FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Flinn, PW Opit, GP Throne, JE AF Flinn, P. W. Opit, G. P. Throne, J. E. TI Predicting Stored Grain Insect Population Densities Using an Electronic Probe Trap SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhyzopertha dominica; Cryptolestes ferrugineus; Tribolium castaneum; sampling; stored grain ID CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS COLEOPTERA; WHEAT; CUCUJIDAE; TEMPERATURE; INFESTATION; SYSTEM AB Manual sampling of insects in stored grain is a laborious and time-consuming process. Automation of grain sampling should help to increase the adoption of stored grain integrated pest management. A new commercial electronic grain probe trap (OPI Insector) has recently been marketed. We field tested OPI Insector electronicgrain probes in two bins, each containing 32.6 tonnes of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., over a 2-yr period. We developed new statistical models to convert Insector catch into insects per kilogram. We compared grain sample estimates of insect density (insects per kilogram of wheat) taken near each Insector to the model-predicted insect density by using Insector counts. An existing expert system, Stored Grain Advisor Pro, was modified to automatically read the Insector database and use the appropriate model to estimate Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) density from trap catch counts. Management decisions using Insector trap-catch estimates for insect density were similar to those made using grain sample estimates of insect density for most sampling dates. However, because of the similarity in size of R. dominica and T. castaneum, the software was unable to differentiate counts between these two species. In the central and southern portions of the United States, where both species frequently occur, it may be necessary to determine the proportion of each species present in the grain by manual inspection of trap catch. The combination of SGA Pro with the OPI Insector system should prove to be a useful tool for automatic monitoring of insect pests in stored grain. C1 [Flinn, P. W.; Opit, G. P.; Throne, J. E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Flinn, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM paul.flinn@ars.usda.gov RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1696 EP 1704 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600040 PM 19736786 ER PT J AU Opit, GP Throne, JE Flinn, PW AF Opit, G. P. Throne, J. E. Flinn, P. W. TI Sampling Plans for the Psocids Liposcelis entomophila and Liposcelis decolor (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) in Steel Bins Containing Wheat SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardboard refuges; presence-absence sampling; numerical sampling; booklice; grain storages ID SPIDER-MITES ACARI; BOSTRYCHOPHILA BADONNEL; GRAIN PROTECTANTS; STORED PRODUCTS; TETRANYCHIDAE; COTTON; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHINE; ABUNDANCE; PEARMAN AB Psocids are an emerging problem in grain storage, handling, and processing facilities in the United States. We used data from two steel bins each containing 32.6 metric tonnes of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., to develop sampling plans for Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein), Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) (both Psocoptera: Liposcelididae), and a mixture of the two species. Taylor's coefficients a (a sampling factor) and b (an index of aggregation) for these pests were calculated and incorporated into sampling protocols to improve accuracy. The optimal binomial sample sizes for estimating populations of these psocids at densities of <25 psocids per refuge were large; therefore, we recommend the use of numerical sampling within this range of densities. Numerical sampling of L. entomophila and L. decolor at densities of <25 psocids per refuge should not be too laborious given the low psocid numbers involved; we recommend using 10 refuges per bin. For presence-absence sampling of L. entomophila or L. decolor, 20 refuges per bin should be used at densities of 25-100 psocids per refuge. The sampling plans we have developed based on the use of cardboard refuges are convenient for use in steel bins containing wheat because they are inexpensive, provide a rapid assessment of psocid population incidence, and are easy to implement. These sampling plans can be used to monitor populations of and the efficacy of management strategies used against L. entomophila and L. decolor. C1 [Opit, G. P.; Throne, J. E.; Flinn, P. W.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Opit, GP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM george.opit@okstate.edu RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1714 EP 1722 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600042 PM 19736788 ER PT J AU Pote, DH Way, TR Sistani, KR Moore, PA AF Pote, D. H. Way, T. R. Sistani, K. R. Moore, P. A., Jr. TI Water-quality effects of a mechanized subsurface-banding technique for applying poultry litter to perennial grassland SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Manure management; Poultry litter; Nutrient management ID SURFACE APPLICATION; NUTRIENT RUNOFF; NITROGEN; MANURE; SOIL; FERTILIZER; INTENSITY; INJECTION; PASTURE AB Poultry litter is known to be an excellent organic fertilizer, but the common practice of spreading litter on the surface of pastures has raised serious water-quality concerns and may limit potential benefits of litter applications. Because surface-applied litter is completely exposed to the atmosphere, runoff can transport nutrients into nearby streams and lakes, and much of the ammonium nitrogen volatilizes before it can enter the soil. Our previous research showed that a manual knifing technique to apply dry litter under a perennial pasture surface effectively prevented about 90% of nutrient loss with runoff from surface-applied litter, and tended to increase forage yield. However, this technique (known as subsurface banding) cannot become a practical management option for producers until it is mechanized. To begin that process, we tested an experimental single-shank, tractor-drawn implement designed to apply poultry litter in subsurface bands. Our objective was to compare this mechanized subsurface-banding method against conventional surface application to determine effects on nutrient loss with runoff from a perennial grassland treated with dry poultry litter. Early in the growing season, broiler litter was applied (6.7 dry-weight Mg ha(-1)) to each plot (except three control plots) using one of two application methods: surface broadcast manually or subsurface banded using the tractor-drawn implement. Simulated rainfall (5 cm h(-1)) generated 20 min of runoff from each plot for volume and analytical measurements. Results showed that subsurface-banded litter increased forage yield while decreasing nutrient (e.g. N and P) loss in runoff by at least 90% compared to surface-broadcast litter. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pote, D. H.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Way, T. R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Sistani, K. R.] ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Moore, P. A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Pote, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM dan.pote@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 11 BP 3534 EP 3539 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.06.006 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 499HG UT WOS:000270208400040 PM 19586710 ER PT J AU Ritchie, JC Nearing, MA Rhoton, FE AF Ritchie, Jerry C. Nearing, Mark A. Rhoton, Fred E. TI Sediment budgets and source determinations using fallout Cesium-137 in a semiarid rangeland watershed, Arizona, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; Erosion; Soil redistribution; Arid rangelands; Watersheds; Sediment budgets; Sediment sources ID ROCK-FRAGMENT COVER; SOIL-EROSION; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; CARBON; RADIONUCLIDES; RATES; REDISTRIBUTION; (137)CESIUM; VARIABILITY; INDICATORS AB Analysis of soil redistribution and sediment sources in semiarid and and watersheds provides information for implementing management practices to improve rangeland conditions and reduce sediment loads to streams. The purpose of this research was to develop sediment budgets and identify potential sediment sources using (137)Cs and other soil properties in a series of small semiarid subwatersheds on the USDA ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed near Tombstone, Arizona, USA. Soils were sampled in a grid pattern on two small subwatersheds and along transects associated with soils and geomorphology on six larger subwatersheds. Soil samples were analyzed for (137)Cs and selected physical and chemical properties (i.e., bulk density, rocks, particle size, soil organic carbon). Suspended sediment samples collected at measuring flume sites on the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed were also analyzed for these properties. Soil redistribution measured using (137)CS inventories for a small shrub-dominated subwatershed and a small grass-dominated subwatershed found eroding areas in these subwatersheds were losing -5.6 and -3.2 t ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively: however, a sediment budget for each of these subwatersheds, including depositional areas, found net soil loss to be -4.3 t ha(-1) yr(-1) from the shrub-dominated subwatershed and -0.1 t ha(-1) yr(-1) from the grass-dominated subwatershed. Generally, the suspended sediment collected at the flumes of the six other subwatersheds was enriched in silt and clay. Using a mixing model to determine sediment source indicated that shrub-dominated subwatersheds were contributing most of the suspended sediment that was measured at the outlet flume of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. The two methodologies (sediment budgets and sediment source analyses) indicate that shrub-dominated systems provide more suspended sediment to the stream systems. The sediment budget studies also suggest that sediment yields measured at the outlet of a watershed may be a poor indicator of actual soil redistribution rates within these semiarid watersheds. Management of these semiarid rangelands must consider techniques that will protect grass-dominated areas from shrub invasion to improve rangeland conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nearing, Mark A.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Ritchie, Jerry C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rhoton, Fred E.