementary groups of scientists will be an essential step in making weed science increasingly relevant to the complex vegetation management issues of the 21st century. C1 [Davis, Adam S.] USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hall, J. Christopher] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Jasieniuk, Marie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Locke, Martin A.] USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Luschei, Edward C.] Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mortensen, David A.; Smith, Richard G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Riechers, Dean E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sterling, Tracy M.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Westwood, James H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM asdavis1@illinois.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 20 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 442 EP 448 DI 10.1614/WS-09-020.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 475IC UT WOS:000268350800012 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN Bryson, CT AF Reddy, Krishna N. Bryson, Charles T. TI In-Crop and Autumn-Applied Glyphosate Reduced Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Density in No-Till Glyphosate-Resistant Corn and Soybean SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conservation tillage; transgenic crop; weed density; weed management ID GLYCINE-MAX; ESCULENTUS; YELLOW; TRANSLOCATION; ABSORPTION; HERBICIDES; COTTON; WEEDS AB A 3-yr field study was conducted from 2005 to 2007 at Stoneville, MS, to determine efficacy of in-crop and autumn-applied glyphosate on purple nutsedge density and yield of no-till glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn and GR soybean. Separate experiments were conducted in GR corn and GR soybean in areas maintained under a no-tillage system after the autumn of 2004. Each experiment was conducted in a split-plot arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete-block design with and without autumn application of glyphosate at 1.68 kg ae/ha as main plots and in-crop herbicide application (glyphosate- and nonglyphosate-based programs) as subplots with three replications. In GR corn, glyphosate applied in the autumn reduced purple nutsedge density by 40 to 67% compared with no glyphosate during 3 yr. In GR corn, glyphosate applied in-crop reduced purple nutsedge shoot density by 48% in 2005, 92% in 2006, and 100% in 2007 compared with no herbicide. However, GR corn yields were unaffected by either in-crop or autumn-applied glyphosate. In GR soybean, glyphosate applied in the autumn reduced purple nutsedge shoot density by 64 to 83% compared with no glyphosate during 3 yr. Glyphosate applied in-crop in GR soybean reduced purple nutsedge density by 81% in 2005 and by 100% in 2006 and 2007 compared with no herbicide. GR soybean yields were similar in 2005, but yields were 34 and 18% higher in 2006 and 2007, respectively, with autumn-applied glyphosate compared with no glyphosate. GR soybean yields were higher with glyphosate applied in-crop compared with no herbicide in 2 of 3 yr. These results indicate that purple nutsedge density could be reduced with glyphosate applied in-crop in no-till GR corn and GR soybean. In addition, autumn-applied glyphosate was effective in reducing purple nutsedge populations following harvest of crops and could be an effective purple nutsedge management strategy regardless of GR trait. C1 [Reddy, Krishna N.; Bryson, Charles T.] Agr Res Serv, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM krishna.reddy@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 384 EP 390 DI 10.1614/WT-09-016.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 496XZ UT WOS:000270015000009 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, Randy L. TI A 2-Year Small Grain Interval Reduces Need for Herbicides in No-Till Soybean SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternative weed control; cool-season crops; corn; cover crops; cultural weed management; no-till; residue management ID WEED MANAGEMENT; PEST-MANAGEMENT; GREAT-PLAINS; COVER CROPS; AGRICULTURE; SYSTEMS; CORN; CHALLENGES; FUTURE; YIELD AB This study measured weed interference in soybean and corn as affected by residue management tactics following a sequence of oat and winter wheat. Residue management tactics compared were conventional tillage, no-till, and no-till plus cover crops. Treatments were split into weed-free and weed-infested conditions; prominent weeds were green and yellow foxtail and common lambsquarters. Grain yield of soybean did not differ between weed-free and weed-infested conditions with no-till, whereas weeds reduced yield 25% in the tilled system. Corn responded inconsistently to treatments, with more than 40% yield loss due to weed interference in 1 yr with all treatments. Cover crops did not improve weed management compared with no-till in either crop. Seedling emergence of the weed community differed between tillage and no-till; density of weed seedlings was fivefold higher with tillage, whereas seedling emergence was delayed in no-till. The initial flush of seedlings occurred 2 to 3 wk later in no-till compared with the tilled system. Designing rotations to include cool-season crops in a no-till system may eliminate the need for herbicides in soybean to manage weeds. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM randy.anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 398 EP 403 DI 10.1614/WT-09-030.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 496XZ UT WOS:000270015000011 ER PT J AU Culpepper, AS Grey, TL Webster, TM AF Culpepper, A. Stanley Grey, Timothy L. Webster, Theodore M. TI Vegetable Response to Herbicides Applied to Low-Density Polyethylene Mulch Prior to Transplant SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crop injury; crop tolerance; herbicide removal from plastic mulch; methyl bromide alternatives ID METHYL-BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES; PHOTODEGRADATION; SQUASH AB Few herbicides are available for weed control in vegetable production systems using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic mulch. With the elimination of methyl bromide for pest management and subsequent use of various alternative fumigants, the need for herbicides in vegetable production systems has increased. An experiment was conducted to evaluate tolerance of transplant summer squash and tomato to carfentrazone, flumioxazin, glyphosate, halosulfuron, or paraquat applied to the mulch prior to transplanting. After applying herbicides overtop of the mulch but prior to vegetable transplant, the mulch was either irrigated with 1.0 cm of water or not irrigated. Carfentrazone did not affect either crop regardless of irrigation. Irrigation readily removed glyphosate and paraquat from the mulch, as there was no adverse crop injury in these treatments. In the absence of irrigation, glyphosate and paraquat reduced squash diameter and tomato heights 18 to 34% at 3 wk after transplanting (WAT). Squash and tomato fruit numbers and fruit biomass (yield) were reduced 17 to 37%, and 25 to 33%, respectively. Halosulfuron reduced squash diameter and yield 71 to 74% and tomato heights and yields 16 to 37% when mulch was not irrigated prior to transplanting. After irrigating, halosulfuron had no affect on tomato, but reduced squash growth and yield 40 to 44%. Flumioxazin killed both crops when the mulch was not irrigated; and reduced squash yield 56% when irrigated. With irrigation, flumioxazin did not impact tomato fruit number, but did reduce tomato weight by 25%. These Studies demonstrate the safety of carfentrazone, applied on mulch prior to transplanting either squash or tomato, regardless of irrigation, and also demonstrate the safety of glyphosate and paraquat if irrigated prior to transplanting. Conversely, flumioxazin should not be applied over mulch before transplanting either crop, regardless of irrigation. Halosulfuron application over mulch should be avoided before transplanting squash, regardless of irrigation, but can be applied prior to transplanting tomato if irrigated. C1 [Culpepper, A. Stanley; Grey, Timothy L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Culpepper, AS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM stanley@uga.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1614/WT-08-135.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 496XZ UT WOS:000270015000019 ER PT J AU Wehtje, G Atland, JE Gilliam, CH Marble, SC Van Hoogmoed, AJ Fain, GB AF Wehtje, Glenn Atland, James E. Gilliam, Charles H. Marble, Stephen C. Van Hoogmoed, Albert J. Fain, Glenn B. TI Weed Growth and Efficacy of PRE-Applied Herbicides in Alternative Rooting Substrates Used in Container-Grown Nursery Crops SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Clean chip residual; ornamental plant production; pine bark; soilless growth media; southern pine forestry ID PINE TREE SUBSTRATE AB Container-grown nursery crops in the southeastern United States are typically grown in a rooting Substrate comprised primarily of the ground bark of pine trees. However, pine bark is becoming less available and more costly because Of changes in production and marketing practices within Southeastern pine forestry. This shortage has resulted in the economic incentive to seek pine bark alternatives. Two possible alternatives are clean chip residual and whole tree. These alternatives are like pine bark, because both are products Of Southern pine forestry. Unlike pine bark, which is a single part of the tree, these alternatives contain all parts of the tree, including wood and foliage in various portions. Registration of preemergence-active herbicides has been based solely upon data obtained from pine bark-based nursery production. Research was conducted to determine if the control of (1) large crabgrass with prodiamine, (2) eclipta with flumioxazin, and (3) spotted spurge with isoxaben would be comparable in these alternatives to what has been established in pine bark. Seed germination of all three weed species in no-herbicide controls was approximately 10% and equivalent between pine bark and the alternatives. Foliage fresh weight production of large crabgrass and spotted spurge was less in the alternatives compared to pine bark; eclipta was not affected. For all three weed species-herbicide combinations, weed control was nearly identical between pine bark and the alternative Substrates, provided the herbicide had been applied at its registered rate. For all three herbicides, rates that are effective in pine bark Substrates will be equally effective in the pine bark alternatives. C1 [Wehtje, Glenn; Gilliam, Charles H.; Marble, Stephen C.; Van Hoogmoed, Albert J.; Fain, Glenn B.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Atland, James E.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Wehtje, G (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM wehtjgr@auburn.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1614/WT-09-011.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 496XZ UT WOS:000270015000021 ER PT J AU Andersen, HE Clarkin, T Winterberger, K Strunk, J AF Andersen, Hans-Erik Clarkin, Tobey Winterberger, Ken Strunk, Jacob TI An Accuracy Assessment of Positions Obtained Using Survey- and Recreational-Grade Global Positioning System Receivers across a Range of Forest Conditions within the Tanana Valley of Interior Alaska SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE GPS; accuracy; measurements; inventory ID GPS ACCURACY; PERFORMANCE; CANOPY AB The accuracy of recreational- and survey-grade global positioning system (GPS) receivers was evaluated across a range of forest conditions in the Tanana Valley of interior Alaska. High-accuracy check points, established using high-order instruments and closed-traverse surveying methods, were then used to evaluate the accuracy of positions acquired in different forest types using a recreational-grade GPS unit and a Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS)-enabled survey-grade unit, over a range of acquisition and postprocessing alternatives, including distance to base station, or baseline length (0-10, 10-50, 50-100, and >100 km), use of Russian GLONASS satellites, and occupation times (5, 10, and 20 minutes). The accuracy of recreational-grade GPS was 3-7 m across all sites. For survey-grade units, accuracies were influenced by forest type and baseline length, with lower errors observed with more open stands and shorter baseline lengths. The use of GLONASS satellites improved positions by a small but appreciable amount, and longer observation times (20 minutes) resulted in more reliably accurate positions across all sites. In general, these results indicate that if forest inventory plots in interior Alaska and other high-latitude regions of the world are occupied for 20 minutes with survey-grade instruments, positions with submeter error can be consistently obtained across a wide range of conditions. C1 [Andersen, Hans-Erik; Winterberger, Ken] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage Forestry Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. [Clarkin, Tobey; Strunk, Jacob] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Andersen, HE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage Forestry Sci Lab, 3301 C St,Suite 200, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 128 EP 136 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 512DA UT WOS:000271222400003 ER PT J AU Hennon, PE McClellan, MH Spores, SR Orlikowska, EH AF Hennon, Paul E. McClellan, Michael H. Spores, Sheila R. Orlikowska, Ewa H. TI Survival and Growth of Planted Yellow-Cedar Seedlings and Rooted Cuttings (Stecklings) near Ketchikan, Alaska SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Alaska-cedar; Chamaecyparis nootkatensis; artificial regeneration; browsing ID CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS STECKLINGS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; CUPRESSACEAE; TREES; PHOTOPERIOD; HARDINESS; DYNAMICS; DECLINE; FOREST AB The survival and growth of yellow-cedor (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) seedlings and rooted cuttings (stecklings) were monitored for 6 years after planting of three sites near Ketchikan in southeast Alaska to determine whether stecklings could serve as a suitable planting stock. Survival for both seedlings and stecklings was >85% at the three sites. Survival, final diameter, and final height differed by site but not by the use or absence of Vexar as protection from browsing by Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis). Vexar produced a lower rate of browsing but contributed to form problems (especially leaving trees leaning and prostrate on the ground). Seedlings had significantly greater diameters than stecklings even though they experienced a higher rate of browsing at one site. Differences in diameter and height likely were due to genetic variation rather than seedling or steckling stock type. Stecklings appear to be a suitable source of planting stock; when used for large-scale reforestation efforts, genetic considerations are essential. Planting recommendations for maximizing yellow-cedar establishment during regeneration are given. C1 [Hennon, Paul E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Hlth Protect & Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [McClellan, Michael H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Spores, Sheila R.] US Forest Serv, Tongass Natl Forest, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. RP Hennon, PE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Hlth Protect & Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 144 EP 150 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 512DA UT WOS:000271222400005 ER PT J AU Lindsay, A Oester, P Cole, E AF Lindsay, Amanda Oester, Paul Cole, Elizabeth TI Twenty-Year Response of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) to Treatment with Hexazinone in Northeastern Oregon SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE broadcast application; spot application; herbicide; silviculture; site preparation ID INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; NORTHERN CONIFERS; CRITICAL PERIOD; GROWTH; VEGETATION; PLANTATIONS; RADIATA AB Chemical control of competing vegetation with hexazinone is a common and effective silvicultural treatment for ensuring ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) plantation success on dry sites in the western United States, yet few studies document the effect for more than the first few years after planting. This study, re-evaluated 20 years after planting, followed ponderosa pine growth and survival when hexazinone was applied in broadcast and spot treatments for control of competing vegetation. We continued work from the first 5 years after establishment that identified early differences in ponderosa pine seedling survival and growth with treatment Examination of 20-year trends indicated that individual tree volume and volume per hectare continued to diverge among treatments. The economic differences among treatments may increase as more surviving, faster-growing trees in the broadcast treatments reach higher-value products sooner Initial control of competing vegetation increased the likelihood of seedling survival and increased tree size after 20 years. Results pertained to ponderosa pine of the Douglas-fir/spiraea (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Beissn./Spiraea betulifolia Pall) and Douglas-fir/common snowberry (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Beissn./Symphoricarpos albus [L.] S. F. Blake) plant associations in northeastern Oregon, but they should apply to similar sites throughout much of the intermountain West. C1 [Lindsay, Amanda] US Forest Serv, John Day, OR 97845 USA. [Oester, Paul] Oregon State Univ, Extens Serv, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Cole, Elizabeth] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lindsay, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 431 Patterson Bridge Rd, John Day, OR 97845 USA. FU E I dv Pont de Nemours and Company; BASF Corporation FX Amanda Lindsay (almdsay@fs.fed.us). US Forest Service, 431 Patterson Bridge Rd., John Day, OR 97845 Paul Oester. Oregon State Untversity Extension Service, La Grande. OR 97850 Elizabeth Cole, Oregon State University. Department of Forest Engineering, Resources. and Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 The authors thank Alike Newton, Doug Magure. John Batley. and Andy Youngblood for their expert assistance in preparing and editing the manuscript We also thank Joe Justice, Jered Schwabauer, and Forest Capital Partners for their insight and funding of this project. E I dv Pont de Nemours and Company and BASF Corporation for their funding support, and Oregon State University Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center for use of their land for the study. We also thank two anonymous reviewers their comments tbat have helped improve this article NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 512DA UT WOS:000271222400006 ER PT J AU McCaughey, W Scott, GL Izlar, KL AF McCaughey, Ward Scott, Glenda L. Izlar, Kay L. TI Whitebark Pine Planting Guidelines SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus albicaulis; reforestation; free-planting; seedlings; plantations AB This article incorporates new information into previous whitebark pine guidelines for planting prescriptions. Earlier 2006 guidelines were developed based on review of general literature, research studies, field observations, and standard US Forest Service survival surveys of high-elevation whitebark pine plantations A recent study of biotic and abiotic factors affecting survival in whitebark pine plantations was conducted to determine survival rates over time and over a wide range of geographic locations. In these revised guidelines, we recommend reducing or avoiding overstary and understory competition, avoiding swales or frost pockets, providing shade and wind protection, protecting seedlings from heavy snow loads and soil movement, providing adequate growing space, avoiding sites with lodgepole or mixing with other free species, and avoiding planting next to snags C1 [McCaughey, Ward] US Forest Serv, Forests & Woodlands Erosyst Program, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP McCaughey, W (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forests & Woodlands Erosyst Program, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 512DA UT WOS:000271222400008 ER PT J AU Chen, GC AF Chen, George C. TI TREATMENT OF WOOD WITH POLYSILICIC ACID DERIVED FROM SODIUM SILICATE FOR FUNGAL DECAY PROTECTION SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Convention of the Society-of-Wood-Science-and-Technology CY JUN 24, 2009 CL Boise, ID SP Soc Wood Sci & Technol DE Fungal decay protection; impregnation; moisture sorption; polysilicic acid; surfactant property AB The aim of this study was to investigate safer, more inexpensive chemicals derived from sodium silicate that can be used to protect wood against fungal degradation. Desiccant and surfactant properties of sodium silicate-derived products have been used since the early 19th century and may find application for wood decay protection. In our study, wood was impregnated with 19.5% sodium silicate and acidified with 2.5% phosphoric acid for 2 da to produce polysilicic acid. After 2-wk daily water leaching, leached specimens had 0.2% weight loss by a brown-rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum, and weight losses of 3.4 - 5.2% by a white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor. The control had 32.2 and 30.2% weight losses by G. trabeum and T. versicolor. respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed that polysilicic acid deposited mainly in the cell lumens. Exposure at 90% RH showed that polysilicic acid-treated loblolly pine or sweet gum that had been water-leached with 22 - 34% chemical retention absorbed more moisture than untreated wood. This indicated that decay resistance of polysilicic acid-treated wood is caused by a different mechanism than desiccation. One possible mechanism may be attributed to direct disruption of permeability of fungal cell membranes by the low-molecular-weight polysilicic acid. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Chen, GC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM gchen@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 220 EP 228 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 479VB UT WOS:000268688300003 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, CA AF Devine, Warren D. Harrington, Constance A. TI RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FOLIAR PHENOLOGY RADIAL GROWTH RATE, AND XYLEM DENSITY IN A YOUNG DOUGLAS-FIR PLANTATION SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Convention of the Society-of-Wood-Science-and-Technology CY JUN 24, 2009 CL Boise, ID SP Soc Wood Sci & Technol DE Phenology; foliage; xylem density; radial growth; second flushing; Douglas-fir; soil water; vegetation control ID WOOD DENSITY; LATEWOOD FORMATION; CAMBIAL PHENOLOGY; LEADER GROWTH; TRANSITION; SEEDLINGS; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; WASHINGTON; EARLYWOOD AB We related intra-annual patterns in radial growth rate and xylem density to foliar phenology and second growth flushes in a young Douglas-fir plantation in western Washington. Three foliar maturity classes were defined: (1) shoots and needles elongating; (2) elongation complete, needles maturing; and (3) needles mature. Diameter growth rate had two peaks. one about the time of budbreak and one when foliage was in maturity Class 2. There was a limit to the maximum periodic density of xylem formed at a given rate of diameter growth; as growth rate increased, maximum periodic density decreased. Although xylem density profiles varied widely among individual trees, xylem density differed significantly among foliar maturity classes. increasing 16% from Class 1 to 2 and 60% from Class 2 to 3. Diameter growth rate of second-flushing trees was significantly greater in July compared with trees with no second flush, but we detected no relationships between second-flushing and xylem density patterns or false rings. Although the young trees in this study did not show distinct early wood-latewood transitions, fully mature foliage (Class 3) was associated with formation of xylem exhibiting characteristics of latewood: greater density, reduced diameter growth rate, reduced tracheid radial diameter. and less interannual growth variation. C1 [Devine, Warren D.; Harrington, Constance A.] USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 300 EP 312 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 479VB UT WOS:000268688300011 ER PT J AU Shim, KB Wolfe, RW Begel, M AF Shim, Kug-Bo Wolfe, Ronald W. Begel, Marshall TI NAILED MORTISED-PLATE CONNECTIONS FOR SMALL-DIAMETER ROUND TIMBER SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Convention of the Society-of-Wood-Science-and-Technology CY JUN 24, 2009 CL Boise, ID SP Soc Wood Sci & Technol DE Small-diameter round timber; connections; power-driven nails; design value; failure mode AB In an effort to encourage the development of value-added engineered applications for small-diameter round timber. research is being conducted at the US Forest Products Laboratory to develop and verify design guidelines for connections with specific application to round timbers. The objective of this study is to provide potential users with a number of viable connection options applicable to the fabrication of engineered, round-timber structural components and systems. Target uses include trusses, built-up flange beams, and space frames. This article presents information on a mortised steel-plate connection fabricated using power-driven nails in 150-mm-dia ponderosa pine. The article discusses methods used to determine per nail load capacity and to develop design procedures that incorporate that value in the determination of a multinail connection design value. These connections offer the advantage of low labor and material cost, ductile failure modes, and strengths in the range of 4.7 kN/nail. The failure of the connections was mode III nail failure and wood block shear failure. Joints that failed in block shear appeared to have roughly the same strength as those that failed from nail yield. The National Design Specification yield model for nails provides accurate predictions of joint capacity for nail yield-type failure,, and overestimates strength of joints that exhibit wood failure. Block shear capacity can be estimated on the basis of clear-wood strength and effective tensile and shear area of the connection. C1 [Shim, Kug-Bo] Korea Forest Res Inst, Dept Forest Prod, Seoul 130712, South Korea. [Wolfe, Ronald W.; Begel, Marshall] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Mech Engn Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Shim, KB (reprint author), Korea Forest Res Inst, Dept Forest Prod, Seoul 130712, South Korea. EM kbshim@forest.go.kr NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 313 EP 321 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 479VB UT WOS:000268688300012 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Tang, CL Zhang, G Li, YC Wang, CF Liu, B Qu, ZP Zhao, J Han, QM Huang, LL Chen, XM Kang, ZS AF Wang, Xiaojie Tang, Chunlei Zhang, Gang Li, Yingchun Wang, Chenfang Liu, Bo Qu, Zhipeng Zhao, Jie Han, Qingmei Huang, Lili Chen, Xianming Kang, Zhensheng TI cDNA-AFLP analysis reveals differential gene expression in compatible interaction of wheat challenged with Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE EXPRESSION; UROMYCES-VICIAE-FABAE; POWDERY MILDEW; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; MAP KINASE; LEAF RUST; SP PISI; PLANT; RESISTANCE; INFECTION AB Background: Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is a fungal pathogen causing stripe rust, one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide. The fungus is strictly biotrophic and thus, completely dependent on living host cells for its reproduction, which makes it difficult to study genes of the pathogen. In spite of its economic importance, little is known about the molecular basis of compatible interaction between the pathogen and wheat host. In this study, we identified wheat and P. striiformis genes associated with the infection process by conducting a large-scale transcriptomic analysis using cDNA-AFLP. Results: Of the total 54,912 transcript derived fragments (TDFs) obtained using cDNA-AFLP with 64 primer pairs, 2,306 (4.2%) displayed altered expression patterns after inoculation, of which 966 showed up-regulated and 1,340 down-regulated. 186 TDFs produced reliable sequences after sequencing of 208 TDFs selected, of which 74 (40%) had known functions through BLAST searching the GenBank database. Majority of the latter group had predicted gene products involved in energy (13%), signal transduction (5.4%), disease/ defence (5.9%) and metabolism (5% of the sequenced TDFs). BLAST searching of the wheat stem rust fungus genome database identified 18 TDFs possibly from the stripe rust pathogen, of which 9 were validated of the pathogen origin using PCR-based assays followed by sequencing confirmation. Of the 186 reliable TDFs, 29 homologous to genes known to play a role in disease/defense, signal transduction or uncharacterized genes were further selected for validation of cDNA-AFLP expression patterns using qRT-PCR analyses. Results confirmed the altered expression patterns of 28 (96.5%) genes revealed by the cDNA-AFLP technique. Conclusion: The results show that cDNA-AFLP is a reliable technique for studying expression patterns of genes involved in the wheat-stripe rust interactions. Genes involved in compatible interactions between wheat and the stripe rust pathogen were identified and their expression patterns were determined. The present study should be helpful in elucidating the molecular basis of the infection process, and identifying genes that can be targeted for inhibiting the growth and reproduction of the pathogen. Moreover, this study can also be used to elucidate the defence responses of the genes that were of plant origin. C1 [Wang, Xiaojie; Tang, Chunlei; Zhang, Gang; Li, Yingchun; Wang, Chenfang; Liu, Bo; Qu, Zhipeng; Zhao, Jie; Han, Qingmei; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiaojie; Tang, Chunlei; Zhang, Gang; Li, Yingchun; Wang, Chenfang; Liu, Bo; Qu, Zhipeng; Zhao, Jie; Han, Qingmei; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Shaanxi Key Lab Mol Biol Agr, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kang, ZS (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM wangxiaojie@nwsuaf.edu.cn; tclbad@163.com; jay_gumling2003@nwsuaf.edu.cn; lyc046@126.com; ff5573@yahoo.com.cn; ilisaliu@gmail.com; quzp2005@126.com; jiezhao@nwsuaf.edu.cn; hanqm9@163.com; huanglili@nwsuaf.edu.cn; xianming@wsu.edu; kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn RI Zhao, jing/B-7349-2008; OI Wang, Xiaojie/0000-0001-9968-0373 FU National 863 Research Program [2006AA10A104]; National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB708208]; Nature Science Foundation of China [30671350]; Ministry of Education of China [200558, B07049] FX This study was supported by grants from the National 863 Research Program (2006AA10A104), National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2006CB708208), Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 30671350), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities, Ministry of Education of China (No. 200558) and the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (B07049). NR 50 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 30 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 289 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-289 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 480RN UT WOS:000268754600001 PM 19566949 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, VH Giraldo, C AF Gonzalez, Victor H. Giraldo, Catalina TI NEW ANDEAN BEE SPECIES OF CHILICOLA SPINOLA (HYMENOPTERA: COLLETIDAE, XEROMELISSINAE) WITH NOTES ON THEIR BIOLOGY SO CALDASIA LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; Colombia; Grotea; Paramo; Systematics AB We describe and illustrate three new bee species of the genus Chilicola Spinola that occur at high altitudes in the Eastern Andes of Colombia: C. (Anoediscelis) paramoides Gonzalez sp. nov., C. (Hylaeosoma) bochica Gonzalez sp. nov., and C. (Oroediscelis) deborahae Gonzalez sp. nov. We also provide biological notes and discuss the phylogenetic relationships of C. deborahae; nests of this species were found inside dry flower sterns of Espeletia argentea Humb. & Bonpl. (Asteraceae) and a palynological analysis showed that 80 % of the pollen grains found in brood cells belonged to Arcytophyllum aff. nitidum and A. muticum (Rubiaceae). The ichneumonid wasp Grotea sp. is also recorded parasitizing brood cells of C. deborahoe. C1 [Gonzalez, Victor H.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Giraldo, Catalina] Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Ciencias Nat, Bogota, DC, Colombia. RP Gonzalez, VH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM victorgonzab@gmail.com; mcatagiraldo@yahoo.com.mx RI Gonzalez Betancourt, Victor /B-9528-2011 FU Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (Villa de Leyva); el Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia FX We thank J. Rodriguez, P. Sepulveda, J. Koch, K. Huntzinger, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript; C. D. Michener, M. S. Engel, Z. Falin, and J. Thomas for access to the bee collection at SEMC; Prof. O. Rangel for laboratory facilities at ICN, A. Herrera for identifying the ichneumonid wasp, and The Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (Villa de Leyva) and el Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia for their outstanding logistical Support and for generously providing both permission to work in the park and lodging to V.G. during this study. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST CIENCIAS NATURALES, MUSEO HISTORIA NATURAL PI BOGOTA PA FAC CIENCIAS, UNIV NACIONAL COLOMBIA, APARTADO 7495, BOGOTA, 00000, COLOMBIA SN 0366-5232 J9 CALDASIA JI Caldasia PD JUN 30 PY 2009 VL 31 IS 1 BP 145 EP 154 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Zoology SC Plant Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Zoology GA 476PE UT WOS:000268453700011 ER PT J AU Haywood, JD AF Haywood, James D. TI Eight years of seasonal burning and herbicidal brush control influence sapling longleaf pine growth, understory vegetation, and the outcome of an ensuing wildfire SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus palustris Mill.; Prescribed fire; Triclopyr herbicide; Vegetation management ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; 6 GROWING SEASONS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; TREE MORTALITY; BARK BEETLES; ASSOCIATION; ECOSYSTEMS; STANDS AB To study how fire or herbicide use influences longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) overstory and understory vegetation, five treatments were initiated in a 5-6-year-old longleaf pine stand: check, biennial arborescent plant control by directed herbicide application, and biennial burning in March May,, or July. The herbicide or prescribed fire treatments were applied in 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2005. All prescribed fires were intense and averaged 700 kJ/s/m of fire front across all 12 burns. Using pretreatment variables as covariates, longleaf pine survival and volume per hectare were significantly less on the three prescribed fire treatments than on checks. Least-square means in 2006 for survival were 70, 65, 64, 58, and 56% and volume per hectare was 129, 125, 65, 84, and 80 m(3)/ha on the check, herbicide, March-, May-, and July-burn treatments, respectively. A wildfire in March 2007 disproportionately killed pine trees on the study plots. In October 2007, pine volume per hectare was 85, 111, 68, 98, and 93 m(3)/ha and survival was 32, 41, 53, 57, and 55% on the check, herbicide, March-, May-, and July-burn treatments, respectively, after dropping trees that died through January 2009 from the database. Understory plant cover was also affected by treatment and the ensuing wildfire. In September 2006, herbaceous plant cover averaged 4% on the two unburned treatments and 42% on the three prescribed fire treatments. Seven months after the wildfire, herbaceous plant cover averaged 42% on the two previously unburned treatments and 50% on the three prescribed fire treatments. Before the wildfire, understory tree cover was significantly greater on checks (15%) than on the other four treatments (1.3%), but understory tree cover was similar across all five treatments 7 months after the wildfire averaging 1.1%. The greater apparent intensity of the wildfire on the previously unburned treatments most likely resulted from a greater accumulation of fuels on the check and herbicide plots that also collectively had a higher caloric content than fuels on the biennially prescribed burned plots. These results showed the destructive force of wildfire to overstory trees in unburned longleaf pine stands while also demonstrating the rejuvenating effects of wildfire within herbaceous plant communities. They caution for careful reintroduction of prescribed fire even if fire was excluded for less than a decade. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Haywood, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM dhaywood@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 30 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 3 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.016 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 464AY UT WOS:000267478000011 ER PT J AU Keskinen, LA Burke, A Annous, BA AF Keskinen, Lindsey A. Burke, Angela Annous, Bassam A. TI Efficacy of chlorine, acidic electrolyzed water and aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions to decontaminate Escherichia coli O157:H7 from lettuce leaves SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157:H7; Lettuce; Leafy greens; Sanitizer; Chlorine dioxide; Chlorine; Acidified sodium chlorite; Acidic electrolyzed water ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; OXIDIZING WATER; SENSORY QUALITY; O157-H7; SANITIZERS; SALMONELLA; DISINFECTANTS; INOCULATION; VIABILITY; PATHOGENS AB This study compared the efficacy of chlorine (20-200 ppm), acidic electrolyzed water (50 ppm chlorine, pH 2.6), acidified sodium chlorite (20-200 ppm chlorite ion concentration, Sanova (R)), and aqueous chlorine dioxide (20-200 ppm chlorite ion concentration, TriNova (R)) washes in reducing Populations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on artificially inoculated lettuce. Fresh-cut leaves of Romaine or Iceberg lettuce were inoculated by immersion in water containing E. coli O157:H7 (8 log CFU/ml) for 5 min and dried in a salad spinner. Leaves (25 g) were then washed for 2 min. immediately or following 24 h of storage at 4 degrees C. The washing treatments containing chlorite ion concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm were the most effective against E. coli O157:H7 populations on Iceberg lettuce, with log reductions as high as 1.25 log CFU/g and 1.05 log CFU/g for TriNova (R) and Sanova (R) wash treatments, respectively. All other wash treatments resulted in population reductions of less than 1 log CFU/g. Chlorine (200 ppm), TriNova (R), Sanova (R), and acidic electrolyzed water were all equally effective against E coli O157:H7 on Romaine. with log reductions of -1 log CFU/g. The 20 ppm chlorine wash was as effective as the deionized water wash in reducing populations of E. coli O157: H7 on Romaine and Iceberg lettuce. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that E. coli O157:H7 that was incorporated into biofilms or located in damage lettuce tissue remained on the lettuce leaf, while individual cells on undamaged leaf Surfaces were more likely to be washed away. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Keskinen, Lindsey A.; Burke, Angela; Annous, Bassam A.] Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Annous, BA (reprint author), Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Agr Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bassam.annous@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES [2006-51 11003681] FX This work was funded by USDA-CSREES Grant Number 2006-51 11003681. NR 37 TC 93 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 EI 1879-3460 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUN 30 PY 2009 VL 132 IS 2-3 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.04.006 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 459VF UT WOS:000267138700007 PM 19428137 ER PT J AU Khajuria, C Zhu, YC Chen, MS Buschman, LL Higgins, RA Yao, JX Crespo, ALB Siegfried, BD Muthukrishnan, S Zhu, KY AF Khajuria, Chitvan Zhu, Yu Cheng Chen, Ming-Shun Buschman, Lawrent L. Higgins, Randall A. Yao, Jianxiu Crespo, Andre L. B. Siegfried, Blair D. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Zhu, Kun Yan TI Expressed sequence tags from larval gut of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis): Exploring candidate genes potentially involved in Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity and resistance SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID BASE-LINE SUSCEPTIBILITY; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; GENOME SEQUENCE; BOMBYX-MORI; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; INSECT RESISTANCE; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; AMINOPEPTIDASE N AB Background: Lepidoptera represents more than 160,000 insect species which include some of the most devastating pests of crops, forests, and stored products. However, the genomic information on lepidopteran insects is very limited. Only a few studies have focused on developing expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries from the guts of lepidopteran larvae. Knowledge of the genes that are expressed in the insect gut are crucial for understanding basic physiology of food digestion, their interactions with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins, and for discovering new targets for novel toxins for use in pest management. This study analyzed the ESTs generated from the larval gut of the European corn borer (ECB, Ostrinia nubilalis), one of the most destructive pests of corn in North America and the western world. Our goals were to establish an ECB larval gut-specific EST database as a genomic resource for future research and to explore candidate genes potentially involved in insect-Bt interactions and Bt resistance in ECB. Results: We constructed two cDNA libraries from the guts of the fifth-instar larvae of ECB and sequenced a total of 15,000 ESTs from these libraries. A total of 12,519 ESTs (83.4%) appeared to be high quality with an average length of 656 bp. These ESTs represented 2,895 unique sequences, including 1,738 singletons and 1,157 contigs. Among the unique sequences, 62.7% encoded putative proteins that shared significant sequence similarities (E-value <= 10(-3)) with the sequences available in GenBank. Our EST analysis revealed 52 candidate genes that potentially have roles in Bt toxicity and resistance. These genes encode 18 trypsin-like proteases, 18 chymotrypsin-like proteases, 13 aminopeptidases, 2 alkaline phosphatases and 1 cadherin-like protein. Comparisons of expression profiles of 41 selected candidate genes between Cry1Ab-susceptible and resistant strains of ECB by RT-PCR showed apparently decreased expressions in 2 trypsin-like and 2 chymotrypsin-like protease genes, and 1 aminopeptidase genes in the resistant strain as compared with the susceptible strain. In contrast, the expression of 3 trypsin-like and 3 chymotrypsin-like protease genes, 2 aminopeptidase genes, and 2 alkaline phosphatase genes were increased in the resistant strain. Such differential expressions of the candidate genes may suggest their involvement in Cry1Ab resistance. Indeed, certain trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like proteases have previously been found to activate or degrade Bt protoxins and toxins, whereas several aminopeptidases, cadherin-like proteins and alkaline phosphatases have been demonstrated to serve as Bt receptor proteins in other insect species. Conclusion: We developed a relatively large EST database consisting of 12,519 high-quality sequences from a total of 15,000 cDNAs from the larval gut of ECB. To our knowledge, this database represents the largest gut-specific EST database from a lepidopteran pest. Our work provides a foundation for future research to develop an ECB gut-specific DNA microarray which can be used to analyze the global changes of gene expression in response to Bt protoxins/toxins and the genetic difference(s) between Bt-resistant and susceptible strains. Furthermore, we identified 52 candidate genes that may potentially be involved in Bt toxicity and resistance. Differential expressions of 15 out of the 41 selected candidate genes examined by RT-PCR, including 5 genes with apparently decreased expression and 10 with increased expression in Cry1Ab-resistant strain, may help us conclusively identify the candidate genes involved in Bt resistance and provide us with new insights into the mechanism of Cry1Ab resistance in ECB. C1 [Khajuria, Chitvan; Chen, Ming-Shun; Buschman, Lawrent L.; Higgins, Randall A.; Yao, Jianxiu; Zhu, Kun Yan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zhu, Yu Cheng] ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Crespo, Andre L. B.; Siegfried, Blair D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zhu, KY (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM chitvan@ksu.edu; yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov; mchen@ksu.edu; lbuschma@ksu.edu; rhiggins@ksu.edu; jianxiuy@ksu.edu; andre.crespo@syngenta.com; bsiegfried1@unl.edu; smk@ksu.edu; kzhu@ksu.edu RI Khajuria, Chitvan/E-7690-2012; OI Crespo, Andre/0000-0001-6977-0749 FU Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station; Kansas State University; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [09105-J] FX The authors thank Yoonseong Park for his helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript, Lisa Tan for maintaining the European corn borer colonies, Xiang Liu for his technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by U. S. Department of Agriculture or Kansas State University. This study was supported in part by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and the Arthropod Genomics Center funded by K-State Targeted Excellence program at Kansas State University. This paper is contribution No 09105-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. The Ostrinia nubilalis voucher specimens (voucher No. 079) are located in the Kansas State University Museum of Entomological and Prairie Arthropod Research, Manhattan, Kansas. NR 67 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 29 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 286 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-286 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 480RM UT WOS:000268754500002 PM 19558725 ER PT J AU Schreiber, AW Sutton, T Caldo, RA Kalashyan, E Lovell, B Mayo, G Muehlbauer, GJ Druka, A Waugh, R Wise, RP Langridge, P Baumann, U AF Schreiber, Andreas W. Sutton, Tim Caldo, Rico A. Kalashyan, Elena Lovell, Ben Mayo, Gwenda Muehlbauer, Gary J. Druka, Arnis Waugh, Robbie Wise, Roger P. Langridge, Peter Baumann, Ute TI Comparative transcriptomics in the Triticeae SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; DUPLICATE GENES; GENOME EVOLUTION; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; COG DATABASE; ARABIDOPSIS; BARLEY; DIVERGENCE; MICROARRAY; POLYPLOIDY AB Background: Barley and particularly wheat are two grass species of immense agricultural importance. In spite of polyploidization events within the latter, studies have shown that genotypically and phenotypically these species are very closely related and, indeed, fertile hybrids can be created by interbreeding. The advent of two genome-scale Affymetrix GeneChips now allows studies of the comparison of their transcriptomes. Results: We have used the Wheat GeneChip to create a "gene expression atlas" for the wheat transcriptome (cv. Chinese Spring). For this, we chose mRNA from a range of tissues and developmental stages closely mirroring a comparable study carried out for barley (cv. Morex) using the Barley1 GeneChip. This, together with large-scale clustering of the probesets from the two GeneChips into "homologous groups", has allowed us to perform a genomic-scale comparative study of expression patterns in these two species. We explore the influence of the polyploidy of wheat on the results obtained with the Wheat GeneChip and quantify the correlation between conservation in gene sequence and gene expression in wheat and barley. In addition, we show how the conservation of expression patterns can be used to elucidate, probeset by probeset, the reliability of the Wheat GeneChip. Conclusion: While there are many differences in expression on the level of individual genes and tissues, we demonstrate that the wheat and barley transcriptomes appear highly correlated. This finding is significant not only because given small evolutionary distance between the two species it is widely expected, but also because it demonstrates that it is possible to use the two GeneChips for comparative studies. This is the case even though their probeset composition reflects rather different design principles as well as, of course, the present incomplete knowledge of the gene content of the two species. We also show that, in general, the Wheat GeneChip is not able to distinguish contributions from individual homoeologs. Furthermore, the comparison between the two species leads us to conclude that the conservation of both gene sequence as well as gene expression is positively correlated with absolute expression levels, presumably reflecting increased selection pressure on genes coding for proteins present at high levels. In addition, the results indicate the presence of a correlation between sequence and expression conservation within the Triticeae. C1 [Schreiber, Andreas W.; Sutton, Tim; Kalashyan, Elena; Lovell, Ben; Mayo, Gwenda; Langridge, Peter; Baumann, Ute] Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Plant Funct Gen, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Caldo, Rico A.; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Caldo, Rico A.; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Druka, Arnis; Waugh, Robbie] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schreiber, AW (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Plant Funct Gen, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM andreas.schreiber@adelaide.edu.au; tim.sutton@adelaide.edu.au; rico.a.caldo@monsanto.com; elena.kalashyan@acpfg.com.au; ben.lovell@acpfg.com.au; gwenda.mayo@acpfg.com.au; muehl003@umn.edu; arnis.druka@scri.ac.uk; robbie.waugh@scri.ac.uk; rpwise@iastate.edu; peter.langridge@adelaide.edu.au; ute.baumann@adelaide.edu.au RI Sutton, Tim/F-4824-2010; Langridge, Peter/G-5864-2010; Schreiber, Andreas Schreiber/J-7566-2013 OI Langridge, Peter/0000-0001-9494-400X; FU USDA Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (IFAFS) [2001-52100-11346 (RPW)]; USDA-ARS CRIS [3625-21000-049-00D (RPW)]; Grains Research and Development Corporation of Australia as well the Australian Research Council FX would like to thank Prof. Y. Ogihara for providing us with the homoeologous sequences of (Mochida et al., 2003). Funding for this research was provided by USDA Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (IFAFS) grant no. 2001-52100-11346 (RPW), USDA-ARS CRIS Project 3625-21000-049-00D (RPW), the Grains Research and Development Corporation of Australia as well the Australian Research Council. NR 70 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 29 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 285 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-285 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 480RM UT WOS:000268754500001 PM 19558723 ER PT J AU Rafiei, M Nord, M Sadeghizadeh, A Entezari, MH AF Rafiei, Morteza Nord, Mark Sadeghizadeh, Atefeh Entezari, Mohammad H. TI Assessing the internal validity of a household survey-based food security measure adapted for use in Iran SO NUTRITION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BURKINA-FASO; INSECURITY; INDICATORS; HUNGER; SCALE; QUESTIONNAIRE; VALIDATION; ADULTS; MODULE AB Background: The prevalence of food insecurity is an indicator of material well-being in an area of basic need. The U. S. Food Security Module has been adapted for use in a wide variety of cultural and linguistic settings around the world. We assessed the internal validity of the adapted U. S. Household Food Security Survey Module to measure adult and child food insecurity in Isfahan, Iran, using statistical methods based on the Rasch measurement model. Methods: The U. S. Household Food Security Survey Module was translated into Farsi and after adaptation, administered to a representative sample. Data were provided by 2,004 randomly selected households from all sectors of the population of Isfahan, Iran, during 2005. Results: 53.1 percent reported that their food had run out at some time during the previous 12 months and they did not have money to buy more, while 26.7 percent reported that an adult had cut the size of a meal or skipped a meal because there was not enough money for food, and 7.2 percent reported that an adult did not eat for a whole day because there was not enough money for food. The severity of the items in the adult scale, estimated under Rasch-model assumptions, covered a range of 6.65 logistic units, and those in the child scale 11.68 logistic units. Most Item-infit statistics were near unity, and none exceeded 1.20. Conclusion: The range of severity of items provides measurement coverage across a wide range of severity of food insecurity for both adults and children. Both scales demonstrated acceptable levels of internal validity, although several items should be improved. The similarity of the response patterns in the Isfahan and the U. S. suggests that food insecurity is experienced, managed, and described similarly in the two countries. C1 [Rafiei, Morteza; Sadeghizadeh, Atefeh] Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Med Educ Res Ctr, Esfahan, Iran. [Nord, Mark] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Entezari, Mohammad H.] Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Hlth Fac, Esfahan, Iran. RP Rafiei, M (reprint author), Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Med Educ Res Ctr, Esfahan, Iran. EM RAFIEI@edc.mui.ac.ir; MARKNORD@ers.usda.gov; SADEGHIZADEH@med.mui.ac.ir; MH_ENTEZARI@yahoo.com NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2891 J9 NUTR J JI Nutr. J. PD JUN 26 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 28 DI 10.1186/1475-2891-8-28 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 475EU UT WOS:000268342000001 PM 19558676 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH AF Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Economic Conditions and Obesity SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 24 PY 2009 VL 301 IS 24 BP 2547 EP 2547 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 461KU UT WOS:000267266500013 PM 19549969 ER PT J AU Calderon, FJ Vigil, MF Reeves, JB Poss, DJ AF Calderon, Francisco J. Vigil, Merle F. Reeves, James B., III Poss, David J. TI Mid-Infrared and Near-Infrared Calibrations for Nutritional Parameters of Triticale (Triticosecale) and Pea (Pisum sativum) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Diffuse reflectance; ADF; NDF; nitrogen; Fourier transformed; infrared; mid-infrared; near-infrared; NIR; FTIR ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; FATTY-ACIDS; FORAGES; PROTEIN; FOURIER AB The objective of this study was to develop Fourier transformed mid-infrared (MidIR) and near-infrared (NIR) calibrations for acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total nitrogen in triticale, peas, and triticale/pea mixtures. Heterogeneous calibration-validation combinations were also tested for calibration quality. The forage samples were collected from forage plots grown following millet or wheat. Other factors included population density, forage mixtures, and nitrogen fertilizer rate. Total N always achieved a better validation R(2) than ADF and NDF, regardless of the sample set or spectral range. The ADF and NDF could not be predicted well with heterogeneous calibration/validation sets, with the exception of ADF predicted by the pea/triticale mixture in the MidIR. Using whole sample sets resulted in better predictive calibrations for the fiber analytes for both the MidIR and the NIR. This study shows that MidIR compares well with NIR for the development of ADF and total N calibrations in forages. The NIR and MidIR are both useful as quick methods for measuring total N, and they show promise for measuring ADF and total N in forage samples, but performance with NDF was less satisfactory. C1 [Calderon, Francisco J.; Vigil, Merle F.; Poss, David J.] ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, USDA, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Reeves, James B., III] ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Calderon, FJ (reprint author), ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, USDA, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM francisco.calderon@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 24 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 12 BP 5136 EP 5142 DI 10.1021/jf803936x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 460JK UT WOS:000267183800004 PM 19456104 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Singh, N McCurdy, CR Godfrey, CA Larsen, L Weavers, RT Van Klink, JW Perry, NB AF Dayan, Franck E. Singh, Nidhi McCurdy, Christopher R. Godfrey, Colette A. Larsen, Lesley Weavers, Rex T. Van Klink, John W. Perry, Nigel B. TI beta-Triketone Inhibitors of Plant p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase: Modeling and Comparative Molecular Field Analysis of Their Interactions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Natural products; triketones; phytotoxins; herbicides; mode of action; p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase; structure-activity relationships; essential oils ID 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; LEPTOSPERMUM-SCOPARIUM; ANALYSIS COMFA; ESSENTIAL OILS; MYRTACEAE; ISOXAFLUTOLE; ARABIDOPSIS; SELECTIVITY; HERBICIDES; MANUKA AB p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is the target site of beta-triketone herbicides in current use. Nineteen beta-triketones and analogues, including the naturally occurring leptospermone and grandiflorone, were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of purified Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD. The most active compound was a beta-triketone with a C(9) alkyl side chain, not reported as natural, which inhibited HPPD with an I(50) of 19 +/- 1 nM. This is significantly more active than sulcotrione, which had an I(50) of 250 +/- 21 nM in this assay system. The most active naturally occurring beta-triketone was grandiflorone, which had an I(50) of 750 +/- 70 nM. This compound is of potential interest as a natural herbicide because it can be extracted with good yield and purity from some Leptospermum shrubs. Analogues without the 1,3-diketone group needed to interact with Fe(2+) at the HPPD active site were inactive (I(50)s > 50 mu M), as were analogues with prenyl or ethyl groups on the triketone ring. Modeling of the binding of the triketones to HPPD, three-dimensional QSAR analysis using CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis), and evaluation of the hydrophobic contribution with HINT (hydropathic interactions) provided a structural basis to describe the ligand/receptor interactions. C1 [Dayan, Franck E.] ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. [Singh, Nidhi; McCurdy, Christopher R.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Med Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. [Godfrey, Colette A.; Larsen, Lesley; Weavers, Rex T.; Van Klink, John W.; Perry, Nigel B.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Godfrey, Colette A.; Larsen, Lesley; Weavers, Rex T.; Van Klink, John W.; Perry, Nigel B.] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Perry, Nigel/G-5574-2010; Larsen, Lesley/A-3349-2012; Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Perry, Nigel/0000-0003-3196-3945; Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 24 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 12 BP 5194 EP 5200 DI 10.1021/jf9005593 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 460JK UT WOS:000267183800013 PM 19435355 ER PT J AU Patterson, JK Rutzke, MA Fubini, SL Glahn, RP Welch, RM Lei, XG Miller, DD AF Patterson, Jannine K. Rutzke, Michael A. Fubini, Susan L. Glahn, Raymond P. Welch, Ross M. Lei, Xingen Miller, Dennis D. TI Dietary Inulin Supplementation Does Not Promote Colonic Iron Absorption in a Porcine Model SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Inulin; prebiotics; iron absorption; pig; stable isotopes ID NONHEME IRON; GROWING PIGS; MINERAL ABSORPTION; FOOD FORTIFICATION; IN-VITRO; BIOAVAILABILITY; PREBIOTICS; HEALTH; DEFICIENCY; MICROBIOTA AB Prebiotics may enhance iron bioavailability by increasing iron absorption in the colon. Anemic pigs fitted with cecal cannulas were fed a low-iron diet with or without 4% inulin. Over 7 days, pigs were administered 1 mg of (54)Fe in the morning feed followed by cannula infusion of 0.5 mg of (58)Fe to measure total and colonic iron absorption, respectively. Whole blood was drawn prior to the initial dosing and 14 days thereafter for hemoglobin concentration and stable isotope ratio analyses. The prebiotic role of inulin was confirmed by increases in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria with reductions in clostridia using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP). Total iron absorption was 23.2 +/- 2.7 and 20.7 +/- 3.5% (mean +/- SEM; p > 0.05), while colonic iron absorption was 0.4 +/- 0.1 and 1.0 +/- 0.2% (mean +/- SEM; p > 0.05) in inulin-fed and control pigs, respectively. These results show that the colon does not make a significant contribution to total iron absorption in iron-deficient pigs and that inulin does not affect iron absorption in the colon. C1 [Patterson, Jannine K.; Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fubini, Susan L.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lei, Xingen] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rutzke, Michael A.; Glahn, Raymond P.; Welch, Ross M.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, 119 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ddm2@cornell.edu NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 24 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 12 BP 5250 EP 5256 DI 10.1021/jf900698x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 460JK UT WOS:000267183800020 PM 19480386 ER PT J AU Weaver, JD Ullah, AHJ Sethumadhavan, K Mullaney, EJ Lei, XG AF Weaver, Jeremy D. Ullah, Abul H. J. Sethumadhavan, Kandan Mullaney, Edward J. Lei, Xin Gen TI Impact of Assay Conditions on Activity Estimate and Kinetics Comparison of Aspergillus niger PhyA and Escherichia coli AppA2 Phytases SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AppA2; assay method; comparison; kinetics; PhyA; phytase ID MYOINOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE PHOSPHOHYDROLASES; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; GUANIDINE-HYDROCHLORIDE; PICHIA-PASTORIS; YOUNG-PIGS; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; RAPID-DETERMINATION; ANIMAL FEED; IN-VITRO; PHOSPHORUS AB Aspergillus niger PhyA and Escherichia coli AppA2 are increasingly used in animal feed for phosphorus nutrition and environmental protection. The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of assay conditions on activity estimates of these two phytases and to compare their biochemical characteristics at a pH similar to the stomach environment. The activities of the unpurified AppA2 were more variable than those of PhyA with three commonly used phytase activity assays. The variations associated with AppA2 were accounted for by buffer, pH, and the inclusion of Triton X-100 and BSA by approximately one-third each. At the commonly observed stomach pH of 3.5, the purified AppA2 had a lower affinity to phytate (a higher Km), but greater V-max, k(cat), and k(cat)/K-m than those of PhyA. In summary, differences between AppA2 and PhyA in responses to activity assay conditions and in inherent kinetic properties should be considered in interpreting their feeding efficacy. C1 [Weaver, Jeremy D.; Lei, Xin Gen] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ullah, Abul H. J.; Sethumadhavan, Kandan; Mullaney, Edward J.] ARS, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lei, XG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM XL20@cornell.edu NR 48 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 24 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 12 BP 5315 EP 5320 DI 10.1021/jf900261n PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 460JK UT WOS:000267183800029 PM 19530713 ER PT J AU Gao, SD Qin, RJ Hanson, BD Tharayil, N Trout, TJ Wang, D Gerik, J AF Gao, Suduan Qin, Ruijun Hanson, Bradley D. Tharayil, Nishanth Trout, Thomas J. Wang, Dong Gerik, James TI Effects of Manure and Water Applications on 1,3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin Emissions in a Field Trial SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soil fumigation; emission reduction; high-density polyethylene tarp; volatile organic compounds ID REDUCE 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; FUMIGANT EMISSIONS; SURFACE SEALS; SOIL; DEGRADATION; AMENDMENT; CHAMBER; DESIGN; TESTS AB Minimizing fumigant emissions is required for meeting air-quality standards. Application of organic materials to surface soil has been effective in reducing fumigant emissions during laboratory tests, but the potential to reduce emissions in the field has not been adequately evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of incorporated composted manure with or without water applications on fumigant emissions and the potential impact on pest control efficacy under field conditions. Treatments included a bare-soil control, composted dairy manure at 12.4 and 24.7 Mg ha(-1), postfumigation intermittent water seals (11 mm water irrigated immediately following fumigation and 4 mm at 12, 24, and 48 h), and incorporation of manure at 12.4 Mg ha(-1) combined with the water seals or a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tarp. Telone C35 was shank-applied at 553 kg ha(-1), and emissions of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) were monitored for 10 days; The results indicate that there was no significant difference in emission peak flux and cumulative emission loss between the control and the 12.4 Mg ha(-1) manure treatment. The higher manure rate (24.7. Mg ha(-1)) resulted in lower emission flux and cumulative emission loss than 12.4 Mg ha(-1), although the differences were only significant for CP. In contrast, the water treatments with or without manure incorporation significantly reduced peak emission rates (80% reduction) and cumulative emission loss (similar to 50% reduction). The manure + HDPE treatment resulted in the lowest CP emissions but slightly higher 1,3-D emissions than the water treatments. Reductions in peak emission from water treatments can be important in reducing the potential acute exposure risks to workers and bystanders. This research demonstrated that incorporation of composted manure alone did not reduce fumigant emissions and effective emission reduction with manure amendment may require higher application rates and/or more effective materials than those used in this study. C1 [Gao, Suduan; Qin, Ruijun; Hanson, Bradley D.; Tharayil, Nishanth; Wang, Dong; Gerik, James] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gao, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM suduan.gao@ars.usda.gov RI Qin, Ruijun/F-3469-2011 OI Tharayil, Nishanth /0000-0001-6866-0804; Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170; NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 24 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 12 BP 5428 EP 5434 DI 10.1021/jf900245f PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 460JK UT WOS:000267183800047 PM 19459700 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Davis, TZ Gardner, DR Stegelmeier, BL Evans, TJ AF Lee, Stephen T. Davis, T. Zane Gardner, Dale R. Stegelmeier, Bryan L. Evans, Tim J. TI Quantitative Method for the Measurement of Three Benzofuran Ketones in Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Rayless goldenrod; Haplopappus heterophyllus; Isocoma wrightii; Isocoma pluriflora; white snakeroot; Eupatorium rugosum; Eupatorium urticaefolium; Ageratina altissima; tremetone; dehydrotremetone; 3-oxyangeloyl-tremetone ID EUPATORIUM URTICAEFOLIUM; TOXIC CONSTITUENT; RUGOSUM AB White snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) and rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) can cause "trembles" and "milk sickness-in livestock and humans; respectively. Tremetol, a complex mixture of sterols and derivatives of methyl ketone benzofuran has been extracted from white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod and is reported to be the toxic substance in plant material. In this study, the three major benzofuran ketones, tremetone, dehydrotremetone, and 3-oxyangeloyl-tremetone, were isolated from rayless goldenrod. Using these compounds as standards, a quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to measure these compounds in white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod. Concentrations of tremetone, dehydrotremetone, and 3-oxyangeloyl-tremetone were found to vary considerably among the different white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod plant collections. Differences in concentrations of tremetone, dehydrotremetone, and 3-oxyangeloyl-tremetone in white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod plants may explain the historical sporadic and unpredictable toxicity of these plants to livestock and humans. C1 [Lee, Stephen T.; Davis, T. Zane; Gardner, Dale R.; Stegelmeier, Bryan L.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Evans, Tim J.] Univ Missouri, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM stephen.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 24 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 12 BP 5639 EP 5643 DI 10.1021/jf900781j PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 460JK UT WOS:000267183800075 PM 19480385 ER PT J AU Curkovic, T Brunner, JF Landolt, PJ AF Curkovic, Tomislav Brunner, Jay F. Landolt, Peter J. TI Field and laboratory responses of male leaf roller moths, Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis pyrusana, to pheromone concentrations in an attracticide paste formulation SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE inhibitory threshold; septa; source contact; wind tunnel ID ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; SEX-PHEROMONE; APPLE ORCHARDS; CYDIA-POMONELLA; GYPSY-MOTH; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; COMPONENTS; LEAFROLLER; THRESHOLD AB Male leafroller moths, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Pandemis pyrusana (Kearfott), were evaluated for responses to a paste formulation loaded with a range of concentrations of the two species' pheromone blends and evaluated in a laboratory wind tunnel and in the field. Response criteria were flight, flight towards the pheromone source, and contact with the pheromone source for the wind tunnel assays, and capture of moths in traps for the field tests. In the wind tunnel and field, responses of males of both species to the paste generally increased as the pheromone concentration in the paste was increased. There was little response by either species to paste with less than 0.16% pheromone. The relationship between pheromone concentration and response for P. pyrusana was linear and for C. rosaceana was sinusoidal over the range of pheromone concentrations tested. These patterns were seen both in the wind tunnel and in the field. Initial release rates from the paste of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, the main component of the pheromone blends of both species was 3.6-3.8 ng/h. Inhibitory thresholds for responses were not reached for either species, using pheromone concentrations as high as 16%, in either the wind tunnel or the field. For both species, response of males to rubber septa with one mg pheromone loads was similar to the response to the paste with pheromone at concentrations greater than 3-4%. For C. rosaceana, rates of contact with the paste in the wind tunnel were statistically similar to rates of contact in response to conspecific females, with paste pheromone concentrations above 1.6%. Response rates for males of P. pyrusana were significantly lower to the paste than to conspecific females at all paste pheromone concentrations tested. Overall, the optimum pheromone concentration in the paste for moth attraction to contact was 3.2% for C. rosaceana and 8% for P. pyrusana. C1 [Curkovic, Tomislav] Univ Chile, Dept Sanidad Vegetal, Fac Ciencias Agron, Santiago 1004, Chile. [Brunner, Jay F.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Landolt, Peter J.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Curkovic, T (reprint author), Univ Chile, Dept Sanidad Vegetal, Fac Ciencias Agron, Santiago 1004, Chile. EM tcurkovi@uchile.cl; jfb@wsu.edu; insects@yarl.ars.usda.gov RI Curkovic, Tomislav/I-1686-2013 FU Agricultural Research Center; Washington State University, Pullman, WA; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission; Washington Commission on Pesticide Registration FX This research was partially supported by Agricultural Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA. Additional funding was provided by the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission and from the Washington Commission on Pesticide Registration. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JUN 24 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 45 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 462ME UT WOS:000267356400001 PM 19619030 ER PT J AU Duke, SO AF Duke, Stephen O. TI Parasitic weeds, a scientific challenge SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESISTANCE; OROBANCHE; TARGET C1 USDA ARS, Oxford, MS USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Oxford, MS USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PI LONDON PA 14 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PS, ENGLAND SN 0009-3068 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD JUN 22 PY 2009 IS 12 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 467HR UT WOS:000267729800018 ER PT J AU Rabaglia, RJ Vandenberg, NJ Acciavatti, RE AF Rabaglia, Robert J. Vandenberg, Natalia J. Acciavatti, Robert E. TI First records of Anisandrus maiche Stark (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from North America SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytidae; Xyleborina; Anisandrus maiche; new North American record; exotic species ID XYLEBORINA COLEOPTERA; AMBROSIA BEETLE; KEY AB Anisandrus maiche Stark, an ambrosia beetle native to Asia, is reported for the first time in North America based on specimens from Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia. This is the twentieth species of exotic Xyleborina documented in North America. This species, along with three others occurring in North America, were formerly placed in Xyleborus Eichhoff, but currently are assigned to Anisandrus Ferrari. Descriptions of generic characters used to separate Anisandrus from Xyleborus, a re-description of the female A. maiche, and an illustrated key to the four North American species of Anisandrus are presented. C1 [Rabaglia, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Vandenberg, Natalia J.] Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Acciavatti, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Rabaglia, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1601 N Kent St,RPC-7, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM brabaglia@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Early Detection and Rapid Response FX We express our appreciation to the following people: Robert Androw (CMNH), Pittsburgh, PA, for first recognizing specimens of an unknown Xyleborina in the samples from Moon Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania; Frank Salantri, USDA APHIS, for forwarding the specimens to NJV; Michail Mandelshtam, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, for confirming the identity of a sample of A. maiche from North America and providing useful bibliographic references on this species; Sven-Erik Spichiger, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture for the 2008 Pennsylvania Records; Elisabeth Roberts for making digital images used in producing some of the Photoshop illustrations; USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Early Detection and Rapid Response project for funding the delimiting surveys in PA, OH and WV. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 22 PY 2009 IS 2137 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 461QC UT WOS:000267282500002 ER PT J AU Boutanaev, AM Postnikova, OA Nemchinov, LG AF Boutanaev, Alexander M. Postnikova, Olga A. Nemchinov, Lev G. TI Mapping of heterologous expressed sequence tags as an alternative to microarrays for study of defense responses in plants SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; DIVERGENCE; INFECTION; GENES AB Background: Microarray technology helped to accumulate an immense pool of data on gene expression changes in response to different environmental factors. Yet, computer-generated gene profiling using expressed sequence tags (EST) represents a valuable alternative to microarrays, which allows efficient discovery of homologous sequences in evolutionarily different species and comparison of gene sets on the whole genome scale. In this study, we used publicly available EST database derived from different plant species infected with a variety of pathogens, to generate an expression profile of homologous genes involved in defense response of a model organism, Arabidopsis thaliana. Results: EST-driven prediction identified 4,935 genes (16% of the total Arabidopsis genome) which, according to the origin of EST sets, were associated with defense responses in the reference genome. Profiles of defense-related genes, obtained by mapping of heterologous EST, represent putative Arabidopsis homologs of the corresponding species. Comparison of these profiles in pairs and locating common genes allowed estimating similarity between defense-related gene sets of different plant species. To experimentally support computer data, we arbitrarily selected a number of transcription factor genes (TF) detected by EST mapping. Their expression levels were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction during infection with yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus, a compatible virus systemically infecting Arabidopsis. We observed that 65% of the designated TF were upregulated in accordance with the EST-generated profile. Conclusion: We demonstrated that heterologous EST mapping may be efficiently used to reveal genes involved in host defense responses to pathogens. Upregulated genes identified in this study substantially overlap with those previously obtained by microarrays. C1 [Boutanaev, Alexander M.; Postnikova, Olga A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142292, Moscow Region, Russia. [Boutanaev, Alexander M.; Nemchinov, Lev G.] USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Boutanaev, AM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, 2 Inst St, Pushchino 142292, Moscow Region, Russia. EM Boutanaev@mail.ru; Boutanaev@mail.ru; Lev.Nemchinov@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX We are thankful to Hideki Takahashi of Tohoku University, Japan for providing CMV(Y) strain and specific antibodies to it, to Charles Murphy of BARC Electron Microscopy Unit, USDA/ARS, for his help with EM of viral preparations and to John Hammond of Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, The US National Arboretum, USDA/ARS, for critical reading of the manuscript and valuable comments. This work has been supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 273 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-273 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 480RE UT WOS:000268753700003 PM 19538747 ER PT J AU Weber, DC Lundgren, JG AF Weber, Donald C. Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI Detection of predation using qPCR: Effect of prey quantity, elapsed time, chaser diet, and sample preservation on detectable quantity of prey DNA SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ladybeetle; leaf beetle; Colorado potato beetle; molecular ecology; gut analysis; Coleomegilla; Leptinotarsa; Coccinellidae; Chrysomelidae; generalist predators; biological control ID GUT-CONTENT-ANALYSIS; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; GENERALIST PREDATORS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SECONDARY PREDATION; CARABID PREDATOR; CONTENT ELISA; PCR; QUANTIFICATION; REMAINS AB Using quantitative PCR that amplified a prey-specific mtDNA 214 bp amplicon from the COI mitochondrial gene of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), prey eggs of known age and number were fed to larvae of the generalist predator lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), to elucidate the effects of time and diet since consumption, number of prey eggs, and methods for sample fixation and preservation, on the quantity of target DNA detected. Signal was strongly attenuated directly after cessation of feeding, even when predators were immediately frozen at -20 degrees C. However, the quantity of target detected was significantly related to the number of eggs consumed and the time elapsed since eating. Decrease in detected prey DNA was consistent with a negative exponential model. The target DNA sequence disappeared from starved predators (quantitative half-life estimate of 59 min) more slowly than those fed potato aphids after consuming the target prey eggs (half-life estimate 16 min), whereas those fed C. maculata eggs as a chaser were intermediate in the rate at which they degraded the target prey DNA sequence. Fixative protocols are of critical importance in proper use of the qPCR technique. Among seven methods tested, storing the predator immediately in 70% ethanol prechilled to -20 degrees C yielded the highest amount of target sequence, 22.8% of that recovered directly from a single intact prey egg. Samples frozen without solvent at -80 degrees C and -20 degrees C yielded only 6.0% and 2.3% of the target DNA respectively, and room temperature ethanol and ethylene glycol-based antifreeze averaged below 1% recovery of target DNA. Nevertheless, target prey was detected in more than 80% of antifreeze-stored predators. Predators killed and held at room temperature for 4 h or 5 days yielded no target prey DNA in 18 of 20 cases. These results emphasize both the value and the complexities of application of the qPCR technique to field predation studies. C1 [Weber, Donald C.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Weber, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Don.Weber@ars.usda.gov; Jonathan.Lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 33 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 41 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 462LZ UT WOS:000267355700001 PM 19619033 ER PT J AU Wang, J Lindholm, JR Willis, DK Orth, A Goodman, WG AF Wang, Jun Lindholm, Joliene R. Willis, David K. Orth, Anthony Goodman, Walter G. TI Juvenile hormone regulation of Drosophila Epac-A guanine nucleotide exchange factor SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quantitative real-time RT-PCR; Epac; GEF; JH; Methoprene; Methyl farnesoate; Bisepoxy JH III; 20-Hydroxyecdysone ID ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CYCLIC-AMP; BINDING-PROTEIN; SIGNALING PATHWAY; CELL-ADHESION; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; COUPLED RECEPTORS; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; RESPONSE ELEMENT AB Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to characterize the effects of juvenile hormone (JH) on Epac (Exchange Protein directly Activated by Cyclic AMP: NM_001103732), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rap1 in Drosophila S2 cells. JH treatment led to a rapid, dose-dependent increase in Epac relative expression ratio (RER) when compared to treatment with methyl linoleate (MLA) that lacks biological activity. The minimal level of hormone needed to elicit a response was 100 ng/ml. Time-course studies indicated a significant rise in the RER 1 h after treatment. S2 cells were challenged with 20-hydroxyecdysone and a series of compounds similar in structure to JH to determine the specificity of the response. Methoprene and JH III displayed the greatest increases in RER. Late third instar (96 h) Drosophila were exposed to diet containing methoprene (500 ng/g diet); significantly higher RERs for Epac were observed 12 h after exposure. JH had no effect on Epac RERs in the human cell line HEK-293. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Jun; Lindholm, Joliene R.; Goodman, Walter G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Willis, David K.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS Vegetable Crops Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Orth, Anthony] Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA 92162 USA. RP Goodman, WG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, 237 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM goodman@entomology.wisc.edu FU Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station [WIS0122] FX The authors thank Ms. Hedda Goodman for reading the manuscript. We also thank Profs. L.I. Gilbert and Y.C. Toong for various compounds and Prof. C. Cirelli for the culture of wild-type Drosophila. This work was funded by in part by the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station (WIS0122) (WGG) and the Alex and Lillian Feir Distinguished Graduate Fellowship (JW). NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD JUN 16 PY 2009 VL 305 IS 1-2 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.002 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 455HU UT WOS:000266750200005 PM 19433259 ER PT J AU Smith, TJ Pikosky, MA Grediagin, A Castaneda-Sceppa, C Byerley, LO Glickman, EL Young, AJ AF Smith, Tracey J. Pikosky, Matthew A. Grediagin, Ann Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Byerley, Lauri O. Glickman, Ellen L. Young, Andrew J. TI Aerobic fitness does not modulate protein metabolism in response to increased exercise: a controlled trial SO NUTRITION & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-BODY; LEUCINE OXIDATION; NITROGEN-BALANCE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ENDURANCE EXERCISE; HEALTHY-ADULTS; HAND VEIN; YOUNG MEN; FED-STATE; TURNOVER AB Background: A sudden increase in exercise and energy expenditure is associated with an increase in protein turnover and nitrogen excretion. This study examined how a sudden increase in exercise-induced energy expenditure affected whole body protein metabolism and nitrogen balance in people of differing levels of aerobic fitness. We hypothesized that alterations in whole-body protein turnover would be attenuated, and nitrogen balance would be preserved, in individual with higher levels of aerobic fitness. Methods: Eleven men, categorized as either having a lower (LOW-FIT; n = 5) or higher (FIT; n = 6) aerobic fitness level, completed a 4-d baseline period (BL) of an energy balance diet while maintaining usual physical activity level, followed by a 7-d intervention consisting of 1,000 kcal.d(-1) increased energy expenditure via exercise (50-65% VO(2peak)). All volunteers consumed 0.9 g protein.kg(-1).d(-1) and total energy intake was adjusted to maintain energy balance throughout the 11-d study. Mean nitrogen balance (NBAL) was determined for BL, days 5-8 (EX1), and days 9-11 (EX2). Whole-body protein turnover was derived from phenylalanine and tyrosine kinetics assessed while fasting at rest on days 4, 7, and 12 using a priming dose of L-[ring-(15)N] tyrosine and a 4-h primed, continuous infusion of L-[(15)N] phenylalanine and L-[ring-(2)H(4)] tyrosine. Results: A significant main effect of time indicated that NBAL increased over the course of the intervention; however, a group-by-time interaction was not observed. Although FIT demonstrated a lower net protein oxidation and higher net protein balance compared to LOW-FIT, neither the effect of time nor a group-by-time interaction was significant for Phe flux, net protein oxidation, or derived whole-body protein synthesis and net protein balance. Conclusion: The absence of significant group-by-time interactions in protein metabolism (i.e., NBAL and whole-body protein turnover) between LOW-FIT and FIT males suggest that aerobic fitness level does not modulate protein "sparing" in response to an unaccustomed increase in energy expenditure. C1 [Smith, Tracey J.; Pikosky, Matthew A.; Grediagin, Ann; Glickman, Ellen L.; Young, Andrew J.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Byerley, Lauri O.] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Smith, TJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Tracey.j.Smith@us.army.mil; mpikosky@rosedmi.com; ann.gred@gmail.com; c.sceppa@neu.edu; lbyerl@lsuhsc.edu; EGLICKMA@kent.edu; Andrew.young@amedd.army.mil FU United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command FX Disclosure of funding: this work was funded by the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1743-7075 J9 NUTR METAB JI Nutr. Metab. PD JUN 16 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 28 DI 10.1186/1743-7075-6-28 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 475EF UT WOS:000268340500001 PM 19531244 ER PT J AU Richardson, DM Hellmann, JJ McLachlan, JS Sax, DF Schwartz, MW Gonzalez, P Brennan, EJ Camacho, A Root, TL Sala, OE Schneider, SH Ashe, DM Clark, JR Early, R Etterson, JR Fielder, ED Gill, JL Minteer, BA Polasky, S Safford, HD Thompson, AR Vellend, M AF Richardson, David M. Hellmann, Jessica J. McLachlan, Jason S. Sax, Dov F. Schwartz, Mark W. Gonzalez, Patrick Brennan, E. Jean Camacho, Alejandro Root, Terry L. Sala, Osvaldo E. Schneider, Stephen H. Ashe, Daniel M. Clark, Jamie Rappaport Early, Regan Etterson, Julie R. Fielder, E. Dwight Gill, Jacquelyn L. Minteer, Ben A. Polasky, Stephen Safford, Hugh D. Thompson, Andrew R. Vellend, Mark TI Multidimensional evaluation of managed relocation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE assisted migration; climate change; conservation biology; conservation strategy; sustainability science ID ASSISTED COLONIZATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MIGRATION; DEBATE AB Managed relocation (MR) has rapidly emerged as a potential intervention strategy in the toolbox of biodiversity management under climate change. Previous authors have suggested that MR (also referred to as assisted colonization, assisted migration, or assisted translocation) could be a last-alternative option after interrogating a linear decision tree. We argue that numerous interacting and value-laden considerations demand a more inclusive strategy for evaluating MR. The pace of modern climate change demands decision making with imperfect information, and tools that elucidate this uncertainty and integrate scientific information and social values are urgently needed. We present a heuristic tool that incorporates both ecological and social criteria in a multidimensional decision-making framework. For visualization purposes, we collapse these criteria into 4 classes that can be depicted in graphical 2-D space. This framework offers a pragmatic approach for summarizing key dimensions of MR: capturing uncertainty in the evaluation criteria, creating transparency in the evaluation process, and recognizing the inherent tradeoffs that different stakeholders bring to evaluation of MR and its alternatives. C1 [Richardson, David M.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Hellmann, Jessica J.; McLachlan, Jason S.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Sax, Dov F.; Sala, Osvaldo E.; Early, Regan] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Schwartz, Mark W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gonzalez, Patrick] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Forestry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Clark, Jamie Rappaport] Defenders Wildlife, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Camacho, Alejandro] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame Law Sch, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Root, Terry L.; Schneider, Stephen H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Root, Terry L.; Schneider, Stephen H.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ashe, Daniel M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Etterson, Julie R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Fielder, E. Dwight] Bur Land Management, Div Fish Wildlife & Plant Conservat, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Gill, Jacquelyn L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Minteer, Ben A.] Arizona State Univ, Human Dimens Biol Fac, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ & Ecol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Evolut, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] USDA Forest Serv, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Thompson, Andrew R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Vellend, Mark] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Vellend, Mark] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Richardson, DM (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. EM rich@sun.ac.za RI Early, Regan/A-5442-2010; Richardson, David/A-1495-2008; Schwartz, Mark/G-1066-2011; GIll, Jacquelyn/F-1454-2011; Gonzalez, Patrick/B-9479-2013; OI Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297; Schwartz, Mark/0000-0002-3739-6542; Gonzalez, Patrick/0000-0002-7105-0561; Early, Regan/0000-0003-4108-5904; Camacho, Alejandro/0000-0002-8782-6870 FU National Science Foundation [0741792, 0741921]; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology; Cedar Tree Foundation FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants DEB 0741792 and 0741921 in support of the Managed Relocation Working Group, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (D. M. R), and a Cedar Tree Foundation grant. NR 21 TC 179 Z9 184 U1 8 U2 121 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 16 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 24 BP 9721 EP 9724 DI 10.1073/pnas.0902327106 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 458TD UT WOS:000267045500033 PM 19509337 ER PT J AU Tian, F Stevens, NM Buckler, ES AF Tian, Feng Stevens, Natalie M. Buckler, Edward S. TI Tracking footprints of maize domestication and evidence for a massive selective sweep on chromosome 10 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DNA-SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ZEA GRAMINEAE; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE AB Maize domestication is one of the greatest feats of artificial selection and evolution, wherein a weedy plant in Central Mexico was converted through human-mediated selection into the most productive crop in the world. In fact, the changes were so astounding that it took much of the last century to identify modern maize's true ancestor. Through modern genetic studies, the molecular basis of this evolution is being unraveled. Maize's new morphology and adaptation to diverse environments required selection at thousands of loci, and we are beginning to understand the magnitude and rates of these genetic changes. Most of the known major genes have experienced strong selection, but only small regions surrounding the selected genes exhibit substantially reduced genetic diversity. Here, we report the discovery of a large region on chromosome 10 involved in adaptation or domestication that has been the target of strong selection during maize domestication. Unlike previously described regions in the maize genome, 1.1 Mb and > 15 genes lost genetic diversity during selection at this region. Finally, the prospects of a detailed understanding of maize evolution are discussed with consideration of both top-down and bottom-up approaches. C1 [Tian, Feng; Stevens, Natalie M.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM esb33@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467, DBI-0820619] FX We thank Carlyn Buckler, Peter Bradbury, Jason Peiffer, Pat Brown, Rob Elshire, Elhan Ersoz, Sean Myles, Michelle Denton, Joan Zhao, and Linda Rigamer Lirette for excellent comments and editorial assistance. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and National Science Foundation Grants DBI-0321467 and DBI-0820619. NR 89 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 16 PY 2009 VL 106 BP 9979 EP 9986 DI 10.1073/pnas.0901122106 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 458TP UT WOS:000267046700007 PM 19528660 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JM Caselles, V Niclos, R Coll, C Kustas, WP AF Sanchez, J. M. Caselles, V. Niclos, R. Coll, C. Kustas, W. P. TI Estimating energy balance fluxes above a boreal forest from radiometric temperature observations SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE STSEB model; Energy fluxes; Boreal forest; Energy balance closure; Canopy temperature ID SOIL HEAT-FLUX; LAND-SURFACE EMISSIVITY; PINE FOREST; SEASONAL-VARIATION; EXCHANGE-RATES; NET-RADIATION; LONG-TERM; MODEL; VEGETATION; CANOPY AB The great areal extent of boreal forests confers these ecosystems potential to impact on the global surface-atmosphere energy exchange. A modelling approach, based on a Simplified two-source energy balance model, was proposed to estimate energy balance fluxes above boreal forests using thermal infrared measurements. Half-hourly data from the Solar-Induced Fluorescence Experiment, carried out in a Finnish boreal forest, was used to evaluate the performance of the model. Energy balance closure, determined by linear regression, found all fluxes to underestimate available energy by 9% (r(2) = 0.94). Significance in the energy balance of the heat storage in the air and in the soil terms was also analyzed. Canopy temperatures, measured by a CIMEL Electronique CE 312 radiometer, together with ancillary meteorological variables and vegetation characteristics, were used to run the model. Comparison with ground measurements showed errors lower than +/- 15 W m(-2) for the retrieval of net radiation, soil heat flux and storage heat flux, and about +/- 50 W m(-2) for the sensible and latent heat fluxes. A sensitivity analysis of the approach to typical operational uncertainties in the required inputs was conducted showing the necessity of accurate measurements of the target radiometric surface temperature. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanchez, J. M.; Caselles, V.; Niclos, R.; Coll, C.] Univ Valencia, Earth Phys & Thermodynam Dept, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. [Kustas, W. P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sanchez, JM (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Earth Phys & Thermodynam Dept, C Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. EM Juan.M.Sanchez@uv.es RI Niclos, Raquel/B-3171-2010; Coll, Cesar/I-7373-2015; Sanchez, Juan Manuel/F-5807-2016 OI Niclos, Raquel/0000-0001-6630-7118; Coll, Cesar/0000-0001-6665-3870; Sanchez, Juan Manuel/0000-0003-1027-9351 FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [CGL2004-06099-C03-01, CGL2007-64666_CLI]; European Union [CGI.2005-24207-E/CLI, CGL2006-27067-E/CLI]; Juan de la Cierva Research; University of Valencia FX This work was funded by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Projects CGL2004-06099-C03-01 and CGL2007-64666_CLI, cofinanced with European Union FEDER funds, Acciones Complementarias CGI.2005-24207-E/CLI and CGL2006-27067-E/CLI, and Juan de la Cierva Research Grant of Dr. Niclos), and the University of Valencia (V Segles Research Grant of Mr. J.M. Sanchez). The valuable remarks and suggestions of Dr. E. Valor (University of Valencia), Dr. M.C. Anderson (HydroLab, USDA-ARS), and Dr. T. Laurila (Finnish Meteorological institute) are also appreciated. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 6-7 BP 1037 EP 1049 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.12.009 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 435SP UT WOS:000265363900014 ER PT J AU Cosh, MH Kabela, ED Hornbuckle, B Gleason, ML Jackson, TJ Prueger, JH AF Cosh, Michael H. Kabela, Erik D. Hornbuckle, Brian Gleason, Mark L. Jackson, Thomas J. Prueger, John H. TI Observations of dew amount using in situ and satellite measurements in an agricultural landscape SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leaf wetness; Dew; Electronic sensors; Corn; Soybeans ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; WATER; CANOPY; PERFORMANCE; DURATION; CORN AB Estimating the amount of water on leaf surfaces is an increasing concern for remote sensing and hydrology. Measuring the magnitude and spatial extent of leaf wetness events will provide useful information for water and energy balance modeling and remote sensing. As part of the Soil Moisture Experiments 2005 (SMEX05), the temporal and spatial characterization of leaf wetness over a heterogeneous agricultural domain was investigated. Leaf wetness sensors and physical measurements were collected from 15 June to 3 July 2005 in and around the Walnut Creek Watershed near Ames, Iowa, USA. Comparison of the results of the in situ leaf wetness sensor measurements and the physical sampling revealed a moderate correlation for both corn (Zea mays L) and soybeans (Glycine max Merr.). Regression equations were developed to estimate leaf wetness quantity from these leaf wetness sensors and combined with a vegetation leaf area index map to produce a spatial leaf wetness product hourly during the experiment with an error of approximately 0.05 kg/(m(2) LAI). Using this strategy, future efforts in spatial hydrologic modeling and remote sensing would be able to incorporate quantitative estimates of leaf wetness amount in watershed scale studies using only in situ measurements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cosh, Michael H.; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kabela, Erik D.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Hornbuckle, Brian; Gleason, Mark L.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Michael.Cosh@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program; NASA Aqua AMSR-E Validation Program FX The authors would like to thank the many scientists and students who participated in the development and execution of the SMEX05 Experiment. We would also like to thank Tim Hart, without whose help the experiment would not have been possible. SMEX05 ground sampling was supported by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program and NASA Aqua AMSR-E Validation Program. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 6-7 BP 1082 EP 1086 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.01.004 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 435SP UT WOS:000265363900018 ER PT J AU Malone, RW Meek, DW Hatfield, JL Mann, ME Jaquis, RJ Ma, L AF Malone, R. W. Meek, D. W. Hatfield, J. L. Mann, M. E. Jaquis, R. J. Ma, L. TI Quasi-biennial corn yield cycles in Iowa SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE QBO; NAO; ENSO; SOI; Nitrate leaching; Corn production; Climate; Multitaper spectral analysis ID CLIMATIC TIME-SERIES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; MAIZE YIELD; CROP-YIELD; VARIABILITY; WEATHER; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION AB Quasi-biennial cycles are often reported in climate studies. The interannual El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are two phenomena containing quasi-periodicities of approximately 2.5 and 2.2 years. It is known that ENSO affects corn yield through weather patterns, NAO affects surface temperature and cloudiness, and surface temperature, rainfall, and radiation affect corn yield. However, a quasi-biennial pattern in corn yield and the combined effect of several climate signals on long-term U.S. corn yield are not known. Here we show statistically significant 2-3 year periods in long-term corn yield from one of the world's most important corn producing regions, High (low) yields are due in part to high (low) surface radiation and low (high) temperature early in the corn growing season coupled with sufficient (insufficient) rainfall later in the growing season. A statistical model we developed using three climate indices accounts for 54% of the interannual variation in Iowa corn yield. The most significant periodicities found in the model's spectrum are similar to the quasi-biennial periodicities in observed corn yield. We classify Iowa corn yield from several regional datasets (19602006) for 'low yield' and 'high yield' conditions as predicted by the model. The difference between observed corn yields for 'high' and 'low' yielding years was 19% (p = 0.0001). The results demonstrate a quasi-biennial pattern in long-term Iowa corn yield related to large-scale climate variability. This knowledge Could lead to models that help guide springtime agricultural management decisions that improve profitability and reduce nitrate flux to groundwater, streams, rivers, and coastal oceans. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Malone, R. W.; Meek, D. W.; Hatfield, J. L.; Jaquis, R. J.] USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mann, M. E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mann, M. E.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ma, L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Agr Res Serv, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rob.malone@ars.usda.gov RI Mann, Michael/B-8472-2017 OI Mann, Michael/0000-0003-3067-296X NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 6-7 BP 1087 EP 1094 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.01.009 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 435SP UT WOS:000265363900019 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Timlin, DJ Fleisher, DH Kim, SH Quebedeauxc, B Reddy, VR AF Yang, Y. Timlin, D. J. Fleisher, D. H. Kim, S. -H. Quebedeauxc, B. Reddy, V. R. TI Simulating leaf area of corn plants at contrasting water status SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought stress; Leaf area; Corn; Crop modeling ID CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBERS; MAIZE ZEA-MAYS; EVAPORATIVE DEMAND; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; EXPANSION RATE; GROWTH-RATE; LEAVES; MODEL; POTENTIALS; SOIL AB An exponential decay function was fitted with literature data to describe the decrease in corn leaf expansion rate as predawn leaf water potential decreases. The fitted function was then applied to modify an existing leaf area simulation module in a soil-plant-atmosphere continuum corn Simulation model (MaizSim) in order to simulate leaf area of corn plants at different water Status. Data were collected from field for two years as well as from sunlit growth chambers located at USDA-ARS facilities in Beltsville, MD with different irrigation frequencies. Comparison among simulations and measurements indicated that the modified leaf area module improved leaf area simulation for corn plant under different drought stress. For plants under more severe drought stress, the improvement in leaf area simulation was more significant. These results suggested that the modified leaf area model presented an approach to mechanistically link corn leaf area with corn plant water status, and was suitable for integration with existing corn models that simulate corn leaf area. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Y.] Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, USDA, Queenstown, MD USA. [Timlin, D. J.; Fleisher, D. H.; Reddy, V. R.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Quebedeauxc, B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, S. -H.