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jerryritchie@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 100 IS 8 BP 637 EP 643 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.05.008 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477YW UT WOS:000268555900004 PM 19559510 ER PT J AU Guo, PG Baum, M Grando, S Ceccarelli, S Bai, GH Li, RH von Korff, M Varshney, RK Graner, A Valkoun, J AF Guo, Peiguo Baum, Michael Grando, Stefania Ceccarelli, Salvatore Bai, Guihua Li, Ronghua von Korff, Maria Varshney, Rajeev K. Graner, Andreas Valkoun, Jan TI Differentially expressed genes between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive barley genotypes in response to drought stress during the reproductive stage SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Barley; drought stress; drought tolerance; microarray; reproductive stage ID GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; NADP-MALIC ENZYME; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; OSMOTIC-STRESS; WATER-DEFICIT; SALT STRESS; ENHANCES TOLERANCE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; HIGH-SALINITY; WHEAT AB Drought tolerance is a key trait for increasing and stabilizing barley productivity in dry areas worldwide. Identification of the genes responsible for drought tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) will facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance, and also facilitate the genetic improvement of barley through marker-assisted selection or gene transformation. To monitor the changes in gene expression at the transcriptional level in barley leaves during the reproductive stage under drought conditions, the 22K Affymetrix Barley 1 microarray was used to screen two drought-tolerant barley genotypes, Martin and Hordeum spontaneum 41-1 (HS41-1), and one drought-sensitive genotype Moroc9-75. Seventeen genes were expressed exclusively in the two drought-tolerant genotypes under drought stress, and their encoded proteins may play significant roles in enhancing drought tolerance through controlling stomatal closure via carbon metabolism (NADP malic enzyme, NADP-ME, and pyruvate dehydrogenase, PDH), synthesizing the osmoprotectant glycine-betaine (C-4 sterol methyl oxidase, CSMO), generating protectants against reactive-oxygen-species scavenging (aldehyde dehydrogenase,ALDH, ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase, ADOR), and stabilizing membranes and proteins (heat-shock protein 17.8, HSP17.8, and dehydrin 3, DHN3). Moreover, 17 genes were abundantly expressed in Martin and HS41-1 compared with Moroc9-75 under both drought and control conditions. These genes were possibly constitutively expressed in drought-tolerant genotypes. Among them, seven known annotated genes might enhance drought tolerance through signalling [such as calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and membrane steroid binding protein (MSBP)], anti-senescence (G2 pea dark accumulated protein, GDA2), and detoxification (glutathione S-transferase, GST) pathways. In addition, 18 genes, including those encoding delta(l)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), protein phosphatase 2C-like protein (PP2C), and several chaperones, were differentially expressed in all genotypes under drought; thus they were more likely to be general drought-responsive genes in barley. These results could provide new insights into further understanding of drought-tolerance mechanisms in barley. C1 [Baum, Michael; Grando, Stefania; Ceccarelli, Salvatore; Valkoun, Jan] Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria. [Guo, Peiguo; Li, Ronghua] Guangzhou Univ, Coll Life Sci, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Bai, Guihua] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [von Korff, Maria] Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. [Varshney, Rajeev K.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, GT Biotechnol, Appl Genom Lab, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Graner, Andreas] Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res Head, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. RP Baum, M (reprint author), Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, POB 5466, Aleppo, Syria. EM m.baum@cgiar.org RI Varshney, Rajeev/C-5295-2014 OI Varshney, Rajeev/0000-0002-4562-9131 FU German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) [2002.7860.6-001.00, 81060503]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871526]; Chinese Educational Ministry [2007-1108]; Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province [2008B050300003]; Program of Science and Technology of Guangzhou [2007J1-C0111]; Education Bureau of Guangzhou Municipality [62002]; 'Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program' Japan FX This research was supported by a GTZ project (No. 2002.7860.6-001.00 and Contract No. 81060503) sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30871526), the Research Project of Returned Overseas Students and Scholars of the Chinese Educational Ministry (2007-1108), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2008B050300003), the Program of Science and Technology of Guangzhou (No. 2007J1-C0111), the Education Bureau of Guangzhou Municipality (No. 62002), and the 'Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program' Japan. NR 70 TC 133 Z9 141 U1 9 U2 81 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 60 IS 12 BP 3531 EP 3544 DI 10.1093/jxb/erp194 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 484AH UT WOS:000269014600021 PM 19561048 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, SA Patterson, KY Holden, JM AF Bhagwat, Seema A. Patterson, Kristine Y. Holden, Joanne M. TI Validation study of the USDA's Data Quality Evaluation System SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article CT 7th International Food Data Conference CY OCT 21-24, 2007 CL Sao Paulo, BRAZIL SP Univ Sao Paulo, FAO DE Food composition database; Data quality; Data assessment; Data standardization; Data harmonization; System validation ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRUITS; VEGETABLES AB The Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) of USDA conducted a validation study of the USDA Data Quality Evaluation System (DQES). The system evaluates the quality of analytical data on nutrients by rating important documentation concerning the analytical method, analytical quality control, number of samples, sampling plan, and sample handling and creates a "Quality Index" (QI) and "confidence code" (CC) for each nutrient and food. Objectives of the study were: (1) to measure the variability of ratings assigned by different evaluators, (2) to assess the objectivity of the "critical" questions of the DQES categories and (3) to test the robustness of the rating scale. Out of 39 individuals who participated in the International Postgraduate Course for Food Composition and four nutritionists from NDL, 37 completed the evaluation of a research article containing analytical data on vitamin K in lettuce, 25 evaluated an article containing data on catechin in black grapes, and 16 evaluated an article containing data on riboflavin in portabella mushrooms using the DQES. The various rating scores assigned by the participants were analyzed to assess the success of above objectives. The maximum score for each category was 20. There was a greater variation among individuals in the ratings for "number of samples" and "analytical quality control" categories than the other three categories. Overall seventy five percent of the participants assigned a confidence code of "C" to the vitamin K in lettuce, while 70% and 100% assigned confidence codes of "B" and "C" to catechin in black grapes and riboflavin in mushrooms, respectively. The wide range of scores on individual categories by first time evaluators emphasizes the importance of training for evaluators who score analytical values for inclusion in a food composition database. Clear documentation by the authors and training for evaluators to understand basic concepts related to data quality evaluation will be helpful. Future work will assess the assignment of equal rating points for all the categories. Modifications in "sampling plan" category to accommodate country and population size are necessary. The USDA Data Quality Evaluation System represents one of the first efforts to standardize and harmonize the evaluation of analytical data quality across the international food composition network. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bhagwat, Seema A.; Patterson, Kristine Y.; Holden, Joanne M.] ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bhagwat, SA (reprint author), ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 005,Room 107,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM seema.bhagwat@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 22 IS 5 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.06.009 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 502RX UT WOS:000270478900003 ER PT J AU Haytowitz, DB Lemar, LE Pehrsson, PR AF Haytowitz, D. B. Lemar, L. E. Pehrsson, P. R. TI USDA's Nutrient Databank System - A tool for handling data from diverse sources SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article CT 7th International Food Data Conference CY OCT 21-24, 2007 CL Sao Paulo, BRAZIL SP Univ Sao Paulo, FAO DE Food composition; Database; Nutrient data; Food item table; Nutrient value table; Data compilation; USDA Nutrient Databank System; NDBS; Nutrient Data Laboratory; NDL; Dr. Atwater; What We Eat in America; NHANES ID QUALITY EVALUATION SYSTEM AB Key features of USDA's Nutrient Databank System (NDBS) allow processing of food composition data from diverse sources, including USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program, the food industry, scientific literature, and food labels. The Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) designed the NDBS as a three-tiered ("Initial", "Aggregation", and "Compiled") data management system to facilitate handling of data. Raw data and documentation (data source, sample description, sample handling, and analytical methods) are migrated into the Initial module. NDL scientists compare new data with old values and decide how to combine the initial data into aggregated data. In the Aggregation module, data can be grouped and weighted by parameters such as study, source, and market share. Depending on the type of data, various statistical algorithms are used to generate statistics, such as mean, standard error, number of data points, and error bounds. In the Compiled module, food names are finalized and common measures selected. Nutrient profiles are developed and missing nutrients/food components are imputed according to standardized scientific principles. A formulation application employing linear programming techniques, estimate, formulations for commercial foods and nutrient profiles based on the nutrient content of ingredients and target values derived from label information. A recipe application calculates nutrient profiles based on ingredients and their known proportions, allowing for the application of food yield and nutrient retention factors. The NDBS automatically documents how each value was derived and incorporates quality control checks at all levels. Prior to release, the completed nutrient profiles are reviewed by NDL scientists and, if approved, disseminated, The NDBS brings together a number of stand-alone modules and applications into one integrated system allowing the management of similar to 7500 food items for up to 140 nutrients/food components. Data points and documentation are managed and maintained in one place, providing an "audit trail" for each data point. The NDBS contains algorithms to assign confidence codes using NDL's data quality evaluation system. The NDBS permits the annual release of reliable data for a comprehensive set of nutrients/food components for a wide variety of foods on NDL's Web site: http://www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata. Through these releases, NDL provides food composition data for researchers, diet and health professionals, and consumers, including the "What We Eat in America" component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Haytowitz, D. B.; Lemar, L. E.; Pehrsson, P. R.] ARS, NDI, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Haytowitz, DB (reprint author), ARS, NDI, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.haytowitz@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 22 IS 5 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.01.003 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 502RX UT WOS:000270478900013 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Bailey, JS Altekruse, SF Shaw, WK Patel, BL Meinersmann, RJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Berrang, M. E. Bailey, J. S. Altekruse, S. F. Shaw, W. K., Jr. Patel, B. L. Meinersmann, R. J. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. TI Prevalence, Serotype, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella on Broiler Carcasses Postpick and Postchill in 20 US Processing Plants SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN CARCASSES; POULTRY; CONTAMINATION; TYPHIMURIUM; TURKEY; SPRAY; SPP.; SKIN AB The objective of this study was to measure the effect of broiler processing on the prevalence, serotype, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonellae. Twenty U.S. commercial processing plants representing eight integrators in 13 states were included in the survey. In each of four replications, 10 carcasses from one flock were collected at rehang and 10 more carcasses were collected at postchill; each carcass was sampled by whole-carcass rinse. Salmonella organisms were isolated from carcass rinses by standard cultural techniques, serotypes were determined, and the resistance to 15 antimicrobials was measured. Overall, Salmonella was detected on 72% of carcasses at rehang (ranging from 35 to 97%) and on 20% of carcasses postchill (ranging from 2.5 to 60%). In every instance, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in Salmonella prevalence was noted between rehang and postchill. The four most common serotypes, accounting for 64% of all Salmonella isolates, were Kentucky, Heidelberg, Typhimurium, and Typhimurium var. 5-; most isolates of Kentucky (52%), Heidelberg (79%), and Typhimurium (54%) serotypes were susceptible to all antimicrobial drugs tested. However, only 15% of the Typhimurium var. 5- isolates were pansusceptible; more than one-half of the isolates of this serotype were resistant to three or more drugs. No isolate of any serotype exhibited resistance to amikacin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These data demonstrate that although processing lessens carcass contamination with Salmonella, antimicrobial-resistant isolates may still be present. C1 [Berrang, M. E.; Bailey, J. S.; Meinersmann, R. J.; Fedorka-Cray, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Altekruse, S. F.; Shaw, W. K., Jr.; Patel, B. L.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mark.berrang@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1610 EP 1615 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 483DH UT WOS:000268941700003 PM 19722391 ER PT J AU Wells, JE Shackelford, SD Berry, ED Kalchayanand, N Guerini, MN Varel, VH Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Freetly, HC Wheeler, TL Ferrell, CL Koohmaraie, M AF Wells, J. E. Shackelford, S. D. Berry, E. D. Kalchayanand, N. Guerini, M. N. Varel, V. H. Arthur, T. M. Bosilevac, J. M. Freetly, H. C. Wheeler, T. L. Ferrell, C. L. Koohmaraie, M. TI Prevalence and Level of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feces and on Hides of Feedlot Steers Fed Diets with or without Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IN-GROUND BEEF; BOVINE FECES; O157-H7; CATTLE; BACTERIA; SALMONELLA; CARCASS; SAMPLES; PLANTS AB The objective of this study was to determine if wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) from corn in diets affected Escherichia coli O157:H7 in growing and finishing cattle; steers (n = 603) were randomly assigned to diets with or without WDGS. Hide and fecal samples were collected monthly (October through June) from each animal for enumeration and enrichment of E. coli O157:H7. In the growing phase (0 or 13.9% WDGS diets), fecal prevalence for E. coli O157:H7 in steers fed a diet with WDGS was twice that of the prevalence in control steers (P < 0.001). In the finishing phase (0 or 40% WDGS diets), the average prevalence in feces (P < 0.001) and on hides (P < 0.001) was higher for cattle fed WDGS. The average percentage of fecal E. coli O157:H7 enumerable samples during the finishing phase for cattle fed WDGS was 2.7% compared with 0.1% for control steers (P < 0.001). The average percentage of E coli O157:H7 enumerable hide samples was not different between diets, but the cattle fed WDGS had higher levels (P < 0.05) of the pathogen. Animals fed WDGS had higher levels of E. coli (P < 0.001), higher pH values (P < 0.001), and lower concentrations Of L-lactate (P < 0.001) in feces than those values of the control steers. These results indicate that feeding 40% WDGS could increase the level and prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in and on feedlot cattle when E. coli O157:H7 is seasonally low. C1 [Wells, J. E.; Shackelford, S. D.; Berry, E. D.; Kalchayanand, N.; Guerini, M. N.; Varel, V. H.; Arthur, T. M.; Bosilevac, J. M.; Freetly, H. C.; Wheeler, T. L.; Ferrell, C. L.; Koohmaraie, M.] USDA, Agr Res Stn, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wells, JE (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Stn, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM jim.wells@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU Beef Checkoff; U.S. Meat Animal Research Center FX The work was supported in part by The Beef Checkoff. We acknowledge Dr. Bryan Woodbury of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center for providing historical weather and temperature data collected at the feedlot facility, and Dr. Lisa Durso for assistance in conducting the study. We thank D. Kucera, B. Jasch, L. Baker, E Reno, G. Smith, S. Wise. and S. Bidleman for technical assistance, and the USMARC cattle and feedlot crews for animal management and care in conducting the study. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1624 EP 1633 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 483DH UT WOS:000268941700005 PM 19722393 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Long, M Ross, TT Thomas, JD Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Craddock, F Salisbury, MW Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, Tom S. Long, Melissa Ross, Tim T. Thomas, Jack D. Callaway, Todd R. Anderson, Robin C. Craddock, Frank Salisbury, Mike W. Nisbet, David J. TI Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Isolated from Feedlot Lambs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BEEF-CATTLE; O157-H7; CARCASSES; SHEEP AB The present study examined the incidence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in feedlot lambs. Fifty-six feedlot lambs from eight sheep farming operations were grouped in a single drylot pen, fed, and managed as is typical in the southwestern United States. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 46, 87, and 122 of the feeding period via rectal palpation. Wool samples (ventral midline) were collected one time only at the feedlot, immediately prior to shipping to the processing plant, and carcass swabs were collected following slaughter. All samples were cultured for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and fecal coliforms, and select isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. Overall, the percentages of fecal and wool samples positive for E. coli O157:H7 averaged 9 and 18%, respectively. One carcass swab was E. coli O157:H7 positive. Of the 155 fecal samples collected, 11 (7%) were Salmonella positive. Salmonella was detected in nearly 50% of the wool samples collected prior to slaughter, while none of the carcasses were Salmonella positive 24 h postslaughter. All isolates (E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and fecal coliforms) were susceptible to ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. One E. coli O157:H7 isolate cultured from a carcass swab was resistant to seven antibiotics, and seven wool E. coli O157: H7 isolates were multidrug resistant. Results of this research demonstrate that feedlot sheep are naturally colonized with E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella and wool can be a source of carcass contamination; however, in-plant processing procedures and intervention strategies were largely effective in preventing carcass contamination. C1 [Edrington, Tom S.; Callaway, Todd R.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Long, Melissa; Ross, Tim T.; Thomas, Jack D.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Craddock, Frank] Texas AgriLife Extens, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. [Salisbury, Mike W.] Angelo State Univ, San Angelo, TX 76904 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1713 EP 1717 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 483DH UT WOS:000268941700018 PM 19722406 ER PT J AU Pepe, T De Dominicis, R Esposito, G Ventrone, I Fratamico, PM Cortesi, ML AF Pepe, Tiziana De Dominicis, Rosaria Esposito, Giuseppina Ventrone, Iole Fratamico, Pina M. Cortesi, Maria Luisa TI Detection of Campylobacter from Poultry Carcass Skin Samples at Slaughter in Southern Italy SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; JEJUNI; COLI; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; SPP.; MEAT; RESISTANCE; CHICKENS AB Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for acute gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea that is sometimes bloody, fever, cramps, and vomiting. Campylobacter species are carried in the intestinal tracts of mammals and birds, and sources of human infection include raw milk, contaminated water, direct contact with pets, and foods, particularly poultry. Campylobacter jejuni and C coli are the species that account for the majority of human infections. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in 190 poultry carcasses sampled at slaughter and to use a multiplex PCR assay to determine if the isolates were C jejuni or C. coli. C. coli was not isolated, while C jejuni was recovered from 52 (37.1%) of 140 carcasses for which pools of four sampling sites (neck, cloaca, breast, and back) were examined. In the remaining 50 carcasses, the four sites were analyzed separately, and C. jejuni was recovered from the samples in the following order: neck (n = 20), cloaca (n = 16), breast (n = 14), and back (n = 11). The results are in agreement with those of other studies, which showed that C. jejuni is more commonly associated with poultry than is C. coli. Control strategies for Campylobacter should include interventions to eliminate C. jejuni in poultry at vafious stages of production and processing, including at slaughter. C1 [Pepe, Tiziana; De Dominicis, Rosaria; Esposito, Giuseppina; Ventrone, Iole; Cortesi, Maria Luisa] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Zootecn & Ispezione Alimenti, Sezione Ispezione Alimenti, I-80137 Naples, Italy. [Fratamico, Pina M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Pepe, T (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Zootecn & Ispezione Alimenti, Sezione Ispezione Alimenti, Via Delpino 1, I-80137 Naples, Italy. EM tiziana.pepe@unina.it NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1718 EP 1721 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 483DH UT WOS:000268941700019 PM 19722407 ER PT J AU Liu, KS Barrows, FT Obert, D AF Liu, KeShun Barrows, Frederic T. Obert, Don TI Dry Fractionation Methods to Produce Barley Meals Varying in Protein, Beta-Glucan, and Starch Contents SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE barley pearling; beta-glucan; milling and sieving; protein; starch ID HULL-LESS BARLEY; AIR CLASSIFICATION; RICH; FLOURS; LIPIDS AB Barley contains several valuable nutrients including beta-glucan (BG), protein, and starch. Each has additional value when concentrated. Dehulled and hulless barleys were sequentially pearled for 1 to 6 cycles, each with 8% removal. The 6 pearled kernels and the initial kernel were subjected to impact or abrasive milling, followed by sieving with a series of U. S. standard sieves. Results of pearling fines show that protein was most concentrated in the outer area, and decreased all the way toward the core area (near 100% surface removal). Starch showed an opposite trend. BG followed the starch trend, but reached a peak at about 60% surface removal. Upon milling and sieving of kernel samples, genotype and particle size had significant effects on nutrient contents in sieved fractions. The pearling cycle had significant effects on protein and starch contents but little effect on BG content, while the milling method had significant effects on protein and BG contents but little on starch content. Abrasive milling produced sieved fractions with much higher variation in protein content than impact milling, but the opposite effect was observed for shifting BG content. Mass frequency influenced more on recovery rates of nutrients than their concentrations in individual fractions. When the recovery rate was also taken into consideration, pearling alone was found to be the most effective way to enrich protein in barley kernels. However, a combination of pearling with the method of milling and sieving was needed for maximally shifting BG and starch contents. Although dry fractionation is the method of choice for separating barley into fractions with varying levels of protein, BG, and/or starch, selection of a specific single or combined method is needed for achieving maximum shifts of a particular nutrient. Such information is significant to those who use dry fractionation methods to enrich protein, BG, and/or starch. C1 [Liu, KeShun; Barrows, Frederic T.; Obert, Don] USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Keshun.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 74 IS 6 BP C487 EP C499 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01240.