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Yang, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, USDA, Queenstown, MD USA. EM Yang.Yang@ars.usda.gov RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 6-7 BP 1161 EP 1167 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.02.005 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 435SP UT WOS:000265363900026 ER PT J AU Vanden Wymelenberg, A Gaskell, J Mozuch, M Kersten, P Sabat, G Martinez, D Cullen, D AF Vanden Wymelenberg, Amber Gaskell, Jill Mozuch, Mike Kersten, Phil Sabat, Grzegorz Martinez, Diego Cullen, Dan TI Transcriptome and Secretome Analyses of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Reveal Complex Patterns of Gene Expression SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN-DEGRADING ENZYME; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; CELLOBIOSE DEHYDROGENASE; SPOROTRICHUM-PULVERULENTUM; EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS; ALCOHOL OXIDASE; PEROXIDASE; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION AB The wood decay basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium was grown under standard ligninolytic or cellulolytic conditions and subjected to whole-genome expression microarray analysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of extracellular proteins. A total of 545 genes were flagged on the basis of significant changes in transcript accumulation and/or peptide sequences of the secreted proteins. Under nitrogen or carbon limitation, lignin and manganese peroxidase expression increased relative to nutrient replete medium. Various extracellular oxidases were also secreted in these media, supporting a physiological connection based on peroxide generation. Numerous genes presumed to be involved in mobilizing and recycling nitrogen were expressed under nitrogen limitation, and among these were several secreted glutamic acid proteases not previously observed. In medium containing microcrystalline cellulose as the sole carbon source, numerous genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes were upregulated. Among these were six members of the glycoside hydrolase family 61, as well as several polysaccharide lyases and carbohydrate esterases. Presenting a daunting challenge for future research, more than 190 upregulated genes are predicted to encode proteins of unknown function. Of these hypothetical proteins, approximately one-third featured predicted secretion signals, and 54 encoded proteins detected in extracellular filtrates. Our results affirm the importance of certain oxidative enzymes and, underscoring the complexity of lignocellulose degradation, also support an important role for many new proteins of unknown function. C1 [Gaskell, Jill; Mozuch, Mike; Kersten, Phil; Cullen, Dan] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Vanden Wymelenberg, Amber] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sabat, Grzegorz] Univ Wisconsin, Genet & Biotechnol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Martinez, Diego] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2007-35504-18257]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-87ER13712]; National Institutes of Health [GM060201] FX This study was supported by National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant 2007-35504-18257 to the Forest Products Laboratory; by U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-87ER13712 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison; and by National Institutes of Health grant GM060201 to the University of New Mexico. NR 60 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 12 BP 4058 EP 4068 DI 10.1128/AEM.00314-09 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 455RP UT WOS:000266782300028 PM 19376920 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Cantrell, CL Duke, SO AF Dayan, Franck E. Cantrell, Charles L. Duke, Stephen O. TI Natural products in crop protection SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Natural pesticide; Sustainable agriculture; Natural herbicide; Natural fungicide; Natural insecticide; Essential oils; Biological control; Triketone; Corn gluten; Momilactone; Sorgoleone; Bialaphos; Spinosad; Avermectins; Milbemycins; Ryania; Sabadilla; Chitin; Harpin; Strobilurins ID P-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; CORN GLUTEN HYDROLYSATE; ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; LOLIUM-PERENNE L; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; ESSENTIAL OILS; POWDERY MILDEW; MOMILACTONE-B; ROOT EXUDATE AB The tremendous increase in crop yields associated with the 'green' revolution has been possible in part by the discovery and utilization of chemicals for pest control. However, concerns over the potential impact of pesticides on human health and the environment has led to the introduction of new pesticide registration procedures, such as the Food Quality Protection Act in the United States. These new regulations have reduced the number of synthetic pesticides available in agriculture. Therefore, the current paradigm of relying almost exclusively on chemicals for pest control may need to be reconsidered. New pesticides, including natural product-based pesticides are being discovered and developed to replace the compounds lost due to the new registration requirements. This review covers the historical use of natural products in agricultural practices, the impact of natural products on the development of new pesticides, and the future prospects for natural products-based pest management. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dayan, Franck E.; Cantrell, Charles L.; Duke, Stephen O.] Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 160 TC 356 Z9 381 U1 31 U2 252 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 12 BP 4022 EP 4034 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.046 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 454CT UT WOS:000266660000003 PM 19216080 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Kim, YJ Wang, XJ Etzkorn, FA Kaczmarek, K Zabrocki, J Adams, ME AF Nachman, Ronald J. Kim, Young-Joon Wang, Xiaodong J. Etzkorn, Felicia A. Kaczmarek, Krzysztof Zabrocki, Janusz Adams, Michael E. TI Potent activity of a PK/PBAN analog with an (E)-alkene, trans-Pro mimic identifies the Pro orientation and core conformation during interaction with HevPBANR-C receptor SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pheromonotropic; Heliothis; Peptidomimetic; Neuropeptide; Cyclic ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; SARCOPHAGA-BULLATA LARVAE; MOTH HELICOVERPA-ZEA; BOMBYX-MORI; DIAPAUSE HORMONE; PUPARIATION ACCELERATION; SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES AB The pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PK/PBAN) family plays a multifunctional role in an array of important physiological processes in insects, including regulation of sex pheromone biosynthesis in moths. A cyclic PK/PBAN analog (cyclo[NTSFTPRL]) retains significant activity on the pheromonotropic HevPBANR receptor from the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Previous studies indicate that this rigid, cyclic analog adopts a type I beta-turn with a transPro over residues TPRL within the core PK/PBAN region. An analog containing an (E)-alkene, trans-Pro mimetic motif was synthesized, and upon evaluation on the HevPBANR receptor found to have an EC(50) value that is not statistically different from a parent C-terminal PK/PBAN hexapeptide sequence. The results, in aggregate, provide strong evidence for the orientation of Pro and the core conformation of PK/PBAN neuropeptides during interaction with the expressed PBAN receptor. The work further identifies a novel scaffold with which to design mimetic PBAN analogs as potential leads in the development of environmentally favorable pest management agents capable of disrupting PK/PBAN-regulated pheromone signaling systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nachman, Ronald J.; Kaczmarek, Krzysztof; Zabrocki, Janusz] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Kim, Young-Joon; Adams, Michael E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kim, Young-Joon; Adams, Michael E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kim, Young-Joon] GIST, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Wang, Xiaodong J.; Etzkorn, Felicia A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kaczmarek, Krzysztof; Zabrocki, Janusz] Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Organ Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu; michael.adams@ucr.edu RI Kaczmarek, Krzysztof/H-5741-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [GM 067310, RO1 GM63271-01] FX The authors acknowledge the able technical assistance of Allison Strey and Nan Pryor (USDA, College Station, TX), Vincent Dupriez, Euroscreen, Belgium for providing the WTA11-CHO cell line, and financial assistance from Grants from the National Institutes of Health (GM 067310 [YJK, MEA] and RO1 GM63271-01 [XJW,FAE]). NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 12 BP 4216 EP 4220 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.036 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 454CT UT WOS:000266660000018 PM 19356938 ER PT J AU Kim, HN Bradford, SA Walker, SL AF Kim, Hyunjung N. Bradford, Scott A. Walker, Sharon L. TI Escherichia coli O157:H7 Transport in Saturated Porous Media: Role of Solution Chemistry and Surface Macromolecules SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; ADHESION-DEFICIENT BACTERIA; COLLISION EFFICIENCY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; DEPOSITION; KINETICS; GROUNDWATER; ATTACHMENT; RETENTION; COLLOIDS AB The transport and deposition behavior of Escherichia coli O157: H7 was investigated in saturated packed-bed columns and micromodel systems over a range of ionic strength (IS) (1, 10, and 100 mM) and pH (5.8, 8.4, and 9.2) conditions. At a given IS, elevated solution pH resulted in decreased deposition as a result of the increase in the measured zeta potential of the quartz sand. This deposition trend was consistent with predictions from classic Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Conversely, the E coli O157:H7 deposition was inversely proportional to IS(1-100mM) at high pH conditions (8.4 and 9.2), whereas no effect of IS was observed at pH 5.8. This deposition trend was not consistent with DLVO theory, but could be explained by pH-associated electrosteric stabilization. This phenomenon is driven by the pH-dependent protonated state of functional groups on E coli O157:H7 surface macromolecules and the corresponding conformational state of the bacterial polymers. Results from this study demonstrate that retention of E coli O157:H7 cells in porous media is a complex process that depends on the solution chemistry, cell-cell interactions, and pore structure. The findings in this study also imply that previous work conducted at lower pH and IS conditions may underestimate E coli O157:H7 travel distance in higher salt and pH groundwater environments. C1 [Kim, Hyunjung N.; Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Walker, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM swalkar@engr.ucr.edu RI Kim, Hyunjung/F-1505-2013 OI Kim, Hyunjung/0000-0003-2115-6891 FU USDA [2006-02541] FX This research was funded by the USDA CSREES NRI (2006-02541). The E. coli O157:H7/pGFP strain 72 was provided by Dr. Pina Fratamico (USDA-ARS-ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA). We acknowledge Alan Nguyen for assistance with micromodel experiments. NR 60 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 12 BP 4340 EP 4347 DI 10.1021/es8026055 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 457XF UT WOS:000266968500021 PM 19603644 ER PT J AU Pisanelli, I Kujawa, M Spadiut, O Kittl, R Halada, P Volc, J Mozuch, MD Kersten, P Haltrich, D Peterbauer, C AF Pisanelli, Ines Kujawa, Magdalena Spadiut, Oliver Kittl, Roman Halada, Petr Volc, Jindrich Mozuch, Michael D. Kersten, Philip Haltrich, Dietmar Peterbauer, Clemens TI Pyranose 2-oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium-Expression in E. coli and biochemical characterization SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pyranose 2-oxidase; Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Lignocellulose degradation; Heterologous expression ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; 1,4-BENZOQUINONE REDUCTASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OXIDASE; ENZYME; PURIFICATION; BASIDIOMYCETE; FUNGI; DEHYDROGENASE AB The presented work reports the isolation and heterologous expression of the p2ox gene encoding the flavoprotein pyranose 2-oxidase (P2Ox) from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The p2ox cDNA was inserted into the bacterial expression vector pET21a(+) and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. We obtained active, fully flavinylated recombinant P2Ox in yields of approximately 270 mg/l medium. The recombinant enzyme was provided with an N-terminal T7-tag and a C-terminal HiS(6)-tag to facilitate simple one-step purification. We obtained an apparently homogenous enzyme preparation with a specific activity of 16.5 U/mg. Recombinant P2Ox from P. chrysosporium was characterized in some detail with respect to its physical and catalytic properties, both for electron donor (sugar Substrates) and - for the first time - alternative electron acceptors (1,4-benzoquinone, substituted quinones. 2,6-dichloroindophenol and ferricenium ion). As judged from the catalytic efficiencies k(cat)/K-m some of these alternative electron acceptors are better substrates than oxygen, which might have implications for the proposed in vivo function of pyranose 2-oxidase. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pisanelli, Ines; Kujawa, Magdalena; Spadiut, Oliver; Kittl, Roman; Haltrich, Dietmar; Peterbauer, Clemens] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, BOKU, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Vienna, Austria. [Halada, Petr; Volc, Jindrich] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Microbiol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Mozuch, Michael D.; Kersten, Philip] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Kujawa, Magdalena; Kittl, Roman] Res Ctr Appl Biocatalysis, Graz, Austria. RP Peterbauer, C (reprint author), Univ Bodenkultur, Dept Lebensmittelwissensch & Technol, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. EM clemens.peterbauer@boku.ac.at RI Halada, Petr/H-3330-2014; Volc, Jindrich/J-3234-2014; OI Haltrich, Dietmar/0000-0002-8722-8176 FU Austrian Science Fund FWF [L 210, L 213] NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 142 IS 2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.03.019 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 465FN UT WOS:000267567900001 PM 19501263 ER PT J AU Gabriel, MC Kolka, R Wickman, T Nater, E Woodruff, L AF Gabriel, Mark C. Kolka, Randy Wickman, Trent Nater, Ed Woodruff, Laurel TI Evaluating the spatial variation of total mercury in young-of-year yellow perch (Perca flavescens), surface water and upland soil for watershed-lake systems within the southern Boreal Shield SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Yellow perch; Total mercury; Boreal ecosystem; Watersheds; Regression modeling ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; NOVA-SCOTIA; METHYLMERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; KEJIMKUJIK-PARK; METHYL MERCURY; ONTARIO LAKES; NATIONAL-PARK; FISH AB The primary objective of this research is to investigate relationships between mercury in upland soil, lake water and fish tissue and explore the cause for the observed spatial variation of THg in age one yellow perch (Perca flavescens) for ten lakes within the Superior National Forest. Spatial relationships between yellow perch THg tissue concentration and a total of 45 watershed and water chemistry parameters were evaluated for two separate years: 2005 and 2006. Results show agreement with other studies where watershed area, lake water pH, nutrient levels (specifically dissolved NO(3)(-)-N) and dissolved iron are important factors controlling and/or predicting fish THg level. Exceeding all was the strong dependence of yellow perch THg level on soil A-horizon THg and, in particular, soil O-horizon THg concentrations (Spearman rho = 0.81). Soil B-horizon THg concentration was significantly correlated (Pearson r = 0.75) with lake water THg concentration. Lakes surrounded by a greater percentage of shrub wetlands (peatlands) had higher fish tissue THg levels, thus it is highly possible that these wetlands are main locations for mercury methylation. Stepwise regression was used to develop empirical models for the purpose of predicting the spatial variation in yellow perch THg over the studied region. The 2005 regression model demonstrates it is possible to obtain good prediction (up to 60% variance description) of resident yellow perch THg level using upland soil O-horizon THg as the only independent variable. The 2006 model shows even greater prediction (r(2)=0.73, with an overall 10 ng/g [tissue, wet weight] margin of error), using lake water dissolved iron and watershed area as the only model independent variables. The developed regression models in this study can help with interpreting THg concentrations in low trophic level fish species for untested lakes of the greater Superior National Forest and surrounding Boreal ecosystem. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gabriel, Mark C.; Nater, Ed] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kolka, Randy] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI 55744 USA. [Wickman, Trent] Super Natl Forest, Duluth, MN 55808 USA. [Woodruff, Laurel] USGS Eastern Mineral Resources, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Gabriel, MC (reprint author), 3301 Gun Club Rd, W Palm Beach, FL USA. EM mgabriel@sfwmd.gov FU Joint Fire Sciences 2004-2; Local Research Needs FX This research was accomplished through a collaborative agreement between the USGS (Mineral Resources Program, Reston, VA), USDA-FS (Superior National Forest, Duluth, MN and Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN) and the University of Minnesota (Department of Soil Water and Climate, St. Paul, MN). Specifically, the authors wish to thank Bill Cannon, Connie Dicken, John Horton, Jason Butcher, Ken Gebhardt, Jessica Wittwer, Emma Witt, Jodi Thielen and Lindsey Peters for their field and analytical support. This research was funded by Joint Fire Sciences 2004-2, Local Research Needs. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 13 BP 4117 EP 4126 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.03.019 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 455LM UT WOS:000266761500022 PM 19349066 ER PT J AU Payton, P Kottapalli, KR Rowland, D Faircloth, W Guo, BZ Burow, M Puppala, N Gallo, M AF Payton, Paxton Kottapalli, Kameswara Rao Rowland, Diane Faircloth, Wilson Guo, Baozhu Burow, Mark Puppala, Naveen Gallo, Maria TI Gene expression profiling in peanut using high density oligonucleotide microarrays SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; AGILENT MICROARRAY; WATER-DEFICIT; HIGH-SALINITY; LINKAGE MAP; STRESS; TOLERANCE; RICE; EMBRYOGENESIS; ACCUMULATION AB Background: Transcriptome expression analysis in peanut to date has been limited to a relatively small set of genes and only recently has a significant number of ESTs been released into the public domain. Utilization of these ESTs for oligonucleotide microarrays provides a means to investigate large-scale transcript responses to a variety of developmental and environmental signals, ultimately improving our understanding of plant biology. Results: We have developed a high-density oligonucleotide microarray for peanut using 49,205 publicly available ESTs and tested the utility of this array for expression profiling in a variety of peanut tissues. To identify putatively tissue-specific genes and demonstrate the utility of this array for expression profiling in a variety of peanut tissues, we compared transcript levels in pod, peg, leaf, stem, and root tissues. Results from this experiment showed 108 putatively pod-specific/abundant genes, as well as transcripts whose expression was low or undetected in pod compared to peg, leaf, stem, or root. The transcripts significantly over-represented in pod include genes responsible for seed storage proteins and desiccation (e. g., late-embryogenesis abundant proteins, aquaporins, legumin B), oil production, and cellular defense. Additionally, almost half of the pod-abundant genes represent unknown genes allowing for the possibility of associating putative function to these previously uncharacterized genes. Conclusion: The peanut oligonucleotide array represents the majority of publicly available peanut ESTs and can be used as a tool for expression profiling studies in diverse tissues. C1 [Payton, Paxton; Kottapalli, Kameswara Rao] USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Kottapalli, Kameswara Rao; Burow, Mark] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Rowland, Diane; Faircloth, Wilson] USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. [Guo, Baozhu] Crop Protect & Res Management Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Burow, Mark] Texas Agrilife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Puppala, Naveen] New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Ctr, Clovis, NM 88101 USA. [Gallo, Maria] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gallo, Maria] Univ Florida, Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Payton, P (reprint author), USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM paxton.payton@ars.usda.gov; rao.kottapalli@ars.usda.gov; diane.rowland@ars.usda.gov; wilson.faircloth@ars.usda.gov; baozhu.guo@ars.usda.gov; mburow@tamu.edu; npuppala@nmsu.edu; mgm@ufl.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6208-21000-012-00D]; New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center, Clovis FX We thank Joseph Quilantan and Meenakshi Mittal for technical help. This research was supported by grants from the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas Agrilife Research, Texas Agrilife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University, USDA-ARS CRIS 6208-21000-012-00D, and New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center, Clovis. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 12 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 265 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-265 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 467KR UT WOS:000267738100001 PM 19523230 ER PT J AU Arakane, Y Lomakin, J Beeman, RW Muthukrishnan, S Gehrke, SH Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ AF Arakane, Yasuyuki Lomakin, Joseph Beeman, Richard W. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Gehrke, Stevin H. Kanost, Michael R. Kramer, Karl J. TI Molecular and Functional Analyses of Amino Acid Decarboxylases Involved in Cuticle Tanning in Tribolium castaneum SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHITIN-SYNTHASE GENES; RED FLOUR BEETLE; DOPA DECARBOXYLASE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BETA-ALANINE; INSECT CUTICLE; ADULT DEVELOPMENT; TOBACCO HORNWORM; SCLEROTIZATION; CATECHOLAMINE AB Aspartate 1-decarboxylase (ADC) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase (DDC) provide beta-alanine and dopamine used in insect cuticle tanning. beta-Alanine is conjugated with dopamine to yield N-beta-alanyldopamine (NBAD), a substrate for the phenol oxidase laccase that catalyzes the synthesis of cuticle protein cross-linking agents and pigment precursors. We identified ADC and DDC genes in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Tc), and investigated their functions. TcADC mRNA was most abundant prior to the pupal-adult molt. Injection of TcADC double-stranded (ds) RNA (dsTcADC) into mature larvae resulted in depletion of NBAD in pharate adults, accumulation of dopamine, and abnormally dark pigmentation of the adult cuticle. Injection of beta-alanine, the expected product of ADC, into dsTcADC-treated pupae rescued the pigmentation phenotype, resulting in normal rust-red color. A similar pattern of catechol content consisting of elevated dopamine and depressed NBAD was observed in the genetic black mutants of Tribolium, in which levels of TcADC mRNA were drastically reduced. Furthermore, from the Tribolium black mutant and dsTcADC-injected insects both exhibited similar changes in material properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis of elytral cuticle from beetles with depleted TcADC transcripts revealed diminished cross-linking of cuticular components, further confirming the important role of oxidation products of NBAD as cross-linking agents during cuticle tanning. Injection of dsTcDDC into larvae produced a lethal pupal phenotype, and the resulting grayish pupal cuticle exhibited many small patches of black pigmentation. When dsTcDDC was injected into young pupae, the resulting adults had abnormally dark brown body color, but there was little mortality. Injection of dsTcDDC resulted in more than a 5-fold increase in levels of DOPA, indicating that lack of TcDDC led to accumulation of its substrate, DOPA. C1 [Arakane, Yasuyuki; Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam; Kanost, Michael R.; Kramer, Karl J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lomakin, Joseph; Gehrke, Stevin H.] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Beeman, Richard W.; Kramer, Karl J.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Kanost, MR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kanost@ksu.edu RI mo, qin/O-7877-2014 FU National Science Foundation [IOS 0726425] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant IOS 0726425. This is Contribution 08-298-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 34 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 12 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 24 BP 16584 EP 16594 DI 10.1074/jbc.M901629200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 455BM UT WOS:000266730900055 PM 19366687 ER PT J AU Robbins, RJ Leonczak, J Johnson, JC Li, JL Kwik-Uribe, C Prior, RL Gu, LW AF Robbins, Rebecca J. Leonczak, Jadwiga Johnson, J. Christopher Li, Julia Kwik-Uribe, Catherine Prior, Ronald L. Gu, Liwei TI Method performance and multi-laboratory assessment of a normal phase high pressure liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection method for the quantitation of flavanols and procyanidins in cocoa and chocolate containing samples SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Flavanols; Procyanidins; Cocoa; Multi-laboratory validation; Quantitative; HPLC; FLD; NIST; Chocolate; Diol ID RICH COCOA; SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; PLATELET ACTIVATION; THEOBROMA-CACAO; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; FOODS; QUANTIFICATION; BEVERAGES; HUMANS AB The quantitative parameters and method performance for a normal-phase HPLC separation of flavanols and procyanidins in chocolate and cocoa-containing food products were optimized and assessed. Single laboratory method performance was examined over three months using three separate secondary standards. RSD((r)) ranged from 1.9%, 4.5% to 9.0% for cocoa powder, liquor and chocolate samples containing 74.39, 15.47 and 1.87 mg/g flavanols and procyanidins, respectively. Accuracy was determined by comparison to the NIST Standard Reference Material 2384. Inter-lab assessment indicated that variability was quite low for seven different cocoa-containing samples, with a RSD((R)) of less than 10% for the range of samples analyzed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Robbins, Rebecca J.; Leonczak, Jadwiga; Johnson, J. Christopher; Li, Julia; Kwik-Uribe, Catherine] Mars Inc, Analyt & Appl Sci Grp, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Gu, Liwei] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Robbins, RJ (reprint author), Mars Inc, Analyt & Appl Sci Grp, 800 High St, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. EM rebecca.robbins@effem.com RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011 NR 28 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 12 PY 2009 VL 1216 IS 24 BP 4831 EP 4840 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.006 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 454GW UT WOS:000266671400003 PM 19426987 ER PT J AU Richter, DD Jenkins, DH Karakash, JT Knight, J Mccreery, LR Nemestothy, KP AF Richter, Daniel de B., Jr. Jenkins, Dylan H. Karakash, John T. Knight, Josiah Mccreery, Lew R. Nemestothy, Kasimir P. TI Wood Energy: The Dangers of Combustion Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Richter, Daniel de B., Jr.] Duke Univ, Univ Program Ecol, So Ctr Sustainable Forests, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Jenkins, Dylan H.] Nature Conservancy, Penn Forest Conservat Program, Williamsport, PA 17701 USA. [Karakash, John T.] Resource Profess Grp, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Knight, Josiah] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Mccreery, Lew R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Nemestothy, Kasimir P.] Austrian Chamber Agr, Dept Forestry & Energy, A-1014 Vienna, Austria. RP Richter, DD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Univ Program Ecol, So Ctr Sustainable Forests, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM drichter@duke.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 12 PY 2009 VL 324 IS 5933 BP 1390 EP 1391 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 456VD UT WOS:000266878700018 ER PT J AU MacKinnon, KM He, H Nerren, JR Swaggerty, CL Genovese, KJ Kogut, MH AF MacKinnon, K. M. He, H. Nerren, J. R. Swaggerty, C. L. Genovese, K. J. Kogut, M. H. TI Expression profile of toll-like receptors within the gastrointestinal tract of 2-day-old Salmonella enteriditis-infected broiler chickens SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toll-like receptor; Gene expression; Intestine; Innate immunity; Salmonella; Bacteria; Avian ID SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; LIGAND; RECOGNITION; INDUCTION; PATTERNS; CELLS; CECUM AB Salmonella enterica serovar Enteriditis (SE) causes a majority of foodborne illness in the U.S. A more productive avian innate immune response could reduce bacterial colonization and the incidence of infection in humans. However, quantification and comparison of the toll-like receptors (TLR), a component of the innate immune system that recognize bacterial pathogens, and their response to SE colonization across the avian gastrointestinal (GI) tract has not been reported. Therefore, we assessed these changes using real-time qRT-PCR to measure expression of TLR 1LA, 2A, 2B, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15, and 21 in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecal tonsil, ceca, and large intestine of uninfected and SE-infected 2-day-old broiler chickens. Samples were collected soon after hatch to approximate natural SE exposure and to measure initial changes in the immune response to infection. All TLRs had measurable expression within the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecal tonsil, ceca, and large intestine. The general expression pattern, with the exception of TLR 2 1, showed distal GI segments had higher TLR mRNA expression than proximal segments. Infected chickens had increased expression of TLR ILA, 2A, 4, and 15 in distal GI segments and upregulation of TLR 2B, 3, and 15 in proximal segments, including the duodenum. Interestingly, SE-infection caused downregulation of TLR 5, with no change in TLR 7 or 21. Overall, we provide a comprehensive report of mRNA expression profiles for the TLR family of innate immune receptors in the GI tract of 2-day-old broilers and their differential response to SE colonization. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [MacKinnon, K. M.; He, H.; Nerren, J. R.; Swaggerty, C. L.; Genovese, K. J.; Kogut, M. H.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP MacKinnon, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kathryn.mackinnon@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUN 12 PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.01.024 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 458JQ UT WOS:000267014700015 PM 19201111 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE AF Desjardins, Anne E. TI From Yellow Rain to Green Wheat: 25 Years of Trichothecene Biosynthesis Research SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Trichothecene biosynthesis; Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium sporotrichioides; TRI genes; wheat head blight; maize ear rot ID FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE; REDUCED VIRULENCE; TOXIN PRODUCTION; T-2 TOXIN; GENE; DISRUPTION; EXPRESSION AB Trichothecene biosynthesis research at the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Peoria, IL, began in 1984 in response to concerns about the use of trichothecenes in biological warfare, but continued as a long-term research program on the intractable problem of trichothecene contamination of human foods and animal feeds. Over 25 years, the trichothecene biosynthesis research group integrated natural product chemistry with fungal genetics and plant pathology in the laboratory and in the field to understand how and why Fusarium species make these complex and highly toxic metabolites. This interdisciplinary research placed trichothecenes in the unique class of fungal metabolites that not only cause mycotoxicoses in animals but also are virulence factors in plant disease. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM anne.desjardins@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 11 BP 4478 EP 4484 DI 10.1021/jf9003847 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 453YW UT WOS:000266649800002 PM 19385595 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Accinelli, C Krutz, LJ Reddy, KN AF Zablotowicz, Robert M. Accinelli, Cesare Krutz, L. Jason Reddy, Krishna N. TI Soil Depth and Tillage Effects on Glyphosate Degradation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biodegradation; glyphosate; mineralization; sorption; crop management ID DANISH SURFACE SOILS; RESISTANT CROPS; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MINERALIZATION; CORN; COMMUNITIES; ADSORPTION; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; ATRAZINE AB The use of glyphosate-resistant crops facilitated the widespread adoption of no-tillage (NT) cropping systems. The experimental objectives were to determine glyphosate sorption, mineralization, and persistence at two depths [0-2 cm (A) and 2-10 cm (B)] in a silt loam managed under long-term conventional tillage (CT) or NT soybean. Relative to the other soils, organic carbon (OC) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity were at least 1.4-fold higher in NT-A. Glyphosate K-d values ranged from 78.2 to 48.1 and were not correlated with OC. Cumulative glyphosate mineralized after 35 days was highest in NT-A soil (70%), intermediate in CT-A and CT-B (63%), and least in NT-B (51%). Mineralization was positively correlated with OC and FDA activity, but negatively correlated with K-d, indicating that sorption decreased bioavailability. Independent of tillage and depth, the half-lives for 0.01 N CaCl2 and 0.1 N NaOH extractable residues (bioavailable residues and residues bound to iron and aluminum oxides, respectively) were <= 1.2 h and <= 14.2 days, respectively. These data indicate that glyphosate sorption and persistence are similar between the surface of NT and CT soils and that the adoption of NT will likely have minimal impact on the risk for nontarget effects of glyphosate on soil microflora or transport in surface runoff. C1 [Zablotowicz, Robert M.; Krutz, L. Jason; Reddy, Krishna N.] ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Accinelli, Cesare] Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Robert.Zablotowicz@ars.usda.gov RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008; OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Accinelli, Cesare/0000-0001-8200-0108 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 11 BP 4867 EP 4871 DI 10.1021/jf900272w PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 453YW UT WOS:000266649800057 PM 19408929 ER PT J AU Sadowsky, MJ Koskinen, WC Bischoff, M Barber, BL Becker, JM Turco, RF AF Sadowsky, Michael J. Koskinen, William C. Bischoff, Marianne Barber, Brian L. Becker, Joanna M. Turco, Ronald F. TI Rapid and Complete Degradation of the Herbicide Picloram by Lipomyces kononenkoae SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Picloram; biodegradation; yeast; Lipomyces kononenkoae; dechlorination; complete degradation ID SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; DECOMPOSITION; PERSISTENCE; METABOLISM; PYRIDINE AB An enrichment culture approach was used to isolate a pure culture of the yeast Lipomyces kononenkoae, which had the ability to grow on the herbicide picloram. The yeast rapidly and completely degraded 50 mu g mL(-1) picloram by 48 h of growth. While L. kononenkoae was found to use both N atoms of picloram as a sole nitrogen source for growth, it failed to mineralize the herbicide or use it as a sole C source. Product analysis done using LC-ESI-MS indicated that biodegradation of picloram by L. kononenkoae proceeds via a didechlorinated, dihydroxylated, pyridinecarboxylic acid derivative. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the majority of picloram degradation in the soil is likely due to microbial catabolic processes. C1 [Sadowsky, Michael J.; Barber, Brian L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Koskinen, William C.; Becker, Joanna M.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. [Bischoff, Marianne; Turco, Ronald F.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sadowsky@umn.edu RI Turco, Ronald/B-8739-2008; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Turco, Ronald/0000-0002-1794-1486; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 FU University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA-NRCS FX Received for review January 7, 2009. Revised manuscript received April 10, 2009. Accepted April 13, 2009. This study was supported, in part, by a grant from the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (to M.J.S.) and by a grant from USDA-NRCS (to R.F.T.). NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 11 BP 4878 EP 4882 DI 10.1021/jf900067f PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 453YW UT WOS:000266649800059 PM 19489626 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Glahn, RP Nelson, D Miller, DD AF Zhu, Le Glahn, Raymond P. Nelson, Deanna Miller, Dennis D. TI Comparing Soluble Ferric Pyrophosphate to Common Iron Salts and Chelates as Sources of Bioavailable Iron in a Caco-2 Cell Culture Model SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soluble ferric pyrophosphate; ferritin; ascorbic acid; pH; divalent metal ions; Caco-2 cells; iron bioavailability ID HEALTHY-YOUNG MEN; ASCORBIC-ACID; POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS; TANNIC-ACID; PHYTIC ACID; ABSORPTION; RATS; TRANSFERRIN; MECHANISM; NAFEEDTA AB Iron bioavailability from supplements and fortificants varies depending upon the form of the iron and the presence or absence of iron absorption enhancers and inhibitors. Our objectives were to compare the effects of pH and selected enhancers and inhibitors and food matrices on the bioavailability of iron in soluble ferric pyrophosphate (SFP) to other iron fortificants using a Caco-2 cell culture model with or without the combination of in vitro digestion. Ferritin formation was the highest in cells treated with SFP compared to those treated with other iron compounds or chelates. Exposure to pH 2 followed by adjustment to pH 7 markedly decreased FeSO4 bioavailability but had a smaller effect on bioavailabilities from SFP and sodium iron(III) ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA), suggesting that chelating agents minimize the effects of pH on iron bioavailabilty. Adding ascorbic acid (AA) and cysteine to SFP in a 20:1 molar ratio increased ferritin formation by 3- and 2-fold, respectively, whereas adding citrate had no significant effect on the bioavailability of SFP. Adding phytic acid (10:1) and tannic acid (1:1) to iron decreased iron bioavailability from SFP by 91 and 99%, respectively. The addition of zinc had a marked inhibitory effect on iron bioavailability. Calcium and magnesium also inhibited iron bioavailability but to a lesser extent. Incorporating SFP in rice greatly reduced iron bioavailability from SFP, but this effect can be partially reversed with the addition of AA. SFP and FeSO4 were taken up similarly when added to nonfat dry milk. Our results suggest that dietary factors known to enhance and inhibit iron bioavailability from various iron sources affect iron bioavailability from SFP in similar directions. However, the magnitude of the effects of iron absorption inhibitors on SFP iron appears to be smaller than on iron salts, such as FeSO4 and FeCl3. This supports the hypothesis that SFP is a promising iron source for food fortification and dietary supplements. C1 [Zhu, Le] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Human Biol, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. [Nelson, Deanna] BioLink Life Sci Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.] Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zhu, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Human Biol, 2420 Nicolet Dr,LS 467, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. EM zhul@uwgb.edu NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 11 BP 5014 EP 5019 DI 10.1021/jf900328t PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 453YW UT WOS:000266649800078 PM 19449807 ER PT J AU He, XH Quinones, B Carter, JM Mandrell, RE AF He, Xiaohua Quinones, Beatriz Carter, John Mark Mandrell, Robert E. TI Validation of a Cell-Free Translation Assay for Detecting Shiga Toxin 2 in Bacterial Culture SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cell-free translation assay; E. coli O157:H7 strains; limit of detection; Shiga toxin 2; thermal stability of Stx2 ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; N-GLYCOSIDASE ACTIVITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; CONVERTING PHAGES; SHIGELLA TOXIN; UNITED-STATES; PATHOGENESIS; DIARRHEA AB A cell-free translation (CFT) assay for detecting Shiga toxin (Stx) at different levels of purity has been validated. The limits of detection for pure Stx2 (PStx2) and partially pure Stx2 (PPStx2) in water reached 20 and 3.5 pg/mu L, respectively, without the artificial process of proteolytic activation and reduction of the pro-toxin. The specific detection of Stx2 was confirmed by a neutralization test using Stx2-specific mouse monoclonal antibody. This assay can be used for differentiation of Stx-producing Escherichia coli from non-Stx-producing E coli. Four E coli O157:H7 strains genotypically different for Stx were tested. The translational inhibition of Stx-producing E coli was significantly higher than that of non-Stx-producing E coli when bacterial culture supernatants were used for the analysis. Inhibition occurred even with supernatants diluted 1000-fold. The thermal stability of Stx2 was studied using the CFT assay, and significant differences were observed among three Stx2 preparations heated at 70 degrees C for 60 min. It was concluded that the CFT assay is a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for detecting Stx2 activity. C1 [He, Xiaohua; Quinones, Beatriz; Carter, John Mark; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP He, XH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM xiaohua.he@ars.usda.gov RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 11 BP 5084 EP 5088 DI 10.1021/jf9002285 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 453YW UT WOS:000266649800088 PM 19489630 ER PT J AU Myung, K Li, SJ Butchko, RAE Busman, M Proctor, RH Abbas, HK Calvo, AM AF Myung, Kyung Li, Shaojie Butchko, Robert A. E. Busman, Mark Proctor, Robert H. Abbas, Hamed K. Calvo, Ana M. TI FvVE1 Regulates Biosynthesis of the Mycotoxins Fumonisins and Fusarins in Fusarium verticillioides SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium verticillioides; fumonisin; fusarins; FvVE1; veA; secondary metabolism ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; GENE-CLUSTER; SECONDARY METABOLISM; MONILIFORME; AFLATOXIN; VEA; SYNTHASE; PROTEIN; CONIDIATION; PARASITICUS AB The veA gene positively regulates sterigmatocystin production in Aspergillus nidulans and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. Whether veA homologues have a role in regulating secondary metabolism in other fungal genera is unknown. In this study, we examined the role of the veA homologue, FvVE1, on the production of two mycotoxin families, fumonisins and fusarins, in the important corn pathogen Fusarium verticillioides. We found that FvVE1 deletion completely suppressed fumonisin production on two natural substrates, corn and rice. Furthermore, our results revealed that FvVE1 is necessary for the expression of the pathway-specific regulatory gene FUM21 and structural genes in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene (FUM) cluster. FvVE1 deletion also blocked production of fusarins. The effects of FvVE1 deletion on the production of these toxins were found to be the same in two separate mating types. Our results strongly suggest that FvVE1 plays an important role in regulating mycotoxin production in F. verticillioides. C1 [Myung, Kyung; Li, Shaojie; Calvo, Ana M.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Butchko, Robert A. E.; Busman, Mark; Proctor, Robert H.] ARS, USDA, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Abbas, Hamed K.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit CG & PRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Calvo, AM (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1425 W Lincoln Highway, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM amcalvo@niu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R15 GM074267, R15 GM074267-01A1] NR 36 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 11 BP 5089 EP 5094 DI 10.1021/jf900783u PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 453YW UT WOS:000266649800089 PM 19382792 ER PT J AU Cerin, E Conway, TL Saelens, BE Frank, LD Sallis, JF AF Cerin, Ester Conway, Terry L. Saelens, Brian E. Frank, Lawrence D. Sallis, James F. TI Cross-validation of the factorial structure of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) and its abbreviated form (NEWS-A) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ADULTS AB Background: The Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) and its abbreviated form (NEWS-A) assess perceived environmental attributes believed to influence physical activity. A multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) conducted on a sample from Seattle, WA showed that, at the respondent level, the factor-analyzable items of the NEWS and NEWS-A measured 11 and 10 constructs of perceived neighborhood environment, respectively. At the census blockgroup (used by the US Census Bureau as a subunit of census tracts) level, the MCFA yielded five factors for both NEWS and NEWS-A. The aim of this study was to cross-validate the individual- and blockgroup-level measurement models of the NEWS and NEWS-A in a geographical location and population different from those used in the original validation study. Methods: A sample of 912 adults was recruited from 16 selected neighborhoods (116 census blockgroups) in the Baltimore, MD region. Neighborhoods were stratified according to their socio-economic status and transport-related walkability level measured using Geographic Information Systems. Participants self-completed the NEWS. MCFA was used to cross-validate the individual- and blockgroup-level measurement models of the NEWS and NEWS-A. Results: The data provided sufficient support for the factorial validity of the original individual- level measurement models, which consisted of 11 (NEWS) and 10 (NEWS-A) correlated factors. The original blockgroup-level measurement model of the NEWS and NEWS-A showed poor fit to the data and required substantial modifications. These included the combining of aspects of building aesthetics with safety from crime into one factor; the separation of natural aesthetics and building aesthetics into two factors; and for the NEWS-A, the separation of presence of sidewalks/walking routes from other infrastructure for walking. Conclusion: This study provided support for the generalizability of the individual- level measurement models of the NEWS and NEWS-A to different urban geographical locations in the USA. It is recommended that the NEWS and NEWS-A be scored according to their individual- level measurement models, which are relatively stable and correspond to constructs commonly used in the urban planning and transportation fields. However, prior to using these instruments in international and multicultural studies, further validation work across diverse non-English speaking countries and populations is needed. C1 [Cerin, Ester] Baylor Coll Med, ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Saelens, Brian E.] Seattle Univ, Seattle Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Frank, Lawrence D.] Univ British Columbia, Sch Community & Reg Planning, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Sallis, James F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Cerin, E (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ecerin@hku.hk; tconway@mail.sdsu.edu; brian.saelens@seattlechildrens.org; ldfrank@interchange.ubc.ca; sallis@mail.sdsu.edu RI Cerin, Ester/L-1271-2015 OI Cerin, Ester/0000-0002-7599-165X FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL67350] FX This work was supported by grant HL67350 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Kelli Cain and James Chapman made important contributions to the study. This work is also a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and had been funded in part with federal funds from USDA/ARS NR 35 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1479-5868 J9 INT J BEHAV NUTR PHY JI Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. PD JUN 9 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 32 DI 10.1186/1479-5868-6-32 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA 468GK UT WOS:000267804800001 PM 19508724 ER PT J AU Kuhnle, RA Wren, DG AF Kuhnle, R. A. Wren, D. G. TI Size of suspended sediment over dunes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID MULTIFREQUENCY ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER; GRAIN-SIZE; BED SEDIMENT; FLOW; TRANSPORT; VELOCITY; LOAD AB Samples of suspended sediment were collected at four elevations simultaneously over two-dimensional mobile dunes in two mixtures of 0.5 mm sand in a laboratory flume channel. A constant sampling position relative to the dunes was maintained by adjusting the translation rate of the sampling carriage to be the same as the migration rate of the dunes. The rate of change of concentration of the suspended sediment with distance from the bed for individual grain sizes was found to be related to the part of the dune over which the samples were collected. The suspended sediment concentration over the lowest third of the flow depth was nearly constant over the trough of the bed forms, while concentration varied rapidly with depth over the brink point, with intermediate rates of change, similar to measurements over a flat bed, over the rest of the dune. The concentration of coarser grains was reasonably explained by assuming they were in intermittent suspension from the brink point of one dune to that of the next. Differences between the vertical changes in grain size were reduced when the sizes were plotted relative to the mean crest elevation of the dunes rather than the local bed elevation. The Rouse equation was found to yield accurate predictions of median grain sizes above the crest level using a reference sample, while median grain size was found to be nearly constant below the level of the crest. C1 [Kuhnle, R. A.; Wren, D. G.] Agr Res Serv, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kuhnle, RA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM roger.kuhnle@ars.usda.gov; daniel.wren@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUN 9 PY 2009 VL 114 AR F02020 DI 10.1029/2008JF001200 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 458GB UT WOS:000267002400001 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Hashimoto, Y AF Valles, Steven M. Hashimoto, Yoshifumi TI Isolation and characterization of Solenopsis invicta virus 3, a new positive-strand RNA virus infecting the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; RNA virus; Genome sequence; SINV-1; SINV-2; SINV-3 ID KELP FLY VIRUS; GENOME SEQUENCE; HONEY-BEE; DISCOVERY; DNA AB We report the discovery of a new virus from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3) represents the third virus discovered from this ant species using the metagenomics approach. The single (positive)-strand RNA, monopartite, bicistronic genome of SINV-3 was sequenced in entirety (GenBank accession number FJ528584), comprised of 10,386 nucleotides, and polyadenylated at the 3' terminus. This genome size was confirmed by Northern analysis. The genome revealed 2 large open reading frames (ORFs) in the sense orientation with an untranslated region (UTR) at each end and between the two ORFs. The 51 proximal ORF (ORF 1) encoded a predicted protein of 299.1 kDa (2580 amino acids). The 31 proximal ORF (ORF 2) encoded a predicted protein of 73.2 kDa (651 amino acids). RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), helicase, and protease domains were recognized in ORF 1. SDS-PAGE separation of purified SINV-3 particles yielded 2 bands (ostensibly capsid proteins) with a combined molecular mass of 77.3 kDa which was similar to the mass predicted by ORF 2 (73.2 kDa). Phylogenetic analysis of the conserved amino acid sequences containing domains I to VIII of the RdRp from dicistroviruses, iflaviruses, plant small RNA viruses, picornaviruses, and 4 unassigned positive-strand RNA viruses revealed a trichotomous phenogram with SINV-3 and Kelp fly virus comprising a unique cluster. Electron microscopic examination of negatively stained samples of SINV-3 revealed isometric particles with apparent projections and a diameter of 27.3 +/- 1.3 nm. SINV-3 was successfully transmitted to uninfected workers by feeding. The minus (replicative) strand of SINV-3 was detected in worker ants indicating replication of the virus. The possibility of using SINV-3 as a microbial control agent for fire ants is discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Valles, Steven M.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Hashimoto, Yoshifumi] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM Steven.Valles@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 388 IS 2 BP 354 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.03.028 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 453OV UT WOS:000266621400014 PM 19403154 ER PT J AU Wang, XW Rinehart, TA Wadl, PA Spiers, JM Hadziabdic, D Windham, MT Trigiano, RN AF Wang, Xinwang Rinehart, Timothy A. Wadl, Phillip A. Spiers, James M. Hadziabdic, Denita Windham, Mark T. Trigiano, Robert N. TI A new electrophoresis technique to separate microsatellite alleles SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SSR assay; capillary electrophoresis; polyacrylamide gel; Cornus florida ID CAPILLARY ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; DNA ANALYSIS; FLUORESCENCE; FRAGMENTS AB Analysis of large numbers of SSR (simple sequence repeats: microsatellites) reactions can be tedious, time-consuming and expensive. The objective of this study was to report a new electrophoresis method to analyze and visualize SSR data quickly and accurately and compare it to the ability of four other electrophoresis methods. Individual PCR reactions consisting of DNA from several Cornus florida L. (flowering dogwood) cultivars and two SSR primer pairs were assembled for analysis using the following three methods: agarose gel, polyacrylamide gel and QIAxcel System. Two separate PCR reactions consisting of the same components plus a fluorescent-labeled primer were set up for analyses using the CEQ (TM) 8000 Genetic Analysis System and ABI 3130xl DNA Sequencer. These five electrophoretic methods were assessed for advantages and disadvantages. Polyacrylamide gels had highest resolution of alleles, whereas agarose gels had the lowest. However, with both separation media, it was difficult to score the size of alleles. Capillary electrophoresis with the CEQ (TM) 8000 Genetic Analysis System and ABI 3130xl DNA Sequencer easily separated products and determined allelic size, but was more expensive than electrophoresis using either agarose or polyacrlamide gels. The QIAxcel System had lower resolution than CEQ (TM) 8000 Genetic Analysis System and ABI 3130xl DNA Sequencer. However, QIAxcel System was rapid and cost effective compared to the two widely used capillary sequencers, and also provided a computer generated gel image. For researchers in small to intermediate-sized laboratories, the QIAxcel System using a twelve channel, sieving-gel cartridge is an affordable device for SSR assays used for mapping and population diversity analysis. C1 [Wang, Xinwang; Wadl, Phillip A.; Hadziabdic, Denita; Windham, Mark T.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Xinwang] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.; Spiers, James M.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Trigiano, RN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM rtrigian@utk.edu FU USDA [58-64047-213] FX This work was supported by USDA Agreement 58-64047-213. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 8 IS 11 BP 2432 EP 2436 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 481SB UT WOS:000268830900006 ER PT J AU Siyal, AA Skaggs, TH AF Siyal, A. A. Skaggs, T. H. TI Measured and simulated soil wetting patterns under porous clay pipe sub-surface irrigation SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Porous clay pipe; Sub-surface irrigation; Micro-irrigation; Soil wetting; Hydraulic conductivity; HYDRUS ID DRIP IRRIGATION; TRICKLE IRRIGATION; WATER DISTRIBUTION; MICROIRRIGATION; EQUATION AB Sub-surface irrigation with porous clay pipe can be an efficient, water saving method of irrigation for many less developed and and semi-arid regions. Maximizing the efficiency of clay pipe irrigation requires guidelines and criteria for system design and operation. In this study, experimental and simulated (with HYDRUS (2D/3D)) soil wetting patterns were investigated for sub-surface pipe systems operating at different water pressures. Predictions of the soil water content made with HYDRUS were found to be in good agreement (R(2) = 0.98) with the observed data. Additional simulations with HYDRUS were used to study the effects of various design parameters on soil wetting. Increasing the system pressure increased the size of the wetted zone. The installation depth affects the recommended lateral spacing as well as the amount of evaporative water loss. For a given water application, the potential rate of surface evaporation affected the shape of the wetted region only minimally. Soil texture, due to its connection to soil hydraulic conductivity and water retention, has a larger impact on the wetting geometry. In general, greater horizontal spreading occurs in fine texture soils, or in the case of layered soils, in the finer textured layers. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Siyal, A. A.] Sindh Agr Univ, Dept Land & Water Management, Tandojam, Pakistan. [Skaggs, T. H.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Siyal, AA (reprint author), Sindh Agr Univ, Dept Land & Water Management, Tandojam, Pakistan. EM siyal@yahoo.com; Todd.Skaggs@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 96 IS 6 BP 893 EP 904 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.11.013 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 435HZ UT WOS:000265336300001 ER PT J AU Vories, ED Tacker, PL Lancaster, SW Glover, RE AF Vories, E. D. Tacker, P. L. Lancaster, S. W. Glover, R. E. TI Subsurface drip irrigation of corn in the United States Mid-South SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SDI; Maize; Water management; Crop management ID LEPA IRRIGATION; WATER; YIELD AB Although rainfall in the United States Mid-South is sufficient to produce corn (Zea mays L.) without irrigation in most years, timely irrigation has been shown to increase yields. The recent interest in ethanol fuels is expected to lead to increases in US corn production, and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is one possible way to increase application efficiency and thereby reduce water use. The objective of this study was to determine the response of SDI-irrigated corn produced in the US Mid-South. Field studies were conducted at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center at Keiser during the 2002-2004 growing seasons. The soil was mixed, with areas of fine sandy loam, loamy sand, and silty clay. SDI tubing was placed under every row at a depth of approximately 30 cm. Three irrigation levels were compared, with irrigation replacing 100% and 60% of estimated daily water use and no irrigations. The split plot treatment was hybrid, with three hybrids of different relative maturities. Although the 3-year means indicated significantly lower yields for a nonirrigated treatment, no significant differences were observed among the treatments in 2003 or 2004. A large difference was observed in 2002, the year with the least rainfall during the study period, but no difference was detected between the two irrigated treatments in any year. The treatment with the lower water application had the higher irrigation water use efficiency. Although the results of this study suggested that replacing 60% of the estimated daily evapotranspiration with SDI is sufficient for maximum corn yields, additional observations will be needed to determine whether corn production with SDI is feasible in the region and to develop recommendations for farmers choosing to adopt the method. Improved weather forecasting and crop coefficient functions developed specifically for the region should also contribute to more efficient irrigation management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vories, E. D.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Tacker, P. L.] Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Lancaster, S. W.; Glover, R. E.] ARS, NE Res & Extens Ctr, Keiser, AR USA. RP Vories, ED (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, POB 160, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM Earl.Vories@ars.usda.gov FU Arkansas Corn; Grain Sorghum Promotion Board FX Funding for these studies was provided by the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Promotion Board. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 96 IS 6 BP 912 EP 916 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.12.004 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 435HZ UT WOS:000265336300003 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Russelle, MP AF Powell, J. Mark Russelle, Michael P. TI Dairy heifer management impacts manure N collection and cycling through crops in Wisconsin, USA SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Heifers; Manure; Feces; Urine; Manure management; Nitrogen cycling ID RATE CONE PENETROMETER; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; PREDICTION; EXCRETION; CATTLE; URINE; FARMS; N-15 AB Escalating energy and fertilizer N prices have renewed farmer interests in methods that reduce Manure management costs and enhance the fertilizer value of manure. At the same time, air quality legislation seeks to mitigate ammonia loss from animal operations. We compared two dairy heifer management practices on manure N capture and recycling through crops: the conventional practice of barn manure collection and land application,and corralling heifers directly oil cropland. Heifers were kept in a barn for two (B2) or four (B4) days and manure was hauled to fields, or heifers were corralled directly on cropland for two (C2) or four (C4) days. Four Successive manure application seasons, spring-summer (SS), fall-winter (FW), summer (S) and winter (W) were evaluated over 2 years. Each season was followed by 3-year crop rotations: SS and S by wheat (Triticum spp, L.), sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), corn (Zea mays L.), winter rye, and corn: and FW and W by corn, winter rye, corn, winter rye, and corn. Corralling resulted in 50-65% greater N applications than barn manure. In barn N losses (% of excreted manure N, ExN) were greater from B4 (30%) than B2 (20%). Apparent N recovery of applied manure N (ANR) by wheat ranged from 13% to 25% at the lower (B2 and C2) application rates and 8-14% at the higher (B4 and C4) rates. First-year corn following FW had ANR of 13-32% at the lower (B2 and C2) application rates and 9-20% of applied N at the higher (B4 and C4) rates. As a percent of ExN, ANR over the 3 year rotation from C2 was 50%, B2 35%, C4 30% and B4 22%. Overall results demonstrated that corralling dairy heifers on cropland reduces ammonia loss and improves urine N capture and recycling through Crops. published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Powell, J. Mark; Russelle, Michael P.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Powell, J. Mark; Russelle, Michael P.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.powell@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.012 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 438LK UT WOS:000265556700007 ER PT J AU Cabrera, VE Stavast, LJ Baker, TT Wood, MK Cram, DS Flynn, RP Ulery, AL AF Cabrera, V. E. Stavast, L. J. Baker, T. T. Wood, M. K. Cram, D. S. Flynn, R. P. Ulery, A. L. TI Soil and runoff response to dairy manure application on New Mexico rangeland SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Organic amendment; Soil fertility; Dairy nutrient utilization; Environmental stewardship ID DEGRADED SEMIARID ECOSYSTEM; BLUE GRAMA RANGELAND; BIOSOLIDS APPLICATION; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SURFACE WATERS; PHOSPHORUS; INFILTRATION; QUALITY; FERTILIZERS AB Manure disposal is a major challenge for the fast-growing dairy industry in New Mexico. There are Currently over 355,000 milking cows in the state and limited cropland on which to use the manure generated by these cows. On the other hand, 80% of the state lands classified as rangelands are suffering from a lack of organic matter and nutrients. Application of dairy Manure to rangelands Could serve a dual purpose: (1) manure disposal from dairies and (2) soil amendment to improve soil characteristics and promote herbaceous production. Manure was applied at two rates according to phosphorus (P) content: (1) a recommended (light) rate (54 kg P ha(-1)) to enhance blue grama growth and (2) a gross over-application (heavy) rate (493 kg P ha-1) to determine the effects on runoff and soil properties. Light applications enhanced soil properties including decreased sediment runoff, increased soil organic matter, increased extractable P, and increased soil moisture, whereas heavy applications increased soil salinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and runoff water. Dairy manure can be safely applied at light rates to conserve and enhance rangeland soil properties and their herbaceous productivity. Manure disposal at heavy rates are unsafe. Further Study is required to find out if other safe disposal exists between the light and heavy treatments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cabrera, V. E.; Baker, T. T.; Cram, D. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stavast, L. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. [Wood, M. K.] New Mexico Water Resources Res Inst, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Flynn, R. P.] New Mexico State Univ, Extens Plant Sci Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Ulery, A. L.] New Mexico State Univ, Plant & Environm Sci Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Cabrera, VE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, 1675 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM vcabrera@wisc.edu FU New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA FX Financial support was provided by the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and a USDA CSREES Special Grant for Range-land Ecosystem Research. Authors wish to thank Dr. R. Steiner for assistance with statistical analyses and the U.S. Forest Service for the use of the study plots. NR 61 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.022 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 438LK UT WOS:000265556700017 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Barbarick, KA Brobst, RB AF Ippolito, J. A. Barbarick, K. A. Brobst, R. B. TI Fate of biosolids Cu and Zn in a semi-arid grassland SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE 4 M HNO(3) extraction; Biosolids-borne metals; Mobility; Semi-arid grassland; Sequential extraction ID SLUDGE-TREATED SOILS; CLAY LOAM SOIL; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; BIOAVAILABILITY; SPECIATION; CHEMISTRY AB Biosolids land application applies varying trace metal amounts to Soils. Measuring total soil metals is typically performed to ensure environmental protection, Yet this technique does not quantify Which Soil phases play important metal release or attenuation roles. We assessed the distribution of biosolids-borne Cu and Zn associated with soluble/exchangeable, specifically adsorbed/carbonate-bound,,amorphous and crystalline Mn/Fe oxyhydroxide-bound, residual organic, and residual inorganic phases. Biosolids Were surface-applied (no incorporation) to experimental plots, at the Meadow Springs Ranch (40 53'46 '' N, 104 52'28 '' W) which is owned by the city of Fort Collins, CO, USA, in 1991 at rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 2 1, and 30 Mg ha(-1). Plots were split in half in 2002, with one-half receiving biosolids at rates identical to 1991 rates. In 2003, 0-8, 8-15, and 15-30-cm soil depths were collected and subjected to 4 M HNO(3) digestion and Sequential fractionation. The 4 M HNO(3) extraction Suggested downward Cu transport, while Zn was immobilized ill the Soil Surface. The sequential extraction procedure, more sensitive to changes in soil metal Pools, Suggested that repeated biosolids application did not affect vertical Zn movement, but did increase the downward transport potential of organically complexed Cu. In the given time, organically complexed Cu was likely mineralized and subsequently associated with soil mineral oxide phases. Because bioavailability of Cu is associated with dissolved phases, and soluble/exchangeable Cu concentrations were below detection limits in the Subsoil, a reduction in environmental quality should be minimal. Still, we advocate that On coarse-textured semi-arid soils, biosolids application rates Should match the plant N needs to avoid potential downward trace metal transport. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barbarick, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brobst, R. B.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740 FU USEPA [CP988928-01] FX The USDA-ARS and Colorado State University gratefully acknowledges USEPA Region 8 (Grant #CP988928-01) for its financial, technical, and administrative assistance in funding and managing the project through which this information was discovered. We additionally thank the City of Fort Collins, Colorado for their continued support of this project. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.013 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 438LK UT WOS:000265556700025 ER PT J AU Ares, A Burner, DM Brauer, DK AF Ares, Adrian Burner, David M. Brauer, David K. TI Soil phosphorus and water effects on growth, nutrient and carbohydrate concentrations, delta C-13, and nodulation of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durz.) on a highly weathered soil SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Mimosa; Irrigation; P nutrition; Stable carbon isotopes ID PINUS-PINASTER; NITROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SEEDLINGS; USA; DISCRIMINATION; NUTRITION; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Growth and physiological performance of multipurpose tree species can be severely constrained by low phosphorus (P) availability in highly weathered soils. Limitations to plant growth are accentuated by seasonal dry periods. The overall objective of this study was to examine P fertilization and irrigation effects on survival, growth, biomass partitioning, foliar nutrients, intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE) indexed by delta C-13, Rhizobium nodulation, and carbohydrate content as an indicator of resprouting potential, of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durz.), a N-2-fixing tree species being tested for browse in agroforestry practices in south-central USA. In a field experiment carried out during two growing seasons near Booneville, Arkansas, USA, mimosa had a strong growth response to irrigation. The trial was arranged in a split plot design with three replications with irrigation as main plot treatment and P as sub-plot treatment. Mean total plant aboveground biomass at the end of the second growing season was 9.8 and 44.1 g plant(-1) for the rainfed treatment without and with 300 mm of irrigation water, respectively. Placed P fertilization increased mean total aboveground biomass from 19 g plant(-1) for the 0-P treatment to 69 g plant(-1) for the treatment with 90 kg P ha(-1) year(-1). Similarly, irrigation consistently increased stem basal diameter, total height, survival, root, stem, foliar and total aboveground biomass, and number of nodules per plant. Phosphorus fertilization increased basal diameter, and root and stem biomass in both irrigation treatments, survival and nodulation in the rainfed treatment, and foliar and total aboveground biomass in the rainfed +300 mm irrigation treatment. There was a decrease of foliar delta C-13 suggesting that WUE decreased with P fertilization. In a pot experiment, seedlings were subjected to a factorial combination of two irrigation treatments and six P levels in a randomized complete block design. Irrigation increased basal diameter, root, stem, foliar and total biomass, leaf area and nodulation, whereas P fertilization (i.e., levels from 0 to 3.68 g P kg(-1) soil) had similar effect in all the above variables except foliar biomass. Foliar P concentration to obtain 90% of the maximum total plant biomass (critical level) was estimated at 0.157%. Total nonstructural and water soluble carbohydrate, and starch concentrations increased non-linearly with irrigation and P addition suggesting impaired re-growth potential after defoliation of seedlings with reduced water supply and at low soil P availability. Results of this study indicated strong limitations for growth and regrowth potential of mimosa on a highly weathered soil with very low P availability and seasonal water content shortages. Placed (i.e., near the plant base) application of P appeared to be a good strategy to fertilize perennial woody plants. C1 [Ares, Adrian] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burner, David M.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR USA. [Brauer, David K.] ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX USA. RP Ares, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM adrian@hawaii.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 76 IS 2 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1007/s10457-009-9213-2 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 449NH UT WOS:000266336800006 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Sammataro, D Alarcon, R AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Sammataro, Diana Alarcon, Ruben TI THE IMPORTANCE Of MICROBES IN NUTRITION AND HEALTH OF HONEY BEE COLONIES PART I OF THREE PARTS SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIOLOGY; POLLEN; BREAD C1 [DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria; Sammataro, Diana; Alarcon, Ruben] ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 149 IS 6 BP 583 EP 584 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 448UL UT WOS:000266287400021 ER PT J AU Dilcher, DL Kowalski, EA Wiemann, MC Hinojosa, LF Lott, TA AF Dilcher, David L. Kowalski, Elizabeth A. Wiemann, Michael C. Felipe Hinojosa, Luis Lott, Terry A. TI A CLIMATIC AND TAXONOMIC COMPARISON BETWEEN LEAF LITTER AND STANDING VEGETATION FROM A FLORIDA SWAMP WOODLAND SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE CLAMP; climate; leaf litter; dicotyledons; Florida; warm temperate woodland ID FOSSIL RECORD; TAPHONOMIC CONSTRAINTS; MARGIN ANALYSIS; LEAVES; PALEOBOTANY; ASSEMBLAGES; CHARACTERS; EOCENE; FLORAS; FOREST AB One method to determine past climate has been the use of leaf morphological characteristics of fossil leaves quantified using modern climate and canopy leaf characteristics. Fossil assemblages are composed of abscised leaves, and climate may be more accurately determined by using leaves from leaf litter instead of the canopy. To better understand whether taphonomic processes make a difference in this relationship, a north-central Florida woodland was sampled to determine the morphologically based climate estimates from these leaves. Leaves from woody, dicotyledonous plants were collected and identified, then compared using presence/absence data and analyzed using several linear regression equations and the CLAMP data set. Although the majority of standing vegetation was reflected in leaf litter, some inconsistencies were observed, which may reflect plant community structure or sampling technique. Mean annual temperature (MAT) and growing season precipitation (GSP) were estimated from leaf litter morphological characters and living leaves. Overall, values for MAT estimated from litter and living leaves were cooler than actual MATs, although several accurate and high estimates were obtained depending on the predictive method used. Estimated GSP values were higher than actual GSPs. Statistically, no difference was observed between MAT and GSP estimates derived from leaf litter vs. estimates derived from living leaves, with one exception. C1 [Dilcher, David L.; Kowalski, Elizabeth A.; Lott, Terry A.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wiemann, Michael C.] USDA, Forest Serv Prod Lab, Ctr Wood Anat Res, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Felipe Hinojosa, Luis] Univ Chile, Lab Sistemat & Ecol Vegetal, Santiago, Chile. [Felipe Hinojosa, Luis] Inst Milenio Ecol & Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile. RP Dilcher, DL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dilcher@flmnh.ufl.edu RI Hinojosa, Luis Felipe/A-7599-2008 OI Hinojosa, Luis Felipe/0000-0001-5646-649X FU National Science Foundation [INT 9724122, EAR 9615755]; FONDECYT [1060041] FX The authors thank T. Devanzo, L. Uriarte, D. Jimenez, and R. Dupont for sorting and measuring the specimens from the leaf litter; M. Shardell for assistance in the statistical analysis, and R. Burnham, B. Jacobs, B. Tiffney, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (INT 9724122 and EAR 9615755). L. F. Hinojosa was partially financed by FONDECYT 1060041, This report is number 528 in the series University of Florida Contributions to Paleontology. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1108 EP 1115 DI 10.3732/ajb.0800361 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 454LZ UT WOS:000266684800006 PM 21628261 ER PT J AU Zalapa, JE Brunet, J Guries, RP AF Zalapa, Juan E. Brunet, Johanne Guries, Raymond P. TI PATTERNS OF HYBRIDIZATION AND INTROGRESSION BETWEEN INVASIVE ULMUS PUMILA (ULMACEAE) AND NATIVE U. RUBRA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Dutch elm disease; hybrid zones; invasive species; microsatellites; red elm; Siberian elm; species-specific markers ID DUTCH ELM DISEASE; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; EVOLUTION; AMERICA; PLANTS; CHINA; USA AB Natural hybridization between introduced species and their native congeners occurs frequently and can create serious conservation concerns. Ulmus pumila (Siberian elm) is in introduced Asian elm species that has naturalized in the United States and is now considered invasive in 41 states. Red elm (U. rubra), a native to the eastern United States, often occurs in sympatry with Siberian elm, and the two species are thought to hybridize. Here, we genetically characterized reference populations of the two elm species to identify species-specific microsatellite alleles. These markers were used to classify individuals in putative hybrid zones as parental species or hybrids. assess the extent of hybridization, and track patterns of introgression. We identified nine U. rubra, 32 U. pumila, and 51 hybrid individuals in our hybrid zones. Of the 51 hybrids, 35 were classified as first-generation hybrids and 16 as backcrosses. The majority of the backcrosses (88%) were introgressed toward U. pumila. Our classification of genotypes was consistent whether we used manual classification, principal coordinate analyses or Bayesian clustering. We observed greater genetic diversity and new combination of alleles in the hybrids. Our study indicates widespread hybridization between U. pumila and U. rubra and an asymmetric pattern of introgression toward U. pumila. C1 [Zalapa, Juan E.; Brunet, Johanne] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zalapa, Juan E.; Guries, Raymond P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zalapa, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jezalapa@wic.edu FU National Science Foundation [40409651]; USDA-ARS FX The authors thank D. Stevens for help identifying. and collecting elms, D. Spooner and Z. Larson-Rabin for comments on the manuscript, and D. Fajardo, M. Ames, and F. Rodriguez for helpful discussion. The authors, thank the National Science Foundation Minority Post-doctoral Fellowship to J.E.Z. (NSF award 40409651) and funding from the USDA-ARS to J.B. I NR 44 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 33 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1116 EP 1128 DI 10.3732/ajb.0800334 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 454LZ UT WOS:000266684800007 PM 21628262 ER PT J AU Spooner, DM AF Spooner, David M. TI DNA BARCODING WILL FREQUENTLY FAIL IN COMPLICATED GROUPS: AN EXAMPLE IN WILD POTATOES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE DNA barcoding; ITS; matK; molecular phylogeny; potato; Solanum sect. Petota; trnH-psbA intergenic spacer ID SOLANUM SECT PETOTA; BREVICAULE COMPLEX SOLANACEAE; RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; PARASITOID FLIES DIPTERA; SPECIES BOUNDARIES; CHLOROPLAST DNA; MOLECULAR-DATA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SERIES MEGISTACROLOBA; COLLECTING EXPEDITION AB DNA bat-coding ("barcoding") has been proposed as a rapid and practical molecular method to identify species via diagnostic variation in short orthologous DNA sequences from one or a few universal genomic regions. It seeks to address ill a rapid and simple way the "taxonomic impediment" of a greater need for taxonomic identifications than call be supplied by taxonomists. Using a complicated plant group, Solanum sect. Petota (wild potatoes). I tested barcoding with the most variable and frequently Suggested plant barcoding re.-ions: the internal nontranscribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) and the plastid markers trnH-psbA intergenic spacer and matK. These DNA regions fail to provide species-specific markers in sect. Petota because the ITS has too much intraspecific variation and the plastid markers lack sufficient polymorphism. The complications seen in wild potatoes are common in many plant groups, but they have not been assessed with barcoding. Barcoding is a retroactive procedure that relies oil well-defined species to function, is based solely oil a limited number of DNA sequences that are often inappropriate at the species level, has been poorly tested with geographically well-dispersed replicate samples front difficult taxonomic groups. and discounts substantial practical and theoretical problems in defining species. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU USDA; NSF [DEB 0316614] FX The author thanks H. Ballard, F Rodriguez, H. Ruess, and S. Stephenson for technical assistance; G. Anderson and L. Bolts for DNA samples; the staff of the US Potato Genebank and the C. M. Rick Tomato Genetic Resources Center for seed samples, and M. Ames, P. Bretting, K. Cameron, J, Doyle, K. Holmquist, A. Miller, J. C. Pires, N. I. Platnick, P. Raven, L. Rieseberg, and J. Wendel for discussion or review. This research was supported by USDA and NSF DEB 0316614 entitled "PBI Solanum: A worldwide treatment". NR 126 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 6 U2 39 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1177 EP 1189 DI 10.3732/ajb.0800246 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 454LZ UT WOS:000266684800013 PM 21628268 ER PT J AU Tang, GW Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM Grusak, MA AF Tang, Guangwen Qin, Jian Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Russell, Robert M. Grusak, Michael A. TI Golden Rice is an effective source of vitamin A SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CAROTENE; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; LEAFY VEGETABLES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; DARK-GREEN; RETINOL; HUMANS; CHILDREN; SCHOOLCHILDREN AB Background: Genetically engineered "Golden Rice'' contains up to 35 mu g beta-carotene per gram of rice. It is important to determine the vitamin A equivalency of Golden Rice beta-carotene to project the potential effect of this biofortified grain in rice-consuming populations that commonly exhibit low vitamin A status. Objective: The objective was to determine the vitamin A value of intrinsically labeled dietary Golden Rice in humans. Design: Golden Rice plants were grown hydroponically with heavy water (deuterium oxide) to generate deuterium-labeled [(2)H]beta-carotene in the rice grains. Golden Rice servings of 65-98 g (130 200 g cooked rice) containing 0.99-1.53 mg beta-carotene were fed to 5 healthy adult volunteers (3 women and 2 men) with 10 g butter. A reference dose of [(13)C(10)] retinyl acetate (0.4-1.0 mg) in oil was given to each volunteer 1 wk before ingestion of the Golden Rice dose. Blood samples were collected over 36 d. Results: Our results showed that the mean (+/- SD) area under the curve for the total serum response to [(2)H] retinol was 39.9 +/- 20.7 mu g . d after the Golden Rice dose. Compared with that of the [(13)C(10)] retinyl acetate reference dose (84.7 +/- 34.6 mu g . d), Golden Rice beta-carotene provided 0.24-0.94 mg retinol. Thus, the conversion factor of Golden Rice beta-carotene to retinol is 3.8 +/- 1.7 to 1 with a range of 1.9-6.4 to 1 by weight, or 2.0 +/- 0.9 to 1 with a range of 1.0-3.4 to 1 by moles. Conclusion: beta-Carotene derived from Golden Rice is effectively converted to vitamin A in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00680355. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1776-83. C1 [Tang, Guangwen; Qin, Jian; Dolnikowski, Gregory G.; Russell, Robert M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM guangwen.tang@tufts.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK620021] NR 29 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 41 U2 177 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1776 EP 1783 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27119 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 448EI UT WOS:000266245500011 PM 19369372 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Zito, CA Johnson, LK AF Hunt, Janet R. Zito, Carol Ann Johnson, LuAnn K. TI Body iron excretion by healthy men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MENSTRUAL BLOOD LOSS; NONHEME-IRON; INITIAL UPTAKE; HEME-IRON; RED CELL; ABSORPTION; ADAPTATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; HEMATOCRIT; CALCIUM AB Background: Iron excretion measured by isotope dilution has been a primary basis for the factorial derivation of recommendations for iron intake, but the results have been available for men only. Objective: The objective of this study was to confirm iron excretion measurements in healthy men and extend them to women. Design: The turnover rate of (55)Fe that had been administered >= 1 y earlier was determined from blood sampled semiannually for up to 3 y from 53 subjects in the community. Body iron was determined from hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and transferrin receptor. Complete menstrual collections were obtained from 13 women. Results: The total median (range) iron excretion was 1.18 (0.11-2.07) mg/d for 29 men, 1.58 (0.65-4.88) mg/d for 19 menstruating women, and 0.99 (0.86-1.57) for 5 postmenopausal women. When hormonal contraceptive users were omitted, the median for 15 menstruating women increased to 1.66 mg/d. The distribution of iron excretion was normal for the men and postmenopausal women and was highly skewed for the menstruating women; menstrual iron accounted for 90% of the variation. Iron excretion was not strongly related to body weight. Body iron in menstruating women decreased somewhat (by 4.6%) in the men and tended to increase (by 1.5%) during the study. Conclusions: The results extend direct iron excretion measurements in men to include similar measurements in women. The results emphasize the wide range of iron excretion in humans, which results in a 40-fold range of requirements for absorbed iron. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00755105. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1792-8. C1 [Hunt, Janet R.; Zito, Carol Ann; Johnson, LuAnn K.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Johnson, LuAnn K.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N,Stop 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM janetrhunt@gmail.com FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1792 EP 1798 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27439 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 448EI UT WOS:000266245500013 PM 19386738 ER PT J AU Shea, MK O'Donnell, CJ Hoffmann, U Dallal, GE Dawson-Hughes, B Ordovas, JM Price, PA Williamson, MK Booth, SL AF Shea, M. Kyla O'Donnell, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Udo Dallal, Gerard E. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Ordovas, Jose M. Price, Paul A. Williamson, Matthew K. Booth, Sarah L. TI Vitamin K supplementation and progression of coronary artery calcium in older men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MATRIX GLA PROTEIN; GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; ASYMPTOMATIC SUBJECTS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS MESA; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; RISK-FACTORS; WARFARIN; ATORVASTATIN AB Background: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. A preventive role for vitamin K in CAC progression has been proposed on the basis of the properties of matrix Gla protein (MGP) as a vitamin K-dependent calcification inhibitor. Objective: The objective was to determine the effect of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) supplementation on CAC progression in older men and women. Design: CAC was measured at baseline and after 3 y of follow-up in 388 healthy men and postmenopausal women; 200 received a multivitamin with 500 mu g phylloquinone/d (treatment), and 188 received a multivitamin alone (control). Results: In an intention-to-treat analysis, there was no difference in CAC progression between the phylloquinone group and the control group; the mean (+/- SEM) changes in Agatston scores were 27 +/- 6 and 37 +/- 7, respectively. In a subgroup analysis of participants who were >= 85% adherent to supplementation (n = 367), there was less CAC progression in the phylloquinone group than in the control group (P = 0.03). Of those with preexisting CAC (Agatston score > 10), those who received phylloquinone supplements had 6% less progression than did those who received the multivitamin alone (P = 0.04). Phylloquinone-associated decreases in CAC progression were independent of changes in serum MGP. MGP carboxylation status was not determined. Conclusions: Phylloquinone supplementation slows the progression of CAC in healthy older adults with preexisting CAC, independent of its effect on total MGP concentrations. Because our data are hypothesis-generating, further studies are warranted to clarify this mechanism. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00183001. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1799-807. C1 [Shea, M. Kyla; Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Ordovas, Jose M.; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Bethesda, MD USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hoffmann, Udo] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, CIMIT, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Price, Paul A.; Williamson, Matthew K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; National Institutes of Health [AG14759, HL69272, T32HL69772]; American Heart Association [0515605T] FX Supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-1950-7-707; National Institutes of Health (AG14759, HL69272, and T32HL69772); and the American Heart Association (0515605T). NR 37 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1799 EP 1807 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27338 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 448EI UT WOS:000266245500014 PM 19386744 ER PT J AU Combs, GF Midthune, DN Patterson, KY Canfield, WK Hill, AD Levander, OA Taylor, PR Moler, JE Patterson, BH AF Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Midthune, Douglas N. Patterson, Kristine Y. Canfield, Wesley K. Hill, A. David Levander, Orville A. Taylor, Philip R. Moler, James E. Patterson, Blossom H. TI Effects of selenomethionine supplementation on selenium status and thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AUTOIMMUNE-THYROIDITIS; IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASE; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; METABOLISM; IODINE; DEFICIENT; POPULATION; CHILDREN; BLOOD AB Background: Selenium, a potential cancer prevention agent currently being tested against prostate cancer in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), plays an integral role in thyroid metabolism. The effects of long-term selenium supplementation on thyroid hormone concentrations are unknown. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of long-term selenium supplementation on thyroid hormone concentrations. Design: Twenty-eight healthy adults took 200 mu g selenomethionine/d for 28 mo. The thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)), and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured in plasma for 4 mo before supplementation and quarterly during supplementation. The assay methods were changed midstudy; the results of the 2 methods were not comparable. Therefore, one analysis was conducted based on the results of the first method, and a second analysis was based on all of the data, adjusted for the change. Serial data collection permitted a test for trends rather than simply a difference between initial and final values. Results: By 9 mo, mean (+/- SEM) plasma selenium concentrations had increased from 1.78 +/- 0.07 mu mol/L at baseline to 2.85 +/- 0.11 mu mol/L for men and from 1.64 +/- 0.04 to 3.32 +/- 0.1.2 mu mol/L for women. T(3) concentrations in men increased 5% per year (P = 0.01). T(4) and TSH concentrations were unchanged. Conclusions: Selenium supplementation produced no clinically significant changes in thyroid hormone concentrations. A small but statistically significant increase in T(3) concentrations was noted in men, with no corresponding decreases in TSH. A subset of SELECT subjects might be monitored periodically for changes during long-term selenium supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1808-14. C1 [Combs, Gerald F., Jr.; Canfield, Wesley K.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Midthune, Douglas N.; Taylor, Philip R.; Patterson, Blossom H.] NCI, Canc Prevent Div, Rockville, MD USA. [Patterson, Kristine Y.; Hill, A. David; Levander, Orville A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Moler, James E.] Informat Management Serv Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Combs, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM gerald.combs@ars.usda.gov OI Moler, James/0000-0001-8738-6898 FU NIH, the National Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics FX Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, the National Cancer Institute, and the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics through an interagency agreement with the Agricultural Research Service and a specific cooperative agreement with Cornell University. NR 43 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1808 EP 1814 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27356 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 448EI UT WOS:000266245500015 PM 19403637 ER PT J AU Mohammad, MA Sunehag, AL Haymond, MW AF Mohammad, Mahmoud A. Sunehag, Agneta L. Haymond, Morey W. TI Effect of dietary macronutrient composition under moderate hypocaloric intake on maternal adaptation during lactation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LOW-CARBOHYDRATE-DIET; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; LOW-FAT; SUBSTRATE OXIDATION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; BODY-COMPOSITION; MILK-PRODUCTION; WEIGHT-LOSS; WOMEN; HEALTHY AB Background: No evidence-based recommendations exist concerning what dietary macronutrient composition optimizes weight loss during lactation while maintaining milk production. Objectives: The study was designed to test the following hypotheses: compared with a reduced-calorie, high-carbohydrate (H-CHO) diet, an isonitrogenous, isocaloric high-fat (H-F) diet will decrease milk production and carbohydrate oxidation, increase gluconeogenesis and hexoneogenesis, and not affect energy balance. Design: Seven healthy lactating mothers and their infants were studied on 2 occasions in random order for 8 d separated by 1-2 wk. On one occasion, the subjects received the H-F (30% of energy as carbohydrate and 55% as fat) diet and on the other occasion received the H-CHO (60% of energy as carbohydrate and 25% as fat) diet. Milk production, infant intakes, and substrate and hormone concentrations were measured. Glucose rates of appearance, production, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and hexoneogenesis were measured by using stable-isotope gas chromatography-mass spectrometric techniques, and energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured by using indirect calorimetry. Results: Milk volume, lactose, and protein concentrations were unaffected. Milk fat, energy, and infant intakes were higher (P < 0.05) during the H-F diet. Neither gluconeogenesis nor hexoneogenesis was different. During the H-F diet, energy expenditure and fat and protein oxidation rates were higher (P < 0.05), and the daily energy balance deficit was greater (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Milk fat, energy output, and energy expenditure were higher during the H-F diet, which resulted in a greater negative energy balance. The lactating mothers adapted to a low carbohydrate intake by decreasing carbohydrate oxidation. Additional studies are warranted to determine whether a hypocaloric H-F diet might promote weight loss to a greater extent than the H-CHO diet while maintaining milk production. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1821-7. C1 [Mohammad, Mahmoud A.; Sunehag, Agneta L.; Haymond, Morey W.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Haymond, MW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mhaymond@bcm.tmc.edu RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015; OI Mohammad, Mahmoud/0000-0002-6535-5529 FU NIH [RO1DK 55478, HD 37857]; Baylor General Clinical Research Center [MO1-RR-00188-34] FX Supported by NIH grants RO1DK 55478 and HD 37857 and Baylor General Clinical Research Center grant MO1-RR-00188-34. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1821 EP 1827 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26877 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 448EI UT WOS:000266245500017 PM 19386740 ER PT J AU Chanson, A Parnell, LD Ciappio, ED Liu, ZH Crott, JW Tucker, KL Mason, JB AF Chanson, Aurelie Parnell, Laurence D. Ciappio, Eric D. Liu, Zhenhua Crott, Jimmy W. Tucker, Katherine L. Mason, Joel B. TI Polymorphisms in uracil-processing genes, but not one-carbon nutrients, are associated with altered DNA uracil concentrations in an urban Puerto Rican population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; PLASMA VITAMIN-B-12 CONCENTRATIONS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXCISION-REPAIR PATHWAY; FOLIC-ACID DEFICIENCY; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK; DIETARY-FOLATE; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; C677T POLYMORPHISM AB Background: Five genes-UNG, SMUG1, MBD4, TDG, and DUT-are involved in the repair or prevention of uracil misincorporation into DNA, an anomaly that can cause mutagenic events that lead to cancer. Little is known about the determinants of uracil misincorporation, including the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the abovementioned genes. Because of their metabolic function, folate and other one-carbon micronutrients may be important factors in the control of uracil misincorporation. Objectives: We sought to identify polymorphisms in uracil-processing genes that are determinants of DNA uracil concentration and to establish whether one-carbon nutrient status can further modify their effects. Design: We examined the relations between 23 selected variants in the 5 uracil-processing genes, uracil concentrations in whole-blood DNA, and one-carbon nutrient (folate, vitamins B-6 and B-12, and riboflavin) status in 431 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Results: Four SNPs in DUT, UNG, and SMUG1 showed a significant association with DNA uracil concentration. The SNPs in SMUG1 (rs2029166 and rs7296239) and UNG (rs34259) were associated with increased uracil concentrations in the variant genotypes (P = 0.011, 0.022, and 0.045, respectively), whereas the DUT SNP (rs4775748) was associated with a decrease (P = 0.023). In this population, one-carbon nutrient status was not associated with DNA uracil concentration, and it did not modify the effect of these 4 identified SNPs. Conclusion: Because elevated uracil misincorporation may induce mutagenic lesions, possibly leading to cancer, we propose that the 4 characterized SNPs in DUT, UNG, and SMUG1 may influence cancer risk and therefore deserve further investigation. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1927-36. C1 [Chanson, Aurelie; Parnell, Laurence D.; Liu, Zhenhua; Crott, Jimmy W.; Tucker, Katherine L.; Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ciappio, Eric D.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM joel.mason@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-195-07-707]; NRI; CSREES; USDA [2009-35200-05016]; NIH [P01 AG023394, K05 CA100048] FX This material is based on work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement no. 58-195-07-707; by grants from the NRI, CSREES, USDA under award no. 2009-35200-05016 (to AC); and by grants NIH P01 AG023394 (to KLT) and K05 CA100048 (to JBM). NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1927 EP 1936 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27429 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 448EI UT WOS:000266245500030 PM 19403629 ER PT J AU Imamura, F Lichtenstein, AH Dallal, GE Jacques, PF AF Imamura, F. Lichtenstein, A. H. Dallal, G. E. Jacques, P. F. TI GENERALIZABILITY OF DIETARY PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH INCIDENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES - CONCORDANCE OF EXPLORATORY AND CONFIRMATORY ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Imamura, F.; Lichtenstein, A. H.; Dallal, G. E.; Jacques, P. F.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S122 EP S122 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300485 ER PT J AU Bauchart-Thevret, C Stoll, B Chacko, S Burrin, DG AF Bauchart-Thevret, Caroline Stoll, Barbara Chacko, Shaji Burrin, Douglas G. TI Sulfur amino acid deficiency upregulates intestinal methionine cycle activity and suppresses epithelial growth in neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE transmethylation; transsulfuration; remethylation; homocysteine ID S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; REDOX STATE; CELL-PROLIFERATION; SYNTHESIS RATES; CACO-2 CELLS; METABOLISM; GLUTATHIONE; HOMOCYSTEINE; PATHWAYS; NUTRIENT AB Bauchart-Thevret C, Stoll B, Chacko S, Burrin DG. Sulfur amino acid deficiency upregulates intestinal methionine cycle activity and suppresses epithelial growth in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 296: E1239-E1250, 2009. First published March 17, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.91021.2008.-We recently showed that the developing gut is a significant site of methionine transmethylation to homocysteine and transsulfuration to cysteine. We hypothesized that sulfur amino acid (SAA) deficiency would preferentially reduce mucosal growth and antioxidant function in neonatal pigs. Neonatal pigs were enterally fed a control or an SAA-free diet for 7 days, and then whole body methionine and cysteine kinetics were measured using an intravenous infusion of [1-(13)C; methyl-(2)H(3)] methionine and [(15)N] cysteine. Body weight gain and plasma methionine, cysteine, homocysteine, and taurine and total erythrocyte glutathione concentrations were markedly decreased (-46% to -85%) in SAA-free compared with control pigs. Whole body methionine and cysteine fluxes were reduced, yet methionine utilization for protein synthesis and methionine remethylation were relatively preserved at the expense of methionine transsulfuration, in response to SAA deficiency. Intestinal tissue concentrations of methionine and cysteine were markedly reduced and hepatic levels were maintained in SAA-free compared with control pigs. SAA deficiency increased the activity of methionine metabolic enzymes, i.e., methionine adenosyltransferase, methionine synthase, and cystathionine beta-synthase, and S-adenosylmethionine concentration in the jejunum, whereas methionine synthase activity increased and S-adenosylmethionine level decreased in the liver. Small intestine weight and protein and DNA mass were lower, whereas liver weight and DNA mass were unchanged, in SAA-free compared with control pigs. Dietary SAA deficiency induced small intestinal villus atrophy, lower goblet cell numbers, and Ki-67-positive proliferative crypt cells in association with lower tissue glutathione, especially in the jejunum. We conclude that SAA deficiency upregulates intestinal methionine cycle activity and suppresses epithelial growth in neonatal pigs. C1 [Burrin, Douglas G.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu FU US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research [58-6250-6-001]; Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [P30 DK-56338]; Association pour le Developpement de la Recherche en Nutrition/Societe Francophone Nutrition Clinique et Metabolisme; Nutricia Research Foundation, and Societe Francaise de Nutrition FX This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital. This work was supported by federal funds from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-6-001 and by the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grant P30 DK-56338. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. C. Bauchart-Thevret was supported by grants from Association pour le Developpement de la Recherche en Nutrition/Societe Francophone Nutrition Clinique et Metabolisme, Nutricia Research Foundation, and Societe Francaise de Nutrition. NR 45 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 296 IS 6 BP E1239 EP E1250 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.91021.2008 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 449PM UT WOS:000266342500006 PM 19293331 ER PT J AU Haynes, KG Christ, BJ Burkhart, CR Vinyard, BT AF Haynes, Kathleen G. Christ, Barbara J. Burkhart, Christopher R. Vinyard, Bryan T. TI Heritability of Resistance to Common Scab in Diploid Potatoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Streptomyces spp.; Solanum phureja; Solanum stenotomum; Broad-sense heritability; Narrow-sense heritability; Genotype x environment interactions; Solanum tuberosum ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L; PLANT PATHOGENICITY; 4X-2X CROSSES; STREPTOMYCES; SELECTION AB Common scab, caused by several species of Streptomyces, is a serious soil-borne disease of potatoes that may cause superficial, raised or pitted lesions on potato tubers. Little is known about the genetic basis of resistance to this disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if genetic resistance to common scab exists in a diploid Solanum phureja-S. stenotomum (phu-stn) population and to estimate broad-sense (H) and narrow-sense (h(2)) heritability for resistance to common scab. Two hundred seventy-one clones from a randomly mated phu-stn population were grown from 2003-2005 in naturally Streptomyces infested soil on a grower's field in Northampton Co., PA, in a randomized complete block design replicated twice. After harvest, the proportion of tubers with scab lesions was determined. The variable analyzed by the general linear models procedure in SAS using the maximum likelihood estimation method was the arcsine ( as proportion of scabby tubers). There were significant differences among clones and the year x clone interaction was significant. H for resistance was estimated as 0.18 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.15 to 0.35. The clonal source of variation was partitioned into among families and within families. All the variation occurred within families. There was no additive genetic variance for resistance in this population, hence, h(2) was estimated as 0.00. Although levels of resistance to common scab cannot be improved by breeding in this diploid population, it may be feasible to transfer the high levels of resistance in this population to the tetraploid level via 4x-2x crosses. C1 [Haynes, Kathleen G.