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 479BS UT WOS:000268634400013 PM 19723187 ER PT J AU Warner, K Gehring, MM AF Warner, Kathleen Gehring, Marta Meta TI High-Temperature Natural Antioxidant Improves Soy Oil for Frying SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; frying; oxidation; shelf life; soybean oil ID PALM OLEIN; STABILITY; EFFICACY; HEAT; ACID AB The objectives of this study were to determine the frying stability of soybean oil (SBO) treated with a natural citric acid-based antioxidant, EPT-OILShield (TM) able to withstand high temperatures and to establish the oxidative stability of food fried in the treated oil. Soybean oil with 0.05% and 0.5% EPT-OILShield and an untreated control SBO were used for intermittent batch frying of tortilla chips at 180 degrees C for up to 65 h. Oil frying stability was measured by free fatty acids (FFA) and total polar compounds (TPC). Chips were aged for up to 4 mo at 25 degrees C and evaluated for rancid flavor by a 15-member, trained, experienced analytical sensory panel and for hexanal content as an indicator of oxidation. Oil with 0.05% EPT-OILShield had significantly less FFA and TPC than the control. The effect of EPT-OILShield was apparently retained in aged chips because hexanal levels were significantly lower in chips fried in oil with 0.05% EPT-OILShield than in chips fried in the control. Tortilla chips fried in the control were rancid after 2 mo at 25 degrees C at sampling times evaluated from 25 to 65 h; however, chips fried in oil with 0.05% EPT-OILShield and used for 65 h were described as only slightly rancid after 4 mo. Gamma tocopherol levels were significantly higher in the chips fried in the oil with 0.05% EPT-OILShield than in the control, helping to inhibit oxidation in the tortilla chips during storage. C1 [Warner, Kathleen] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Gehring, Marta Meta] ELVISEM AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland. RP Warner, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kathleen.warner@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 74 IS 6 BP C500 EP C505 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01249.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 479BS UT WOS:000268634400014 PM 19723188 ER PT J AU Khanal, RC Howard, LR Prior, RL AF Khanal, R. C. Howard, L. R. Prior, R. L. TI Procyanidin Content of Grape Seed and Pomace, and Total Anthocyanin Content of Grape Pomace as Affected by Extrusion Processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; catechin; epicatechin; extrusion; grape pomace; grape seed; LC/MS; procyanidins; tannins ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYMERIC PROCYANIDINS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; CELL-WALLS; RATS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; BLUEBERRY; EXTRACT; FOODS AB Grape juice processing by-products, grape seed and pomace are a rich source of procyanidins, compounds that may afford protection against chronic disease. This study was undertaken to identify optimal extrusion conditions to enhance the contents of monomers and dimers at the expense of large molecular weight procyanidin oligomers and polymers in grape seed and pomace. Extrusion variables, temperature (160, 170, and 180 degrees C in grape seed, and 160, 170, 180, and 190 degrees C in pomace) and screw speed (100, 150, and 200 rpm in both) were tested using mixtures of grape seed as well as pomace with decorticated white sorghum flour at a ratio of 30 : 70 and moisture content of 45%. Samples of grape seed and pomace were analyzed for procyanidin composition before and after extrusion, and total anthocyanins were determined in pomace. Additionally, chromatograms from diol and normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography were compared for the separation of procyanidins. Extrusion of both grape by-products increased the biologically important monomer and dimers considerably across all temperature and screw speeds. Highest monomer content resulted when extruded at a temperature of 170 degrees C and screw speed of 200 rpm, which were 120% and 80% higher than the unextruded grape seed and pomace, respectively. Increases in monomer and dimer contents were apparently the result of reduced polymer contents, which declined by 27% to 54%, or enhanced extraction facilitated by disruption of the food matrix during extrusion. Extrusion processing reduced total anthocyanins in pomace by 18% to 53%. Practical Applications: Extrusion processing can be used to increase procyanidin monomer and dimer contents in grape seed and pomace. Procyanidins in grape by-products have many health benefits, but most are present as large molecular weight compounds, which are poorly absorbed. Extrusion processing appears to be a promising technology to increase levels of the bioactive low molecular weight procyanidins. C1 [Khanal, R. C.; Howard, L. R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Prior, R. L.] USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu FU Arkansas Biosciences Inst. FX We thank Dr. L. Rooney of the Cereal Quality Laboratory at the Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Tex., U.S.A., for providing decorticated white sorghum and FruitSmart, Prosser, Wash., U.S.A., for providing grape seed and Univ. of Arkansas Enology program (Fayetteville, Ark., U.S.A.) for providing grape pomace. This study was funded by an Arkansas Biosciences Inst. grant. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 74 IS 6 BP H174 EP H182 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01221.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 479BS UT WOS:000268634400028 PM 19723202 ER PT J AU Laparra, JM Barbera, R Alegria, A Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Laparra, Jose M. Barbera, Reyes Alegria, Amparo Glahn, Raymond P. Miller, Dennis D. TI Purified Glycosaminoglycans from Cooked Haddock May Enhance Fe Uptake Via Endocytosis in a Caco-2 Cell Culture Model SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Caco-2 cells; cell metabolism; Fe uptake; glycosaminoglycans; oxidative stress ID MITOCHONDRIAL IRON HOMEOSTASIS; NONHEME IRON; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; ABSORPTION; PROTEIN; BIOAVAILABILITY; AVAILABILITY; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION AB This study aims to understand the enhancing effect of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as chondroitin/dermatan structures, on Fe uptake to Caco-2 cells. High-sulfated GAGs were selectively purified from cooked haddock. An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model was used to evaluate Fe uptake (cell ferritin formation) from a Fe+3-containing solution, and Fe+3/ascorbic acid (AA) and Fe+3/GAGs mixtures. Mitochondria (MTT test) and endosomal/lysosomal activities (neutral red uptake, NR), intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and GSH concentration were monitored as biomarkers of the changes of cellular metabolism. Changes in mRNA expression of Fe transporters, divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1), and duodenal cytochrome-b (DcytB) were also evaluated. The Fe uptake from Fe+3/GAGs mixture was up to 1.8-fold higher than from Fe+3 alone. Both Fe+3 alone and Fe+3/AA mixture produced highest increase in MTT conversion. In contrast, cell cultures exposed to the Fe+3/GAGs mixture exhibited highest NR uptake values. All Fe-containing solutions tested caused a sharp in-tramitochondrial accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Cell cultures exposed to the Fe+3/GAGs mixture exhibited a more preserved (by 8%) intracellular GSH concentration compared to cultures exposed to Fe+3 or Fe+3/AA mixture. In addition to cell responses, the mRNA expression of Fe transporters may suggest that Fe could also be internalized into cells by endocytosis in addition to via DMT1 in Fe+3/GAGs mixtures. These aspects need to be confirmed in in vivo experiments to better establish nutritional interventional strategies. C1 [Laparra, Jose M.; Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Barbera, Reyes; Alegria, Amparo] Univ Valencia, Fac Pharm, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. [Glahn, Raymond P.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Laparra, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mlaparra@iata.csic.es RI Barbera, Reyes/K-7118-2014; Alegria, Amparo/K-8772-2014; OI Barbera, Reyes/0000-0003-0049-8825; Alegria, Amparo/0000-0002-0274-8958; Laparra Llopis, Jose Moises/0000-0002-9378-2552 FU Spanish government FX This study was supported by the USDA Robert W. Holley Center for Agricultural Research and the Dept. of Food Science at Cornell Univ. Dr. Jose Moises Laparra was sponsored as a Fulbright Scholar and supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish government. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 74 IS 6 BP H168 EP H173 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01216.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 479BS UT WOS:000268634400027 PM 19723201 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Tomasula, PM Van Hekken, D Luchansky, JB Call, JE Porto-Fett, A AF Mukhopadhyay, S. Tomasula, P. M. Van Hekken, D. Luchansky, J. B. Call, J. E. Porto-Fett, A. TI Effectiveness of Cross-Flow Microfiltration for Removal of Microorganisms Associated with Unpasteurized Liquid Egg White from Process Plant SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cross-flow MF; functional property; liquid egg white; microbial removal process technology ID PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; WHOLE EGG; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; INACTIVATION; PROTEINS; ULTRAFILTRATION; RADIATION; PRODUCTS AB Thermal preservation is used by the egg industry to ensure the microbiological safety of liquid egg white (LEW); however, it does not eliminate all microorganisms and impairs some of the delicate functional properties of LEW. In this study, a pilot-scale cross-flow microfiltration (MF) process was designed to remove the natural microflora present in commercial LEW, obtained from a local egg-breaking plant, while maintaining the nutritional and functional properties of the LEW. LEW, containing approximately 10(6 +/- 1.7) colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter of total aerobic bacteria, was microfiltered using a ceramic membrane with a nominal pore size of 1.4 mu m, at a cross-flow velocity of 6 m/s. To facilitate MF, LEW was screened, homogenized, and then diluted (1:2, w/w) with distilled water containing 0.5% sodium chloride. Homogenized LEW was found to have a threefold lower viscosity than unhomogenized LEW. Influence of MF temperature (25 and 40 degrees C) and pH (6 and 9) on permeate flux, transmission of egg white nutrients across the membrane, and microbial removal efficiency were evaluated. The pH had a significantly greater influence on permeate flux than temperature. Permeate flux increased by almost 148% when pH of LEW was adjusted from pH 9 to pH 6 at 40 degrees C. Influence of temperature on permeate flux, at a constant pH, however, was found to be inconclusive. Microbial removal efficiency was at least 5 log(10) CFU/mL. Total protein and SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that this MF process did not alter the protein composition of the permeate, compared to that of the feed LEW, and that the foaming properties of LEW were retained in the postfiltered samples. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, S.; Tomasula, P. M.; Van Hekken, D.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Luchansky, J. B.; Call, J. E.; Porto-Fett, A.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Sudarsan.mukhopadhyay@ars.usda.gov FU FSIS; USDA (Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.) FX The authors would like to express thanks to FSIS, USDA (Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.) for granting special permission for the supply of unpasteurized LEW and Michael Foods for the supply of unpasteurized LEW. Authors also acknowledge and appreciate the help of Dr. Charles Onwulata, Dr. Michael H. Tunick, Dr. Peter Cooke, Dr. James J. Shieh, Mr. Raymond Kwoczak, Mr. Bradley Shoyer, Ms. Audrey Thomas, Mr. John Mulherin, Mr. Matthew Toht, Ms. Danielle L. Tilman, Ms. Guoping Bao, all of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pa., U.S.A. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 74 IS 6 BP M319 EP M327 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01228.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 479BS UT WOS:000268634400044 PM 19723218 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Alonso, P Fernandez-Otero, C Centeno, JA Garabal, JI AF Rodriguez-Alonso, P. Fernandez-Otero, C. Centeno, J. A. Garabal, J. I. TI Antibiotic Resistance in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Micrococcaceae/Staphylococcaceae Isolates from Artisanal Raw Milk Cheeses, and Potential Implications on Cheese Making SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance; cheese technology; lactic acid bacteria; micrococci-staphylococci; raw milk cheeses ID ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; LACTOBACILLUS SPP.; FERMENTED SAUSAGES; MICROBIAL-FLORA; SUBSP LACTIS; FOOD; LACTOCOCCUS; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS AB Antibiotic susceptibility against 19 antimicrobial agents was evaluated in isolates of the genera Lactococcus (46 isolates), Leuconostoc (22), Lactobacillus (19), Staphylococcus (8), Enterococcus (7), and Microccoccus/ Kocuria (5) obtained from the predominant microflora of nonrecent and recent types of artisanal raw cow's milk cheeses. Beta-lactams showed broad activity against all genera, although leuconostocs and lactobacilli were highly resistant to oxacillin (80% to 95.5%). Resistance to aminoglycosides was frequent for lactococci and enterococci (particularly for streptomycin), whereas lower rates of resistance were detected for lactobacilli and leuconostocs. Technologically interesting traits for the food industry were distributed among isolates that showed different degrees of resistance to common antibiotics. However, isolates showing resistance to less than 2 antibiotics were mainly those with properties of greatest technological interest (acidifying activity, proteolytic/lipolytic activities, or diacetyl production). C1 [Rodriguez-Alonso, P.; Fernandez-Otero, C.; Garabal, J. I.] Agr Res Ctr Mabegondo CIAM, Dairy Sci & Technol Lab, La Coruna 15080, Spain. [Garabal, J. I.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Centeno, J. A.] Univ Vigo, Fac Sci, Food Technol Lab, Orense, Spain. RP Garabal, JI (reprint author), Agr Res Ctr Mabegondo CIAM, Dairy Sci & Technol Lab, Postal Box 10, La Coruna 15080, Spain. EM jose.ignacio.garabal.sanchez@xunta.es OI Centeno, Juan A./0000-0003-4766-5731 FU Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) [RM02-004]; Xunta de Galicia Feder-MAC [PGID IT03PXIC50301PN]; INIA FX This study was financially supported by the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) (project RM02-004) and by the Xunta de Galicia ( Feder-MAC grant PGID IT03PXIC50301PN). Our grateful thanks to R. Lage for skillful technical assistance. P. Rodriguez-Alonso acknowledges the receipt of a research fellowship from the INIA during the undertaking of the present study. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 74 IS 6 BP M284 EP M293 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01217.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 479BS UT WOS:000268634400039 PM 19723213 ER PT J AU Zhou, B Feng, H Luo, YG AF Zhou, Bin Feng, Hao Luo, Yaguang TI Ultrasound Enhanced Sanitizer Efficacy in Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Population on Spinach Leaves SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acidified sodium chlorite; cavitation; Escherichia coli; sanitizer; ultrasound ID ACIDIFIED SODIUM-CHLORITE; FRESH-CUT CILANTRO; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ELECTROLYZED WATER; PEROXYACETIC ACID; O157-H7; LETTUCE; QUALITY; DECONTAMINATION; ULTRASONICATION AB The use of ultrasound to enhance the efficacy of selected sanitizers in reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations on spinach was investigated. Spot-inoculated spinach samples were treated with water, chlorine, acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), peroxyacetic acid (POAA), and acidic electrolyzed water with and without ultrasound (21.2 kHz) for 2 min at room temperature. The effects of ultrasound treatment time and acoustic energy density (AED) were evaluated at an ASC concentration of 200 mg/L. The effect of ASC concentration, with a fixed AED of 200 W/L, was also examined. Microbial analysis indicated that ASC reduced E. coli O157:H7 population by 2.2 log cycles over that of water wash, while the reduction from other sanitizers was about 1 log cycle. Ultrasonication significantly enhanced the reduction of E. coli cells on spinach for all treatments by 0.7 to 1.1 log cycle over that of washes with sanitizer alone. An increase in the ASC concentration enhanced the efficacy of the combined treatment of ASC and ultrasonication, especially at ASC concentrations of < 300 mg/L. Increasing the ultrasound treatment time from 0 to 4 min and AED from 0 to 500 W/L were both effective in increasing the effectiveness of the ASC and ultrasound combined treatments. In addition, E. coli O157:H7 inoculated on the underside of spinach leaves (rough side) were more difficult to remove than those inoculated on the upper side (smooth side). C1 [Zhou, Bin; Feng, Hao] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Luo, Yaguang] USDA, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Feng, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM haofeng@uiuc.edu FU U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1275-5-340]; Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station FX This study was supported in part by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA Specific Cooperative Agreement Nr 58-1275-5-340) and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 74 IS 6 BP M308 EP M313 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01247.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 479BS UT WOS:000268634400042 PM 19723216 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Simsek, S Wise, ML AF Doehlert, D. C. Simsek, S. Wise, M. L. TI The Green Oat Story: Possible Mechanisms of Green Color Formation in Oat Products during Cooking SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Avena; avenanthramides; bicarbonate; ferrous ion; iron ID IRON; AVENANTHRAMIDES; BINDING; FIBER AB Consumers occasionally report greenish colors generated in their oat products when cooking in tap water. Here we have investigated pH and ferrous (Fe(2+)) ion as possible mechanisms for this color change. Steel-cut oat groats can turn brown-green color when cooked in alkaline conditions (pHs 9 to 12). Extraction of this color with methanol, and high-pressure liquid chromatography indicated a direct association of this color with the phenolic acid or avenanthramide content of the oat. The presence of 50 mM NaHCO(3) in water will cause oat/water mixtures to turn alkaline when cooked as CO(2) is driven off, generating OH-ion. Although tap water rarely, if ever, contains so much bicarbonate, bicarbonate is used as a leavening agent in baking applications. Industrial interests using baking soda or alkaline conditions during oat processing should be aware of possible off color generation. We have also found that as little as 10 ppm Fe(2+) will turn oat products gray-green when cooked. The aleurone stained darker than the starchy endosperm. Other divalent cations, such as Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) had no effect on cooked oat color. As much as 50 ppm Fe(2+) may be found in freshly pumped well water, but Fe(2+) reacts quickly with oxygen and precipitates as Fe(OH)(3). Thus, some freshly pumped well water may turn oats green when cooked, but if the water is left under atmospheric conditions for several hours, no discoloration will appear in the cooked oats. C1 [Doehlert, D. C.] USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Simsek, S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Dept 7640, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Wise, M. L.] USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, 1250 Bolley Dr,Harris Hall, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 74 IS 6 BP S226 EP S231 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01190.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 479BS UT WOS:000268634400053 PM 19723227 ER PT J AU Olanya, OM Honeycutt, CW Larkin, RP Griffin, TS He, ZQ Halloran, JM AF Olanya, O. Modesto Honeycutt, C. Wayne Larkin, Robert P. Griffin, Timothy S. He, Zhongqi Halloran, John M. TI The effect of cropping systems and irrigation management on development of potato early blight SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil and irrigation management; Alternaria solani; Logistic regression; Russet Burbank ID ALTERNARIA-SOLANI; YIELD; FUNGICIDES; MICROCLIMATE; SENSITIVITY; CULTIVARS; NITROGEN; DISEASES; TOMATO AB Crop and soil management may modify canopy and belowground microclimate, but their effects on potential development and control of early blight are not well documented. Several management systems (Status Quo, Soil Conserving, Soil Improving (SI), Disease Suppressive, and Continuous Potato) were evaluated for their effects on early blight potential under irrigated and rainfed conditions. In 2006 and 2007, microclimatic data at the canopy level were recorded with a data logger. Early blight incidence and severity was determined by visually assessing symptoms. Disease incidence and lesion numbers varied among cropping systems and between years. Disease incidence ranged from 31 to 64% (2006) and 12 to 43% (2007), and was significantly higher with the Continuous Potato system than with Disease Suppressive, Status Quo, Soil Conserving, and SI systems. The relationships of incidence and disease severity with microclimate varied and were mostly non-significant, suggesting that the chosen variables were not reflective of pathogen development. Incidence was significantly associated with cropping systems. Disease prediction based on the Tom-Cast model was not correlated with observed disease levels. This research demonstrated that early blight disease is enhanced through continuous potato production. C1 [Olanya, O. Modesto; Honeycutt, C. Wayne; Larkin, Robert P.; He, Zhongqi; Halloran, John M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Griffin, Timothy S.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1345-2630 J9 J GEN PLANT PATHOL JI J. Gen. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1007/s10327-009-0175-z PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 475AM UT WOS:000268327300002 ER PT J AU Hopkinson, J Gallagher, MK AF Hopkinson, Judy Gallagher, Margaret Konefal TI Assignment to a Hospital-Based Breastfeeding Clinic and Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Immigrant Hispanic Mothers: A Randomized, Controlled Trial SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION LA English DT Article DE acculturation; randomized controlled trial; hospital practices; Mexico; intervention; exclusive breastfeeding; peer counseling; mixed feeding ID PREDOMINANTLY LATINA POPULATION; FOLLOW-UP VISITS; LOW-INCOME; UNITED-STATES; EARLY DISCHARGE; WOMEN; ACCULTURATION; DURATION; INFANTS; INITIATION AB A randomized controlled trial is used to determine whether assigning mixed feeders to a breastfeeding clinic within 1 week postpartum will increase exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month among Hispanic immigrants. Subjects are eligible for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and 85% are monolingual Hispanic. Mothers (n = 522) of infants at low risk for hyperbilirubinemia are approached at bedside 20 to 48 hours after delivery and randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Intent-to-treat analysis of feeding behavior at 4 weeks postpartum indicates that the intervention group is more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding (16.4% vs 10% in the control group, P = .03; adjusted odds ratio 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-3.26); that the incidence of formula supplementation does not differ between groups; and that the intervention group is less likely to supplement with water and tea (P < .002). J Hum Lact. 25(3):287-296. C1 [Gallagher, Margaret Konefal] Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Harris Cty Hosp Dist, Women & Infant Serv, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hopkinson, J (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU American Association of Medical Colleges; United States Department of Health and Human Services/Center for Disease Control and Prevention; United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [NCT00474422] FX Support by the American Association of Medical Colleges; United States Department of Health and Human Services/Center for Disease Control and Prevention; and United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service. Clinical Trials.gov registration NCT00474422. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0890-3344 J9 J HUM LACT JI J. Hum. Lact. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1177/0890334409335482 PG 10 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 479NL UT WOS:000268666400009 PM 19436060 ER PT J AU Morimoto, M Zhao, AP Sun, R Stiltz, J Madden, KB Mentink-Kane, M Ramalingam, T Wynn, TA Urban, JF Shea-Donohue, T AF Morimoto, Motoko Zhao, Aiping Sun, Rex Stiltz, Jennifer Madden, Kathleen B. Mentink-Kane, Margaret Ramalingam, Thirumalai Wynn, Thomas A. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Shea-Donohue, Terez TI IL-13 Receptor alpha 2 Regulates the Immune and Functional Response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELL FUNCTION; NEMATODE PARASITE; TISSUE FIBROSIS; TH2 CYTOKINE; MURINE; INTERLEUKIN-13; EXPRESSION; STAT6; INDUCTION; COLITIS AB IL-13 has a prominent role in host defense against the gastrointestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis; however, the role of IL-13R alpha 2 in the immune and functional response to enteric infection is not known. In the current study, we investigated changes in smooth muscle and epithelial cell function as well as alterations in gene expression of IL-13 and IL-4 and their receptors using laser-capture microdissection of specific cell types in the small intestine of N. brasiliensis-infected mice. An infection-induced up-regulation of IL-13R alpha 2 gene expression was confined to smooth muscle and was dependent on STAT6 and IL-13, but not on IL-4. In contrast, expression of IL-13R alpha 1 was reduced, indicating that changes in IL-13 alpha 2 expression serve to limit the biological effects of IL-13. The increased availability of IL-13 in IL-13R alpha 2(-/-) mice resulted in marked changes in constitutive epithelial and smooth muscle function. In addition, maximal changes in smooth muscle hypercontractility and epithelial cell resistance peaked earlier after infection in IL-13R alpha 2(-/-) compared with wild-type mice. This did not coincide with an earlier Th2 immune response as expression of IL-4 and IL-13 was attenuated in IL-13R alpha 2(-/-) mice and worm expulsion was similar to that of wild-type mice. These data show that IL-13R alpha 2 plays an important role in nematode infection by limiting the availability of IL-13 during infection, thereby regulating both the immune and biological effects of IL-13. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 183: 1934-1939. C1 [Morimoto, Motoko; Zhao, Aiping; Sun, Rex; Stiltz, Jennifer; Shea-Donohue, Terez] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Morimoto, Motoko; Zhao, Aiping; Sun, Rex; Stiltz, Jennifer; Shea-Donohue, Terez] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Madden, Kathleen B.; Wynn, Thomas A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Mentink-Kane, Margaret; Ramalingam, Thirumalai] NIAID, Immunopathogenesis Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM tdonohue@mbrc.umaryland.edu RI Wynn, Thomas/C-2797-2011 FU National Institutes of Health [R01-Al/DK49316]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [1235-52000-053]; Miyagi University; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01-Al/DK49316 (to T.S.-D), by U.S. Department of Agriculture CRIS Project 1235-52000-053 (to J.F.U.), by Miyagi University Overseas Research Fund (to M.M.), and by the intramural research program of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 183 IS 3 BP 1934 EP 1939 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0804299 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 477LB UT WOS:000268519500051 PM 19587021 ER PT J AU Liu, CX Wu, KM Wu, YD Gao, YL Ning, CM Oppert, B AF Liu, Chenxi Wu, Kongming Wu, Yidong Gao, Yulin Ning, Changming Oppert, Brenda TI Reduction of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxicity against Helicoverpa armigera by a soluble toxin-binding cadherin fragment SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Cadherin; Cry1Ac toxin; Toxicity; Reduction ID INSECTICIDAL CRYIA(A) TOXIN; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANES; IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; PINK-BOLLWORM; BOMBYX-MORI; HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; COTTON BOLLWORM AB A cadherin-like protein has been identified as a putative receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera and plays a key role in Bt insecticidal action. In this study, we produced a fragment from this H. armigera Cry1Ac toxin-binding cadherin that included the predicted toxin-binding region. Binding of Cry1Ac toxin to this cadherin fragment facilitated the formation of a 250-kDa toxin oligomer. The cadherin fragment was evaluated for its effect on Cry1Ac toxin-binding and toxicity by ligand blotting, binding assays, and bioassays. The results of ligand blotting and binding assays revealed that the binding of Cry1Ac to H. armigera midgut epithelial cells was reduced under denaturing or native conditions in vitro. Bioassay results indicated that toxicities from Cry1Ac protoxin or activated toxin were reduced in vivo by the H. armigera cadherin fragment. The addition of the cadherin fragment had no effect on Cry2Ab toxicity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Chenxi; Wu, Kongming; Gao, Yulin; Ning, Changming] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Wu, Yidong] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Entomol, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Ning, Changming] China Agr Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Dept Entomol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Oppert, Brenda] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Wu, KM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, W Yuanmingyuan Rd, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM wkm@caascose.net.cn RI Wu, Yidong/E-9720-2012 OI Wu, Yidong/0000-0003-3456-3373 FU Ministry of Science and Technology [2006CB102004]; "Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China" [20070420445] FX We thank Juan Ferr and Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes for helpful comments. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This research was supported by financial assistance from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (973 Grant no. 2006CB102004) and "Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China" (20070420445). NR 52 TC 15 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 55 IS 8 BP 686 EP 693 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.05.001 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 475XU UT WOS:000268401300004 PM 19446559 ER PT J AU Sapiro, JM Mashek, MT Greenberg, AS Mashek, DG AF Sapiro, Jessica M. Mashek, Mara T. Greenberg, Andrew S. Mashek, Douglas G. TI Hepatic triacylglycerol hydrolysis regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activity SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; adipose differentiation-related protein; adipose triglyceride lipase ID ADIPOSE TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE; DIFFERENTIATION-RELATED PROTEIN; FATTY-ACID REGULATION; HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIPID DROPLETS; PPAR-ALPHA; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BETA-OXIDATION; DEFICIENT MICE AB Recent evidence suggests that fatty acids generated from intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis may have important roles in intracellular signaling. This study was conducted to determine if fatty acids liberated from TAG hydrolysis regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). Primary rat hepatocyte cultures were treated with adenoviruses overexpressing adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) or adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL) or treated with short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted against ADRP. Subsequent effects on TAG metabolism and PPAR alpha activity and target gene expression were determined. Overexpressing ADRP attenuated TAG hydrolysis, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of ADRP or ATGL overexpression resulted in enhanced TAG hydrolysis. Results from PPAR alpha reporter activity assays demonstrated that decreasing TAG hydrolysis by ADRP overexpression resulted in a 35-60% reduction in reporter activity under basal conditions or in the presence of fatty acids. As expected, PPAR alpha target genes were also decreased in response to ADRP overexpression. However, the PPAR alpha ligand, WY-14643, was able to restore PPAR alpha activity following ADRP overexpression. Despite its effects on PPAR alpha, overexpressing ADRP did not affect PPAR gamma activity. Enhancing TAG hydrolysis through ADRP knockdown or ATGL overexpression increased PPAR alpha activity. These results indicate that TAG hydrolysis and the consequential release of fatty acids regulate PPAR alpha activity.-Sapiro, J. M., M. T. Mashek, A. S. Greenberg, and D. G. Mashek. Hepatic triacylglycerol hydrolysis regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activity. J. Lipid Res. 2009. 50: 1621-1629. C1 [Sapiro, Jessica M.; Mashek, Mara T.; Mashek, Douglas G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mashek, DG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dmashek@umn.edu NR 41 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1621 EP 1629 DI 10.1194/jlr.M800614-JLR200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 470CF UT WOS:000267949900013 PM 19304987 ER PT J AU Cavalcanti, SMC Gese, EM AF Cavalcanti, Sandra M. C. Gese, Eric M. TI SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS OF JAGUARS (PANTHERA ONCA) IN THE SOUTHERN PANTANAL, BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE activity patterns; home range; jaguar; movement rate; Pantanal; Panthera onca; social dynamics; spatial ecology ID HOME-RANGE ANALYSIS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; MICROTINE RODENTS; COYOTES; DENSITY; MAMMALS; ESTIMATORS; HABITAT; SYSTEMS; FOXES AB The Pantanal of Brazil is an important area for the conservation of jaguars (Panthera onca). As the size of traditional large ranches in the Pantanal decreases, human access to jaguar habitat increases, resulting in human-altered landscapes that may influence patterns of resource selection and space use by jaguars. We used global positioning system radiocollars to Study jaguars in the southern Pantanal. We radiocollared 10 jaguars (6 males and 4 females), obtained 11,787 locations, and examined their space use, movement rates, and social interactions between October 2001 and April 2004. Estimates of 90% kernel home ranges varied among animals and seasons (range: 34.1-262.9 km(2)). Core areas (50% isopleth) of both females and males did not differ in size between seasons, but home ranges (90% isopleth) during the dry season were generally larger than during the wet season. The stability of home ranges varied among seasons and individuals. Some females maintained >= 80% of their home ranges from I season to the next, whereas other females used <= 50% of their home ranges from the previous season. Site fidelity within individual home ranges also varied; >= 70% of the core areas of some females were located in different sites within their home ranges during different seasons. Locations of females suggested a pattern of spatial avoidance among females during the wet season. Home-range overlap among males was extensive, both in the wet and dry seasons, suggesting that males did not maintain exclusive ranges. Overlap between males and females occurred both in the wet and dry seasons, and movements by females were not restricted within the ranges of individual males. Jaguars were located <200 m, apart more often than expected, suggesting some degree of sociality. The reproductive profiles of females Suggested either a low conception rate, a low survival rate of young, or that jaguars may be more social than previously thought. Interactions among males also suggested some degree of sociality. C1 [Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gese, EM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM eric.gese@usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 FU Wildlife Conservation Society; United States Department of Agriculture; Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center; Utah State University; National Scientific and Technological Development Council; Conservation, Food, and Health Foundation FX Funding and logistical support was provided by the Wildlife Conservation Society; the United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Logan Field Station at Utah State University; the National Scientific and Technological Development Council; and the Conservation, Food, and Health Foundation. Socicdade Civil MamirauA and Brazilian Foundation for Sustainable Development provided administrative support of the research station. We thank I. Klabin for support and permission to conduct research on Fazenda Sete, and A. Rabinowitz for providing funds for the global positioning system collars. We thank J. da Silva, A. Porffrio, R. Costa, S. Aquino, D. Munari, E. Ramalho, S. Romeiro, M. Perilli, J. Leal, E. Vilalba, J. A. Silveira, M. Roas, C. Sd, R. Leite, V. Correia, A. Oliveira, M. CAndido, Y. Doiningos, R. M. Santos, A. Hoogesteijn, V. Conforti, R. Goines, L. SabiA Santos, D. Barros, F. C. Azevedo, R. Minillo, E. Amaral, L. Cameiro, J. Rossi, D. Novaes, A. T. Neto, M. Teodoro, M. da Silva, M. Benites, M. Soisalo, M. Talebi, M. Pereira, J. Reis, P. Lemes, S. da Silva, V. Reis, A. da Silva, R. da Frota, and S. de Matos for their invaluable field assistance. We thank F. Knowlton, J. Bissonette, R. Schmidt, and F. Provenza for manuscript reviews. Permission to conduct animal captures was granted by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Renewable Resources. Animal capture and handling procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at the National Wildlife Research Center and Utah State University. NR 44 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 42 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 935 EP 945 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 489AL UT WOS:000269391700017 ER PT J AU Winters, P Stecklov, G Todd, J AF Winters, Paul Stecklov, Guy Todd, Jessica TI Household Structure and Short-Run Economic Change in Nicaragua SO JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LA English DT Article DE conditional cash transfer program; household structure; impact evaluation; Nicaragua ID ELDERLY LIVING ARRANGEMENTS; FAMILY; MIGRATION; INCOME; COUNTRIES; CONNECTION; SOCIETIES; PROGRAMS AB During the economic crises Nicaragua suffered between 2000 and 2002, a conditional cash transfer program targeting poor households began operating. Using panel data on 1,397 households from the program's experimentally designed evaluation, we examined the impact of the program on household structure. Our findings suggest that the program enabled households to avoid reagglomeration during the economic crises, with households in control communities growing more than treated households. These changes were driven primarily by shifts in residence of relatively young men and women with close kinship ties to the household head. In contrast, households that received transfers continued to send off young adult members, suggesting that the program provided resources to overcome the short-term economic pressures on household structure. C1 [Winters, Paul] American Univ, Dept Econ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Stecklov, Guy] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. [Todd, Jessica] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Winters, P (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Econ, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM winters@american.edu OI Winters, Paul/0000-0001-9976-4534 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2445 J9 J MARRIAGE FAM JI J. Marriage Fam. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 71 IS 3 BP 708 EP 726 PG 19 WC Family Studies; Sociology SC Family Studies; Sociology GA 478LL UT WOS:000268589700018 ER PT J AU DeFuria, J Bennett, G Strissel, KJ Perfield, JW Milbury, PE Greenberg, AS Obin, MS AF DeFuria, Jason Bennett, Grace Strissel, Katherine J. Perfield, James W., II Milbury, Paul E. Greenberg, Andrew S. Obin, Martin S. TI Dietary Blueberry Attenuates Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in High Fat-Fed Mice by Reducing Adipocyte Death and Its Inflammatory Sequelae SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE MACROPHAGES; BERRY ANTHOCYANINS; INDUCED OBESITY; LIVER-INJURY; STRESS; CELLS; APOPTOSIS; ANTIOXIDANTS; CONTRIBUTES; THERAPY AB Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation promotes insulin resistance (IR) and other obesity complications. AT inflammation and IR are associated with oxidative stress, adipocyte death, and the scavenging of dead adipocytes by proinflammatory CD11c+ AT macrophages (ATM Phi). We tested the hypothesis that supplementation of an obesitogenic (high-fat) diet with whole blueberry (BB) powder protects against AT inflammation and IF. Male C57B1/6j mice were maintained for 8 wk on 1 of 3 diets: low-fat (10% of energy) diet (LFD), high-fat (60% of energy) diet (HFD) or the HFD containing 4% (wt:wt) whole BB powder (1:1 Vaccinium ashei and V. corymbosum) (HFD+B). BB supplementation (2.7% of total energy) did not affect HFD-associated alterations in energy intake, metabolic rate, body weight, or adiposity. We observed an emerging pattern of gene expression in AT of HFD mice indicating a shift toward global upregulation of inflammatory genes (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interieukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase), increased M1-polarized ATM Phi (CD11c+), and increased oxidative stress (reduced glutathione peroxidase 3). This shift was attenuated or nonexistent in HFD+B-fed mice. Furthermore, mice fed the HFD+B were protected from IR and hyperglycemia coincident with reductions in adipocyte death. Salutary effects of BB on adipocyte physiology and ATM Phi gene expression may reflect the ability of BB anthocyanins to alter mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B stress signaling pathways, which regulate cell fate and inflammatory genes. These results suggest that cytoprotective and antinflammatory actions of dietary BB can provide metabolic benefits to combat obesity-associated pathology. J. Nutr. 139 1510-1516, 2009, C1 [DeFuria, Jason; Bennett, Grace; Strissel, Katherine J.; Perfield, James W., II; Greenberg, Andrew S.; Obin, Martin S.] Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Milbury, Paul E.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Greenberg, AS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu; martin.obin@tufts.edu FU United States Highbush Blueberry Council; American Diabetes Association; USDA [5819507707]; NIH [T32DK062032, TH32HL69772] FX Supported by the United States Highbush Blueberry Council (M.S.O.), the American Diabetes Association (M.S.O.), USDA contract 5819507707 (A.S.G.), NIH T32DK062032 (J.D.), and NIH TH32HL69772 (G.B.). NR 36 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 139 IS 8 BP 1510 EP 1516 DI 10.3945/jn.109.105155 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 475LY UT WOS:000268362000013 PM 19515743 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Storms, DH AF Zunino, Susan J. Storms, David H. TI Resveratrol Alters Proliferative Responses and Apoptosis in Human Activated B Lymphocytes in Vitro SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CELL-CYCLE ENTRY; BCL-2 FAMILY; T-CELL; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; CANCER; ABSORPTION; FLAVONOIDS; QUERCETIN; MITOGEN AB We hypothesized that the phytochemicals resveratrol, quercetin, and kaempferol would modulate B lymphocyte proliferation, Ig synthesis, and apoptosis after activation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 12 healthy adult human volunteers and incubated with pokeweed mitogen plus 0, 2, 5, and 10 mu mol/L resveratrol, quercetin, or kaempferol. After 6 d, CD19+ B cells were analyzed for proliferation, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression, and activation of caspase-3 using flow cytometry. After 8 d, cell supernatants were collected and IgM and IgG were measured by ELISA. Resveratrol at a concentration of 5 mu mol/L increased the percentage of CD19+ cells compared with mitogen only-stimulated cells (P < 0.01), and a trend for increased proliferation was observed for cells treated with 0, 2, and 5 mu mol/L resveratrol (P-trend = 0.01). However, 10 mu mol/L resveratrol inhibited proliferation of B lymphocytes (P < 0.01). Expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 activation increased in B cells treated with 10 mu mol/L resveratrol compared-with mitogen alone (P < 0.01), and trends for dose-responsive increases in Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activation were observed (P-trend < 0.0001). Differences in IgM and IgG production were not observed for PBMC treated with resveratrol. Kaempferol at 10 mu mol/L slightly inhibited proliferative responses (P < 0.05) but did not affect B cell function or apoptosis. Quercetin did not alter B cell proliferation, function, or apoptosis. These data show that human B lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis are modified by physiological concentrations of resveratrol and suggest that exposure of human B cells to resveratrol may increase survival by upregulating Bcl-2. J. Nutr. 139: 1603-1608, 2009. C1 [Zunino, Susan J.; Storms, David H.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM susan.zunino@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Current Research Information System [5306-51530-013-OOD] FX Supported by the USDA Current Research Information System project no. 5306-51530-013-OOD. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 139 IS 8 BP 1603 EP 1608 DI 10.3945/jn.109.105064 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 475LY UT WOS:000268362000026 PM 19549761 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA AF Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A. TI Validated treatments and therapeutic perspectives regarding nutritherapy SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIALS; VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE; INTACT PARATHYROID-HORMONE; HIP FRACTURE PATIENTS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; RISK-FACTORS; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM AB Nutritherapy seeks to prevent or correct disease by the use of nutritional supplements including vitamins, trace elements, or macronutrients. This chapter of the "Les Entretiens du Carla" reviews the potential of nutritherapy for the prevention or improvement of sarcopenia, which is the progressive reduction in muscle mass and muscle strength prevalent in late-life. It is critical that we review nutrients and their potential to maintain muscle mass and strength which ultimately will help minimize falls and fractures among the older population. Evidence from randomized-controlled trials will be reviewed for muscle mass as well as important sarcopenia-related endpoints including lower extremity strength and function, as well as falls and fallrelated fractures. This chapter will focus on vitamin D as a compelling strategy with evidence for strength gain, fall and fracture prevention from double-blind randomized controlled trials. The other strategy discussed is increased protein intake although longer-term trials and evidence for clinically important endpoints are limited. Today, there is no consistent data on other micronutrients or macronutrients with an established potential to combat sarcopenia. C1 [Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1279-7707 EI 1760-4788 J9 J NUTR HEALTH AGING JI J. Nutr. Health Aging PD AUG PY 2009 VL 13 IS 8 BP 737 EP 741 DI 10.1007/s12603-009-0207-6 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 503ZT UT WOS:000270582200014 PM 19657560 ER PT J AU Schoene, NW Kelly, MA Polansky, MM Anderson, RA AF Schoene, Norberta