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Christ, Barbara J.; Burkhart, Christopher R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kathleen.haynes@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9068-0 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445SH UT WOS:000266071300001 ER PT J AU Stark, JC Novy, RG Whitworth, JL Love, SL Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Vales, MI James, SR Hane, DC Charlton, BA Brown, CR Knowles, NR Pavek, MJ Brandt, TL Olsen, N AF Stark, J. C. Novy, R. G. Whitworth, J. L. Love, S. L. Corsini, D. L. Pavek, J. J. Vales, M. I. James, S. R. Hane, D. C. Charlton, B. A. Brown, C. R. Knowles, N. R. Pavek, M. J. Brandt, T. L. Olsen, N. TI Highland Russet: A Full Season, Processing Variety with High Yields of Uniform US No. 1 Tubers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; Variety; Breeding; French fry ID POTATO GERMPLASM; FRESH-MARKET; LONG RUSSET; RESISTANCE; QUALITY; DISEASE AB Highland Russet is a late-season potato variety with light russet skin notable for its high yield of uniform U.S. No. 1 tubers, and good processing and culinary qualities. It resulted from a 1990 cross between Ranger Russet and Russet Legend and has been evaluated for over 15 years in public and industry trials throughout the western U.S. Highland Russet was released in 2006 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon and Washington and is a product of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program. It is suitable for processing into French fries and other frozen potato products and due to its large blocky shape, recovers a high proportion of fries per unit weight of tubers. Fry color and processing ratings for Highland Russet were similar to Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank but fry color uniformity was higher than either of the standard varieties. In full-season trials conducted over a three-year period in the states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Colorado, and California; Highland Russet averaged 7% and 9% higher total yields and 21% and 52% higher U.S. No. 1 yields than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, respectively. It has moderately high specific gravity, with values similar to Ranger Russet and higher than Russet Burbank. Highland Russet is moderately resistant to Verticillium wilt and powdery scab root galling, as well as to tuber infections of late blight. It is also moderately resistant to common strains of potato virus Y (PVY(O)) but is susceptible to PVY(NTN). It is moderately susceptible to pink rot, common scab, powdery scab of the tuber and early blight of the tuber, as well as to Pectobacterium soft rot and Fusarium dry rot. Highland Russet is susceptible to foliar late blight, PLRV infection, Root-knot nematode and corky ringspot but is moderately resistant to PLRV net necrosis. The incidence of hollow heart in Highland Russet is low, similar to that of Ranger Russet and lower than Russet Burbank, Blackspot bruise reaction of Highland Russet is similar to Russet Burbank but it is less susceptible to shatter bruise. C1 [Stark, J. C.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls R&E Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Novy, R. G.; Whitworth, J. L.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Love, S. L.] Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Vales, M. I.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [James, S. R.] Oregon State Univ, Cent Oregon Expt Stn, Redmond, OR 97756 USA. [Hane, D. C.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [Charlton, B. A.] Oregon State Univ, Klamath Basin Res & Extens Ctr, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. [Brown, C. R.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Knowles, N. R.; Pavek, M. J.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brandt, T. L.; Olsen, N.] Univ Idaho, Twin Falls R&E Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. RP Stark, JC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls R&E Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM jstark@uidaho.edu FU USDA/CSREES FX The authors thank Margaret Bain, Mel Chappell, Lorie Ewing, Nora Fuller, Mark Fristad, Darren Hall, Charlene Miller, Tom Salaiz, Brian Schneider, Lura Schroeder, Penny Tubbs, Steven Wheeler, Solomon Yilma, and Jim Whitmore, as well as our collaborators in the Western Regional Potato Variety Trials, and the Idaho, Oregon and Washington Potato Commissions for their contributions to the development and release of Highland Russet. We also express thanks to Dave Hammond from Lamb Weston, Kennewick, WA as well as our other industry cooperators for their substantial contributions to this research effort. Development of Highland Russet was partially funded by the USDA/CSREES Special Potato Program Grant. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9069-z PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445SH UT WOS:000266071300002 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Munyaneza, JE AF Crosslin, James M. Munyaneza, Joseph E. TI Evidence that the Zebra Chip Disease and the Putative Causal Agent Can be Maintained in Potatoes by Grafting and In Vitro SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Potato diseases; Zebra chip; Potato psyllid; Bactericera cockerelli ID REAL-TIME; PHYTOPLASMA; PLANTS; SULC; PCR AB In the last several years, a disorder of chipping potatoes that causes internal browning of raw tubers and very dark chip color when the tubers are fried has been described from the southwestern United States. The discoloration often shows as rays or stripes and the common name "zebra chip" (ZC) has been used to describe the disorder. Foliar symptoms include chlorosis, purpling of shoot tips, and leaf scorch. Aerial tubers are sometimes produced on diseased plants. The disease has been associated with the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, but a suspected pathogen that may be associated with the ZC disorder has only very recently been described. In our efforts to identify the causal agent we have been maintaining the disease in the greenhouse by tip grafting symptomatic potato shoots onto healthy plants of several commercially important cultivars of potatoes, including Atlantic, Russet Burbank, and Russet Norkotah. Most of the grafted plants subsequently developed ZC symptoms. Many of the grafted plants produced tubers with symptoms typical of the disease. In cultivar Atlantic, 104 of 138 grafted plants developed foliar symptoms of ZC and 72 of the grafted plants produced ZC-symptomatic daughter tubers. Grafted plants without foliar symptoms did not produce symptomatic tubers. Herein we report the results of these grafting experiments and describe the symptoms produced in grafted plants and daughter tubers. We have also maintained the disease by placing surface-sterilized symptomatic shoots onto growth medium in vitro. In addition, the putative ZC pathogen, a new Candidatus Liberibacter spp., has been detected in symptomatic grafted plants, symptomatic in vitro plants, and potato psyllids by PCR. C1 [Crosslin, James M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Munyaneza, Joseph E.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jim.crosslin@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9070-6 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445SH UT WOS:000266071300003 ER PT J AU Wickramasinghe, WMDK Qu, XSS Costanzo, S Haynes, KG Christ, BJ AF Wickramasinghe, W. M. D. K. Qu, Xinshun S. Costanzo, Stefano Haynes, Kathleen G. Christ, Barbara J. TI Development of PCR-Based Markers Linked to Quantitative Resistance to Late Blight in a Diploid Hybrid Potato Population of Solanum phureja x S-stenotomum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marker assisted selection; Quantitative trait loci; Phytophthora infestans; Solanum tuberosum ID BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; ASSISTED SELECTION; TETRAPLOID POTATO; CULTIVATED POTATO; FIELD-RESISTANCE; VIRUS-RESISTANCE; TRAIT LOCI; GENE AB A diploid hybrid Solanum phureja x S. stenotomum population that has shown relatively high levels of quantitative resistance to late blight was used to develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of disease resistance in potato breeding. Two random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, OPA03(576) and OPA17(559), were identified as being linked to partial resistance. OPA03(576) was found to be associated in coupling phase while OPA17(559) showed association in repulsion phase to resistance. These two markers, together with previously developed amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, were incorporated into an existing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based chromosomal linkage map of this S. phureja x S. stenotomum population. Linkage analysis located the OPA17(559) marker on chromosome III, 12 cM away from a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) that explained 23.4% of the total phenotypic variation for late blight resistance. Marker OPA03(576) was located in the distal region of chromosome XII where several resistance genes are found clustered. A third PCR-based marker, GP198F-1, derived from the original RFLP marker GP198, was linked to the late blight resistance QTL on chromosome III that explained 23.4% of the total phenotypic variation in this population. The three PCR-based markers were used to screen for their presence in the mapping population and high correlations between the presence of these markers and late blight resistance were found. Our results suggest that these markers may be useful for MAS of late blight resistance in potato breeding programs. C1 [Wickramasinghe, W. M. D. K.; Qu, Xinshun S.; Costanzo, Stefano; Christ, Barbara J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Haynes, Kathleen G.] USDA ARS PSI, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Christ, BJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ebf@psu.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services Potato Program; Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture FX This research was partially supported by a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services Potato Program and by the Agricultural Research Funds administrated by the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 3 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9071-5 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 445SH UT WOS:000266071300004 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Hausman, GJ AF Barb, C. R. Hausman, G. J. TI Insulin-like growth factor-I feedback regulation of growth hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion in the pig: evidence for a pituitary site of action SO ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE GH; IGF-I; LH; pig; pituitary ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; POSSIBLE METABOLIC SIGNAL; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID LEVELS; IGF-I; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; FEMALE PUBERTY; CELLS; RAT; NEUROENDOCRINE; MODULATION AB Three experiments (EXP) were conducted to determine the role of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the control of growth hormone (GH) and LH secretion. In EXP I, prepuberal gilts, 65 +/- 6 kg body weight and 140 days of age received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of saline (n = 4), 25 mu g (n = 4) or 75 mu g (n = 4) IGF-I and jugular blood samples were collected. In EXP II, anterior pituitary cells in culture collected from 150-day-old prepuberal gilts (n = 6) were challenged with 0.1, 10 or 1000 nM [Ala15]-h growth hormone-releasing hormone-(1-29)NH2 (GHRH), or 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 30 nM IGF-I individually or in combinations with 1000 nM GHRH. Secreted GH was measured at 4 and 24 h after treatment. In EXP III, anterior pituitary cells in culture collected from 150-day-old barrows (n = 5) were challenged with 10, 100 or 1000 nM gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 30 nM IGF-I individually or in combinations with 100 nM GnRH. Secreted LH was measured at 4 h after treatment. In EXP I, serum GH and LH concentrations were unaffected by ICV IGF-I treatment. In EXP II, relative to control all doses of GHRH increased (P < 0.01) GH secretion. Only 1, 10, 30 nM IGF-I enhanced (P < 0.02) basal GH secretion at 4h, whereas by 24h all doses except for 30 nM IGF-I suppressed (P < 0.02) basal GH secretion compared to control wells. All doses of IGF-I in combination with 1000 nM GHRH increased (P < 0.04) the GH response to GHRH compared to GHRH alone at 4 h, whereas by 24 h all doses of IGF-I suppressed (P < 0.04) the GH response to GHRH. In EXP III, all doses of IGF-I increased (P < 0.01) basal LH levels while the LH response to GnRH was unaffected by IGF-I (P > 0.1). In conclusion, under these experimental conditions the results suggest that the pituitary is the putative site for IGF-I modulation of GH and LH secretion. Further examination of the role of IGF-I on GH and LH secretion is needed to understand the inhibitory and stimulatory action of IGF-I on GH and LH secretion. C1 [Barb, C. R.; Hausman, G. J.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM Richard.barb@ars.usda.gov RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 FU UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA [AFP-1021854, AFP-108648, AFP-11043B] FX The authors wish to thank Benny Barrett and Brent Jackson for their technical assistance. The authors wish to thank Dr A. F. Parlow, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA for providing the porcine GH antiserum AFP-1021854, porcine GH AFP-108648 and porcine LH AFP-11043B. This research was supported by USDA funds. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products, which may be suitable. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1751-7311 EI 1751-732X J9 ANIMAL JI Animal PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 6 BP 844 EP 849 DI 10.1017/S1751731108003947 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 448UB UT WOS:000266286400010 PM 22444771 ER PT J AU Spangler, ML Robbins, KR Bertrand, JK MacNeil, M Rekaya, R AF Spangler, M. L. Robbins, K. R. Bertrand, J. K. MacNeil, M. Rekaya, R. TI Ant colony optimization as a method for strategic genotype sampling SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ant colony optimization; genotype sampling; search algorithms; simulation ID COMPLEX PEDIGREES AB A simulation study was carried out to develop an alternative method of selecting animals to be genotyped. Simulated pedigrees included 5000 animals, each assigned genotypes for a bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based on assumed allelic frequencies of 0.7/0.3 and 0.5/0.5. In addition to simulated pedigrees, two beef cattle pedigrees, one from field data and the other from a research population, were used to test selected methods using simulated genotypes. The proposed method of ant colony optimization (ACO) was evaluated based on the number of alleles correctly assigned to ungenotyped animals (AK(P)), the probability of assigning true alleles (AK(G)) and the probability of correctly assigning genotypes (APTG). The proposed animal selection method of ant colony optimization was compared to selection using the diagonal elements of the inverse of the relationship matrix (A(-1)). Comparisons of these two methods showed that ACO yielded an increase in AK(P) ranging from 4.98% to 5.16% and an increase in APTG from 1.6% to 1.8% using simulated pedigrees. Gains in field data and research pedigrees were slightly lower. These results suggest that ACO can provide a better genotyping strategy, when compared to A(-1), with different pedigree sizes and structures. C1 [Spangler, M. L.; Robbins, K. R.; Bertrand, J. K.; Rekaya, R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [MacNeil, M.] ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Rekaya, R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rekaya, R.] Univ Georgia, Inst Bioinformat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rekaya, R (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rrekaya@uga.edu OI Spangler, Matthew/0000-0001-5184-501X NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 EI 1365-2052 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 3 BP 308 EP 314 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01835.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 444XP UT WOS:000266014500007 PM 19220227 ER PT J AU Karron, JD Holmquist, KG Flanagan, RJ Mitchell, RJ AF Karron, Jeffrey D. Holmquist, Karsten G. Flanagan, Rebecca J. Mitchell, Randall J. TI Pollinator visitation patterns strongly influence among-flower variation in selfing rate SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Autogamy; bee; Bombus fervidus; floral display; geitonogamy; mating system; monkeyflower; Mimulus ringens; paternity analysis; pollen carryover; pollinator visitation sequence; self-fertilization ID FLORAL DISPLAY SIZE; MIMULUS-RINGENS PHRYMACEAE; MIXED MATING SYSTEMS; OUTCROSSING RATES; POPULATION-DENSITY; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; POLLEN CARRYOVER; SEED PRODUCTION; PLANTS; FERTILIZATION AB Adjacent flowers on Mimulus ringens floral displays often vary markedly in selfing rate. We hypothesized that this fine-scale variation in mating system reflects the tendency of bumble-bee pollinators to probe several flowers consecutively on multiflower displays. When a pollinator approaches a display, the first flower probed is likely to receive substantial outcross pollen. However, since pollen carryover in this species is limited, receipt of self pollen should increase rapidly for later flowers. Here the first direct experimental test of this hypothesis is described. In order to link floral visitation sequences with selfing rates of individual flowers, replicate linear arrays were established, each composed of plants with unique genetic markers. This facilitated unambiguous assignment of paternity to all sampled progeny. A single wild bumble-bee was permitted to forage on each linear array, recording the order of floral visits on each display. Once fruits had matured, 120 fruits were harvested (four flowers from each of five floral displays in each of six arrays). Twenty-five seedlings from each fruit were genotyped and paternity was unambiguously assigned to all 3000 genotyped progeny. The order of pollinator probes on Mimulus floral displays strongly and significantly influenced selfing rates of individual fruits. Mean selfing rates increased from 21 % for initial probes to 78 % for the fourth flower probed on each display. Striking among-flower differences in selfing rate result from increased deposition of geitonogamous (among-flower, within-display) self pollen as bumble-bees probe consecutive flowers on each floral display. The resulting heterogeneity in the genetic composition of sibships may influence seedling competition and the expression of inbreeding depression. C1 [Karron, Jeffrey D.; Flanagan, Rebecca J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Holmquist, Karsten G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mitchell, Randall J.] Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Karron, JD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM karron@uwm.edu RI Karron, Jeffrey/A-6855-2009; Mitchell, Randall/G-6380-2010 OI Mitchell, Randall/0000-0001-7961-3560 FU NSF [DEB 9816712, DEB 9903308]; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee FX The authors thank Tom Schuck and Mindy Mymudes for assistance propagating Mimulus ringens, and Jim Reinartz, Gretchen Meyer and Lou Nelson for help with field work. We are grateful to Don Levin, Monica Medrano and an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was supported by NSF Grants DEB 9816712 to J.D.K., and DEB 9903308 to R.J.M., and a University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Graduate School Fellowship to K. G. H. NR 45 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 103 IS 9 BP 1379 EP 1383 DI 10.1093/aob/mcp030 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 451VA UT WOS:000266497800003 PM 19218584 ER PT J AU Brunet, J AF Brunet, Johanne TI Pollinators of the Rocky Mountain columbine: temporal variation, functional groups and associations with floral traits SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Aquilegia coerulea; columbine; pollinator abundance; bumble-bee; hawkmoth; flower colour; spur length; functional pollinator group; altitude; floral trait ID AQUILEGIA-CAERULEA RANUNCULACEAE; FLOWER COLOR; MEDIATED SELECTION; WILD RADISH; FLY POLLINATION; NECTAR SPURS; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; PLANT; SPECIALIZATION AB Pollinators together with other biotic and some abiotic factors can select for floral traits. However, variation in pollinator abundance over time and space can weaken such selection. In the present study, the variation in pollinator abundance over time and space was examined in populations of the Rocky Mountain columbine. The variation in three floral traits is described and correlations between pollinator type, functional pollinator groups or altitude and floral traits are examined. Pollinator observations took place in six Aquilegia coerulea populations over 1-4 years and spur length, flower colour and sepal length were measured in 12 populations. Pollinator abundance, measured as visits per flower per hour, was compared among populations and years. Pollinators were grouped into two functional groups: pollen or nectar collectors. The following associations were examined: annual presence of hawkmoths and whiter flowers with longer spurs; the presence of Sphinx vashti and longer spurs; and higher altitudes and whiter flowers. The study looked at whether an increase in the proportion of hawkmoths in a population was associated with whiter and larger flowers with longer spurs. The abundance of different pollinator groups varied over time and space. Floral traits varied among populations. Higher altitude was correlated with bluer flowers. Whiter flowers were associated with the annual presence of hawkmoths. Populations visited by Sphinx vashti had longer spurs than populations visited only by Hyles lineata. Populations with greater percentage of nectar-collecting pollinators did not have whiter, larger flowers with longer spurs. Despite the large variation in pollinator abundance over time and space, one species of bumble-bee or hawkmoth tended to predominate in each population each year. Future studies of Aquilegia coerulea should examine the specific influences of pollinators and the environment on flower colour and of hawkmoth species on spur length. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS VCRU, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Brunet, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS VCRU, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jbrunet@wisc.edu FU National Science Foundation [0074670]; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX I thank R. Martin at Southern Utah University and botanists and park rangers at the National Parks for their help in locating populations. A. R. Moldenke at Oregon State University and S. Krauth at the University of Wisconsin identified the pollinators. C. M. and C. T. Bonin, D. De Joode, C. Stewart, and H. R. Sweet helped with pollinator observations and floral measurements. Comments from Z. Larson-Rabin and anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This work was supported by award no. 0074670 from the National Science Foundation and by funding from the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 44 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 43 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 103 IS 9 BP 1567 EP 1578 DI 10.1093/aob/mcp096 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 451VA UT WOS:000266497800020 PM 19414518 ER PT J AU Huang, YW Wang, LS Dowd, MK Wan, PJ Lin, YC AF Huang, Yi-Wen Wang, Li-Shu Dowd, Michael K. Wan, Peter J. Lin, Young C. TI (-)-Gossypol Reduces Invasiveness in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE (-)-Gossypol; metastasis; prostate cancer; nm23-H1; Bcl-2; Bcl-xL ID BEARING COPENHAGEN RATS; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARCINOMA-CELLS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INHIBITORY-ACTIVITY; SUPPRESSOR GENES; ORAL GOSSYPOL; NM23-H1; INVASION AB Background: Acquisition of metastatic ability by prostatic cancer cells is the most lethal aspect of prostatic cancer progression. (-)-Gossypol, a polyphenolic compound present in cottonseeds, possesses anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects in various cancer cells. Materials and Methods: In this study, the differences between MAT-LyLu, rat prostate cancer cells, with a novel isolated subline from metastasized tumors in the lungs of MAT-LyLu-bearing Copenhagen rats (MLL cells) were compared with respect to cell growth and invasion. The effects of (-)-gossypol on cell viability, colony formation, invasive ability and cell migration in MAT-LyLu and MLL cells were also evaluated. Results: Results showed that MLL cells displayed higher growth ability, colony formation and aggressive penetration than those of MAT-LyLu cells. MLL cells possess lower protein expression of Bcl-xL and nm23-H1 than those of MAT-LyLu cells, implying differences in invasive ability. Moreover, (-)-gossypol treatment induced a dose-dependent inhibition of invasive activity and cell viability and reduced Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins but induced nm23-H1 protein in both cell lines. Conclusion: These findings illustrated that (-)-gossypol reduced in vitro invasion of both the parental MAT-LyLu cells and the isolated MLL cells, suggesting that (-) -gossypol might serve as a chemotherapeutic and/or chemopreventive agent. C1 [Huang, Yi-Wen; Wang, Li-Shu; Lin, Young C.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lin, Young C.] Ohio State Univ, OSU Comprehens Canc Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dowd, Michael K.; Wan, Peter J.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Lin, YC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, 1900 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lin.15@osu.edu FU NIH [CA94718, CA95915]; Cotton Incorporated [06-864] FX We are grateful to Dr. Kathleen Hayes for her critical reading and comments of this manuscript. This research is partially supported by NIH Grants CA94718 & CA95915 and the Cotton Incorporated (Cary, NC, USA) research grant project No. 06-864 for YC Lin. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 2179 EP 2188 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 462WT UT WOS:000267389500040 PM 19528479 ER PT J AU Cullen, KW Watson, KB Konarik, M AF Cullen, Karen Weber Watson, Kathleen B. Konarik, Melanie TI Differences in fruit and vegetable exposure and preferences among adolescents receiving free fruit and vegetable snacks at school SO APPETITE LA English DT Article DE Free Fruit and Vegetable Program; USDA; Adolescents; High school; Diet; Preferences; Exposure ID CHILDRENS FOOD PREFERENCES; BODY-MASS INDEX; TELL US; WEIGHT; CONSUMPTION; ACCEPTANCE; STUDENTS; BEHAVIOR; PROJECT; TRIAL AB Low fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes are associated with excess body weight. The United States Department of Agriculture sponsors a Free Fruit and Vegetable Program in schools whereby students receive free FV snacks daily. This study assessed whether the program improved student exposure to and preferences for FV in a Houston high school in 2006-2007. Anonymous, post-intervention only FV exposure and preference surveys were completed by 2000 intervention school students and 1600 students in a comparison school during May, 2007. Differences in FV exposure and preferences were assessed, as well as differences in preferences between those students who tasted the item for the first time at school compared to those who had tasted the item before. The comparison school average scores for prior FV exposure and vegetable preferences were significantly higher than the intervention school scores. Intervention school students who had tasted the item previously reported significantly higher preferences than students who had tasted it for the first time at school. Access to the Free Fruit and Vegetable Program did not appear to improve high school student reported FV exposure and preferences. Future research should investigate the connection between food exposure, preferences and consumption in adolescents. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cullen, Karen Weber; Watson, Kathleen B.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Konarik, Melanie] Spring ISD, Houston, TX 77090 USA. RP Cullen, KW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kcullen@bcm.tmc.edu FU USDA ERS [43-3AEM-2-80121]; USDA/ARS [143-3AEL-2-80121, 58-6250-6001] FX This work is a publication of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. This project has been funded in part by federal funds from the USDA ERS (Cooperative Agreement 43-3AEM-2-80121) and USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreements No. 143-3AEL-2-80121 and 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 740 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2009.04.001 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 465EU UT WOS:000267565500026 PM 19427059 ER PT J AU Yang, WL Lindquist, HDA Cama, V Schaefer, FW Villegas, E Fayer, R Lewis, EJ Feng, YY Xiao, LH AF Yang, Wenli Lindquist, H. D. Alan Cama, Vitaliano Schaefer, Frank W., III Villegas, Eric Fayer, Ronald Lewis, Earl J. Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua TI Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Water Sample Concentrates by Real-Time PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSFER HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; INTERNAL CONTROL; DRINKING-WATER; DIAGNOSIS; ASSAY AB PCR techniques in combination with conventional parasite concentration procedures have potential for the sensitive and specific detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water. Three real-time PCR assays based on the B1 gene and a 529-bp repetitive element were analyzed for the detection of T. gondii tachyzoites and oocysts. Lower sensitivity and specificity were obtained with the B1 gene-based PCR than with the 529-bp repeat-based PCR. New procedures for the real-time PCR detection of T. gondii oocysts in concentrates of surface water were developed and tested in conjunction with a method for the direct extraction of inhibitor-free DNA from water. This technique detected as few as one oocyst seeded to 0.5 ml of packed pellets from water samples concentrated by Envirocheck filters. Thus, this real-time PCR may provide a detection method alternative to the traditional mouse assay and microscopy. C1 [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Yang, Wenli] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. [Lindquist, H. D. Alan; Schaefer, Frank W., III] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Villegas, Eric] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fayer, Ronald] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lewis, Earl J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Feng, Yaoyu] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resource & Environm Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014; Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 FU EPA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX This study was supported in part by funds from the EPA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3477 EP 3483 DI 10.1128/AEM.00285-09 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 449QT UT WOS:000266345800012 PM 19363083 ER PT J AU Altekruse, SF Berrang, ME Marks, H Patel, B Shaw, WK Saini, P Bennett, PA Bailey, JS AF Altekruse, Sean F. Berrang, Mark E. Marks, Harry Patel, Bharat Shaw, William K., Jr. Saini, Parmesh Bennett, Patricia A. Bailey, J. Stan TI Enumeration of Escherichia coli Cells on Chicken Carcasses as a Potential Measure of Microbial Process Control in a Random Selection of Slaughter Establishments in the United States SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER SPP.; BROILER CARCASSES; SALMONELLA; CONTAMINATION; POPULATIONS; POSTCHILL; NUMBERS; PLANTS AB To evaluate whether the number of Escherichia coli bacteria in carcass rinses from chicken slaughter establishments could be monitored for the purpose of microbial process control, we drew a random sample from 20 of 127 large USDA-inspected operations. In 2005, every 3 months, two sets of 10 carcass rinses, 100 ml each, were collected from establishments, netting 80 sample sets from the rehang and postchill stages. E. coli and Campylobacter numbers and Salmonella prevalence were measured. Mixed-effect models were used to estimate variance of mean log(10) E. coli cell numbers of 10-carcass rinse sample sets. Relationships between E. coli and Campylobacter and Salmonella were examined. For 10-carcass rinse sets, at both the rehang and postchill stages the mean log(10) E. coli CFU/ml fit the logistic distribution better than the normal distribution. The rehang overall mean log(10) E. coli was 3.3 CFU/ml, with a within- sample set standard deviation of 0.6 CFU/ml. The overall postchill mean log(10) E. coli was 0.8 CFU/ml, with 13 establishments having mean log(10) E. coli CFU/ml values of less than 1.0 and 7 having mean values of 1.2 or more. At the midpoint separating these establishments, a mean log(10) E. coli CFU/ml of 1.1, the within- sample set standard deviation was 0.5 CFU/ml, with smaller standard deviations as means increased. Postchill sample sets with mean log(10) E. coli counts less than or equal to 1.1 CFU/ml had lower overall prevalence of Salmonella and mean log(10) Campylobacter CFU/ml than sample sets with higher means. These findings regarding reductions in E. coli numbers provide insight relevant to microbial process control. C1 [Altekruse, Sean F.; Marks, Harry; Patel, Bharat; Shaw, William K., Jr.; Saini, Parmesh; Bennett, Patricia A.] USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Berrang, Mark E.; Bailey, J. Stan] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Altekruse, SF (reprint author), NCI, Canc Surveillance Branch, 6116 Execut Blvd,Room 5003, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM altekrusesf@mail.nih.gov FU USDA; ARS; FSIS FX Funding was provided by both collaborating USDA agencies, ARS and FSIS. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3522 EP 3527 DI 10.1128/AEM.02685-08 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 449QT UT WOS:000266345800017 PM 19363066 ER PT J AU Scupham, AJ AF Scupham, Alexandra J. TI Campylobacter Colonization of the Turkey Intestine in the Context of Microbial Community Development SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; BROILER-CHICKENS; UNITED-STATES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; RISK-FACTORS; JEJUNI; SPP.; DIVERSITY AB Patterns of microbial community dynamics in the turkey intestine were examined. Every week of the 18-week production cycle, cecal bacterial communities and Campylobacter loads were examined from five birds for each of two flocks. Molecular fingerprinting via the automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the cecal samples revealed that microbial communities changed in a time- dependent manner, and during both trials they developed via transition through three phases during the production cycle. A core component of the microbiota consisting of 11 Bacteroidetes types was present throughout both trials. In contrast, constant succession was detected in the Clostridiales populations until week 10 or 11, with few shared sequences between the flocks. Changes in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli loads were correlated to, but not dependent on, the two acute transitions delimiting the three developmental phases. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Scupham, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM alexandra.scupham@ars.usda.gov FU U. S. Department of Agriculture FX The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3564 EP 3571 DI 10.1128/AEM.01409-08 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 449QT UT WOS:000266345800022 PM 19346343 ER PT J AU Hebel, CL Smith, JE Cromack, K AF Hebel, Cassie L. Smith, Jane E. Cromack, Kermit, Jr. TI Invasive plant species and soil microbial response to wildfire burn severity in the Cascade Range of Oregon SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Invasive plants; Soil burn severity; Phospholipid fatty acid analysis; PLFA; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Soil microbial communities ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; FOREST SOILS; FIRE; PRODUCTIVITY; STRATEGIES; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; ROOTS AB Exposure of soil to severe heating during a wildfire volatilizes soil nutrients and causes mortality of microbial communities, potentially facilitating invasion by non-native plant species. In this study, we investigated the chemical and biotic factors associated with severely burned "red" soil and less severely burned "black" soil from a recently burned forest on the eastern slope of the Cascade Range in Oregon. Specifically, we examined the effects of burn severity on plant growth, AM fungal colonization and soil microbial communities as indicated by PLFA (phospholipid fatty acid) analysis. Soil nutrients, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. microbial abundance and plant growth were all significantly reduced in red soils. Native and non-native plants exhibited differential growth in red and black soil, with non-natives growing more rapidly. Despite this rapid growth, non-native plant biomass was significantly lower in red soil, whereas native plant biomass did not differ between red and black soils. These findings suggest that some native species may out-compete non-native species in low-resource environments, such as severely burned red soil, where organic matter, soil nutrients and soil microbes are reduced by severe soil heating. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smith, Jane E.] Oregon State Univ, Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn,Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hebel, Cassie L.; Cromack, Kermit, Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn,Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jsmith01@fs.fed.us FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Oregon State University Department of Forest Science; Joint Fire Science Program [05-2-1-44] FX This research was made possible with funding received from the U.S.D.A. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Oregon State University Department of Forest Science; and the Joint Fire Science Program (Project #05-2-1-44). Mention of trade or firm names does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We thank Doni Mckay, Tara Jennings, Sarah Beldin and Nicole Kurhanewicz for field and lab assistance. Thanks to Efren CSzares for assistance quantifying AM fungi, and also thanks to Nicole DeCrappeo, Liz Schwartz, Justin Brant, Rockie Yarwood and Stephanie Yarwood for assistance with PLFA analysis. We also thank the statisticians who helped with the study design and analysis: Lisa Ganio, Manuela Huso, Greg Brenner and Bruce McCune. The comments of Bernard Bormann, Nicole DeCrappeo, Paul Doescher, Elizabeth Sulzman, Garrett W. Meigs and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Lastly, we dedicate this publication to the memory of Elizabeth Sulzman, an extraordinary scientist, educator, and mentor. NR 67 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 150 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.03.004 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 455DX UT WOS:000266738700010 ER PT J AU Gaylord, TG Barrows, FT Rawles, SD Liu, K Bregitzer, P Hang, A Obert, DE Morris, C AF Gaylord, T. G. Barrows, F. T. Rawles, S. D. Liu, K. Bregitzer, P. Hang, A. Obert, D. E. Morris, C. TI Apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy in extruded diets from cultivars of barley and wheat selected for nutritional quality in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE barley; digestibility; starch; trout; wheat ID STARCH; INGREDIENTS; GROWTH; AVAILABILITY; COEFFICIENTS; POTATO; RATIO; CORN AB A digestibility trial was conducted to elucidate potential differences in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines and varieties as a first step in defining their potential for use in aquafeeds. A diverse group of six barley lines having six combinations of selected attributes, normal versus low phytic acid, normal versus waxy, and hulled versus hull-less, were chosen for evaluation along with a waxy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soft white wheat. The experimental diets were manufactured by cooking extrusion and consisted of a 70% reference diet that was formulated to contain a minimal level of phosphorus and 30% test ingredient. Phosphorus availability ranged from 17 to 78% and was influenced by starch type in wheat. Apparent protein digestibility ranged from 53 to 125% and differences were observed between wheat varieties based on starch type. Apparent energy digestibility ranged from 32 to 63%, with waxy barley varieties having higher energy digestibility coefficients than normal starch varieties. Waxy starch varieties had higher starch digestibility in both barley and wheat because of the greater digestibility of amylopectin than amylose. In summary, the higher energy digestibility of waxy barley lines suggests that these varieties warrant further attention as feed ingredients for rainbow trout. C1 [Gaylord, T. G.; Barrows, F. T.] USDA ARS, PWA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Rawles, S. D.] USDA ARS, SPA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Liu, K.; Bregitzer, P.; Hang, A.; Obert, D. E.] USDA ARS, PWA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Morris, C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, PWA,Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gaylord, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, PWA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM Gibson.Gaylord@ars.usda.gov OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 FU USDA/Agricultural Research Service [5366-21310-003-00D] FX We wish to thank ARS technicians April M. Teague, Rebecca Jacobs, Lorrie Van Tassel, Mike Woolman, ARS SCEP student Scott Snyder and University of Idaho personnel Mike Casten and Lucas Porter for their assistance with this study. This study was funded by the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Project Numbers 5366-21310-003-00D. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00595.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 443TO UT WOS:000265933900009 ER PT J AU Wasilenko, JL Sarmento, L Pantin-Jackwood, MJ AF Wasilenko, Jamie L. Sarmento, Luciana Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. TI A single substitution in amino acid 184 of the NP protein alters the replication and pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in chickens SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION SIGNAL; STRAND RNA VIRUSES; A VIRUS; NITRIC-OXIDE; REASSORTANT VIRUSES; POLYMERASE PROTEINS; VIRAL REPLICATION; GENES CONTRIBUTE; HIGH VIRULENCE; NS1 PROTEIN AB Changes in the NP gene of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have previously been shown to affect viral replication, alter host gene expression levels and affect mean death times in infected chickens. Five amino acids at positions 22, 184, 400, 406, and 423 were different between the two recombinant viruses studied. In this study, we individually mutated the five amino acids that differed and determined that the difference in virus pathogenicity after NP gene exchange was a result of an alanine to lysine change at position 184 of the NP protein. Infection with viruses containing a lysine at NP 184 induced earlier mortality in chickens, increased virus titers and nitric oxide levels in tissues, and resulted in up-regulated host immune genes, such as alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha), gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), orthomyxovirus resistance gene 1 (Mx1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). This study underlines the importance of the NP in avian influenza virus replication and pathogenicity. C1 [Wasilenko, Jamie L.; Sarmento, Luciana; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Mary.Pantin-Jackwood@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture [6612-32000-48] FX The authors would like to thank Diane Smith, Aniko Zsak and the SAA sequencing facility for technical assistance and Roger Brock for animal care assistance. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, CRIS #6612-32000-48. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 154 IS 6 BP 969 EP 979 DI 10.1007/s00705-009-0399-4 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 458MR UT WOS:000267028500007 PM 19475480 ER PT J AU Otalora-Luna, F Hammock, JA Alessandro, RT Lapointe, SL Dickens, JC AF Otalora-Luna, Fernando Hammock, Jennifer A. Alessandro, Rocco T. Lapointe, Stephen L. Dickens, Joseph C. TI Discovery and characterization of chemical signals for citrus root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus SO ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Diaprepes abbreviatus; Behavior; Electrophysiology; Olfaction; Citrus; Terpenes; Green leaf volatiles ID GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; PLANT VOLATILES; PEEL OIL; COLEOPTERA-CURCULIONIDAE; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; SEX-PHEROMONE; HOST PLANTS; BOLL-WEEVIL AB The tropical root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L. 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a polyphagous insect from the Caribbean Islands and an invasive insect in the southern part of the United States where it is pest of citrus crops and ornamental trees. Adults feed upon foliage where aggregation, mating and oviposition take place. Here, the headspace volatiles from Citrus macrophylla Wester (Rutaceae), D. abbreviatus adults feeding on this plant, adults alone and adult feces, were collected by aeration and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for analysis by gas chromatography-linked mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Electrophysiological responses of weevil antennal receptors to volatile headspace extracts and synthetic analogues were recorded by gas chromatography-linked electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and electroantennograms (EAGs). Antennal responses were recorded to the monoterpenes (R)-(-)-linalool, citronellal, nerol, citral, and geraniol; all present in the headspace of C. macrophylla. Antennal responses were also recorded to carvacrol, present in the headspace of adults and adult feces. The green leaf volatiles cis-3-hexen-1-ol and trans-2-hexen-1-ol, produced by other host plants, elicited reliable responses on the D. abbreviatus antenna. When comparing EAGs between (+/-)-linalool and (R)-(-)-linalool, no significant difference was found; responses to (R)-(+)-citronellal were larger than for (S)-(-)-citronellal. Among the individual compounds and blends tested using an open T-track dual choice olfactometer, only the blend of (+/-)-linalool, cis-3-hexen-1-ol and carvacrol (source dose 25:25:2.5 mu g) elicited significant attraction of females, the same blend was repellent for males. The biologically active compounds found here likely play a role in host finding by D. abbreviatus and other interactions of the insect with its hostplant. C1 [Otalora-Luna, Fernando; Hammock, Jennifer A.; Dickens, Joseph C.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst,Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav La, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alessandro, Rocco T.; Lapointe, Stephen L.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst,Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav La, 10300 Baltimore Blvd,Bldg 007,Rm 030, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joseph.dickens@ars.usda.gov OI Alessandro, Rocco/0000-0001-7983-0557; Otalora-Luna, Fernando/0000-0002-5313-2184; Hammock, Jennifer/0000-0002-9943-2342 NR 59 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-8855 EI 1872-8847 J9 ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTE JI Arthropod-Plant Interact. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1007/s11829-009-9058-7 PG 11 WC Ecology; Entomology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA 443MZ UT WOS:000265915600001 ER PT J AU Brousseau, M Demissie, S Peloso, G Cupples, L Gabriel, S Collins, D Mirel, D Schaefer, E AF Brousseau, M. Demissie, S. Peloso, G. Cupples, L. Gabriel, S. Collins, D. Mirel, D. Schaefer, E. TI IDENTIFICATION OF SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI FOR THE LOW HDL-C/CHD TRAIT SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brousseau, M.; Schaefer, E.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Demissie, S.; Peloso, G.; Cupples, L.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Gabriel, S.; Mirel, D.] Broad Inst Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Gabriel, S.; Mirel, D.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Collins, D.] Coordinating Ctr, Vet Affairs Cooperat Studies Program, New Haven, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101145 ER PT J AU Furusyo, N Koga, T Ai, M Otokozawa, S Mukae, H Maeda, S Sawayama, Y Asztalos, B Schaefer, E Hayashi, J AF Furusyo, N. Koga, T. Ai, M. Otokozawa, S. Mukae, H. Maeda, S. Sawayama, Y. Asztalos, B. Schaefer, E. Hayashi, J. TI CHRONIC HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AFFECTS LIPID METABOLISM BY ELEVATING LDL AND SMALL DENSE LDL (SD-LDL-C): A KYUSHU OKINAWA POPULATION STUSY (KOPS) SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Furusyo, N.; Koga, T.; Mukae, H.; Maeda, S.; Sawayama, Y.; Hayashi, J.] Kyushu Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Med, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Ai, M.; Otokozawa, S.; Asztalos, B.; Schaefer, E.] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957100931 ER PT J AU Imamura, F Herrington, D Jacques, P Lichtenstein, A AF Imamura, F. Herrington, D. Jacques, P. Lichtenstein, A. TI SELF-REPORTED VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENT USE WAS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH ATHEROSCLEROSIS PROGRESSION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH ESTABLISHED HEART DISEASE SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Imamura, F.; Jacques, P.; Lichtenstein, A.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Herrington, D.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101108 ER PT J AU Junyent, M Tucker, K Smith, C Mattei, J Lai, CQ Parnell, L Ordovas, JM AF Junyent, M. Tucker, K. Smith, C. Mattei, J. Lai, C-Q Parnell, L. Ordovas, J. M. TI THE EFFECTS OF ABCG5/G8 POLYMORPHISMS ON PLASMA HDL CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS DEPEND ON SMOKING HABIT IN THE BOSTON PUERTO RICAN HEALTH STUDY SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Junyent, M.; Tucker, K.; Smith, C.; Mattei, J.; Lai, C-Q; Parnell, L.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101347 ER PT J AU Junyent, M Mateo, R Gilabert, R Cofan, M Nunez, I Pocovi, M Mallen, M Zambon, D Tejedor, D Vega, J Almagro, F Civeira, F Ros, E AF Junyent, M. Mateo, R. Gilabert, R. Cofan, M. Nunez, I. Pocovi, M. Mallen, M. Zambon, D. Tejedor, D. Vega, J. Almagro, F. Civeira, F. Ros, E. TI IMPACT OF LDL RECEPTOR MUTATIONAL CLASS ON CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA (FH) SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Junyent, M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mateo, R.; Civeira, F.] Hosp Miguel Servet, Unidad Lipidos, Zaragoza, Spain. [Gilabert, R.; Nunez, I.] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Ctr Diagnost Imatge, Barcelona, Spain. [Cofan, M.; Zambon, D.; Ros, E.] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Unitat Lipids, Barcelona, Spain. [Pocovi, M.; Mallen, M.] Univ Zaragoza, Dept Bioquim Biol Mol & Celular, Zaragoza, Spain. [Tejedor, D.] Progenika Biopharma, Derio, Spain. [Vega, J.; Almagro, F.] Hosp Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957100248 ER PT J AU Kajinami, K Sato, R Akao, H Schaefer, E AF Kajinami, K. Sato, R. Akao, H. Schaefer, E. TI STATIN PHARMACOGENOMICS: ROLE OF COMBINED ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONALLY-RELATED LOCI SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kajinami, K.; Sato, R.; Akao, H.] Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 92002, Japan. [Schaefer, E.] Tufts Univ, JM HNRCA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957100642 ER PT J AU Koga, T Furusyo, N Ai, M Otokozawa, S Mukae, H Ohnishi, H Maeda, S Sawayama, Y Asztalos, B Schaefer, E Hayashi, J AF Koga, T. Furusyo, N. Ai, M. Otokozawa, S. Mukae, H. Ohnishi, H. Maeda, S. Sawayama, Y. Asztalos, B. Schaefer, E. Hayashi, J. TI SMALL DENSE LDL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS PREDICT SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN A JAPANESE POPULATION: A KYUSHU OKINAWA POPULATION STUDY (KOPS) SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Koga, T.; Furusyo, N.; Mukae, H.; Ohnishi, H.; Maeda, S.; Sawayama, Y.; Hayashi, J.] Kyushu Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Med, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Ai, M.; Otokozawa, S.; Asztalos, B.; Schaefer, E.] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957100441 ER PT J AU Lai, CQ Tucker, K Parnell, L Shen, J Warodowichit, D Lee, YC Crott, J Ordovas, J AF Lai, C-Q Tucker, K. Parnell, L. Shen, J. Warodowichit, D. Lee, Y-C Crott, J. Ordovas, J. TI MAT1A VARIATION ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION, STROKE, AND DNA DAMAGE IN THE BOSTON PUERTO RICANS: MODULATION BY PLASMA VITAMIN B-6 AND FOLATE STATUS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lai, C-Q; Tucker, K.; Parnell, L.; Shen, J.; Warodowichit, D.; Lee, Y-C; Crott, J.; Ordovas, J.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101112 ER PT J AU Lee, YC Arnett, D Tsai, M Kabagambe, E Straka, R Province, M An, P Garaulet, M Shen, J Junyent, M Lai, CQ Parnell, L Borecki, I Ordovas, J AF Lee, Y-C Arnett, D. Tsai, M. Kabagambe, E. Straka, R. Province, M. An, P. Garaulet, M. Shen, J. Junyent, M. Lai, C-Q Parnell, L. Borecki, I. Ordovas, J. TI POLYMORPHISMS AT BCL7B-TBL2-MLXIPL LOCUS INTERACT WITH DIETARY UNSATURATED FA TO MODULATE BMI AND LIPIDS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, Y-C; Shen, J.; Junyent, M.; Lai, C-Q; Parnell, L.; Ordovas, J.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, D.; Kabagambe, E.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Tsai, M.] Univ Minnesota, Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Straka, R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Province, M.; Borecki, I.] Washington Univ, Div Biostat, St Louis, MO USA. [An, P.] Washington Univ, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO USA. [Garaulet, M.] Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Murcia, Spain. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101104 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, A AF Lichtenstein, A. TI DIETARY GUIDELINES: SHOULD THERAPY BE DIFFERENT FOR WOMEN? SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lichtenstein, A.] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101156 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, A AF Lichtenstein, A. TI DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS TO REDUCE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK - HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lichtenstein, A.] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957100364 ER PT J AU Matthan, N AF Matthan, N. TI CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION AND SYNTHESIS MARKERS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Matthan, N.] Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957100255 ER PT J AU Otokozawa, S Ai, M Diffenderfer, M Tanaka, A Lamon-Fava, S Schaefer, E AF Otokozawa, S. Ai, M. Diffenderfer, M. Tanaka, A. Lamon-Fava, S. Schaefer, E. TI FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL APOLIPOPROTEIN B-48 LEVELS IN NORMAL, OBESE, AND HYPERLIPIDEMIC SUBJECTS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Otokozawa, S.; Ai, M.; Diffenderfer, M.; Lamon-Fava, S.; Schaefer, E.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tanaka, A.] Kagawa Nutr Univ, Nutr Clin, Tokyo, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101400 ER PT J AU Parnell, L Lai, CQ Ordovas, J AF Parnell, L. Lai, C-Q Ordovas, J. TI COMPUTATIONAL IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN DIET-RESPONSIVE GENETIC VARIANTS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Parnell, L.; Lai, C-Q; Ordovas, J.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101106 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Garcia-Rios, A Delgado-Lista, J Cruz-Teno, C Camargo, A Yubero-Serrano, E Ordovas, J Perez-Jimenez, F Lopez-Miranda, J AF Perez-Martinez, P. Garcia-Rios, A. Delgado-Lista, J. Cruz-Teno, C. Camargo, A. Yubero-Serrano, E. Ordovas, J. Perez-Jimenez, F. Lopez-Miranda, J. TI CONSUMPTION OF DIETS WITH DIFFERENT TYPE OF FAT INFLUENCES TRIACYLGLYCEROLS-RICH LIPOPROTEINS PARTICLE NUMBER AND SIZE DURING THE POSTPRANDIAL STATE SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Perez-Martinez, P.; Garcia-Rios, A.; Delgado-Lista, J.; Cruz-Teno, C.; Camargo, A.; Yubero-Serrano, E.; Perez-Jimenez, F.; Lopez-Miranda, J.] Univ Cordoba, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Ordovas, J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Yubero-Serrano, Elena /H-4832-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957100086 ER PT J AU Shearer, G Harris, W Pederson, T Newman, J AF Shearer, G. Harris, W. Pederson, T. Newman, J. TI DETECTION OF OMEGA-3 OXYLIPINS IN HUMAN PLASMA AND RESPONSE TO TREATMENT WITH OMEGA-3 ACID ETHYL ESTERS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shearer, G.; Harris, W.] Sanford Res USD, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Pederson, T.; Newman, J.] ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA USA. [Newman, J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957100203 ER PT J AU Smith, C Arnett, D Tsai, M Lai, C Parnell, L Shen, J Junyent, M Laclaustra, M Ordovas, J AF Smith, C. Arnett, D. Tsai, M. Lai, C. Parnell, L. Shen, J. Junyent, M. Laclaustra, M. Ordovas, J. TI PHYSICAL INACTIVITY INTERACTS WITH AN ENDOTHELIAL LIPASE POLYMORPHISM TO MODULATE HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN IN THE GOLDN STUDY SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, C.; Lai, C.; Parnell, L.; Shen, J.; Junyent, M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, D.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. [Tsai, M.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Laclaustra, M.] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Madrid, Spain. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101352 ER PT J AU Warodomwichit, D Ordovas, J Jongjirasiri, S Laothamatas, J Sura, T Yamwong, S Busabaratana, M Pingsuthiwong, S Yingchoncharoen, T Komindr, S Sritara, P AF Warodomwichit, D. Ordovas, J. Jongjirasiri, S. Laothamatas, J. Sura, T. Yamwong, S. Busabaratana, M. Pingsuthiwong, S. Yingchoncharoen, T. Komindr, S. Sritara, P. TI ASSOCIATION OF CHOLESTERYL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN TAQ1B POLYMORPHISM AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN THAIS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Warodomwichit, D.; Sura, T.; Yamwong, S.; Busabaratana, M.; Pingsuthiwong, S.; Yingchoncharoen, T.; Komindr, S.; Sritara, P.] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Dept Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Ordovas, J.] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Jongjirasiri, S.; Laothamatas, J.] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Dept Radiol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957100048 ER PT J AU Heath, RL Lefohn, AS Musselman, RC AF Heath, Robert L. Lefohn, Allen S. Musselman, Robert C. TI Temporal processes that contribute to nonlinearity in vegetation responses to ozone exposure and dose SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality standards; Ascorbate; Defense mechanisms; Flux; Repair; Uptake ID ARABIDOPSIS GUARD-CELLS; STOMATAL APERTURE SIZE; AIR-QUALITY STANDARDS; ASCORBIC-ACID; PULMONARY RESPONSES; TRIANGULAR PROFILES; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; PROTECT VEGETATION; INTACT LEAVES; LEAF APOPLAST AB Ozone interacts with plant tissue through distinct temporal processes. Sequentially, plants are exposed to ambient O(3) that (I) moves through the leaf boundary layer, (2) is taken up into plant tissue primarily through stomata, and (3) undergoes chemical interaction within plant tissue, first by initiating alterations and then as part of plant detoxification and repair. In this paper, we discuss the linkage of the temporal variability of apoplastic ascorbate with the diurnal variability of defense mechanisms in plants and compare this variability with daily maximum O(3) concentration and diurnal uptake and entry Of O(3) into the plant through stomata. We describe the quantitative evidence on temporal variability in concentration and uptake and find that the time incidence for maximum defense does not necessarily match diurnal patterns for maximum O(3) concentration or maximum uptake. We suggest that the observed out-of-phase association of the diurnal patterns for the above three processes produces a nonlinear relationship that results in a greater response from the higher hourly average O(3) concentrations than from the lower or mid-level values. The fact that these out-of-phase processes affect the relationship between O(3) exposure/dose and vegetation effects ultimately impact the ability of flux-based indices to predict vegetation effects accurately for purposes of standard setting and critical levels. Based on the quantitative aspect of temporal variability identified in this paper, we suggest that the inclusion of a diurnal pattern for detoxification in effective flux-based models would improve the predictive characteristics of the models. While much of the current information has been obtained using high O(3) exposures, future research results derived from laboratory biochemical experiments that use short but elevated O(3) exposures should be combined with experimental results that use ambient-type exposures over longer periods of time. It is anticipated that improved understanding will come from future research focused on diurnal variability in plant defense mechanisms and their relationship to the diurnal variability in ambient O(3) concentration and stomatal conductance. This should result in more reliable O(3) exposure standards and critical levels. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lefohn, Allen S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Heath, Robert L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Musselman, Robert C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lefohn, AS (reprint author), ASL & Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM heath@ucr.edu; alefohn@asl-associates.com; rmusselman@fs.fed.us NR 90 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 18 BP 2919 EP 2928 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 452BZ UT WOS:000266515900010 ER PT J AU Tatum, FM Tabatabai, LB Briggs, RE AF Tatum, Fred M. Tabatabai, Louisa B. Briggs, Robert E. TI Protection Against Fowl Cholera Conferred by Vaccination with Recombinant Pasteurella multocida Filamentous Hemagglutinin Peptides SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Pasteurella multocida; filamentous hemagglutinin; recombinant vaccine ID GENOME SEQUENCE; BORDETELLA; PROTEIN; IMMUNITY AB Three gene fragments, derived from Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059 (serotype A:3), encoding approximately the 5' one-third of fhaB2 were overexpressed individually in Escherichia coli. The recombinant peptides were purified, pooled, and administered to turkey poults to evaluate immunity. The results showed that turkeys immunized twice with the recombinant peptides were significantly protected against intranasal challenge with P. multocida strain P-1059. Vaccination elicited antibody responses, based on Western blotting, that were reactive with a wild-type P-1059 cellular product approximately 170 kDa in size and multiple high molecular weight products in culture supernatant. These antibodies did not react with cell or supernatant blots of a P-1059 fhaB2 isogenic mutant. Pasteurella multocida fhaB2 genes of a bovine strain (A:3) and an avian strain (F:3) are highly conserved as is the portion of P-1059 fhaB2 examined here (>99% identities). These findings suggest that broad cross-protection against this heterogeneous pathogen may be achievable through immunization with specific recombinant FHAB2 peptides. C1 [Tatum, Fred M.; Tabatabai, Louisa B.; Briggs, Robert E.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Resp Dis Livestock Unit, Natl Anim Dis Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Tatum, FM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Resp Dis Livestock Unit, Natl Anim Dis Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM fred.tatum@ars.usda.gov FU Biotechnology and Research Development Corporation, Peoria, IL FX This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Research Development Corporation, Peoria, IL. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 465NM UT WOS:000267594100004 PM 19630220 ER PT J AU Dusek, RJ Bortner, JB DeLiberto, TJ Hoskins, J Franson, JC Bales, BD Yparraguirre, D Swafford, SR Ip, HS AF Dusek, Robert J. Bortner, J. Bradley DeLiberto, Thomas J. Hoskins, Jenny Franson, J. Christian Bales, Bradley D. Yparraguirre, Dan Swafford, Seth R. Ip, Hon S. TI Surveillance for High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006-2007 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; HPAI; H5N1; surveillance; United States ID MIGRATORY BIRDS; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-AMERICA; H5N1 VIRUSES; A VIRUSES; WATERFOWL; DUCKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POULTRY; ECOLOGY AB In 2006 the U. S. Department of Agriculture, U. S. Department of Interior, and cooperating state fish and wildlife agencies began surveillance for high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States. This surveillance effort was highly integrated in California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, and western Montana, with collection of samples coordinated with state agencies. Sampling focused on live wild birds, hunter-killed waterfowl during state hunting seasons, and wild bird mortality events. Of 20,888 samples collected, 18,139 were from order Anseriformes (waterfowl) and 2010 were from order Charadriiformes (shorebirds), representing the two groups of birds regarded to be the primary reservoirs of avian influenza viruses. Although 83 birds were positive by H5 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), no HPAI H5N1 virus was found. Thirty-two virus isolates were obtained from the H5-positive samples, including low-pathogenicity H5 viruses identified as H5N2, H5N3, and H5N9. C1 [Dusek, Robert J.; Franson, J. Christian; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Bortner, J. Bradley; Hoskins, Jenny] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [DeLiberto, Thomas J.; Swafford, Seth R.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Bales, Bradley D.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Salem, OR 97303 USA. [Yparraguirre, Dan] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Dusek, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rdusek@usgs.gov OI Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 222 EP 230 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 465NM UT WOS:000267594100012 PM 19630228 ER PT J AU Spackman, E Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Swayne, DE Suarez, DL AF Spackman, Erica Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Swayne, David E. Suarez, David L. TI An Evaluation of Avian Influenza Diagnostic Methods with Domestic Duck Specimens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; waterfowl; domestic ducks; avian influenza monitoring; virus detection; antibody detection ID VIRUSES; PATHOGENICITY; H5 AB Monitoring of poultry, including domestic ducks, for avian influenza (AI) virus has increased considerably in recent years. However, the current methods validated for the diagnosis and detection of AI virus infection in chickens and turkeys have not been evaluated for performance with samples collected from domestic ducks. In order to ensure that methods for the detection of AI virus or AI virus antibody will perform acceptably well with these specimens, samples collected from domestic ducks experimentally infected with a U. S. origin low pathogenicity AI virus, A/Avian/NY/31588-3/00 (H5N2), were evaluated. Oropharyngeal (OP) and cloacal swabs were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days postinoculation (PI) for virus detection by virus isolation, which was considered the reference method, and real-time RT-PCR. In addition, two commercial antigen immunoassays were used to test swab material collected 2-7 days PI. Virus isolation and real-time RT-PCR performed similarly; however, the antigen immunoassays only detected virus during the peak of shed, 2-4 days PI, and both kits detected virus in fewer than half of the samples that were positive by virus isolation. Cloacal swabs yielded more positives than OP swabs with all virus detection tests. To evaluate AI virus antibody detection serum was collected from the ducks at 7, 14, and 21 days PI and was tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay, a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and homologous hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, which was used as the reference method. Results for the ELISA and HI assay were almost identical with serum collected at 7 and 14 days PI; however, by 21 days PI 100% of the samples were positive by HI assay and only 65% were positive by ELISA. At all time points AGID detected antibody in substantially fewer samples than either ELISA or HI assay. C1 [Spackman, Erica; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.; Swayne, David E.; Suarez, David L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Erica.Spackman@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6612-32000-048] FX We would like to thank Scott Lee, Joan Beck, Diane Smith, Chris Stephens, Kira Moresco, and James Doster for technical assistance with this work. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project # 6612-32000-048. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 276 EP 280 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 465NM UT WOS:000267594100020 PM 19630236 ER PT J AU Kaushik, VK Kavana, M Volz, JM Weldon, SC Hanrahan, S Xu, J Caplan, SL Hubbard, BK AF Kaushik, Virendar K. Kavana, Michael Volz, Jessica M. Weldon, Stephen C. Hanrahan, Susan Xu, Jian Caplan, Shari L. Hubbard, Brian K. TI Characterization of recombinant human acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2 steady-state kinetics SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; Malonyl-CoA; Steady-state kinetics ID COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE; BIOTIN-DEPENDENT ENZYMES; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; MALONYL-COA; 2 ISOFORMS; PYRUVATE-CARBOXYLASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CITRATE AB Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA, a key metabolite in the fatty acid synthetic and oxidation pathways. The present study describes the steady-state kinetic analysis of a purified recombinant human form of the enzyme, namely ACC2, using a novel LC/MS/MS assay to directly measure malonyl-CoA formation. Four dimensional matrices, in which bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)). ATP, acetyl-CoA, and citrate were varied, and global data fitting to appropriate steady-state equations were used to generate kinetic constants. Product inhibition studies support the notion that the enzyme proceeds through a hybrid (two-site) random Ter Ter mechanism, one that likely involves a two-step reaction at the biotin carboxylase domain. Citrate, a known activator of animal forms of ACC, activates both by increasing k(cat) and k(cat)/K(M) for ATP and acetyl-CoA. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaushik, Virendar K.; Kavana, Michael; Volz, Jessica M.; Weldon, Stephen C.; Hanrahan, Susan; Xu, Jian; Caplan, Shari L.; Hubbard, Brian K.] Novartis Inst BioMed Res Inc, Cardiovasc & Metab Dis Area, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kaushik, Virendar K.; Hubbard, Brian K.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kaushik, VK (reprint author), Novartis Inst BioMed Res Inc, Cardiovasc & Metab Dis Area, 100 Technol Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM virendar.kaushik@novartis.com NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD JUN PY 2009 VL 1794 IS 6 BP 961 EP 967 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.02.004 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 450GA UT WOS:000266387800012 PM 19236960 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, Eric W. TI Benefits and limitations of factitious prey and artificial diets on life parameters of predatory beetles, bugs, and lacewings: a mini-review SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Review DE Augmentation; Biological control; Greenhouse; Production; Quality; Rearing ID MEAT-BASED DIET; PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS HETEROPTERA; PERILLUS-BIOCULATUS HETEROPTERA; KUEHNIELLA ZELLER LEPIDOPTERA; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS HEMIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS; MACROLOPHUS-CALIGINOSUS; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; DICYPHUS-TAMANINII AB The primary peer-reviewed literature pertaining to rearing of predatory beetles, true bugs, and lacewings was reviewed and synthesized. This study focused on the literature published from 1998 to 2007. Advances in rearing were revealed in relation to the influence of factitious prey and artificial diets on predator life parameters. Eggs of the Angoumois grain moth and Mediterranean flour moth were factitious prey that supported the development and reproduction of many species in lieu of natural prey. Artificial diets based on vertebrate protein were generally inferior to factitious prey for production of predators. A few exceptional cases demonstrated potential for continuous rearing of true bugs and lacewings on artificial diet, as a stand-alone food source. Factors that could ensure progressive rearing success might involve (1) exploiting the highly polyphagous nature of certain species, (2) exposing predators to artificial diet for multiple generations to incite adaptation, (3) formulating artificial diets to match the texture and chemical composition of preferred natural prey, and (4) encasing the diet within Parafilm(A (R)) to resemble the shape of natural prey. Encasement may also reduce desiccation and retard spoilage of the diet. Identification of other factitious prey and development of artificial diets that ensure production of predators of high quality should be possible. This review was conducted, for the most part, in support of generalist insect predators used, or having the potential to be used, in augmentative biological control of pests on plants in semi-closed systems, such as greenhouses and interiorscapes. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM eric.riddick@ars.usda.gov OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 83 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 EI 1573-8248 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP 325 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s10526-008-9171-z PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 442HC UT WOS:000265831300001 ER PT J AU Hagler, J AF Hagler, James TI Comparative studies of predation among feral, commercially-purchased, and laboratory-reared predators SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Predation; Hippodamia convergens; Geocoris punctipes; Bemisia argentifolii; Pectinophora gossypiella; Quality control; Augmentative/inundative biological control; Feeding behavior ID PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS; HIPPODAMIA-CONVERGENS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ARTIFICIAL DIET; GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; NATURAL ENEMIES; LADY BEETLE; FRUIT-FLY; HETEROPTERA AB The predatory activities of commercially-purchased adult Hippodamia convergens Gu,rin-M,neville and two laboratory-reared strains of adult Geocoris punctipes (Say) were compared with their feral counterparts. In single prey choice feeding tests, commercially-purchased and feral H. convergens were provided copious amounts of silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring adults or eggs of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). Commercially-purchased H. convergens devoured more pink bollworm eggs and at a faster rate than the feral H. convergens. In contrast, feral H. convergens consumed more adult whiteflies and at a faster rate than commercial H. convergens. In multiple feeding choice tests, two distinctly different laboratory-reared strains and feral G. punctipes were provided a cotton leaf disk containing copious amounts of silverleaf whitefly eggs, nymphs, and adults. Virtually no predation was observed on whitefly eggs, but both laboratory strains of G. punctipes fed on more whitefly nymphs and adults than the feral G. punctipes. Moreover, both of the laboratory strains had a significantly faster feeding rate on adult whiteflies and spent significantly less time feeding on plant tissue than the feral strain. These results suggest that the augmentative biological control candidates retained their ability to prey on these selected prey items, even after being displaced from their overwintering site (H. convergens) or being reared in captivity (G. punctipes) for over 40 generations. C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Hagler, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. EM james.hagler@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD JUN PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s10526-008-9173-x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 442HC UT WOS:000265831300003 ER PT J AU Xin, ZG Wang, ML Burow, G Burke, J AF Xin, Zhanguo Wang, Ming Li Burow, Gloria Burke, John TI An Induced Sorghum Mutant Population Suitable for Bioenergy Research SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biofuel production; BTx623; EMS; Mutagenesis; Mutant population; Sorghum ID ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; BICOLOR L. MOENCH; CHEMICALLY-INDUCED MUTATIONS; MAIZE; RFLP; RICE; ASSOCIATION; RESOURCES; YIELD; SSR AB The sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] inbred line BTx623 has served as a parent for development of several mapping populations, also providing a source for the generation of DNA libraries for physical mapping, and as the inbred line selected for sorghum genome sequencing. Since genetic mapping, physical mapping and genome sequencing are all based on the same inbred line, these genetic resources have made the genome study of sorghum very efficient. However, in comparison with other model species, there is one important genetic resource still missing in the sorghum research community, a mutant population. A systematically annotated mutant population will facilitate many avenues of research, especially those focusing on functional genomics and bioenergy research. Here we report the generation of a sorghum mutant population derived from the inbred line BTx623 by treatment with the chemical agent ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). The mutant population consists of 1,600 pedigreed M-3 families; each of them was derived from an independent M-1 seed. Many lines displayed traits such as brown midrib (bmr), erect leaves (erl), multiple tillers (mtl), and late flowering (lfl), characteristics useful for bioenergy research. Results from our phenotyping and genotyping studies indicate that this mutant population will be a valuable and useful genetic resource for both sorghum functional genomics and bioenergy research. C1 [Xin, Zhanguo; Burow, Gloria; Burke, John] ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Wang, Ming Li] ARS, PGRCU, USDA, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Xin, ZG (reprint author), ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, USDA, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM Zhanguo.Xin@ars.usda.gov; MingLi.Wang@ars.usda.gov; Gloria.Burow@ars.usda.gov; John.Burke@ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s12155-008-9029-3 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607GR UT WOS:000278487600002 ER PT J AU Tesfaye, M Yang, SS Lamb, JFS Jung, HJG Samac, DA Vance, CP Gronwald, JW VandenBosch, KA AF Tesfaye, Mesfin Yang, S. Samuel Lamb, JoAnn F. S. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Samac, Deborah A. Vance, Carroll P. Gronwald, John W. VandenBosch, Kathryn A. TI Medicago truncatula as a Model for Dicot Cell Wall Development SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Medicago truncatula; Alfalfa; Transcript analysis; Genomics; Stems ID ARABIDOPSIS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GENE FAMILY; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS; ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEINS; ANCHORED PROTEIN; SECONDARY GROWTH; WOOD FORMATION; TENSION WOOD; DATA SETS; EXPRESSION AB We have initiated a genome-wide transcript profiling study using the model legume Medicago truncatula to identify putative genes related to cell wall biosynthesis and regulatory function in legumes. We used the GeneChip (R) Medicago Genome Array to compare transcript abundance in elongating versus postelongation stem internode segments of two M. truncatula accessions and two Medicago sativa (alfalfa) clones with contrasting stem cell wall concentration and composition. Hundreds of differentially expressed probe sets between elongating and postelongation stem segments showed similar patterns of gene expression in the model legume and cultivated alfalfa. Differentially expressed genes included genes with putative functions associated with primary and secondary cell wall biosynthesis and growth. Mining of public microarray data for coexpressed genes with two marker genes for secondary cell wall synthesis identified additional candidate secondary cell wall-related genes. Coexpressed genes included protein kinases, transcription factors, and unclassified groups that were not previously reported with secondary cell wall-associated genes. M. truncatula has been recognized as an excellent model plant for legume genomics. The stem tissue transcriptome analysis, described here, indicates that M. truncatula has utility as a model plant for cell wall genomics in legumes in general and shows excellent potential for translating gene discoveries to its close relative, cultivated alfalfa, in particular. The natural variation for stem cell wall traits in Medicago may offer a new tool to study an expanded repertoire of valuable agronomic traits in related species, including woody dicots in the eurosid I clade. C1 [Tesfaye, Mesfin; VandenBosch, Kathryn A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Yang, S. Samuel; Lamb, JoAnn F. S.; Jung, Hans-Joachim G.; Samac, Deborah A.; Vance, Carroll P.; Gronwald, John W.] ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP VandenBosch, KA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, 250 Biosci Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Vande102@umn.edu NR 70 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9034-1 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607GR UT WOS:000278487600007 ER PT J AU An, SS Mentler, A Acosta-Martinez, V Blum, WEH AF An, Shao-shan Mentler, Axel Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Blum, Winfried E. H. TI Soil microbial parameters and stability of soil aggregate fractions under different grassland communities on the Loess Plateau, China SO BIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biohydrology 2009 International Conference CY SEP 21-24, 2009 CL Bratislava, SLOVAKIA DE enzyme activities; grassland revegetation; soil microbial biomass C(Cmic); soil microbial biomass N(Nmic); soil aggregate fractions and stability; Loess Plateau of China ID EXTRACTION METHOD; ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOMASS-C; FUMIGATION; COMPLEXITY; QUALITY AB Over-grazing and large-scale monocultures on the Loess plateau in China have caused serious soil erosion by water and wind. Grassland revegetation has been reported as one of the most effective counter measures. Therefore, we investigated soil aggregation, aggregate stability and soil microbial activities as key parameters for soil remediation through grassland revegetation. The results showed that soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and microbial biomass nitrogen (Nmic) increased under revegetated grass communities compared to cropland and overgrazed pastures and were higher in surface layers (0-10 cm) than in the subsurface (10-20 cm). Although there are variations between the four investigated grassland communities, their values were 10 to 50 times higher in comparison to the cropland and overgrazed pastures, similar to the increase in soil enzyme activities, such as beta-glucosidase and beta-glucosaminidase. Soil aggregate stability (SAS) showed clear differences between the different land uses with two main soil aggregate fractions measured by ultra sound: < 63 mu m and 100-250 mu m, with approximately 70% and 10% of the total soil volume respectively. We also found positive correlations between SAS and soil microbial parameters, such as Cmic, Nmic, and soil enzyme activities. From this, we concluded that revegetation of eroded soils by grasses accelerates soil rehabilitation. C1 [An, Shao-shan; Mentler, Axel; Blum, Winfried E. H.] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Dept Forest & Soil Sci, Inst Soil Sci, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [An, Shao-shan] NW A&F Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [An, Shao-shan] NW A&F Univ, Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Acosta-Martinez, Veronica] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Blum, WEH (reprint author), Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Dept Forest & Soil Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Peter Jordan Str 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. EM winfried.blum@boku.ac.at NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0006-3088 J9 BIOLOGIA JI Biologia PD JUN PY 2009 VL 64 IS 3 BP 424 EP 427 DI 10.2478/s11756-009-0112-9 PG 4 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 443VV UT WOS:000265939800003 ER PT J AU Espinoza, JC Infante, F Castillo, A Perez, J Nieto, G Pinson, EP Vega, FE AF Espinoza, Julio C. Infante, Francisco Castillo, Alfredo Perez, Jeanneth Nieto, Guadalupe Pinson, Erika P. Vega, Fernando E. TI The biology of Phymastichus coffea LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) under field conditions SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Hypothenemus; Coffee berry borer; Life-history; Biological control; Mexico; Phymastichus ID HYPOTHENEMUS-HAMPEI COLEOPTERA; BERRY BORER COLEOPTERA; BETHYLID WASPS; SCOLYTIDAE; ATTACKING; MEXICO; TETRASTICHINAE AB The coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) was accidentally introduced into Mexico, in 1978, and rapidly became the main pest of coffee. As an exotic pest, its management has been mainly based on biological control methods through the introduction of parasitoids from Africa. In this context, at the beginning of the present decade, the parasitoid Phymastichus coffea LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was imported to Mexico. Since then, several studies have been carried out as part of the post introduction evaluation of this parasitoid. In this paper. information concerning the parasitism and life-cycle of A coffea in coffee farms is presented with the objective of providing information that elucidates its role as a biological control agent. A coffea showed highly significant preferences for allocation of two eggs per host, usually one female and one male. Both offspring are able to develop and reach the adult stage successfully. Lifespan of adults is 2-3 days only. The degree of parasitism by P. coffea was more than 95% at the three altitudes tested, when releases consisted of a ratio of 10 CBB:1 parasitoid. The median survivorship of CBB parasitized by this wasp was 13, 15 and 19 days at the low, medium and high altitude coffee zones, respectively. The parasitism by P. coffea was higher when parasitoid releases were carried out simultaneously with the CBB, and decreased with the time between host and parasitoid releases. We showed that using P. coffea at a density of 1 parasitoid per 10 hosts resulted in a 3- to 5.6-fold decrease in CBB damage to the coffee seeds when compared to the control. The importance and value of these results are discussed in terms of the use of P. coffea as a biological control agent of the CBB in Latin America. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Espinoza, Julio C.; Infante, Francisco; Castillo, Alfredo; Perez, Jeanneth; Nieto, Guadalupe] El Colegio Frontera ECOSUR, Dept Entomol, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. [Pinson, Erika P.] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Fac Ciencias Agr, Huehuetan 30660, Chiapas, Mexico. [Vega, Fernando E.] Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Infante, F (reprint author), El Colegio Frontera ECOSUR, Dept Entomol, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2-5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. EM finfante@ecosur.mx RI Trejo, Yesenia/D-9257-2012; Alfredo, Castillo/B-5491-2016; OI Alfredo, Castillo/0000-0003-1452-0026; Infante, Francisco/0000-0002-7419-7606; Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 FU El Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) of Mexico [37335-B]; US Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service [58-1275-2-F068] FX We are very grateful to the owners of coffee farms were we performed our experiments for the facilities offered and kind support, Special thanks go to javier Valle-Mora for statistical advice and Jose Higinio Lopez for the map. We would like to express our gratitude to the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for valuable suggestions to improve it. This research was financially supported by El Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) of Mexico, through research grant 37335-B, and by US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-1275-2-F068. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.01.021 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 443BR UT WOS:000265885700005 ER PT J AU Olson, DM Cortesero, AM Rains, GC Potter, T Lewis, WJ AF Olson, D. M. Cortesero, A. M. Rains, G. C. Potter, T. Lewis, W. Joe TI Nitrogen and water affect direct and indirect plant systemic induced defense in cotton SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum; Microplitis croceipes; Heliocoverpa zea; Spodoptera exigua; Nitrogen; Water stress; Direct and indirect induced plant defense; Volatiles; Anti-feedants ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES CRESSON; 2 LARVAL PARASITOIDS; AIRBORNE SEMIOCHEMICALS; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; ABIOTIC FACTORS; HOST-LOCATION; VOLATILES; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; RESISTANCE AB Plants have direct and indirect constitutively produced and inducible defenses against herbivores and pathogens, which can substantially aid in their ability to defend themselves. However, very little is known about the influence of agronomic factors on such defenses. Here, we tested the effects of nitrogen levels and water availability on the ability of cotton plants to deter feeding by Spodoptera exigua through induction of anti-feedants, and to attract Microplitis croceipes through systemic induction of volatile emission. Cotton plants were grown with various nitrogen levels and were either exposed to water stress or normal water before being exposed to S. exigua for 48 h for induction of defenses. Dual choices of various nitrogen and water treatments were provided to M. croceipes in flight tunnel bioassays. Dual choices of leaf tissue from the various nitrogen and water treatments were provided to S. exigua larvae. Both water stress and nitrogen levels under and over the recommended levels increased leaf tissue consumption and decreased attraction of M. croceipes to the plants. Analyses of induced volatiles released from herbivore damaged plants indicate that their concentrations differ among the nitrogen levels tested with plants receiving no nitrogen or twice the recommended dose having amounts much lower than plants receiving the recommended dose. Because both direct and indirect plant defense mechanisms are negatively affected by improper nitrogen and insufficient water, we argue that these factors should be considered for a better natural control of pests in cotton and most probably in other crops. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Olson, D. M.; Lewis, W. Joe] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Cortesero, A. M.] Univ Rennes 1, Lab Ecobiol Insectes Parasitoides, Rennes, France. [Rains, G. C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Potter, T.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Olson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, 2747 Davis Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dawn.olson@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.02.011 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 443BR UT WOS:000265885700007 ER PT J AU Jaramillo, J Chabi-Olaye, A Borgemeister, C Kamonjo, C Poehling, HM Vega, FE AF Jaramillo, Juliana Chabi-Olaye, Adenirin Borgemeister, Christian Kamonjo, Charles Poehling, Hans-Michael Vega, Fernando E. TI Where to sample? Ecological implications of sampling strata in determining abundance and impact of natural enemies of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Hyopthenemus hampei; Coffee berry borer; Coffee; Biological control; Parasitoid; Prorops nasuta; Aphanogmus; Hyperparasitoid; Cultural control; IPM ID PROROPS-NASUTA HYMENOPTERA; CEPHALONOMIA-STEPHANODERIS; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; INSECT GLADIATORS; BETHYLID WASPS; PARASITOIDS; MEXICO; CONSERVATION; ATTACKING AB Several parasitoids of African origin have been introduced to coffee producing areas of the Americas and Asia as biological control agents of the coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). These parasitoids have become established in the field but their effect on the CBB has been limited. A two-year field study in Western Kenya has found Prorops nasuta (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) to be the predominant parasitoid emerging from CBB-infested coffee berries collected on coffee trees or from the ground. P. nasuta comprises more than 75% of the total natural enemies collected. The density of A nasuta was 90% higher in the berries collected from the ground than from the trees. Its hyperparasitoid, Aphanogmus sp. (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae), also emerged from both type of berries. Across the two seasons, the average A nasuta density per berry was 18-35 times higher than that of Aphanogmus sp. Throughout the two years sampled, significantly higher numbers of P. nasuta and Aphanogmus sp. occurred between February and March, which coincides with the beginning of the rainy season. Higher numbers of live CBB females were recorded in berries collected from the trees. Nevertheless, mortality of adult CBB was considerably higher from January to March and started to decrease from April onwards. The possibly negative effects of cultural control practices in Latin America which include the removal of berries fallen to the ground on biological control of CBB are discussed, and the use of screened collection devices for these berries which would permit the release of parasitoids but prevent escape of the pest is proposed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jaramillo, Juliana; Poehling, Hans-Michael] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Plant Dis & Plant Protect, D-30419 Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany. [Jaramillo, Juliana; Chabi-Olaye, Adenirin; Borgemeister, Christian; Kamonjo, Charles] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Vega, Fernando E.] Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jaramillo, J (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Plant Dis & Plant Protect, Herrenhauser Str 2, D-30419 Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany. EM jjaramillo@icipe.org OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 FU German Research Foundation - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) FX We are grateful to Prof. Helmut van Emden (University of Reading) and Dr. Sunday Ekesi (icipe) for very helpful suggestions to the manuscript. We thank Mr. Abel 0. Mainya from Kisii Coffee Demonstration for kindly providing the coffee berries and for his help during the sampling period. Our most sincere thanks to Geoffrey White, Michael W. Gates, Matthew Buffington, Robert Kula and Allen L. Norrbom at the Systematic Entomology Laboratory (USDA, ARS) for identifying specimens. This research was funded by the German Research Foundation - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). NR 49 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.12.007 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 443BR UT WOS:000265885700008 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, DM AF Blumenthal, Dana Michael TI Carbon addition interacts with water availability to reduce invasive forb establishment in a semi-arid grassland SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Centaurea diffusa (diffuse knapweed); Gypsophila paniculata (baby's breath); Linaria dalmatica (Dalmatian toadflax); Mixedgrass prairie; Nitrogen limitation; Reverse fertilization; Sugar addition; Water; Weed invasion ID TRIDENTATA SSP WYOMINGENSIS; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; PRAIRIE RESTORATION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SOIL-NITROGEN; CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; OLD-FIELD; PLANTS; VEGETATION AB Increases in nitrogen (N) availability can favor fast-growing invasive species over slow-growing native species. One way to reduce N availability is to add labile carbon (C) to the soil, which can lead to microbial immobilization of plant available N. This method has been used, with widely varying degrees of success, to both study and control plant invasions. One reason that C addition might not work as expected is that N is not always the limiting resource for plant growth. For example, if plant growth is limited by water, changes in N availability might have little effect on invasion. Here I ask whether effects of C addition on N availability, resident plant biomass, and invasion depend on water availability in semi-arid mixedgrass prairie. Six invasive species were seeded into plots treated with a factorial combination of water (ambient or added) and N (+C, control or +N). Carbon addition reduced capture of mineral N by resin probes (by an average of 73%), and reduced biomass of resident species (from 336 g m(-2) to 203 g m(-2)), both with and without added water. In contrast, because there was little invasion in ambient-water plots, C addition reduced invasion only in added-water plots. Given added water, C addition reduced biomass of Centaurea diffusa by 95%, and prevented invasion by Gypsophila paniculata and Linaria dalmatica. Mechanisms by which C addition reduced invasion varied by species, with added C reducing the growth of individual C. diffusa plants, but reducing numbers of G. paniculata and L. dalmatica individuals. C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Blumenthal, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dana.blumenthal@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1281 EP 1290 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9332-0 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448CC UT WOS:000266238700007 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Ross, S AF Uthus, Eric O. Ross, Sharon TI Dietary Selenium (Se) and Copper (Cu) Interact to Affect Homocysteine Metabolism in Rats SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Copper ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; DEFICIENT RATS; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; DECREASES PLASMA; FISHER-344 RATS; METHIONINE; LIVER; CYSTEINE; CHICK AB Previously, we reported that both Se deficiency and Cu deficiency decreased plasma homocysteine (pHcys) and increased plasma glutathione (pGSH) in rats. We also showed that the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, was upregulated in Se and Cu deficiencies. We suggested that in both deficiencies, Hcys was being shunted through the trans-sulfuration pathway as a result of this up-regulation. Because both Se and Cu deficiencies have similar effects, we hypothesized that a combined deficiency would exacerbate the decrease in pHcys and the increase in pGSH by further up-regulating Gclc. In a 2 x 2 experiment, male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8-20/group) were fed an amino-acid-based diet containing either 0 or 0.2 A mu g Se (as selenite)/g and < 1 or 6 A mu g Cu (as Cu carbonate)/g for 5 weeks. Our findings show that a combined deficiency of both Se and Cu results in lower pHcys and significantly elevated pGSH. However, the up-regulation of liver Gclc alone cannot explain why rats fed with the doubly deficient diet have the lowest pHcys and the highest pGSH. C1 [Uthus, Eric O.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Ross, Sharon] NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM eric.uthus@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s12011-008-8295-4 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 448MJ UT WOS:000266266400025 PM 19104759 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, Forrest H. TI Marginal Zinc Deficiency Increases Magnesium Retention and Impairs Calcium Utilization in Rats SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zinc; Copper; Magnesium; Calcium; Phosphorus; Oxidative stress ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; COPPER DEFICIENCY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DIETARY; OXIDASE; MICE AB An experiment with rats was conducted to determine whether magnesium retention is increased and calcium utilization is altered by a marginal zinc deficiency and whether increased oxidative stress induced by a marginal copper deficiency exacerbated responses to a marginal zinc deficiency. Weanling rats were assigned to six groups of ten with dietary treatment variables of low zinc (5 mg/kg for 2 weeks and 8 mg/kg for 7 weeks), low copper (1.5 mg/kg), adequate zinc (15 mg/kg), and adequate copper (6 mg/kg). Two groups of rats were fed the adequate-zinc diet with low or adequate copper and pair-fed with corresponding rats fed the low-zinc diet. When compared to the pair-fed rats, marginal zinc deficiency significantly decreased the urinary excretion of magnesium and calcium, increased the concentrations of magnesium and calcium in the tibia, increased the concentration of magnesium in the kidney, and increased the urinary excretion of helical peptide (bone breakdown product). Marginal copper deficiency decreased extracellular superoxide dismutase and glutathione, which suggests increased oxidative stress. None of the variables responding to the marginal zinc deficiency were significantly altered by the marginal copper deficiency. The findings in the present experiment suggest that increased magnesium retention and impaired calcium utilization are indicators of marginal zinc deficiency. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N,Stop 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM forrest.nielsen@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 128 IS 3 BP 220 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s12011-008-8268-7 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 444UU UT WOS:000266006700003 PM 19002387 ER PT J AU Rich, JO Budde, CL McConeghey, LD Cotterill, IC Mozhaev, VV Singh, SB Goetz, MA Zhao, A Michels, PC Khmelnitsky, YL AF Rich, Joseph O. Budde, Cheryl L. McConeghey, Luke D. Cotterill, Ian C. Mozhaev, Vadim V. Singh, Sheo B. Goetz, Michael A. Zhao, Annie Michels, Peter C. Khmelnitsky, Yuri L. TI Application of combinatorial biocatalysis for a unique ring expansion of dihydroxymethylzearalenone SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Combinatorial biocatalysis; Enzymatic synthesis; Enzymatic derivatization; Drugs ID PEROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS; HYPOTHEMYCIN; LACTONES AB Combinatorial biocatalysis was applied to generate a diverse set of dihydroxymethylzearalenone analogs with modified ring structure. In one representative chemoenzymatic reaction sequence, dihydroxymethylzearalenone was first subjected to a unique enzyme-catalyzed oxidative ring opening reaction that creates two new carboxylic groups on the molecule. These groups served as reaction sites for further derivatization involving biocatalytic ring closure reactions with structurally diverse bifunctional reagents, including different diols and diamines. As a result, a library of cyclic bislactones and bislactams was created, with modified ring structures covering chemical space and structure activity relationships unattainable by conventional synthetic means. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rich, Joseph O.; Budde, Cheryl L.; McConeghey, Luke D.; Cotterill, Ian C.; Mozhaev, Vadim V.; Michels, Peter C.; Khmelnitsky, Yuri L.] AMRI, Dept Metab & Biotransformat, Albany, NY 12212 USA. [Singh, Sheo B.; Goetz, Michael A.; Zhao, Annie] Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. RP Rich, JO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM joseph.rich@ars.usda.gov; yuri.khmelnitsky@amriglobal.com NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 11 BP 3059 EP 3062 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.005 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 444LG UT WOS:000265981900036 PM 19394221 ER PT J AU Kinne, M Poraj-Kobielska, M Aranda, E Ullrich, R Hammel, KE Scheibner, K Hofrichter, M AF Kinne, Matthias Poraj-Kobielska, Marzena Aranda, Elisabet Ullrich, Rene Hammel, Kenneth E. Scheibner, Katrin Hofrichter, Martin TI Regioselective preparation of 5-hydroxypropranolol and 4 '-hydroxydiclofenac with a fungal peroxygenase SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Peroxidase; Peroxygenase; Oxygenase; Cytochrome P450; Hydroxylation; 5-Hydroxypropranolol; Propranolol; 4 '-Hydroxydiclofenac; Diclofenac; Ascorbic acid ID AGROCYBE-AEGERITA; PROPRANOLOL; METABOLITES; P450 AB An extracellular peroxygenase of Agrocybe aegerita catalyzed the H(2)O(2)-dependent hydroxylation of the multi-function beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol (1-naphthalen-1-yloxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol) and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (2-[2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl) amino]phenyl]acetic acid) to give the human drug metabolites 5-hydroxypropranolol (5-OHP) and 4'-hydroxydiclofenac (4'-OHD). The reactions proceeded regioselectively with high isomeric purity and gave the desired 5-OHP and 4'-OHD in yields up to 20% and 65%, respectively. (18)O-labeling experiments showed that the phenolic hydroxyl groups in 5-OHP and 4'-OHD originated from H(2)O(2), which establishes that the reaction is mechanistically a peroxygenation. Our results raise the possibility that fungal peroxygenases may be useful for versatile, cost-effective, and scalable syntheses of drug metabolites. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kinne, Matthias; Poraj-Kobielska, Marzena; Aranda, Elisabet; Ullrich, Rene; Hofrichter, Martin] Int Grad Sch Zittau, Unit Environm Biotechnol, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. [Hammel, Kenneth E.] USDA Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Scheibner, Katrin] Univ Appl Sci Lausitz, D-01968 Senftenberg, Germany. RP Kinne, M (reprint author), Int Grad Sch Zittau, Unit Environm Biotechnol, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. EM kinne@ihi-zittau.de RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; Aranda, Elisabet/J-7430-2012 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; Aranda, Elisabet/0000-0001-5915-2445 FU Konrad Adenauer Foundation; Fulbright Foundation; Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt [13225-32] FX We thank Ulrike Schneider and Monika Brandt for technical assistance, and Martin Kluge (Inge) and Christiane Liers for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (M.K.), the Fulbright Foundation (K.E.H.) and the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (M. H. and K. S., Project Number 13225-32). NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 11 BP 3085 EP 3087 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.015 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 444LG UT WOS:000265981900042 PM 19394224 ER PT J AU Compton, DL Laszlo, JA AF Compton, David L. Laszlo, Joseph A. TI 1,3-Diferuloyl-sn-glycerol from the biocatalytic transesterification of ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid (ethyl ferulate) and soybean oil SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Diferuloyl glycerol; Ethyl ferulate; Novozym 435; Soybean oil; Sunscreen; Transesterification ID LIPASE-CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION; FERULOYLATED MONOACYL-GLYCEROLS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; DIACYLGLYCEROL; ESTERIFICATION; DERIVATIVES; SYSTEM; ESTERS; LIPIDS AB 1,3-Diferuloyl-sn-glycerol is found ubiquitously throughout the plant kingdom, possessing ultraviolet adsorbing and antioxidant properties. Diferuloyl glycerol was synthesized and isolated as a byproduct in up to 5% yield from a pilot plant scale packed-bed, biocatalytic transesterification of ethyl ferulate with soybean oil or mono- and diacylglycerols from soybean oil. The yield of the diferuloyl glycerol byproduct was directly proportional to the overall water concentration of the bioreactor. The isolated diferuloyl glycerol exhibited good ultraviolet adsorbing properties, 280-360 nm with a lambda(max) 322 nm, and compared well to the efficacy of commercial sunscreen active ingredients. The antioxidant capacity of diferuloyl glycerol (0.25-2.5 mM) was determined by its ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and was comparable to that of ferulic acid. At current pilot plant scale production capacity, 120 kg diferuloyl glycerol byproduct could be isolated per year. C1 [Compton, David L.; Laszlo, Joseph A.] ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Compton, DL (reprint author), ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM david.compton@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 31 IS 6 BP 889 EP 896 DI 10.1007/s10529-009-9952-1 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 446ZG UT WOS:000266160800017 PM 19238329 ER PT J AU Cao, JJ Gregoire, BR Gao, HW AF Cao, Jay J. Gregoire, Brian R. Gao, Hongwei TI High-fat diet decreases cancellous bone mass but has no effect on cortical bone mass in the tibia in mice SO BONE LA English DT Article DE Bone; Fat; Obesity; Micro CT; Bone marrow stromal/osteoblastic cells ID EARLY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MINERAL DENSITY; INDUCED OBESITY; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BODY-COMPOSITION; C57BL/6J MOUSE; GROWTH-FACTOR; SUCROSE DIET; HORMONE AB Body mass has a positive effect on bone health. Whether mass derived from an obesity condition or excessive fat accumulation is beneficial to bone has not been established; neither have the mechanisms by which obesity affects bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of obesity on bone structure and osteoblastic expression of key markets involved in bone formation and resorption in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Six-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice (n = 21) were assigned to two groups and fed either a control (10 kcal% energy as fat) or high-fat diet (HFD, 45 kcal% energy as fat) for 14 weeks. Bone marrow stromal/osteoblastic cells (BMSC) were cultured. Osteoprogenitor activity [alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positive colonies] and mineralization (calcium nodule formation) were determined. Gene expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Bone structure of proximal and midshaft tibia was evaluated by micro-computed tomography. Mice fed the HFD were 31% heavier (P<0.01) than those fed the control diet. There were more ALP positive colony forming units at d 14 and calcium nodules at d 28 of culture by BMSC from HFD mice than from control mice (P<0.01). Receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) mRNA levels and the ratio of RANKL to osteoprotegerin expression in HFD animals was higher (P<0.01) than in control diet animals. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase levels were higher in HFD fed mice when compared to control diet fed mice (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in tibial fat-free weight, length, and cortical parameters of midshaft between the two groups. Compared with control mice, tibial trabecular bone volume was reduced, and trabecular separation was increased in HFD mice. Trabecular number was lower (P<0.05) and connectivity density tended to be less (P=0.07) in HFD mice than in control mice. In conclusion, our data indicate that obesity induced by a high-fat diet decreases cancellous bone mass but has no effect on cortical bone mass in the tibia in mice. (C) Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cao, Jay J.; Gregoire, Brian R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Gao, Hongwei] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Expt Therapeut & Reperfus Injury, Dept Anesthesia Perioperat & Pain Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gao, Hongwei] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Cao, JJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jay.Cao@ars.usda.gov; Brian.Gregoire@ars.usda.gov; hgao@zeus.bwh.harvard.edu NR 48 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1097 EP 1104 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2009.02.017 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 449RM UT WOS:000266347700011 PM 19264159 ER PT J AU Smith, WK Germino, MJ Johnson, DM Reinhardt, K AF Smith, William K. Germino, Matthew J. Johnson, Daniel M. Reinhardt, Keith TI The Altitude of Alpine Treeline: A Bellwether of Climate Change Effects SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE Treeline; Timberline; Ecotone; Seedling; Facilitation; Climate ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PHOTOINHIBITION; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; ABIES-LASIOCARPA SEEDLINGS; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GROWTH-LIMITATION; WATER RELATIONS; PINUS-CEMBRA; THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; CROWN ARCHITECTURE AB Because of the characteristically low temperatures and ambient CO2 concentrations associated with greater altitudes, mountain forests may be particularly sensitive to global warming and increased atmospheric CO2. Moreover, the upper treeline is probably the most stressful location within these forests, possibly providing an early bellwether of forest response. Most treeline studies of the past century, as well as recently, have correlated temperatures with the altitudinal limits observed for treelines. In contrast, investigations on pre-establishment seedlings, the most vulnerable life stage of most tree species, are rare. There appears to be specific microclimatic factors dictated by wind and sky exposure that limit seedling survival, and also generate the distorted tree forms commonly observed at treeline. Seedling survival appears critical for creating the biological facilitation of microclimate at the community level which is necessary for the growth of seedlings to normal tree stature, forming new subalpine forest at a higher altitude. C1 [Smith, William K.; Reinhardt, Keith] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Johnson, Daniel M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Smith, WK (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM smithwk@wfu.edu RI Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011; Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013; Reinhardt, Keith/N-9080-2013 OI Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147; FU National Science Foundation FX The authors thank the National Science Foundation for financial support to WKS and MJG; the USDA Forest Service for field work assistance in the Medicine Bow Mountains of southeast Wyoming, USA, and Dr. Maia Akhalkatsi and Otar Abdaladze of the Georgia Institute of Botany, Kazbegi Research Station, Kazbegi, Georgia (FSU) for field assistance in the Caucasus Mountains, Republic of Georgia. NR 146 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 80 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 EI 1874-9372 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 75 IS 2 BP 163 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s12229-009-9030-3 PG 28 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 451RO UT WOS:000266487800001 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Santana, B Halling, RE AF Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz Halling, Roy E. TI A new species of Leccinum (Basidiomycota, Boletales) from Belize SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE Boletaceae; Central America; ectomycorrhizal fungi; taxonomy AB Leccinum viscosum is described, illustrated, and compared with similar taxa. Morphological characters indicate that this taxon represents a new species. C1 [Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Halling, Roy E.] New York Bot Garden, Inst Systemat Bot, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. RP Ortiz-Santana, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM bortizsantana@fs.fed.us; rhalling@nybg.org FU National Science Foundation [DEB0103621, DEB-9972018, DEB-0414665] FX The collection of specimens was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, Biodiversity Surveys and Inventories Program to the Research Foundation of the State University of New York, College at Cortland (DEB0103621), in collaboration with the USDAForest Service. The junior author is grateful for funding from the National Science Foundation in grants DEB-9972018 and DEB-0414665. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 2 BP 172 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s12228-008-9067-3 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 453XO UT WOS:000266646400008 ER PT J AU Lei, Z Liu, TX Greenberg, SM AF Lei, Z. Liu, T. -X. Greenberg, S. M. TI Feeding, oviposition and survival of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Bt and non-Bt cottons SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE leafminer; feeding; oviposition; survival; emergence; Bt cotton ID MOMORDICA-CHARANTIA; CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; MATURE STAGE; SWEET-PEPPER; TRANSGENIC COTTON; LEAFMINER; DETERRENT; BOLLWORM; PLANTS; LEPIDOPTERA AB The effects of Bt transgenic cottons (Bt-I expressing cry1Ac and Bt-II expressing cry1Ab and cry2Ab or cry1Ab and cry1Fa) and non-Bt cottons on feeding, oviposition and longevity of adults, and development and survival of Liriomyza trifolii larvae were studied under laboratory conditions; and infestation on four Bt and two non-Bt cotton traits were investigated under field conditions. Laboratory choice and no-choice tests showed that L. trifolii adults were capable of distinguishing between Bt cottons and non-Bt cottons. In a choice test on younger plants (4-5 leaves), the adults were found more often and made more feeding punctures (FP) on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons. On older plants (8-9 leaves), adults made the most FP on non-Bt cotton followed by those on Bt-II cottons and the least on Bt-I cotton. The females oviposited more eggs (6.7 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (1.7 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (0.8 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and oviposited similar numbers of eggs (0.7-1.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. hi a no-choice test, the females also fed more FP on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons on both younger and older plants. The females oviposited more eggs (15.6 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (8.2 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (6.5 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and similar numbers of eggs (2.5-3.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. Larval and puparial survivals were not different among Bt and non-Bt cottons. The occurrence and damage of leafminers on cottons in the field showed that L. trifolii infested more plants and leaves and had more mines on non-Bt cotton than on Bt cottons. C1 [Lei, Z.; Liu, T. -X.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Entomol, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Lei, Z.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Greenberg, S. M.] ARS, BIRU KSARC SPA, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Entomol, 2415 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM tx-liu@tamu.edu FU National 973 Project [2002CB119000]; National 11th Five-years Project of China [2006BAD08A17] FX We thank J. Martinez, Y.M. Zhang and L. Li (Texas AgriLife Research) and J. Alejandro, J. Caballero, L. Leal and J. Yarrito (KSARC-ARS-USDA) for technical assistance. This article was submitted for publication with the approval of the Center Director of Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Weslaco, Texas A&M University System and the Head of the Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. This research is also partially funded by the National 973 Project (Grant no. 2002CB119000) and the National 11th Five-years Project (2006BAD08A17) of China. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 EI 1475-2670 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 99 IS 3 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1017/S0007485308006317 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 459JU UT WOS:000267098800004 PM 18840315 ER PT J AU Castle, SJ Prabhaker, N Henneberry, TJ Toscano, NC AF Castle, S. J. Prabhaker, N. Henneberry, T. J. Toscano, N. C. TI Host plant influence on susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to insecticides SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioassay; resistance monitoring; crop effect; insect-plant interactions ID SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; DETOXIFYING ENZYMES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT; MONITORING TOLERANCE; FALL ARMYWORM; INDUCTION; ALLELOCHEMICALS; CALIFORNIA; COTTON AB A resistance monitoring program conducted for the polyphagous whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), in Imperial Valley, CA, USA generated a large set of LC(50)s for adults collected from broccoli, cantaloupe and cotton crops over a four-year period. A vial bioassay and, subsequently, a yellow-sticky card bioassay produced similar temporal profiles of relative susceptibilities to the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin. Both bioassays revealed that whiteflies collected from broccoli were significantly less susceptible to bifenthrin compared to the other two crops. A similar finding was observed for endosulfan and the mixture of bifenthrin + endosulfan in the yellow-sticky card bioassay. The possibility that seasonal differences contributed to the observed differences in susceptibility provided the impetus to conduct a reciprocal transfer experiment using broccoli (or kale) and cantaloupe grown simultaneously in the field and greenhouse. Whitefly adults collected from an organic farm over three consecutive weeks had significantly higher LC(50)S on kale than those collected the same day on cantaloupe. After culturing in the greenhouse on broccoli or cantaloupe and testing again, LC(50)s remained significantly higher on broccoli after one week and again at the F, generation. In contrast, whiteflies originating on kale in the field and transferred to cantaloupes in the greenhouse had significantly reduced LQ(50)s at the F, generation. When tested against the bifenthrin + endosulfan mixture, significantly higher LC(50)s were generated for whiteflies reared on broccoli in the greenhouse at one week and the F, compared to the field source from cantaloupes. The consistently higher LC50S for whiteflies on broccoli and other Brassica spp. crops, compared to cantaloupes or cotton, point to statistically significant host-plant influences that are expressed in both field-collected and greenhouse-reared populations of whiteflies. C1 [Castle, S. J.; Henneberry, T. J.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Prabhaker, N.; Toscano, N. C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Castle, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. EM steven.castle@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 99 IS 3 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1017/S0007485308006329 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 459JU UT WOS:000267098800005 PM 18947452 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Lizotte, RE Kroger, R AF Moore, Matthew T. Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Kroger, Robert TI Efficiency of Experimental Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Fields in Mitigating Diazinon Runoff Toxicity to Hyalella azteca SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Organophosphate toxicity; Hyalella azteca ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; PESTICIDE AB This study assessed the viability of using planted, mature rice fields in mitigating diazinon (an organophosphate insecticide) runoff toxicity using aqueous 48 h Hyalella azteca whole effluent toxicity bioassays. Rice fields decreased diazinon concentrations 80.1%-99.9% compared with 10.8% in the unvegetated field control. H. azteca survival responses coincided with observed diazinon concentrations. Estimated LC50 effects dilutions (%) ranged from 1.15 to 1.47 for inflow samples and 1.66 (unvegetated), 6.44 (rice field A), and > 100 (rice field B) outflow samples. Decreases in inflow versus outflow aqueous toxicity were 77.1%-100% in rice fields compared with 18.7% in the unvegetated field. C1 [Moore, Matthew T.; Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Kroger, Robert] Univ Mississippi, Field Stn, Ctr Water & Wetland Resources, Abbeville, MS 38601 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM matt.moore@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 82 IS 6 BP 777 EP 780 DI 10.1007/s00128-009-9696-6 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 428FE UT WOS:000264832600026 PM 19290453 ER PT J AU Valentine, HT Affleck, DLR Gregoire, TG AF Valentine, Harry T. Affleck, David L. R. Gregoire, Timothy G. TI Systematic sampling of discrete and continuous populations: sample selection and the choice of estimator SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Review AB Systematic sampling is easy, efficient, and widely used, though it is not generally recognized that a systematic sample may be drawn from the population of interest with or without restrictions on randomization. The restrictions or the lack of them determine which estimators are unbiased, when using the sampling design as the basis for inference. We describe the selection of a systematic sample, with and without restriction, from populations of discrete elements and from linear and areal continuums (continuous populations). We also provide unbiased estimators for both restricted and unrestricted selection. When the population size is known at the outset, systematic sampling with unrestricted selection is most likely the best choice. Restricted selection affords estimation of attribute totals for a population when the population size - for example, the area of an areal continuum - is unknown. Ratio estimation, however, is most likely a more precise option when the selection is restricted and the population size becomes known at the end of the sampling. There is no difference between restricted and unrestricted selection if the sampling interval or grid tessellates the frame in such a way that all samples contain an equal number of measurements. Moreover, all the estimators are unbiased and identical in this situation. C1 [Valentine, Harry T.] US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Affleck, David L. R.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Gregoire, Timothy G.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Valentine, HT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM hvalentine@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1068 DI 10.1139/X09-019 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 469EU UT WOS:000267879300001 ER PT J AU Erickson, HE Harrington, CA Marshall, DD AF Erickson, Heather E. Harrington, Constance A. Marshall, David D. TI Tree growth at stand and individual scales in two dual-species mixture experiments in southern Washington State, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WESTERN HEMLOCK; MIXED STANDS; PLANTATIONS; COMPETITION; EUCALYPTUS; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN; OREGON AB Planting with mixtures of tree species rather than single species is often considered during reforestation because of the potential increased productivity and other benefits. We examined tree growth at the stand and individual tree scales in two experiments contrasting monocultures with a 1:1 mixture of tree species: (1) Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) with a conifer of similar shade tolerance (western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don)) and (2) Douglas-fir with a more shade-tolerant conifer (western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.)). There was no effect of mixture on growth or yield in the Douglas-fir - western white pine combination. In the Douglas-fir - western hemlock combination, yields in the mixture equaled those in Douglas-fir stands because of the enhanced performance of Douglas-fir in the mixture. For Douglas-fir, the height/diameter (h/d) ratio was significantly less in mixture, suggesting reduced competition for light when grown with western hemlock. In contrast, the h/d ratio for western hemlock was significantly greater in mixture, suggesting increased competition for light when grown with Douglas-fir. Neighborhood analyses showed that tree growth was directly related to initial size and inversely related to relative neighbor size and that the h/d ratio was positively related to relative neighbor size. In general, the size of a neighboring tree influenced growth more than species identity. Relationships between h/d ratios and growth rates suggest that growth differences between Douglas-fir and western hemlock in mixture will eventually increase. C1 [Erickson, Heather E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Harrington, Constance A.; Marshall, David D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Erickson, HE (reprint author), Weyerhaeuser Co WTC 1A5, POB 9777, Federal Way, WA 98063 USA. EM ericksonheather@yahoo.com RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1119 EP 1132 DI 10.1139/X09-040 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 469EU UT WOS:000267879300006 ER PT J AU Adams, AS Currie, CR Cardoza, Y Klepzig, KD Raffa, KF AF Adams, A. S. Currie, C. R. Cardoza, Y. Klepzig, K. D. Raffa, K. F. TI Effects of symbiotic bacteria and tree chemistry on the growth and reproduction of bark beetle fungal symbionts SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; LODGEPOLE PINE; OPHIOSTOMA-CLAVIGERUM; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; VOLATILE METABOLITES; MYCANGIAL FUNGI; ORAL SECRETIONS; RED PINE; SCOLYTIDAE AB Bark beetles are associated with diverse assemblages of microorganisms, many of which affect their interactions with host plants and natural enemies. We tested how bacterial associates of three bark beetles with various types of host relationships affect growth and reproduction of their symbiotic fungi. Fungi were exposed to volatiles from bacteria in an arena that imposed physical separation but shared airspace. We also exposed fungi to vapors of the host compound, a-pinene, and to combinations of bacterial volatiles and a-pinene. Bacterial volatiles commonly stimulated growth of Leptographium procerum (W.B. Kendr.) M.J. Wingf. and Grosmannia clavigera (Rob.-Jeffr. & R.W. Davidson) Zipfel, Z.W. de Beer & Wingf., which are symbiotic fungi of Dendroctonus valens LeConte and Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, respectively. They less commonly stimulated growth of Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf., which is associated with Ips grandicollis Eichhoff. Some bacteria inhibited L. procerum, Ophiostoma montium (Rumbold) von Arx (another associate of D. ponderosae), and O. ips. Bacteria greatly stimulated spore production of symbionts of D. valens and D. ponderosae. a-Pinene strongly affected some of these relationships, causing amplification, reduction, or reversal of the interactions among the bacteria and fungi. Our results show that some bacteria associated with bark beetles directly affect fungal symbionts and interact with tree chemistry to affect fungal growth and sporulation. The strongest effects were induced by bacteria associated with beetles adapted to attacking living trees with vigorous defenses, and on fungal reproductive structures. C1 [Adams, A. S.; Raffa, K. F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Currie, C. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cardoza, Y.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Klepzig, K. D.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Adams, AS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, 237 Russell Labs, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM asadams@entomology.wisc.edu FU USDA National Research Initiative [2003-3502-13528]; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station; National Science Foundation [DEB0314215, MCB07020255] FX We thank J. Smith (University Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin) for assistance in the laboratory, S. Adams (University Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin) for sequencing several microbes, and D. Young (University Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin) for training with the Automontage software. We thank K. Bleiker for providing fungal cultures from D. ponderosae. This manuscript was improved by helpful suggestions and comments of two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor, C. Prescott. This research was supported by funding from the USDA National Research Initiative (2003-3502-13528), USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, and the National Science Foundation (DEB0314215 and MCB07020255). NR 50 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 29 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1133 EP 1147 DI 10.1139/X09-034 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 469EU UT WOS:000267879300007 ER PT J AU Busse, MD Cochran, PH Hopkins, WE Johnson, WH Riegel, GM Fiddler, GO Ratcliff, AW Shestak, CJ AF Busse, Matt D. Cochran, P. H. Hopkins, William E. Johnson, William H. Riegel, Gregg M. Fiddler, Gary O. Ratcliff, Alice W. Shestak, Carol J. TI Developing resilient ponderosa pine forests with mechanical thinning and prescribed fire in central Oregon's pumice region SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; VOLCANIC ASH SOILS; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; STAND STRUCTURE; SIERRA-NEVADA; DRY FORESTS; GROWTH AB Thinning and prescribed burning are common management practices for reducing fuel buildup in ponderosa pine forests. However, it is not well understood if their combined use is required to lower wildfire risk and to help restore natural ecological function. We compared 16 treatment combinations of thinning, prescribed fire, and slash retention for two decades across a site quality gradient of second-growth pine stands, measuring changes in forest vegetation growth, structure, and composition. Thinning alone doubled the diameter growth increment of ponderosa pine, moderately stimulated shrub production, and resulted in lower tree mortality compared with unthinned plots. In contrast, repeated fire alone did not substantially alter stand structure or increase tree vigor, herbaceous production, or plant diversity. The combined use of thinning and repeated burning reduced shrub cover, yet produced no changes in herbaceous production, plant diversity, stand structure, or tree vigor compared with thin-only treatments. Additional findings identified (1) inconsequential effects of thinning residues on site productivity, (2) the need for multiple entries of prescribed fire if the abatement of shrubs is required, (3) the ineffectiveness of repeated burning to stimulate plant growth, and (4) that the thinning treatment served as an effective surrogate to fire for managing central Oregon forest vegetation. C1 [Busse, Matt D.; Fiddler, Gary O.; Ratcliff, Alice W.; Shestak, Carol J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Cochran, P. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Bend, OR 97001 USA. [Hopkins, William E.; Riegel, Gregg M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Reg Ecol Program, Bend, OR 97001 USA. RP Busse, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM mbusse@fs.fed.us FU Bend LTSP FX We are grateful to the staff of the Deschutes National Forest and the Pacific Northwest Research Station for their support of the Bend LTSP study. In particular, we express our gratitude to Johanna Booser for her dedicated effort in keeping the study vital to the needs of central Oregon land managers. We thank Dick Newman, Larry Carpenter, Don Jones, and countless others for their technical support, and we thank Bob Powers and Jim Baldwin for their constructive advice during the writing of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1171 EP 1185 DI 10.1139/X09-044 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 469EU UT WOS:000267879300010 ER PT J AU Rothrock, MJ Cook, KL Bolster, CH AF Rothrock, Michael J., Jr. Cook, Kimberly L. Bolster, Carl H. TI Comparative quantification of Campylobacter jejuni from environmental samples using traditional and molecular biological techniques SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; quantitative real-time PCR; selective plate counts; Escherichia coli ID REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; WATER; SURVIVAL; SPP.; PATHOGENS; SEWAGE; ASSAY; DNA AB Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in the world. Given the potential risks to human, animal, and environmental health, the development and optimization of methods to quantify this important pathogen in environmental samples is essential. Two of the most commonly used methods for quantifying C jejuni are selective plate counting and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Unfortunately, little comparative research has been performed to evaluate the accuracy of these methods for quantification of C. jejuni in aqueous and solid matricies. In this study, the limit of detection and the level of resolution obtained using these 2 methods was evaluated for C. jejuni and compared with that of the common indicator organism Escherichia coli. The use of selective plate count media for quantification of C jejuni resulted in a 0.7-1.2 log underestimation of cell concentrations, compared with qPCR in both water and column leachate samples, whereas E. coli concentrations were found to be similar with either technique. For C jejuni, only the qPCR assay accurately measured 2-fold changes in cell concentrations in water samples, whereas concentrations of E. coli were accurately measured regardless of method. Based on these data, qPCR assays were found to be more accurate than selective plate counts for quantification of C. jejuni from environmental samples. C1 [Rothrock, Michael J., Jr.; Cook, Kimberly L.; Bolster, Carl H.] USDA ARS, AWMRU, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Rothrock, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, CPSWPRC, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM michael.rothrock@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS National Program 206 FX We would like to thank J. Sorrell, R. Parekh, and T. Mack (USDA-ARS, AWMRU) for their technical assistance. This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 206. Manure and By-product Utilization. Mention of a trademark or product anywhere in this paper is to describe experimental procedures and does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 6 BP 633 EP 641 DI 10.1139/W09-006 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 481ZM UT WOS:000268852800001 PM 19767832 ER PT J AU Hawkins, TS Skojac, DA Lockhart, BR Leininger, TD Devall, MS Schiff, NM AF Hawkins, Tracy S. Skojac, Daniel A., Jr. Lockhart, Brian R. Leininger, Theodor D. Devall, Margaret S. Schiff, Nathan M. TI Bottomland Forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley Associated with the Endangered Lindera melissifolia SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article ID PONDBERRY; ECOLOGY; BLUME AB Forest canopy and subcanopy data were collected from and compared among five disjunct bottomland hardwood forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, each with known occurrence of a population of the federally endangered shrub Lindera melissifolia. All study sites are cut-over forests, underlain by hydric soils, and have a seasonal high water table. Canopy and subcanopy species are similar among sites, but species differ in relative importance, and flood tolerant tree species exceed that of flood intolerant species. Distribution of L. melissifolia colonies within each study site was not associated with mean tree density or d.b.h. Forest composition and structure at each study site reflect hydrologic regime, topography, historical disturbance, and an absence of recent disturbance. Results of this study provide a quantitative description of bottomland forests that currently sustain L. melissifolia populations. This information may be utilized for development of forest management plans aimed at ensuring continued sustainability of existing L. melissifolia populations and assessing other bottomland hardwood forests for potential reintroduction of this endangered species. C1 [Hawkins, Tracy S.; Skojac, Daniel A., Jr.; Lockhart, Brian R.; Leininger, Theodor D.; Devall, Margaret S.; Schiff, Nathan M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hawkins, TS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM tracyhawkins@fs.fed.us FU Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission; Missouri Department of Conservation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors thank Rolando Saavedra, Tim Huggins, Ben Maddox, and Theran Stautz for help with data collection, Greg Comer for map construction, Robert Zachary (Arkansas Game and Fish Commission), Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, Missouri Department of Conservation, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for allowing research to be conducted at the study sites, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for underwriting the cost of this research, and Drs. Charles Bryson, Emile Gardiner, and Steve Meadows for review of an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD JUN PY 2009 VL 74 IS 2 BP 105 EP 113 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 483IK UT WOS:000268957300002 ER PT J AU Brown, DA Venegas, B Cooke, PH English, V Chong, PLG AF Brown, Desmond A. Venegas, Berenice Cooke, Peter H. English, Verrica Chong, Parkson Lee-Gau TI Bipolar tetraether archaeosomes exhibit unusual stability against autoclaving as studied by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE Autoclaving; Archaea; Lipids; Membranes; Electron microscopy; Dynamic light scattering; Fluorescence ID SULFOLOBUS-ACIDOCALDARIUS; LIPID-MEMBRANES; HEAT STERILIZATION; ETHER LIPIDS; LIPOSOMES; ARCHAEBACTERIA; PERMEABILITY; FLUORESCENCE; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES AB The stability of liposomes made of the polar lipid fraction E (PLFE) isolated from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius against autoclaving has been studied by using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. PLFE lipids have structures distinctly different from those derived from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. PLFE lipids are bipolar tetraether molecules and may contain tip to four cyclopentane rings in each of the two dibiphytanyl chains. In the pH range 4-10, PLFE-based archaeosomes, with and without polyethyleneglycol- and maleimide-lipids, are able to retain vesicle size, size distribution, and morphology through at least six autoclaving cycles. The cell growth temperature (65 degrees C vs. 78 degrees C), hence the number of cyclopentane rings in the hydrocarbon chains, does not affect this general conclusion. By contrast, at the same pH range, most conventional liposomes made of monopolar diester lipids and cholesterol or pegylated lipids cannot withhold vesicle size and size distribution against just one cycle of autoclaving. At pH < 4, the particle size and polydispersity of PLFE-based archaeosomes increase with autoclaving cycles, suggesting that aggregation or membrane disruption may have occurred at extreme acidic conditions during heat sterilization. Under high salt conditions, dye leakage from PLFE archaeosomes due to autoclaving is significantly less than that from pegylated liposomes composed of conventional lipids. The ability to maintain vesicle integrity after multiple autoclaving cycles indicates the potential usefulness of utilizing PLFE-based archaeosomes as autoclavable and durable drug (including genes, peptides, vaccines, siRNA) delivery vehicles. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Desmond A.; Venegas, Berenice; English, Verrica; Chong, Parkson Lee-Gau] Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. [Cooke, Peter H.] Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Chong, PLG (reprint author), Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. EM pchong02@temple.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0706410]; US Army Research Office [DAAD19-02-1-0077] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (DMR-0706410) and US Army Research Office (DAAD19-02-1-0077). We are grateful to Dr. Chris du Plessis at BHP Billiton for providing hGDNT. NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD JUN PY 2009 VL 159 IS 2 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.03.004 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 463WV UT WOS:000267465200006 PM 19477316 ER PT J AU Brown, JD Stallknecht, DE Berghaus, RD Luttrell, MP Velek, K Kistler, W Costa, T Yabsley, MJ Swayne, D AF Brown, Justin D. Stallknecht, David E. Berghaus, Roy D. Luttrell, M. Page Velek, Katherine Kistler, Whitney Costa, Taiana Yabsley, Michael J. Swayne, David TI Evaluation of a Commercial Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Detect Avian Influenza Virus Antibodies in Multiple Experimentally Infected Avian Species SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID H5N1; PATHOGENICITY; DUCKS; GULLS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIRDS AB Wild birds of the orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes are the natural reservoirs for avian influenza (AI) viruses. Traditionally, AI virus surveillance in wild birds has relied on virus identification strategies, including virus isolation and detection. To evaluate the accuracy of a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) and the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for detection of antibodies in wild birds, which is indicative of AI virus infection, we tested 281 serum samples from various wild avian species that were experimentally infected with AI viruses. Included in these samples were 178 samples from birds with confirmed AI virus infections (122 infected with low-pathogenic AI [LPAI] viruses and 56 infected with highly pathogenic AI [HPAI] viruses) and 103 samples from birds that were uninfected, negative controls. The sensitivities of the bELISA and the AGID test were 0.820 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.756 to 0.874) and 0.674 (95% CI, 0.600 to 0.742), respectively. Both tests had an estimated specificity of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.965 to 1.00). The bELISA was significantly more sensitive than the AGID test for both LPAI virus-and HPAI virus-infected birds. Both assays, however, had a higher sensitivity for birds infected with HPAI virus than for birds infected with LPAI virus. These results demonstrate the potential utility of the bELISA for detection of antibodies to both LPAI and HPAI viruses in multiple avian species, representing five avian orders and 17 genera. Additional studies are warranted to further evaluate the utility of the bELISA for use with naturally infected birds. C1 [Brown, Justin D.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Velek, Katherine] IDEXX Labs, Westbrook, ME 04092 USA. [Kistler, Whitney; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Swayne, David] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jubrown1@uga.edu FU ARS [661232000-048-00D]; Specific Cooperative Agreement [58-6612-2-0220]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [HHSN266200700007C] FX Funding for this work was provided by ARS CRIS project 661232000-048-00D and Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6612-2-0220 between the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory and the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study. Additionally, this work was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, under contract no. HHSN266200700007C. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 824 EP 829 DI 10.1128/CVI.00084-09 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 453UR UT WOS:000266638900007 PM 19386796 ER PT J AU Toka, FN Nfon, CK Dawson, H Golde, WT AF Toka, Felix N. Nfon, Charles K. Dawson, Harry Golde, William T. TI Accessory-Cell-Mediated Activation of Porcine NK Cells by Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR8 Agonists SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; IFN-GAMMA PRODUCTION; DENDRITIC CELLS; HUMAN MACROPHAGES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTERFERON-ALPHA; ACUTE INFECTION; CHAIN-B; EXPRESSION AB The induction of innate immune responses by toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists is the subject of intense investigation. In large part, this reflects the potential of such compounds to be effective vaccine adjuvants. For that reason, we analyzed the activation of innate cells in swine by TLR7 and TLR8 agonists. These agonists activated porcine NK cells by increasing gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) expression and perforin storage. The activation of porcine NK cells was mediated by accessory cells, since their depletion resulted in reduced cytotoxicity toward target cells. Accessory cells were stimulated to produce interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-15, IL-18, and IFN-alpha after treatment with TLR7 or TLR8 agonists. Neutralization of these cytokines reduced but did not completely inhibit the induction of NK cell cytotoxicity. Direct stimulation of NK cells with TLR7 or TLR8 agonists resulted in minimal cytotoxicity but levels of IFN-gamma equivalent to those detected in the presence of accessory cells. Porcine NK cells express both TLR7 and TLR8 mRNAs, and treatment with these TLR agonists induced higher mRNA expression levels of TRAIL and IL-15R alpha, which may contribute to the activity of NK cells. These data indicate that TLR7 and TLR8 agonists indirectly or directly activate porcine NK cells but that optimum levels of activation require cytokine secretion by accessory cells activated by these compounds. Interestingly, NK cells activated by TLR7 or TLR8 agonists were cytotoxic against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-infected cells in vitro, indicating that these TLR agonists may be beneficial as adjuvants to stimulate the innate immunity against FMDV. C1 [Toka, Felix N.; Nfon, Charles K.; Golde, William T.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Toka, Felix N.] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, Fac Vet Med, Dept Preclin Sci, Warsaw, Poland. [Dawson, Harry] USDA ARS, Beltsville Area Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM william.golde@ars.usda.gov RI Toka, Felix/C-4853-2011; Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 EI 1556-679X J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 866 EP 878 DI 10.1128/CVI.00035-09 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 453UR UT WOS:000266638900013 PM 19369481 ER PT J AU Homme, MB Maleki, SJ Jortani, SA AF Homme, M. Bon Maleki, S. J. Jortani, S. A. TI Convergence of Lateral Flow, ELISA and Western-Blot Techniques in Detection of Soluble Peanut Proteins SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 [Homme, M. Bon; Jortani, S. A.] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Maleki, S. J.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 6 BP A266 EP A266 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 456ZZ UT WOS:000266895401404 ER PT J AU Buckner, JS Pitts-Singer, TL Guedot, C Hagen, MM Fatland, CL Kemp, WP AF Buckner, James S. Pitts-Singer, Theresa L. Guedot, Christelle Hagen, Marcia M. Fatland, Charlotte L. Kemp, William P. TI Cuticular lipids of female solitary bees, Osmia lignaria Say and Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alfalfa leafcutting bee; n-Alkanes; Blue orchard bee; Mono-alkenes; Wax esters ID NEST RECOGNITION; SOCIAL WASP; HYDROCARBONS; BIOCHEMISTRY; PHEROMONE; BEHAVIOR; ALKENES; CUES AB The cuticular lipids of the cavity-nesting adult female solitary bees, Osmia lignaria Say and Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and combined GC-mass spectrometry. The cuticular lipids of these female bees are mainly consisted of hydrocarbons. For O. lignaria, nearly 64% of the cuticular lipids were C(25)-C(31) mono-alkenes. For M. rotundata, 48% of the cuticular lipids were C(23)-C(33) alkanes with nearly the same quantities of the same chain-length mono-alkenes (45%). For the mono-alkenes of O. lignaria, 14 mono-alkene constituents were identified, with two of these, 9-heptacosene and 7-nonacosene, comprising 67% of the total alkene distribution. For M. rotundata females, the mixtures of mono-alkenes were more complex with 26 constituents identified and quantified. For the M. rotundata mono-alkenes, 57% of the total composition consisted of the three alkenes, 7-pentacosene, 9-pentacosene and 7-heptacosene. For both bee species, small quantities Of C(40)-C(48) wax esters were also characterized with the major components possessing a C(18) mono-unsaturated fatty acid (9-octadecenoate) moiety esterified to even-carbon number (C(22-30)) fatty alcohols. The possible role of these cuticular lipids as nest recognition chemicals is discussed in light of nesting behavior of managed crop pollinators. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Buckner, James S.; Hagen, Marcia M.; Fatland, Charlotte L.; Kemp, William P.] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Pitts-Singer, Theresa L.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insect Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Guedot, Christelle] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Buckner, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM james.buckner@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 153 IS 2 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.02.018 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 493UW UT WOS:000269764800010 PM 19298863 ER PT J AU McKinion, JM Jenkins, JN Willers, JL Zumanis, A AF McKinion, J. M. Jenkins, J. N. Willers, J. L. Zumanis, A. TI Spatially variable insecticide applications for early season control of cotton insect pests SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Multispectral; Imaging; Spatially variable; Automation; Insecticide; WLAN; Wireless; Network AB Our research has shown that cotton insect pests, specifically tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae) can be controlled early season in commercial cotton fields in Mississippi, USA, using spatially variable insecticide applications. Technology was developed for using GIS-based map scouting and a technique called the line-intercept method for obtaining low-level insect population counts in both rapidly growing areas of cotton and poorer growing areas. Using these population characteristics in combination with heuristic knowledge of the cotton fields and with the GIS maps, a spatially sensitive map could then be developed that could drive a spatially variable insecticide application for the control of the insect pest. We outline the steps needed to develop an automated technology for overcoming the time-sensitive events for early season control of cotton pests. This technology not only includes software systems for processing multispectral images to spatially variable insecticide application maps for spray controllers in the field but also high-speed wireless local area network (WLAN) technology for automated delivery of these controller application maps and for acquisition of as-applied and harvest maps from the field. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McKinion, J. M.; Jenkins, J. N.; Willers, J. L.] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Zumanis, A.] Leica Geosyst, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP McKinion, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM james.mckinion@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUN-JUL PY 2009 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2009.03.004 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 455JT UT WOS:000266756100010 ER PT J AU Syphard, AD Radeloff, VC Hawbaker, TJ Stewart, SI AF Syphard, Alexandra D. Radeloff, Volker C. Hawbaker, Todd J. Stewart, Susan I. TI Conservation Threats Due to Human-Caused Increases in Fire Frequency in Mediterranean-Climate Ecosystems SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire; land cover; Mediterranean; MODIS; population density; remote sensing; cobertura de suelo; densidad poblacional; fuego; Mediterraneo; MODIS; percepcion remota ID BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; MODIS; REGIMES; LANDSCAPE; DISTURBANCE; PRIORITIES; IMPACTS AB Periodic wildfire is an important natural process in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems, but increasing fire recurrence threatens the fragile ecology of these regions. Because most fires are human-caused, we investigated how human population patterns affect fire frequency. Prior research in California suggests the relationship between population density and fire frequency is not linear. There are few human ignitions in areas with low population density, so fire frequency is low. As population density increases, human ignitions and fire frequency also increase, but beyond a density threshold, the relationship becomes negative as fuels become sparser and fire suppression resources are concentrated. We tested whether this hypothesis also applies to the other Mediterranean-climate ecosystems of the world. We used global satellite databases of population, fire activity, and land cover to evaluate the spatial relationship between humans and fire in the world's five Mediterranean-climate ecosystems. Both the mean and median population densities were consistently and substantially higher in areas with than without fire, but fire again peaked at intermediate population densities, which suggests that the spatial relationship is complex and nonlinear. Some land-cover types burned more frequently than expected, but no systematic differences were observed across the five regions. The consistent association between higher population densities and fire suggests that regardless of differences between land-cover types, natural fire regimes, or overall population, the presence of people in Mediterranean-climate regions strongly affects the frequency of fires; thus, population growth in areas now sparsely settled presents a conservation concern. Considering the sensitivity of plant species to repeated burning and the global conservation significance of Mediterranean-climate ecosystems, conservation planning needs to consider the human influence on fire frequency. Fine-scale spatial analysis of relationships between people and fire may help identify areas where increases in fire frequency will threaten ecologically valuable areas. C1 [Syphard, Alexandra D.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Hawbaker, Todd J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Syphard, AD (reprint author), Conservat Biol Inst, 7916 Deerfield St, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. EM asyphard@consbio.org RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station FX We gratefully thank the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station for supporting this research. Three anonymous reviewers and the assigning editor, B. McComb made valuable suggestions, which greatly strengthened our manuscript. NR 57 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 758 EP 769 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01223.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445SG UT WOS:000266071200031 PM 22748094 ER PT J AU Ghaffariyan, MR Durston, T Sobhani, H Mohadjer, MRM AF Ghaffariyan, Mohammad Reza Durston, Torn Sobhani, Hooshang Mohadjer, Mohammad Reza Marvi TI Mule Logging in Northern Forests of Iran: A Study of Productivity, Cost and Damage to Soil and Seedlings SO CROATIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE animal logging; production; wood hauling model; load volume; soil compaction; disturbed area AB Animal logging is one of the traditional logging systems in Iran, as in many other areas of the world. In this study, after determination of the work elements, a continuous time study method was used to develop hauling time prediction models for wood hauling by mule for firewood hauling with standard saddles, firewood hauling with special equipment, and pulpwood hauling. The elemental time prediction models are also presented in this paper. The firewood production outputs in billet hauling were 2.135 m(3)/h using standard saddles, and 3.275 m(3)/h using special equipment. Pulpwood hauling productivity was 1.246 m(3)/h. The contract costs for hauling firewood and pulpwood were 1.02 (sic)/m(3) and 1.28 (sic)/m(3), respectively. Soil disturbance was observed on 5.72% of the harvesting area, and the soil compaction in the studied skid trail increased by 14.14%. C1 [Ghaffariyan, Mohammad Reza] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci Vienna, Dept Forest & Soil Sci, Inst Forest Engn, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Durston, Torn] US Forest Serv, Sonora, CA 95370 USA. [Sobhani, Hooshang; Mohadjer, Mohammad Reza Marvi] Univ Tehran, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Foresty, Karaj, Iran. RP Ghaffariyan, MR (reprint author), Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci Vienna, Dept Forest & Soil Sci, Inst Forest Engn, Peter Jordan Str 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. EM ghafari901@yahoo.com; tdurston@fs.fed.us; sobhani@nrf.ut.ac.ir; mohadjer@nrf.ut.ac.ir NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROATION FORESTS PI ZAGREB PA FORESTRY FACULTY ZAGREB UNIV, PO BOX 422, ZAGREB, HR-10 002, CROATIA SN 1845-5719 J9 CROAT J FOR ENG JI Croat. J. For. Eng. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 488FS UT WOS:000269335200007 ER PT J AU Gottwald, T Graham, J Bock, C Bonn, G Civerolo, E Irey, M Leite, R McCollum, G Parker, P Ramallo, J Riley, T Schubert, T Stein, B Taylor, E AF Gottwald, T. Graham, J. Bock, C. Bonn, G. Civerolo, E. Irey, M. Leite, R. McCollum, G. Parker, P. Ramallo, J. Riley, T. Schubert, T. Stein, B. Taylor, E. TI The epidemiological significance of post-packinghouse survival of Xanthomonas citri subsp citri for dissemination of Asiatic citrus canker via infected fruit SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Fruit disease incidence; Disease spread; Bacterial survival; Disease dissemination; Market quality; Packing line disinfection; Cull pile; Lesion; Disease management ID AXONOPODIS-PV.-CITRI; DISPERSAL; SPRAY AB The risk of introduction of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) to new, unaffected citrus producing areas is a major concern for those citrus industries attempting to remain free of citrus canker. Citrus fruit, as a potential pathway for Xcc to enter and become established in these areas, are assumed to be a risk. However, there is little information relative to the potential of harvested fruit to act as all inoculum source. A multi-national research team was established to investigate the potential of bacterial Survival in infected citrus fruit lesions and as surface contaminants on symptom-free fruit, and to examine the potential of infected fruit as a viable inoculum source. Experiments were conducted in various locations in Florida and Argentina. Bacterial recovery and culture plating were problematic due to the presence of non-pathogenic bacteria with cultural characteristics that were difficult to distinguish from Xcc. Therefore, in all experiments, although culturing on semi-selective agar media Was used as all indication of overall bacterial populations, bioassays were conducted via needleless injection and infiltration of suspect bacterial suspensions into susceptible cv. Duncan grapefruit leaves. Inoculation Sites were Subsequently assessed for Symptoms of Citrus canker and lesions were individually enumerated to confirm the presence of Xcc. In commercial packing lines in Florida and northwest Argentina, prewashing the fruit to remove dirt and debris reduced Surface bacterial populations. As anticipated, recovery of Xcc from fruit Surfaces increased when active citrus canker lesions were present but total bacterial recovery decreased after processing, and bioassays demonstrated that the quantity of viable Xcc declined as fruit remained in cold storage, or as they aged oil the trees. Bioassays demonstrated that the highest incidence of Xcc from fruit after the packing line antimicrobial treatment occurred with symptomatic fruit (2.5-50.6 lesions leaf(-1)). and zero to very low levels with fruit from apparently healthy trees (0-1.74 lesions leaf(-1)). Furthermore, the proportion of injection-infiltration bioassay sites that developed lesions consistently decreased with time after processing in each of the three packing house studies, also showing that as fruit senesce and lesions age tile ability of fruit to generate or sustain Xcc bacteria was increasingly compromised. The packing line process reduced canker lesion activity by as much as 50% compared to unprocessed fruit. Xcc survived in wounds on mature fruit attached to the tree, but Xcc populations declined in wounds of processed or non-processed harvested fruit. Discarded canker-infected fruit in cull piles was ineffective as a source of inoculum for dispersal. Transmission from cull Piles of packing line-processed fruit to Surrounding trap plants, even less than 1 m away, did not occur under natural conditions. However, with severely infected piles of culled fruit subject to extreme simulated wind (25 m s(-1)) and rain conditions, only a single lesion. associated with leaf injury, developed on a trip plant immediately downwind of the cull pile, suggesting an exceedingly low risk of spread. Taken as a group, this series of experiments demonstrate that harvested and packinghouse-disinfested citrus fruit are extremely Unlikely to be a pathway for Xcc to reach and infect susceptible citrus and become established in canker-free areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gottwald, T.; Bock, C.; McCollum, G.; Taylor, E.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Graham, J.; Bock, C.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Bonn, G.; Schubert, T.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Civerolo, E.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Irey, M.] US Sugar Corp, So Gardens Citrus, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. [Leite, R.] IAPAR, Area Prot Plantas, CP 481, BR-86047902 Londrina, Brazil. [Parker, P.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Ramallo, J.] Estn Expt Agroind Obispo Colombres, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Riley, T.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Citrus Hlth Response Program, Orlando, FL 32824 USA. RP Gottwald, T (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM tim.gottwald@ars.usda.gov RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 6 BP 508 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2009.02.003 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 447LW UT WOS:000266193600007 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ AF Hunter, William J. TI Vadose Zone Microbial Biobarriers Remove Nitrate from Percolating Groundwater SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEPTIC-SYSTEM NITRATE; VEGETABLE-OIL; DENITRIFICATION; BARRIERS; WATER; EFFLUENT; SELENITE; CARBON; RATES; SOIL AB Microbial biobarriers are an established technique for cleansing contaminants from aquifers. This study evaluated their use under well-drained conditions within the vadose or unsaturated zone. Three sets of sand filled columns, the positive control, field-capacity, and sub-field-capacity groups, contained biobarriers formed by mixing sand with sawdust and soybean oil. The biobarriers were positioned 1 m from the top of the 145 cm columns. A fourth set of column, the negative control, contained no biobarrier. The positive control group's biobarriers were saturated while biobarriers in the other groups were allowed to drain. At intervals water containing 20 mg l(-1) NO(3)(-)-N was applied to the columns, the water was allowed to percolate through the columns, and the effluents were collected and analyzed. The biobarriers were highly effective at removing NO(3)(-). NO(3)(-)-N in the effluents from the field-capacity, sub-field-capacity, and positive control groups averaged 0.4 +/- 0.1, 0.6 +/- 0.1, and 0.8 +/- 0.1 mg l(-1), respectively, during the final weeks of the study while effluents from the negative control group averaged 17.9 +/- 0.4 mg l(-1). The barriers removed NO(3)(-) even when the water content was in the 20-40% pore filled space range. During the 12-week study the field-capacity barriers lost 5.6% of their organic content while those in the sub-field-capacity group lost no detectable organic matter indicating that the barriers contained sufficient substrate to last for several years. Vadose zone biobarriers could provide a useful means of protecting surface waters and aquifers from NO(3)(-). C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 58 IS 6 BP 622 EP 627 DI 10.1007/s00284-009-9380-4 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 458ND UT WOS:000267029800015 PM 19280261 ER PT J AU Jeffries, T Lindblad, P AF Jeffries, Thomas Lindblad, Peter TI We march backwards into the future SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jeffries, Thomas] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Jeffries, Thomas] Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Lindblad, Peter] Uppsala Univ, Dept Photochem & Mol Sci, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Jeffries, T (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM peter.lindblad@fotomol.uu.se RI Lindblad, Peter/D-1809-2009; OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 255 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.06.004 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 477NM UT WOS:000268525800001 PM 19560337 ER PT J AU Van Vleet, JH Jeffries, TW AF Van Vleet, J. H. Jeffries, T. W. TI Yeast metabolic engineering for hemicellulosic ethanol production SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RECOMBINANT SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NADP(+)-DEPENDENT XYLITOL DEHYDROGENASE; XYLOSE ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION; PICHIA-STIPITIS; COENZYME SPECIFICITY; HANSENULA-POLYMORPHA; CANDIDA-INTERMEDIA; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; S. CEREVISIAE; REDUCTASE AB Efficient fermentation of hemicellulosic sugars is critical for the bioconversion of lignocellulosics to ethanol. Efficient sugar uptake through the heterologous expression of yeast and fungal xylose/glucose transporters can improve fermentation if other metabolic steps are not rate limiting. Rectification of cofactor imbalances through heterologous expression of fungal xylose isomerase or modification of cofactor requirements in the yeast oxidoreductase pathway can reduce xylitol production while increasing ethanol yields, but these changes often occur at the expense of xylose utilization rates. Genetic engineering and evolutionary adaptation to increase glycolytic flux coupled with transcriptomic and proteomic studies have identified targets for further modification, as have genomic and metabolic engineering studies in native xylose fermenting yeasts. C1 [Jeffries, T. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 50 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 50 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.06.001 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 477NM UT WOS:000268525800008 PM 19545992 ER PT J AU Baxter, I AF Baxter, Ivan TI Ionomics: studying the social network of mineral nutrients SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NATURAL VARIATION; PLANTS; IRON; ASSOCIATION; HOMEOSTASIS; GROWTH; SYSTEM; RICE; CAX1 AB The accumulation of a given element is a complex process controlled by a network of gene products critical for uptake, binding, transportation, and sequestration. Many of these genes and physiological processes affect more than one element. Therefore, to understand how elements are regulated, it is necessary to measure as many of the elements contained in a cell, tissue, or organism (the ionome) as possible. The elements that share components of their network vary depending on the species and genotype of the plants that are studied and environment they are grown in. Several recent papers describe high-throughput elemental profiling studies of how the ionome responds to the environment or explores the genetics that control the ionome. When combined with new genotyping technologies, ionomics provides a rapid way to identify genes that control elemental accumulation in plants. C1 [Baxter, Ivan] Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Baxter, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO USA. EM ibaxter@purdue.edu RI Baxter, Ivan/A-1052-2009 OI Baxter, Ivan/0000-0001-6680-1722 FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of General Medicine [1101 GN4078536-O1A1]; National Science Foundation Arabidopsis 2010 Program [1013 0419695]; Plant Genome Research Program [DBI 0701119]; Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund [912010479] FX The author was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medicine (1101 GN4078536-O1A1), the National Science Foundation Arabidopsis 2010 Program (1013 0419695) and Plant Genome Research Program (DBI 0701119), and the Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund (912010479). NR 27 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 59 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.05.002 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 469DF UT WOS:000267875100018 PM 19481970 ER PT J AU Lauenroth, WK Bradford, JB AF Lauenroth, William K. Bradford, John B. TI Ecohydrology of dry regions of the United States: precipitation pulses and intraseasonal drought SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid; semi-arid; event size; small events; Great Plains; intermountain zone; precipitation regime ID WATER-CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEMS; HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES; ACTIVE-ROLE; EVAPORATION; RAINFALL; DYNAMICS; STRESS; STEPPE; PLANTS; FLUX AB Distribution of precipitation event sizes and interval lengths between events are important characteristics of arid and semi-arid climates. Understanding their importance will contribute to our ability to understand ecosystem dynamics in these regions. Our objective Cor this Paper was to present a comprehensive analysis of the daily precipitation regimes of arid and semi-arid locations of the United States. We collected 30 years of daily precipitation and temperature data from 289 sites in the intermountain zone and 240 sites in the Great Plains for our analysis. The daily precipitation regimes at all sites were dominated by the smallest event sizes and the shortest intervals between events. Great Plains sites on average had more small events and more short interval, than sites in the intermountain zone. In both regions. small events and short intervals were significantly negatively correlated to all other sizes suggesting they were useful for characterizing precipitation regimes. Both the smallest precipitation events and the shortest intervals between precipitation events increased as mean annual temperature decreased. Small events were negatively, but short intervals were positively related to mean annual precipitation. Additional analysis of Great Plains data suggested both quantitative and qualitative differences between precipitation regimes in wet and dry climates. These differences are attributable in large part to the differences in the relationship between precipitation and the evaporative demand of the atmosphere between the semi-arid and sub-humid portions of the Great Plains. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 [Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Lauenroth, WK (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM wlauenro@uwyo.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU National Science Foudation [0217631]; National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [CARBON/04-0225-019] FX We want to thank Joe Schroeder, Terry Birdsall, Chris Bennett, and Bob Flynn for helping collect and analyse the data. WKL was funded by National Science Foudation under Grant No. 0217631. Any opinions, findings, I and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. JBB was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Carbon Cycle Science research grant CARBON/04-0225-019. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1002/eco.53 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 470IK UT WOS:000267968200006 ER PT J AU Bennett, VJ Beard, M Zollner, PA Fernandez-Juricic, E Westphal, L LeBlanc, CL AF Bennett, Victoria J. Beard, Matthew Zollner, Patrick A. Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban Westphal, Lynne LeBlanc, Cherie L. TI Understanding wildlife responses to human disturbance through simulation modelling: A management tool SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE Human disturbance; Individual-based model; Wildlife management; Yellow-headed blackbird; Barbastelle bat ID LONG-EARED BATS; RECREATIONAL DISTURBANCE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; POPULATION CONSEQUENCES; SHOREBIRD MORTALITY; SPATIAL SIMULATION; THERMAL ENERGETICS; ROOST SELECTION; PREDATION RISK; HABITAT LOSS AB With conservation awareness and the demand for wildlife preservation increasing, ecotourism and outdoor recreational activities are becoming more popular. If such activities go unmanaged, the disruption to many species may have implications on their breeding success, survival and abundance and these, in turn, may have cascading ecosystem effects. By developing management strategies, through the application of simulation models, to simultaneously maintain recreational opportunities and sustain wildlife populations, these detrimental impacts can be minimised. Simulation of Disturbance Activities (SODA) is a spatially explicit individual-based model designed as a flexible and transferable practical tool to explore the effects of spatial and temporal patterns of anthropogenic disturbance on wildlife. Two case studies were used to illustrate the capabilities of SODA, one explored the effect of potential park designs on a nesting population of yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) in Calumet, IL and the other investigated the influence of visitor frequency on the breeding success of barbastelle bats (Barbastella barbastellus) in the south west of England. For the yellow-headed blackbird, SODA revealed that pathways in close proximity to their main nesting and foraging habitat increased the level of disturbance experienced by the birds, although not to an extent that was detrimental to their breeding success. However, establishing paths beyond the zone of influence may ensure that the yellow-headed blackbird and other avian species continue to use the area in its entirety. In the second case study, SODA demonstrated that female barbastelle bats are significantly disturbed by the unrestricted movement of recreationists at their breeding colony site. However, SODA also revealed a lack of confidence in the critical energetic threshold value applied in the simulation. Subsequently, the overall effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the breeding success of this species could not be fully ascertained. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bennett, Victoria J.; Zollner, Patrick A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Beard, Matthew] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Westphal, Lynne; LeBlanc, Cherie L.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Bennett, VJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM vbennett@purdue.edu RI Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010 OI Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029 NR 82 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 113 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2008.08.002 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450QI UT WOS:000266415500004 ER PT J AU Champlin, TB Kilgo, JC Moorman, CE AF Champlin, Tracey B. Kilgo, John C. Moorman, Christopher E. TI Food abundance does not determine bird use of early-successional habitat SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthropods; canopy gaps; early-successional habitat; food availability; food reduction; foraging; forest birds; habitat use; South Carolina, USA ID WARBLERS DENDROICA-CORONATA; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; BOTTOMLAND FOREST; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; DECIDUOUS FOREST; UNDERSTORY BIRDS; HOODED WARBLERS; AVAILABILITY; COMPETITION; ECOLOGY AB Few attempts have been made to experimentally address the extent to which temporal or spatial variation in food availability influences avian habitat use. We used an experimental approach to investigate whether bird use differed between treated (arthropods reduced through insecticide application) and control (untreated) forest canopy gaps within a bottomland hardwood forest in the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA. Gaps were two- to three-year-old group selection timber harvest openings of three sizes (0.13, 0.26, and 0.50 ha). Our study was conducted during four bird use periods (spring migration, breeding, post-breeding, and fall migration) in 2002 and 2003. Arthropods were reduced in treated gaps by 68% in 2002 and 73% in 2003. We used mist-netting captures and foraging attack rates to assess the influence of arthropod abundance on avian habitat use. Evidence that birds responded to arthropod abundance was limited and inconsistent. In 2002, we generally captured more birds in treated gaps of the smallest size (0.13 ha) and fewer birds in treated gaps of the larger sizes. In 2003, we recorded few differences in the number of captures in treated and control gaps. Foraging attack rates generally were lower in treated than in control gaps, indicating that birds were able to adapt to the reduced food availability and remain in treated gaps. We conclude that arthropod abundance was not a proximate factor controlling whether forest birds used our gaps. The abundance of food resources may not be as important in determining avian habitat selection as previous research has indicated, at least for passerines in temperate subtropical regions. C1 [Kilgo, John C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. [Champlin, Tracey B.; Moorman, Christopher E.] N Carolina State Univ, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci Program, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kilgo, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM jkilgo@fs.fed.us FU The U. S. Department of Energy; USDA Forest Service-Savannah River and Southern Research Station [DE-AI09-00SR22188] FX The U. S. Department of Energy provided funding for this study through the USDA Forest Service-Savannah River and Southern Research Station under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188. J. Blake, K. Hale, and E. Olson provided logistical support, and C. Possee, J. Segar, and J. Taylor assisted with installing and applying treatments. North Carolina State University provided logistical and financial assistance. We gratefully thank M. Gumpertz for statistical advice, and D. Levey and C. Sorenson for reviewing the manuscript. Thanks to our field crew who tolerated long, hot field days, many of them in Tyvec suits with extreme humidity, mosquitoes, venomous snakes, and noisy equipment: D. Jones, S. Junker, F. Spilker, and M. Olsen. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1586 EP 1594 DI 10.1890/08-1190.1 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 454DR UT WOS:000266662500019 PM 19569373 ER PT J AU Rittenhouse, TAG Semlitsch, RD Thompson, FR AF Rittenhouse, Tracy A. G. Semlitsch, Raymond D. Thompson, Frank R., III TI Survival costs associated with wood frog breeding migrations: effects of timber harvest and drought SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anuran; desiccation; drought; predation; radiotelemetry; Rana sylvatica; timber harvest; wood frogs ID OAK-HICKORY FOREST; RANA-SYLVATICA; HABITAT SELECTION; BUFFER ZONES; AMPHIBIANS; PREDATION; MOVEMENT; MICROHABITATS; CONSERVATION; SALAMANDERS AB Migration presents a trade-off for individuals between the potential fitness benefits of reaching high-quality habitat vs. the potential costs of migration. Within an information-theoretic framework, we examined the costs of migration for adult wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) in response to timber harvest and annual weather conditions using Cox proportional-hazard estimates of survival. In 2004 prior to timber harvest, survival did not differ between the inside (0.75, SE = 0.078) and outside (0.73, SE = 0.235) of the circular timber harvest arrays (each 164 m radius). Following timber harvest, survival inside arrays in both 2005 and 2006 (0.22, SE = 0.065; 0.42, SE = 0.139) was lower than survival outside of the arrays and prior to harvest. Sources of mortality included predation in all years and desiccation in the drought year of 2005. The most-supported models for explaining both predation and desiccation risks reflected behaviors as opposed to timber harvest or weather conditions. Both predation and desiccation risks increased when frogs made frequent movements or were located near breeding ponds. Optimal behaviors for reducing predation and desiccation risks were the same before and after timber harvest; however, the survival consequences for not adopting these behaviors were more severe following harvest. Our results provide empirical evidence for (1) the ecological pressures that influence migratory behavior and (2) differential survival in relation to migratory behavior which reveals why frogs move relatively long distances away from breeding sites. C1 [Rittenhouse, Tracy A. G.; Semlitsch, Raymond D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rittenhouse, TAG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 312 Birge Hall,430 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM trittenhouse@wisc.edu OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 FU Trans World Airlines Scholarship; NSF [DEB 0239943]; University of Missouri Animal Care [12220, 12563, 13052] FX We thank T. Altnether and A. Sieg for assistance in the field, and G. Raeker, J. Briggler, and the Missouri Department of Conservation. A. Calhoun, C. Rittenhouse, J. Weaver, and B. Williams provided thoughtful comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by Trans World Airlines Scholarship to T. A. G. Rittenhouse and NSF Grant DEB 0239943 to R. D. Semlitsch. Frogs were tracked under Missouri Department of Conservation Wildlife Collector's permits 12220, 12563, and 13052 and were maintained under the University of Missouri Animal Care and Use Protocol 3368. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1620 EP 1630 DI 10.1890/08-0326.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 454DR UT WOS:000266662500022 PM 19569376 ER PT J AU Atwell, RC Schulte, LA Westphal, LM AF Atwell, Ryan C. Schulte, Lisa A. Westphal, Lynne M. TI Linking Resilience Theory and Diffusion of Innovations Theory to Understand the Potential for Perennials in the US Corn Belt SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive co-management; agriculture; Iowa; learning; nonpoint source pollution; restoration; scale; social-ecological systems; row crops; Corn Belt ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AB In the last 200 yr, more than 80% of the land in the U.S. Corn Belt agro-ecosystem has been converted from natural perennial vegetation to intensive agricultural production of row crops. Despite research showing how re-integration of perennial vegetation, e. g., cover crops, pasture, riparian buffers, and restored wetlands, at strategic landscape positions can bolster declining regional ecosystem functions, the amount of land area devoted to row crop production in the Corn Belt continues to increase. As this region enters a time of fast-paced and uncertain reorganization driven by the emerging bioeconomy, changes in land use will continue to take place that will impact the resilience of the Corn Belt's linked social and ecological systems for years to come. Both resilience theory and the diffusion of innovations theory investigate how change is brought about in systems through the adaptation and innovation of social actors. In this paper, we integrate these two frameworks in the analysis of 33 in-depth interviews to improve our understanding of how rural Corn Belt stakeholders make conservation decisions in the midst of an uncertain future. Interview data indicate that the adoption of conservation practices is based not only on immediate profitability but also on the interplay between contextual factors at three distinct levels of the system: compatibility with farm priorities, profitability, practices, and technologies; community-level reinforcement through local social networks, norms, and support structures; and consistent, straightforward, flexible, and well-targeted incentives and regulations issuing from regional institutions. Interviewees suggest that the multiscale drivers that currently support the continued expansion of row crop production could be realigned with conservation objectives in landscapes of the future. Adaptation of social actors through collaborative learning at the community level may be instrumental in brokering the sort of multiscale system change that would lead to more widespread adoption of perennial cover types in the Corn Belt. C1 [Atwell, Ryan C.; Schulte, Lisa A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Westphal, Lynne M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Atwell, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture; USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE); U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station; Iowa State University's Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management FX We thank our interviewees for their honesty and insight. We also thank Terry Besser, Tricia Knoot, Kris Atwell, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. Megan Boyd, Carrie Eberle, Luke Gran, Bonnie Jan, Anna MacDonald, and Krystina Smith provided assistance with interview transcription and analysis. This research is funded by the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE), the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, and Iowa State University's Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management and Graduate Program in Sustainable Agriculture. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 32 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 AR 30 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468TY UT WOS:000267846300021 ER PT J AU Bisson, PA Dunham, JB Reeves, GH AF Bisson, Peter A. Dunham, Jason B. Reeves, Gordon H. TI Freshwater Ecosystems and Resilience of Pacific Salmon: Habitat Management Based on Natural Variability SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Pacific salmon; habitat restoration; watershed processes; natural variation ID HEADWATER STREAMS; CHINOOK SALMON; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; NORTHWEST ESTUARIES; DISTURBANCE REGIMES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WOOD RECRUITMENT; COASTAL OREGON; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB In spite of numerous habitat restoration programs in fresh waters with an aggregate annual funding of millions of dollars, many populations of Pacific salmon remain significantly imperiled. Habitat restoration strategies that address limited environmental attributes and partial salmon life-history requirements or approaches that attempt to force aquatic habitat to conform to idealized but ecologically unsustainable conditions may partly explain this lack of response. Natural watershed processes generate highly variable environmental conditions and population responses, i.e., multiple life histories, that are often not considered in restoration. Examples from several locations underscore the importance of natural variability to the resilience of Pacific salmon. The implication is that habitat restoration efforts will be more likely to foster salmon resilience if they consider processes that generate and maintain natural variability in fresh water. We identify three specific criteria for management based on natural variability: the capacity of aquatic habitat to recover from disturbance, a range of habitats distributed across stream networks through time sufficient to fulfill the requirements of diverse salmon life histories, and ecological connectivity. In light of these considerations, we discuss current threats to habitat resilience and describe how regulatory and restoration approaches can be modified to better incorporate natural variability. C1 [Bisson, Peter A.; Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Bisson, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. FU U. S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; U. S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX We thank the U. S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and the U. S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center for support. Chris Jordan, Rebecca Flitcroft, and two anonymous referees provided constructive suggestions on an earlier draft. Many of our ideas grew out of discussions with colleagues, especially Bruce Rieman, Lee Benda, Kelly Burnett, Steve Wondzell, Bob Bilby, Tom Quinn, Bob Gresswell, Tim Beechie, George Pess, and Bob Naiman. Although we owe much to these fine scientists, any errors in this paper are our own. NR 94 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 26 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 AR 45 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468TY UT WOS:000267846300051 ER PT J AU Bauer, IE Bhatti, JS Swanston, C Wieder, RK Preston, CM AF Bauer, Ilka E. Bhatti, Jagtar S. Swanston, Christopher Wieder, R. Kelman Preston, Caroline M. TI Organic Matter Accumulation and Community Change at the Peatland-Upland Interface: Inferences from C-14 and Pb-210 Dated Profiles SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE peatland margins; climate change; C accumulation; Pb-210; C-14; bryophyte macrofossils ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; NORTH-AMERICA NORTH; CAL KYR BP; BOREAL FOREST; WESTERN CANADA; RAISED BOGS; CARBON; SPHAGNUM; SOIL; VEGETATION AB Peatland-margin habitats with organic matter accumulation of 40-150 cm make up a significant but poorly quantified portion of Canada's boreal forest region. Spanning the transition between non-wetland forest and fen proper, these ecosystems represent a zone of complex environmental and vegetation change, yet little is known about their ecological function or development. We here use vegetation and macrofossil analysis, traditional C-14, bomb-spike C-14, and Pb-210 dating to investigate the development, organic matter accumulation, and recent vegetation history of peat margin communities at two sites in central Saskatchewan, Canada. Although similar in general shape, bomb-spike C-14 and Pb-210 chronologies show limited agreement in three of the four profiles examined, with Pb-210 generally producing younger ages than C-14. Peat initiation and long-term organic matter accumulation at the Old Black Spruce (OBS) transect were probably driven mainly by the dynamics of Sphagnum, whereas at the Sandhill Fen (SF) transect, they were controlled by water level fluctuations in the neighboring fen. Bryophyte macrofossils suggest a recent drying of the vegetation surface at both sites, most likely triggered by regional drought in the late 1950s and 1960s. At OBS, the shift from Sphagnum- to feather moss-dominated communities continued in the 1990s, possibly reflecting effects of direct disturbance on local drainage patterns. Overall, our results suggest that community composition and C dynamics of peat-margin swamps respond dynamically to climatic and hydrologic fluctuations. However, uncertainties regarding the reliability of different chronologies limit our ability to link observed community changes to specific causal events. C1 [Bauer, Ilka E.; Bhatti, Jagtar S.] No Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Swanston, Christopher] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wieder, R. Kelman] Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Preston, Caroline M.] Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Bauer, Ilka E.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Sir Wilfred Grenfell Coll, Corner Brook, NF A2H 6P9, Canada. [Swanston, Christopher] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Bauer, IE (reprint author), No Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, 5320 122 St, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. EM ibauer@swgc.mun.ca FU Biological Sources and Sinks Programme FX Funding for this work was provided by the Biological Sources and Sinks Programme (AP 2000). We would like to thank Lana Laird, Lance Lazeruk, and Ruth Errington for help with the collection and processing of samples, and Gary Burton and his team at CFS for providing workshop space and equipment for cutting our cores. Kimberli Scott did all 210Pb digestions and counting, Dave Beilman provided advice on 14C sample pretreatments, and Paula Zermeno generously helped with sample graphitization. Ron and Paula Reimer provided help with CaliBomb at various stages of the process, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 63 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2009 VL 12 IS 4 BP 636 EP 653 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9248-2 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 451CN UT WOS:000266448400009 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Butry, DT AF Donovan, Geoffrey H. Butry, David T. TI The value of shade: Estimating the effect of urban trees on summertime electricity use SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE Urban trees; Energy conservation; Economics; Shade; Carbon ID ENERGY USE; SURFACES AB We estimated the effect of shade trees on the summertime electricity use of 460 single-family homes in Sacramento, California. Results show that trees on the west and south sides of a house reduce summertime electricity use, whereas trees on the north side of a house increase summertime electricity use. The current level of tree cover on the west and south sides of houses in our sample reduced summertime electricity use by 185 kWh (5.2%), whereas north-side trees increased electricity use by 55 kWh (1.5%). Results also show that a London plane tree, planted on the west side of a house, can reduce carbon emissions from summertime electricity use by an average of 31% over 100 years. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Butry, David T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us; david.butry@nist.gov NR 10 TC 49 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 41 IS 6 BP 662 EP 668 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.01.002 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 445OL UT WOS:000266060000009 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Berhow, M AF Tisserat, Brent Berhow, Mark TI Production of Pharmaceuticals from Papaver Cultivars in Vitro SO ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Automation; Codeine; Iranian poppy; Morphine; Opium poppy; Papaver bracteatum; P. somniferum; Reproduction; Shooting; Thebaine ID OPIUM POPPY; TISSUE-CULTURE; ALKALOIDS; SOMNIFERUM; BRACTEATUM; CALLUS; REGENERATION; THEBAINE; ALPININE; GROWTH AB Iranian (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.) and opium poppy (P. somniferum L.) plantlets obtained from germinated seeds grown on a Murashige and Skoog basal medium (BM) readily manifest alkaloids. Temperature had a profound effect on growth and alkaloid production after 8 weeks in culture. Plantlets of poppy cultivars (cvs.) grew best at 18.5 and 20 degrees C compared to 15 or 25 degrees C. An alkaloid survey study with 24 Iranian and 21 opium poppy cvs. revealed that total morphinan alkaloids ranged from 0 to 6.55 mg/g dw. Prolific axillary branching was achieved from poppy cvs. by maintaining shoots on BM containing 1.0 mg/L N(6)-benzyladenine and 0.01 mg/L alpha-naphthalene acetic acid for an additional 16 weeks. The influence of vessel size on the growth response of established shoot clumps was determined by subculture in a variety of culture vessels for 8 weeks. The tested culture vessels included culture tubes (55 mm(3) capacity (cap.)), babyfood jars (143 mm(3) cap.), Magenta GA-7 containers (365 mm(3) cap.), and polycarbonate jars (1890 mm(3) cap.) employing an in vitro hydroponics system (i.e. an automated plant culture system (APCS)). Highest growth rates occurred employing the APCS. The culture vessel capacity had a significant positive correlation on shoot length, fresh weight, number of leaves, and number of shoots. Shoot length, fresh weight, leaves, and shoots grown in the APCS exhibited increases of 1-, 21.5-, 7.8-, and 8.3-fold, respectively, compared to shoots grown in culture tubes. Higher culture growth rates that occurred in the larger-size vessels were correlated with lower alkaloid production (mg alkaloids/g dw). However, the overall total alkaloids/vessel [(mg alkaloid/g dw) x g culture dw] increased because of greater biomass production per vessel. The alkaloid content was found to remain stable for shoots grown over a 6-month evaluation period. C1 [Tisserat, Brent; Berhow, Mark] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res New Crops & Proc Techno, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res New Crops & Proc Techno, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Brent.Tisserat@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1618-0240 J9 ENG LIFE SCI JI Eng. Life Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.1002/elsc.200800100 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 481NO UT WOS:000268818500006 ER PT J AU Phoofolo, MW Elliott, NC Giles, KL AF Phoofolo, Mpho W. Elliott, Norman C. Giles, Kristopher L. TI Analysis of growth and development in the final instar of three species of predatory Coccinellidae under varying prey availability SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE growth trajectory; logistic function; critical weight; determinate development; food deprivation; Coleomegilla maculata; Hippodamia convergens; Harmonia axyridis; Coleoptera ID BODY-SIZE; CRITICAL WEIGHT; METAMORPHOSIS; COLEOPTERA; HISTORY; DETERMINANTS; RESPONSES; ANIMALS; INSECTS AB For insects such as aphidophagous lady beetles, whose preferred food varies naturally in space and time, variation in adult body size is most likely a reflection of food acquired and allocated to growth by the final instar. We conducted a laboratory study to evaluate the nature of body size variation in Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), and Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (all Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) by assessing how fourth instars respond developmentally to food deprivation. We also determined which growth functions best describe larval growth trajectories and evaluated whether these fourth instars regulate their growth based on initial body size. Access to food for a minimum of 1 day during the fourth stadium appeared to be a requirement for pupation in all three species. Putative critical weight for pupation falls within 10-14 mg for C. maculata, 13-16 mg for H. convergens, and 19-22 mg for H. axyridis, and development period after attaining the critical weight is not affected by food deprivation. The mixed-effect logistic function that accounted for individual and gender differences provided the best description of growth in the fourth instars of the three species. The reduced major axis regression revealed that growth in these lady beetles was convergent-regulated. The logistic growth trajectory, existence of critical weight, and determinate developmental response to food deprivation are traits that seem to suggest that fitness increase is attained by maximizing body size rather than survival in these beetles. C1 [Phoofolo, Mpho W.; Giles, Kristopher L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Elliott, Norman C.] USDA ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Phoofolo, MW (reprint author), 127 Noble Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM mpho.phoofolo@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station [OKLO2334, OKLO2455]; USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management Program [0500-00044-012-04S] FX We thank Jack Dillwith and Tom Royer for their critical review of the early version of this manuscript, and Mark Payton for statistical assistance. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Robert Elliott contributed technical assistance toward this research. This work was approved for publication by the Director of the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station and supported in part under projects OKLO2334 and OKLO2455, and the USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management Program (Project Number: 0500-00044-012-04S). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3 BP 264 EP 277 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00849.x PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 447DT UT WOS:000266172500005 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Pinero, JC Mau, RFL Stark, JD Hertlein, M Mafra-Neto, A Coler, R Getchell, A AF Vargas, Roger I. Pinero, Jaime C. Mau, Ronald F. L. Stark, John D. Hertlein, Mark Mafra-Neto, Agenor Coler, Reginald Getchell, Anna TI Attraction and mortality of oriental fruit flies to SPLAT-MAT-methyl eugenol with spinosad SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera dorsalis; Min-U-Gel; male annihilation treatment; naled; integrated pest management; Diptera; Tephritidae; specialized pheromone and lure application technology ID MALE ANNIHILATION; FLY DIPTERA; CUE-LURE; MELON FLIES; TEPHRITIDAE; ERADICATION; HAWAII; FORMULATIONS; MALATHION; ISLANDS AB Studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 in Hawaii, USA to quantify attraction and feeding responses resulting in mortality of the male oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to a novel male annihilation treatment (MAT) formulation consisting of specialized pheromone and lure application technology (SPLAT) in combination with methyl eugenol (ME) and spinosad (=SPLAT-MAT-ME with spinosad) in comparison with Min-U-Gel-ME with naled (Dibrom). Our approach involved a novel behavioral methodology for evaluation of slow-acting reduced-risk insecticides. Methyl eugenol treatments were weathered for 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks in California, USA, and shipped to Hawaii for bioassays. In field tests involving bucket traps to attract and capture wild males, and in toxicity studies conducted in 1 m(3) cages using released males of controlled ages, SPLAT-MAT-ME with spinosad performed similar to or outperformed the standard formulation of Min-U-Gel-ME with naled for material aged for up to 8 weeks in the 2008 tests. In laboratory feeding tests in which individual males were exposed for 5 min to the different ME treatments, mortality induced by SPLAT-MAT-ME with spinosad recorded at 24 h did not differ from that caused by Min-U-Gel ME with naled at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Spinosad has low contact toxicity, and when mixed with SPLAT offers a reduced-risk alternative for control of B. dorsalis, without many of the negative effects to humans and non-targets of broad-spectrum contact poisons such as naled. Our results indicate that SPLAT-MAT-ME with spinosad offers potential for control of males in an area-wide integrated pest management (IPM) system without the need for conventional organophosphates. C1 [Vargas, Roger I.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pinero, Jaime C.; Mau, Ronald F. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI USA. [Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Hertlein, Mark] Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Mafra-Neto, Agenor; Coler, Reginald; Getchell, Anna] ISCA Technol, Riverside, CA USA. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM roger.vargas@ars.usda.gov FU IR-4; USDA-ARS AWPM FX We thank Jonathan Carbone, Jill Grotkin, Neil Miller, Les Oride, Donna Ota, and Ferol White (USDA-ARS, PBARC, Hilo, HI), Maria Diaz, Charles Lee, and Evann Souza (USDA-ARS, PBARC, Waimea, HI), and Nicholle Konanui (University of Hawaii at Manoa) for assistance in collecting the various types of data. IR-4 and USDA-ARS AWPM funds were essential to planning and completing this research. Finally, we thank Luc Leblanc, Rudolph Putoa, Victoria Yokoyama, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00853.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 447DT UT WOS:000266172500007 ER PT J AU Bergh, JC Leskey, TC Walgenbach, JF Klingeman, WE Kain, DP Zhang, A AF Bergh, J. C. Leskey, T. C. Walgenbach, J. F. Klingeman, W. E. Kain, D. P. Zhang, A. TI Dogwood Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) Abundance and Seasonal Flight Activity in Apple Orchards, Urban Landscapes, and Woodlands in Five Eastern States SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon scitula; pheromone trapping; apple; ornamentals; forest ID SYNANTHEDON-SCITULA LEPIDOPTERA; NEW-YORK; INFESTATION; ROOTSTOCKS; PHEROMONE; TREES; TENNESSEE; HABITATS; BIOLOGY; TRAPS AB The relative abundance and seasonal flight activity of dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula Harris (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), was measured using weekly records from traps baited with its sex pheromone and deployed in apple orchards, urban landscapes, and native woodland sites in New York, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee in 2005 and 2006. The mean total number of moths captured per site in apple orchards was 3,146 +/- 644 and 3095 +/- 584 SE in 2005 and 2006, respectively, exceeding captures at urban sites by 16 and 13 times and at woodland sites by 210 and 206 times in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Mean total captures at urban sites exceeded those in woodland habitats by 13 and 16 times in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The mean duration (wk) of the flight period did not differ significantly between apple orchards (22.6 +/- 0.6 SE) and urban sites (20.3 +/- 1.2 SE). The onset of flight was somewhat later in New York (around early June) than further south (around early to mid-May), but moth captures continued into October in all states. Captures in apple orchards and at urban sites with higher populations were essentially continuous throughout the flight period, with substantial weekly fluctuations, and tended to show a bimodal pattern with peaks from late May through mid-July and from late August through mid-September. Captures at woodland sites tended to occur predominantly from mid-May through about mid-June and were very sporadic thereafter. C1 [Bergh, J. C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. [Leskey, T. C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Walgenbach, J. F.] N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. [Klingeman, W. E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kain, D. P.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Zhang, A.] USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bergh, JC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. EM cbergh@vt.edu FU USDA-CSREES Southern Region IPM [2005-34103-15592] FX We thank J. Engelman, S. Wright, T. Hancock, S. Schoof, and J. Nie for excellent technical assistance. This research was supported primarily by Grant 2005-34103-15592 from the USDA-CSREES Southern Region IPM Grants Program. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 530 EP 538 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 454BE UT WOS:000266655800004 PM 19508761 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT Allen, ML Wallet, B Boykin, D Smith, WA AF Vogt, James T. Allen, Margaret L. Wallet, Bradley Boykin, Debbie Smith, Wayne A. TI Distribution Patterns of Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on a Sheep and Goat Farm in Oklahoma SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; remote sensing; landscape ecology ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; UNITED-STATES; POLYGYNE; RANGE; MONOGYNE; MODEL; TEXAS; POPULATIONS; LOUISIANA AB Imported fire ant colonies were quantified in 1,000-m(2) circular subplots spaced approximate to 125 m apart on a sheep and goat farm in Oklahoma. Social form (percent polygyny), mound density, cumulative above-ground mound volume, and average mound volume were subjected to multiple regression analyses to examine trends related to landscape metrics and habitat characteristics. Monogyne populations were spatially autocorrelated, and polygyne mounds tended to be smaller and more numerous. A model incorporating the effects of percent polygyny, canopy cover, and 1-d cumulative incident solar radiation explained 34% of the variation in mound density. Percent polygyny was not significantly related to cumulative mound volume, which provides a better estimate of overall ant biomass. A model incorporating the effects of 1-d cumulative incident solar radiation on the summer solstice, elevation, canopy cover, distance from cisterns, distance from water, and distance from trees explained 42% of the variation in cumulative mound volume. Monogyne mounds in areas that were flat and close to water in low-lying areas were largest. Results indicate that remotely sensed data in combination with publicly available U.S. Geological Survey data may be useful in predicting areas of high and low fire ant abundance at a field scale. C1 [Vogt, James T.; Allen, Margaret L.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wallet, Bradley] Automated Decis, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Boykin, Debbie] USDA ARS, Mid S Area, JWD SRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Smith, Wayne A.] Oklahoma Cooperat Extens Serv, Durant, OK 74702 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jvogt@blackpest.com OI Allen, Margaret/0000-0002-4758-1290 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 551 EP 560 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 454BE UT WOS:000266655800006 PM 19508763 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Torto, B Willms, S Teal, PEA AF Arbogast, Richard T. Torto, Baldwyn Willms, Steve Teal, Peter E. A. TI Trophic Habits of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae): Their Adaptive Significance and Relevance to Dispersal SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE small hive beetle; diets; reproductive capacity; dispersal; phenotypic plasticity ID SMALL HIVE BEETLE; HONEYBEE APIS-MELLIFERA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; BOMBUS-IMPATIENS; COLONIES; PARASITE; TRAP AB Aethina tumida Murray is an African native that has become an important pest of honey bee colonies in North America and Australia. Adults and larvae feed on pollen, honey, and brood in bee hives. The beetle is also able to feed and reproduce on fresh or rotting fruit, but natural occurrence on this diet has rarely been observed. We compared the reproductive success-as measured by progeny production, weight of progeny, developmental rate, and survival of immature stages-of beetles reared on various diets of fruit and bee products. Reproduction on all of the diets was sufficient for population growth. Using baited flight traps to monitor the presence of A. tumida, we found persistent although tenuous populations in wooded habitats lacking managed bee colonies. On the basis of these findings and the habits of other nitidulid beetles, we propose that A. tumida is an ecological generalist able to maintain adequate levels of reproduction in marginal environments but able to reach high levels in favorable, resource rich environments, such as honey bee colonies. This hypothesis has significance for active dispersal and range expansion, because reproduction in the absence of bees would facilitate long range dispersal by flight through successive generations. Although our findings support the hypothesis, definitive proof would require association of beetles with hosts, trapping adults as they emerge from the soil, or other methods that would confirm feeding and reproduction at a given site, rather than immigration from bee colonies. C1 [Arbogast, Richard T.; Willms, Steve; Teal, Peter E. A.] USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Torto, Baldwyn] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM terry.arbogast@ars.usda.gov FU Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pests Diagnostics Center FX We thank C. Murphy for outstanding contributions to the success of this project, both in the laboratory and in the field; A. Cline (California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pests Diagnostics Center, Sacramento, CA) for his interest and for providing information on Nitidulidae; N. Benda (ARS-USDA, Gainesville, FL) for samples of A. tumida adults collected from bee hives; L. de Guzman (ARS-USDA, Baton Rouge, LA) for sharing observations of A. tumida in compost; and the following personnel of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, DPI, Gainesville, FL, for their interest and assistance: M. Thomas and P. Skelley identified nitidulid specimens, T. Dowda provided locations of managed honey bee colonies, and J. Hayes furnished information on feral honey bees. We also thank J. Ellis (Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida), A. Cline, N. Benda, and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing the manuscript; their insightful comments and suggestions are sincerely appreciated. Finally, we thank F. Towers and R. G. Thomas (La Crosse, FL) for cooperation in providing sites for our field studies. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 561 EP 568 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 454BE UT WOS:000266655800007 PM 19508764 ER PT J AU Trotter, RT Shields, KS AF Trotter, R. Talbot, III Shields, Kathleen S. TI Variation in Winter Survival of the Invasive Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Across the Eastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; climate; landscape; Adelges tsugae; hemlock ID SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; TSUGAE HOMOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; GYPSY-MOTH; CANADENSIS; FORESTS; DECLINE; ARRIVAL; MODEL AB The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) is a small, aphid-like insect native to East Asia and western North America. First documented in the eastern United States in Richmond, VA, in 1951, it has spread to at least 17 states, where it causes increased mortality among both eastern and Carolina hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis Carriere and T. caroliniana Engelmann., respectively). Previous work has suggested low temperatures may limit northward spread of the adelgid. Using recent surveys of A. tsugae mortality across the infested latitudinal gradient of the eastern United States, we show there is a significant positive relationship between minimum winter temperatures and winter survival at the landscape scale. The strength and nature of this relationship, however, varies through time, with absolute minimum winter temperatures explaining almost one half of the tree-level variance in survival in the spring of 2004 but only 9% in 2003. Post hoc analyses of the data suggest the explanatory power of temperature can be improved in ongoing studies by examining seasonal temperature profiles. Previous studies have also suggested adelgid survival may be density dependent, and although these data support this observation, contemporary density is a poor predictor of adelgid survival at the landscape scale. Using landscape estimates of minimum winter temperature, we show two simple methods of estimating landscape-scale adelgid survival rates. Both methods suggest much of the range of T canadensis in the eastern United States, and the entire range of T. caroliniana falls in areas where winter temperatures will not impose critical limits on A. tsugae populations. C1 [Trotter, R. Talbot, III; Shields, Kathleen S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Trotter, RT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. EM rttrotter@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 577 EP 587 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 454BE UT WOS:000266655800009 PM 19508766 ER PT J AU Geden, CJ Moon, RD AF Geden, Christopher J. Moon, Roger D. TI Host Ranges of Gregarious Muscoid Fly Parasitoids: Muscidifurax raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and Trichopria nigra (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Muscidifurax raptorellus; Tachinaephagus zealandicus; Trichopria nigra; house fly; stable fly ID STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS DIPTERA; HOUSE-FLIES DIPTERA; SPALANGIA-CAMERONI HYMENOPTERA; CONFINED BEEF-CATTLE; POULTRY HOUSES; VARIABLE TEMPERATURES; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PROGENY PRODUCTION; DOMESTICA DIPTERA AB Attack rates, progeny production, sex ratios, and host utilization efficiency of Muscidifurax raptorellus (Kogan and Legner) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and Trichopria nigra (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) were evaluated in laboratory bioassays with five dipteran hosts: house fly (Musca domestica L.), stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans L.), horn fly (Hematobia irritans L.), black dump fly [Hydrotaea aenescens (Weidemann)] (Diptera: Muscidae), and a flesh fly (Sarcophaga bullata Parker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). M. raptorellus killed and successfully parasitized all five host species and produced an average 2.6 parasitoid progeny from each host. Host attack rates were highest on stable fly and lowest on horn fly; there were no differences among hosts in the total number of progeny produced. T zealandicus killed larvae of all fly host species in similar numbers, but parasitism was most successful on H. aenescens. and S. bullata and least Successful on horn fly and house fly hosts. Significantly more parasitoid progeny emerged from S. bullata (10.2 parasitoids per host) than the other hosts; only 2.5 progeny were produced from parasitized horn fly hosts. Most of the killed puparia that produced neither adult flies nor parasitoids ("duds") contained dead parasitoids; in house fly, stable fly, and horn fly hosts, >30% of these dudded pupae contained adult wasps that failed to eclose. T. nigra successfully parasitized pupae of all host species except house fly and was most successful on stable fly. Significantly more parasitoid progeny emerged from S. bullata (30.6 parasitoids per host) than the other hosts; only 5.7 progeny were produced from horn fly hosts. C1 [Geden, Christopher J.; Moon, Roger D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. RP Geden, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. EM chris.geden@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 700 EP 707 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 454BE UT WOS:000266655800021 PM 19508778 ER PT J AU Cheng, LL Nechols, JR Margolies, DC Campbell, JF Yang, PS Chen, CC Lu, CT AF Cheng, Ling Lan Nechols, James R. Margolies, David C. Campbell, James F. Yang, Ping Shih Chen, Chien Chung Lu, Chiu Tung TI Foraging on and Consumption of Two Species of Papaya Pest Mites, Tetranychus kanzawai and Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae), by Mallada basalis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytophagous mites; predator-prey interaction; feeding behavior; predatory potential; biological control ID FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; CHRYSOPERLA-RUFILABRIS; HANDLING TIME; PREY; HETEROPTERA; RESISTANCE; SELECTION; LARVAE; DIETS; SIZE AB Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida and Panonychus citri (McGregor) are two major acari tie pests of the principal papaya variety in Taiwan, and they often co-occur in the same papaya screen-houses. This study measured prey acceptability, foraging schedule, short-term consumption rate, and handling time of larvae of a domesticated line of the green lacewing, Mallada basalis (Walker), in no-choice tests with different life stages of these two mite pests. After a period of prey deprivation, all three larval instars of M. basalis exhibited a high rate of acceptance of all life stages of both T kanzawai and P. citri. In 2-h trials, second- and third-instar predators foraged actively most of the time, whereas first instars spent approximate to 40% of the time at rest. Consumption increased and prey handling time decreased as predator life stage advanced and prey stage decreased. Third-instar lacewings consumed an average of 311.4 T kanzawai eggs (handling time: 6.7 s/egg) and 68.2 adults (handling time: 58.8 s/adult), whereas first instars consumed 19.6 eggs (handling time: 23.6 s/egg) and 4.0 adults (handling time: 633.4 s/adult). M. basalis generally consumed more P. citri than T kanzawai. Except for prey eggs, handling times of T kanzawai were generally longer than those of P. citri by all M. basalis instars. Handling times were shorter, and consumption were greater, at the higher R citri density than at the lower one, whereas there were generally no significant differences in prey acceptability and foraging time between those two densities. This study suggests that M. basalis larvae may have high potential for augmentative biological control of mites on papayas. C1 [Cheng, Ling Lan] Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Div Appl Zool, Taichung 413, Taiwan. [Cheng, Ling Lan; Nechols, James R.; Margolies, David C.; Campbell, James F.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Campbell, James F.] USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Yang, Ping Shih] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Chen, Chien Chung; Lu, Chiu Tung] Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Div Appl Zool, Taichung 413, Taiwan. RP Cheng, LL (reprint author), Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Div Appl Zool, 189 Chung Cheng Rd, Taichung 413, Taiwan. EM lcheng@wufeng.tari.gov.tw RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 FU Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University [09-005-J]; Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan FX We thank P. I. Nelson for assistance in statistical analyses; S. L. Liu and G. Y. Liu for maintaining the insects, mites, and plants in the laboratory; and R. F. Hou, J. Lord, W. J. Wu, and two anonymous reviewers for critically reviewing the manuscript. Voucher specimens (2008-1-1) were deposited in the Insect and Mite Museum, Division of Applied Zoology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. This is Contribution 09-005-J of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. This Study was supported by research grants from Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 715 EP 722 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 454BE UT WOS:000266655800023 PM 19508780 ER PT J AU Pureswaran, DS Poland, TM AF Pureswaran, Deepa S. Poland, Therese M. TI Host Selection and Feeding Preference of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on Ash (Fraxinus spp.) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE native versus exotic hosts; olfactory cues; host volatiles ID NORTH-AMERICAN; BORER; SPECIALIZATION; MONOTERPENES; MANDSHURICA; ATTRACTION; SCOLYTIDAE; VOLATILES; RESPONSES AB We studied the host selection behavior and feeding preference of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). A. planipennis is an exotic forest insect pest native to Asia that was discovered in North America in 2002 and is causing widespread mortality of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in southeast Michigan and surrounding states. We compared host selection and feeding behavior on different species of ash including Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica Rupr.), green ash (F. pennsylvanica Marsh), white ash (F. americana L.), black ash (F nigra Marsh), blue ash (F. quadrangulata Michx.), and European ash (F. excelsior L). Manchurian ash is native to Asia, whereas the other species (native to North America or Europe) represent novel hosts fork planipennis. Beetles distributed themselves more frequently and fed to a greater extent on green, black, and white ash compared with blue, European, and Manchurian ash. Although beetles consumed every ash species offered to them, Manchurian ash and blue ash were least preferred in feeding bioassays. When we analyzed the volatile content of intact and girdled ash for quantitative variation in 11 compounds that elicited antennal activity, we found that the overall volatile profiles of the six ash species differed significantly in their relative amounts of antennally active compounds. Green ash has lower relative amounts of volatiles compared with Manchurian ash, which might render it more attractive and less resistant to A. planipennis. Lower tolerance and resistance of green ash might make it more susceptible to mortality compared with Manchurian ash, which coevolved with the beetle in its native range. Repellent odors, potential antifeedants, and genes for resistance in Manchurian ash could be explored for methods to manage A. planipennis populations. C1 [Pureswaran, Deepa S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Pureswaran, DS (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, POB 4000,Regent St, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. EM dpureswa@nrcan.gc.ca FU USDA Forest Service; Canadian Food Inspection Agency FX We thank L. Buchan, E. Clark, K. Fondren, D. Miller, J. Miller, T. Petrice, and T. Kohn for technical assistance, C. Grant for CC analysis and editorial comments, S. Heard and D. Quiring for comments on an early draft, and two anonymous reviewers for Suggestions to improve the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the USDA Forest Service Special Technology Development Program to T.M.P. and an NSERC Visiting Fellowship to D.S.P. from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 34 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 757 EP 765 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 454BE UT WOS:000266655800028 PM 19508785 ER PT J AU Esquivel, JF Esquivel, SV AF Esquivel, J. F. Esquivel, S. V. TI Identification of Cotton Fleahopper (Hemiptera: Miridae) Host Plants in Central Texas and Compendium of Reported Hosts in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton fleahopper; host plant; cotton pest ID FLEA-HOPPER; PSEUDATOMOSCELIS-SERIATUS; SPRING EMERGENCE; LYGUS-LINEOLARIS; PSALLUS-SERIATUS; HETEROPTERA; MISSISSIPPI; PHENOLOGY; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL AB The cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter), is an early-season pest of developing cotton in Central Texas and other regions of the Cotton Belt. Cotton fleahopper populations develop on spring weed hosts and move to cotton as weed hosts senesce or if other weed hosts are not readily available. To identify weed hosts that were seasonably available for the cotton fleahopper in Central Texas, blooming weed species were sampled during early-season (17 March-31 May), mid-season (1 June-14 August), late-season (15 August-30 November), and overwintering (I December-16 March) periods. The leading hosts for cotton fleahopper adults and nymphs were evening primrose (Oenothera speciosa T. Nuttall) and Mexican hat [Ratibida columnifera (T. Nuttall) E. Wooton and P. Standley], respectively, during the early season. During the mid-season, silver-leaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium A. Cavanilles) was consistently a host for fleahopper nymphs and adults. Woolly croton (Croton capitatus A. Michaux) was a leading host during the late season. Cotton fleahoppers were not collected during the overwintering period. Other suitable hosts were available before previously reported leading hosts became available. Eight previously unreported weed species were documented as temporary hosts. A compendium of reported hosts, which includes >160 plant species representing 35 families, for the cotton fleahopper is provided for future research addressing insect-host plant associations. Leading plant families were Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Onagraceae. Results presented here indicate a strong argument for assessing weed species diversity and abundance for the control of the cotton fleahopper in the Cotton Belt. C1 [Esquivel, J. F.; Esquivel, S. V.] USDA ARS, SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Esquivel, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM jesus.Esquivel@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 766 EP 780 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 454BE UT WOS:000266655800029 PM 19508786 ER PT J AU Brown, RL Landolt, PJ Horton, DR Zack, RS AF Brown, Robert L. Landolt, Peter J. Horton, David R. Zack, Richard S. TI Attraction of Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to Female Psylla in Pear Orchards SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cacopsylla pyricola; pear psylla; diel periodicity; sex attraction ID CALIFORNIA VINEYARDS; SEX-PHEROMONE; HOMOPTERA; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; DIAPAUSE; SHOOTS AB The pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Forster), is a major economic pest of pears in North America and Europe. Laboratory studies have shown that males of both the summerform and winterform morphotypes in this species are attracted to volatiles given off by females. This study tested whether attraction by males to females can be shown in the field. We showed that males had a clear preference for sticky traps that bad been baited with live females compared with traps baited with live males or traps that were left unbaited. Female C pyricola did not exhibit a preference among the three types of trap treatments. These results were obtained for both morphotypes. Trap catch was also monitored at 2-h intervals to assess whether capture of males on female-baited traps varied with time of day. Summerform male C. pyricola were caught in highest numbers between 1445 and 1645 hours, whereas winterform males were most often captured between 1300 and 1700 hours on traps baited with females. In both trials, there was again a significant preference by males for the female-baited traps compared with unbaited traps. Long-term practical benefits of the methods developed here provide a platform for the development of more effective monitoring tools, use in mating disruption, or development of lure and kill technologies. C1 [Brown, Robert L.; Zack, Richard S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Landolt, Peter J.; Horton, David R.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bob3brown@yahoo.com RI Brown, Robert L/E-7814-2011 OI Brown, Robert L/0000-0002-2294-5721 FU ARS [5352-22000-017-115]; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission FX We thank C. Guedot, D. Broers, M. Bayer, and L. Tom for help in setting up traps; R. Wilcox and S. Leach for allowing the use of their orchards; and V. Soroker and T. Unruh for reviewing this paper. This work was supported in part by Specific Cooperative Agreement ARS 5352-22000-017-115 and the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 815 EP 822 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 454BE UT WOS:000266655800035 PM 19508792 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Wright, SE Anger, W Chouinard, G Cormier, D Pichette, A Zhan, AJ AF Leskey, Tracy C. Wright, Starker E. Anger, William Chouinard, Gerald Cormier, Daniel Pichette, Andre Zhan, Aijun TI Electroantennogram Technique for Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electroantennogram; weevil; gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection; pheromone; attractant ID ADULT PLUM CURCULIOS; BAITED TRAP TREES; STRAWBERRY BLOSSOM WEEVIL; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; ANTHONOMUS-RUBI; LEAF VOLATILES; APPLE ORCHARDS; MID-ATLANTIC; ODOR AB Reliable electroantennogram (EAG) responses were obtained from the plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), by using a whole body Mount with glass electrodes filled with KCl-saturated AgCl solution that penetrated the antennal club (recording electrode) and the membrane attached to the cervical sclerite between the thorax and the head (indifferent electrode). Known attractive odor sources including extracts of headspace collections of 'Stanley' plum and 'Empire' apple tissues and a synthetic source of racemic grandisoic acid were used to verify the sensitivity of the technique. The amplitude of responses was significantly greater for females than males among all candidate stimuli evaluated. The recorded amplitudes for all odor stimuli evaluated were significantly greater than the methylene chloride solvent control. The development of this EAG technique will facilitate use of a coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection system to aid in detection of novel, biologically and behaviorally active volatile sources that can be subsequently evaluated in behavioral trials and ultimately lead to more powerful attractants for use in monitoring and management programs for plum curculios in commercial fruit orchards. C1 [Leskey, Tracy C.; Wright, Starker E.; Anger, William] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Chouinard, Gerald; Cormier, Daniel] IRDA, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7B8, Canada. [Pichette, Andre] Univ Quebec, Chicoutimi, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. [Zhan, Aijun] USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tracy.leskey@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 870 EP 878 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 454BE UT WOS:000266655800041 PM 19508798 ER PT J AU Paveglio, TB Jakes, PJ Carroll, MS Williams, DR AF Paveglio, Travis B. Jakes, Pamela J. Carroll, Matthew S. Williams, Daniel R. TI Understanding Social Complexity Within the Wildland-Urban Interface: A New Species of Human Habitation? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildland urban interface; Community; Wildland fire; Adaptive capacity; Social diversity; Hazards ID UNITED-STATES; FIRE RISK; COMMUNITIES; PLACE; MANAGEMENT; LESSONS; WEST AB The lack of knowledge regarding social diversity in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) or an in-depth understanding of the ways people living there interact to address common problems is concerning, perhaps even dangerous, given that community action is necessary for successful wildland fire preparedness and natural resource management activities. In this article, we lay out the knowledge and preliminary case study evidence needed to begin systematically documenting the differing levels and types of adaptive capacity WUI communities have for addressing collective problems such as wildland fire hazard. In order to achieve this end, we draw from two theoretical perspectives encompassing humans' interactions with their environment, including (1) Kenneth Wilkinson's interactional approach to community, (2) and certain elements of place literature. We also present case study research on wildfire protection planning in two drastically different California communities to illustrate how social diversity influences adaptive capacity to deal with hazards such as wildland fire. These perspectives promote an image of the WUI not as a monolithic entity but a complex mosaic of communities with different needs and existing capacities for wildland fire and natural resource management. C1 [Paveglio, Travis B.; Carroll, Matthew S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Jakes, Pamela J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Williams, Daniel R.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Paveglio, TB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM travispaveglio@wsu.edu RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 FU Joint Fire Science Program; Northern Research Station and Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture FX This research was supported in part by funds provided by the Joint Fire Science Program and the Northern Research Station and Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 52 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1095 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9282-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 458NG UT WOS:000267030200012 PM 19238478 ER PT J AU Ding, SL Mehrabi, R Koten, C Kang, ZS Wei, YD Seong, KY Kistler, HC Xu, JR AF Ding, Shengli Mehrabi, Rahim Koten, Cornelia Kang, Zhensheng Wei, Yangdou Seong, Kyeyong Kistler, H. Corby Xu, Jin-Rong TI Transducin Beta-Like Gene FTL1 Is Essential for Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; COREPRESSOR COMPLEX; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; BIOSYNTHETIC GENE; WHEAT SPIKES; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; REDUCED VIRULENCE; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; FEMALE FERTILITY AB Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley. In a previous study, we identified several mutants with reduced virulence by insertional mutagenesis. A transducin beta-like gene named FTL1 was disrupted in one of these nonpathogenic mutants. FTL1 is homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae SIF2, which is a component of the Set3 complex involved in late stages of ascospore formation. The Delta ftl1 mutant was significantly reduced in conidiation and failed to cause typical disease symptoms. It failed to colonize the vascular tissues of rachis or cause necrosis on the rachis of inoculated wheat heads. The Delta ftl1 mutant also was defective in spreading from infected anthers to ovaries and more sensitive than the wild type to plant defensins MsDef1 and osmotin. However, the activation of two mitogen-activated protein kinases, Mgv1 and Gpmk1, production of deoxynivalenol, and expression of genes known to be important for plant infection in F. graminearum were not affected, indicating that the defect of the Delta ftl1 mutant in plant infection is unrelated to known virulence factors in this pathogen and may involve novel mechanisms. The Delta ftl1 deletion mutant was significantly reduced in histone deacetylation, and many members of the yeast Set3 complex are conserved in F. graminearum. FTL1 appears to be a component of this well-conserved protein complex that plays a critical role in the penetration and colonization of wheat tissues. C1 [Ding, Shengli; Mehrabi, Rahim; Koten, Cornelia; Xu, Jin-Rong] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kang, Zhensheng; Xu, Jin-Rong] NW A&F Univ, Biotech Ctr, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Kang, Zhensheng; Xu, Jin-Rong] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wei, Yangdou] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Seong, Kyeyong; Kistler, H. Corby] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Xu, JR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St,Lilly Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jinrong@purdue.edu RI Zhao, jing/B-7349-2008; Mehrabi, Rahim/S-1800-2016 OI Mehrabi, Rahim/0000-0002-5098-9123 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES [200335319-13829, 2007-35319-102681] FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative to H. C. K. and J.-R. X. and grants to J.- R. X. from the National Research Initiative of the USDA CSREES (numbers 200335319-13829 and 2007-35319-102681). NR 59 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD JUN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 6 BP 867 EP 876 DI 10.1128/EC.00048-09 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 453VD UT WOS:000266640100007 PM 19377037 ER PT J AU Pang, MX Percy, RG Hughs, E Zhang, JF AF Pang, Mingxiong Percy, R. G. Hughs, Ed. Zhang, Jinfa TI Promoter anchored amplified polymorphism based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (PAAP-RAPD) in cotton SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Molecular markers; Promoter anchored amplified polymorphism (PAAP) ID REGULATORY ELEMENTS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; DATABASE; REPRODUCIBILITY; GENOMES; MARKERS; AFLP; PCR; MAP AB Non-coding sequences account for a majority of the higher plant genome, some of which have important effects in gene regulation and plant development. In an effort to develop molecular marker systems to search for polymorphisms associated with high fiber yield and quality in cotton, we have developed a methodology that could specifically target the regulatory regions of the cotton genome. In this study we designed 10-nucleotide degenerate promoter primers based on conserved core promoter sequences and tested their applicability in PCR amplifications in combination with 10-mer random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. The amplified markers are called promoter anchored amplified polymorphism based on RAPD (PAAP-RAPD). Forty cotton genotypes with diverse genetic and geographical backgrounds were used to test the PAAP-RAPD system using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on PAAP-RAPD markers amplified from 12 primer combinations, the 40 genotypes were classified into five distinctive groups: two Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) groups from China, another two Upland cotton groups from the USA, and one group from American Pima cotton (G. barbadense). The groupings are in general consistent with their genetic and geographical origins. Thirty-six PAAP-RAPD and RAPD fragments were cloned and four of them were further subjected to sequence analysis. Signal scanning using software PLACE confirmed that they contained an array of cis-regulatory sequences in addition to the core promoter sequences. The results demonstrate the potential application of PAAP-RAPD as a new marker system specifically targeting regulatory regions of the plant genome. C1 [Pang, Mingxiong; Zhang, Jinfa] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Percy, R. G.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Hughs, Ed.] ARS, USDA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jinzhang@nmsu.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUN PY 2009 VL 167 IS 3 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.1007/s10681-008-9850-y PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 441RO UT WOS:000265788400002 ER PT J AU Bechere, E Auld, DL Hequet, E AF Bechere, Efrem Auld, D. L. Hequet, E. TI Development of 'naked-tufted' seed coat mutants for potential use in cotton production SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Ethyl methane sulfonate; Fiber quality; Mutagenesis; Naked seeds ID UPLAND COTTON; REGISTRATION; LOCI AB Use of chemical mutagenesis has been highly successful in most major crops. The objective of this research was to develop 'naked-tufted' seed mutants and to incorporate this genetic trait into cotton to enhance crop quality and reduce processing costs. In 1997, six commercial cultivars were treated with 2.45% v/v ethyl methane sulfonate. In 1999, three M(3) plants were identified that had partially naked seed coats. The trait was stabilized through individual plant selections from 2000 to 2004. During 2005 and 2006, the homozygous naked-tufted M(8) mutant lines were evaluated for lint yield, lint percent, fibers/seed, fibers/mm(2), fiber quality, seed oil content, ginning efficiency and yarn spinning performance. Overall, the naked-tufted seed mutants had lower lint yield, lower fibers/seed, lower lint/seed, and lower fibers/mm(2) when compared with their original fuzzy parents. The lint turnout from the mutants was similar to the fuzzy parents and the commercial cultivars. The naked-tufted seed mutants had higher seed oil percent, 6-17% lower short fiber contents, significantly reduced seed coat neps (37-42%), higher elongation and yarn tenacity than their fuzzy counterparts. Preliminary data also showed that the naked-tufted mutants required less energy to gin. C1 [Bechere, Efrem] ARS, USDA, CG & PRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Auld, D. L.; Hequet, E.] Texas Tech Univ, Plant & Soil Sci Deptartment, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Bechere, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CG & PRU, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM efrem.bechere@ars.usda.gov RI Hequet, Eric/A-9802-2008 FU Cotton Incorporated; International Cotton Research Center at Texas Tech University FX We would like to thank Cotton Incorporated and the International Cotton Research Center at Texas Tech University for their financial support in carrying out this research. This research was carried out at Texas Tech University where the senior author was working as a cotton breeder. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUN PY 2009 VL 167 IS 3 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-9890-y PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 441RO UT WOS:000265788400007 ER PT J AU Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Thaxton, P AF Wu, Jixiang Jenkins, Johnie N. McCarty, Jack C. Thaxton, Peggy TI Seed trait evaluation of Gossypium barbadense L. chromosomes/arms in a G-hirsutum L. background SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Chromosome substitution line; Cotton; Seed traits; Chromosome associations ID UPLAND COTTON CULTIVARS; SUBSTITUTION LINES; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; QUALITY TRAITS; OIL; FIBER; TOPCROSSES; YIELD AB Investigation of cotton nutritional components is important because its seeds provide a useful nutritional profile and can possibly serve as a biofuel resource. In this study, five cultivars, 13 cotton chromosome substitution (CS-B) lines, their donor parent, '3-79', and their recurrent parent, 'TM-1', were evaluated for seed traits over four environments. A mixed linear model approach with the jackknife method was employed to estimate variance components and to predict genotypic effects for each seed trait. Genotypic effects were more important than genotype by environment interaction for all seed traits. Chromosome associations with these seed traits were detected using the comparative method by comparing the differences between each CS-B line and TM-1. For example, chromosome 4 of 3-79 in TM-1 background was associated with reduced seed index (SI), embryo percentage, protein percentage while associated with increased seed oil percentage and seed fiber percentage. Other chromosome associations with these seed traits were also observed in this study. SI was highly correlated with three seed index traits: seed protein index, seed oil index (OI), and seed fiber index. Lint percentage, boll number, and lint yield were positively correlated with protein percentage while negatively correlated with SI and OI. SI and seed fiber content exhibited negative correlations with micronaire but positive correlations with fiber length and strength. Results suggested that agronomic traits and seed nutrition components can be improved simultaneously. C1 [Wu, Jixiang] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Jenkins, Johnie N.; McCarty, Jack C.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Thaxton, Peggy] Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Wu, JX (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, POB 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Jixiang.wu@ars.usda.gov; johnie.jenkins@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 FU Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station [900100] FX This study was supported by Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (Project No. 900100). NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUN PY 2009 VL 167 IS 3 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-9896-5 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 441RO UT WOS:000265788400010 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Wu, JX Gutierrez, OA AF Jenkins, Johnie N. McCarty, Jack C., Jr. Wu, Jixiang Gutierrez, Osman A. TI Genetic variance components and genetic effects among eleven diverse upland cotton lines and their F2 hybrids SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Hybrids; Cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; Breeding; Genetics; Genetic variances ID CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION LINES; ACCESSION DERIVED GERMPLASM; HOST-PLANT GERMPLASM; DAY-NEUTRAL GENES; COMBINING ABILITY; YIELD COMPONENTS; CULTIVAR CROSSES; FIBER; INTROGRESSION; TRAITS AB Selecting high yielding upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. lines with improved fiber quality is a primary breeding goal. A diverse set of ten cultivars and one breeding line were crossed in a half diallel. Parents and F(2) hybrids were grown in three environments at Mississippi State, MS. Ten agronomic and fiber traits were analyzed by a mixed linear model approach based on the additive-dominance genetic model. Variance component, genetic effects and genetic correlations were calculated. 'Acala Ultima' was a desirable general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, strength, micronaire, lint percentage, and boll weight. 'FiberMax 966' was a desirable general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, strength, and all agronomic traits. 'Tamcot Pyramid' and M240 were poor general combiners for both fiber and agronomic traits. 'Coker 315' was a good general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, micronaire, boll weight, boll number, and yield. Heterozygous dominance effects were associated with several crosses, which suggest their use as hybrids. C1 [Jenkins, Johnie N.; McCarty, Jack C., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Wu, Jixiang; Gutierrez, Osman A.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Jenkins, JN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM johnie.jenkins@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 FU Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC FX Partial support for this research was provided by Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUN PY 2009 VL 167 IS 3 BP 397 EP 408 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-9902-y PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 441RO UT WOS:000265788400012 ER PT J AU AbuMweis, SS Vanstone, CA Lichtenstein, AH Jones, PJH AF AbuMweis, S. S. Vanstone, C. A. Lichtenstein, A. H. Jones, P. J. H. TI Plant sterol consumption frequency affects plasma lipid levels and cholesterol kinetics in humans SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE plant sterols; single dose; LDL cholesterol; diet; lipoproteins ID MILDLY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SUBJECTS; SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANT CONCENTRATIONS; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; SITOSTANOL ESTER-MARGARINE; LOW-FAT DIET; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; LDL-CHOLESTEROL; REDUCE CHOLESTEROL; DEUTERIUM INCORPORATION; ENRICHED MARGARINES AB Background/Objectives: To compare the efficacy of single versus multiple doses of plant sterols on circulating lipid level and cholesterol trafficking. Subjects/Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, three-phase (6 days/phase) crossover, supervised feeding trial was conducted in 19 subjects. Subjects were provided (i) control margarine with each meal; (ii) 1.8 g/day plant sterols in margarine with breakfast (single-BF) and control margarine with lunch and supper or (iii) 1.8 g/day plant sterols in margarine divided equally at each of the three daily meals (three times per day). Results: Relative to control, end point plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) after consuming plant sterols three times per day but were not different when consumed once per day (3.43 +/- 0.62, 3.22 +/- 0.58 and 3.30 +/- 0.65 mmol/l,control, three times per day and single-BF, respectively). Relative to the control, end point LDL level was 0.21 +/- 0.27 mmol/l (6%) lower (P < 0.05) at the end of the three times per day phase. Cholesterol fractional synthesis rate was highest (P < 0.05) after the three times per day phase (0.0827 +/- 0.0278, 0.0834 +/- 0.0245 and 0.0913 +/- 0.0221 pool/day, control, single-BF and three times per day, respectively). Cholesterol-absorption efficiency decreased (P < 0.05) by 36 and 39% after the three times per day and single-BF phase, respectively, relative to control. Conclusions: Present data indicate that to obtain optimal cholesterol-lowering impact, plant sterols should be consumed as smaller doses given more often, rather than one large dose. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, 747-755; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2008.36; published online 4 June 2008 C1 [Jones, P. J. H.] Univ Manitoba, Richardson Ctr Funct Foods & Nutraceut, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada. [AbuMweis, S. S.; Vanstone, C. A.; Jones, P. J. H.] McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Lichtenstein, A. H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jones, PJH (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Richardson Ctr Funct Foods & Nutraceut, 196 Innovation Dr,Smartpk, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada. EM peter_jones@umanitoba.ca OI Jones, Peter/0000-0001-5887-2846 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 63 IS 6 BP 747 EP 755 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2008.36 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 452WN UT WOS:000266572000006 PM 18523440 ER PT J AU Goradia, L Hartman, GL Daniel, SL AF Goradia, Lopa Hartman, Glen L. Daniel, Steven L. TI Evaluation of glyphosate-tolerant soybean cultivars for resistance to bacterial pustule SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines; Roundup Ready (R) soybeans; Foliar bacterial pathogen ID CAMPESTRIS PV GLYCINES; UNITED-STATES; XANTHOMONAS; MAX AB Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines causes bacterial pustule of soybean, which is a common disease in many soybean-growing areas of the world and is controlled by a single recessive gene (rxp gene) commonly found in many conventional glyphosate-sensitive soybean cultivars. Since glyphosate-tolerant cultivars are commonly planted today, there has been no information about whether these new cultivars have bacterial pustule resistance. The goal of this study was to screen glyphosate-tolerant soybean cultivars for resistance to X. axonopodis pv. glycines. Three experiments were completed to evaluate resistance. In experiment 1, 525 commercial glyphosate-tolerant cultivars from 2001 were inoculated with X. axonopodis pv. glycines strain UIUC-1. Following inoculation, many of the cultivars were resistant (developed no detectable pustule symptoms) although 152 (similar to 29%) developed bacterial pustule. In experiment 2, the aggressiveness of three strains (UIUC-1, UIUC-2, and ATCC 17915) of X. axonopodis pv. glycines were compared on three bacterial pustule-susceptible, glyphosate-tolerant cultivars. One strain (UIUC-1) was less aggressive than the other two (UIUC-2 and ATCC 17915) on all three cultivars examined. In experiment 3, 45 cultivars from 2005 (all different from 2001) were inoculated with X. axonopodis pv. glycines ATCC 17915. A range of disease severities developed with five cultivars (11%) having disease severity ratings as high as or higher than those on a susceptible check cultivar. Overall, these results suggested that resistance to bacterial pustule occurs in glyphosate-tolerant soybean cultivars, but not at 100% frequency, which means bacterial pustule outbreaks could occur when a susceptible cultivar is planted and conditions are conducive for bacterial pustule development. C1 [Goradia, Lopa; Daniel, Steven L.] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Daniel, SL (reprint author), Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. EM sldaniel@eiu.edu FU National Soybean Research Centre at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Illinois Soybean Association; Tiffany Graduate Fund at Eastern Illinois University FX A portion of this work was done during a sabbatical leave (S. L. Daniel) at the National Soybean Research Centre at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. We express our appreciation to Andrea Pabon, Curt Hill, Ron Warsaw, and Theresa Herman for their help on this project. Funding for this project was provided by the Illinois Soybean Association and the Tiffany Graduate Fund at Eastern Illinois University. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 124 IS 2 BP 331 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s10658-008-9410-2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 442HO UT WOS:000265832500012 ER PT J AU Venkatesh, M Abrams, S AF Venkatesh, Mohan Abrams, Steven TI Can lactoferrin prevent neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis? SO EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY LA English DT Review DE broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; immunity; inflammation; lactoferrin; necrotizing enterocolitis; neonate; sepsis ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ADMINISTERED BOVINE LACTOFERRIN; PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR; COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; MILK PROTEIN LACTOFERRIN; AZOLE ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; IRON-BINDING PROTEIN; IN-VITRO AB Despite the use of potent antimicrobials, neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The emergence of microbial antibiotic resistance is a grave concern. inflammation secondary to sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis increases pulmonary and cerebral morbidity. New strategies that target inflammation and reduce the emergence of antibiotic resistance are urgently needed. Lactoferrin has broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. In animal models of colitis, lactoferrin reduces inflammatory injury. Lactoferrin also induces the receptor-mediated proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells. A randomized, controlled trial of lactoferrin in premature neonates to prevent late-onset sepsis is currently in progress. Lactoferrin is a promising agent in the prevention of neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis but needs further evaluation to confirm its safety, tolerability and efficacy. C1 [Venkatesh, Mohan] Texas Childrens Hosp, Sect Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Venkatesh, Mohan] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Abrams, Steven] USDA, Child Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Venkatesh, M (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Sect Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mohanv@bcm.edu; sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 142 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-7210 J9 EXPERT REV ANTI-INFE JI Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 7 IS 5 BP 515 EP 525 DI 10.1586/ERI.09.25 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 460HS UT WOS:000267179400010 PM 19485792 ER PT J AU Li, L Duker, JS Yoshida, Y Niki, E Rasmussen, H Russell, RM Yeum, KJ AF Li, L. Duker, J. S. Yoshida, Y. Niki, E. Rasmussen, H. Russell, R. M. Yeum, K-J TI Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in older adults with early cataract SO EYE LA English DT Article DE early cataract; antioxidants; oxidative stress; lipid peroxidation; total antioxidant performance ID NUCLEAR LENS OPACITIES; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; NUTRIENT INTAKE; RISK-FACTORS; SENILE CATARACT; MACULAR PIGMENT; HUMAN PLASMA; CAROTENOIDS; AGE; BLOOD AB Purpose Oxidative stress and antioxidant status were determined in forty healthy men and postmenopausal women aged 50-70 years (F25, M15), who underwent concurrent eye examinations. Methods Blood samples were collected for analysing major well-known antioxidants by HPLC systems with UV and ECD detectors, total antioxidant performance using a fluorometry, lipid peroxidation determined by malondialdehyde using a HPLC system with a fluorescent detector and by total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE) and F2-isoprotanes (8-iso-PGF(2 alpha)) using GC-MS. Results Twenty-seven (F17, M10) of the 40 subjects were diagnosed to have early cataracts at the onset of the study, which were regarded as age appropriate lens opacities. There was no significant difference in plasma major antioxidants, total antioxidant performance, and lipid peroxidation determined by malondialdehyde as well as 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) between the groups with and without early cataract. However, isomers of 9- and 13-(Z,E)-HODE levels were significantly higher in subjects with early cataract as compared with those of non-cataract subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our data suggest that subjects with early cataract are under increased systemic oxidative stress, which can be identified by a sensitive biomarker of lipid peroxidation, such as isomers of HODE. Eye (2009) 23, 1464-1468; doi:10.1038/eye.2008.281; published online 19 September 2008 C1 [Li, L.; Rasmussen, H.; Russell, R. M.; Yeum, K-J] Tufts Univ, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Li, L.] Qingdao Univ, Coll Med, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Duker, J. S.] Tufts Med Ctr, New England Eye Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Yoshida, Y.; Niki, E.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Osaka, Japan. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kyungjin.yeum@tufts.edu RI YOSHIDA, YASUKAZU/H-8510-2016 OI YOSHIDA, YASUKAZU/0000-0001-6034-2502 FU US Department of Agriculture [1950-51000-065-08S]; [NEI R03EY015674] FX This research has been supported in part by NEI R03EY015674 and the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement number 1950-51000-065-08S, USA. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-222X J9 EYE JI Eye PD JUN PY 2009 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1464 EP 1468 DI 10.1038/eye.2008.281 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 457BP UT WOS:000266900500035 PM 18806766 ER PT J AU Rooney, AP Price, NPJ Ray, KJ Kuo, TM AF Rooney, Alejandro P. Price, Neil P. J. Ray, Karen J. Kuo, Tsung-Min TI Isolation and characterization of rhamnolipid-producing bacterial strains from a biodiesel facility SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE rhamnolipids; biodiesel; glycerol; biosurfactant; MALDI-TOF MS ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCTION; GLYCEROL AB Novel strains of rhamnolipid-producing bacteria were isolated from soils at a biodiesel facility on the basis of their ability to grow oil glycerol as a sole carbon source. Strains were identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter hormaechei, Pantoea stewartii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains of the former five species were found to produce rhamnolipids in quantities the same as, or similar to, coisolated strains of P aeruginosa. Measurements of surface tension revealed that that emulsifying properties of these strains were similar to levels displayed by rhamnolipids produced by P aeruginosa. Results of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-night MS analyses revealed that the predominant compounds made by all strains were C(10)-C(10) mono- and dirhamnolipids. Notably, E. hormaechei and one strain of A. calcoaceticus produced rhamnolipids ill amounts similar to the pseudomonads. As all strains examined were from the same taxonomic class of Proteobacteria, further examination of this group may reveal many additional species not previously known to produce rhamnolipids in addition to novel strains of Species currently known to produce rhamnolipids. C1 [Rooney, Alejandro P.; Ray, Karen J.; Kuo, Tsung-Min] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Price, Neil P. J.] ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rooney, AP (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM alejandro.rooney@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 295 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01581.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 452OW UT WOS:000266551800011 PM 19473254 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Nishimoto, JI Edu, J AF Shelly, Todd E. Nishimoto, Jon I. Edu, James TI INFLUENCE OF METHOPRENE ON THE AGE-RELATED MATING PROPENSITY OF MALES OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY AND THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera dorsalis; Ceratitis capitata; Sterile Insect Technique; hormone therapy; Tephritidae; methoprene ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; SEXUAL PERFORMANCE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; FLIES DIPTERA; DIET; POLYMORPHISM; ANASTREPHA; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS AB The application of juvenile hormone (or chemical analogs, such as methoprene) to newly emerged adult male fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) represents a promising method to improve the efficiency of the Sterile Insect Technique against economically important species. This procedure has been shown to accelerate male sexual maturity in species with a long pre-copulatory period, and could allow for release of sterile males at younger ages and a greater release rate of sterile males overall. Topical application of methoprene has been shown to enhance male mating competitiveness. The present study investigated the effect of methoprene on maturation speed in males of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (a 'slow' maturing species) and the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (a 'fast' maturing species). For both species, newly emerged males were treated with acetone containing methoprene (treated) or acetone alone (control). The mating propensity of males was then monitored in non-competitive environments with mature females. Contrary to other studies, we found no evidence that methoprene accelerated male sexual activity in either a wild-like or mass-reared strain of B. dorsalis or a mass-reared (genetic sexing strain) of C. capitata. Possible explanations for these results are discussed. C1 [Shelly, Todd E.; Nishimoto, Jon I.; Edu, James] USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700001 ER PT J AU Hight, SD Carpenter, JE AF Hight, Stephen D. Carpenter, James E. TI FLIGHT PHENOLOGY OF MALE CACTOBLASTIS CACTORUM (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) AT DIFFERENT LATITUDES IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE flight phenology; Cactoblastis cactorum; invasive pest; pheromone trapping ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NORTH-AMERICA; MANAGEMENT; STERILITY; INVASION; OPUNTIA; MEXICO; IMPACT; CACTUS AB Long term trapping studies of the invasive moth Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) were conducted at various latitudes from Puerto Rico to South Carolina. Three flight periods per year were identified at the 5 temperate sites studied, which covered the majority of the infested range on mainland United States. In general, the 3 flight periods across a latitudinal gradient from south Florida to central, coastal South Carolina were a spring flight during Feb-May, a summer flight during Jun-Aug, and a fall flight during Sep-Nov. At any 1 site, each flight period lasted about 2 months. In the tropical areas of the Florida Keys and a Caribbean Island, the insect exhibited overlapping generations. Previous studies of this insect (as a biological control agent) report 2 flight periods per year in its native range of Argentina and its introduced range of Australia and South Africa. A synthetic pheromone-baited trap was a good indicator of generational time, and we suggest that trapping assays in these areas will likely identify 3 generations rather than 2. Initiation and timing of the 3 generational flights has importance in the current United States and Mexico monitoring program for presence and expansion of this invasive pest, development of mapping programs to identify monitoring windows and management efforts with the Sterile Insect Technique. C1 [Hight, Stephen D.] USDA ARS CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, FAMU, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Carpenter, James E.] USDA ARS CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Hight, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, FAMU, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 14 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 208 EP 216 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700003 ER PT J AU Hanula, JL Wade, DD O'Brien, J Loeb, SC AF Hanula, James L. Wade, Dale D. O'Brien, Joseph Loeb, Susan C. TI GROUND-DWELLING ARTHROPOD ASSOCIATION WITH COARSE WOODY DEBRIS FOLLOWING LONG-TERM DORMANT SEASON PRESCRIBED BURNING IN THE LONGLEAF PINE FLATWOODS OF NORTH FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE prescribed burning; coarse woody debris; habitat heterogeneity ID SAPROXYLIC BEETLES COLEOPTERA; WESTERN CANADA; PITFALL TRAPS; FOREST; FIRE; ASSEMBLAGES; INVERTEBRATES; POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; CARABIDAE AB A 5-year study of long-term (40 years) study plots was conducted on the Osceola National Forest in northern Florida to determine how dormant-season fire frequency (annual, biennial, quadrennial, or unburned) affects ground-dwelling macroarthropod use of coarse woody debris in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests. Pitfall traps were used to sample arthropods near logs or metal drift fences of equal length. Samples were identified to genus or the lowest practical taxonomic level. Overall, significantly more arthropods and more arthropod biomass were captured near drift fences than neat, logs. Similarity of arthropods captured near logs or drift fences ranged from 64.4% in annually burned plots to 69.2% in quadrennially burned plots, with no significant differences noted. Likewise, Shannon diversity, evenness, richness, and number of rare genera were the same for traps regardless of the trap location. Interaction between fires and trap location were observed in 31 of 932 arthropod taxa. Of those, 10 taxa had significantly higher numbers captured in traps near logs in some burn treatments but there was no consistent pattern between log use and fire frequency. In most cases, more were captured in log pitfalls in frequently burned plots but that was not the case for at least 4 taxa. Where interactions between trap location and fire frequency were not significant, arthropods in an additional 101 taxa were captured in higher numbers at 1 trap location or the other. Of those, 73 were captured in higher numbers in pitfalls near drift fences and 28 were captured in higher numbers near logs. Results showed no increase in log usage by general or more mobile ground-dwelling arthropods as more frequent burning reduced the herbaceous and woody under story. However, logs were clearly important to a wide variety of arthropods regardless of burn frequency. C1 [Hanula, James L.; Wade, Dale D.; O'Brien, Joseph] USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Loeb, Susan C.] Clemson Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Hanula, JL (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. FU Nature Conservancy's Ecosystem Research Program; A. W Mellon Foundation FX We thank Arthur Phalo for coordinating sample collection, processing, and data entry. Numerous student workers sorted samples day in and day out, Frances Brookshire labeled sample vials and proofed data, and Lee Reynolds identified many of the specimens. We thank James Pitts for identifications of spiders and Hymenoptera, and Cecil Smith for taxonomic help on other groups. Keith Lawrence and the staff on the Osceola National Forest provided invaluable assistance throughout this study. Stan Zarnoch helped with statistical analyses, and Simon Grove and Jeff Lemieux provided helpful comments on previous drafts of this paper. Finally, we thank the Nature Conservancy's Ecosystem Research Program and the A. W Mellon Foundation who provided funding for this work. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 229 EP 242 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700006 ER PT J AU Casagrande, R Van Driesche, RG Mayer, M Fuester, R Gilrein, D Tewksbury, L Faubert, H AF Casagrande, R. Van Driesche, R. G. Mayer, M. Fuester, R. Gilrein, D. Tewksbury, L. Faubert, H. TI BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FENUSA PUSILLA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES: A THIRTY-FOUR YEAR PERSPECTIVE ON EFFICACY SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Fenusa pusilla; Lathrolestes nigricollis; birch leafminer; Betula spp. biological control; evaluation; efficacy ID BIRCH LEAFMINER; PARASITES; QUEBEC; ESTABLISHMENT; ICHNEUMONIDAE AB Parasitoid releases against the birch leafminer Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in eastern North America began in 1974, with releases in eastern Canada, followed by others in the Middle Atlantic States and New England. Of 4 parasitoids released, only 1, the ichneumonid Lathrolestes nigricollis (Thompson), established and spread widely. Studies of its preliminary impacts were made in several locations in the 1980s and 1990s, but full impact of the parasitoid on host density was not yet achieved in that period. Here we report results of surveys in 7 states (MA, CT, RI, NY, PA, NJ, DE) in 2007 documenting the current birch leaf miner levels (as % of leaves mined in spring) and parasitism. Survey results show that the pest has declined dramatically to barely detectable levels in 5 states (MA, CT, RI, NY, PA) but that in southern NJ, the pest remains abundant (ca 50% leaves mined) despite significant parasitism levels. Survey results, in context with previous evaluations made when populations were still declining, show that the project has been completely successful in much of the northeastern USA, but that there is a southern limit to efficacy in mid-New Jersey. Possible reasons for lack of control in this area, in contrast to high levels of control elsewhere, are discussed. C1 [Casagrande, R.; Tewksbury, L.; Faubert, H.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Van Driesche, R. G.] Univ Massachusetts, PSIS, Div Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mayer, M.] New Jersey Dept Agr, Beneficial Insect Rearing Lab, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Fuester, R.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Gilrein, D.] Cornell Extens, Long Isl Hort Res Lab, Riverhead, NY 11901 USA. RP Casagrande, R (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. FU Cooperative State Research Extension; Education Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Experiment Stations [NE1032] FX This research was supported by the Cooperative State Research Extension, Education Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of participating states with coordination through the regional biological control project NE1032. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700007 ER PT J AU Vitullo, J Zhang, AJ Mannion, C Bergh, JC AF Vitullo, Justin Zhang, Aijun Mannion, Catharine Bergh, J. Christopher TI EXPRESSION OF FEEDING SYMPTOMS FROM PINK HIBISCUS MEALYBUG (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) BY COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT CULTIVARS OF HIBISCUS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Maconellicoccus hirsutus; Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; host tolerance ID MACONELLICOCCUS-HIRSUTUS HEMIPTERA AB The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), is a highly polyphagous pest that invaded southern Florida in 2002 and is now widely established throughout most of the state. Although Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. is a preferred and economically important host of M. hirsutus, the susceptibility and expression of feeding symptoms by different cultivars have not been evaluated. Cultivars of H. rosa-sinensis were infested with M. hirsutus and evaluated daily for 40 d for the onset and percentage of terminals expressing feeding symptoms. Under different initial densities of M. hirsutus, the cultivar 'President' showed no difference in the latency to expression of feeding symptoms, which occurred between 7 and 15 d after infestation, but did show significant differences between initial density and percentage of terminals expressing feeding symptoms from 10 d onward. When infested with 20 females, 80% of 'President' terminals exhibited symptoms 30 d after infestation. Four other cultivars initially infested with 10 female M. hirsutus showed significant differences in the onset and severity of feeding symptoms. All plants of the cultivars 'Florida Sunset' and 'Joanne' expressed damage symptoms at 12 +/- 2 SE d and 10 +/- 1 d, respectively, following infestation. Only a single plant of the cultivars 'Double Red' and 'Snow Queen' showed such symptoms at 19 and 30 d after infestation, respectively. Significant differences between cultivar and the percentage of terminals expressing feeding symptoms were observed from 20 d onward. Terminals sampled from all plants after 40 d revealed that egg, nymph, and adult female M. hirsutus were found on all plants, including those that did not exhibit feeding symptoms. These data have shown that hibiscus cultivars differ in their expression of M. hirsutus feeding symptoms, that M. hirsutus can reproduce on cultivars of hibiscus that do not express feeding symptoms, and that feeding symptoms are not a reliable indicator of infestation by M. hirsutus, highlighting the need for further investigation of the mechanisms underlying differences among cultivars. C1 [Vitullo, Justin] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Aijun] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mannion, Catharine] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Bergh, J. Christopher] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. RP Vitullo, J (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU USDA-CSREES Southern Region IPM Program [2007-34103-18140] FX We thank the USDA-CSREES Southern Region IPM Program, Award 2007-34103-18140 for funding, Garden Depot (Miami, FL) for donating plants, and H. Glen for technical assistance. Thanks to R. Fell (Dept. of Entomology, Virginia Tech) and D. Pfeiffer (Dept. of Entomology, Virginia Tech) for advising expertise. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 248 EP 254 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700008 ER PT J AU Mc Kay, F Oleiro, M Walsh, GC Gandolfo, D Cuda, JP Wheeler, GS AF Mc Kay, Fernando Oleiro, Marina Cabrera Walsh, Guillermo Gandolfo, Daniel Cuda, James P. Wheeler, Gregory S. TI NATURAL ENEMIES OF BRAZILIAN PEPPERTREE (SAPINDALES: ANACARDIACEAE) FROM ARGENTINA: THEIR POSSIBLE USE FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN THE USA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE foreign exploration; classical biological control; Schinus terebinthifolius; host range; invasive weed; Florida Everglades ID MEGASTIGMUS-TRANSVAALENSIS HYMENOPTERA; SCHINUS-TEREBINTHIFOLIUS ANACARDIACEAE; HOST-SPECIFICITY TESTS; HETEROPERREYIA-HUBRICHI; SOUTH FLORIDA; CONTROL AGENT; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; CANDIDATE; TORYMIDAE AB Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae) is a perennial tree native to Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. The plant was introduced into the USA before 1900. Originally grown as an ornamental, Brazilian peppertree is now considered an noxious plant in Hawaii and Florida, where it is ranked among the most important threats to biodiversity in natural areas. Recent surveys conducted in northeastern Argentina recovered one fungus associated with distorted leaves and 36 phytophagous insects collected on Brazilian peppertree. A leaf-feeding notodontid moth, a new species of gracillariid leaf blotch miner, and a stem-boring weevil have been selected for further studies to determine their potential as biological control agents of Brazilian peppertree in the USA. The results of these surveys are summarized herein and descriptions are included of the insects that are considered most promising for biological control of this weed. C1 [Mc Kay, Fernando; Oleiro, Marina; Cabrera Walsh, Guillermo; Gandolfo, Daniel] USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Hurlingham, Argentina. [Cuda, James P.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wheeler, Gregory S.] Univ Florida, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA ARS, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Mc Kay, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Hurlingham, Argentina. EM fmckay@speedy.com.ar FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection; South Florida Water Management District FX We appreciate the generous contributions of numerous workers to this effort. We thank Munoz, J. D. Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios, Parana, Argentina for assistance with identification of the Anacardiaceae of Argentina. For the identification of different insect groups we thank O'Brien, C. (Curculionidae) Greenvalley, AZ, USA; Burckhardt, D. (Psyllidae) Naturhistorisches Museum, Switzerland; Cabrera, N. (Chrysomelidae) and Aquino, D. (Chalcidoidea) Museo de La Plata, Argentina; Avalos, S. (Tacbinidae) Universidad de Cordoba, Argentina; Di Dorio, O. (Cerambycidae) Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Navarro, F. (Mimallonidae) Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Argentina; Whitfield, J. (Braconidae) University of Illinois; Wahl, D. (Ichneumonidae) American Entomological Institute; Prinsloo G. (Torymidae) ARCPlant Protection Research Institute; Becker V. O. (Gelechiidae) Instituto Iracu, Reserva Serra Bonita, Brazil; Brown, J. W (Episimus); Pogue, M. G. (Nystalea ebalea, Protambulyx strigilis; Teemessa elegans); Davis, D. R. (Gracillariidae), Nakahara, S. (Paraleucothrips n. sp.) Smith, D. R. (Symphyta) all from the USDA/ARS/SEL. For the identification of the fungal pathogen we thank Rayamajhi, M. USDA/ARS/IPRL Ft. Lauderdale, FL USA. We thank C. Cagnotti for technical assistance during this study. We thank S. Schooler (CSIRO), S. Hight (USDA-ARS-CMAVE), A. Peard Bugliani, and J. Briano (SABCL) for valuable comments and suggestions on the manuscript. This project was partially funded by Florida Department of Environmental Protection and South Florida Water Management District. This publication is dedicated to 2 great friends and colleagues, Daniel Gandolfo and Javier Jara, whose warm and generous spirits live on with us. NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 18 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 292 EP 303 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700013 ER PT J AU Marutani-Hert, M Hunter, WB Katsar, CS Sinisterra, XH Hall, DG Powell, CA AF Marutani-Hert, Mizuri Hunter, Wayne B. Katsar, Catherine S. Sinisterra, Xiomara H. Hall, David G. Powell, Charles A. TI REOVIRUS-LIKE SEQUENCES ISOLATED FROM ADULT ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID, (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE: DIAPHORINA CITRI) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Psyllidae; psyllids; citrus; HLB; Huanglongbing; Reoviridae; pathogen; virus ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NILAPARVATA-LUGENS REOVIRUS; GENOME; FIJIVIRUS; VIRUS; BACULOVIRUSES; SEGMENT-1; DISEASE; MEMBER AB The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psyllidae), has been identified as a damaging pest and an efficient vector of the plant infecting bacterium (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) which is strongly associated with the disease Huanglongbing (HLB), known as 'Citrus greening disease'. Huanglongbing has caused extensive economic losses in the citrus industries worldwide. Traditional control measures of the psyllid have proven to be ineffective and costly. Biological control measures have been shown to provide environmentally friendly management tools for insect pests. In this study, an expression library was prepared from adult psyllids in search of new pathogens that can be use as biological control agents. We identified 2 viral sequences: one 616 base pairs and a second, 792 base pairs. Both had significant similarity to viruses within the insect Reovirus group. Phylogenetic and homology comparisons indicated that the viral sequences were most closely related to the viruses in the Family Reoviridae, Genus Fijivirus, specifically Nilaparvata lugens reovirus, NLRV. C1 [Marutani-Hert, Mizuri; Hunter, Wayne B.; Hall, David G.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Katsar, Catherine S.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33316 USA. [Sinisterra, Xiomara H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20451 USA. [Powell, Charles A.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Marutani-Hert, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council FX We thank Laura Hunnicutt, Jerry Mozoruk, Maria Gonzales, Christine Lynch, Matthew Hentz, and Kathryn Moulton, Biological science technicians for providing technical assistance and for helpful comments. We thank Dr. Shinji Kawano for helpful discussions about reovirus. We thank Dr. Aaron P. Hert for helpful discussions and review of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council, 2007. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 314 EP 320 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700016 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Oi, DH Porter, SD AF Valles, Steven M. Oi, David H. Porter, Sanford D. TI KNEALLHAZIA (=THELOHANIA) SOLENOPSAE INFECTION RATE OF PSEUDACTEON CURVATUS FLIES DETERMINED BY MULTIPLEX PCR SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; red imported fire ant; phorid fly; biological control; parasite; entomopathogen; microsporidia ID IMPORTED FIRE ANTS; INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; NOSEMA-BOMBYCIS; MICROSPORIDIA; FORMICIDAE; PREVALENCE; FLORIDA; ESTABLISHMENT; TRANSMISSION; VAIRIMORPHA AB A multiplex PCR method was developed and used to determine the infection rate of Kneallhazia solenopsae in individual Pseudacteon curvatus flies in north-central Florida. Among R curvatus flies infected with K. solenopsae, 2 amplicons were produced, one of 800 nucleotides from the R curvatus 18S rRNA gene, and one of 318 nucleotides from the K. solenopsae 16S rRNA gene. Multiplex PCR of DNA extracted from R curvatus flies was capable of detecting 117.5 +/- 82.7 K. solenopsae spore equivalents. The mean K. solenopsae infection rate of R curvatus from 4 sites in Gainesville and Williston, Florida, was 12.3 +/- 5.0%. The K. solenopsae infection rate for R curvatus was independent of the K. solenopsae infection rate observed among S. invicta nests from where the fly collections took place. Not all R curvatus flies that developed in K. solenopsae-infected fire ants were positive for K solenopsae upon eclosion. Among 50 R curvatus flies known to develop in K. solenopsae-infected S. invicta workers, 12 (24%) were positive for K solenopsae at eclosion. C1 [Valles, Steven M.; Oi, David H.; Porter, Sanford D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 344 EP 349 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700020 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JP Shirk, PD Reitz, SR Koenig, R AF Shapiro, Jeffrey P. Shirk, Paul D. Reitz, Stuart R. Koenig, Rose TI SYMPATRY OF ORIUS INSIDIOSUS AND O-PUMILIO (HEMIPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) IN NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE minute pirate bug; Queen Anne's lace; Ammi majus; Frankliniella bispinosa; thrips; sex ratio ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SEX-RATIOS; HETEROPTERA; DISPERSAL; DIAPAUSE AB Two closely related species of Anthocoridae, the minute pirate bugs Orius insidiosus (Say) and O. pumilio (Champion), were collected together from false Queen Anne's lace/large bull-wort (Ammi majus) planted on an organic farm in Gainesville, Alachua Co., FL., over a period of 5 successive weeks. The presumptive prey on the false Queen Anne's lace was a single species of thrips, Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan). In the first 4 weekly collections from the flower heads, the densities of O. insidiosus adults were 2.7-fold higher than those of O. pumilio. No eggs or nymphs of either species were observed on the plants. Sex ratios (males:females) of 2.7 and 1.0 were observed for O. insidiosus and O. pumilio, respectively. A colony of O. insidiosus was established from field-collected specimens. The sex ratio of the F, generation from this colony was 1.0, suggesting that the skewed field sex ratio was not a genetic phenomenon. These data demonstrate that these sympatric predators coexist at least temporarily, feeding on pests of the false Queen Anne's lace. C1 [Shapiro, Jeffrey P.; Shirk, Paul D.; Reitz, Stuart R.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Reitz, Stuart R.] Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Koenig, Rose] Rosies Organ Farm, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. RP Shapiro, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 362 EP 366 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700023 ER PT J AU Epsky, ND Walker, A Kendra, PE AF Epsky, Nancy D. Walker, Alison Kendra, Paul E. TI SAMPLING METHODS FOR MYLLOCERUS UNDECIMPUSTULATUS UNDATUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) ADULTS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Epsky, Nancy D.; Walker, Alison; Kendra, Paul E.] ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, USDA, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Epsky, ND (reprint author), ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, USDA, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 388 EP 390 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700030 ER PT J AU Pena, JE Triapitsyn, SV Long, D Evans, GA Roltsch, W AF Pena, J. E. Triapitsyn, S. V. Long, D. Evans, G. A. Roltsch, W. TI FIRST RECORD OF ERYTHMELUS KLOPOMOR (HYMENOPTERA: MYMARIDAE) AS A PARASITOID OF THE AVOCADO LACE BUG, PSEUDACYSTA PERSEAE (HETEROPTERA: TINGIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pena, J. E.; Long, D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Triapitsyn, S. V.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Evans, G. A.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Roltsch, W.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Integrated Pest Control Branch, Biol Control Program, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. RP Pena, JE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 394 EP 395 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700032 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JP Ferkovich, SM AF Shapiro, Jeffrey P. Ferkovich, Stephen M. TI CORRECTED SPECIES IDENTIFICATION OF THE PREDATOR ORIUS PUMILIO (HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) IN A RESEARCH COLONY SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID ARTIFICIAL DIET; INSIDIOSUS HEMIPTERA; PREY C1 [Shapiro, Jeffrey P.; Ferkovich, Stephen M.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Shapiro, JP (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 399 EP 399 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 457VP UT WOS:000266962700034 ER PT J AU Chua, T Bhagwat, AA AF Chua, Trina Bhagwat, Arvind A. TI A Rapid and Simple DNA Extraction Procedure to Detect Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes from Fresh Produce Using Real-time PCR SO FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Pathogen Detection; Food-borne; Food Safety; Fresh Produce; Food Microbiology ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; TEMPLATE PREPARATION; MEAT-PRODUCTS; FOOD SAMPLES; PATHOGENS; BACTERIA; AMPLIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY AB DNA isolation procedures significantly influence the outcome of PCR-based detection of human pathogens. Unlike clinical samples, DNA isolation from food samples, particularly from fresh and fresh-cut produce has remained a formidable task and has hampered the sensitivity and accuracy of molecular methods. We utilized a commercially available filter-based DNA isolation method (FTA) in conjunction with real-time PCR-based detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The protocol uses filter paper discs impregnated with a patented chemical formulation that lyses cells, immobilizes DNA, and protects it from degradation. Use of the FTA method in conjunction with real-time PCR for the detection of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes was compared with two commercially available DNA isolation procedures that are commonly used for high throughput real-time PCR pathogen detection systems. Both pathogens were successfully detected from artificially inoculated fresh and fresh-cut produce such as alfalfa sprouts, cilantro, green onion, broccoli, prepacked mixed salad, and spinach at low cell numbers (four to seven colony forming units per 25 g initial inoculum level before enrichment). The FTA protocol had distinct advantages of simplicity, biosafety, and compatibility for high throughput screening. This DNA preparation protocol was rapid, sensitive, required minimal handling, and reduced interference from produce-associated inhibitors of real-time PCR. C1 [Chua, Trina; Bhagwat, Arvind A.] ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,Room 117,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arvind.bhagwat@ars.usda.gov FU School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology; Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore FX The study was supported in part by the overseas Industrial Attachment Program of the School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1936-9751 J9 FOOD ANAL METHOD JI Food Anal. Meth. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s12161-008-9032-5 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 418FB UT WOS:000264133000002 ER PT J AU Ganesan, V Rosentrater, KA Muthukumarappan, K AF Ganesan, Vykundeshwari Rosentrater, Kurt A. Muthukumarappan, K. TI Physical and Flow Properties of Regular and Reduced Fat Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Characterization; DDGS Distillers dried grains with solubles; Flowability; Flow properties; Shear testing; Physical properties ID FOOD POWDERS; FLOWABILITY; SOIL AB With the remarkable growth of the US fuel ethanol industry in the past decade, large quantities of corn-based distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are now being produced. Flowability of DDGS has become a problem throughout the industry, as it is often restricted by caking and bridging during storage and transport. The objective of this study was to quantify physical and flow properties of commercially produced unmodified (9.3% db fat) and reduced fat (2.1% db) DDGS to determine if fat level affects flowability. The compressive modulus of reduced fat DDGS was 28.2% higher than unmodified DDGS, but shear stress resistance was the same (0.03 kg/m(2)). Carr testing indicated that reduced fat DDGS had an angle of repose 4.3% lower, and Carr compressibility 70% lower, than unmodified DDGS. However, in terms of uniformity and dispersibility, reduced fat DDGS was, respectively, 100 and 41.5% greater than regular DDGS. Jenike shear testing revealed that reduced fat DDGS had unconfined yield strength and Jenike compressibility values that were 15.7 and 40.0% lower, respectively, than unmodified DDGS, but had major consolidating stress and flowability index values that were 6.7 and 13.2% higher, respectively. For regular DDGS, the flow function curve was located closer to the shear stress axis, which indicated slightly worse flowability than the reduced fat DDGS. Overall, a reduction in the fat content did show slight improvement in some flow properties, especially compressibility. Both types of DDGS were ultimately classified as cohesive in nature. Exploration of the data using a previously developed assessment tool appeared to show that the reduced fat DDGS may have better flow. Continued research should be pursued, including an examination of the effects of other chemical constituents, as well as particle morphology. C1 [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Ganesan, Vykundeshwari; Muthukumarappan, K.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX The authors would like to thank the ethanol plant that contributed samples for the study, the USDA Agricultural Research Service for financial support, and Jenna Carsrud for technical assistance with the laboratory measurements NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-5130 J9 FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH JI Food Bioprocess Technol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s11947-007-0026-x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 417TO UT WOS:000264101600004 ER PT J AU Chevanan, N Muthukumarappan, K Rosentrater, KA AF Chevanan, Nehru Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI Extrusion Studies of Aquaculture Feed using Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and Whey SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DDGS; Distillers grains; Extrusion; Pellet durability index; Single-screw extruder; Unit density; Water activity; Whey ID STARCH GELATINIZATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SCREW EXTRUDER; SOY PROTEIN; FED DIETS; PRODUCTS; BLENDS; MOISTURE; COOKING; QUALITY AB Three isocaloric (3.5 kcal/g) ingredient blends containing 20, 30, and 40% distiller-dried grains with solubles (DDGS) along with 5% whey were prepared with a net protein content adjusted to 28% (wet basis [wb]). Other ingredients in the blends included soy flour, corn flour, fish meal, vitamin, and mineral mix. These blends were extruded in a single-screw extruder at 15, 20, and 25% (wb) moisture content and at 130 and 160 rpm screw speeds. Compared to previous research, the durability and unit density of the extrudates in this study were found to increase substantially by the addition of whey to the blends. Increasing the DDGS content from 20 to 40% resulted in a 5.8 and 16.8% increase in extrudate moisture content and redness, respectively, but produced a decrease of 11.2% in brightness and 3.6% in yellowness of the extrudates. Increasing the moisture content of the ingredient blends from 15 to 25% resulted in an increase of 16.1, 8.7, and 9.3% in moisture content, durability, and redness, respectively, but a decrease of 9.8 and 5.6%, respectively, in brightness and yellowness of the extrudates. Neither DDGS level nor screw speed significantly affected extrudate durability or unit density. In fact, changing the screw speed had no significant effect on many of the properties of the extrudates studied, except for moisture content, redness, and yellowness. As demonstrated in this study, ingredient moisture content and screw speed are critical considerations when producing extrudates with feed blends containing DDGS; further work is needed to optimize processing conditions and to produce floating feeds. C1 [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Chevanan, Nehru] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU Agricultural Experiment Station; South Dakota State University; North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory; USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD FX We thankfully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, and the North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-5130 J9 FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH JI Food Bioprocess Technol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s11947-007-0036-8 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 417TO UT WOS:000264101600006 ER PT J AU Lung'aho, MG Glahn, RP AF Lung'aho, Mercy G. Glahn, Raymond P. TI In vitro estimates of iron bioavailability in some Kenyan complementary foods SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Bioavailability; complementary foods; iron; Kenya; porridges ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CACO-2 CELLS; SOLUBILITY; PREBIOTICS; PREDICTS; HUMANS; ACID AB Background. Iron-deficiency anemia is by far the most widespread micronutrient deficiency disease in the world, affecting more than 2 billion people. Although there are multiple causes of anemia, its high prevalence among children-especially in developing countries such as Kenya-is attributed to an inadequate intake of dietary iron. Objective. The main objective of this study was to assess the amount of bioavailable iron in Kenyan complementary foods and to determine whether strategies such as food diversification using locally available foods would improve the bioavailability of iron from these foods. Methods. The in vitro iron bioavailability system/Caco-2 cell model that mirrors the gastric and intestinal digestion of humans was used in this study to estimate the amount of bioavailable iron in the porridges. Results. The addition of cassava significantly increased the amount of ferritin formation in a cereal-based home recipe from 36.74 to 67.58 ng/mg. The in vitro data suggests that home recipes can provide an equal or greater amount of bioavailable iron as the commercially available nonfortified porridge products. However, in vitro assessment showed that the nonfortified recipes had less bioavailable iron than Cerelac, a commercially available fortified complementary food that provides about 26% of the RDA of iron for infants 6 and 7 months of age per serving (p < .0001). Conclusions. In addition to diet diversity, more approaches to address iron inadequacy of complementary foods are required to improve the bioavailability of iron from the Kenyan complementary foods analyzed. C1 [Glahn, Raymond P.] Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lung'aho, Mercy G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Glahn, RP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rpg3@cornell.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 469WH UT WOS:000267930900006 PM 19689093 ER PT J AU Singh, AP Luthria, D Wilson, T Vorsa, N Singh, V Banuelos, GS Pasakdee, S AF Singh, Ajay P. Luthria, Devanand Wilson, Ted Vorsa, Nicholi Singh, Vartika Banuelos, Gary S. Pasakdee, Sajeemas TI Polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity of eggplant pulp SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.); Polyphenols; LDL antioxidant activity; Conventional and organic; HPLC and LC-MS analysis ID SAMPLE PREPARATION; SOLANUM-MELONGENA; EXTRACTION; ISOFLAVONES; VEGETABLES; PHENOLICS; OXIDATION; FRUITS; FOODS; ACIDS AB The influence of organic and conventional farming practices on the phenolic content in eggplant samples belonging to two cultivars, Blackbell (American eggplant) and Millionaire Japanese eggplant) grown under similar environmental conditions was evaluated. Phytochemical investigation of the eggplant extracts showed that N-caffeoylputrescine, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3-acetyl-5-caffeoylquinic acid made up the bulk of total eggplant phenolics. In addition, this is the first report on identification of trace quantities of three additional flavonols, namely, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, and myricetin-3-galactoside in freeze-dried eggplant pulp. The phenolic content of the conventionally grown Blackbell variety was marginally higher or equal to those grown organically. However, the phenolic content of the Millionaire organic variety was much greater than the conventionally grown samples. Eggplant extract inhibition of cupric-ion mediated oxidation of low-density lipoproteins was highly correlated with the content of 5-caffeolquinic acid (R(2)=0.9124), the most abundant phenolic acid identified. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Luthria, Devanand] USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Singh, Ajay P.; Vorsa, Nicholi; Singh, Vartika] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Wilson, Ted] Winona State Univ, Dept Biol, Winona, MN 55987 USA. [Banuelos, Gary S.; Pasakdee, Sajeemas] ARS, Water Management Res Lab, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Luthria, D (reprint author), USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 161 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM D.Luthria@ars.usda.gov FU Rutgers New Jersey Agriculture and Experimental Station; NIH [5R01AT002058] FX The authors would like to thank Ms.A.J. Kalk for assisting with the characterisation of antioxidant properties and Dr. T. Hooks for his assistance in statistical analysis. The authors also acknowledge the funding from the Rutgers New Jersey Agriculture and Experimental Station and NIH NCCAM 5R01AT002058. We also appreciate the eggplant samples provided by Tom and Denice Willey from T/D Willey Farms and Israel Alvarez Farms. NR 22 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 114 IS 3 BP 955 EP 961 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.10.048 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 419ZS UT WOS:000264258800027 ER PT J AU Gurtler, JB Conner, DE AF Gurtler, Joshua B. Conner, Donald E. TI Survival and Growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in Liquid Egg Products Varying by Temperature, Product Composition, and Carbon Dioxide Concentration SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INOCULATED EGGS; GRADE-A EGGS; SHELL EGGS; VITELLINE MEMBRANE; STORAGE-CONDITIONS; HATCHING EGGS; FOOD SAFETY; WHOLE EGG; ALBUMIN; HENS AB Cryogenic cooling of shell eggs with carbon dioxide (CO(2)) is known to improve egg content quality through rapid cooling as well as by increasing internal CO(2) levels. A study was undertaken to determine the effects of variations in atmospheric CO(2) concentrations (aerobically stored, flushed with CO(2) and sealed, or bubbled with CO(2)) on the survival and growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in liquid egg products including whole egg, albumen, yolk, and albumen +1% yolk. Egg products were inoculated with a three-strain composite of Salmonella Enteritidis at ca. 4 log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and stored at 7 degrees C or 10 degrees C for 8 or 4 days, respectively, or at ca. 2 log CFU/mL and stored at 23 degrees C and 37 degrees C for 48 or 24 hours, respectively. Salmonella populations differed based on variations in liquid egg composition (p < 0.05). Manipulating the atmospheric concentrations of CO2 in which liquid egg products were stored did not significantly inhibit the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis (p > 0.05) in yolk-containing egg products or affect the inhibitory activity of albumen-containing products. Populations of Salmonella were static at 7 degrees C over the entire storage period and significant growth occurred in whole egg and yolk stored at 10 degrees C. Populations in egg stored at 23 degrees C and 37 degrees C were greater in yolk than in whole egg, although whole egg had populations greater than in albumen or albumen +1% yolk (p < 0.05). Results of this investigation suggest that increasing atmospheric CO(2) to enhance egg quality should not promote the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in eggs. C1 [Gurtler, Joshua B.] Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, N Atlantic Area, Eastern Reg Res Ctr,USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Conner, Donald E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Poultry Prod Safety & Qual Peak Excellence Progra, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Gurtler, JB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, N Atlantic Area, Eastern Reg Res Ctr,USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM joshua.gurtler@ars.usda.gov FU Praxair, Inc. FX The authors express their appreciation to Praxair, Inc. ( Burr Ridge, IL) for funding this research, to John Phillips and Michael Davis for assistance with statistical analysis, and to Bassam Annous, Tony Jin, and Howard Q. Zhang for carefully critiquing this manuscript. Many thanks to Ms. Amanda Smelser for assistance with references. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 5 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0202 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 459GR UT WOS:000267090100007 PM 19388831 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM DebRoy, C Miyamoto, T Liu, YH AF Fratamico, Pina M. DebRoy, Chitrita Miyamoto, Takahisa Liu, Yanhong TI PCR Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O145 in Food by Targeting Genes in the E. coli O145 O-Antigen Gene Cluster and the Shiga Toxin 1 and Shiga Toxin 2 Genes SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; O26; INFECTIONS; GERMANY; O111; O103; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE AB Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains belonging to serogroup O145 are an important cause of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome worldwide. Cattle and other animals are potential reservoirs for this pathogen. To develop PCR assays for detection and identification of E. coli O145, the wzx (O-antigen flippase) and wzy (O-antigen polymerase) genes in the O145 O-antigen gene cluster that are specific for this serogroup were selected as targets. Oligonucleotide primers complementary to regions in the E. coli O145 wzx and wzy genes were designed to perform PCR assays with DNA from strains of E. coli O145, non-O145 E. coli serogroups, and other bacterial genera. The assays were highly specific for E. coli O145. A multiplex PCR assay targeting the E. coli O145 wzx and wzy genes and the Shiga toxin 1 (stx(1)) and Shiga toxin 2 (stx(2)) genes and a real-time multiplex PCR assay targeting the O145 wzy, stx(1), and stx(2) genes were developed for detection of STEC O145. The assays were used for detecting STEC O145 in seeded ground beef, lettuce, and raw milk initially inoculated with ca. 2, 20, or 200 CFU/25 g or 25 mL after 8 or 20 h of enrichment at 42 degrees C in modified EC broth containing 20 mg/L of novobiocin. STEC O145 was detected in all samples inoculated with 2 CFU/25 g or 25 mL. The detection limit of the multiplex PCR assays was <= 7.9 x 10(4) CFU/mL, which corresponded to <= 400 CFU/PCR reaction. The PCR assays can be employed to identify enterohemorrhagic E. coli serogroup O145 and to detect low levels of the pathogen in food. C1 [Fratamico, Pina M.; Liu, Yanhong] Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [DebRoy, Chitrita] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, E Coli Reference Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miyamoto, Takahisa] Kyushu Univ, Lab Food Hyg Chem, Hakozaki, Japan. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 5 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0254 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 459GR UT WOS:000267090100012 PM 19435408 ER PT J AU Eckhardt, LG Menard, RD Gray, ED AF Eckhardt, L. G. Menard, R. D. Gray, E. D. TI Effects of oleoresins and monoterpenes on in vitro growth of fungi associated with pine decline in the Southern United States SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; BEETLE; DEFENSE; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; CONIFERS; ATTACK; 4-ALLYLANISOLE; MECHANISMS; COMPLEX AB As a means of exploring pine resistance to root disease and declines, the effects of host plant secondary metabolites on the growth of root colonizing fungi associated with three diseases/declines of southern pines - loblolly pine decline, littleleaf disease and annosum root rot were tested. The associated fungi -Leptographium huntii, L. serpens, L. terebrantis, L. procerum, Heterobasidion annosum and Phytophthora cinnamomi- were grown in saturated atmospheres or in direct contact with, pure monoterpenes and crude oleoresin collected from the four southern pines (Pinus taeda, P. eschinata, P. palustris and P. elliotti) for 7 day. Fungal growth was measured at 3, 5 and 7 day. Root-infecting fungi differed significantly in sensitivity to crude oleoresin and pure monoterpenes. All fungi tested were inhibited, to some extent, by the resins tested. H. annosum and P. cinnamomi were strongly inhibited by all the monoterpenes tested. The ophiostomatoid fungi were significantly less affected by the compounds tested. L. huntii and L. serpens were less inhibited by monoterpenes than either L. terebrantis or L. procerum. These fungal growth studies show that the kind and amount of secondary metabolite produced by the host plant have a profound effect on tree pathogens. Alterations of tree physiology may have implications for defenses against tree pathogens as well as to the ecology and management of forest ecosystems. Difference in incidence of root disease observed in the field may be explained by the ability of the fungus to tolerate these host defense mechanisms. C1 [Eckhardt, L. G.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Forest Hlth Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Menard, R. D.] US Forest Serv, Pineville, LA USA. [Gray, E. D.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Eckhardt, LG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Forest Hlth Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM eckhalg@auburn.edu NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2008.00570.x PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 453TX UT WOS:000266636900002 ER PT J AU Kearns, HSJ Jacobi, WR Geils, BW AF Kearns, Holly S. J. Jacobi, William R. Geils, Brian W. TI A method for estimating white pine blister rust canker age on limber pine in the central Rocky Mountains SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRONARTIUM RIBICOLA CANKERS; MONTICOLA; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; INFECTION; FUSIFORME; IDAHO; FUNGI AB Epidemiological studies of white pine blister rust on limber pine require a temporal component to explain variations in incidence of infection and mortality. Unfortunately, it is not known how long the pathogen has been present at various sites in the central Rocky Mountains of North America. Canker age, computed from canker length and average expansion rate, can be used to estimate infestation origin and infection frequency. To investigate relationships between canker lengths and canker ages for limber pine, we collected live white pine blister rust branch and stem cankers from three locations in Wyoming and two locations in Colorado. We quantified relationships between various measures of canker length and an estimate of canker age based on dendrochronological analysis. Total branch canker length was strongly, negatively correlated (r = -0.79) with the first year of incomplete, annual ring formation (canker age). Mean longitudinal canker expansion rate was 8.4 cm year(-1) for branch and stem cankers where branches distal to the canker were either dead or alive. Annual longitudinal canker expansion, however, was significantly greater on a stem or branch where the portion distal to the canker was alive (11.5 cm year(-1)) rather than dead (7.1 cm year(-1)). For branches or stems, proximal expansion rate (i.e., toward or down stem) averaged 4.9 cm year(-1). The circumferential canker expansion rate (around branch or stem) was greater for stem cankers (8.3 cm year(-1)) than for branch cankers (6.2 cm year(-1)). Additional site and host tree covariates did not improve prediction of canker age. Two simple linear equations were developed to estimate a canker age from total length of a canker with the distal portion either alive or dead. An appropriate sample of canker ages can be used to determine how long a limber pine stand has been infested with white pine blister rust and how frequently infections have occurred. C1 [Kearns, Holly S. J.; Jacobi, William R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kearns, Holly S. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. [Geils, Brian W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Jacobi, WR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM william.jacobi@colostate.edu FU USDA Forest Service Special Development and Technology Program; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station FX Funding and support for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service Special Development and Technology Program, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. We recognize the contributions of Betsy Goodrich, Brian Haines, Kelly Mogab, Melodie Moss, Celeste Park, Jason Watkins, Robert Flynn, John Lundquist, Robin Reich, Bill Romme, Jim zumBrunnen, (Franklin A. Graybill Statistical Laboratory), Jim Hoffman, Anna Schoettle, and John Schwandt. In addition, USDA Forest Service personnel from the Medicine Bow, Roosevelt, and Shoshone National Forests; William Mack and Don Whyde (Bureau of Land Management), provided assistance. Helpful reviews of early versions of the manuscript were provided by Howard Schwartz, Michael Marsden, and John Schwandt. We appreciate suggestions provided by the anonymous reviewers and the editors. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 177 EP 191 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2008.00575.x PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 453TX UT WOS:000266636900004 ER PT J AU Finney, M Grenfell, IC McHugh, CW AF Finney, Mark Grenfell, Isaac C. McHugh, Charles W. TI Modeling Containment of Large Wildfires Using Generalized Linear Mixed-Model Analysis SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wildfire containment; large wildfires; fire suppression; generalized linear mixed models ID INITIAL-ATTACK; FIRE SUPPRESSION; BOREAL FOREST/; WILDLAND FIRES; MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; REEXAMINATION; RATES AB Billions of dollars are spent annually in the United States to contain large wildland fires, but the factors contributing to suppression success remain poorly understood. We used a regression model (generalized linear mixed-model) to model containment probability of individual fires, assuming that containment was a repeated-measures problem (fixed effect) and individual fires were random effects. Changes in daily fire size from 306 fires occurring in years 2001-2005 were processed to identify intervals of high spread from those of low spread. The model was tested against independent data from 140 fires in 2006. The analysis suggested that containment was positively related to the number of consecutive days during which the fire grew little and the number of previous intervals. Containment probability was negatively related to the length of intervals during which the fire exhibited high spread and the presence of timber fuel types, but fire size was not a significant predictor. Characterization of containment probability may be a useful component of cost-benefit analysis of large fire management and planning systems. FOR. SCI. 55(3):249-255. C1 [Finney, Mark] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [McHugh, Charles W.] US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Finney, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM mfinney@fs.fed.us; igrenfell@gmail.com; cmchugh@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 3 BP 249 EP 255 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 454VG UT WOS:000266710400007 ER PT J AU Walbridge, MR AF Walbridge, Mark R. TI Ecology, agriculture, and sustainability SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Res Educ & Extens Off, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Walbridge, MR (reprint author), USDA, Res Educ & Extens Off, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 7 IS 5 BP 231 EP 231 DI 10.1890/1540-9295-7.5.231 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 456SV UT WOS:000266869700001 ER PT J AU Krahl, J Knothe, G Munack, A Ruschel, Y Schroder, O Hallier, E Westphal, G Bunger, J AF Krahl, Juergen Knothe, Gerhard Munack, Axel Ruschel, Yvonne Schroeder, Olaf Hallier, Ernst Westphal, Goetz Buenger, Juergen TI Comparison of exhaust emissions and their mutagenicity from the combustion of biodiesel, vegetable oil, gas-to-liquid and petrodiesel fuels SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Diesel exhaust emissions; Diesel fuel; Mutagenicity; Vegetable oil ID OXIDATION CATALYTIC-CONVERTER; DIESEL-ENGINE EMISSIONS; BIOFUELS; FOSSIL AB Efforts are under way to reduce diesel engine emissions (DEE) and their content of carcinogenic and mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Previously, we observed reduced PAH emissions and DEE mutagenicity caused by reformulated or newly developed fuels. The use of rapeseed oil as diesel engine fuel is growing in German transportation businesses and agriculture. We now compared the mutagenic effects of DEE from rapeseed oil (RSO), rapeseed methyl ester (RME, biodiesel), natural gas-derived synthetic fuel (gas-to-liquid, GTL), and a reference petrodiesel fuel (DF) generated by a heavy-duty truck diesel engine using the European Stationary Cycle. Mutagenicity of the particle extracts and the condensates was tested using the Salmonella typhimurium mammalian microsome assay with strains TA98 and TA100. The RSO particle extracts increased the mutagenic effects by factors of 9.7 up to 17 in strain TA98 and of 5.4 up to 6.4 in strain TA100 compared with the reference DF. The RSO condensates caused up to three times stronger mutagenicity than the reference fuel. RME extracts had a moderate but significantly higher mutagenic response in assays of TA98 with metabolic activation and TA100 without metabolic activation. GTL samples did not differ significantly from DF. Regulated emissions (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO.), and particulate matter) remained below the limits except for an increase in NO, exhaust emissions of up to 15% from the tested biofuels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Knothe, Gerhard] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Krahl, Juergen] Coburg Univ Appl Sci, D-96406 Coburg, Germany. [Munack, Axel; Ruschel, Yvonne; Schroeder, Olaf] Fed Res Inst Rural Areas Forestry & Fisheries, Johann Heinrich von Thunen Inst, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Hallier, Ernst] Univ Gottingen, Inst Occupat & Social Med, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. [Westphal, Goetz; Buenger, Juergen] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Res Inst Occupat Med, BGFA, D-44789 Bochum, Germany. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUN PY 2009 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1064 EP 1069 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.11.015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 423BL UT WOS:000264471300014 ER PT J AU Suarez, PAZ Moser, BR Sharma, BK Erhan, SZ AF Suarez, Paulo A. Z. Moser, Bryan R. Sharma, Brajendra K. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Comparing the lubricity of biofuels obtained from pyrolysis and alcoholysis of soybean oil and their blends with petroleum diesel SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Lubricity; Viscosity; Biobased fuels; Pyrolysis; Transesterification ID ACROCOMIA-SCLEROCARPA M; VEGETABLE-OILS; METAL-CATALYSTS; METHYL-ESTERS; CANOLA OIL; TRANSESTERIFICATION; BIODIESEL; FUEL; BRAZIL; GC/MS AB A diesel-like fuel, pyrodiesel (PD), was synthesized by a pyrolysis method using soybean oil as starting material. Some physical properties of the material were studied, both neat and in blends with high-sulfur (HSD) and low-sulfur (LSD) diesel fuels, and compared with blends of biodiesel (BD) in fossil fuels. it was observed using different methods that the lubricity of biobased fuels obtained after the transesterification or pyrolysis of soybean oil is superior to LSD and HSD and also that the lubricity of diesel fuels are enhanced when either BD or PD are added. Based on the results reported herein, PD is a viable alternative to BD for use in compression-ignition engines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Suarez, Paulo A. Z.; Moser, Bryan R.; Sharma, Brajendra K.; Erhan, Sevim Z.] ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Suarez, PAZ (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, LMC IQ, CP 4478, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM psuarez@unb.br; Sevim.erhan@ars.usda.gov RI Catalise, Inct/K-2293-2013 FU CNPq FX We would like to acknowledge Richard H. Henz and Benetria Banks for excellent technical assistance. PAZS also thanks CNPq for a research fellowship. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUN PY 2009 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1143 EP 1147 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.11.017 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 423BL UT WOS:000264471300024 ER PT J AU Wallace, TP Bowman, D Campbell, BT Chee, P Gutierrez, OA Kohel, RJ McCarty, J Myers, G Percy, R Robinson, F Smith, W Stelly, DM Stewart, JM Thaxton, P Ulloa, M Weaver, DB AF Wallace, T. P. Bowman, D. Campbell, B. T. Chee, P. Gutierrez, O. A. Kohel, R. J. McCarty, J. Myers, G. Percy, R. Robinson, F. Smith, W. Stelly, D. M. Stewart, J. M. Thaxton, P. Ulloa, M. Weaver, D. B. TI Status of the USA cotton germplasm collection and crop vulnerability SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Crop vulnerability; Germplasm collection and evaluation; Gossypium; National plant germplasm system; Taxonomy ID IMPROVED FIBER LENGTH; LEAF CURL DISEASE; UPLAND COTTON; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HIGH-YIELD; REGISTRATION; LINES; CULTIVARS; STRENGTH AB The National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) is a cooperative effort among State, Federal and Private organizations aimed at preserving one of agriculture's greatest assets: plant genetic diversity. The NPGS serves the scientific community by collecting, storing, and distributing germplasm as well as maintaining a searchable database of trait descriptors. Serving the NPGS, a Crop Germplasm Committee (CGC) is elected for each crop and is comprised of a group of scientists concerned with development, maintenance, characterization, and utilization of germplasm collections. Each CGC serves in an advisory role and provides a status report every seven years to determine scientific efforts, adequacy of germplasm base representation, and progress in breeding through utilization of germplasm. In addition, each committee can call attention to areas of concerns regarding facilities and staffing associated with the maintenance, collection, and taxonomic activities for a specific crop within the system. The following report was developed by the CGC for cotton and provides a record of collections, activities, concerns, crop vulnerabilities, and recommendations associated with the cotton collection for the period 1997-2005. Information provided within this document is a much expanded and detailed description of a report provided to the NPGS and includes the most exhaustive citation of germplasm depositions and research activity descriptions available anywhere in the USA for this time period. This documentation will be a valuable resource to breeders, geneticists, and taxonomists with an interest in this important food and fiber crop. C1 [Wallace, T. P.; Gutierrez, O. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Bowman, D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Campbell, B. T.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Chee, P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Kohel, R. J.; Percy, R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Germplasm Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [McCarty, J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Myers, G.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Robinson, F.] ARS, USDA, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Smith, W.; Stelly, D. M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Stewart, J. M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Thaxton, P.] Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ulloa, M.] ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Weaver, D. B.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Wallace, TP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, POB 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM twallace@pss.msstate.edu OI Bowman, Daryl T./0000-0001-6623-4035; Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 FU Cotton Incorporated, USA FX Many if not most of the projects included in this report have been supported in part by Cotton Incorporated, USA. NR 72 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 EI 1573-5109 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 507 EP 532 DI 10.1007/s10722-008-9382-2 PG 26 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 442CY UT WOS:000265818700006 ER PT J AU Jannink, JL Moreau, L Charmet, G Charcosset, A AF Jannink, Jean-Luc Moreau, Laurence Charmet, Gilles Charcosset, Alain TI Overview of QTL detection in plants and tests for synergistic epistatic interactions SO GENETICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference of Quantitative Genetics CY AUG 18-24, 2007 CL Zheijiang Univ, Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Zheijiang Univ DE QTL mating designs; Synergistic epistasis ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; ALLELIC NUMBER; LINE CROSSES; LINKAGE MAP; BREAD-WHEAT; ROBUSTNESS; COMPLEXITY AB Improvements in the usefulness of QTL analysis arise from better statistical methods applied to the problem, ability to analyze more complex mating designs, and the fitting of less simplified genetic models. Here we review the advantages of different plant mating designs in QTL analysis and conclude that diallel designs have several favorable properties. We then turn to the detection of systematic genome-wide synergistic epistasis. This form of epistasis has important implications from evolutionary (maintenance of sexual reproduction and concealment of cryptic genetic variation) and practical perspectives (response to pyramided favorable alleles). We develop two methods for detecting systematic synergistic epistasis, one based on analyzing interactions between locus effects and predicted individual genotypic values and one based on analyzing pairwise locus interactions. Using the first method we detect synergistic epistasis in a barley and a wheat dataset but not in a maize dataset. We fail to detect synergistic epistasis with the second method. We discuss our results in the light of theoretical questions concerning the mechanisms of synergistic epistasis. C1 [Jannink, Jean-Luc] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Moreau, Laurence; Charcosset, Alain] CNRS, INAPG, UPS, INRA,Stn Genet Vegetale, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Charmet, Gilles] UBP, INRA, UMR 1095, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand, France. RP Jannink, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jeanluc.jannink@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD JUN PY 2009 VL 136 IS 2 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s10709-008-9306-2 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 442DA UT WOS:000265818900003 PM 18695990 ER PT J AU Huang, L Brooks, S Li, WL Fellers, J Nelson, JC Gill, B AF Huang, Li Brooks, Steven Li, Wanlong Fellers, John Nelson, James C. Gill, Bikram TI Evolution of New Disease Specificity at a Simple Resistance Locus in a Crop-Weed Complex: Reconstitution of the Lr21 Gene in Wheat SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; POLYPLOID WHEAT; POLYMORPHISM; EXPRESSION; SELECTION; TAUSCHII; REGIONS AB The wheat. leaf-rust resistance gene Lr21 was first identified in air Iranian accession of goatgrass, Aegilops tauschii Coss., the D-genome donor of hexaploid bread wheat, and was introgressed into modern wheat cultivars by breeding. To elucidate tire origin of the gene, we analyzed sequences of Lr21 and lr21 alleles from 24 wheat cultivars and 25 accessions of Ae. tauschii collected along the Caspian Sea in Iran and Azerbaijan. Three basic nonfunctional lr21 haplotypes, H1, H2, and H3, were identified. Lr21 was found to be a chimera of H1 and H2, which were found only in wheat. We attempted to reconstitute a functional Lr21 allele by crossing the cultivars Fielder (H1) and Wichita (H2). Rust inoculation of 5876 F(2) progeny revealed a single resistant plant that proved to carry the H1H2 haplotype, a result attributed to intragenic recombination. These findings reflect. how plants balance the penalty and the necessity of a resistance gene and suggest that plants can reuse "dead" alleles to generate new disease-resistance specificity, leading to a "death-recycle" model of plant-resistance gene evolution at simple loci. We suggest that selection pressure in crop-weed complexes contributes to this process. C1 [Li, Wanlong; Gill, Bikram] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Fellers, John] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Brooks, Steven] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Huang, Li] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Gill, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bsgill@ksu.edu FU Kansas Wheat Commission; U. S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; Wheat Genetic and Genomic Resources Center; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas [07-305-J] FX We are grateful to Scot. Hulbert, Frank White, and Eduard Akhunov for Critical review of the. manuscript. This research was supported by the Kansas Wheat Commission and a U. S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service special grant to the Wheat Genetic and Genomic Resources Center. This is contribution 07-305-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2009 VL 182 IS 2 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.1534/genetics.108.099614 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 499IY UT WOS:000270213900017 PM 19364806 ER PT J AU Wanjugi, H Coleman-Derr, D Huo, NX Kianian, SF Luo, MC Wu, JJ Anderson, O Gu, YQ AF Wanjugi, Humphrey Coleman-Derr, Devin Huo, Naxin Kianian, Shahryar F. Luo, Ming-Cheng Wu, Jiajie Anderson, Olin Gu, Yong Qiang TI Rapid development of PCR-based genome-specific repetitive DNA junction markers in wheat SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE wheat genome; genome-specific marker; repeat DNA junction; retrotransposon; genetic and physical mapping ID GENE-RICH REGIONS; BREAD WHEAT; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; MOLECULAR MARKERS; POLYPLOID WHEAT; CHROMOSOME 3B; S-SAP; SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; MAP AB In hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (AABBDD, C = 17 000 Mb), repeat DNA accounts for similar to 90% of the genome, of which transposable elements (TEs) constitute 60%-80%. Despite the dynamic evolution of TEs, our previous study indicated that the majority of TEs are conserved and collinear between the homologous wheat genomes, based on identical insertion patterns. In this study, we exploited the unique and abundant TE insertion junction regions identified from diploid Aegilops tauschii to develop genome-specific repeat DNA junction markers (RJM) for use in hexaploid wheat. In this study, both BAC end and random shotgun sequences were used to search for RJM. Of the 300 RJM primer pairs tested, 269 (90%) amplified single bands from diploid Ae. tauschii. Of these 269 primer pairs, 260 (97%) amplified hexaploid wheat and 9 (3%) amplified Ae. tauschii only. Among the RJM primers that amplified hexaploid wheat, 88% were successfully assigned to individual chromosomes of the hexaploid D genome. Among the 38 RJM primers mapped on chromosome 6D, 31 (82%) were unambiguously mapped to delineated bins of the chromosome using various wheat deletion lines. Our results suggest that the unique RJM derived from the diploid D genome could facilitate genetic, physical, and radiation mapping of the hexaploid wheat D genome. C1 [Wanjugi, Humphrey; Coleman-Derr, Devin; Huo, Naxin; Anderson, Olin; Gu, Yong Qiang] USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kianian, Shahryar F.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Luo, Ming-Cheng; Wu, Jiajie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gu, YQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Yong.Gu@ars.usda.gov RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS [532502100-011] FX We thank William Belknap for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS No. 532502100-011. The custom Perl script used in this study to generate RJM primers is available upon request. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 EI 1480-3321 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 6 BP 576 EP 587 DI 10.1139/G09-033 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 453SM UT WOS:000266632000008 PM 19483776 ER PT J AU Hauer, K Meisinger, DB Pavlekovic, M Thomas, SH Kniggendorf, AK Chee-Sanford, J Sanford, R Lebron, CA Liebl, W Loeffler, FE Lee, NM AF Hauer, K. Meisinger, D. B. Pavlekovic, M. Thomas, S. H. Kniggendorf, A. K. Chee-Sanford, J. Sanford, R. Lebron, C. A. Liebl, W. Loeffler, F. E. Lee, N. M. TI Novel tools for in situ detection of biodiversity and function of dechlorinating and uranium-reducing bacteria in contaminated environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Hauer, K.; Meisinger, D. B.; Pavlekovic, M.; Liebl, W.; Lee, N. M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-8050 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Thomas, S. H.; Loeffler, F. E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kniggendorf, A. K.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Hannover, Germany. [Chee-Sanford, J.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. [Sanford, R.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lebron, C. A.] NFESC, Port Hueneme, CA USA. EM kniggendorf@biophysik.uni-hannover.de; cheesanf@uiuc.edu; rsanford@uiuc.edu; carmen.lebron@navy.mil; frank.loeffler@ce.gatech.edu; nlee@msecol.net RI Kniggendorf, Ann-Kathrin/E-6154-2013; Loeffler, Frank/M-8216-2013; Liebl, Wolfgang/D-3766-2014 OI Liebl, Wolfgang/0000-0002-8421-2478 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A502 EP A502 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901236 ER PT J AU Marin-Spiotta, E Silver, WL Swanston, CW Ostertag, R AF Marin-Spiotta, Erika Silver, Whendee L. Swanston, Christopher W. Ostertag, Rebecca TI Soil organic matter dynamics during 80 years of reforestation of tropical pastures SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carbon-13; density fractionation; nitrogen-15; Puerto Rico; secondary forests; succession ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CARBON FOLLOWING AFFORESTATION; SECONDARY FOREST SUCCESSION; C-13 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; PUERTO-RICO; COSTA-RICA; DENSITY FRACTIONS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; EASTERN AMAZONIA AB Our research takes advantage of a historical trend in natural reforestation of abandoned tropical pastures to examine changes in soil carbon (C) during 80 years of secondary forest regrowth. We combined a chronosequence approach with differences in the natural abundance of (13)C between C3 (forest) and C4 (pasture) plants to estimate turnover times of C in the bulk soil and in density fractions. Overall, gains in secondary forest C were compensated for by the loss of residual pasture-derived soil C, resulting in no net change in bulk soil C stocks down to 1 m depth over the chronosequence. The free light fraction (LF), representing physically unprotected particulate organic matter, was most sensitive to land-use change. Reforestation replenished C in the free LF that had been depleted during conversion to pastures. Turnover times varied with model choice, but in general, soil C cycling rates were rapid for the 0-10 cm depth, with even the heavy fraction (HF) containing C cycling in decadal time scales. Turnover times of C in the free LF from the 0-10 cm depth were shorter than for the occluded and HFs, highlighting the importance of physical location in the soil matrix for residence time in the soil. The majority of the soil C pool (82 +/- 21%) was recovered in the mineral-associated density fraction. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratios and differences in natural abundance (15)N of soil organic matter (SOM) showed an increasing degree of decomposition across density fractions with increasing mineral association. Our data show that the physical distribution of C in the soil has a large impact on soil C turnover and the ability of soils to maintain SOM stocks during land-use and land-cover change. C1 [Marin-Spiotta, Erika; Silver, Whendee L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Swanston, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Ostertag, Rebecca] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Marin-Spiotta, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, 1832 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM ems@geog.ucsb.edu RI Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012; Ostertag, Rebecca/B-1756-2013; OI Marin-Spiotta, Erika/0000-0001-7343-9354 FU NSF [DEB-0129104]; USDA International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF); DOE GCEP; UCRP Mini-Grant; NASA IRA through UPR-ITES; University of California [W-7405-Eng-48]; [BSR-8811902]; [DEB-9411973]; [DEB-008538]; [DEB-0218039] FX This research was supported primarily by NSF grant DEB-0129104 to W.L.S., and in part by BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-008538, and DEB-0218039 to the Institute of Tropical Ecosystem Studies (ITES), University of Puerto Rico (UPR), and USDA International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF) as part of the LTER Program in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. Additional funding and support was provided by DOE GCEP (E.M.S.), a UCRP Mini-Grant (E.M.S. and C.W.S.), and NASA IRA through UPR-ITES. This work was performed in part under the California Agricultural Experiment Station project 7069-MS (WLS), and under the auspices of the US DOE by University of California and LLNL under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. We thank T.M. Aide, J.B. Pascarella, and J.K. Zimmerman, landowners, and neighbors for site access. Logistical field support was provided by F.N. Scatena and A.E. Lugo, USDA-IITF, the Res. Estuarina de Bahia de Jobos, the Res. For. de Carite, and UPR-Cayey. We thank P. Brooks and S. Mambelli in the isotope laboratory and M.S. Torn for her generous loan of laboratory space at LBNL. The following provided laboratory and field help: Y.Z. Cao, W. Chou, J. Chung, D. Farmer, M. Flores-Mangual, C. Hong, A. Kamler, S. Moya, Y. Paredes, K. Shamieh, H. Sierra-Roque, A. Silverberg, G.E. Spiotta, A.L. Spiotta, Y.A. Teh, A.W. Thompson, C. TorrEns, and B. Zoeckler. We thank A.W. Thompson for textural analyses. This manuscript was much improved with the helpful comments of E.A Davidson and two anonymous reviewers. NR 108 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 12 U2 111 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1584 EP 1597 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01805.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 441LU UT WOS:000265771400018 ER PT J AU Lam, E Shine, J Da Silva, J Lawton, M Bonos, S Calvino, M Carrer, H Silva-Filho, MC Glynn, N Helsel, Z Ma, J Richard, E Souza, GM Ming, R AF Lam, Eric Shine, James, Jr. Da Silva, Jorge Lawton, Michael Bonos, Stacy Calvino, Martin Carrer, Helaine Silva-Filho, Marcio C. Glynn, Neil Helsel, Zane Ma, Jiong Richard, Edward, Jr. Souza, Glaucia Mendes Ming, Ray TI Improving sugarcane for biofuel: engineering for an even better feedstock SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Genetic engineering; Flex-stock; Mix-stock; Sugarcane improvement ID SEQUENCE AB Sugarcane is a proven biofuel feedstock and accounts for about 40% of the biofuel production worldwide. It has a more favorable energy input/output ratio than that of corn, the other major biofuel feedstock. The rich resource of genetic diversity and the plasticity of autopolyploid genomes offer a wealth of opportunities for the application of genomics and technologies to address fundamental questions in sugarcane towards maximizing biomass production. In a workshop on sugarcane engineering held at Rutgers University, we identified research areas and emerging technologies that could have significant impact on sugarcane improvement. Traditional plant physiological studies and standardized phenotypic characterization of sugarcane are essential for dissecting the developmental processes and patterns of gene expression in this complex polyploid species. Breeder friendly DNA markers associated with target traits will enhance selection efficiency and shorten the long breeding cycles. Integration of cold tolerance from Saccharum spontaneum and Miscanthus has the potential to expand the geographical range of sugarcane production from tropical and subtropical regions to temperate zones. The Flex-stock and mix-stock concepts could be solutions for sustaining local biorefineries where no single biofuel feedstock could provide consistent year-round supplies. The ever increasing capacities of genomics and biotechnologies pave the way for fully exploring these potentials to optimize sugarcane for biofuel production. C1 [Lam, Eric; Lawton, Michael; Ma, Jiong] Rutgers State Univ, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Shine, James, Jr.] Sugarcane Growers Cooperat Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Da Silva, Jorge] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Bonos, Stacy; Helsel, Zane] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Calvino, Martin] Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst Microbiol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Carrer, Helaine] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Biol, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Silva-Filho, Marcio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Genet, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Glynn, Neil] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Richard, Edward, Jr.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Souza, Glaucia Mendes] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ming, Ray] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lam, E (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM eric189@hotmail.com; rming@life.illinois.edu RI Souza, Glaucia/E-6780-2012; Silva-Filho, Marcio/F-2639-2012; Carrer, Helaine/C-3159-2012; 2, INCT/G-6506-2013; Bioetanol, Inct/I-1068-2013; FAPESP, BIOEN/H-6149-2012 OI Silva-Filho, Marcio/0000-0003-2129-0388; Carrer, Helaine/0000-0002-9329-1841; NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1757-1693 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD JUN PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2009.01016.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 601CW UT WOS:000278036600006 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, PW Williams, RD AF Bartholomew, P. W. Williams, R. D. TI Establishment of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) by self-seeding as affected by cutting date and degree of herbage removal in spring in pastures of the southern Great Plains of the United States SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Italian ryegrass; seed production; cutting date; southern Great Plains; pasture establishment ID COOL-SEASON GRASSES; PERFORMANCE; WHEAT; YIELD AB Annually sown cool-season small-grain cereal species can provide a valuable source of cool-season herbage for livestock in the southern Great Plains of the USA but limited access to field equipment for cultivation and sowing is an obstacle to their use. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (IRG) can persist through self-seeding and may offer an alternative source of cool-season herbage. The effects of cutting dates in mid-April, early May or mid- to late May following sowing in the previous September, and of removing 0.57, 0.73 or 1.00 of the herbage mass at this time, on subsequent seed deposition, seedling re-establishment and herbage production of IRG were measured. Later cutting dates reduced seed production, seed deposition, 1000-seed weight and eventual re-establishment of IRG seedlings. Removing different proportions of the herbage mass did not compensate for reduced seed deposition arising from later cutting dates. Numbers of seed heads and seed required to achieve a self-seeded target population of 500 established seedlings m(-2) ranged from 885 to 5650 seed heads m(-2) and 3360 to 5850 deposited viable seeds m(-2). Re-establishment of IRG through self-seeding showed a failure rate of 0.43 indicating that self-seeded IRG will need periodic resowing. Any economic benefit derived from self-seeded IRG will depend heavily on the success of its rate of re-establishment. C1 [Bartholomew, P. W.; Williams, R. D.] Langston Univ, USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, Langston, OK 73050 USA. RP Bartholomew, PW (reprint author), Langston Univ, USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, POB 1730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM pbarthol@luresext.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 64 IS 2 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00682.x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 443DE UT WOS:000265889600008 ER PT J AU Orr, J Schutte, M Broderick, CE Cooke, PH AF Orr, Jervane Schutte, Melissa Broderick, Cyril E., Sr. Cooke, Peter H. TI Comparative Contents of Food Nutrients and Food Element among Several Capsicum Pepper Fruit Types SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Northeast Region Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 08-10, 2009 CL Univ Delaware, Newark, DE SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, NE Reg HO Univ Delaware C1 [Orr, Jervane; Schutte, Melissa; Broderick, Cyril E., Sr.] Delaware State Univ, Coll Agr & Related Sci, Dover, DE USA. [Cooke, Peter H.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 546 EP 546 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900008 ER PT J AU Schutte, M Orr, J Broderick, CE Cooke, PH AF Schutte, Melissa Orr, Jervane Broderick, Cyril E., Sr. Cooke, Peter H. TI Structural Architecture of Fruit Tissues of the Bell Pepper (Capsicum fructescens), as Determined by Fluorescence Microscopy SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Northeast Region Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 08-10, 2009 CL Univ Delaware, Newark, DE SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, NE Reg HO Univ Delaware C1 [Schutte, Melissa; Orr, Jervane; Broderick, Cyril E., Sr.] Delaware State Univ, Coll Agr & Related Sci, Dover, DE USA. [Cooke, Peter H.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 546 EP 546 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900007 ER PT J AU Broderick, CE Cooke, PH AF Broderick, Cyril E., Sr. Cooke, Peter H. TI Characterization of the Secretory Process of Capsaicin in Capsicum chinense var. Habanero SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Northeast Region Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 08-10, 2009 CL Univ Delaware, Newark, DE SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, NE Reg HO Univ Delaware C1 [Broderick, Cyril E., Sr.] Delaware State Univ, Coll Agr & Related Sci, Dover, DE USA. [Cooke, Peter H.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 550 EP 550 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900024 ER PT J AU Carleo, JS Vorsa, N Merritt, RH Chin, C Polashock, J AF Carleo, Jenny S. Vorsa, Nicholi Merritt, Richard H. Chin, Cheekok Polashock, James TI Novel Leaf Traits in New Varieties of Lilium longiflorum Derived from Tissue Culture SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Northeast Region Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 08-10, 2009 CL Univ Delaware, Newark, DE SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, NE Reg HO Univ Delaware C1 [Vorsa, Nicholi] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Agr Expt Stn, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Merritt, Richard H.; Chin, Cheekok] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Polashock, James] ARS, USDA, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 552 EP 552 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900033 ER PT J AU Murphy, AM Gilliam, CH Fain, GB Torbert, HA Gallagher, TV Sibley, JL Marble, SC AF Murphy, Anna-Marie Gilliam, Charles H. Fain, Glenn B. Torbert, H. Allen Gallagher, Thomas V. Sibley, Jeff L. Marble, Stephen C. TI Amending Pine Bark Supplies with Whole Tree and Clean Chip Residual SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Murphy, Anna-Marie; Gilliam, Charles H.; Fain, Glenn B.; Sibley, Jeff L.; Marble, Stephen C.] Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Torbert, H. Allen] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas V.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 555 EP 555 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900045 ER PT J AU Warren, O Sargent, S Huber, D Brecht, J Plotto, A Baldwin, E AF Warren, Oren Sargent, Steven Huber, Donald Brecht, Jeffrey Plotto, Anne Baldwin, Elizabeth TI Changes in Edible Quality and Aroma Profile of 'Arkin' Carambola During Ripening on the Tree SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Warren, Oren; Sargent, Steven; Huber, Donald; Brecht, Jeffrey] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Plotto, Anne; Baldwin, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RI Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 555 EP 556 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900048 ER PT J AU Dea, S Brecht, JK Cecilia, A Nunes, N Baldwin, EA AF Dea, Sharon Brecht, Jeffrey K. Cecilia, A. Nunes, N. Baldwin, Elizabeth A. TI Determination of the Optimal Ripeness Stage for Processing 'Kent' Mango into Fresh-cut Slices SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Dea, Sharon; Brecht, Jeffrey K.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Baldwin, Elizabeth A.] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RI Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 558 EP 558 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900059 ER PT J AU Marshall, DA Spiers, JM AF Marshall, Donna A. Spiers, James M. TI Blueberry Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Capacity as Affected by Fruit Ripeness SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Marshall, Donna A.; Spiers, James M.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 564 EP 564 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900086 ER PT J AU Stringer, SJ Marshall, DA Spiers, JM AF Stringer, Stephen. J. Marshall, Donna A. Spiers, James M. TI Mississippi Muscadines: Performance and Characteristics SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Stringer, Stephen. J.; Marshall, Donna A.; Spiers, James M.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 565 EP 565 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900090 ER PT J AU Baldwin, EA Plotto, A Lebrun, M AF Baldwin, Elizabeth A. Plotto, Anne Lebrun, Marc TI Use of Enose to Determine Mango Maturity SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Baldwin, Elizabeth A.; Plotto, Anne] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33880 USA. [Lebrun, Marc] CIRAD, Food Proc Res Unit, Montpellier, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 566 EP 566 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900093 ER PT J AU Jifon, JL Lester, GE AF Jifon, John L. Lester, Gene E. TI Effects of Foliar Potassium Fertilization on Muskmelon Fruit Quality and Yield SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Jifon, John L.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Lester, Gene E.] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 566 EP 566 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900096 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Davis, A Maness, N Rice, S Hyatt, J Heil, S AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Davis, Angela Maness, Niels Rice, Stanley Hyatt, Jamie Heil, Sarah TI Quality of Four Basil Types after Storage at 3 to 10 degrees C SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope; Davis, Angela] USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Maness, Niels] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Rice, Stanley; Hyatt, Jamie; Heil, Sarah] SE Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Durant, OK 74701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 566 EP 566 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900094 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Roberts, W Magby, S Wyatt, O AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Roberts, Warren Magby, Shelia Wyatt, O'Hern TI Quality of Organically Grown Cherry Tomatoes for the Oklahoma Farm to School Program SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope; Magby, Shelia] USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Roberts, Warren; Wyatt, O'Hern] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort, Wes Watkins Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 566 EP 566 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900095 ER PT J AU Bai, JH Imahori, Y Baldwin, E AF Bai, Jinhe Imahori, Yoshihiro Baldwin, Elizabeth TI Response of the Ascorbate-glutathione Cycle and Lipoxygenase Pathway to Chilling and Heating Treatments in Tomatoes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Bai, Jinhe; Baldwin, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Imahori, Yoshihiro] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Osaka, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 567 EP 567 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900097 ER PT J AU Jouquand, C Plotto, A Narciso, J Chandler, C AF Jouquand, Celine Plotto, Anne Narciso, Jan Chandler, Craig TI Quality Evaluation of Newly Released Florida Strawberries by Sensory Analysis SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Jouquand, Celine; Chandler, Craig] Univ Florida, IFAS, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. [Plotto, Anne; Narciso, Jan] ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 567 EP 567 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900099 ER PT J AU McCollum, TG Baldwin, E AF McCollum, T. G. Baldwin, Elizabeth TI Evaluation of Fruit Quality Characteristics of 'Early Pride', a New Seedless Mandarin from the USDA-ARS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [McCollum, T. G.] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Baldwin, Elizabeth] ARS, USDA, CSPL, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 567 EP 567 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900098 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM Ling, KS Harrison, HF AF Jackson, D. Michael Ling, Kai-Shu Harrison, H. F., Jr. TI Effects of Meristem Culture on Yields of Heirloom Sweetpotatoes in the Field SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Jackson, D. Michael; Ling, Kai-Shu; Harrison, H. F., Jr.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 575 EP 575 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900132 ER PT J AU Harris, KR Ling, KS Wechter, PW Levi, A Meyer, JDF Havey, MJ Guner, N Wehner, TC AF Harris, Karen R. Ling, Kai-shu Wechter, Patrick W. Levi, Amnon Meyer, Jenelle D. F. Havey, Michael J. Guner, Nihat Wehner, Todd C. TI Markers Linked to the ZYMV-FL Resistance Gene and Their Use in Marker-assisted Selection in Watermelon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Harris, Karen R.; Ling, Kai-shu; Wechter, Patrick W.; Levi, Amnon] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Meyer, Jenelle D. F.; Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Guner, Nihat; Wehner, Todd C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 576 EP 576 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900136 ER PT J AU King, SR Davis, AR Bang, H AF King, Stephen R. Davis, Angela R. Bang, Haejeen TI New Flesh Colors in Watermelon? SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [King, Stephen R.; Bang, Haejeen] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Davis, Angela R.] USDA ARS, SCARL, Lane, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 576 EP 576 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900137 ER PT J AU Taylor, MJ Fish, W Bruton, B AF Taylor, Merritt J. Fish, Wayne Bruton, Benny TI Economics of Using Watermelon Juice as a No-cost Diluent and Supplemental Sugar Source for Fermentation of Molasses in Ethanol Production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Taylor, Merritt J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Fish, Wayne; Bruton, Benny] USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 576 EP 576 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900135 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Ariss, JJ Hassel, R Olson, S AF Thies, Judy A. Ariss, Jennifer J. Hassel, Richard Olson, Steve TI Grafting for Management of Root-knot Nematodes in Watermelon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Thies, Judy A.; Ariss, Jennifer J.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Hassel, Richard] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Olson, Steve] N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 576 EP 576 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900138 ER PT J AU Witcher, AL Fain, GB Spiers, JM AF Witcher, Anthony L. Fain, Glenn B. Spiers, James M. TI Boston Fern Production in Whole Pine Tree Substrates SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Southern Region of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, So Reg C1 [Witcher, Anthony L.; Spiers, James M.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Fain, Glenn B.] Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 578 EP 578 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900144 ER PT J AU Routson, KJ Reilley, AA Henk, AD Volk, GM AF Routson, Kanin J. Reilley, Ann A. Henk, Adam D. Volk, Gayle M. TI Identification of Historic Apple Trees in the Southwestern United States and Implications for Conservation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus; simple sequence repeat; genetic diversity ID MALUS; COLLECTION; DIVERSITY AB Many apple varieties commonly planted in the United States a century ago can no longer be found in today's orchards and nurseries. Abandoned farmsteads and historic orchards harbor considerable agrobiodiversity, but the extent and location of that diversity is poorly understood. We assessed the genetic diversity of 280 apple (Malus xdomestica Borkh.) trees growing in 43 historic farmstead and orchard sites in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico using seven microsatellite markers. We compared the samples to 109 cultivars likely introduced into the southwest in the late 19th and early, 20th centuries. Genetic analysis revealed 144 genotypes represented in the 280 field samples. We identified 34 of these 144 genotypes as cultivars brought to the region by Stark Brothers Nursery and by USDA agricultural experiment stations. One hundred twenty of the total samples (43%) had DNA fingerprints that suggested they were representative of these 34 cultivars. The remaining 160 samples-representing 110 genotypes-had unique fingerprints that did not match any of the fingerprinted cultivars. The results of this study confirm for the first time that a high diversity of historic apple genotypes remain in homestead orchards in the U.S. southwest. Future efforts targeting orchards in the southwest should focus on conservation for all unique genotypes as a means to sustain both cultural heritage and biological genetic diversity. C1 [Routson, Kanin J.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Reilley, Ann A.; Henk, Adam D.; Volk, Gayle M.] USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Routson, KJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, 1955 E Sixth St,POB 210184, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM kjr53@email.arizona.edu FU Kanin Routson's Master's research at Northern Arizona University; National Park Service; Margaret T. Morris Foundation FX This project was pail of Kanin Routson's Master's research at Northern Arizona University. Thank you to Gary Nablian, Thomas Sisk, David Ostergren, Gery Allan,and other staff at NAU who helped With this study. We also express Our gratitude to all who have provided funding for this project: the National Park Service and the Margaret T. Morris Foundation. In addition, we are grateful to Lee Calhoun, Ram Fishman, and Philip Forsline for sending leaf samples of named varieties used in this study and to Christopher Richards for use Of facilities at USDA-ARS-NCGRP. Lastly, we thank Gerard Geenen of the Plant Cytometry Services (Schijndel, The Netherlands) for determining ploidy for the samples and reference cultivars. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 589 EP 594 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900159 ER PT J AU Castle, WS Nunnallee, J Manthey, JA AF Castle, William S. Nunnallee, James Manthey, John A. TI Screening Citrus Rootstocks and Related Selections in Soil and Solution Culture for Tolerance to Low-iron Stress SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcareous; citrus relatives; Fe reduction; leaf greenness; sample size ID SOUR ORANGE; DEFICIENCY; CHLOROSIS; REDUCTION; GROWTH; TREES AB A broad range of plant selections across the orange subfamily Aurantioideae were screened in solution and soil culture for their tolerance to low iron (Fe) stress. Young seedlings grown in soil were transferred to tubs of +Fe nutrient solution, which was later replaced after a brief period with a -Fe solution. Over several trials, approximate to 20 white root tips were harvested periodically from the plants in each tub and assayed for their ability to reduce Fe(3+). The procedure was miniaturized to determine if a fewer number of root tips could be assayed to screen individual plants and to estimate the required sample size. For solution screening, seven root tips were estimated to be adequate for representing a single plant. Seedlings of a few selections were also grown in small containers of soil amended with 0% to 5.9% CaCO(3). The results in solution and soil culture were consistent with each other and with previous assessments of the various selections. Based on a summary of the solution and soil responses, the citrus selections were grouped in descending order of Fe(3+) reduction rates as Volkamer lemon/Rangpur/sour orange selections/Citrus macrophylla > mandarins and mandarin hybrids > citranges > citrumelos > trifoliate orange. Of the citrus relatives tested in solution culture only, those in the genera Glycosmis, Citropsis, Clausena, and Murraya had high Fe reduction rates with good seedling growth and new leaves developed a light yellow color or showed no loss of greenness. Other citrus relatives in the genera Severinia, Atalantia, and Fortunella and most somatic hybrids had low seedling vigor and produced too few root tips to be properly assessed. The results are useful because of the breadth of selections screened, the identification of various citrus relatives as potential sources of low-Fe stress tolerance in breeding new rootstocks, and the apparent positive relationship between the Fe(3+) reduction responses, soil screening responses, and field experiences with carbonate-induced Fe chlorosis responses. C1 [Castle, William S.; Nunnallee, James] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Hort Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Manthey, John A.] ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Castle, WS (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Hort Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM bcastle@ufl.edu NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 638 EP 645 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900167 ER PT J AU Blom, PE Tarara, JM AF Blom, Paul E. Tarara, Julie M. TI Trellis Tension Monitoring Improves Yield Estimation in Vineyards SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 'Concord'; Vitis labruscana; continuous crop monitoring; crop estimation; yield prediction ID CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; FRUIT-GROWTH; BERRY GROWTH; GRAPEVINE; ACCUMULATION; NUTRITION; DYNAMICS; HARVEST; DEFICIT; CANOPY AB Most yield estimation practices for commercial vineyards are based on longstanding but individually variable industry protocols that rely on hand-sampling fruit on one or a small number of dates during the growing season. Limitations associated with the static nature of yield estimation may be overcome by deployment of trellis tension monitors (TTMs), systems that provide dynamic measurement of changes in the tension of the main trellis support wire. In 10 commercial vineyards from which two commercial juice processors annually collect data to derive yield estimates, TTMs were installed. Processor and TTM data were subjected to three permutations of the basic linear computational approach to estimating yield and their accuracies evaluated given known harvested yield at various spatial scales. On average, TTM data produced more accurate estimates of actual yield than did the computational protocols of the juice processors. There was high vineyard-to-vineyard variability in the accuracy of the estimate under all approaches, even from those permutations designed to match the spatial scale of the data collected for yield estimation with the spatial scale of the actual harvested yield. The processor protocols appear to be more sensitive than the TTM approach to the selection of the antecedent years used for comparison with the current year's data. Trellis tension monitoring may be useful to supplant traditional, labor-intensive yield estimation practices or to supplement longstanding practices with real-time information that can be applied to dynamic revision of static yield estimates. C1 [Blom, Paul E.; Tarara, Julie M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Tarara, JM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jtarara@wsu.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 678 EP 685 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900174 ER PT J AU Greer, SP Rinehart, TA AF Greer, Stephen Patrick Rinehart, Timothy A. TI In Vitro Germination and Dormancy Responses of Hydrangea macrophylla and Hydrangea paniculata Seeds to Ethyl Methane Sulfonate and Cold Treatment SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stratification; seed physiology; alkylating agents; mutation breeding; Trichloro-s-triazinetrione (Trichlor); 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC); ImageJ ID FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; INDUCED MUTATIONS; DNA-DAMAGE; REPAIR; PLANTS; MUTAGENESIS; METHANESULFONATE; ARABIDOPSIS; DIVERSITY AB To determine the optimal conditions for mutagenesis of Hydrangea macrophyklla (Thunb.) Ser. and Hydrangea paniculata Siebold, cold-treated and untreated seed from representative cultivars were exposed to 0.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0% ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Most untreated H. macrophylla seed exposed to 2.5% and 5.0% EMS had substantially lower germination percentages. H. paniculata seed germination percentages did not differ from controls until EMS concentrations reached 5.0%. Cold treatment of H. macrophylla and H. paniculata seed made germination more tolerant to all concentrations of EMS tested and increased germination of most H. macrophylla cultivars when compared with lower dosages. Germination of cold-treated seed from H. paniculata cultivars rose substantially above control levels even at the highest dosages. For the most part, we observed more nondormant seed, or seed available for germination, but less viability with increasing EMS dosage in untreated Hydrangea L. seed versus controls. In contrast, cold-treated seed displayed higher levels of mutagen tolerance and nondormancy versus controls when exposed to these same doses of EMS. C1 [Greer, Stephen Patrick; Rinehart, Timothy A.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Greer, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, 810 Highway 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM stephen.greer@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 764 EP 769 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900189 ER PT J AU Goenaga, R Irizarry, H Irish, B AF Goenaga, Ricardo Irizarry, Heber Irish, Brian TI TARS Series of Cacao Germplasm Selections SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Theobroma cacao; pod index; flavor ID THEOBROMA-CACAO; EARLY YIELD; COCOA C1 [Goenaga, Ricardo; Irizarry, Heber; Irish, Brian] USDA ARS, TARS, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Goenaga, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, TARS, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM Ricardo.Goenaga@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 826 EP 827 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900199 ER PT J AU Gabriel, MZ Altland, JE Owen, JS AF Gabriel, Magdalena Zazirska Altland, James E. Owen, James S., Jr. TI The Effect of Physical and Hydraulic Properties of Peatmoss and Pumice on Douglas Fir Bark Based Soilless Substrates SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE moisture characteristic curves; container capacity; air space; particle size distribution; available water; water-buffering capacity ID MEDIA; MIXTURES AB Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. (Franco)] bark (DFB), sphagnum peatmoss, and pumice are the most common substrate components used in the Oregon nursery industry. The objective of this study was to document the effect of peat and pumice addition on the physical and hydrological properties of DFB soilless substrates. A secondary objective was to determine if measured properties of mixed soilless substrates can be accurately predicted from the known properties of the individual components. Treatment design was a 3 x 3 factorial with three rates each of sphagnum peatmoss and pumice (0%, 15%, and 30% by vol.) added to DFB. The resulting nine substrates were measured for total porosity, air space, container capacity, and bulk density using porometers. Moisture characteristic curves were generated by measuring water content along a continuous column. Adding pumice to DFB decreased total porosity, container capacity, available water, and water-buffering capacity but increased bulk density. Adding peatmoss to DFB increased total porosity, container capacity, and available water but decreased air space and bulk density. Comparison of predicted values against measured values indicated that bulk density could be predicted reliably; however, all other physical properties could not be accurately predicted. C1 [Altland, James E.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Gabriel, Magdalena Zazirska] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Owen, James S., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. RP Altland, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM James.Altland@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 874 EP 878 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 460AE UT WOS:000267154900214 ER PT J AU Johnson, CY Halfacre, AC Hurley, PT AF Johnson, Cassandra Y. Halfacre, Angela C. Hurley, Patrick T. TI Resistant Place Identities in Rural Charleston County, South Carolina: Cultural, Environmental, and Racial Politics in the Sewee to Santee Area SO HUMAN ECOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE sense of place; rural gentrification; political ecology; South Carolina Low Country; environmental decision-making ID COMMUNITY IDENTITIES; LANDSCAPE; SENSE; ECOLOGY AB The cultural and political implications of landscape change and urban growth in the western U.S. are well-documented. However, comparatively little scholarship has examined the effects of urbanization on sense of place in the southern U.S. We contribute to the literature on competing place meanings with a case study from the rural "Sewee to Santee" region of northern Charleston County, SC. Our research highlights conflicting cultural, environmental, and racial politics and their roles in struggles over place meanings. Using focus groups, interviews with elected officials, and participant observation, we document initial African American resistance and eventual compliance with the prevailing anti-sprawl discourse and associated sense of place promoted by the Charleston County Planning Commission and others. Our research suggests that dynamics driving development in the rural, U.S. South are similar in kind to those it? the Third World where natural resource decisions are informed by class, cultural, and racial politics. C1 [Johnson, Cassandra Y.] US Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Halfacre, Angela C.; Hurley, Patrick T.] Coll Charleston, Dept Polit Sci, Charleston, SC USA. RP Johnson, CY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC HUMAN ECOLOGY PI BAR HARBOR PA 105 EDEN ST, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609 USA SN 1074-4827 J9 HUM ECOL REV JI Hum. Ecol. Rev. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 373QH UT WOS:000260986500001 ER PT J AU Songstad, DD Lakshmanan, P Chen, J Gibbons, W Hughes, S Nelson, R AF Songstad, D. D. Lakshmanan, P. Chen, J. Gibbons, W. Hughes, S. Nelson, R. TI Historical perspective of biofuels: learning from the past to rediscover the future SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Biofuel; Bioethanol; Biodiesel; History AB This issue of in vitro plant is dedicated to various aspects of biofuel research and development. The editors have sought the experts in this field and solicited manuscripts for this special issue publication from various academic institutions, government (USDA, DOE), industry (Mendel, Alellyx, Canavilas, Syngenta, Monsanto), and various countries (USA, China, Brazil, India, and Australia). This has resulted in state-of-the-art articles describing ethanol and also biodiesel research. These publications highlight the status of biofuel research across the globe and also focus on private, public, and government interests. This is especially noteworthy in that President Barack Obama has stated that renewable energy is a pivotal aspect of his policy for the USA. The objective of this introduction is to provide the reader with the pertinent background information relative to the biofuel efforts within the private sector, academia, and government laboratories. In particular, the history of biofuel research and commercialization is provided as well as a summary of the various crop systems available for biofuel production. C1 [Songstad, D. D.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Lakshmanan, P.] BSES, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Chen, J.] Mendel Biotechnol, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. [Gibbons, W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hughes, S.] USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Nelson, R.] VeraSun Energy, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA. RP Songstad, DD (reprint author), Monsanto Co, 800 N Lindbergh Blvd, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. EM david.d.songstad@monsanto.com OI Songstad, David/0000-0002-5382-4797 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 189 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s11627-009-9218-6 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 459MC UT WOS:000267105700001 ER PT J AU Gibbons, WR Hughes, SR AF Gibbons, W. R. Hughes, S. R. TI Integrated biorefineries with engineered microbes and high-value co-products for profitable biofuels production SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Review DE First-generation biofuels; Second-generation biofuels; Biorefinery; Recombinant ethanologens ID PHASE FERMENTATION PROCESS; FUEL ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SWEET SORGHUM; YEAST STRAINS; CORN; BIOMASS; BIOCONVERSION; TOLERANCE; CARBON AB Corn-based fuel ethanol production processes provide several advantages which could be synergistically applied to overcome limitations of biofuel processes based on lignocellulose. These include resources such as equipment, manpower, nutrients, water, and heat. The fact that several demonstration-scale biomass ethanol processes are using corn as a platform supports this viewpoint. This report summarizes the advantages of first-generation corn-based biofuel processes and then describes the technologies, advantages, and limitations of second-generation lignocellulose-based biofuel systems. This is followed by a discussion of the potential benefit of fully integrating first- and second-generation processes. We conclude with an overview of the technology improvements that are needed to enhance the profitability of biofuel production through development of an integrated biorefinery. A key requirement is creation of industrially robust, multifunctional ethanologens that are engineered for maximum ethanol production from mixed sugars. In addition to ethanol, combined biorefineries could also be the source of valuable co-products, such as chemicals and plastics. However, this will require expression systems that produce high-value co-products. Advantages of this approach are that (1) such strains could be used for bioconversion in any part of the combined biorefinery and (2) using one recombinant organism with many additions should simplify the process of obtaining necessary FDA approval for feed products produced by or containing recombinant organisms. C1 [Gibbons, W. R.] S Dakota State Univ, Biol Microbiol Dept, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hughes, S. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gibbons, WR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Biol Microbiol Dept, Box 2104,DM 201, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM william.gibbons@sdstate.edu NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 218 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s11627-009-9202-1 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 459MC UT WOS:000267105700004 ER PT J AU Moser, BR AF Moser, Bryan R. TI Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Review DE Alternative feedstocks; Biodiesel; Fatty acid methyl esters; Fuel properties; Methanolysis; Transesterification ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; OIL METHYL-ESTERS; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; BASE-CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION; DIESEL FUEL BLENDS; L. SEED OIL; MIXED METHANOL/ETHANOL SYSTEM; IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION; BRANCHED-CHAIN DERIVATIVES AB Biodiesel, defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats, is an environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum diesel fuel (petrodiesel). Produced by transesterification with a monohydric alcohol, usually methanol, biodiesel has many important technical advantages over petrodiesel, such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, derivation from a renewable and domestic feedstock, superior flash point and biodegradability, negligible sulfur content, and lower exhaust emissions. Important disadvantages of biodiesel include high feedstock cost, inferior storage and oxidative stability, lower volumetric energy content, inferior low-temperature operability, and in some cases, higher NO (x) exhaust emissions. This review covers the process by which biodiesel is prepared, the types of catalysts that may be used for the production of biodiesel, the influence of free fatty acids on biodiesel production, the use of different monohydric alcohols in the preparation of biodiesel, the influence of biodiesel composition on fuel properties, the influence of blending biodiesel with other fuels on fuel properties, alternative uses for biodiesel, and value-added uses of glycerol, a co-product of biodiesel production. A particular emphasis is placed on alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production. Lastly, future challenges and outlook for biodiesel are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 298 TC 208 Z9 210 U1 5 U2 122 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 229 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s11627-009-9204-z PG 38 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 459MC UT WOS:000267105700005 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Sarath, G Stein, JM Owens, V Gedye, K Boe, A AF Gonzalez-Hernandez, J. L. Sarath, G. Stein, J. M. Owens, V. Gedye, K. Boe, A. TI A multiple species approach to biomass production from native herbaceous perennial feedstocks SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Review DE Biomass; Herbaceous perennial feedstocks; Marginal lands; Little bluestem; Prairie cordgrass ID SWITCHGRASS PANICUM-VIRGATUM; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; BIOENERGY PRODUCTION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; MARGINAL SOILS AB Due to the rapid rate of worldwide consumption of nonrenewable fossil fuels, production of biofuels from cellulosic sources is receiving increased research emphasis. Here, we review the feasibility to produce lignocellulosic biomass on marginal lands that are not well-suited for conventional crop production. Large areas of these marginal lands are located in the central prairies of North America once dominated by tallgrass species. In this article, we review the existing literature, current work, and potential of two native species of the tallgrass prairie, prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata), and little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) as candidates for commercial production of biofuel. Based on the existing literature, we discuss the need to accelerate research in the areas of agronomy, breeding, genetics, and potential pathogens. Cropping systems based on maintaining biodiversity across landscapes are essential for a sustainable production and to mitigate impact of pathogens and pests. C1 [Gonzalez-Hernandez, J. L.; Stein, J. M.; Owens, V.; Gedye, K.; Boe, A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Sarath, G.] USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM jose.gonzalez@sdstate.edu NR 132 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 267 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s11627-009-9215-9 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 459MC UT WOS:000267105700006 ER PT J AU Flanagan, RC Neal-McKinney, JM Dhillon, AS Miller, WG Konkel, ME AF Flanagan, Rebecca C. Neal-McKinney, Jason M. Dhillon, A. Singh Miller, William G. Konkel, Michael E. TI Examination of Campylobacter jejuni Putative Adhesins Leads to the Identification of a New Protein, Designated FlpA, Required for Chicken Colonization SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; FIBRONECTIN-BINDING PROTEIN; SEQUENCE TYPING SYSTEM; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CADF; SURFACE; GENE; COLI; ENVIRONMENT; ADHERENCE AB Campylobacter jejuni colonization of chickens is presumably dependent upon multiple surface-exposed proteins termed adhesins. Putative C. jejuni adhesins include CadF, CapA, JlpA, major outer membrane protein, PEB1, Cj1279c, and Cj1349c. We examined the genetic relatedness of 97 C. jejuni isolates recovered from human, poultry, bovine, porcine, ovine, and canine sources by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and examined their profile of putative adhesin-encoding genes by dot blot hybridization. To assess the individual contribution of each protein in bacterium-host cell adherence, the C. jejuni genes encoding the putative adhesins were disrupted by insertional mutagenesis. The phenotype of each mutant was judged by performing in vitro cell adherence assays with chicken LMH hepatocellular carcinoma epithelial cells and in vivo colonization assays with broiler chicks. MLST analysis indicated that the C. jejuni isolates utilized in this study were genetically diverse. Dot blot hybridization revealed that the C. jejuni genes encoding the putative adhesins, with the exception of capA, were conserved among the isolates. The C. jejuni CadF, CapA, Cj1279c, and Cj1349c proteins were found to play a significant role in the bacterium's in vitro adherence to chicken epithelial cells, while CadF, PEB1, and Cj1279c were determined to play a significant role in the bacterium's in vivo colonization of broiler chicks. Collectively, the data indicate that Cj1279c is a novel adhesin. Because Cj1279c harbors fibronectin type III domains, we designated the protein FlpA, for fibronectin-like protein A. C1 [Flanagan, Rebecca C.; Neal-McKinney, Jason M.; Konkel, Michael E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Dhillon, A. Singh] Washington State Univ, Avian Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Coll Vet Med, Puyallup, WA USA. [Miller, William G.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Konkel, ME (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM konkel@wsu.edu FU USDA National Research Initiative's Food Safety 32.0 program [200635201-16553, 2006-35201-17305] FX This work was supported from funds awarded to M. E. K. from the USDA National Research Initiative's Food Safety 32.0 program (200635201-16553 and 2006-35201-17305). NR 36 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 77 IS 6 BP 2399 EP 2407 DI 10.1128/IAI.01266-08 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 447HO UT WOS:000266182400017 PM 19349427 ER PT J AU Dawson, H Solano-Aguilar, G Beal, M Beshah, E Vangimalla, V Jones, E Botero, S Urban, JF AF Dawson, Harry Solano-Aguilar, Gloria Beal, Madeline Beshah, Ethiopia Vangimalla, Vandana Jones, Eudora Botero, Sebastian Urban, Joseph F., Jr. TI Localized Th1-, Th2-, T Regulatory Cell-, and Inflammation-Associated Hepatic and Pulmonary Immune Responses in Ascaris suum-Infected Swine Are Increased by Retinoic Acid SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; DEFICIENT MICE; MAST-CELLS; POLYRIBOCYTIDYLIC ACID; ALLERGEN CHALLENGE; MEXICAN CHILDREN; MOUSE MODEL; EXPRESSION AB Pigs infected with Ascaris suum or controls were given 100 mu g (low-dose) or 1,000 mu g (high-dose) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)/kg body weight in corn oil or corn oil alone per os on days after inoculation (DAI) -1, -1, and -3 with infective eggs. Treatment with ATRA increased interleukin 4 (IL4) and IL12p70 in plasma of infected pigs at 7 DAI and augmented bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia observed at 7 and 14 DAI. To explore potential molecular mechanisms underlying these observations, a quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR array was used to examine mRNA expression in tissue. Ascaris-infected pigs had increased levels of liver mRNA for T-helper-2 (Th2)-associated cytokines, mast cell markers, and T regulatory (Treg) cells, while infected pigs given ATRA had higher IL4, IL13, CCL11, CCL26, CCL17, CCL22, and TPSB1 expression. Gene expression for Th1-associated markers (IFNG, IL12B, and TBX21), the CXCR3 ligand (CXCL9), IL1B, and the putative Treg marker TNFRSF18 was also increased. Expression of IL4, IL13, IL1B, IL6, CCL11, and CCL26 was increased in the lungs of infected pigs treated with ATRA. To determine a putative cellular source of eosinophil chemoattractants, alveolar macrophages were treated with IL4 and/or ATRA in vitro. IL4 induced CCL11, CCL17, CCL22, and CCL26 mRNA, and ATRA increased the basal and IL4-stimulated expression of CCL17 and CCL22. Thus, ATRA augments a diverse Th1-, Th2-, Treg-, and inflammation-associated response in swine infected with A. suum, and the increased BAL eosinophilia may be related to enhanced induction of eosinophil chemokine activity by alveolar macrophages. C1 [Dawson, Harry; Solano-Aguilar, Gloria; Beshah, Ethiopia; Vangimalla, Vandana; Botero, Sebastian; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Beal, Madeline] NCI, Expt Transplantat & Immunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Jones, Eudora] NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dawson, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Rm 224,Bldg 307C,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Harry.Dawson@ars.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 80 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 77 IS 6 BP 2576 EP 2587 DI 10.1128/IAI.00827-07 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 447HO UT WOS:000266182400035 PM 19332534 ER PT J AU Nirmala, X Zimowska, GJ Handler, AM AF Nirmala, X. Zimowska, G. J. Handler, A. M. TI Characterization of the proteasome beta 2 subunit gene and its mutant allele in the tephritid fruit fly pest, Anastrepha suspensa SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE proteasome subunits; ubiquitin-proteasome pathway; temperature-sensitive lethality; Anastrepha suspensa; biological control; AsPros beta 2 ID MAMMALIAN 20S PROTEASOME; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION AB In Drosophila melanogaster the beta 2 proteasome subunit gene, Pros beta 2, was first identified as a dominant temperature sensitive mutant, DTS-7, that causes pupal lethality at 29 degrees C but allows survival to adulthood at 25 degrees C. To explore the use of proteasome mutations for a conditional lethal system in insect pests, we identified and isolated the beta 2 subunit gene of the 20S proteasome from the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa. The caribfly ortholog AsPros beta 2 was isolated from pupal cDNA by 5' and 3' RACE. The AsPros beta 2 protein has high amino acid sequence similarity to predicted insect Pros beta 2 subunits and homologs from yeast and mammals, and it contains the well conserved amino acids that confer catalytic activity and substrate specificity. AsPros beta 2 is a single copy gene and its RNA accumulates throughout all developmental stages of the caribfly. For functional studies a point mutation, analogous to the Pros beta 2(1) mutation in D. melanogaster, was introduced into AsPros beta 2 to create an aberrant protein with a Gly170Arg substitution. Consistent with the DTS-7 mutation, transgenic insects carrying the mutant allele undergo normal metamorphosis at the permissive temperature (25 degrees C) but at the non-permissive temperature (29 degrees C) they exhibit effective pupal lethality. This is the first report of a functional characterization of a Pros beta 2 cognate based on the creation of a dominant temperature-sensitive mutation. This type of temperature-dependent lethality could be used for biological control, where transgenic insects are reared to adulthood at 25 degrees C or lower and then released into the field where ambient temperatures averaging 29 degrees C or greater cause lethality in their progeny. C1 [Nirmala, X.; Zimowska, G. J.; Handler, A. M.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Handler, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM al.handler@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES-NRICGP FX We gratefully acknowledge John Belote, Syracuse University, for sharing mutant strains, plasmids, and advice, and Seth Britch, USDA-ARS-CMAVE, for help with statistical analysis. This project was supported by the USDA-CSREES-NRICGP. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00875.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 446HE UT WOS:000266111900007 PM 19523065 ER PT J AU Wang, SJ An, SH Stanley, D Song, QS AF Wang, Songjie An, Shiheng Stanley, David Song, Qisheng TI Cloning and characterization of a bursicon-regulated gene Su(H) in the house fly Musca domestica SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cuticle sclerotization; gene regulation; Musca domestica; Notch pathway; r-bursicon; suppressor of hairless ID SUPPRESSOR-OF-HAIRLESS; CUTICLE-HARDENING HORMONE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; WING DEVELOPMENT; SIGNALING PATHWAY; IMAGINAL ECDYSIS; CELL-DEATH; NOTCH; RECEPTOR; IDENTIFICATION AB Bursicon is a neuropeptide that regulates cuticle sclerotization (hardening and tanning) in insect via a G-protein coupled receptor. However, the signal transduction pathway downstream of the G-protein coupled receptor is currently not well known. In our recent microarray analysis, we identified a panel of genes regulated by bursicon in Drosophila. One of the genes, Suppressor of Hairless, or Su(H), has drawn our attention because its product acts down-stream of the bursicon receptor. In the present study, we cloned the Drosophila homolog, mdSu(H), from the house fly Musca domestica using 3' and 5' rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the level of mdSu(H) transcript is up-regulated by similar to 3-fold 1 h after recombinant bursicon injection, which correlates well with the cuticle sclerotization process observed in the recombinant bursicon-injected flies. We infer that Su(H) is an essential gene involved in the insect cuticle sclerotization process. C1 [Wang, Songjie; An, Shiheng; Song, Qisheng] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stanley, David] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Song, QS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM songq@missouri.edu FU NSF [0446036] FX This research was supported by a grant from NSF (0446036). NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2009.01248.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451IH UT WOS:000266463400001 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Fang, QQ AF Zhu, Yu Cheng Fang, Quentin Q. TI The phylogenetic relationships of introduced Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), biological control agents of the Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aphelinus; Aphidius; ITS; molecular systematics; phylogeny; rDNA ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; NASONIA; INCOMPATIBILITY; SEQUENCES; PTEROMALIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; COMPLEX AB Several species of Aphelinus have been introduced to the US from the Old World for biological control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Modvilko). Reproductive incompatibility has been observed among populations collected from different geographic areas. We examined whether or not the reproductive incompatibility between strains of A. asychis was caused by distant phylogenetic relationships. Ribosomal DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacers 2 (ITS2) were analyzed in several species of Aphelinus collected from multiple sites of Europe and Asia. The phylogenetic analysis showed that strains within the species A. albipodus and A. asychis are not monophyletic, and two clearly divergent clades were revealed among sequenced samples. Our results suggest that the reproductive incompatibility between three exotic strains of A. asychis was more likely caused by divergence of phylogeny than by symbiotic bacteria. C1 [Zhu, Yu Cheng] USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Fang, Quentin Q.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, JWDSRC, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2009.01249.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451IH UT WOS:000266463400008 ER PT J AU Kartal, SN Green, F Clausen, CA AF Kartal, S. N. Green, F., III Clausen, C. A. TI Do the unique properties of nanometals affect leachability or efficacy against fungi and termites? SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Decay; Nanometal; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Mould; Subterranean termite AB Nanotechnology has the potential to affect the field of wood preservation through the creation of new and unique metal biocides with improved properties. This study evaluated leachability and efficacy of southern yellow pine wood treated with copper, zinc, or boron nanoparticles against mould fungi, decay fungi, and Eastern subterranean termites. Results showed that nanocopper with and without surfactant, nanozinc, and nanozinc plus silver with surfactant resisted leaching compared with metal oxide controls. Nearly all nanoboron and boric acid was released from the treated wood specimens during leaching. Mould fungi were moderately inhibited by nanozinc oxide with surfactant, but the other nanometal preparations did not significantly inhibit mould fungi. Mass loss from Gloeophyllum trabeum was significantly inhibited by all copper preparations, while Antrodia sp. was not inhibited by nanometal treatments. Nanometals imparted high resistance in southern yellow pine to the white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor. Unleached specimens treated with nanoboron or nanozinc plus surfactant caused 100% and 31% mortality, respectively. All specimens treated with nanozinc or nanozinc plus silver inhibited termite feeding, but the copper treatments were less effective against termites. Nanozinc possessed the most favorable properties: leach resistance, termite mortality, and inhibition of termite feeding and decay by the white-rot fungus. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Green, F., III; Clausen, C. A.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kartal, S. N.] Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM cclausen@fs.fed.us RI Kartal, Nami/E-6516-2013 FU Research Fund of Istanbul University [YOP-1758] FX The authors thank Rachel Arango for assistance with termite testing, Vina Yang for conducting the mould tests, and Bessie Woodward for assistance with the soil block decay tests. The present work was supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University; Project No: YOP-1758. The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and it is therefore in the public domain and not subject to copyright. NR 10 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 63 IS 4 BP 490 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.01.007 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 454VY UT WOS:000266712800020 ER PT J AU Li, RW Gasbarre, LC AF Li, Robert W. Gasbarre, Louis C. TI A temporal shift in regulatory networks and pathways in the bovine small intestine during Cooperia oncophora infection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bovine; Parasite; Nematode; Gastrointestinal; Cooperia; Pathway; Network; Microarray ID HOST RESPONDER TYPES; RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GENE-EXPRESSION; MAMMARY-GLAND; FATTY-ACIDS; TNF-ALPHA AB Cooperia oncophora is an important parasitic nematode of cattle with a wide distribution in temperate areas. Twenty Holstein nematode-naive bull calves were experimentally infected with approximately 100,000 infective L3s and infection was allowed to progress for 7, 14, 28, 42 days, respectively. This experiment was conducted to identify putative recognition and inflammatory pathways in the host-parasite relationship. Gene expression profiles of the small intestine were compared using a high-density bovine 60 mer oligo microarray. A total of 310 genes were differentially expressed during the course of infection. The pathways and regulatory networks significantly impacted by the infection were analysed. A total of 22 canonical pathways and nine regulatory networks were significantly affected during infection. During the early phase of the infection (7 days p.i.), parasites Suppressed the acute phase response and the complement system of the host. At 14 days p.i., three out of the six pathways impacted were related with retinoid X receptor (RXR) functions. At 28 days p.i., the effects on RXR were less evident. The host response shifted to lipid metabolism and signalling, especially eicosanoid production and signalling, suggesting that eicosanoid-mediated inflammation might be a major host defence mechanism. By 42 days p.i., the pathways impacted involved glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta signalling. The expression of cadherin-like 26 (CDH26) was strongly up-regulated starting at 14 days p.i. and peaked at 28 days p.i. The extent of its expression is positively correlated with the infiltration of eosinophils (R = 0.82) and coincides with the number of adult parasites in the tissue. CDH26 demonstrated an expression profile similar to two other cell adhesion molecules involved in recognition of carbohydrates on foreign organisms, collectin and galectin, suggesting that it may serve as a pattern recognition molecule for C. oncophora. These results provide a potential molecular roadmap for future studies aimed at defining host immune responses and understanding protective immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 [Li, Robert W.; Gasbarre, Louis C.] USDA ARS, BARC E, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bldg 200,Room 16, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.li@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 813 EP 824 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.11.007 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 440QI UT WOS:000265714400008 PM 19116156 ER PT J AU Maruvada, R McFeeters, RF AF Maruvada, Rashmi McFeeters, Roger F. TI Evaluation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic softening in low salt cucumber fermentations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brining; blanching; Cucumis sativus; p-nitrophenyl glycosides ID EGG-BOX MODEL; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; CALCIUM-CHLORIDE; CELL-WALL; POLYGALACTURONASE; TISSUE; PH; INHIBITION; ENZYMES; PURIFICATION AB Retention of a firm, crisp fruit texture is a major consideration for pickled vegetables including pickles made from fermented cucumbers. It is known that cucumbers soften rapidly when fermented at low salt concentrations (< 0.5 M) without added calcium. This study has shown that there is non-enzymatic softening in low salt fermentations because cucumbers soften even when heated sufficiently to inactivate pectinesterase and several glycosidases that can hydrolyse glycosidic linkages that are present in cell wall polysaccharides. Though pectinesterase activity declines and these glycosidases lose activity within the first week of fermentation there is generally greater loss of cucumber tissue firmness when enzymes are not inactivated by heat. While heating cucumbers prior to fermentation reduces softening during subsequent storage, a heat treatment after 2 weeks of fermentation does not reduce softening. This result suggested that the enzymatic reactions responsible for softening occur early in the fermentation process even though the softening does not become evident until later in the storage period. Despite the evidence of an enzymatic component of tissue softening in low salt cucumbers, softening could not be associated with specific enzymes. C1 [McFeeters, Roger F.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Maruvada, Rashmi] Catalent Pharma Solut, Morrisville, NC USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM roger.mcfeeters@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1108 EP 1117 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2009.01925.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 440OE UT WOS:000265708800005 ER PT J AU Guerrero, JSP Pimentel, LCG Skaggs, TH van Genuchten, MT AF Guerrero, J. S. Perez Pimentel, L. C. G. Skaggs, T. H. van Genuchten, M. Th. TI Analytical solution of the advection-diffusion transport equation using a change-of-variable and integral transform technique SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Analytical solution; Transport equation; Integral transforms ID 1ST-ORDER DECAY; MODEL AB This paper presents a formal exact solution of the linear advection-diffusion transport equation with constant coefficients for both transient and steady-state regimes. A classical mathematical substitution transforms the original advection-diffusion equation into an exclusively diffusive equation. The new diffusive problem is solved analytically using the classic version of Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT), resulting in an explicit formal solution. The new solution is shown to converge faster than a hybrid analytical-numerical solution previously obtained by applying the GITT directly to the advection-diffusion transport equation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Skaggs, T. H.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Pimentel, L. C. G.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Meteorol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Guerrero, J. S. Perez] DIREJ DRS CNEN, Brazilian Nucl Energy Commiss, Radioact Waste Div, BR-22290901 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [van Genuchten, M. Th.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Mech Engn, LTTC COPPE, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Todd.Skaggs@ars.usda.gov RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 FU Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq); Department of Environmental Sciences of the University of California Riverside (UCR); United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL); CAPES FX The first author acknowledges support by the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq), the Department of Environmental Sciences of the University of California Riverside (UCR) and the United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL). This research was supported also in part by a fellowship from CAPES to M. Th. van Genuchten. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 13-14 BP 3297 EP 3304 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.02.002 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 447UG UT WOS:000266216700044 ER PT J AU Dvorak, WS Potter, KM Hipkins, VD Hodge, GR AF Dvorak, W. S. Potter, K. M. Hipkins, V. D. Hodge, G. R. TI GENETIC DIVERSITY AND GENE EXCHANGE IN PINUS OOCARPA, A MESOAMERICAN PINE WITH RESISTANCE TO THE PITCH CANKER FUNGUS (FUSARIUM CIRCINATUM) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Pinus tecunumanii; Pinus patula; microsatellite markers; gene flow; biogeography; hybridization ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CENTRAL-AMERICA; HARD PINES; PINACEAE; MEXICO; COPY; RADIATA; DIFFERENTIATION AB Eleven highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic structure and levels of diversity in 51 natural populations of Pinus oocarpa across its geographic range of 3000 km in Mesoamerica. The study also included 17 populations of Pinus patula and Pinus tecunumanii chosen for their resistance or susceptibility to the pitch canker fungus based on previous research. Seedlings from all 68 populations were screened for pitch canker resistance, and results were correlated to mean genetic diversity and collection site variables. Results indicate that P. oocarpa exhibits average to above-average levels of genetic diversity (A = 19.82, A(R) 11.86, H(E) = 0.711) relative to other conifers. Most populations were out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and a high degree of inbreeding was found in the species (F(IS) = 0.150). Bayesian analysis grouped P. oocarpa into four genetic clusters highly correlated to geography and distinct from P. patula and P. tecunumanii. Historic gene flow across P. oocarpa clusters was observed (N(m) = 1.1-2.7), but the most pronounced values were found between P. oocarpa and P. tecunumanii (low-altitude provenances) in Central America (Nm 9: 7). Pinus oocarpa appears to have two main centers of diversity, one in the Eje Transversal Volcanico in central Mexico and the other in Central America. Introgression between P. oocarpa and P. tecunumanii populations appears to be common. Pinus oocarpa populations showed high resistance to pitch canker (stemkill 3%-8%), a disease that the species has presumably coevolved with in Mesoamerica. Resistance was significantly correlated to the latitude, longitude, and altitude of the collection site but not to any genetic-diversity parameters or degree of admixture with P. tecunumanii. C1 [Dvorak, W. S.; Hodge, G. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Int Tree Conservat & Domesticat Program CAMCORE, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Potter, K. M.] Forest Sci Lab, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hipkins, V. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Forest Genet Lab, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Dvorak, WS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Int Tree Conservat & Domesticat Program CAMCORE, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dvorak@unity.ncsu.edu OI Potter, Kevin/0000-0002-7330-5345 FU CAMCORE membership; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station and North Carolina State University [08JV11330146078] FX We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which improved the manuscript. We would also like to thank Elmer Gutierrez, Mike Tighe, Juan Luis Lopez (CAMCORE), and Jose Romero (formerly with CAMCORE) and our counterparts in Mexico and Central America for making seed collections throughout Mesoamerica. We would also like to thank David Boshier of the OFI for the donation of additional provenances of Pinus oocarpa seeds; Josh Bronson of the U.S. Forest Service, Rust Screening Center, for conducting the Fusarium testing; and Willi Woodbridge, Robert Jetton, and Andy Whittier (CAMCORE) for assistance on the maps and tables. We also appreciate the advice from Claire Williams (Duke University) and Merv Shepherd (Southern Cross University) on the selection of microsatellite loci for the study and the laboratory assistance of Ricardo Hernandez and Jennifer DeWoody (National Forest Genetics Laboratory). Finally, we appreciate the financial support of the CAMCORE membership in 17 countries for funding this research project. K. M. Potter's research was supported in part through Research Joint Venture Agreement 08JV11330146078 between the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station and North Carolina State University. NR 78 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 170 IS 5 BP 609 EP 626 DI 10.1086/597780 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 447VM UT WOS:000266220100005 ER PT J AU Vollrath, TL Gehlhar, MJ Hallahan, CB AF Vollrath, Thomas L. Gehlhar, Mark J. Hallahan, Charles B. TI Bilateral Import Protection, Free Trade Agreements, and Other Factors Influencing Trade Flows in Agriculture and Clothing SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Factor endowments; geography; gravity; protection; trade agreements; trade policy; F1; F13; F14 ID EXCHANGE-RATE UNCERTAINTY; GRAVITY EQUATION; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; LINDER HYPOTHESIS; REGIONAL TRADE; MODEL; COUNTRIES AB Many factors shape the global network of bilateral trade including fundamental forces of supply and demand factors and government policies. This study uses the generalised gravity framework to distinguish among the different drivers that either deter or aid partner trade in land-intensive agriculture and labour-intensive clothing. The dataset used in the analysis includes bilateral trade among 70 countries in 1995, 2000 and 2005. Collectively, the 70 countries account for 85% of the world's trade in agriculture and 96% of its GDP. Empirical results lend support to the Heckscher-Ohlin explanation of trade, namely that relative factor endowments motivate cross-border trade. Results also show that tariffs are not always binding and bilateral free-trade agreements more often divert rather than create trade. C1 [Vollrath, Thomas L.; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Hallahan, Charles B.] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Vollrath, TL (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM thomasv@ers.usda.gov; mgehlhar@ers.usda.gov; hallahan@ers.usda.gov NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-857X J9 J AGR ECON JI J. Agric. Econ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 60 IS 2 BP 298 EP 317 DI 10.1111/j.1477-9552.2008.00186.x PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 437SV UT WOS:000265508100003 ER PT J AU Cushman, RA Allan, MF Kuehn, LA Snelling, WM Cupp, AS Freetly, HC AF Cushman, R. A. Allan, M. F. Kuehn, L. A. Snelling, W. M. Cupp, A. S. Freetly, H. C. TI Evaluation of antral follicle count and ovarian morphology in crossbred beef cows: Investigation of influence of stage of the estrous cycle, age, and birth weight SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age; antral follicle count; beef cow; birth weight; fertility ID GONADOTROPIN GENE-EXPRESSION; OVULATION RATE; HEREFORD COWS; BOVINE MODEL; ENDOCRINE CHARACTERISTICS; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES; LIFETIME PRODUCTION; WEANING WEIGHT; SHEEP FETUSES AB Depletion of the ovarian reserve is associated with reproductive senescence in mammalian females, and there is a positive relationship between the size of the ovarian reserve and the number of antral follicles on the surface of the ovary. Therefore, we conducted a series of experiments to investigate the influence of stage of the estrous cycle, age, and birth weight on antral follicle counts (AFC) in beef cows and heifers. Pairs of ovaries were collected from crossbred beef cows at slaughter (n = 72) or at necropsy (n = 333; 0 to 11 yr of age); all visible antral follicles were counted, the ovaries were weighed, and stage of the estrous cycle was estimated based on ovarian morphology. There was no influence of estimated stage of the estrous cycle on AFC (P = 0.36). There was a small but positive effect of birth weight on AFC [AFC = -1.7 +0.31(birth weight); P = 0.007, r(2) = 0.05]. When antral follicle counts were regressed on age, there was a quadratic effect of age such that AFC increased until 5 yr of age and decreased thereafter [AFC = 12.9 + 9.0(yr) - 0.86(yr(2)); P < 0.001, r(2) = 0.22]. In a third experiment, crossbred beef heifers (n = 406; 353 to 463 d of age) at 3 locations were subjected to ovarian ultrasonography on unknown day of the estrous cycle. Heifers were classified as low AFC (< 15 follicle, n = 84) or high AFC (> 24 follicles, n = 178). Whereas estimated stage of the estrous cycle did not influence AFC (P = 0.62), heifers classified as low AFC had smaller ovaries (P = 0.001), decreased birth weight (P = 0.003), and a decreased heifer pregnancy rate (P = 0.05) compared with heifers in the high AFC group. From these results, we conclude that AFC in beef cows and heifers is influenced by birth weight and age but not by stage of the estrous cycle. In beef cows, the number of antral follicles increases to 5 yr of age and then begins to decline. This may indicate that a decrease in fertility due to decline of the ovarian reserve may begin earlier than previously thought in beef cows. C1 [Cushman, R. A.; Allan, M. F.; Kuehn, L. A.; Snelling, W. M.; Freetly, H. C.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr USMARC, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Cupp, A. S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Cushman, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr USMARC, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Bob.Cushman@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1971 EP 1980 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1728 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 446GE UT WOS:000266108600016 PM 19286826 ER PT J AU Weaver, AD Bowker, BC Gerrard, DE AF Weaver, A. D. Bowker, B. C. Gerrard, D. E. TI Sarcomere length influences mu-calpain-mediated proteolysis of bovine myofibrils SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; mu-calpain; sarcomere length; tenderness; troponin-T ID PORCINE LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; TROPONIN-T; FILAMENT LENGTHS; STRIATED MUSCLE; CATHEPSIN-B; TEMPERATURE; BEEF; MEAT; DEGRADATION; TENDERNESS AB Muscle shortening and postmortem proteolysis both influence beef tenderness, but their interacting effects on tenderness are relatively unknown. Inherent myofibril structure and the extent of overlap between myosin and actin filaments are hypothesized to affect the availability of substrates for degradation by calpains. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of sarcomere length on the extent of calpain-induced proteolysis of bovine myofibrils in vitro. Bovine semitendinosus muscles were excised within 20 min postmortem and dissected into strips, which were stretched and attached to applicator sticks or allowed slack to generate samples with different sarcomere lengths upon rigor completion. Samples were allowed to undergo rigor in a neutral pH buffer containing a protease inhibitor. Myofibrils were isolated and incubated at room temperature with excess exogenous mu-calpain at a ratio of 1: 800 (wt/wt; enzyme: myofibrillar protein) at pH 6.8 for 0, 2, 60, 1,440, or 2,880 min. Purified troponin was subjected to the same digestion conditions. Proteolysis of troponin T (TnT) was monitored using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Sarcomere length was greater (P < 0.0001) in stretched versus shortened samples (2.99 mu m +/- 0.03 vs. 2.12 +/- 0.03 mu m, respectively, means +/- SE). Western blots for both stretched and shortened samples exhibited bands corresponding to intact TnT and TnT fragments. The abundance of intact TnT decreased (P < 0.0001) with incubation time across both treatments. At 1,440 and 2,880 min, less (P < 0.05) intact TnT was detected in samples with long sarcomeres. These data indicate proteolysis of TnT occurs to a greater extent in samples with longer sarcomeres, possibly due to easier access of proteases to their targeted substrates. Degradation patterns of TnT were qualitatively similar between myofibrils and purified troponin after incubation with mu-calpain. Therefore, it is unlikely that the mechanism by which proteolysis is limited in short sarcomeres involves an actomyosin-mediated interference of TnT. C1 [Weaver, A. D.; Gerrard, D. E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bowker, B. C.] USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gerrard, DE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dgerrard@vt.edu NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 87 IS 6 BP 2096 EP 2103 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1317 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 446GE UT WOS:000266108600031 PM 19329480 ER PT J AU Aiken, GE Strickland, JR Looper, ML Bush, LP Schrick, FN AF Aiken, G. E. Strickland, J. R. Looper, M. L. Bush, L. P. Schrick, F. N. TI Hemodynamics are altered in the caudal artery of beef heifers fed different ergot alkaloid concentrations SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; Doppler ultrasonography; fescue toxicosis; Lolium arundinaceum; tall fescue; vasoconstriction ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; SERUM PROLACTIN; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; CATTLE; VASOCONSTRICTION; CONSUMPTION; TOXICOSIS; RESPONSES; BIOASSAY; REFLEX AB Doppler ultrasonography was used to compare blood flow characteristics in the caudal artery of heifers fed diets with endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) noninfected (E-, 0 mu g of ergovaline/g of DM), a 1: 1 mixture of endophyte-infected and E( E+E-; 0.39 mu g of ergovaline/g of DM), or endophyte-infected (E+, 0.79 mu g of ergovaline/g of DM) tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) seed. Eighteen crossbred (Angus x Brangus) heifers [345 +/- 19 kg (SD)] were assigned to individual pens and fed chopped alfalfa hay plus a concentrate that contained E-tall fescue seed for 7 d during an adjustment period. A 9-d experimental period followed with feeding treatments of chopped alfalfa hay plus a concentrate with E+, E-, or E+ E- seed being assigned randomly to pens. Doppler ultrasound measurements (caudal artery luminal area, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, mean velocity, heart rate, and flow rate) and serum prolactin were monitored during the adjustment (3 baseline measures) and during the experimental period (7 measures). Statistical analyses compared proportionate differences between baseline and responses at 3, 27, 51, 75, 171, and 195 h from initial feeding of the experimental diets. Serum prolactin concentrations for E+ and E+ E- diets were less (P < 0.001) than baseline concentrations beginning at 27 and 51 h, respectively, from initial feeding of the diets. Although baseline measures were taken when ambient temperatures were likely below thermoneutrality, caudal artery luminal cross-sectional area in E+ heifers had declined (P = 0.004) from baseline by 27 h and remained less (P < 0.02) until 195 h, and caudal artery luminal area declined (P = 0.004) in E+ E- heifers from baseline by 51 h and remained less (P < 0.07) until 171 h. Blood flow rate was slower than the baseline rate at 51 h for E+ (P = 0.058) and E+ E- (P = 0.02 heifers, but blood flow remained slower in E+ E- heifers for 48 h, whereas it remained slower in E+ heifers for 96 h. Adjustments in artery luminal area and blood rate with the 3 diets appeared to parallel the increases in ambient temperature. Heifers fed a diet containing a larger amount of ergot alkaloids had less of a response to ambient temperature than heifers consuming the diet with less or no ergot alkaloids. C1 [Aiken, G. E.; Strickland, J. R.] USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Looper, M. L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Bush, L. P.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Schrick, F. N.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM glen.aiken@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 87 IS 6 BP 2142 EP 2150 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1562 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 446GE UT WOS:000266108600036 PM 19251925 ER PT J AU Franklin, DH Cabrera, ML Byers, HL Matthews, MK Andrae, JG Radcliffe, DE McCann, MA Kuykendall, HA Hoveland, CS Calvert, VH AF Franklin, D. H. Cabrera, M. L. Byers, H. L. Matthews, M. K. Andrae, J. G. Radcliffe, D. E. McCann, M. A. Kuykendall, H. A. Hoveland, C. S. Calvert, V. H., II TI Impact of water troughs on cattle use of riparian zones in the Georgia Piedmont in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; global positioning system collar; riparian zone; tall fescue ID GROUND COVER IMPACTS; PASTURE; STREAM; PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENT; PATTERNS; EXPORT; GIS AB Cattle use of riparian areas may lead to stream water contamination with nutrients, pathogens, and sediments. Providing alternative water away from the stream may reduce the amount of time cattle spend near streams and therefore reduce contamination. We conducted this study to 1) evaluate the effect of providing water troughs outside of the riparian zones on the amount of time cattle spend in riparian zones, and 2) evaluate if environmental factors such as temperature and humidity affect the impact of water trough availability on the amount of time cattle spend within riparian and nonriparian locations. Global positioning system (GPS) collars were used to document cow locations every 5 min in 2 mixed tall fescue/common bermuda-grass pastures of the Georgia Piedmont in the United States. We found that when the temperature and humidity index (THI) ranged between 62 and 72, providing cattle with water troughs outside of riparian zones tended to decrease time cattle spent in riparian zones by 63% (52 min.d(-1); P = 0.11). When THI ranged between 72 and 84, nonriparian water availability did not have a significant impact on the amount of time cattle spent in the riparian zone or in riparian shade. These results suggest that water troughs placed away from unfenced streams may improve water quality by reducing the amount of time cattle spend in riparian zones when environmental conditions as evaluated by THI are not stressful. C1 [Franklin, D. H.; McCann, M. A.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Cabrera, M. L.; Byers, H. L.; Matthews, M. K.; Andrae, J. G.; Radcliffe, D. E.; Hoveland, C. S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McCann, M. A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Calvert, V. H., II] Univ Georgia, Cent Res & Educ Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Franklin, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dory.franklin@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Hatch funds; USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service FX This research was supported by funds from the USDA-ARS, state, and Hatch funds allocated to the Georgia Agric. Exp. Stn., as well as funds provided by the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service. The authors are grateful to Eric Brazil, Gerald Cathey, Lynn Clapp, the late Tom Fitzgerald, Johnnie Hash, Nick Hill, Timothy Hunnicutt, Frank Newsome, John Rema, Glenn Ware, and Chad Westmoreland ( all from University of Georgia, Athens) for their technical assistance. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 87 IS 6 BP 2151 EP 2159 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1522 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 446GE UT WOS:000266108600037 PM 19286818 ER PT J AU Crone, EE Marler, M Pearson, DE AF Crone, Elizabeth E. Marler, Marilyn Pearson, Dean E. TI Non-target effects of broadleaf herbicide on a native perennial forb: a demographic framework for assessing and minimizing impacts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Balsamorhiza sagittata; Centaurea maculosa; decision analysis; grassland; matrix model; pesticide; picloram; population dynamics; sensitivity analysis; weed control ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; POPULATION VIABILITY; RANDOM-ENVIRONMENTS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; FESCUE GRASSLAND; INVASIVE PLANTS; MANAGEMENT; MODELS AB Invasive species are one of the leading threats to biodiversity worldwide. Therefore, chemical herbicides are increasingly used to control invasive plants in natural and semi-natural areas. Little is known about the non-target impacts of these chemicals on native species. We conducted an experiment to test the demographic effects of the herbicide picloram on a native dominant forb, arrowleaf balsamroot Balsamorhiza sagittata. As reported in earlier studies, picloram did not change leaf area of balsamroot in the short term (5 years). However, a single application of picloram dramatically reduced flowering and seed set, and these effects have persisted for at least 4 years after spraying. Matrix population models based on these data suggest that arrowleaf balsamroot is slowly declining in the presence of weeds, rapidly declining in the presence of herbicide, but might experience a release period after the herbicide decays and before weeds reinvade. Therefore, from the perspective of persistence of this native wildflower, herbicide use can be beneficial or detrimental, depending on how often a site is sprayed and how long the herbicide persists in the soil. In this system, spraying intervals of more than 10 years may be beneficial, but intervals of less than 5 years will be detrimental. In general, our results emphasize the importance of finding ways to combine herbicide use with other weed control techniques to maximize return intervals and minimize non-target impacts. Synthesis and applications. Herbicide use in natural areas differs fundamentally from herbicide use in agricultural areas, because the non-target species are not directly under management control. Herbicides inevitably will impact non-target species due to limitations in selectivity. Herbicide persistence and reapplication intervals are key factors determining the demographic impacts of herbicides on native plants. Understanding how persistence and reapplication timing interact with native plant demography allows us to develop management prescriptions that minimize non-target effects in natural areas. To date, this interface of ecology and management has received little attention from practitioners or researchers. C1 [Crone, Elizabeth E.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Marler, Marilyn; Pearson, Dean E.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Pearson, Dean E.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Crone, EE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM elizabeth.crone@umontana.edu RI Crone, Elizabeth/C-3935-2009 FU City of Missoula [NSF 02-36427, DEB 02-40963] FX Setup of the initial experiment was contributed by the City of Missoula, and monitoring was partly funded by NSF 02-36427 and DEB 02-40963 to E. E. Crone. We are grateful to numerous assistants who helped monitor plots including B. Christiaens, K. Crider, M. Ellis, J. Gremer, L. Polansky, R. Selbe, M. Valliant, A. Van Eck, and R. Yurkewiscz. P. Lesica and J. Maron provided comments on this manuscript and discussion throughout this project. NR 48 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 673 EP 682 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01635.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 439GE UT WOS:000265614800022 ER PT J AU Karut, K Naranjo, SE AF Karut, K. Naranjo, S. E. TI Mortality factors affecting Bemisia tabaci populations on cotton in Turkey SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; key-factor; life-table; marginal mortality; parasitism; predation ID LIFE-TABLE ANALYSIS; KEY FACTORS; NATURAL ENEMIES; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; PARASITOIDS; DYNAMICS; CUKUROVA; ARGENTIFOLII; GENNADIUS AB Cohort-based, partial life tables were constructed to determine the sources and rates of mortality factors affecting Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on cotton in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey over a two year period. Mortality factors were recorded as due to predation, parasitism, dislodgement and unknown for five developmental stages. Across 10 independent cohorts, the highest median rate of marginal mortality pooled over all stages was attributed to parasitism (0.69) followed by predation (0.67). The key factor was hypothesized to be parasitism based on graphical and regression-based comparison of individual factor k-values to total generational mortality. The greatest amount of marginal immature mortality occurred during the fourth nymphal stadium (median = 0.77) and mortality during this stage was also most predictive of variation in total mortality. Pooled over all developmental stages, the highest rates of irreplaceable mortality were associated with parasitism (median: 0.112), followed by predation (0.088), dislodgement (0.020) and unknown (0.017). Although crawler mortality was not explicitly measured, sensitivity analyses indicated that mortality during this stage would have changed total mortality by only 0.45-1.21% and had no effect on identification of key factors. There was no significant effect of cotton cultivar on any mortality factor or total mortality over the two years of study. Results suggest that conservation of natural enemies, particularly parasitoids, may provide for more sustainable management of B. tabaci on cotton in Turkey. C1 [Karut, K.] Cukurova Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, Adana, Turkey. [Naranjo, S. E.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Karut, K (reprint author), Cukurova Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, Adana, Turkey. EM karuti@cu.edu.tr FU TUBITAK [TOGTAG-3037] FX This work was funded by project TOGTAG-3037 from the TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey). We thank Dan Gerling (Tel Aviv University), T-X Liu (Texas A&M University) and Cengiz Kazak (Cukurova University) for helpful comments on earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 EI 1439-0418 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 133 IS 5 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01369.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 445CQ UT WOS:000266027700005 ER PT J AU Kroupitski, Y Pinto, R Brandl, MT Belausov, E Sela, S AF Kroupitski, Y. Pinto, R. Brandl, M. T. Belausov, E. Sela, S. TI Interactions of Salmonella enterica with lettuce leaves SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid; biofilm; chlorine; disinfection; fresh-cut; leaf; persistence; produce; Romaine lettuce; Salmonella; stress; survival ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BIOFILM FORMATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SEROVAR THOMPSON; ALFALFA SPROUTS; TYPHIMURIUM; ATTACHMENT; SURFACES; SURVIVAL; PRODUCE AB Aims: To investigate the interactions of Salmonella enterica with abiotic and plant surfaces and their effect on the tolerance of the pathogen to various stressors. Methods and Results: Salmonella strains were tested for their ability to form biofilm in various growth media using a polystyrene plate model. Strong biofilm producers were found to attach better to intact Romaine lettuce leaf tissue compared to weak producers. Confocal microscopy and viable count studies revealed preferential attachment of Salmonella to cut-regions of the leaf after 2 h at 25 degrees C, but not for 18 h at 4 degrees C. Storage of intact lettuce pieces contaminated with Salmonella for 9 days at 4 degrees C resulted only in small changes in population size. Exposure of lettuce-associated Salmonella cells to acidic conditions (pH 3.0) revealed increased tolerance of the attached vs planktonic bacteria. Conclusions: Biofilm formation on polystyrene may provide a suitable model to predict the initial interaction of Salmonella with cut Romaine lettuce leaves. Association of the pathogen with lettuce leaves facilitates its persistence during storage and enhances its acid tolerance. Significance and Impact of the Study: Understanding the interactions between foodborne pathogens and lettuce might be useful in developing new approaches to prevent fresh produce-associated outbreaks. C1 [Kroupitski, Y.; Pinto, R.; Sela, S.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr,Inst Technol & Storage Fresh Produce, Dept Food Sci, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Kroupitski, Y.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Dept Human Microbiol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Brandl, M. T.] USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. [Belausov, E.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Confocal Microscopy Unit, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Sela, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr,Inst Technol & Storage Fresh Produce, Dept Food Sci, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM shlomos@volcani.agri.gov.il FU BARD [US-3949-06] FX We thank Herbert P. Schweizer (Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO) for his gift of pUC18T-mini-Tn7T-Gm-ecfpb and I. Ofek for encouragement and discussions. This work was supported in part by a BARD grant (US-3949-06) awarded to M.T.B. and S.S. NR 35 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 106 IS 6 BP 1876 EP 1885 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04152.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 443DN UT WOS:000265890500011 PM 19239550 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Dozier, WA Loar, RE Kidd, MT Tillman, PB AF Corzo, A. Dozier, W. A., III Loar, R. E., II Kidd, M. T. Tillman, P. B. TI Assessing the threonine-to-lysine ratio of female broilers from 14 to 28 days of age SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; lysine; threonine ID AMINO-ACID PROFILE; CHICKENS; GROWTH; NEEDS AB Diets for straight-run broiler flocks are often formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of male broilers, assuming this will cover the nutrient needs of the females. Delineating the nutrient needs of female broilers may allow for a more precise formulation and may lead to a reduction in associated feed cost, particularly when feeding sexes separately. A study was designed to simultaneously evaluate the dietary needs of Lys and Thr of a high-yielding female broiler from 14 to 28 d of age. Dose-response diets were accomplished via the diet-dilution technique, and were formulated to provide a range from 0.84 to 1.24% and 0.46% to 0.86% standardized digestible Lys and Thr, respectively. Requirement estimates ranged from 1.06 to 1.11% for standardized digestible Lys, depending on the parameter and the statistical method used, whereas Thr requirement estimates ranged between 0.73 and 0.79%. In addition to the aforementioned requirement estimates, Thr-to-Lys ratios of 69 for BW gain and 70 for FCR were calculated. C1 [Corzo, A.; Loar, R. E., II; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Tillman, P. B.] Ajinomoto Heartland LLC, Chicago, IL 60631 USA. RP Corzo, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM acorzo@poultry.msstate.edu NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00107 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 461KF UT WOS:000267265000013 ER PT J AU Hannah, JF Fletcher, DL Cox, NA Smith, DP Cason, JA Northcutt, JK Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ AF Hannah, J. F. Fletcher, D. L. Cox, N. A. Smith, D. P. Cason, J. A. Northcutt, J. K. Richardson, L. J. Buhr, R. J. TI Impact of added sand on the recovery of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and coliforms from prechill and postchill commercial broiler carcass halves SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Campylobacter; Escherichia coli; sand; half-carcass rinse ID POULTRY CARCASSES; SAMPLING METHODS; BACTERIA; IMMERSION; CONTAMINATION; NUMBERS; WATER; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; CHICKENS; COUNTS AB Salmonella and Campylobacter are often associated with raw poultry products and continue to be leading causes of food-borne gastroenteritis in the United States. As a result, the presence of these organisms on broiler carcasses is monitored on a routine basis. Abrasive rinsing methods (e.g., adding glass beads) have been shown to increase the level of bacteria recovered from carcasses or carcass parts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of sand to the rinse on bacterial enumeration and the prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter recovered from broiler carcasses. During each of 4 replications, 6 prechill and 6 postchill broiler carcasses were collected from a commercial processing plant. All carcasses were split along the dorso-ventral midline. Carcass halves were rinsed in buffered peptone water, whereas the companion half was rinsed in buffered peptone water with sterile sand added. All carcass halves were rinsed for 1 min and the rinsate was collected. Salmonella, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were enumerated and the prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter was determined. Salmonella and Campylobacter were isolated from 17 and 50% of the carcass halves, respectively. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in Salmonella or Campylobacter prevalence from carcass halves rinsed with or without sand. The addition of sand to the rinse had no effect on the number of Salmonella, coliforms, or E. coli recovered from prechill or postchill carcass halves. These results show that adding sand to the rinse liquid did not improve the recovery of bacteria present on the carcass in either moderate (2.6 log(10) cfu/mL rinsate) or low numbers (<3 cfu/mL of rinsate). C1 [Cox, N. A.; Richardson, L. J.; Buhr, R. J.] ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Smith, D. P.] ARS, Qual & Safety Assessment Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Cason, J. A.; Northcutt, J. K.] ARS, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Hannah, J. F.; Fletcher, D. L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Buhr, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM Jeff.Buhr@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 252 EP 258 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00087 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 461KF UT WOS:000267265000015 ER PT J AU Gurtler, JB AF Gurtler, J. B. TI Evaluation of plating media for recovering Salmonella from thermally treated egg albumen SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE egg albumen; Salmonella; medium; pasteurization; recovery ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MINIMAL MEDIUM RECOVERY; INJURED SALMONELLA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; ACCELERATED DEATH; TYPHIMURIUM DT104; SHELL EGGS AB Salmonella spp. present in pasteurized egg albumen are often difficult to recover by direct plating because of thermal injury and the presence of innate iron binding and other antimicrobials in egg white. The literature has reported a multiplicity of selective and nonselective media used to recover heat-injured Salmonella, to measure the proportion of injured cells, or both. This study compared the proficiency of selective and nonselective plating media for supporting colony development or for assessing bacterial injury of heat-stressed Salmonella from egg albumen. A 6-strain composite of Salmonella was added to albumen (pH 9.0), heated at 53.3 degrees C for 3.1 min, and plated on 26 nonselective and 22 selective media. Recovery of heat-injured salmonellae varied little (<= 0.52 log cfu/mL) among the nonselective media tryptic soy agar, plate count agar, dextrose tryptone agar, or brain heart infusion agar, regardless of the manufacturer. Selective media that were optimal for recovery of salmonellae from albumen included 3 brilliant green agars, Levine eosin methylene blue agar, and bismuth sulfite agar, which recovered more cells (P <= 0.05) than selenite-cystine, tetrathionate, xylose-lysine-tergitol-4, xylose lysine deoxycholate, or Rappaport-Vassiliadis agars. The results of this study may assist in choosing selective or nonselective media to maximize the recovery of Salmonella from thermally treated albumen. C1 ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gurtler, JB (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM joshua.gurtler@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00109 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 461KF UT WOS:000267265000021 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Behnke, K Twining, P Branton, SL AF Dozier, W. A., III Behnke, K. Twining, P. Branton, S. L. TI Effects of the addition of roller mill ground corn to pelleted feed during a fifty-six-day production period on growth performance and processing yields of broiler chickens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; corn; feed manufacturing; grinding; particle size ID RESPONSES AB Poor pelleting production rates can raise the milling cost and increase the frequency of feed outages for broiler integrated operations. The number of broilers marketed to heavy BW has been increasing, and meeting feed delivery schedules can be problematic with "big bird" complexes. Adding rolled corn post pellet is a management strategy to increase feed production rate while concurrently decreasing energy use of the grinding and pelleting processes. This study evaluated the addition of screened rolled corn to pelleted feed on live performance and meat yield of broiler chickens during a 56-d grow-out. Four dietary treatments were provided: A) a control, no added corn post pellet from 18 to 56 d of age; B) addition of 25% of the formulated corn post pellet from 18 to 56 d of age; C) addition of 10, 20, and 30% of the formulated corn post pellet from 18 to 35, 36 to 46, and 47 to 56 d of age, respectively; and D) addition of 20, 30, and 40% of the formulated corn post pellet from 18 to 35, 36 to 46, and 47 to 56 d of age, respectively. Final BW, cumulative feed conversion, 38-d BW uniformity, and 57-d breast meat weight and yield were similar among the dietary treatments. These results indicate screened rolled corn can be added post pellet without adversely affecting broiler performance and meat yield. C1 [Dozier, W. A., III; Branton, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Behnke, K.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Twining, P.] Paul Twining Associates Inc, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, 201 Poultry Sci Bldg,260 Lem Morrison Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bill.dozier@auburn.edu NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 310 EP 317 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00139 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 461KF UT WOS:000267265000022 ER PT J AU Reynnells, R AF Reynnells, R. TI Washington update SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article CT 97th Annual Meeting of the Poultry-Science-Association CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE animal welfare and behavior; multistate research committee; support personnel award; meetings; workshop history AB Jesse and Doris Lyons are the recipients of the 2008 Poultry Extension Special Recognition Award for their exceptional contributions to state, regional, and national extension programs. The National Poultry Extension Workshop continues to be possible only through the dedicated efforts of volunteers. In a welcome break from tradition, the workshop was moved from Sunday to Monday morning, which reduced personal conflicts related to Saturday travel and early Sunday meetings. The Future Trends in Animal Agriculture 2008 Symposium was "Complementary Relationships in Animal Agriculture." The 2009 Quadrennial Poultry Extension Workshop will be held in Raleigh, North Carolina. The National Poultry Waste Management Symposium coordinator for 2008 is Casey Ritz, University of Georgia. The USDA grants, deadlines, and procedures can be found on the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Internet site (http://www.csrees.usda.gov). The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, Plant and Animal Systems has yearly internal reviews of its various portfolios that summarize the accomplishments and impacts of system personnel. Program accountability requires documentation by everyone. Now and in the future, cooperation, networking, teamwork, and participation in multistate research committees are essential to our ability to make meaningful contributions to the poultry system. Several universities now provide animal welfare education programs, including participation in assessment competitions and distance education. The Animal Welfare Assessment Contest will be coordinated by Michigan State University for the next few years. Tyson Foods sponsors the Poultry Science Association Support Personnel Award, and Felicity Dennis of the University of Alberta was the 2008 recipient. C1 CSREES, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Reynnells, R (reprint author), CSREES, USDA, 800 9th St,SW,Room 3140 Waterfront Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rreynnells@csrees.usda.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00121 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 461KF UT WOS:000267265000030 ER PT J AU Straus, DL Mitchell, AJ Carter, RR Steeby, JA AF Straus, David. L. Mitchell, Andrew J. Carter, Ray R. Steeby, James A. TI Optimizing Copper Sulfate Treatments for Fungus Control on Channel Catfish Eggs SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB This range-finding study determined the optimum concentration of copper sulfate (CuSO(4)) for fungus control on eggs of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The study consisted of five CuSO(4) concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L) and an untreated control in a flow-through system. A single spawn was used for each replication (N = 4). Eggs were treated daily until the embryos reached the eyed stage. When hatching was complete for all viable eggs, fry were counted to determine the percent survival in each treatment. Fungal growth was severe in the untreated controls; survival of hatched fry in the control group was approximately 2%. The Optimum CuSO(4) treatment, as determined by percent survival of hatched fry, was 10 mg/L daily (69% survival); survival for this treatment group was significantly different from that for the controls. Very little fungus was present in treatments receiving 10-mg/L CuSO(4) or higher except in one replication that had approximately 40% unfertilized eggs. ne average survival rates in the 0-, 2.5-, 5-, 10-, 20-, and 40-mg/L CuSO(4) treatments were 2, 34, 50, 69, 59, and 51%, respectively. C1 [Straus, David. L.; Mitchell, Andrew J.; Carter, Ray R.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Steeby, James A.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Belzoni, MS 39038 USA. RP Straus, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dave.straus@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1577/H07-057.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 522UU UT WOS:000272025300003 PM 19873830 ER PT J AU Small, BC AF Small, Brian C. TI Evaluation of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate as a Potential Catfish Egg Disinfectant SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE TREATMENT; EFFICACY; PERCARBONATE AB Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (SCP) in improving the hatching success of channel catfish Ictalurus Punctatus when used as a prophylactic chemotherapeutant during egg incubation. In the first experiment, the efficacy of SCP was evaluated in 379-L aluminum incubation troughs similar to those used in commercial hatcheries. Egg masses treated daily with 254 mg of SCP/L of water had significantly higher mean hatching success than untreated controls, and a pathogen-inhibiting effect was also evident (i.e., no gross infection was observed on the treated egg masses). In the second experiment, the hatching success of egg masses treated daily with 254 mg/L was compared with that of egg masses treated daily with hydrogen peroxide (70 mg/L). The effects of both treatments on the pH, dissolved oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the trough were also examined. Both SCP and hydrogen peroxide significantly improved hatching success. Unlike in the treatment with hydrogen peroxide, water pH increased during the treatment with SCP; however, no negative effects on hatching success were observed. The results of this research suggest that SCP acts similarly to hydrogen peroxide in improving channel catfish hatching success and warrants further research to determine whether it could be a practical and effective alternative for managing catfish egg infections in commercial hatcheries. C1 ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM brian.small@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1577/H08-058.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 522UU UT WOS:000272025300006 PM 19873833 ER PT J AU Haubensak, K D'Antonio, C Wixon, D AF Haubensak, K. D'Antonio, C. Wixon, D. TI Effects of fire and environmental variables on plant structure and composition in grazed salt desert shrublands of the Great Basin (USA) SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Cheatgrass; Fire; Grass/fire cycle; Great Basin; Invasion; Non-native grasses; Post-fire recovery; Shrub recruitment ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; BROMUS-TECTORUM-L; SEED BANKS; DYNAMICS; WILDFIRE; GERMINATION; CHEATGRASS; VEGETATION; SAGEBRUSH; RECOVERY AB Fire in shrub-dominated portions of the Great Basin. largely fueled by non-native annuals such as Bromus tectorum, has become an important structuring force altering vegetation composition and soil characteristics. The extent to which fire affects native species in drier portions of the Great Basin, termed salt desert, is poorly documented. We conducted a survey of grazed salt desert habitat in northwestern Nevada 5 years after wildfires burned 650,000 ha, with the goal of investigating community response to fire and factors correlating with post-fire recovery. We found that recruitment of a dominant shrub, Artemisia spinescens, is severely restricted following fire: it occurred in only 2 of the 24 burned sites. The co-dominant shrub, Atriplex confertifolia, occurred in most burned sites although on average its percent cover was one-third lower than adjacent unburned sites. Biotic soil crust cover was four times lower, and non-native species cover 5 times higher, in burned sites compared to unburned. Ordination analyses confirmed differences among plant communities in burned versus unburned sites, with environmental variables soil conductivity, plant litter, soil potassium (K+) and pH explaining 38% of the variance in community composition. However, we found no environmental predictors of recovery for native species in burned sites. Future recruitment is likely to be further limited, as fire frequency in the salt desert is expected to increase with invasion by non-native annual grasses and with global climate change. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haubensak, K.; D'Antonio, C.; Wixon, D.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Haubensak, K (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM karen.haubensak@nau.edu; dantonio@es.ucsb.edu; wixonkeller@wisc.edu NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUN-JUL PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6-7 BP 643 EP 650 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.12.020 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448YW UT WOS:000266298900008 ER PT J AU Wilson, JS Messinger, OJ Griswold, T AF Wilson, J. S. Messinger, O. J. Griswold, T. TI Variation between bee communities on a sand dune complex in the Great Basin Desert, North America: Implications for sand dune conservation SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Apiformes; Beta diversity; Bray-Curtis similarity; Community composition; Hymenoptera; Utah ID OFF-ROAD VEHICLES; LANDSCAPE; HYMENOPTERA; PLANT; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; RESOURCES; DIVERSITY; IMPACTS; APOIDEA AB Sand dunes across the Mojave and Great Basin Deserts house rich bee communities. The pollination services these bees provide can be vital in maintaining the diverse, and often endemic, dune flora. These dune environments, however, are threatened by intense off-highway vehicle (OHV) use. Conservation efforts adopted by land managers often consist of setting aside a portion of a dune system that is off-limits to OHV use, but little work has been done showing the extent to which this protects native bee communities. A two-year study of bee communities on a Great Basin sand dune complex in Dugway Proving Ground located in northwestern Utah revealed low similarity index values between closely situated collecting plots (1-40 km apart). Similarity values ranged from 0.13 to 0.70 for species composition, and from 0.07 to 0.57 when similarity was weighted by abundance. Distance between plots had no significant relationship to similarity when richness and abundance were considered. Bee similarity between plots was significantly correlated with floral similarity. These results indicate that dune conservation strategies that preserve "representative" portions of dune systems may be insufficient to protect bees and the pollination services they provide. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilson, J. S.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Messinger, O. J.; Griswold, T.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wilson, JS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jwilson@biology.usu.edu FU Department of Defense and Dugway Proving Ground FX We thank R.A. Nelson, C. Davidson, H. Ikerd, C. Boyer, E. Jarrel, J. Pitts, and L Wilson for field assistance, S. Plunkett for direction, logistical support, and the opportunity, and D. Tanner, V. Tepedino, R. Winfree, and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions which greatly improved this manuscript. Finally, we thank the Department of Defense and Dugway Proving Ground for the funding to conduct this study. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUN-JUL PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6-7 BP 666 EP 671 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.01.004 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448YW UT WOS:000266298900011 ER PT J AU Onwulate, CI Thomas, AE Cooke, PH AF Onwulate, C. I. Thomas, A. E. Cooke, P. H. TI Effects of Biomass in Polyethylene or Polylactic Acid Composites SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Polyethylene; Polylactic Acid; Dairy Bioplastic; Moisture Uptake ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTERS; POLYMERIC BLENDS; SOY PROTEIN; STARCH; PRODUCTS; PLASTICS; ENVIRONMENT; BIOPLASTICS AB There is need for bioplastics to replace some of the total petroleum plastics used in the world, and help alleviate environmental pollution. Compounding bioplastics with Polyethylene (PE) or Polylactic acid (PLA) containing a dairy-based bioplastic resulted in composites with good mechanical properties. In this study, mass ratios of a dairy-protein-based material (DBP) ranging from 0, 5, 10 and 20 wt% replaced equivalent masses of PE or PLA in the blends used for injection-molding of ASTM D4065 composite specimens. The PE/DBP composites were moldable up to 20 wt%, but PLA/DBP composites were moldable only up to 10 wt%. PE/DBP and PLA/DBP composites placed in 75% relative humidity chambers absorbed less than 1% moisture after 500 h. Peak melt for PE/DBP composites increased by 2.8 degrees C at 5 wt% DBP and by 4.2 degrees C at 20 wt% DBP; melt enthalpy decreased by 8.1 J/kg at 20 wt% DBP. Peak melt for PLA/DBP composites increased by 3.7 degrees C at 5 wt% DBP and 2.0 degrees C at 10 wt% DBP; melt enthalpy did not change. Cold crystallization of PLA was at 184.9 degrees C, but with 5 wt% DBP at 104.3 degrees C, and 10 wt% DBP at 99.1 degrees C. Storage modulus of PE/DBP decreased by 44 MPa at 5 wt% DBP, and increased by 117 MPa at 20 wt% DBP. Storage modulus of PLA/DBP increased by 210 MPa at 5 wt% DBP but decreased by 190 MPa at 10 wt%. DBP Adding DBP to PE increased elongation at peak, tensile modulus and impact resistance and flexural modulus at 20 wt%, but decreased peak load at break, flexural modulus between 5 to 10 wt%, and impact resistance at 20 wt%. Impact failure was partial for PE/DBR Adding DBP to PLA increased stiffness at 5 wt%, but caused complete failure at 10 wt%. The effect of DBP on PE or PLA depended on the quantity added; PE composite properties were generally less negatively affected. C1 [Onwulate, C. I.; Thomas, A. E.; Cooke, P. H.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulate, CI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Charles.Onwulata@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2009.1015 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 481GH UT WOS:000268795000008 ER PT J AU Sujatha, K Mahalakshmi, A Solaiman, DKY Shenbagarathai, R AF Sujatha, Kabilan Mahalakshmi, Ayyasamy Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. Shenbagarathai, Rajaiah TI Sequence Analysis, Structure Prediction, and Functional Validation of phaC1/phaC2 Genes of Pseudomonas sp LDC-25 and Its Importance in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Accumulation SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE alpha/beta hydrolase fold; FT-IR; Biopolyester; Lipase box; PHA synthase; Threading ID BIOSYNTHESIS GENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RALSTONIA-EUTROPHA; PHA SYNTHASE; PCR CLONING; PROTEIN; POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE); SPECTROSCOPY; ALGORITHMS; BACTERIA AB Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are attractive biomaterials in both conventional medical devices and tissue engineering. PHA synthase is responsible for catalyzing the formation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), but its structural information is limited. Hence, this study focuses to predict 3D model for phaC1 and phaC2 genes of field-soil strain Pseudomonas sp. LDC-25 and to validate the functional properties through in vitro Studies. The phaC1/ phaC2 genes were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The sequence analysis showed > 90% homology to phaC loci and presence of alpha/beta hydrolase fold, but phaC2 loci of LDC-25 exhibits variation in the conserved residue (Ser is replaced by Ala). Threading approach demonstrated that Carboxylesterase (d1tqha) call be used LIS the modeling template. The predicted models showed the presence of conserved residues at 122 (G), 205 (S), and 236 (S). In vitro studies also Supported that PHA accumulation ability was less in Pseudomonas sp. LDC-25 compared to other field isolate, Pseudomonas sp. LDC-5. FT-IR spectrum showed PHA specific peaks at 1735.62 cm(-1). Results of this study would help to detect the functional domains of the protein in order to elucidate their structure/function characteristics with special emphasis oil invariant conserved residues. C1 [Sujatha, Kabilan; Mahalakshmi, Ayyasamy; Shenbagarathai, Rajaiah] Lady Doak Coll, PG Dept Zool & Biotechnol, Madurai 625002, Tamil Nadu, India. [Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM shenbagarathai@rediffmail.com FU Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi [SR/WOS-A/LS-137/2004] FX This work was performed with funding from the Department of Science and Technology (DST-WOS-A: No.SR/WOS-A/LS-137/2004), New Delhi. The authors are thankful to DBT-BIF for in silico analysis. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 6 BP 771 EP 779 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 448ZO UT WOS:000266300700010 PM 19385705 ER PT J AU Sahni, S Hannan, MT Blumberg, J Cupples, LA Kiel, DP Tucker, KL AF Sahni, Shivani Hannan, Marian T. Blumberg, Jeffrey Cupples, L. Adrienne Kiel, Douglas P. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Protective Effect of Total Carotenoid and Lycopene Intake on the Risk of Hip Fracture: A 17-Year Follow-Up From the Framingham Osteoporosis Study SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nutrition; aging; bone; osteoporosis; population studies ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; DECREASES OXIDATIVE STRESS; RATS IN-VIVO; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BETA-CRYPTOXANTHIN; ELDERLY-MEN; FEMORAL TISSUES; FREE-RADICALS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; VITAMIN-D AB In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that carotenoids may inhibit bone resorption, yet no previous study has examined individual carotenoid intake (other than beta-carotene) and the risk of fracture. We evaluated associations of total and individual carotenoid intake (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin) with incident hip fracture and nonvertebral osteoporotic fracture. Three hundred seventy men and 576 women (mean age, 75 5 yr) from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 1988-1989 and were followed for hip fracture until 2005 and nonvertebral fracture until 2003. Tertiles of carotenoid intake were created from estimates obtained using the Willett FFQ adjusting for total energy (residual method). HRs were estimated using Cox-proportional hazards regression, adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, height, total energy, calcium and vitamin D intake, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, multivitamin use, and current estrogen use. A total of 100 hip fractures occurred over 17 yr of follow-up. Subjects in the highest tertile of total carotenoid intake had lower risk of hip fracture (p = 0.02). Subjects with higher lycopene intake had lower risk of hip fracture (P = 0.01.) and nonvertebral fracture (p = 0.02). A weak protective trend was observed for total beta-carotene for hip fracture alone, but associations did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.10). No significant associations were observed with alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, or lutein + zeaxanthin. These results suggest a protective role of several carotenoids for bone health in older adults. J Bone Miner Res 2009;24:1086-1094. Published online on January 5, 2009; doi: 10.1359/JBMR.090102 C1 [Sahni, Shivani; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Sahni, Shivani; Blumberg, Jeffrey; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, FSNSP, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hannan, Marian T.; Kiel, Douglas P.] Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. [Hannan, Marian T.; Kiel, Douglas P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Hannan, Marian/0000-0002-9586-6928; Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310; Sahni, Shivani/0000-0002-9827-0986; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU USDA-ARS Agreement [58-1950-7-707]; Framingham Osteoporosis [R01 AR/AG 41398]; Framingham Contract [N01-HC-25195] FX This study was supported by USDA-ARS Agreement 58-1950-7-707; Framingham Osteoporosis Grant R01 AR/AG 41398, and Framingham Contract Grant N01-HC-25195. NR 67 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1086 EP 1094 DI 10.1359/JBMR.090102 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 449VJ UT WOS:000266358100013 PM 19138129 ER PT J AU Cook, D Gardner, DR Pfister, JA Welch, KD Green, BT Lee, ST AF Cook, Daniel Gardner, Dale R. Pfister, James A. Welch, Kevin D. Green, Benedict T. Lee, Stephen T. TI The Biogeographical Distribution of Duncecap Larkspur (Delphinium occidentale) Chemotypes and Their Potential Toxicity SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Larkspur; MSAL-type alkaloids; Norditerpene; Delphinium occidentale; Methyllycaconitine ID TALL LARKSPUR; NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; BARBEYI; PLANTS; SPP. AB Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are poisonous plants found on rangelands in western North America. Larkspur's toxicity has been attributed to the norditerpenoid alkaloids, which are divided into two main structural groups: the highly toxic (N-methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine type (MSAL type) and the less toxic 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine type (MDL type). Plants high in the MSAL-type alkaloids are thought to be the most toxic to cattle, and the concentrations of these alkaloids have been used as a predictor of plant toxicity. Duncecap larkspur, Delphinium occidentale, occurs throughout much of the Intermountain West and Northwestern United States. Specimens from field collections and herbaria deposits were evaluated taxonomically and chemically. Two distinct alkaloid profiles were identified: one that contains the MSAL-type alkaloids and one that contains little, if any, MSAL-type alkaloids. Thus, plants with these two alkaloid profiles should differ in their toxic potential. Each profile was unique in its geographical distribution. These findings have important implications in grazing management decisions on D. occidentale-infested rangelands, and they demonstrate that botanical classification alone is not a good indicator to determine the toxic risk of D. occidentale. C1 [Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.; Pfister, James A.; Welch, Kevin D.; Green, Benedict T.; Lee, Stephen T.] Agr Res Serv, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Cook, D (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 E 1400N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM daniel.cook@ars.usda.gov FU Susan Durham FX We thank Jessie Roper, Clint Stonecipher, Scott Larsen, Kendra Dewey, and Katie Lott for technical assistance. We appreciate the herbarium at the University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Wyoming, University of Colorado, Brigham Young University, and Utah State University for providing specimens that were sampled for chemical analysis. We thank Susan Durham for statistical support. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 35 IS 6 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9637-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 466NY UT WOS:000267670100003 PM 19459011 ER PT J AU Sattler, FR Castaneda-Sceppa, C Binder, EF Schroeder, ET Wang, Y Bhasin, S Kawakubo, M Stewart, Y Yarasheski, KE Ulloor, J Colletti, P Roubenoff, R Azen, SP AF Sattler, Fred R. Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Binder, Ellen F. Schroeder, E. Todd Wang, Ying Bhasin, Shalender Kawakubo, Miwa Stewart, Yolanda Yarasheski, Kevin E. Ulloor, Jagadish Colletti, Patrick Roubenoff, Ronenn Azen, Stanley P. TI Testosterone and Growth Hormone Improve Body Composition and Muscle Performance in Older Men SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; GH-DEFICIENT ADULTS; HEALTHY AGED WOMEN; FACTOR-I LEVELS; ELDERLY-MEN; HYPOGONADAL MEN; BIOAVAILABLE TESTOSTERONE; TRANSDERMAL TESTOSTERONE; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AB Context: Impairments in the pituitary-gonadal axis with aging are associated with loss of muscle mass and function and accumulation of upper body fat. Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that physiological supplementation with testosterone and GH together improves body composition and muscle performance in older men. Design, Setting, and Participants: One hundred twenty-two community-dwelling men 70.8 +/- 4.2 yr of age with body mass index of 27.4 +/- 3.4 kg/m(2), testosterone of 550 ng/dl or less, and IGF-I in lower adult tertile (<= 167 ng/dl) were randomized to receive transdermal testosterone (5 or 10 g/d) during a Leydig cell clamp plus GH (0, 3, or 5 mu g/kg . d) for 16 wk. Main Outcome Measures: Body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, muscle performance, and safety tests were conducted. Results: Total lean body mass increased (1.0 +/- 1.7 to 3.0 +/- 2.2 kg) as did appendicular lean tissue (0.4 +/- 1.4 to 1.5 +/- 1.3 kg), whereas total fat mass decreased by 0.4 +/- 0.9 to 2.3 +/- 1.7 kg as did trunk fat (0.5 +/- 0.9 to 1.5 +/- 1.0 kg) across the six treatment groups and by dose levels for each parameter (P <= 0.0004 for linear trend). Composite maximum voluntary strength of upper and lower body muscles increased by 14 +/- 34 to 35 +/- 31% (P < 0.003 in the three highest dose groups) that correlated with changes in appendicular lean mass. Aerobic endurance increased in all six groups (average 96 +/- 137sec longer). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased similarly in each group with mean increases of 12 +/- 14 and 8 +/- 8 mm Hg, respectively. Other predictable adverse events were modest and reversible. Conclusions: Supplemental testosterone produced significant gains in total and appendicular lean mass, muscle strength, and aerobic endurance with significant reductions in whole-body and trunk fat. Outcomes appeared to be further enhanced with GH supplementation. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 1991-2001, 2009) C1 [Sattler, Fred R.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Wang, Ying; Kawakubo, Miwa; Azen, Stanley P.] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Colletti, Patrick] Univ So Calif, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Sattler, Fred R.; Schroeder, E. Todd] Univ So Calif, Div Biokinesiol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen; Roubenoff, Ronenn] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Binder, Ellen F.; Yarasheski, Kevin E.] Washington Univ, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Bhasin, Shalender; Ulloor, Jagadish] Boston Univ, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Sattler, FR (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Med, 1200 N State St,Room 6442, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM fsattler@usc.edu RI Yarasheski, Kevin/A-3025-2008; OI Yarasheski, Kevin/0000-0001-5436-2451 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 AG18169]; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) [M0I RR000043]; University of Southern California; the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ARS Cooperative Agreement [58-1950-9-001]; NCRR GCRC [M01RR000054]; USDA; NCRR GCRC at Washington University School of Medicine [M01RR000036]; Mass Spectrometry Research Resource at Washington University; NIH [RR000954, DK020579, DK056341, U01AG14369, 1R01DK70534]; Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine; Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc.; Genentech Inc.; Tap Pharmaceutical Products Inc. FX The work for this trial was supported in part from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant R01 AG18169 and local National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) Grant M0I RR000043 at the University of Southern California; the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-1950-9-001; the NCRR GCRC Grant M01RR000054 at Tufts University, where any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA; the NCRR GCRC at Washington University School of Medicine (Grant M01RR000036); the Mass Spectrometry Research Resource at Washington University (NIH Grants RR000954, DK020579, and DK056341); and NIH Grants U01AG14369 and 1R01DK70534 at Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine. Study therapies were provided by Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc., Genentech Inc., and Tap Pharmaceutical Products Inc.; industry sponsors provided no monetary support. NR 64 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1991 EP 2001 DI 10.1210/jc.2008-2338 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 453CM UT WOS:000266587800024 PM 19293261 ER PT J AU Kaylegian, KE Lynch, JM Fleming, JR Barbano, DM AF Kaylegian, K. E. Lynch, J. M. Fleming, J. R. Barbano, D. M. TI Influence of fatty acid chain length and unsaturation on mid-infrared milk analysis SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE infrared; fatty acid composition; interference filter ID INFRARED-ANALYSIS; ANALYZERS; ACCURACY; PROTEIN; LACTOSE; SPECTROMETRY; CALIBRATION; PROTEOLYSIS; LIPOLYSIS; SAMPLES AB Our first objective was to optimize center wavelengths and bandwidths for virtual filters used in a Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR) milk analyzer. Optimization was accomplished by adjusting center wavelengths and bandwidths to minimize the size of intercorrection factors. Once optimized, the virtual filters were defined as follows: fat B sample, 3.508 mu m ( 2,851 cm(-1)), and bandwidth of 0.032 mu m (26 cm(-1)); fat B reference, 3.556 mu m (2812 cm(-1)), and bandwidth of 0.030 mu m (24 cm(-1)); lactose sample, 9.542 mu m (1,048 cm(-1)), and bandwidth of 0.092 mu m (20 cm(-1)); lactose reference, 7.734 mu m (1,293 cm(-1)), and bandwidth of 0.084 mu m (14 cm(-1)); protein sample, 6.489 mu m (1,541 cm(-1)), and bandwidth of 0.085 mu m (20 cm(-1)); protein reference, 6.707 mu m (1491 cm(-1)), and bandwidth of 0.054 mu m (12 cm(-1)); fat A sample, 5.721 mu m (1,748 cm(-1)), and bandwidth of 0.052 mu m (16 cm(-1)); fat A reference, 5.583 mu m (1,791 cm(-1)), and bandwidth of 0.050 mu m (16 cm(-1)). The bandwidth and its proximity to areas of intense water absorption had the largest effect on the intercorrection factors. The second objective was to quantify the impact of fatty acid chain length and unsaturation on fat B and fat A MIR measurements. Increasing the chain length increased the difference (i.e., MIR minus reference) between MIR prediction and reference chemistry by 0.0429% and by -0.0566% fat per unit of increase in carbon number per 1% change in fat, for fat B and fat A, respectively. Increasing the unsaturation decreased the difference (i.e., MIR minus reference) between MIR prediction of fat and chemistry for fat B by -0.4021% and increased fat A by 0.0291% fat per unit of increase in double bonds per 1% change in fat concentration. C1 [Kaylegian, K. E.; Lynch, J. M.; Barbano, D. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, NE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fleming, J. R.] Agr Mkt Serv, USDA, SW Milk Mkt Area, Carrollton, TX 75011 USA. RP Barbano, DM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, NE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dmb37@cornell.edu NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2485 EP 2501 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1910 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 449QD UT WOS:000266344200013 PM 19447980 ER PT J AU Kaylegian, KE Dwyer, DA Lynch, JM Bauman, DE Fleming, JR Barbano, DM AF Kaylegian, K. E. Dwyer, D. A. Lynch, J. M. Bauman, D. E. Fleming, J. R. Barbano, D. M. TI Impact of fatty acid composition on the accuracy of mid-infrared fat analysis of farm milks SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE infrared milk analysis; fatty acid composition ID INFRARED MILK; ANALYZERS; CALIBRATION; PROTEOLYSIS; STABILITY; LIPOLYSIS; PROTEIN; LACTOSE; SAMPLES AB Our objective was to determine whether data from a previous study using model milk emulsions to characterize the influence of variation in fatty acid chain length and unsaturation on mid-infrared (MIR) fat predictions could be used to identify a strategy to improve the accuracy of MIR fat predictions on a population of farm milks with a wide variation in fatty acid chain length and unsaturation. The mean fatty acid chain length for 45 farm milks was 14.417 carbons, and the mean unsaturation was 0.337 double bonds per fatty acid. The range of fatty acid chain lengths across the 45 farm milks was 1.23 carbons, and the range in unsaturation was 0.167 double bonds per fatty acid. Fat B (absorbance by the carbon-hydrogen stretch) MIR predictions increased and fat A MIR (absorbance by the ester carbonyl stretch) predictions decreased relative to reference chemistry with increasing fatty acid chain length. When the fat B MIR fat predictions were corrected for sample-to-sample variation in unsaturation, the positive correlation between fat B and fatty acid chain length increased from a coefficient of determination of 0.42 to 0.89. A 45: 55 ratio of fat B corrected for unsaturation and fat A gave a smaller standard deviation of the difference between MIR prediction and reference chemistry than any ratio of the fat B (without correction for unsaturation) and fat A or either fat B or fat A alone. This demonstrates the technical feasibility of this approach to improve MIR testing accuracy for fat, if a simple procedure could be developed to determine the unsaturation of fat in milk rapidly and to correct the fat B reading for the effect of unsaturation before being combined with fat A. C1 [Kaylegian, K. E.; Lynch, J. M.; Barbano, D. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, NE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dwyer, D. A.; Bauman, D. E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fleming, J. R.] Agr Mkt Serv, USDA, SW Milk Mkt Area, Carrollton, TX 75011 USA. RP Barbano, DM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, NE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dmb37@cornell.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2502 EP 2513 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1911 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 449QD UT WOS:000266344200014 PM 19447981 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Grohn, YT Pradhan, AK Whitlock, RH Van Kessel, JS Smith, JM Wolfgang, DR Schukken, YH AF Smith, R. L. Grohn, Y. T. Pradhan, A. K. Whitlock, R. H. Van Kessel, J. S. Smith, J. M. Wolfgang, D. R. Schukken, Y. H. TI A longitudinal study on the impact of Johne's disease status on milk production in individual cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Johne's disease; milk production ID AVIUM SUBSP-PARATUBERCULOSIS; COMMERCIAL DAIRY HERDS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; LACTATION CURVE; FECAL CULTURE; INFECTION; YIELD; ELISA; ASSOCIATION; SENSITIVITY AB Longitudinal data from 3 commercial dairy herds in the northeast United States were collected from 2004 to 2007. Johne's disease status, as indicated by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection levels, was determined through quarterly ELISA serum testing, biannual fecal culture, and culture of tissues at slaughter. Milk production data were collected from the Dairy Herd Improvement Association. The effect of Johne's disease status on milk production was analyzed using a mixed linear model with an autocorrelation random effect structure. Infected animals produced more milk than uninfected cows before they began shedding M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis. Cows infected with M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis had monthly decreases of 0.05 to 1 kg in daily milk production relative to uninfected animals, with greater decreases in progressive disease categories. Animals with fecal culture results of >30 cfu/g produced approximately 4 kg less milk per day compared with uninfected cows. These results will be valuable in calculating the economic effect of Johne's disease. C1 [Smith, R. L.; Grohn, Y. T.] Cornell Univ, Epidemiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Pradhan, A. K.; Schukken, Y. H.] Cornell Univ, Qual Milk Prod Serv, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Whitlock, R. H.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Van Kessel, J. S.] ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, J. M.] Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Wolfgang, D. R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Epidemiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM rls57@cornell.edu RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008; OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194; Smith, Rebecca/0000-0002-8343-794X FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (Washington, DC) [2008-35204-04627]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service [58-1265-3-155, 58-1265-3-156, 58-1265-3158, 58-1265-4-020]; Regional Dairy Quality Management Alliance; Johne's Disease Integrated Program [45105] FX The USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (Washington, DC) Award Number 2008-35204-04627 provided funding for this study, as did the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (Agreements. 58-1265-3-155, 58-1265-3-156, 58-1265-3158, and 58-1265-4-020) for the Regional Dairy Quality Management Alliance and the Johne's Disease Integrated Program (JDIP, USDA contract 45105). NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2653 EP 2661 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1832 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 449QD UT WOS:000266344200031 PM 19447998 ER PT J AU Broderick, GA Stevenson, MJ Patton, RA AF Broderick, G. A. Stevenson, M. J. Patton, R. A. TI Effect of dietary protein concentration and degradability on response to rumen-protected methionine in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rumen-protected methionine; dietary crude protein; milk yield; nitrogen efficiency ID MILK-PRODUCTION; CRUDE PROTEIN; AMINO-ACIDS; INTERNAL MARKERS; ALFALFA SILAGE; SOYBEAN-MEAL; NITROGEN; PERFORMANCE; CATTLE; ENERGY AB An incomplete 8 x 8 Latin square trial (4-wk periods; 12 wk total) using 32 multiparous and 16 primiparous Holstein cows was conducted to assess the production response to crude protein (CP), digestible rumen-undegraded protein (RUP), and rumen-protected Met (RPM; fed as Mepron; Degussa Corp., Kennesaw, GA). Diets contained [dry matter (DM) basis] 21% alfalfa silage, 34% corn silage, 22 to 26% high-moisture corn, 10 to 14% soybean meal, 4% soyhulls, 2% added fat, 1.3% minerals and vitamins, and 27 to 28% neutral detergent fiber. Treatments were a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of the following main effects: 15.8 or 17.1% dietary CP, with or without supplemental rumen-undegraded protein (RUP) from expeller soybean meal, and 0 or 9 g of RPM/d. None of the 2- or 3-way interactions was significant. Higher dietary CP increased DM intake 1.1 kg/d and yield of milk 1.7 kg/d, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM) 2.2 kg/d, fat 0.10 kg/d, and true protein 0.05 kg/d, and improved apparent N balance and DM and fiber digestibility. However, milk urea N and estimated urinary excretion of urea-N and total-N also increased, and apparent N efficiency (milk-N/N-intake) fell from 33 to 30% when cows consumed higher dietary CP. Positive effects of feeding more RUP were increased feed efficiency and milk fat content plus 1.8 kg/d greater FCM and 0.08 kg/d greater fat, but milk protein content was lower and milk urea N and urinary urea excretion were elevated. Supplementation with RPM increased DM intake 0.7 kg/d and FCM and fat yield by 1.4 and 0.06 kg/d, and tended to increase milk fat content and yield of milk and protein. C1 [Broderick, G. A.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stevenson, M. J.] Degussa Canada Inc, Burlington, ON L7R 3Y8, Canada. [Patton, R. A.] Nittany Dairy Nutr Inc, Mifflinburg, PA 17844 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM glen.broderick@ars.usda.gov FU Degussa Co FX The authors thank Rick Walgenbach and his farm crew for harvesting and storing the feedstuffs used in these trials; Jill Davidson and her barn crew for feeding and animal care at the US Dairy Forage Center Research Farm (Prairie du Sac, WI); Wendy Radloff, Mary Becker, and Steven Diederich (US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI) for assisting with sampling and laboratory analyses; Winfried Heimbeck (Evonik Degussa GmbH, Hanau, Germany) for AA analyses; and Peter Crump (University of Wisconsin, Madison) for assisting with statistical analyses, particularly the assessment of possible treatment carryover effects. Partial financial support for this research from Degussa Co. (Kennesaw, GA) is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2719 EP 2728 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1277 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 449QD UT WOS:000266344200039 PM 19448006 ER PT J AU Broderick, GA Reynal, SM AF Broderick, G. A. Reynal, S. M. TI Effect of source of rumen-degraded protein on production and ruminal metabolism in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rumen-degraded protein; nonprotein nitrogen; true protein; microbial protein synthesis ID OMASAL NUTRIENT FLOW; SILAGE-BASED DIETS; MICROBIAL PROTEIN; ALFALFA SILAGE; AMINO-ACIDS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; DIGESTA-FLOW; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; PARTICULATE-PHASE; INTERNAL MARKERS AB Twenty-eight (8 with ruminal cannulas) lactating Holstein cows were assigned to seven 4 x 4 Latin squares in a 16-wk trial to study the effects on production and ruminal metabolism of feeding differing proportions of rumen-degraded protein (RDP) from soybean meal and urea. Diets contained [dry matter (DM) basis] 40% corn silage, 15% alfalfa silage, 28 to 30% high-moisture corn, plus varying levels of ground dry shelled corn, solvent- and lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal, and urea. Proportions of the soybean meals, urea, and dry corn were adjusted such that all diets contained 16.1% crude protein and 10.5% RDP, with urea providing 0, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.7% RDP (DM basis). As urea supplied greater proportions of RDP, there were linear decreases in DM intake, yield of milk, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, fat, protein, and solids-not-fat, and of weight gain. Milk contents of fat, protein, and solids-not-fat were not affected by source of RDP. Replacing soybean meal RDP with urea RDP resulted in several linear responses: increased excretion of urinary urea-N and concentration of milk urea-N, blood urea-N, and ruminal ammonia-N and decreased excretion of fecal N; there was also a trend for increased excretion of total urinary N. A linear increase in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility, probably due to digestion of NDF-N from lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal, was observed with greater urea intake. Omasal sampling revealed small but significant effects of N source on measured RDP supply, which averaged 11.0% (DM basis) across diets. Increasing the proportion of RDP from urea resulted in linear decrease in omasal flow of dietary nonammonia N (NAN) and microbial NAN and in microbial growth efficiency (microbial NAN/unit of organic matter truly digested in the rumen). These changes were paralleled by large linear reductions in omasal flows of essential, nonessential, and total amino acids. Overall, these results indicated that replacing soybean meal RDP with that from urea reduced yield of milk and milk components, largely because of depressed microbial protein formation in the rumen and that RDP from nonprotein-N sources was not as effective as RDP provided by true protein. C1 [Broderick, G. A.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Reynal, S. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM glen.broderick@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2822 EP 2834 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1865 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 449QD UT WOS:000266344200049 PM 19448016 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Hoffman, PC AF Coblentz, W. K. Hoffman, P. C. TI Effects of bale moisture and bale diameter on spontaneous heating, dry matter recovery, in vitro true digestibility, and in situ disappearance kinetics of alfalfa-orchardgrass hays SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dry matter loss; hay; spontaneous heating; digestibility ID BERMUDAGRASS HAY; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; GROWING STEERS; ROUND BALES; STORAGE; FORAGES; FIBER; PASSAGE; IMPACT AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) hay was made in 96 large-round bales over 3 harvests during 2006 and 2007 to assess the effects of spontaneous heating on dry matter (DM) recovery, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), and in situ disappearance kinetics of DM. Throughout these harvests, bales were made at preset diameters of 0.9, 1.2, or 1.5 m and at moisture concentrations ranging from 9.3 to 46.6%. Internal bale temperatures were monitored daily during an outdoor storage period, reaching maxima of 77.2 degrees C (MAX) and 1,997 heating degree days >30 degrees C (HDD) for one specific combination of bale moisture, bale diameter, and harvest. Following storage, regressions of DM recovery on HDD and MAX indicated that DM recovery declined linearly in close association with measures of spontaneous heating. For HDD, slopes and intercepts differed across bale diameters, probably because the greater surface area per kilogram of DM for 0.9-m bales facilitated more rapid dissipation of heat than occurred from 1.2- or 1.5-m-diameter bales. Regardless of bale diameter, coefficients of determination were high (r(2) >= 0.872) when HDD was used as the independent variable. Regressions of DM recovery on MAX also exhibited high r(2) statistics (>= 0.833) and a common slope across bale diameters (-0.32 percentage units of DM/degrees C). Changes in concentrations of IVTD during storage (poststorage-prestorage; Delta IVTD) also were regressed on HDD and MAX. For HDD, the data were best fit with a nonlinear model in which Delta IVTD became rapidly negative at < 1,000 HDD, but was asymptotic thereafter. When MAX was used as the independent variable, a simple linear model (y = -0.23x + 9.5) provided the best fit. In both cases, coefficients of determination were comparable to those for DM recovery (R(2) or r(2) = 0.820). Changes (poststorage-prestorage) in ruminal DM degradation rate (Delta K(d)) and effective ruminal degradability of DM (Delta DEG) were assessed similarly. Although the most appropriate statistical model varied, Delta K(d) and Delta DEG both became increasingly negative at low to moderate levels of heating, but generally stabilized thereafter. Both HDD and MAX were excellent predictor variables for both Delta K(d) and Delta DEG; r(2) or R(2) statistics ranged from 0.788 to 0.921. Measures of spontaneous heating are consistently effective indicators of DM recovery following storage, as well as good indicators of concurrent changes in IVTD or in situ disappearance of DM for heated alfalfa-orchardgrass hays. C1 [Coblentz, W. K.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Hoffman, P. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2853 EP 2874 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1920 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 449QD UT WOS:000266344200052 PM 19448019 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Hoffman, PC AF Coblentz, W. K. Hoffman, P. C. TI Effects of spontaneous heating on fiber composition, fiber digestibility, and in situ disappearance kinetics of neutral detergent fiber for alfalfa-orchardgrass hays SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disappearance kinetics; fiber composition; hay; neutral detergent fiber ID BERMUDAGRASS HAY; DRY-MATTER; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; MOISTURE-CONTENT; GROWING STEERS; TALL FESCUE; ROUND BALES; STORAGE; FORAGES AB During 2006 and 2007, forages from 3 individual hay harvests were utilized to assess the effects of spontaneous heating on concentrations of fiber components, 48-h neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (NDFD), and in situ disappearance kinetics of NDF for large-round bales of mixed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Over the 3 harvests, 96 large-round bales were made at preset bale diameters of 0.9, 1.2, or 1.5 m, and at moisture concentrations ranging from 9.3 to 46.6%. Internal bale temperatures were monitored daily during an outdoor storage period, reaching maxima (MAX) of 77.2 degrees C and 1,997 heating degree days >30 degrees C (HDD) for one specific combination of bale moisture, bale diameter, and harvest. Concentrations of all fiber components (NDF, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) increased in response to spontaneous heating during storage. Changes in concentrations of NDF during storage (poststorage-prestorage; Delta NDF) were regressed on HDD using a nonlinear regression model (R(2) = 0.848) that became asymptotic after Delta NDF increased by 8.6 percentage units. Although the specific regression model varied, changes (poststorage-prestorage) in concentrations of acid detergent fiber, cellulose, and lignin also increased in nonlinear relationships with HDD that exhibited relatively high coefficients of determination (R(2) = 0.710 to 0.885). Fiber digestibility, as determined by NDFD, was largely unaffected by heating characteristics except within bales incurring the most extreme levels of HDD or MAX. In situ assessment of ruminal NDF disappearance kinetics indicated that disappearance rate (K(d)) declined by about 40% within the range of heating incurred over these hay harvests. The change in Kd during storage (Delta K(d)) was related closely to both HDD and MAX by nonlinear models exhibiting high R(2) statistics (0.907 and 0.883, respectively). However, there was no regression relationship between changes (poststorage-prestorage) in effective ruminal disappearance of NDF and spontaneous heating, regardless of which heating measure was used as the independent variable. The close regression relationship between Delta K(d) and measures of spontaneous heating indicates clearly that ruminal NDF disappearance was altered negatively by some direct or indirect aspect of spontaneous heating. However, it was equally apparent that these effects were offset by an expanding pool of dry matter recovered as potentially degradable NDF. C1 [Coblentz, W. K.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Hoffman, P. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2875 EP 2895 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1921 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 449QD UT WOS:000266344200053 PM 19448020 ER PT J AU Cole, JB VanRaden, PM O'Connell, JR Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS Schnabel, RD Taylor, JF Wiggans, GR AF Cole, J. B. VanRaden, P. M. O'Connell, J. R. Van Tassell, C. P. Sonstegard, T. S. Schnabel, R. D. Taylor, J. F. Wiggans, G. R. TI Distribution and location of genetic effects for dairy traits SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calving trait; genomic selection; single nucleotide polymorphism; quantitative trait loci ID WHOLE-GENOME SCAN; AFFECTING MILK-YIELD; HOLSTEIN CATTLE; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; CALVING DIFFICULTY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; X-CHROMOSOME; CALF SIZE; LOCI; IDENTIFICATION AB Genetic effects for many dairy traits and for total economic merit are evenly distributed across all chromosomes. A high-density scan using 38,416 single nucleotide polymorphism markers for 5,285 bulls confirmed 2 previously known major genes on Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) 6 and 14 but revealed few other large effects. Markers on BTA18 had the largest effects on calving ease, several conformation traits, longevity, and total merit. Prediction accuracy was highest using a heavy-tailed prior assuming that each marker had an effect on each trait, rather than assuming a normal distribution of effects as in a linear model, or that only some loci have nonzero effects. A prior model combining heavy tails with finite alleles produced results that were intermediate compared with the individual models. Differences between models were small (1 to 2%) for traits with no major genes and larger for heavy tails with traits having known quantitative trait loci (QTL; 6 to 8%). Analysis of bull recessive codes suggested that marker effects from genomic selection may be used to identify regions of chromosomes to search in detail for candidate genes, but individual single nucleotide polymorphisms were not tracking causative mutations with the exception of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1. Additive genetic merits were constructed for each chromosome, and the distribution of BTA14-specific estimated breeding value (EBV) showed that selection primarily for milk yield has not changed the distribution of EBV for fat percentage even in the presence of a known QTL. Such chromosomal EBV also may be useful for identifying complementary mates in breeding programs. The QTL affecting dystocia, conformation, and economic merit on BTA18 appear to be related to calf size or birth weight and may be the result of longer gestation lengths. Results validate quantitative genetic assumptions that most traits are due to the contributions of a large number of genes of small additive effect, rather than support the finite locus model. C1 [Cole, J. B.; VanRaden, P. M.; Van Tassell, C. P.; Wiggans, G. R.] USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [O'Connell, J. R.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Van Tassell, C. P.; Sonstegard, T. S.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schnabel, R. D.; Taylor, J. F.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Cole, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.cole@ars.usda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014; OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Washington, DC) [2006-35205-16888, 2006-35205-16701]; National Association of Animal Breeders (Columbia, MO) FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Grant no. 2006-35205-16888 and 2006-35205-16701 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Washington, DC) and by the National Association of Animal Breeders (Columbia, MO). The computational assistance provided by Melvin E. Tooker of Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. Bioinformatics assistance was provided by Lakshmi Matukumalli of Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory. Two anonymous reviewers provided very helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 51 TC 126 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2931 EP 2946 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1762 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 449QD UT WOS:000266344200059 PM 19448026 ER PT J AU El-Sayed, AM Suckling, DM Byers, JA Jang, EB Wearing, CH AF El-Sayed, A. M. Suckling, D. M. Byers, J. A. Jang, E. B. Wearing, C. H. TI Potential of "Lure and Kill" in Long-Term Pest Management and Eradication of Invasive Species SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE lure and kill; attract and kill; attracticides; semiochemicals; pheromones ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA DIPTERA; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS LEPIDOPTERA; SYNTHETIC APPLE VOLATILES; EGYPTIAN COTTON LEAFWORM; PILOT-SCALE FEASIBILITY; BEETLE IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; DACUS STRUMETA TRYONI; MELON FLIES DIPTERA; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA AB "Lure and kill" technology has been used for several decades in pest management and eradication of invasive species. In lure and kill, the insect pest attracted by a semiochemical lure is not "entrapped" at the source of the attractant as in mass trapping, but instead the insect is subjected to a killing agent, which eliminates affected individuals from the population after a short period. In past decades, a growing scientific literature has been published on this concept. This article provides the first review on the potential of lure and kill in long-term pest management and eradication of invasive species. We present a summary of lure and kill, either when used as a stand-alone control method or in combination with other methods. We discuss its efficacy in comparison with other control methods. Several case studies in which lure and kill has been used with the aims of long-term pest management (e.g., pink bollworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, codling moth, apple maggot, biting flies, and bark beetles) or the eradication of invasive species (e.g., tephritid fruit flies and boll weevils) are provided. Subsequently, we identify essential knowledge required for successful lure and kill programs that include lure competitiveness with natural odor source; lure density; lure formulation and release rate; pest population density and risk of immigration; and biology and ecology of the target species. The risks associated with lure and kill especially when used in the eradication programs, are highlighted. We comment on the cost-effectiveness of this technology and its strengths and weaknesses, and list key reasons for success and failure. We conclude that lure and kill can be highly effective in controlling small, low-density, isolated populations, and thus it has the potential to add value to long-term pest management. In the eradication of invasive species, lure and kill offers a major advantage in effectiveness by its being inverse density dependent and it provides some improvements in efficacy over related control methods. However, the inclusion of insecticides or sterilants in lure and kill formulations presents a major obstacle to public acceptance. C1 [El-Sayed, A. M.; Suckling, D. M.] Canterbury Res Ctr, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand. [Byers, J. A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Jang, E. B.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP El-Sayed, AM (reprint author), Canterbury Res Ctr, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand. EM ael-sayed@hortresearch.co.nz RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010 OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348 FU New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Biosecurity New Zealand); Foundation for Research, Science and Technology [CO2X0501, CO 6X0301] FX This work was supported by New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Biosecurity New Zealand), and the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (CO2X0501, Better Border Biosecurity; www.b3nz.org and Insecticide Risk Reduction in Horticulture, CO 6X0301). NR 130 TC 81 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 81 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 815 EP 835 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700001 PM 19610395 ER PT J AU Daberkow, S Korb, P Hoff, F AF Daberkow, Stan Korb, Penni Hoff, Fred TI Structure of the US Beekeeping Industry: 1982-2002 SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beekeepers; bee colonies; apiculture farm size and location; apiculture farm operators AB There have been major structural changes in the beekeeping industry over the past 25 yr. The U.S. Census of Agriculture surveys indicate that colony inventory declined >20% between 1982 and 2002, whereas the number of U.S. farms with apiculture enterprises fell >70%. This decline in farm numbers was not uniform across different sized farms based on colony inventory-nearly 30,000 of the farms exiting the apiculture business had fewer than 25 colonies. With the number of farms declining faster than colony inventory, there has been a shift to larger farms. The Appalachia, Corn Belt, and Northeast states have the highest shares of apiculture farms, whereas the Pacific, Northern Plains, and Mountain states account for the largest shares of colonies. Farms with apiculture enterprises are concentrated in the smallest sales categories-87% of such farms had <$50,000 in sales in 2002. Only about one third of farms with apiculture activity reported that a majority of sales were from apiculture products-such as honey or colony sales. Compared with all U.S. farms, per farm payments for all types of government programs were smaller for farms with apiculture activities. Only about half of all beekeepers regard farming as their primary occupation, and nearly 60% of the operators work off the farm at least 1 d a year and approximate to 40% work >200 d off the farm in a given year. Beekeepers resembled all other farmers demographically-nearly 90% are white males, with an average age of 55. C1 [Daberkow, Stan; Korb, Penni; Hoff, Fred] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Daberkow, S (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM standab@verizon.net NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 868 EP 886 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700004 PM 19610398 ER PT J AU Barak, AV Yang, WD Yu, DJ Jiao, Y Kang, L Chen, ZL Ling, XY Zhan, GP AF Barak, Alan V. Yang Weidong Yu Daojian Jiao Yi Kang Lin Chen Zhilin Ling Xingyuan Zhan Guoping TI Methyl Bromide as a Quarantine Treatment for Chlorophorus annularis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Raw Bamboo Poles SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chlorophorus; Bambusa; fumigation; quarantine; methyl bromide ID ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; WOOD PACKING MATERIAL; INSECTS AB At least 26 different species of insects of quarantine significance were intercepted from 1985 to 2005 on bamboo (Bambusa spp.) garden stakes from China. Three fifths of the live insects were cerambycids in nine genera, including Chlorophorus annularis F., the bamboo borer. The current APHIS-PPQ treatment is fumigation schedule T404-d, which requires high doses of methyl bromide (MeBr) for 24 h. No specific fumigation data exist for C. annularis. Chinese and American quarantine scientists cooperated in testing to determine whether this schedule, or lower doses, would be effective as a quarantine treatment for C. annularis infesting dried bamboo poles. A lower dose based on APHIS tests for solid wood packing (SWP) failed (3/511 survivors) at 56 g/m(3) for 24 h at 10.0 degrees C. We therefore tested five progressive doses at five temperatures intermediate between the lower SWP schedule and the much higher applied doses (e.g., 120 g/m(3) for 24 h at 10.0 degrees C) of schedule T404-d. Fumigations of infested bamboo poles conducted in 403.2-liter chambers with 52% vol:vol loading at doses of 48, 64, 80, 96, and 112 g/m(3) at 26.7, 21.1, 15.6, 10.0, and 4.4 degrees C, respectively (20 total replicates, with 4 replicates per dose), had no survivors among 2,847 larvae, 140 pupae and 122 adults. Control replicates (three) had a total of 455 live stages (397 larvae, 31 pupae, and 27 adults). Tests conducted with a sea/land cargo container loaded to 80% capacity with bamboo poles verified the ability of the schedule to maintain effective concentrations over 24 h in commercial-sized fumigations. We propose a new bamboo quarantine treatment schedule at reduced rates of applied MeBr. C1 [Barak, Alan V.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Pest Survey,Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis Angb, MA 02542 USA. [Yang Weidong; Yu Daojian; Jiao Yi; Kang Lin; Chen Zhilin; Ling Xingyuan] Shenzhen EntryExit Inspect & Quarantine Bur PR Ch, Anim & Plant Inspect & Quarantine Tech Ctr, Shenzhen 518010, Peoples R China. [Zhan Guoping] Chinese Acad Inspect & Quarantine Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Barak, AV (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Pest Survey,Detect & Exclus Lab, Bldg 1398, Otis Angb, MA 02542 USA. EM al.barak@aphis.usda.gov FU APHIS PPQ CPHST [T7Q02]; Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China [SZ2008020] FX This work was supported by APHIS PPQ CPHST Project T7Q02 and Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China (SZ2008020). The authors thank the following people in China for valuable support of this project: C. Zhinan, Z. Guiming, and X. Caiyu of lie Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technical Center of Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau (Shenzhen CIQ), C. Xinru from Shekou CIQ, and Prof. W. Yuejin of the Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Science, Beijing (CAIQ). We also thank the following for commentary and review of the manuscript: S. Myers, PPQ, Otis PSDEL, Otis ANGB, MA, and J. Leesch, USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 913 EP 920 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700008 PM 19610402 ER PT J AU Follett, PA AF Follett, Peter A. TI Puncture Resistance in 'Sharwil' Avocado to Oriental Fruit Fly and Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Oviposition SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quarantine pest; host status; nonhost; poor host; medfly ID QUARANTINE COLD TREATMENT; IDIOBLAST OIL CELLS; HEAT-SHOCK; INFESTATION; HAWAII; TOLERANCE; SECURITY AB The physiological basis for host antibiosis or nonpreference to a quarantine pest is often not understood. Studies are needed on the mechanisms that impart resistance to better understand how resistance might fail. Experiments were conducted to examine the infestability of 'Sharwil' avocados by oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), after harvest and to quantify the effect of avocado skin hardness on resistance to infestation by oriental fruit fly. Infestation rate increased with decreasing fruit firmness, but fruit were generally poor hosts. Fruit with a patch of skin removed produced more flies than intact fruit, suggesting that skin puncture resistance was an important deterrent to oviposition. This study showed that fruit can be infested within 1 d after harvest, suggesting that fruit should be transferred to fruit fly-proof containers as they are harvested to minimize the risk of attack. Although risk of infestation is negatively correlated with fruit firmness, even some hard fruit may become infested. Therefore, fruit firmness cannot be used alone as an indicator to ensure fruit fly-free 'Sharwil' avocados. Measuring fruit firmness may be a useful component of a multiple component systems approach as an additional safeguard to reduce risk of infestation. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM peter.follett@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 921 EP 926 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700009 PM 19610403 ER PT J AU Reding, ME Persad, AB AF Reding, Michael E. Persad, Anand B. TI Systemic Insecticides for Control of Black Vine Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Container- and Field-Grown Nursery Crops SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ornamental plants; Otiorhynchus sulcatus; neonicotinoids; anthranilic diamide ID OTIORHYNCHUS-SULCATUS FABRICIUS; FRAGARIA-CHILOENSIS; RESISTANCE; STRAWBERRY; FECUNDITY; CLONES; PLANTS AB Black vine weevils, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are serious pests of container- and field-grown nursery crops. Management programs usually target the larval stage in container-grown plants and the adults in field-grown plants. We tested several new systemic insecticides for efficacy against black vine weevil in container-grown Sedum spp. and field-grown Taxus spp. In 2006 and 2007, clothianidin, dinotefuran, and chlorantraniliprole were applied as surface drenches to containerized Sedum. plants, and suppression of larval densities and adult feeding were evaluated. Sedum. leaf bioassays were used to further examine the influence of clothianidin, dinotefuran, and chlorantraniliprole on adult feeding. In 2006, pots were infested with adult black vine weevil 1 d after treating, and in 2007 pots were infested 1 or 43 d after treating. All three insecticides significantly reduced the numbers of larvae in 2006, but not in 2007, because of low numbers of larvae in the untreated control plants. Dinotefuran and clothianidin reduced feeding by adult black vine weevil on containerized Sedum plants, resulting in more blossoms, fewer damaged leaves, and a lower percentage of leaves damaged compared with control plants. In bioassays with detached leaves, all three insecticides reduced feeding compared with control plants. Efficacy and timing of clothianidin, imidacloprid, and acephate soil drenches and imidacloprid and acephate soil injections were evaluated for black vine weevil control over a 1-yr period in field-grown Taxus plants. All insecticide treatments significantly reduced the numbers of larvae in field-grown Taxus plants compared with control plants; and all but the spring acephate drench improved the appearance of the Taxus (foliar rating) plants compared with untreated plants. All of the tested insecticides showed potential for preventing infestations of black vine weevil larvae and reducing feeding by the adults in ornamental plants. C1 [Reding, Michael E.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Res Grp, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Persad, Anand B.] Davey Tree Expert Co, Kent, OH 44240 USA. RP Reding, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Res Grp, 1680 Madison Av, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mike.reding@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 927 EP 933 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700010 PM 19610404 ER PT J AU Krugner, R Groves, RL Johnson, MW Flores, AP Hagler, JR Morse, JG AF Krugner, Rodrigo Groves, Russell L. Johnson, Marshall W. Flores, Arnel P. Hagler, James R. Morse, Joseph G. TI Seasonal Population Dynamics of Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Sweet Orange Trees Maintained Under Continuous Deficit Irrigation SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant stress; citrus; glassy-winged sharpshooter; insect-plant interactions ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; INSECT PERFORMANCE; WATER-DEFICIT; FRUIT-QUALITY; AMINO-ACIDS; TRANSMISSION; PLANTS; HYPOTHESIS AB A 2-yr study was conducted in a citrus orchard (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cultivar Valencia) to determine the influence of plant water stress on the population dynamics of glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (German). Experimental treatments included irrigation at 100% of the crop evapotranspiration rate (ET(c)) and continuous deficit-irrigation regimens at 80 and 60% ET(c.) Microclimate and plant conditions monitored included temperature and humidity in the tree canopy, leaf surface temperature, water potential, and fruit quality and yield. Glassy-winged sharpshooter population densities and activity were monitored weekly by a combination of visual inspections, beat net sampling, and trapping. Glassy-winged sharpshooter populations were negatively affected by severe plant water stress; however, population densities were not linearly related to decreasing water availability in plants. Citrus trees irrigated at 60% ET(c) had significantly warmer leaves, lower xylem water potential, and consequently hosted fewer glassy-winged sharpshooter eggs, nymphs, and adults than trees irrigated at 80% ET(c). Citrus trees irrigated at 100% ET(c) hosted similar numbers of glassy-winged sharpshooter stages as trees irrigated at 60% ET(c) and a lower number of glassy-winged sharpshooter nymphs than the 80% ET(c) treatment, specifically during the nymphal density peak in mid-April to early July. Irrigation treatments did not affect populations of monitored natural enemies. Although the adult glassy-winged sharpshooter population was reduced, on average, by 50% in trees under severe water stress, the total number of fruit and number of fruit across several fruit grade categories were significantly lower in the 60% ET(c) than in the 80 and 100% ET(c) irrigation treatments. C1 [Krugner, Rodrigo; Groves, Russell L.; Johnson, Marshall W.; Flores, Arnel P.; Hagler, James R.; Morse, Joseph G.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Krugner, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Rodrigo.Krugner@ars.usda.gov FU University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Pierce's Disease and Glassy-winged Sharpshooter Research; USDA-ARS FX We thank M. Sisterson, K. M. Dame, and R. F. Luck for useful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript; L. Morrison and T. Ortega from the UCR Agriculture Operations Unit for the installation and maintenance of the irrigation system; and Redlands Foothill Groves for processing the harvested oranges. Funding for this project was provided in part by the University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Pierce's Disease and Glassy-winged Sharpshooter Research Grants Program, the USDA-ARS, and through a Specific Cooperative Agreement between the USDA-ARS and UC Riverside. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 960 EP 973 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700015 PM 19610409 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL Hall, DG AF Lapointe, Stephen L. Hall, David G. TI Arrestment Behavior in the Polyphagous Tropical Root Weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diaprepes root weevil; arrestment; aggregation pheromone; wind tunnel ID MALE BOLL-WEEVILS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; OVIPOSITION; ATTRACTANCY; EXPERIENCE; BEETLE; TRAPS AB A semiochemical-based attractant for the tropical root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviates L., has been sought since the introduction of this polyphagous pest to Florida in the 1960s. A six-unit wind tunnel apparatus was constructed to allow multiple runs to be conducted simultaneously to test the response of D. abbreviates adults to volatile and contact semiochemicals. Arrestment was measured as the number of weevils stopping and remaining on a target when presented with upwind target choices. No response (movement upwind) was observed when weevils were presented with a control (no odor). Some movement upwind but no arrestment occurred when weevils were presented with young citrus leaves (flush). Citrus flush that had been fed on by D. abbreviates adults was highly attractive and induced arrestment of both male and female adults. The effect was duplicated by placing organdy-enclosed feces (frass) on undamaged flush. The arrestment effect was eliminated; however, when fed-on flush was enclosed in a cage so that weevils could not contact the leaves. In these experiments, weevils continued to move upwind. The results of these tests lead us to conclude that host and mate location by D. abbreviates is mediated by volatile and contact semiochemicals. C1 [Lapointe, Stephen L.; Hall, David G.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Lapointe, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Stephen.Lapointe@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 992 EP 998 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700018 PM 19610412 ER PT J AU Weaver, DH Buteler, M Hofland, ML Runyon, JB Nansen, C Talbert, LE Lamb, P Carlson, GR AF Weaver, David H. Buteler, Micaela Hofland, Megan L. Runyon, Justin B. Nansen, Christian Talbert, Luther E. Lamb, Peggy Carlson, Gregg R. TI Cultivar Preferences of Ovipositing Wheat Stem Sawflies as Influenced by the Amount of Volatile Attractant SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trap crops; host preference; semiochemicals; (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate; attractant ID CEPHUS-CINCTUS; PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; PEST-MANAGEMENT; HYMENOPTERA; CEPHIDAE; MONTANA; FIELDS; PARASITOIDS; LARVAE AB The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, causes severe losses in wheat grown in the northern Great Plains. Much of the affected area is planted in monoculture with wheat, Triticum aestivum. L., grown in large fields alternating yearly between crop and no-till fallow. The crop and fallow fields are adjacent. This cropping landscape creates pronounced edge effects of sawfly infestations and may be amenable to trap cropping using existing agricultural practices. The behavioral preference for two wheat varieties was assessed in the context of developing trap crops for this insect. In field nurseries, stem lodging assessments indicated that the cultivar 'Conan' was infrequently damaged, whereas 'Reeder' was often heavily damaged. In laboratory choice and no-choice tests, 'Reeder' was significantly preferred by ovipositing wheat stem sawfly females. These two cultivars did not differ significantly in height or developmental stage, factors known to impact sawfly preference. Although Conan received fewer eggs than Reeder in no-choice tests, oviposition was further reduced in choice tests, indicating that females clearly preferred Reeder. In field trials where the overall dimensions of the spatial structure in choice tests was varied, females always selected Reeder over Conan in alternating block row, and interseeded planting scenarios. Reeder releases greater amounts of the attractive compound, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate than Conan but is similar to Conan for three other known, behaviorally active volatile compounds. The results are discussed in terms of cultivar selection for large scale trap crop experiments for the wheat stem sawfly. C1 [Weaver, David H.; Buteler, Micaela; Hofland, Megan L.; Runyon, Justin B.; Nansen, Christian] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Runyon, Justin B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Nansen, Christian] Texas A&M Syst, AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Talbert, Luther E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Lamb, Peggy; Carlson, Gregg R.] Montana State Univ, No Ag Res Ctr, Havre, MT 59501 USA. RP Weaver, DH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, 334 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. OI Runyon, Justin B./0000-0002-0271-0511 FU USDA-Western SARE [SW07-025] FX This research was supported using funds from USDA-Western SARE award SW07-025, several USDA Special Research Grants entitled "Novel semiochemical- and pathogen-based management strategies for wheat stem sawfly," by the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, and by the Montana Board of Research and Commercialization Technology. The authors thank K. Chamberlain for providing (E)-beta-ocimene. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1009 EP 1017 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700020 PM 19610414 ER PT J AU Gharalari, AH Nansen, C Lawson, DS Gilley, J Munyaneza, JE Vaughn, K AF Gharalari, A. H. Nansen, C. Lawson, D. S. Gilley, J. Munyaneza, J. E. Vaughn, K. TI Knockdown Mortality, Repellency, and Residual Effects of Insecticides for Control of Adult Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IPM; potato; zebra chip disease; chemical control ID POTATO WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; ZEBRA CHIP; ABAMECTIN; TOMATO; FOLIAGE; PLANTS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ALEYRODIDAE; SPINOSAD AB The psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is the vector of a bacterial pathogen causing zebra chip (ZC) disease in potato, Solanum tuberosum. L. (Solanaceae). Recently, ZC has become important to potato growers and the potato chipping industry in the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. In the current study, we evaluated the knockdown effect of 12 insecticides against adult B. cockerelli, and we examined the effects of treating potato leaves: top side only, bottom side only, or both sides. Within 48 h of exposure, abamectin showed the highest and most consistent rate of adult B. cockerelli mortality and a dosage response to three dosages within labeled field rates. Choice tests conducted in petri dishes, involving untreated potato leaves and leaves treated with abamectin, revealed that abamectin did not affect host preference of adult B. cockerelli. A residual test under field conditions revealed that, although highly effective immediately after application, abamectin-effect was nonsignificantly different from control treatments 24 and 48 h after field application. Higher adult B. cockerelli mortality was recorded from potato plants treated with ground application compared with aerial 48 h after application. Our results indicated that abamectin has a high knockdown effect on adult B. cockerelli and that it can be used effectively in insecticide rotation programs against adult B. cockerelli and ZC control in potatoes. C1 [Gharalari, A. H.; Nansen, C.; Vaughn, K.] Texas AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Lawson, D. S.] Syngenta Crop Protect Inc, Greensboro, NC 27419 USA. [Gilley, J.] CSS Farms, Dalhart, TX 79022 USA. [Munyaneza, J. E.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Gharalari, AH (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, 1102 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM ahosseini@ag.tamu.edu RI Hosseini-Gharalari, Ali/S-2140-2016 OI Hosseini-Gharalari, Ali/0000-0002-1656-2628 FU Texas Department of Agriculture FX We thank CSS farm for providing the field and the spraying facilities. Financial support for this work was provided by Texas Department of Agriculture. NR 36 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1032 EP 1038 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700022 PM 19610416 ER PT J AU Grosman, DM Clarke, SR Upton, WW AF Grosman, Donald M. Clarke, Stephen R. Upton, William W. TI Efficacy of Two Systemic Insecticides Injected Into Loblolly Pine for Protection Against Southern Pine Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus frontalis; Ips spp.; emamectin benzoate; fipronil; single-tree protection ID EMAMECTIN BENZOATE; BURSAPHELENCHUS-XYLOPHILUS; WOOD NEMATODE; UNITED-STATES; WILT DISEASE; CARBARYL; CONIFERS; WESTERN; ATTACK; TREES AB We evaluated the efficacy of systemic insecticides emamectin benzoate and fipronil for preventing mortality of individual loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., as a result of attacks by southern pine bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) for two consecutive years in Mississippi (20052006) and Alabama (2006-2007). Trees were injected once in the spring of 2005 (Mississippi) or 2006 (Alabama) and then were baited with species-specific bark beetle lures several weeks later. The southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, was the target species but was changed to Ips spp. in Mississippi (but not Alabama) the second year because of few southern pine beetle attacks on baited trees. Single injections of emamectin benzoate were effective in reducing tree mortality caused by bark beetles compared with untreated checks. Although less effective overall fipronil also significantly reduced tree mortality from southern pine beetle compared with the checks during the second year in Alabama. Tree mortality continued well after the lures had been removed. Evaluations of bolts taken from experimental trees killed in 2006 indicated that emamectin benzoate effectively prevented parent bark beetle gallery construction and that fipronil significantly reduced lengths of galleries constructed by adult beetles, brood development, and emergence, compared with checks. In contrast, neither insecticide treatment prevented the bark beetles from inoculating blue stain fungi, Ophiostoma spp., into treated trees. C1 [Grosman, Donald M.; Upton, William W.] Texas Forest Serv, Lufkin, TX 75902 USA. [Clarke, Stephen R.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Lufkin, TX 75901 USA. RP Grosman, DM (reprint author), Texas Forest Serv, POB 310, Lufkin, TX 75902 USA. EM dgrosman@tfs.tamu.edu FU Southern Pine Beetle Initiative; USDA-Forest Service Southern Research Station, Pineville, LA; Forest Pest Management Cooperative FX We thank Jason Helvey and Vladimir Cizek (Texas Forest Service) and Roger Menard and Wood Johnson (Forest Health Protection, USDA-Forest Service) for field and laboratory assistance. We also thank James Meeker and Timothy Haley (Forest Health Protection, USDA-Forest Service) and Cindy Ragland (Oakmulgee Ranger District, USDA-Forest Service) who provided the study sites. Brian Strom (Southern Research Station, USDA-Forest Service) donated the Vapam. We thank Ronald Billings and Herbert Pase (Texas Forest Service), Christopher Fettig (Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA-Forest Service), David Cox (Syngenta Crop Protection Inc.), and Harold Quicke (BASF) for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. The companies named herein loaned injection systems and/or donated insecticides. This research was supported by a Southern Pine Beetle Initiative grant from the USDA-Forest Service Southern Research Station, Pineville, LA, and the Forest Pest Management Cooperative. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1062 EP 1069 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700026 PM 19610420 ER PT J AU Haack, RA Petrice, TR AF Haack, Rert A. Petrice, Toby R. TI Bark- and Wood-Borer Colonization of Logs and Lumber After Heat Treatment to ISPM 15 Specifications: The Role of Residual Bark SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cerambycidae; Curculionidae; Scolytidae; Scolytinae; heat treatment ID INSECT INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; EXOTIC BARK; COLEOPTERA; INTERCEPTIONS; SCOLYTINAE; QUARANTINE; ECOLOGY; FORESTS; CANADA AB Wood packaging material (WPM) is a major pathway for international movement of bark- and wood-infesting insects. ISPM 15 the first international standard for treating WPM, was adopted in 2002 and first implemented in the United States in 2006. ISPM 15 allows bark to remain on WPM after treatment, raising concerns that insects could infest after treatment, especially if bark were present. We conducted field studies to evaluate insect infestation of green logs and lumber with varying amounts of bark after heat treatment. In a log study, Cerambycidae and Scolytinae (ambrosia beetles and bark beetles) readily infested and developed in logs with bark after heat treatment. In a lumber study, Cerambycidae and bark beetles laid eggs in all sizes of bark patches tested (approximate to 25, 100, 250, and 1,000 cm(2)) after heat treatment but did not infest control or heat-treated lumber without bark. Cerambycidae completed development only in boards with bark patches of 1,000 cm(2), whereas bark beetles completed development on patches of 100, 250, and 1,000 cm(2). Survival of bark beetles was greater in square patches (10 by 10 cm) versus rectangular patches (2.5 by 40 cm) of the same surface area (100 cm(2)). In surveys at six U.S. ports in 2006, 9.4% of 5,945 ISPM 15-marked WPM items contained bark and 1.2% of 563 ISPM 15-marked WPM items with bark contained live insects of quarantine significance under the bark. It was not possible to determine whether the presence of live insects represented treatment failure or infestation after treatment. C1 [Haack, Rert A.; Petrice, Toby R.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Haack, RA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM rhaack@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1075 EP 1084 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700028 PM 19610422 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Bergh, JC Walgenbach, JF Zhang, AJ AF Leskey, Tracy C. Bergh, J. Christopher Walgenbach, James F. Zhang, Aijun TI Evaluation of Pheromone-Based Management Strategies for Dogwood Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in Commercial Apple Orchards SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dogwood borer; mass trapping; antagonist-based mating disruption; Sesiidae; apple ID MECHANISMS MEDIATING DISRUPTION; MOTH SEXUAL COMMUNICATION; SYNANTHEDON-SCITULA; MATING DISRUPTION; CHORISTONEURA-ROSACEANA; PANDEMIS-LIMITATA; POINT SOURCES; NEW-YORK; ROOTSTOCKS; BLENDS AB The dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a serious wood-boring pest of apple in eastern North America. The recent identification of its sex pheromone and systematic documentation of the effect of a potent behavioral antagonist affords the opportunity to develop pheromone-based management strategies for this important pest. Here we evaluated the potential of pheromone-based mass trapping of males to reduce dogwood borer infestations and conducted preliminary evaluations of an antagonist-based pheromone blend for disruption of dogwood borer mate finding in commercial apple orchards in North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. In the mass trapping study, treatments included a conventional trunk-drench application of chlorpyrifos, a low-density mass trapping regime of 5 traps/ha, a higher-density mass trapping regime of 20 traps/ha, and an untreated control. We removed large numbers of males from orchards at all locations, with 27,155, 8,418, and 7,281 removed from high-density trapping plots in North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia, respectively, over 2 yr. After 2 yr under each of these treatment regimes, infestation in high- and low-density mass trapping plots was not reduced to the level of chlorpyrifostreated plots. An antagonist-based dispenser deployed at a rate of 250/ha effectively disrupted mate-finding by male dogwood borer. In plots with mating disruption dispensers, captures in pheromone-baited traps were virtually eliminated, and no males were captured in traps baited with virgin females. C1 [Leskey, Tracy C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Bergh, J. Christopher] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. [Walgenbach, James F.] N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. [Zhang, Aijun] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tracy.leskey@.ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES Southern Region IPM [2005-34103-15592] FX We thank D. Kain and C. Myers for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript; S. Wright, T. Hancock, J. Engelman, S. Schoof, and J. Nie for excellent technical assistance; and M. Orr, Orr Bros. Orchard, A. Davis, Davis Orchards, and J. Marker, Marker-Miller Orchards, for allowing us to conduct studies in their commercial apple orchards. This research was supported primarily by Grant 2005-34103-15592 from the USDA-CSREES Southern Region IPM Grants Program. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1085 EP 1093 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700029 PM 19610423 ER PT J AU Pinero, JC Mau, RFL Vargas, RI AF Pinero, Jaime C. Mau, Ronald F. L. Vargas, Roger I. TI Managing Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae), With Spinosad-Based Protein Bait Sprays and Sanitation in Papaya Orchards in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait; integrated pest management; trapping; infestation; Fopius arisanus ID MELON FLIES DIPTERA; INFESTATION RATES; METHYL EUGENOL; CUE-LURE; PLANTS; POPULATIONS; MALATHION; TOXICITY; RIPENESS; DILUTION AB The efficacy of GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait in combination with field sanitation was assessed as a control for female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in papaya (Carica papaya L.) orchards in Hawaii. Three different bait spray regimes were evaluated: every row (high use of the bait), every fifth row (moderate use), and every 10th row (low use). Orchard plots in which no bait was applied served as controls. For five of the seven biweekly periods that followed the first bait spray, trapping data revealed significantly fewer female B. dorsalis captured in plots subject to high and moderate bait use than in control plots. Differences in incidence of infestation among treatments were detected only by the third (12 wk after first spray) fruit sampling with significantly fewer infested one-fourth to one-half ripe papaya fruit in plots subject to high and moderate bait use than in control plots. Parasitism rates by Fopius arisanus (Sonar) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were not negatively affected by bait application. Results indicate that foliar applications of GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait either to all rows (every other tree), or to every fifth row (every tree) in combination with good sanitation can effectively reduce infestation by B. dorsalis in papaya orchards in Hawaii. C1 [Pinero, Jaime C.; Mau, Ronald F. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Vargas, Roger I.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Pinero, JC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jpinero@ctahr.hawaii.edu NR 26 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1123 EP 1132 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700034 PM 19610428 ER PT J AU Mangan, RL AF Mangan, Robert L. TI Effects of Bait Age and Prior Protein Feeding on Cumulative Time-Dependent Mortality of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Exposed to GF-120 Spinosad Baits SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican fruit fly; GF-120; Solbait ID MELON FLIES DIPTERA; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; SPRAY; TOXICITY; ATTRACTION; DILUTION; HAWAII; PLANTS; FIELD AB A fruit fly bait to attract and kill adult fruit flies, GF-120, was tested in cages to determine effects of pretreatment diet and bait aging before use on cumulative mortality rates of Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Protein-starved and protein-fed, 9-d-old flies both experienced varying overall cumulative mortality at 4, 8, 24, and 48 h. Pretreatment diet had no significant effect on mortality. Overall mortality rates were below 10% for 4 h, 39-43% at 8 h, but mortality in all treatments increased to 89-93% by 24 h, and 99% by 48 h. In a second experiment, GF-120 baits were either freshly prepared or aged for 24 h. Subtreatments consisted of protein-fed and protein-starved flies. The 24-h-aged bait killed significantly more flies at 4 and 8 h than the freshly prepared bait. Protein-starved flies had significantly higher mortality at 4 h and marginally higher mortality at 8 h than protein-fed flies. At 24 and 48 h, there were no significant differences among treatments, and overall morality rose to 99-100% by 48 h. These results may explain differences noted in previous publications in which fruit fly mortality to GF-120 was reported as unusually low as well as reports of bait ineffectiveness for protein-fed flies. The overall impact of any initial repellency of GF-120 seems negligible as judged by overall cumulative mortality at later evaluation times. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Mangan, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM robert.mangan@ars.usda.gov FU Dow AgroSciences through two Cooperative Research and Development Agreements [58-3K95-9-714, 58-3K95-5-1105] FX Aleena Tarshis Moreno (USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX) coordinated student and temporary technical support workers, maintained data files and experimental notes for procedures, set tip experiments, and recorded data. The manuscript was peer reviewed by Mark Hertlein of Dow AgroSciences. An anonymous reviewer made several useful suggestions for clarification and inclusion of additional information to the manuscript. This research was supported with funding from Dow AgroSciences through two Cooperative Research and Development Agreements, 58-3K95-9-714 (1998-2002) and 58-3K95-5-1105 (2005-2009). NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1157 EP 1163 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700038 PM 19610432 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Lyn, M Williams, KS Lovisa, MP De Lucca, AJ Lax, AR AF Cornelius, Mary L. Lyn, Margaret Williams, Kelley S. Lovisa, Mary P. De Lucca, Anthony J., II Lax, Alan R. TI Efficacy of Bait Supplements for Improving the Rate of Discovery of Bait Stations in the Field by Formosan Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attractant; termite control; foraging behavior; tunneling ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATTRACTION; WOOD AB Field tests of four different bait Supplements were conducted in City Park, New Orleans I.,A. The four bait supplements tested included two different formulations of decayed material, a sports drink and the combination of all application of an aqueous solution of Summon Preferred Food Source disks with the disk itself. Although all the bait supplements in this study resulted in a slightly greater number of treated stations discovered compared with control stations, only the application of the aqueous solution combined with the disk caused a significant increase in the number of stations discovered by termites. This treatment resulted in a significantly greater rate of discovery of treated stations versus control stations after only 14 d in the field. Termites were able to discover six times as many treated as control stations after 14 d, 9 times its many after 28 d, and 12 times as many after 42 d. These findings provide evidence that the diffusion of an aqueous solution into the soil underneath monitoring stations significantly decreased the length of time required for termites to infest stations. C1 [Cornelius, Mary L.; Lyn, Margaret; Williams, Kelley S.; Lovisa, Mary P.; De Lucca, Anthony J., II; Lax, Alan R.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mary.cornelius@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1175 EP 1181 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700041 PM 19610435 ER PT J AU Gassmann, AJ Fabrick, JA Sisterson, MS Hannon, ER Stock, SP Carriere, Y Tabashnik, BE AF Gassmann, Aaron J. Fabrick, Jeffrey A. Sisterson, Mark S. Hannon, Eugene R. Stock, S. Patricia Carriere, Yves Tabashnik, Bruce E. TI Effects of Pink Bollworm Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis on Phenoloxidase Activity and Susceptibility to Entomopathogenic Nematodes SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; fitness cost; immune response; integrated resistance management; simulation modeling ID HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; MOTH EPHESTIA-KUEHNIELLA; FITNESS COSTS; INSECT RESISTANCE; HOST-PLANT; BT COTTON; TRANSGENIC COTTON; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE AB Widespread planting of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) imposes selection on many key agricultural pests to evolve resistance to Bt. Fitness costs can slow the evolution of Bt resistance. We examined effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on fitness costs of Bt resistance in the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a major pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the southwestern United States that is currently controlled by transgenic cotton that produces Bt toxin Cry1Ac. We tested whether the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) affected fitness costs of resistance to Cry1Ac in two laboratory-selected hybrid strains of pink bollworm reared on non-Bt cotton bolls. The nematode S. riobrave imposed a recessive fitness cost for one strain, and H. bacteriophora imposed a fitness cost affecting heterozygous resistant individuals for the other strain. Activity of phenoloxidase, an important component of insects' immune response, did not differ between Bt-resistant and Bt-susceptible families. This suggests phenoloxidase does not affect susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes in Bt-resistant pink bollworm. Additionally, phenoloxidase activity does not contribute to Bt resistance, as has been found in some species. We conclude that other mechanisms cause higher nematode-imposed mortality for pink bollworm with Bt resistance genes. Incorporation of nematode-imposed fitness costs into a spatially explicit simulation model suggests that entomopathogenic nematodes in non-Bt refuges could delay resistance by pink bollworm to Bt cotton. C1 [Gassmann, Aaron J.; Hannon, Eugene R.; Stock, S. Patricia; Carriere, Yves; Tabashnik, Bruce E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fabrick, Jeffrey A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Sisterson, Mark S.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Gassmann, AJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM aaronjg@iastate.edu FU Center for Insect Science at tide University of Arizona; United States Department of Agriculture [2005-00925, 2006-35302-17365, 2007-02227, 2007-35302-18415] FX We thank Ana Romo, Alex Yelich, Christa Ellers-Kirk, Ginny Haupold, and Gopalan Unnithan for assistance. Funding was provided by the Center for Insect Science at tide University of Arizona and by the United States Department of Agriculture through grants 2005-00925, 2006-35302-17365, 2007-02227, and 2007-35302-18415. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1224 EP 1232 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700048 PM 19610442 ER PT J AU Bourgeois, AL Rinderer, TE AF Bourgeois, A. Lelania Rinderer, Thomas E. TI Genetic Characterization of Russian Honey Bee Stock Selected for Improved Resistance to Varroa destructor SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis; breeding program; Russian honey bees; genetic differentiation ID MULTISTATE FIELD TRIALS; UNITED-STATES; BREEDING PROGRAM; APIS-MELLIFERA; POPULATION; POLYANDRY; COLONIES; ARS; HYMENOPTERA; SOFTWARE AB Maintenance of genetic diversity among breeding lines is important in selective breeding and stock management. The Russian Honey Bee Breeding Program has strived to maintain high levels of heterozygosity among its breeding lines since its inception in 1997. After numerous rounds of selection for resistance to tracheal and varroa mites and improved honey production, 18 lines were selected as the core of the program. These lines were grouped into three breeding blocks that were crossbred to improve overall heterozygosity levels of the population. Microsatellite DNA data demonstrated that the program has been successful. Heterozygosity and allelic richness values are high and there are no indications of inbreeding among the three blocks. There were significant levels of genetic structure measured among the three blocks. Block C was genetically distinct from both blocks A and B (F(ST) = 0.0238), whereas blocks A and B did not differ from each other (F(ST) = 0.0074). The same pattern was seen for genic (based on numbers of alleles) differentiation. Genetic distance, as measured by chord distance, indicates that all of the 18 lines are equally distant, with minimal clustering. The data indicate that the overall design of the breeding program has been successful in maintaining high levels of diversity and avoiding problems associated with inbreeding. C1 [Bourgeois, A. Lelania; Rinderer, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Bourgeois, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM lanie.bourgeois@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1233 EP 1238 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700049 PM 19610443 ER PT J AU Montgomery, ME Bentz, SE Olsen, RT AF Montgomery, Michael E. Bentz, S. E. Olsen, Richard T. TI Evaluation of Hemlock (Tsuga) Species and Hybrids for Resistance to Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Using Artificial Infestation SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adelges tsugae; hemlock woolly adelgid; hybrid hemlock; host plant resistance ID EASTERN HEMLOCK; CANADENSIS; HOMOPTERA; DNA; TERPENOIDS; EVOLUTION; DENSITY; PLANTS AB Hemlock (Tsuga) species and hybrids were evaluated for resistance to the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). The adelgid was accidentally introduced from Asia to the eastern United States, where it is causing widespread mortality of the native hemlocks, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere and Tsuga caroliniana Engelm. These two native species plus the Asian species Tsuga chinensis (Franch.) E. Pritz and T. dumosa (D.Don) Eichler and Tsuga sieboldii Carriere, and the hybrids T. chinensis x T. caroliniana and T. chinensis x T. sieboldii, were artificially infested with the crawler stage of A. tsugae in the early spring 2006 and 2007. After 8 or 9 wk-when the spring (progrediens) generation would be mature-counts were made of the adelgid. In both years, the density of A. tsugae was highest on T. canadensis, T. caroliniana, and T. sieboldii; lowest on T. chinensis; and intermediate on the hybrids. On T. chinensis and the T. chinensis hybrids, fewer adelgids settled fewer of the settled adelgids survived, and the surviving adelgids grew slower. Thus, the nature of the host resistance is both nonpreference (antixenosis) and adverse effects on biology (antibiosis). Tree growth (height) was associated with resistance, but no association was found between time of budbreak and resistance that was independent of the taxa. Many of the hybrids grow well, have attractive form, and are promising as resistant landscape alternatives for the native hemlocks. C1 [Montgomery, Michael E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. [Bentz, S. E.; Olsen, Richard T.] US Natl Arboretum, USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Montgomery, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. EM memontgomery@fs.fed.us FU USDA Interagency [O5-IA-11242326-005] FX We thank Scott Talbott, Paul Millard, and Thomas Abell (U.S. National Arboretum) for dedicated maintenance of the plant material and data collection; Jason Biroscak, Gregg Bradford, and DeAdra Newman (U.S. Forest Service) for assistance with data collection; and Richard Casagrande and R. Talbot Trotter for helpful comments on earlier drafts. This research was funded in part by USDA Interagency Agreement O5-IA-11242326-005 between the Forest Service and Agricultural Research Service. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1247 EP 1254 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700051 PM 19610445 ER PT J AU Chen, YG Ni, XZ Cottrell, TE Wood, BW Buntin, GD AF Chen, Yigen Ni, Xinzhi Cottrell, Ted E. Wood, Bruce W. Buntin, G. David TI Changes of Oxidase and Hydrolase Activities in Pecan Leaves Elicited by Black Pecan Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Feeding SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catalase; esterase; lipoxygenase; lipoxygenase 1; peroxidase ID DIFFERENTIAL INDUCTION; OXIDATIVE RESPONSES; INDUCED RESISTANCE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; METHYL JASMONATE; PLANT DEFENSE; LIPOXYGENASE; COMPONENTS; HOMOPTERA; HERBIVORY AB The black pecan aphid, Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a foliar feeder of pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae). The pest causes chlorosis of leaflet lamina, physiological damage to foliage and trees, and commonly limits the profitability of commercial pecan orchard enterprises. However, key aspects of this host-pest interaction are poorly understood. We report here the effects of M. caryaefoliae feeding on the foliar activity of oxidative (i.e., catalase, lipoxygenase [LOX] -1 and 3, and peroxidase) and hydrolytic (i.e., esterase) enzymes in relation to the degree of aphid resistance among pecan varieties. The 2-yr study showed that M. caryaefoliae-infested foliage exhibited elevated peroxidase activity only in susceptible ('Desirable', 'Sumner', and 'Schley'), but not in resistant ('Cape Fear', 'Gloria Grande', and 'Money Maker') genotypes. Susceptible genotypes also exhibited more severe leaf chlorosis in response to M. caryaefoliae feeding than the resistant genotypes; however, the aphid feeding did not influence catalase or esterase activity in all varieties, except the increase of esterase activity in Desirable and Gloria Grande. Melanocallis caryaefoliae feeding also influences activity of two lipoxygenase isozymes, with LOX3 being more frequently induced than LOX1. Foliar LOX3 activity was more frequently induced by M. caryaefoliae feeding in the moderately resistant 'Oconee' and highly resistant Money Maker and Cape Fear than in the susceptible genotypes. Therefore, the elevation of peroxidase is likely to be associated with aphid susceptibility and contributed to the severe leaf chlorosis, whereas the increase of LOX3 activity might be associated with aphid resistance in pecan. These findings contribute to our understanding of the etiology of M. caryaefoliae-elicited leaf chlorosis on pecan foliage. Such information may also be used to develop enzyme markers for identifying black pecan aphid resistance and/or susceptibility in pecan germplasm. C1 [Ni, Xinzhi] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Chen, Yigen; Buntin, G. David] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA USA. [Cottrell, Ted E.; Wood, Bruce W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Ni, XZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM xinzhi.ni@ars.usda.gov RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1262 EP 1269 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700053 PM 19610447 ER PT J AU Charlet, LD Aiken, RM Miller, JF Seiler, GJ AF Charlet, Laurence D. Aiken, Robert M. Miller, Jerry F. Seiler, Gerald J. TI Resistance Among Cultivated Sunflower Germplasm to Stem-Infesting Pests in the Central Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sunflower; host plant resistance; Cylindrocopturus adspersus; Dectes texanus; Pelochrista womonana ID CYLINDROCOPTURUS-ADSPERSUS COLEOPTERA; DECTES-TEXANUS COLEOPTERA; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; PLANTING DATE; CURCULIONIDAE; WEEVIL; CERAMBYCIDAE; BEHAVIOR; BORER; TRANSMISSION AB A 7-yr field study evaluated 61 oilseed sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., accessions and 31 interspecific crosses for resistance to attack by naturally occurring populations of three stem-infesting pests, the sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae); a longhorned beetle, Dectes texanus LeConte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); and a root boring moth, Pelochrista womonana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), at two locations in the central Great Plains. Germplasm with potential sources of resistance to attack from all three stem-infesting species were revealed. Accessions PI 6.50558, PI 386230, and PI 431516 were consistent in averaging low densities of stem weevil larvae per stalk among lines tested, and PI 497939 exceeded 25 weevil larvae per stalk in only 1 yr of 5 yr of trials. Several interspecific crosses also had consistently low densities of C. adspersus larvae per stalk. Populations of both D. texanus and P. womonana were variable over years, but differences among the lines tested were evident in many trials, revealing potential for developing resistant germplasm. Four accessions (PI 386230, PI 431542, PI 650497, and PI 650558) had low, larval densities of C. adspersus and P. womonana in addition to reduced percentage infestation by D. texanus. Results showed potential for developing resistant genotypes for these pests. The prospect of adding host plant resistance as art integrated pest management (IPM) tactic would provide another tool for reducing economic losses from stem-infesting insect pests of sunflower in the central Great Plains. C1 [Charlet, Laurence D.; Miller, Jerry F.; Seiler, Gerald J.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Aiken, Robert M.] Kansas State Univ, NW Res Extens Ctr, Colby, KS 67701 USA. RP Charlet, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N,Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM larry.charlet@ars.usda.gov FU National Sunflower Association FX We thank Theresa Gross (USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND) for assistance in the laboratory, Mike Koch (Colorado State University, Akron, CO) for plot maintenance, Larry Dible (Kansas State University, Colby, KS) for planting and plot maintenance, and Ralph Wolf (Kansas State University, Colby, KS) for field sampling and data collection. The High Plains Committee of the National Sunflower Association and the National Sunflower Association provided a portion of the financial support for this project. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1281 EP 1290 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700055 PM 19610449 ER PT J AU Flint-Garcia, SA Dashiell, KE Prischmann, DA Bohn, MO Hibbard, BE AF Flint-Garcia, Sherry A. Dashiell, Kenton E. Prischmann, Deirdre A. Bohn, Martin O. Hibbard, Bruce E. TI Conventional Screening Overlooks Resistance Sources: Rootworm Damage of Diverse Inbred Lines and Their B73 Hybrids Is Unrelated SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; western corn rootworm; heterosis; native plant resistance ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; MAIZE HYBRIDS; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; LARVAL INJURY; CHRYSOMELIDAE; PHENOLOGY; NEBRASKA; SURVIVAL; YIELD AB The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte), is a major pest of maize, Zea mays L., in the United States and Europe, and it is likely to increase in importance as a trend toward increased nonrotated maize favors larger rootworm populations. Options for rootworm management in nonrotated maize in Europe and in nontransgenic "refuge" areas in countries that permit transgenic maize are limited to insecticides. Development of additional options for growers would be helpful. Screening maize germplasm (e.g., landraces, populations, inbreds) for native resistance to western corn rootworm is labor-intensive and is usually conducted on unfinished germplasm and not on hybrid materials. However, we have recently observed that topcrossed (hybrid) materials tend to have reduced western corn rootworm damage. To formally test whether rootworrn damage to inbreds and associated hybrids were correlated, we evaluated 25 diverse inbred lines and their B73 hybrids for western corn rootworm damage in seven environments. Overall, hybrids had significantly less damage than inbreds, but unfortunately, the correlation between inbreds and hybrids was not significant. These findings have important implications regarding screening germplasna for western corn rootworm resistance, namely, that inbred materials and perhaps populations should be topcrossed to form hybrid materials before screening for western corn rootworm damage to ensure that valuable sources of resistance to western corn rootworm are not missed during the screening process. C1 [Flint-Garcia, Sherry A.; Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dashiell, Kenton E.; Prischmann, Deirdre A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Bohn, Martin O.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bruce.hibbard@ars.usda.gov FU Hatch funds (University of Illinois); USDA-ARS FX We thank Julie Barry, Matt Higdon, and Tim Praiswater (USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO), and Dave Schneider and Jeff Olsen (USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD) for assistance in phenotypic evaluations. We also thank Jim Holland (USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC) and Ana Butron (Mision Biologica de Galicia, Pontevedra, Spain) for statistical guidance. This research was supported by Hatch funds (University of Illinois) and USDA-ARS. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1317 EP 1324 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700059 PM 19610453 ER PT J AU Opit, GP Throne, JE AF Opit, G. P. Throne, J. E. TI Population Growth and Development of the Psocid Liposcelis brunnea (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) at Constant Temperatures and Relative Humidities SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stored products; development rates; life history; grain ID BOSTRYCHOPHILA BADONNEL PSOCOPTERA; STORED PRODUCTS; REPRODUCTION; DYNAMICS; PHOSPHINE; GRAIN; PEST AB We studied the effects of temperature and relative humidity on population growth and development of the psocid Liposcelis brunnea Motschulsky. L. brunnea did not survive at 43% RH, but populations increased from 22.5 to 32.5 degrees C and 55-75% RH. Interestingly, we found population growth was higher at 63% RH than at 75% RH, and the greatest population growth was recorded at 32.5 degrees C and 63% RH. At 35 C, L. brunnea nymphal survivorship was 33%, and populations declined or barely grew. L. brunnea males have two to four nymphal instars, and the percentages of males with two, three, and four instars were 13, 82, and 5%, respectively. Female L. brunnea have three to five instars, and the percentages of females with three, four, and five instars were 18, 78, and 4%, respectively. The life cycle was shorter for males than females. We developed temperature-dependent development equations for male and female eggs, individual nymphal, combined nymphal, and combined immature stages and nymphal survivorship. The ability of L. brunnea to multiply rather rapidly at 55% RH may allow it to thrive under conditions of low relative humidity where other Liposcelis species may not. These data give us a better understanding of L. brunnea population dynamics and can be used to help develop effective management strategies for this psocid. C1 [Opit, G. P.; Throne, J. E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Opit, GP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM george.opit@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank A. Redmon, A. Prakash, and N. Kisangani for technical support; K. Giles, M. Nayak, Is4. Reiskind, and J. Talley for reviessing an earlier draft of this manuscript; E. Mockford for confirming the identity of L. brunnea; and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station for partial support. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1360 EP 1368 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700064 PM 19610458 ER PT J AU Opit, GP Throne, JE Flinn, PW AF Opit, G. P. Throne, J. E. Flinn, P. W. TI Temporospatial Distribution of the Psocids Liposcelis entomophila and L-decolor (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) in Steel Bins Containing Wheat SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE population dynamics; sampling; stored products ID BOSTRYCHOPHILA BADONNEL PSOCOPTERA; POPULATION-GROWTH; CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; STORED PRODUCTS; LEPINOTUS-RETICULATUS; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; ENDERLEIN PSOCOPTERA; TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PHOSPHINE AB We studied the temporospatial distribution of psocids in steel bins containing 32.6 tonnes of wheat in 2005 and 2006 in Manhattan, KS. Psocids were sampled in the top 0.9 to of wheat using a 1.2-m open-ended trier; samples were taken from the bin center and in the four cardinal directions at 0.1.5 and 0.76 to from the bin wall. In addition, a 2.4-m partitioned grain trier with 16 compartments was used to sample psocids from a 2-m-diameter circle in the center of the bins and to a depth of 1.96 m. Only two species of psocids were identified in the study: Liposcelis entomophila in 2005 and L. decolor in 2006. Densities of psocids were low immediately after bins were filled in July 2005, peaked in October, dropped to almost zero in December as temperatures decreased, and remained at low levels until the study was ended in March. In 2006, densities of psocids increased gradually from August to mid-October and declined until the study was ended in early November. During the fall, psocids were more abundant at the center of the bin and at lower depths. In October to November of both years, the temperatures and moisture contents of grain in the center also were higher than that in other locations. This is the first report of temporospatial distribution of psocids in steel bins of wheat. C1 [Opit, G. P.; Throne, J. E.; Flinn, P. W.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Opit, GP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 127 Noble Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM George.opit@okstate.edu RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1369 EP 1376 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700065 PM 19610459 ER PT J AU Opit, GP Throne, JE Flinn, PW AF Opit, G. P. Throne, J. E. Flinn, P. W. TI Evaluation of Five Sampling Methods for the Psocids Liposcelis entomophila and L-decolor (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) in Steel Bins Containing Wheat SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insector probe traps; population dynamics; cardboard refuges; stored products ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GRAIN PROTECTANTS; STORED PRODUCTS; BOSTRYCHOPHILA; PHOSPHINE; PEST AB An evaluation of five sampling methods for studying psocid population levels was conducted in two steel bins containing 32.6 tonnes of wheat in Manhattan, KS. Psocids were sampled using a 1.2-m open-ended trier, corrugated cardboard refuges placed on the underside of the bin hatch or the surface of the grain, and manual or automated electronic counts front Insector probe traps. Only two species were identified in this study: Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) in 2005 and L. decolor (Pearman) in 2006. In both years, psocid numbers started to increase in early September, peaked earliest in surface refuges, and peaked at nearly the same time in grain samples and manual and electronic Insector counts. No psocids were found in hatch refuges in December to February, although psocids were detected by the other sampling methods during this time. Numbers of psocids in the grain samples could be estimated from the numbers of psocids obtained using the cardboard refuges and In sector probe traps in both years. The results indicate that cardboard refuges or Insectors may provide an effective method for sampling psocids in bins of wheat. C1 [Opit, G. P.; Throne, J. E.; Flinn, P. W.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Opit, GP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 127 Noble Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM george.opit@okstate.edu RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 FU Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank B. Barnett, K. Friesen, A. Prakash, and A. Redmon for technical support and R. T. Arbogast, H. Melouk, E. Mockford, M. Nayak, and M. Reiskind for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. In addition, we extend our appreciation to E. Mockford, who confirmed the identity of L. entornophila and L. decolor, and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station for partial support. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1377 EP 1382 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700066 PM 19610460 ER PT J AU Michel, AP Zhang, W Jung, JK Kang, ST Mian, MAR AF Michel, Andrew P. Zhang, Wei Jung, Jin Kyo Kang, Sung-Taeg Mian, M. A. Rouf TI Cross-Species Amplification and Polymorphism of Microsatellite Loci in the Soybean Aphid, Aphis glycines SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soybean aphid; Aphis glycines; microsatellites; cross-species amplification ID FABAE SCOPOLI; NULL ALLELES; BLACK APHID AB We tested the utility of 18 previously characterized Aphis spp. microsatellite loci for polymorphism and differentiation among populations of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines. Loci were chosen from a closely related species (Aphis gossypii) and a more distantly related species (Aphis fabae). We found nine loci to be polymorphic among Korean and North American populations. Overall expected heterozygosity was moderate (average: 0.47; range: 0-1), although populations substantially differed in deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These loci will be valuable in characterizing population differentiation, migration and adaptation in an economically important pest of soybeans. C1 [Michel, Andrew P.; Zhang, Wei] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Jung, Jin Kyo; Kang, Sung-Taeg] RDA, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Suwon 441857, South Korea. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Michel, AP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM michel.70@osu.edu RI Michel, Andrew/B-5329-2012 FU OARDC; The Ohio State University; Ohio Soybean Council [08-2-08] FX We thank D. Ragsdale, Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, for collecting and sending the Minnesota soybean aphids; M. Elena and T. Joobeur at Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center at OARDC for technical support; and two anonymous reviewers for comments. Funding was provided through OARDC, The Ohio State University, and the Ohio Soybean Council Grant OSC 08-2-08. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1389 EP 1392 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700068 PM 19610462 ER PT J AU Chen, J AF Chen, J. TI Automatic System for Continuously Monitoring Digging Volume of Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE excavated volume; digging dynamics; Solenopsis invicta ID EXCAVATION AB In studying the dynamics of ant nest excavation, the nest volume has to be continuously monitored. In many laboratory studies, the excavated substrate, such as sand, was collected, and the volume of excavation was calculated by converting the weight of the collected sand into the volume. The excavated sand can be manually collected and weighed; however, manual collection is tedious, particularly when frequent collections have to be performed for a period of several days. Manual collection may also introduce disturbance to the ants. The volume of excavation can also be monitored using a video system by transferring images into volume data. Unfortunately, it requires sophisticated software customization. A simple automatic system for continuously collecting and weighing the excavated sand is described. This system does not disturb the ants while collecting data and requires no software customization. It can display the digging curves while it is still collecting data. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jian.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1393 EP 1395 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 453VT UT WOS:000266641700069 PM 19610463 ER PT J AU Foltz, RB Copeland, NS Elliot, WJ AF Foltz, R. B. Copeland, N. S. Elliot, W. J. TI Reopening abandoned forest roads in northern Idaho, USA: Quantification of runoff, sediment concentration, infiltration, and interrill erosion parameters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Saturated hydraulic conductivity; Brushed-in road; Abandoned road; Erosion; Interrill erodibility ID RAINFALL SIMULATION; ERODIBILITY; GENERATION; THAILAND; VALIDATION; PREDICTION; CATCHMENT; MODELS; IMPACT; SOILS AB This study measured runoff and sediment concentration from the tire track and from the non-tire track to determine infiltration, interrill erodibility, and vegetative cover impacts of reopening an abandoned forest road. Runoff was lowest on the non-track portion of the abandoned road and highest on the reopened road. Sediment concentrations were significantly higher on the reopened road. Increased sediment concentrations were attributed to decreased vegetative cover, rather than traffic-induced changes in the physical soil properties of the reopened road. Thirty years of no traffic and vegetation regrowth was not sufficient to allow recovery of infiltration to values similar to an undisturbed forest. The study also found a significant dynamic behavior in interrill erodibility with respect to antecedent rainfall. Forest road erosion models that fail to account for this change will overestimate sediment yields. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Foltz, R. B.; Copeland, N. S.; Elliot, W. J.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Foltz, RB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM rfoltz@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 2542 EP 2550 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.014 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463ST UT WOS:000267453100024 PM 19264387 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Endale, DM Schomberg, HH Hartel, PG Cabrera, ML AF Jenkins, Michael B. Endale, Dinku M. Schomberg, Harry H. Hartel, Peter G. Cabrera, Miguel L. TI 17 beta-Estradiol and testosterone in drainage and runoff from poultry litter applications to tilled and no-till crop land under irrigation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Conventional-tillage; Drainage; Estradiol; Irrigation; No-till; Runoff; Testosterone ID 17 BETA-ESTRADIOL; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; SOUTHERN PIEDMONT; STEROID-HORMONES; SEX-HORMONES; ESTROGENS; MANURE; DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Thirteen metric tons of poultry litter are produced annually by poultry producers in the U.S. Poultry litter contains the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, endocrine disruptors that have been detected in surface waters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of poultry litter applications on estradiol and testosterone concentrations in subsurface drainage and surface runoff in irrigated crop land under no-till and conventional-till management. We conducted an irrigation study in fall of 2001 and spring of 2002. Four treatments, no-till plus poultry litter, conventional-till plus poultry litter, no-till plus conventional fertilizer, and conventional-till plus conventional fertilizer, were evaluated. Flow-weighted concentration and load ha(-1) of the two hormones were measured in drainage and runoff. Soil concentrations of estradiol and testosterone were measured. Based on comparisons to the conventional fertilizer (and control) treatments, poultry litter did not add to the flow-weighted concentration or load ha-1 of either estradiol or testosterone in subsurface drainage or surface runoff. Significant differences were, however, observed between tillage treatments: flow-weighted concentrations of estradiol were greater for no-till than conventional-till plots of the June irrigation; and runoff loads of both estradiol and testosterone were less from no-till than conventional-till plots for the November irrigation. Although the differences between no-till and conventional-tillage appeared to affect the hydrologic transport of both hormones, the differences appeared to have inconsequential environmental impact. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jenkins, Michael B.; Endale, Dinku M.; Schomberg, Harry H.] USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Hartel, Peter G.; Cabrera, Miguel L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM michael.jenkins@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; CSREES National Research Initiative Grant. FX The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dwight Semens for his expert statistical analysis, Shaheen Humayoun, Stephen Norris, Robin Woodroof, William Schl-Itze, and Stephanie Steed for their expert technical assistance. This study was supported in part by a USDA, CSREES National Research Initiative Grant. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 2659 EP 2664 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.02.003 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463ST UT WOS:000267453100037 PM 19269082 ER PT J AU Hammer, RB Stewart, SI Hawbaker, TJ Radeloff, VC AF Hammer, Roger B. Stewart, Susan I. Hawbaker, Todd J. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Housing growth, forests, and public lands in Northern Wisconsin from 1940 to 2000 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Housing growth; Rural sprawl; Public lands; Forest fragmentation ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; POPULATION-GROWTH; OPEN SPACE; RESIDENTIAL PREFERENCES; DEMOGRAPHIC-CHANGE; UPPER MIDWEST; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; COVER; ROADS AB Rural, forested areas throughout the United States are experiencing strong housing growth with potentially detrimental impacts on the environment. In this paper, we quantify housing growth in Northern Wisconsin over the last sixty years to determine if growth rates were higher near public lands, which may represent an important recreational amenity. We used data from the U.S. Census to produce decadal housing density estimates, "backcasts," from 1940 to 2000 for northern Wisconsin to examine "rural sprawl" in northern Wisconsin and its relationship to forested areas and public lands. We integrated housing density estimates with the 1992/1993 National Land Cover Dataset to examine the relationship between rural sprawl and land cover, especially forests. Between 1940 and 2000, private land with <2 housing units/km(2) decreased from 47% to 21% of the total landscape. Most importantly, housing growth was concentrated along the boundaries of public lands. In 14 of the 19 counties that we studied, housing growth rates within 1 km of a public land boundary exceeded growth rates in the remainder of the county, and three of the five counties that did not exhibit this pattern, were the ones with the least amount of public land. Future growth can be expected in areas with abundant natural amenities, highlighting the critical need for additional research and effective natural resource management and regional planning to address these challenges. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hammer, Roger B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Hawbaker, Todd J.; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. RP Hammer, RB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, 312 Fairbanks Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rhammer@oregonstate.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 69 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 2690 EP 2698 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.02.012 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463ST UT WOS:000267453100041 PM 19329243 ER PT J AU Wilske, B Lu, N Wei, L Chen, SP Zha, TG Liu, CF Xu, WT Noormets, A Huang, JH Wei, YF Chen, J Zhang, ZQ Ni, J Sun, G Guo, K McNulty, S John, R Han, XG Lin, GH Chen, JQ AF Wilske, Burkhard Lu, Nan Wei, Long Chen, Shiping Zha, Tonggang Liu, Chenfeng Xu, Wenting Noormets, Asko Huang, Jianhui Wei, Yafen Chen, Jun Zhang, Zhiqiang Ni, Jian Sun, Ge Guo, Kirk McNulty, Steve John, Ranjeet Han, Xingguo Lin, Guanghui Chen, Jiquan TI Poplar plantation has the potential to alter the water balance in semiarid Inner Mongolia SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Semiarid; Evapotranspiration; Poplar plantation; Water balance ID COLORADO RIVER; SAP FLOW; POPULUS-FREMONTII; CHINA; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; COTTONWOOD; GROWTH; FOREST; TREES; TRANSPIRATION AB Poplar plantation is the most dominant broadleaf forest type in northern China. Since the mid-1990s plantation was intensified to combat desertification along China's northwestern border, i.e., within Inner Mongolia (IM). This evoked much concern regarding the ecological and environmental effects on areas that naturally grow grass or shrub vegetation. To highlight potential consequences of large-scale poplar plantations on the water budget within semiarid IM, we compared the growing season water balance (evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation (PPT)) of a 3-yr old poplar plantation (Kp(3)) and a natural shrubland (Ks) in the Kubuqi Desert in western IM, and a 6-yr old poplar plantation (Bp(6)) growing under sub-humid climate near Beijing. The results showed that, despite 33% lower PPT at Kp(3), ET was 2% higher at Kp(3) (228 mm) as compared with Ks (223 mm) in May-September 2006. The difference derived mainly from higher ET at the plantation during drier periods of the growing season, which also indicated that the poplars must have partly transpired groundwater. Estimated growing season ET at Bp(6) was about 550 mm and more than 100% higher than at Kp(3). It is estimated that increases in leaf area index and net radiation at Kp(3) provide future potential for the poplars in Kubuqi to exceed the present ET and ET of the natural shrubland by 100-200%. These increases in ET are only possible through the permanent use of groundwater either directly by the trees or through increased irrigation. This may significantly change the water balance in the area (e.g., high ET at the cost of a reduction in the water table), which renders large-scale plantations a questionable tool in sustainable arid-land management. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilske, Burkhard; Lu, Nan; John, Ranjeet; Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Wei, Long; Chen, Shiping; Xu, Wenting; Huang, Jianhui; Wei, Yafen; Ni, Jian; Guo, Kirk; Han, Xingguo; Lin, Guanghui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Key State Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Wei, Long; Wei, Yafen] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Zha, Tonggang; Liu, Chenfeng; Chen, Jun; Zhang, Zhiqiang] Beijing Forestry Univ, Water & Soil Conservat Coll, Key Lab Soil & Water Conservat & Desertificat Com, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Noormets, Asko; Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steve] US Forest Serv, So Global Climate Change Program, USDA, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Ni, Jian] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Wilske, B (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Mail Stop 604, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM Burkhard.Wilske@utoledo.edu; ghlin@ibcas.ac.cn RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Han, Xingguo/B-3980-2012; Ni, Jian/I-7067-2012; John, Ranjeet/J-2082-2015; Han, Xingguo/K-7552-2016 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; Ni, Jian/0000-0001-5411-7050; John, Ranjeet/0000-0002-0150-8450; Han, Xingguo/0000-0002-1836-975X FU Northern Eurasia Earth Science Program (NEESPI); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NN-H-04-Z-YS-005-N]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-SW-127]; Institute of Botany; US-China Carbon Consortium (USCCC) FX The study was conducted as part of the Northern Eurasia Earth Science Program (NEESPI) and supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Grant (NEWS 2004 NRA: NN-H-04-Z-YS-005-N) of the Land-Cover/Land-Use Program, a -100 Talents" Project to GH Lin and a Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-SW-127), financial support for the two eddy towers in Kubuqi from the Institute of Botany, CAS, and the US-China Carbon Consortium (USCCC), which promotes collaborative research among institutions in the US and China. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 2762 EP 2770 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.03.004 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463ST UT WOS:000267453100049 PM 19375215 ER PT J AU Foltz, JR Plant, KP Overturf, K Clemens, K Powell, MS AF Foltz, J. R. Plant, K. P. Overturf, K. Clemens, K. Powell, M. S. TI Detection of Nucleospora salmonis in steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Nucleospora salmonis; quantitative PCR; steelhead trout ID CHINOOK SALMON; INTRANUCLEAR MICROSPORIDIUM; RAINBOW-TROUT; TSHAWYTSCHA; PCR; INFECTIONS; LEUKEMIA; HEDRICK; DNA C1 [Foltz, J. R.; Plant, K. P.; Powell, M. S.] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. [Overturf, K.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. [Clemens, K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fish Hlth Ctr, Orofino, ID USA. RP Powell, MS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID USA. EM mpowell@uidaho.edu RI Powell, Madison/H-7050-2014 OI Powell, Madison/0000-0002-1851-3168 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation EPSCoR [0447689] FX The authors wish to acknowledge Brian Kenworthy and the Hagerman National Fish Hatchery for their assistance in sample collection. This work was accomplished with support from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and by a National Science Foundation EPSCoR grant (#0447689) to MSP. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 6 BP 551 EP 555 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.00995.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 448DL UT WOS:000266243200008 PM 19538644 ER PT J AU Li, BZ Wang, LJ Li, D Bhandari, B Li, SJ Lan, YB Chen, XD Mao, ZH AF Li, Bing-Zheng Wang, Li-Jun Li, Dong Bhandari, Bhesh Li, Shu-Jun Lan, Yubin Chen, Xiao Dong Mao, Zhi-Huai TI Fabrication of starch-based microparticles by an emulsification-crosslinking method SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Starch-based microparticle; Water-in-water emulsification; Crosslinking; Plackett-Burman; Particle size ID IN-VITRO; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; SCREENING DESIGN; DROPLET SIZE; MICROSPHERES; MICROENCAPSULATION; MALTODEXTRIN; DELIVERY; CARRIERS; TAPIOCA AB In this study, starch-based microparticles (MPs) fabricated by a water-in-water (w/w) emulsification-crosslinking method could be used as a controlled release delivery vehicle for food bioactives. Due to the processing route without the use of toxic organic solvents, it is expected that these microparticles can be used as delivery vehicles for controlled release of food bioactives. Octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) starch was used as raw material. Optical microscopy showed OSA starch-based microparticles (OSA-MPs) had a good dispersibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed OSA-MPs had a solid structure and spherical shape. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that OSA-MPs were of amorphous structure. A Plackett-Burman screening design methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of the process and formulation parameters on the particle size of OSA-MPs. Considering the statistical analysis of the results, it appeared that the OSA starch concentration (P = 0.0146), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecular weight (P = 0.0155), volume ratio of dispersed phase/continuous phase (P = 0.0204) and PEG concentration (P = 0.0230) had significant effect on particle size. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Bing-Zheng; Li, Dong; Chen, Xiao Dong; Mao, Zhi-Huai] China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Wang, Li-Jun] China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Bhandari, Bhesh] Univ Queensland, Sch Land & Food Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Li, Shu-Jun] Chinese Acad Agr Mechanizat Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lan, Yubin] USDA ARS SPARC APMRU, College Stn, TX USA. [Chen, Xiao Dong] Monash Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Li, D (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM dongli@cau.edu.cn; lisj@caams.org.cn RI Bhandari, Bhesh/B-7043-2012 OI Bhandari, Bhesh/0000-0001-8800-6295 FU Science and Technology Support Project of China [2006BAD05A0401, 2006BAD11A0902]; Science and Technology Research Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education [105014]; High Technology Research and Development Project of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2006AA10256-02]; Research and Development Fund for University's Doctoral Discipline of the Chinese Ministry of Education [20050019029] FX Research support was provided by the Science and Technology Support Project of China (Nos. 2006BAD05A0401 and 2006BAD11A0902), the Science and Technology Research Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No. 105014), the High Technology Research and Development Project of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2006AA10256-02), and the Research and Development Fund for University's Doctoral Discipline of the Chinese Ministry of Education (No. 20050019029). The authors thank Zhi-Xiong Jin of National Starch and Chemical (Shanghai) Ltd., for kindly donating CAPSUL. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 3 BP 250 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.08.011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 422YD UT WOS:000264462700002 ER PT J AU Kalchayanand, N Brichta-Harhay, DM Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Guerini, MN Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Kalchayanand, Norasak Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Guerini, Michael N. Wheeler, Tommy L. Shackelford, Steven D. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Prevalence Rates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella at Different Sampling Sites on Cattle Hides at a Feedlot and Processing Plant SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID AEROBIC-BACTERIA; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; ORAL-CAVITY; BEEF-CATTLE; O157-H7; CARCASSES; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; FECES; SURFACES AB The prevalence rates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella at different sampling sites on cattle hides were determined at a feedlot and a processing plant. Sponge samples were collected from six hide surface sites at the feedlot (left and right shoulders, left and right ribs, back, and belly) and four sites at the processing plant (left and right shoulders, back, and belly). The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was approximately 80% for left and right shoulder and rib samples, 68% for back samples, and 92% for belly samples collected at the feedlot. At the processing plant, the prevalences of E. coli O157:H7 at all four sites were between 76 and 79%. Salmonella prevalence in feedlot samples was too low to allow for accurate analysis. The prevalence of Salmonella at processing was 49% for left shoulder samples, 49% for right shoulder samples, 40% for back samples, and 68% for belly samples. The results of this study indicate that the site most likely to be naturally contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella simultaneously was the belly. C1 [Kalchayanand, Norasak; Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M.; Arthur, Terrance M.; Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Guerini, Michael N.; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Shackelford, Steven D.; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kalchayanand, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM norasak.kalchayanand@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1271 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 457TJ UT WOS:000266956000014 PM 19610338 ER PT J AU Bosilevac, JM Arthur, TM Bono, JL Brichta-Harhay, DM Kalchayanand, N King, DA Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Bosilevac, Joseph M. Arthur, Terrance M. Bono, James L. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Kalchayanand, Norasak King, David A. Shackelford, Steve D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Prevalence and Enumeration of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in US Abattoirs that Process Fewer than 1,000 Head of Cattle per Day SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IN-GROUND BEEF; DIRECT PLATING METHODS; O157-H7; SLAUGHTER; CARCASSES; PLANTS; HIDES; CONTAMINATION; INTERVENTIONS; DECONTAMINATION AB A significant portion (15 to 20%) of beef in the United States is produced in small beef processing plants that harvest fewer than 1,000 cattle per day. However, there are little data on the prevalence and levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in these processing plants. To address this lack of data, hides (n = 1,995) and carcasses (it = 1,995) of cattle at seven small processing plants located across the United States were analyzed for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. Across all plants, hide prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella was 71 and 91%, respectively. Twelve percent of hides had E. coli O157:H7 at enumerable levels (>= 40 CFU/100 cm(2)), while 36% of hides had Salmonella at enumerable levels. Across all plants, the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on preevisceration carcasses was 33%, with 2% at an enumerable level (>= 0.8 CFU/100 cm(2)). Across all plants, Salmonella prevalence on preevisceration carcasses was 58%, with 8% at an enumerable level. Significant plant-to-plant variations in levels and prevalence of pathogens on carcasses were detected. Reduced levels of pathogens on carcasses were noted among small processors that had incorporated a hide-directed intervention. The results obtained are comparable to those observed previously for larger processors, showing that smaller beef processors face and address the same challenges as do larger beef processors. C1 [Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Arthur, Terrance M.; Bono, James L.; Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M.; Kalchayanand, Norasak; King, David A.; Shackelford, Steve D.; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Bosilevac, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM mick.bosilevac@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU Beef Checkoff FX We thank the participating beef processors. Scientific analysis and support was supplied by Dr. Michael Guerini. Technical Support was supplied by Greg Smith, Bruce Jasch, Frank Reno, Julie Dyer, and Casey Trambly. Secretarial support was supplied by Debbie Kummer. This project was funded, in part, by the Beef Checkoff. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1272 EP 1278 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 457TJ UT WOS:000266956000015 PM 19610339 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Berrang, ME Fedorka-Cray, PJ Buhr, RJ AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Berrang, M. E. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Buhr, R. J. TI Campylobacter coli Naturally Resistant to Elevated Levels of Gentamicin as a Marker Strain in Poultry Research SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; BROILER-CHICKENS; COMMERCIAL BROILERS; SALMONELLA SEROVARS; ECOMETRIC TECHNIQUE; UNITED-STATES; BREEDER HENS; FOOD SAFETY; JEJUNI AB Campylobacter inoculation studies are limited without a suitable marker strain. The purpose of this study was to screen Campylobacter strains (n = 2,073) obtained from poultry carcass rinses through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Antimicrobial Resistant Monitoring System for resistance to gentamicin and evaluate one strain's efficacy as a marker. A C. coli strain was found resistant to gentamicin at >32 mu g/ml. Gentamicin was incorporated into media (Campy-Cefex agar, Brucella agar, and blood agar) from 0 to 1,000 mu g/ml, and the upper level of gentamicin resistance was determined. C. coli strain's upper level of growth on Campy-Cefex plates, blood agar plates, and Brucella agar plates was 400, 300, and 200 mu g/ml, respectively. Ceca and postpick carcass rinses were obtained and streaked onto Campy-Cefex agar at the above gentamicin levels to evaluate background microflora exclusion. Campy-Cefex agar containing gentamicin at 100 mu g/ml prevented from the ceca, and reduced from the rinse, background microflora. The C. coli strain was orally or intracloacally inoculated into chicks. At 1, 3, and 6 weeks of age, inoculated broilers were removed and several tissue types sampled for the presence of the marker strain. At 6 weeks of age, 10 additional noninoculated penmates were sampled. The C. coli strain colonized chicks, disseminated to body tissues, colonized penmates, and persisted throughout the 6-week grow-out. The C. coli strain's unique characteristic, being resistant to high levels of gentamicin, allows for a marker that can be used in a wide range of Campylobacter research projects. C1 [Cox, N. A.; Richardson, L. J.; Buhr, R. J.] USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Berrang, M. E.; Fedorka-Cray, P. J.] USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM nelson.cox@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1288 EP 1292 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 457TJ UT WOS:000266956000018 PM 19610342 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Levin, CE Choi, SH Lee, SU Kozukue, N AF Friedman, Mendel Levin, Carol E. Choi, Suk-Hyun Lee, Seung-Un Kozukue, Nobuyuki TI Changes in the Composition of Raw Tea Leaves from the Korean Yabukida Plant during High-Temperature Processing to Pan-Fried Kamairi-Cha Green Tea SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE catechin; Kamairi-cha; pan-fried; tea; theanine ID COOKED GROUND-BEEF; L-THEANINE; BLACK TEA; CATECHINS; EXTRACTS; THEAFLAVINS; ACRYLAMIDE; CARCINOGENESIS; ODORANTS; CAFFEINE AB To develop a better understanding of compositional changes occurring during the production of commercial teas, we determined by high-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) changes in ingredient levels during each of several manufacturing steps used to produce Kamairi-cha, a premium green tea. Kamairi-cha uses pan-frying instead of the usual blanching technique to inactivate the enzymes responsible for producing traditional black tea. The resulting tea lacks the characteristic bitterness of green tea, producing a green tea that is described as sweet tasting. The processing steps used to produce this pan-fried tea were as follows: 1st roasting, 1st rolling, 2nd roasting, 2nd rolling, 1st firing, and 2nd firing. The results show that during production at temperatures up to 300 degrees C, raw leaves lost ( in percent) 97.3 water, 94 two chlorophylls, 14.3 seven catechins, and 2.75 caffeine. A separate analysis showed that the final product contained 21.67 mg/g dry wt of the biologically active amino acid theanine. The results of this 1st report on changes in individual catechins and other tea ingredients in tea leaves during pan-frying make it possible to select production conditions that maximize levels of beneficial tea ingredients. The possible significance of the results for the human diet is discussed. C1 [Friedman, Mendel; Levin, Carol E.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Choi, Suk-Hyun] Seowon Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Lee, Seung-Un; Kozukue, Nobuyuki] Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyeongju, Gyongbuk, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2009 VL 74 IS 5 BP C406 EP C412 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01185.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 447GK UT WOS:000266179400013 PM 19646035 ER PT J AU Toma, A Omary, MB Marquart, LF Arndt, EA Rosentrater, KA Burns-Whitmore, B Kessler, L Hwan, K Sandoval, A Sung, A AF Toma, A. Omary, M. B. Marquart, L. F. Arndt, E. A. Rosentrater, K. A. Burns-Whitmore, B. Kessler, L. Hwan, K. Sandoval, A. Sung, A. TI Children's Acceptance, Nutritional, and Instrumental Evaluations of Whole Grain and Soluble Fiber Enriched Foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE children; plate waste; school lunch; soluble fiber; whole grain ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY FIBER; BARLEY FLOUR; BREAKFAST CEREALS; PLATE WASTE; SCHOOL; RISK; MEN; CONSUMPTION; QUALITY AB The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 report recommends 3 or more daily ounce-equivalents of whole grains (WG), and the FDA suggests consumption of 25 g of total dietary fiber (TDF) and 6 g of soluble fiber (SF) for a 2000-calorie diet. Efforts to increase the consumption of WG and SF among elementary school-aged children are needed. The objectives of this study were to examine the consumption of WG-and SF-enriched burritos and cookies among elementary school-aged children and to perform a quality evaluation of all products. Children in grades K to 6 from a local elementary school consumed control (CTR) products made with refined flour along with the test products (TRT) over a 13-wk period. TRT burritos and cookies contained 51% and 100% WG, respectively. CTR and TRT products were served on 3 and 4 different Fridays, respectively. Children's consumption was determined via plate waste. Quality parameters such as texture, color, water activity, weight, and product dimensions were also measured. No significant differences in consumption between CTR and TRT burritos and cookies were found (36% and 90%, respectively). Texture (area) was higher for CTR burritos compared with TRT burritos (1.31 and 0.66 kg-s, respectively). CTR burritos were lighter than TRT burritos with L* values of 80.04 and 64.61, respectively. CTR cookies required a higher breaking force (3.14 compared with 0.58 kg), were lighter than TRT cookies (63.18 compared with 50.27), and had lower water activity (0.5 compared with 0.71). C1 [Toma, A.; Omary, M. B.; Burns-Whitmore, B.; Kessler, L.; Hwan, K.; Sandoval, A.; Sung, A.] Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Marquart, L. F.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Arndt, E. A.] ConAgra Foods Inc, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. [Rosentrater, K. A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Omary, MB (reprint author), Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 3801 W Temple Ave, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. EM mboteroomary@csupomona.edu OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU Agriculture Research Initiative; ConAgra Foods Inc. FX The authors would like to extend their appreciation to the Agriculture Research Initiative and ConAgra Foods Inc., for funds provided to support this project; to the staff from the Pomona Unified School District for their support, especially Heather Sloan (PUSD Nutritionist), Jane Stallings (PUSD Nutrition Services Director), and Patricia Savage (Principal at Neil Armstrong Elementary School); Sue Winner, Corrine McKinney, and Anthony Saucedo; to Wallace Yokoyama and Liomeng Lee for the beta-glucan analysis; and to Broc Sandelin for his assistance with the experimental design. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2009 VL 74 IS 5 BP H139 EP H146 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01165.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 447GK UT WOS:000266179400034 PM 19646047 ER PT J AU Azeredo, HMC Mattoso, LHC Wood, D Williams, TG Avena-Bustillos, RJ McHugh, TH AF Azeredo, Henriette M. C. Mattoso, Luiz Henrique C. Wood, Delilah Williams, Tina G. Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. McHugh, Tara H. TI Nanocomposite Edible Films from Mango Puree Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibers SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE edible film; food packaging; mechanical properties; nanofibers; nanotechnology ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; PLASTICIZED STARCH; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; BARRIER PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE FILMS; WHISKERS; BIOCOMPOSITES AB Cellulose nanoreinforcements have been used to improve mechanical and barrier properties of biopolymers, whose performance is usually poor when compared to those of synthetic polymers. Nanocomposite edible films have been developed by adding cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in different concentrations (up to 36 g/100 g) as nanoreinforcement to mango puree based edible films. The effect of CNF was studied in terms of tensile properties, water vapor permeability, and glass transition temperature (T(g)) of the nanocomposite films. CNF were effective in increasing tensile strength, and its effect on Young's modulus was even more noticeable, especially at higher concentrations, suggesting the formation of a fibrillar network within the matrix. The addition of CNF was also effective to improve water vapor barrier of the films. Its influence on T(g) was small but significant. The study demonstrated that the properties of mango puree edible films can be significantly improved through CNF reinforcement. C1 [Azeredo, Henriette M. C.] EMBRAPA Trop Agroind, BR-60511110 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Mattoso, Luiz Henrique C.] EMBRAPA Agr Instrumentat, LNNA, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Wood, Delilah; Williams, Tina G.; Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.; McHugh, Tara H.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Azeredo, HMC (reprint author), EMBRAPA Trop Agroind, R Dra Sara Mesquita 2270, BR-60511110 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM ette@cnpat.embrapa.br RI Frutos tropicais, Inct/J-8212-2013; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016; OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014; Azeredo, Henriette/0000-0002-9295-4682 FU CNPq; FINEP; ARS/Embrapa-Labex program; EMBRAPA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by CNPq, FINEP, and ARS/Embrapa-Labex program. They would like also to extend their most sincere appreciation to Peter H. Cooke Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pa., U.S.A.), for his helpful assistance in the image analyses, as well to FMC, for having provided several samples of cellulose nanofibers for the experiment. The 1st author thanks EMBRAPA for the scholarship provided, and the Processed Food Research unit of the USDA for their support to this study. NR 54 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2009 VL 74 IS 5 BP N31 EP N35 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01186.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 447GK UT WOS:000266179400030 PM 19646052 ER PT J AU Abt, KL Prestemon, JP Gebert, KM AF Abt, Karen L. Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Gebert, Krista M. TI Wildfire Suppression Cost Forecasts for the US Forest Service SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE expenditures; budget; wildland fire management ID UNITED-STATES; FIRE; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; AREA AB The US Forest Service and other land-management agencies seek better tools for anticipating future expenditures for wildfire suppression. We developed regression models for forecasting US Forest Service suppression spending at 1-, 2-, and 3-year lead times. We compared these models to another readily available forecast model, the 10-year moving average model, and found that the regression models do a better job of forecasting the expenditures for all three time horizons. When evaluated against the historical data, our models were particularly better at forecasting the more recent years (2000-2007) than the less sophisticated models. The regression models also allowed us to generate, using simulation methods, forecast statistics such as the means, medians, and confidence intervals of costs. These additional statistics provide policymakers, wildfire managers, and planners more information than a single forecast value. C1 [Abt, Karen L.; Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gebert, Krista M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Abt, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kabt@fs.fed.us; jprestemon@fs.fed.us; kgebert@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 173 EP 178 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 458QA UT WOS:000267037400003 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE Tomppo, E Schadauer, K Vidal, C Stahl, G Chirici, G Lanz, A Cienciala, E Winter, S Smith, WB AF McRoberts, Ronald E. Tomppo, Erkki Schadauer, Klemens Vidal, Claude Stahl, Goran Chirici, Gherardo Lanz, Adrian Cienciala, Emil Winter, Susanne Smith, W. Brad TI Harmonizing National Forest Inventories SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon; COST Action E43; definitions; European Union; forest biodiversity; North American Forest Commission ID STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; CARBON AB National forest inventories are a primary source of data for national and large area assessments of sustainability and biodiversity and for international forest resource reporting. However, the ability of countries to produce compatible estimates using these data is impeded by the diversity of their national inventory definitions, sampling designs, plot configurations, measured variables, and measurement protocols. In addition, because the differing features of these inventories have historical, commercial, and environmental justification, prospects for standardizing inventories are minimal. The best current alternative is to harmonize estimates, a process that focuses on developing methods for producing compatibility despite the different inventory features. Action E43 (COST E43, 2008, Harmonization of national forest inventories in Europe: Techniques for common reporting, Available at online at www.metla.fi/eu/cost/e43/index.html; last accessed May 2008) of the European program, Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST), has focused on developing harmonization methods for European inventories in three areas: harmonized definitions, harmonized estimation procedures for carbon pools, and harmonized indicators for biodiversity assessments. The Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the US Forest Service has participated in COST Action E43 and has provided data for testing proposed harmonization methods. Although considerable progress has been made in developing methods to facilitate harmonization, considerable work still remains. C1 [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Tomppo, Erkki] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Vantaa, Finland. [Schadauer, Klemens] Res & Training Ctr Forests Nat Hazards & Landscap, Vienna, Austria. [Vidal, Claude] French Natl Forest Inventory, Nogent Sur Vernisson, France. [Stahl, Goran] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Chirici, Gherardo] Univ Molise, Isernia, Italy. [Lanz, Adrian] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Inventory Design & Sampling Strategies Res Grp, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Cienciala, Emil] IFER Ltd, Jilove, Czech Republic. [Winter, Susanne] Tech Univ Munich, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Smith, W. Brad] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us; erkki-tomppo@metla.fi; klemens.schadauer@bfw.gv.at; cvidal@ifn.fr; goran.stahl@srh.slu.se; gherardo.chirici@unimol.it; adrian.lanz@wsl.ch; cienciala@ifer.cz; winter@wzw.tum.de; bsmith12@fs.fed.us RI Cienciala, Emil/F-1873-2011; Chirici, Gherardo/E-6364-2010 OI Cienciala, Emil/0000-0002-1254-4254; Chirici, Gherardo/0000-0002-0669-5726 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 179 EP 187 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 458QA UT WOS:000267037400004 ER PT J AU Kline, JD Mazzotta, MJ Patterson, TM AF Kline, Jeffrey D. Mazzotta, Marisa J. Patterson, Trista M. TI Toward a Rational Exuberance for Ecosystem Services Markets SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE land-use change; ecosystem protection; open space preservation; forest amenities ID OPEN SPACE; GOODS AB Ecosystem services markets have become a popular topic among environmental policymakers and ecosystem protection advocates. Their proponents view markets as a promising new way to finance conservation of threatened ecosystems worldwide at a time when the need for additional protection seems especially critical. Their advocates in forestry promise that such markets will soon offer new financial opportunities to forest landowners to augment or even replace income from the sale of timber, thereby increasing financial incentives for landowners to retain land in forests. But what is the real promise in ecosystem services markets and what can realistically be achieved by their implementation? We provide an overview of how environmental markets work in theory and discuss several issues that influence how effective they can be. We conclude that the promise of ecosystem services markets greatly depends on the particular circumstances of program implementation, including what services are to be traded and whether they are amenable to trading, the ability to enact and enforce regulation sufficient to induce trading, and how expected program results compare with those likely to arise from other conservation policy approaches. C1 [Kline, Jeffrey D.; Patterson, Trista M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mazzotta, Marisa J.] MJ Mazzotta Ltd, Charleston, RI 02813 USA. RP Kline, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jkline@fs.fed.us; Marisa@mjmazzotta.com; impatterson@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 204 EP 212 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 458QA UT WOS:000267037400007 ER PT J AU Langendoen, EJ Wells, RR Thomas, RE Simon, A Bingner, RL AF Langendoen, Eddy J. Wells, Robert R. Thomas, Robert E. Simon, Andrew Bingner, Ronald L. TI Modeling the Evolution of Incised Streams. III: Model Application SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FORMULATION AB Incision and the ensuing widening of alluvial stream channels represent important forms of channel adjustment. Two accompanying papers have presented a robust computational model for simulating the long-term evolution of incised and restored or rehabilitated stream corridors. This work reports on applications of the model to two incised streams in northern Mississippi, James Creek, and the Yalobusha River, to assess: (1) its capability to simulate the temporal progression of incised streams through the different stages of channel evolution; and (2) model performance when available input data regarding channel geometry and physical properties of channel boundary materials are limited (in the case of James Creek). Model results show that temporal changes in channel geometry are satisfactorily simulated. The mean absolute deviation (MAD) between observed and simulated changes in thalweg elevations is 0.16 m for the Yalobusha River and 0.57 m for James Creek, which is approximately 8.1 and 23% of the average degradation of the respective streams. The MAD between observed and simulated changes in channel top width is 5.7% of the channel top width along the Yalobusha River and 31% of the channel top width along James Creek. The larger discrepancies for James Creek are mainly due to unknown initial channel geometry along its upper part. The model applications also emphasize the importance of accurate characterization of channel boundary materials and geometry. C1 [Langendoen, Eddy J.; Wells, Robert R.; Simon, Andrew; Bingner, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Thomas, Robert E.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Langendoen, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM eddy.langendoen@ars.usda.gov OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 FU U. S. Army Corps of Engineers; ARS [6408-13000010-08R, 640813000-012-15R]; Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality [58-6408-2-0029]; [00-OA-6408-008] FX Funds for the Yalobusha River work were provided by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District under Reimbursable Agreement No. 00-OA-6408-008 (ARS Project No. 6408-13000010-08R). Funds for the James Creek study were provided by the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality under Reimbursable Agreement No. 58-6408-2-0029) ARS Project No. 640813000-012-15R). The writers would like to thank Brian Bell, Bret Bledsoe, David Biedenharn, Bernard Booth, Kari Christman, Charlie Dawson, Micah Fendiesen, Mark Griffith, Jasper Hardison, Lisa Hubbard, Igor Jaromillo, Nick Jokay, Lauren Klimetz, Tony Layzell, Rob Neely, Keith Parker, Tony Rohs, and Geoff Waite for assisting with fieldwork. They would also like to thank Kim Caviness, Vance Justice, Fred Theurer, and Yong-Ping Yuan for conducting and assisting with the AnnAGNPS simulations, respectively. Finally, we would like to thank Chester Watson and the NRCS Monroe County District for making data available. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2009 VL 135 IS 6 BP 476 EP 486 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000029 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 447QN UT WOS:000266206500005 ER PT J AU Hain, CR Mecikalski, JR Anderson, MC AF Hain, Christopher R. Mecikalski, John R. Anderson, Martha C. TI Retrieval of an Available Water-Based Soil Moisture Proxy from Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing. Part I: Methodology and Validation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER DATA; ENERGY-BALANCE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ESTIMATING EVAPORATION; VEGETATION COVER; SATELLITE DATA; LAYER MODEL; ETA-MODEL; HEAT-FLUX; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB A retrieval of available water fraction (f(AW)) is proposed using surface flux estimates from satellite-based thermal infrared (TIR) imagery and the Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inversion (ALEXI) model. Available water serves as a proxy for soil moisture conditions, where f(AW) can be converted to volumetric soil moisture through two soil texture dependents parameters-field capacity and permanent wilting point. The ability of ALEXI to provide valuable information about the partitioning of the surface energy budget, which can be largely dictated by soil moisture conditions, accommodates the retrieval of an average f(AW) over the surface to the rooting depth of the active vegetation. For this method, the fraction of actual to potential evapotranspiration (f(PET)) is computed from an ALEXI estimate of latent heat flux and potential evapotranspiration (PET). The ALEXI-estimated f(PET) can be related to f(AW) in the soil profile. Four unique f(PET) to f(AW) relationships are proposed and validated against Oklahoma Mesonet soil moisture observations within a series of composite periods during the warm seasons of 2002-04. Using the validation results, the most representative of the four relationships is chosen and shown to produce reasonable (mean absolute errors values less than 20%) f(AW) estimates when compared to Oklahoma Mesonet observations. Quantitative comparisons between ALEXI and modeled f(AW) estimates from the Eta Data Assimilation System (EDAS) are also performed to assess the possible advantages of using ALEXI soil moisture estimates within numerical weather predication (NWP) simulations. This TIR retrieval technique is advantageous over microwave techniques because of the ability to indirectly sense f(AW)-and hence soil moisture conditions extending into the root-zone layer. Retrievals are also possible over dense vegetation cover and are available on spatial resolutions on the order of the native TIR imagery. A notable disadvantage is the inability to retrieve f(AW) conditions through cloud cover. C1 [Hain, Christopher R.] Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Anderson, Martha C.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Hain, CR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Atmospher Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM hain@nsstc.uah.edu RI Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 59 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 3 BP 665 EP 683 DI 10.1175/2008JHM1024.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 463HB UT WOS:000267420900005 ER PT J AU Ryu, D Crow, WT Zhan, XW Jackson, TJ AF Ryu, Dongryeol Crow, Wade T. Zhan, Xiwu Jackson, Thomas J. TI Correcting Unintended Perturbation Biases in Hydrologic Data Assimilation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAND DATA ASSIMILATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; MODEL; WATER; EVAPORATION; SYSTEM; FIELD AB Hydrologic data assimilation has become an important tool for improving hydrologic model predictions by using observations from ground, aircraft, and satellite sensors. Among existing data assimilation methods, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) provides a robust framework for optimally updating nonlinear model predictions using observations. In the EnKF, background prediction uncertainty is obtained using a Monte Carlo approach where state variables, parameters, and forcing data for the model are synthetically perturbed to explicitly simulate the error-prone representation of hydrologic processes in the model. However, it is shown here that, owing to the nonlinear nature of these processes, an ensemble of model forecasts perturbed by mean-zero Gaussian noise can produce biased background predictions. This ensemble perturbation bias in soil moisture states can lead to significant mass balance errors and degrade the performance of the EnKF analysis in deeper soil layers. Here, a simple method of bias correction is introduced in which such perturbation bias is corrected using an unperturbed model simulation run in parallel with the EnKF analysis. The proposed bias-correction scheme effectively removes biases in soil moisture and reduces soil water mass balance errors. The performance of the EnKF is improved in deeper layers when the filter is applied with the bias-correction scheme. The interplay of nonlinear hydrologic processes is discussed in the context of perturbation biases, and implications of the bias correction for real-data assimilation cases are presented. C1 [Ryu, Dongryeol] Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Crow, Wade T.; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Zhan, Xiwu] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Ryu, D (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM dryu@unimelb.edu.au RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Ryu, Dongryeol/C-5903-2008 OI Ryu, Dongryeol/0000-0002-5335-6209 FU NASA [NNH04AC301] FX This work was partially supported by the NASA EOS Aqua Project Science and the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology programs through Grant NNH04AC301. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 3 BP 734 EP 750 DI 10.1175/2008JHM1038.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 463HB UT WOS:000267420900009 ER PT J AU Schaefer, SE Salazar, M Bruhn, C Saviano, D Boushey, C Van Loan, MD AF Schaefer, Sara E. Salazar, Melissa Bruhn, Christine Saviano, Dennis Boushey, Carol Van Loan, Marta D. TI Influence of Race, Acculturation, and Socioeconomic Status on Tendency Toward Overweight in Asian-American and Mexican-American Early Adolescent Females SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Ethnicity; Acculturation; Socio-economic; Overweight; Body fat ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; HISPANIC IMMIGRANTS; FAST-FOOD; INCOME; OBESITY; DIET; US; CALIFORNIA AB Background Health disparities in chronic disease prevalence exist in the United States among racial/ethnic groups. This study explores relationships between physical, socioeconomic, and cultural characteristics of a multi-ethnic sample of early adolescent females which may assist health educators in designing programs targeting these groups. Methods Mexican-American and Asian-American sixth grade females (n = 144) were enrolled in Adequate Calcium Today. Physical measurements included weight, height, and BMI. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry determined percent body fat (%BF). Socioeconomic status was determined by enrollment in free or reduced meal program (FRMP). An adapted Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans-II (ARSMA-II) measured acculturation. Results Mexican-Americans had greater height, BMI, %BF, and a greater tendency toward overweight (P < 0.01) than Asian-American. Asian-Americans were more acculturated than MA (P < 0.005), attributed to a lower ethnic orientation scale score. Within Asian-Americans, %BF was higher among FRMP participants than non-participants (P < 0.05). Discussion Income and acculturation may affect tendency toward chronic disease. C1 [Van Loan, Marta D.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schaefer, Sara E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Salazar, Melissa] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Educ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bruhn, Christine] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Saviano, Dennis; Boushey, Carol] Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM marta.vanloan@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 188 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s10903-008-9150-6 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 645ZP UT WOS:000281505000005 PM 18506624 ER PT J AU Shelby, KS Popham, HJR AF Shelby, Kent S. Popham, Holly J. R. TI Analysis of ESTs generated from immune-stimulated hemocytes of larval Heliothis virescens SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Expressed sequence tag; Baculovirus; Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus; Bacteria; Selenium; Budworm; Hemocyte; Scolexin-B; C-type lectin; Growth-blocking peptide binding protein ID C-TYPE LECTIN; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; BOMBYX-MORI; MANDUCA-SEXTA; SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; BACULOVIRUS INFECTION; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; BINDING-PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; INNATE IMMUNITY AB Heliothis virescens immunome components responding to baculoviral and bacterial infection were identified from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated from an immune-stimulated larval hemocyte cDNA library. A total of 5548 ESTs were generated comprising 448 contigs and 1114 singletons, totaling 1606 putative transcripts 1101 of which had BLAST scores, including many known orthologs from other insect species. Orthologs of known or putative immune function were identified among them melanization pathway components, proteases, antibacterial proteins, lectins, bacteria-binding proteins, ferritins, scavenger receptors, cell surface receptors, signaling pathway components, and stress response enzymes. Additionally, many enzymes of central metabolism, cytoskeletal, mitochondrial, and ribosomal components, as well as transcriptional and translational regulators were identified. The effect of bacterial and baculoviral infection upon transcript levels of three identified immunome targets from among the ESTs was quantitated using real time PCR. Scolexin-B. C-type lectin and growth-blocking peptide binding protein transcripts were significantly elevated by bacterial infection. Per os infection with the baculovirus Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus however did not significantly alter transcript levels of these three genes. The ESTs reported here are the first large scale report of the H. virescens immunome responding to entomopathogens, and represent a first step to a more complete transcriptome for this pest moth. (C) Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shelby, Kent S.; Popham, Holly J. R.] ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Shelby, KS (reprint author), ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM Kent.Shelby@ars.usda.gov; Holly.Popham@ars.usda.gov RI Shelby, Kent/E-1605-2011 OI Shelby, Kent/0000-0001-9859-3497 FU US Department of Agriculture FX The authors thank Joseph A. Ringbauer, Sandra L. Brandt, Larry Brown, Steve Cooper and Stephen Jacobs for technical assistance. Also we wish to thank Hector Sanchez (Univ. Missouri) and Arturo Garcia (ARS-MWA) for IT assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. All programs and services of the US Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. NR 63 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2009.05.002 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 462UR UT WOS:000267382800002 PM 19442669 ER PT J AU Vanengelsdorp, D Evans, JD Donovall, L Mullin, C Frazier, M Frazier, J Tarpy, DR Hayes, J Pettis, JS AF vanEngelsdorp, Dennis Evans, Jay D. Donovall, Leo Mullin, Chris Frazier, Maryann Frazier, James Tarpy, David R. Hayes, Jerry, Jr. Pettis, Jeffery S. TI "Entombed Pollen": A new condition in honey bee colonies associated with increased risk of colony mortality SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Colony collapse disorder; Bee bread; Honey bee; Pesticide residues; Physical encapsulation; Entombed pollen ID LOSSES AB Here we describe a new phenomenon, entombed pollen, which is highly associated with increased colony mortality. Entombed pollen is sunken, capped cells amidst "normal", uncapped cells of stored pollen, and some of the pollen contained within these cells is brick red in color. There appears to be a lack of microbial agents in the pollen, and larvae and adult bees do not have an increased rate of mortality when they are fed diets supplemented with entombed pollen in vitro, suggesting that the pollen itself is not directly responsible for increased colony mortality. However, the increased incidence of entombed pollen in reused wax comb Suggests that there is a transmittable factor common to the phenomenon and colony mortality. In addition, there were elevated pesticide levels, notably of the fungicide chlorothalonil, in entombed pollen. Additional studies are needed to determine if there is a causal relationship between entombed pollen, chemical residues, and colony mortality. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [vanEngelsdorp, Dennis; Donovall, Leo] Penn State Univ, Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA 17074 USA. [Evans, Jay D.; Pettis, Jeffery S.] ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mullin, Chris; Frazier, Maryann; Frazier, James] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tarpy, David R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hayes, Jerry, Jr.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Vanengelsdorp, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Dept Agr, 2301 N Cameron St, Harrisburg, PA 17074 USA. EM dennis.vanengelsdorp@gmail.com; jay.evans@ars.usda.gov; ldonovall@state.pa.us; CAMullin@psu.edu; mfrazier@psu.edu; jfrazier@psu.edu; david_tarpy@ncsu.edu; hayesg@doacs.state.fl.us; jeff.pettis@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; NR 11 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 49 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 147 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2009.03.008 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 462UR UT WOS:000267382800012 PM 19361513 ER PT J AU Jensen, AB James, RR Eilenberg, J AF Jensen, A. B. James, R. R. Eilenberg, J. TI Long-term storage of Ascosphaera aggregata and Ascosphaera apis, pathogens of the leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) and the honey bee (Apis mellifera) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ascosphaera aggregata; Ascosphaera apis; Chalkbrood; Bee diseases; Storage ID ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA; CRYOPRESERVATION; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; VIRULENCE; VIABILITY; CULTURE AB Survival rates of Ascosphaera aggregata and Ascosphaera apis over the course of a year were tested using different storage treatments. For spores, the Storage methods tested were freeze-drying and ultra-low temperatures, and for hyphae, freeze-drying, agar slants, and two methods of ultra-low temperatures. Spores of A. aggregata and A. apis stored well at -80 degrees C and after freeze-drying. A. aggregata hyphae did not store Well under any of the methods tested while A. apis hyphae survived well using cryopreservation. Spores produced from cryopreserved A. apis hyphae were infective. Long-term storage of these two important fungal bee diseases is thus possible. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jensen, A. B.; Eilenberg, J.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Ecol & Agr, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [James, R. R.] ARS, USDA, Pollinating Insects Biol Management & Systemat Re, Logan, UT USA. RP Jensen, AB (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Ecol & Agr, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM abj@life.ku.dk RI Jensen, Annette /E-5478-2013; Jensen, Annette/G-7558-2014; Eilenberg, Jorgen/F-7444-2014 OI Jensen, Annette/0000-0002-2044-2274; Eilenberg, Jorgen/0000-0002-9273-5252 FU Danish National Research Foundation; Danish Council for Strategic Research; The Velux Foundation FX The authors wish to thank Ellen Klinger and Christina Wolsted for technical support. The Danish National Research Foundation, The Danish Council for Strategic Research and The Velux Foundation for funding. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 101 IS 2 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2009.03.004 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 462UR UT WOS:000267382800015 PM 19332075 ER PT J AU Vermillion, K Price, NPJ AF Vermillion, Karl Price, Neil P. J. TI Stable isotope-enhanced two- and three-dimensional diffusion ordered C-13 NMR spectroscopy (SIE-DOSY C-13 NMR) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Stable isotope-enhanced diffusion-ordered spectroscopy; DOSY; Peracetylation; Diffusion; Carbohydrate ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES; SUGARS; IDOSY AB The feasibility of obtaining high quality homonuclear or heteronuclear diffusion-ordered C-13 NMR data is shown to be greatly improved by using C-13 isotopically-enriched samples. Stable isotope-enhanced diffusion ordered (SIE-DOSY) C-13 NMR has been applied to C-13-enriched carbohydrates, and has been used to determine diffusion coefficients for pentose and hexose rnonosaccharides, and a disaccharide and trisaccharide. These 2D spectra were obtained with as little as 8 min of acquisition time. Fully resolved 3D DOSY-HMQC NMR spectra of [U-C-13]xylose, [U-C-13]glucose, and [1-C-13(gal)]lactose were obtained in 5 h. Sample derivatization with [carbonyl-C-13]acetate (peracetylation) extends the usefulness of the technique to included non-labeled sugars: the C-13-carbonyl - carbohydrate ring proton H-1-C-13 correlations also provide additional structural information, as shown for the 3-D DOSY-HMQC analysis of a mixture of maltotriose and lactose per-[carbonyl-C-13]acetates. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vermillion, Karl] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Price, Neil P. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Vermillion, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM karl.vermillion@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 198 IS 2 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.02.008 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 450FU UT WOS:000266387200011 PM 19303336 ER PT J AU Trujillo, RG Patton, JC Schlitter, DA Bickham, JW AF Trujillo, Robert G. Patton, John C. Schlitter, Duane A. Bickham, John W. TI MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF THE BAT GENUS SCOTOPHILUS (CHIROPTERA: VESPERTILIONIDAE): PERSPECTIVES FROM PATERNALLY AND MATERNALLY INHERITED GENOMES SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Chiroptera; cytochrome b; Scotophilus; Vespertilionidae; zinc finger Y (zfy) ID GENETIC SPECIES CONCEPT; CYTOCHROME-B SEQUENCES; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; MAMMALS; SUBSTITUTION; DIVERGENCE; MADAGASCAR; MODEL; DNA AB The genus Scotophilus is composed of 15 recognized species with 7 species distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa, 4 distributed across southern and southeastern Asia, 3 endemic to Madagascar, and I endemic to Reunion Island. Scotophilus is plagued with problems in species definition, and systematic relationships among members of the genus are poorly understood. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome sequence data from 11 of the 15 recognized species, which represent the most comprehensive taxonomic coverage to date, to examine phylogenetic patterns within Scotophilus. All trees have S. kuhlii from Asia as the most basal species followed by S. nux from Africa. However, S. heathii from Asia is embedded within the other African Scotophilus, indicating a complex biogeography with multiple continental exchanges. Furthermore, the Malagasy taxa are most closely related to 2 different African species, suggesting independent colonizations of Madagascar from the continental mainland. In addition, African S. dinganii did not comprise a monophyletic group but exhibited at least 2 additional cryptic species based on high levels of genetic divergence in the cyotchrome-b gene. The large-bodied S. nigrita is closely related to S. dinganii with a similar mtDNA haplotype but distinct zfy haplotype, suggesting a possible hybridization event in the most recent common ancestor that potentially represents a mitochondrial capture. Overall measures of interspecific genetic distances ranged from 4.2% to 19.2% for mtDNA data and 0.18% to 2.14% for Y-chromosome data, indicating that members of the genus Scotophilus are highly divergent from one another. C1 [Trujillo, Robert G.; Patton, John C.; Schlitter, Duane A.; Bickham, John W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Coll Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Trujillo, RG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM rgtrujillo@fs.fed.us FU RGT, Texas A&M University Graduate Student Research Grant; Texas A&M University L. T. Jordan Institute for International Awareness Fellowship; United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service; United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service; 2 National Geographic Society; AngloAmerica-Debeers; Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh FX The substance of this manuscript was submitted by RGT to the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences of Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, in partial fulfillment of the Doctor of Philosophy degree. We acknowledge the many scientists and museums that contributed tissues to this study. Tissues included in this study were kindly provided by J. Patton of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, J. Eger of the Royal Ontario Museum, S. Goodman and L. Heaney of the Field Museum of Natural History, J. Wible and S. McLaren of the Carnegie Museum Section of Mammals, I. L. Rautenbach of South Africa, and Z. Akbar of the University Kebangsaan in Malaysia. We also thank S. Goodman, J. Eger, and S. McLaren for comments on and identification of specimens included in this study. Funding was provided to RGT through a Texas A&M University Graduate Student Research Grant, a Texas A&M University L. T. Jordan Institute for International Awareness Fellowship, and a fellowship from the Hispanic Leadership Program in Agriculture and Natural Resources (HLPANR) supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service. DAS acknowledges officials in Ethiopia, Kenya, Cameroon, Ghana, and South Africa who provided research permits for fieldwork and export permits for Voucher and tissue specimens and especially Afework Bekele (Ethiopia), Mohamed Isahakia (Kenya), and I. L. Rautenbach (South Africa) for support during fieldwork. Funding for fieldwork was provided to DAS by 2 National Geographic Society grants for Cameroon and Ethiopia, AngloAmerica-Debeers grants for South Africa, and various funding from the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh. RGT acknowledges the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station for time and support in the preparation of this manuscript. We thank A. Bickham Baird, B. Lim, R. Norris, and 2 anonymous reviewers for critical review of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 548 EP 560 DI 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-239R2.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 457SH UT WOS:000266952900002 ER PT J AU Britzke, ER Loeb, SC Hobson, KA Romanek, CS Vonhof, MJ AF Britzke, Eric R. Loeb, Susan C. Hobson, Keith A. Romanek, Christopher S. Vonhof, Maarten J. TI USING HYDROGEN ISOTOPES TO ASSIGN ORIGINS OF BATS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE bats; interspecific variation; intraspecific variation; Lasiurus borealis; migration; Myotis lucifugus; Myotis septentrionalis; Myotis sodalis; stable hydrogen isotope analysis ID STABLE-HYDROGEN; NORTH-AMERICA; MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; MYOTIS-SODALIS; BROWN BAT; GEOGRAPHIC ASSIGNMENT; WINTERING GROUNDS; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; WIND TURBINES; FEATHERS AB Stable hydrogen isotopes (delta Ds) in metabolically inert tissues such as feathers and hair provide a set of endogenous markers that may be useful for establishing migratory connectivity in animals. We tested the assumption of a clear relationship between delta D values of growing-season-weighted average precipitation (delta D(p)) derived from 2 geographic information system (GIS) models or latitude (LAT) and delta D values in bat hair (delta D(h)), and examined intra- and interspecific variation in delta D(h) of 4 bat species in the eastern United States. We analyzed 251 hair samples from 1 long-distance migrant (eastern red bat [Lasiurus borealis]) and 3 regional migrants (Indiana bat [Myotis sodalis], northern long-eared bat [M. septentrionalis], and little brown bat [M. lucifugus]) captured during the reproductive period (pregnancy and lactation) when bats are resident. LAT explained more of the variation in delta D(h) than delta D(p) derived from either of the GIS-based models, although 1 model of delta D(p) performed better for some species. We found significant intraspecific differences in the relationships between delta D(h) and LAT and between delta D(h) and estimates of delta D(p) derived from Bowen et al. (delta D(pB)) for L. borealis, and significant variation in the regression equations of delta D(h) and LAT and delta D(h) and delta D(p) among species for adult females and adult males. Stable hydrogen isotope analysis may be a valuable tool for studying migratory connectivity in bats, but significant intra- and interspecific variation in delta D(h) values suggests that pooling across sex and age categories and use of surrogate species should be avoided. C1 [Britzke, Eric R.] USA Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39056 USA. [Loeb, Susan C.] Clemson Univ, So Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Romanek, Christopher S.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Vonhof, Maarten J.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Britzke, ER (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39056 USA. EM eric.r.britzke@usace.army.mil NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-211R2.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 457SH UT WOS:000266952900023 ER EF