W. Kelly, Meghan A. Polansky, Marilyn M. Anderson, Richard A. TI A polyphenol mixture from cinnamon targets p38 MAP kinase-regulated signaling pathways to produce G2/M arrest SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cinnamon; Polyphenols; G2/M; p38 MAPK; Cyclin B1 ID CELL-CYCLE ARREST; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; CARCINOMA CELLS; CANCER-CELLS; CHECKPOINT; GENISTEIN; PHYTOCHEMICALS; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS AB We recently demonstrated that treatment of three leukemic cell lines with an aqueous extract of cinnamon (CE) for 24 h produced dose-dependent arrests in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. To accomplish the goal of understanding underlying mechanisms, we selected the cell line most responsive to the CE treatment to study the effects of the extract on signaling molecules regulating cell cycle progression. Cell cycle analyses were conducted on treated versus nontreated cells from 0-6 h. The percentages of cells in G2/M in CE-treated cells increased significantly from 11.0 +/- 1.0 to 23.6 +/- 1.4 after 6 h, while the percentage for nontreated cells remained unchanged (12.3 +/- 0.8). Multiparametric flow cytometric analyses were used to associate activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) with cells arrested in G2/M, the size of these cells, and the presence or absence of cyclin B1. After 4 h, there was a 26% increase in the activated phosphorylated form of p38 MAPK in CE-treated cells compared with the nontreated control cells, with larger cells showing the greater increases. Although the proportion of CE-treated cells in G2/M was higher than controls, this population was shown to be less positive for cyclin B I than the control G2/M population. Our results demonstrate that CE significantly modulated two signaling proteins, p38 MAPK and cyclin 13, that regulate progression through G2/M. Overall, the data provide evidence that CE affects proliferation in a leukemic cell line by disrupting critical phosphorylating/dephosphorylating signaling events that propel cells through the G2/M phase. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schoene, Norberta W.; Kelly, Meghan A.; Polansky, Marilyn M.; Anderson, Richard A.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schoene, NW (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM norberta.schoene@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 20 IS 8 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.06.006 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 477KT UT WOS:000268518700007 PM 18835704 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZX Johnson, WT Kang, YJ AF Zhou, Zhanxiang Johnson, W. Thomas Kang, Y. James TI Regression of copper-deficient heart hypertrophy: reduction in the size of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cell cycle; Copper; Hypertrophy; Mitosis; Myocardial regeneration; Regression ID ATRIAL-NATRIURETIC-PEPTIDE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FAILURE; MICE; CARDIOMYOPATHY; METALLOTHIONEIN; SUPPLEMENTATION; RESTRICTION; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS AB Dietary copper (Cu) deficiency causes cardiac hypertrophy and its transition to heart failure in a mouse model. Cu repletion results in rapid regression of cardiac hypertrophy and prevention of heart failure. The present study was undertaken to understand dynamic changes of cardiomyocytes in the hypertrophic heart during the regression. Darns of FVB mice were fed a Cu-deficient (CuD) diet (0.3 ring Cu/kg) starting on Day 3 post-delivery, and weanling pups were fed the same diet until Cu repletion (6.0 mg Cu/kg) in the diet at 31 days of age. Heart samples were obtained at the end of CuD feeding or at 3, 7, 14 or 28 days after Cu repletion. Cu deficiency resulted in increases in the size and reduction in the number of cardiomyocytes in the heart. Cu repletion led to regression in the size of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and normalization of the total number of cardiomyocytes. Although a direct reduction in the cell size would be significantly responsible for the regression of heart hypertrophy, some hypertrophic cardiomyocytes upon Cu repletion reentered the cell cycle as determined by Ki-67 staining in the cardiomyocyte-specific alpha-sarcomeric actin-stained cells and underwent division as determined by a mitosis-specific marker, phospho-histone 3. Quantitative analysis indicated that the replication of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes made a contribution of about one-third to the total mitosis of the regenerated myocardium. This study suggests that a direct reduction in the size of some hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and a replication of other hypertrophic cardiomyocytes with reduced size make a significant contribution to the regression of CuD heart hypertrophy, leading to normalization of the size and the number of cardiomyocytes in the heart. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Zhanxiang; Kang, Y. James] Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Johnson, W. Thomas] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Kang, Y. James] Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. RP Kang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM yjkang01@louisville.edu FU National Institutes of Health [HL63760] FX This study was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health through grant HL63760. Y.J.K. is a Distinguished University Scholar of the University of Louisville. We thank Xinggu Sun for providing technical assistance. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 20 IS 8 BP 621 EP 628 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.06.007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 477KT UT WOS:000268518700008 PM 19027282 ER PT J AU Schwarz, RS Jenkins, MC Klopp, S Miska, KB AF Schwarz, Ryan S. Jenkins, Mark C. Klopp, Spangler Miska, Katarzyna B. TI GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF EIMERIA SPP. POPULATIONS IN RELATION TO PERFORMANCE LEVELS OF BROILER CHICKEN FARMS IN ARKANSAS AND NORTH CAROLINA SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; IDENTIFICATION; COCCIDIOSIS; PATHOGENICITY; SENSITIVITY; PHYLOGENIES; INFECTIONS AB The impact of coccidiosis outbreaks on the productivity of broiler chicken farms can be substantial, depending on the severity of disease caused by particular species and strains of Eimeria. We examined the genetic diversity of Eimeria species present in commercial broiler farms in relation to their performance level. Four groups of broiler chicken farms in Arkansas (AR) and North Carolina (NC), having either high or low performance levels, were sampled for Eimeria spp. oocysts. We amplified gDNA from oocysts by using genus-specific primers targeting 18S ribosomal RNA, the First and second internal transcribed spacer regions, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 as the established species-specific primers. Eimeria spp. diversity was not homogenous among the 4 farm groups, with less-pathogenic species (E. mitis and E. mivati-like) associated with AR and NC high-performance farms, respectively, and a pathogenic species (E brunetti) associated with AR low-performance farms. Sequence analyses identified multiple E maxima and E. mitis genetic variants, from which 2 E maxima variants were unique to low-performance farms. Distinct populations of sequences at the NC high-performance farms were identified as E. mivati-like,based on homology searches. Our study demonstrated the utility of analyzing multiple genomic loci to assess composition and polymorphisms of Eimeria spp. populations. C1 [Schwarz, Ryan S.; Jenkins, Mark C.; Klopp, Spangler; Miska, Katarzyna B.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schwarz, RS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM schwarz.ryan@gmail.com NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 95 IS 4 BP 871 EP 880 DI 10.1645/GE-1898.1 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 489WJ UT WOS:000269455800014 PM 20049993 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC O'Brien, CN Murphy, C Schwarz, R Miska, K Rosenthal, B Trout, JM AF Jenkins, Mark C. O'Brien, Celia N. Murphy, Charles Schwarz, Ryan Miska, Katarzyna Rosenthal, Benjamin Trout, James M. TI ANTIBODIES TO THE VENTRAL DISC PROTEIN delta-GIARDIN PREVENT IN VITRO BINDING OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA TROPHOZOITES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-GIARDIN; IDENTIFICATION; CYTOSKELETON; ATTACHMENT; SEQUENCE; ANNEXIN; GENE; LOCALIZATION; MICROTUBULES; NUCLEOTIDE AB A cDNA coding for delta-giardin was cloned from Giardia lamblia trophozoites to localize the protein and to study its function in mediating surface attachment. Recombinant delta-giardin antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli as a poly-histidine fusion protein and was purified by affinity chromatography for production of antisera to delta-giardin. By immunoblotting analysis, antisera to recombinant delta-giardin antigen recognized a 31-kDa protein on G. lamblia trophozoites. Anti-recombinant delta-giardin was used to localize the native protein to the trophozoite ventral disk in both immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy assays. Pre-treatment of G. lamblia trophozoites with anti-delta-giardin sera caused morphological changes in the parasite and inhibited trophozoite binding to the surface of cell culture slides. Binding of antibodies to delta-giardin may provide a means of inhibiting attachment of G. lamblia trophozoites to the intestinal epithelium and thereby prevent clinical giardiasis. C1 [Jenkins, Mark C.; O'Brien, Celia N.; Murphy, Charles; Schwarz, Ryan; Miska, Katarzyna; Rosenthal, Benjamin; Trout, James M.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mark.jenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 95 IS 4 BP 895 EP 899 DI 10.1645/GE-1851.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 489WJ UT WOS:000269455800017 PM 19702359 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP AF Lindsay, David S. Dubey, J. P. TI Long-Term Survival of Toxoplasma gondii Sporulated Oocysts in Seawater SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA OTTERS; TRANSMISSION AB Toxoplasma gondii is now recognized as an important pathogen in costal marine mammals. Oocysts from cat feces are believed to be washed into seawater and serve as a source of infection via transport hosts. Experimentally, it has been demonstrated that T. gondii oocysts can sporulate in seawater and remain infectious for mice for up to 6 me. The present study examined the long-term survival of T. gondii in seawater (15 ppt NaCl) kept at 4 C or at room temperature. Oocysts kept at 4 C for 24 into were orally infections for mice, while those kept at room temperature for 24 mo were not. C1 [Lindsay, David S.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dubey, J. P.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lindsayd@vt.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [CA 830573-0101] FX Supported, in part, by grant CA 830573-0101 from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, to D.S.L. NR 13 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1019 EP 1020 DI 10.1645/GE-1919.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 489WJ UT WOS:000269455800036 PM 20050010 ER PT J AU Motil, KJ Morrissey, M Caeg, E Barrish, JO Glaze, DG AF Motil, Kathleen J. Morrissey, Matthew Caeg, Erwin Barrish, Judy O. Glaze, Daniel G. TI Gastrostomy Placement Improves Height and Weight Gain in Girls With Rett Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Body composition; Fundoplication; Gastrostomy; Growth; Neurologically impaired; Rett syndrome ID PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY; NEUROLOGICALLY IMPAIRED CHILDREN; CEREBRAL-PALSY; GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX; GROWTH FAILURE; MUTATION TYPE; MORBIDITY; TUBE; FUNDOPLICATION AB Background: Growth failure and undernutrition complicate the clinical course of girls with Rett syndrome (RTT). These abnormalities are, ill part, the consequence of oral motor dysfunction and inadequate dietary intake. Objective: To determine whether astrostomy placement for nutritional therapy alters the natural history of Growth failure and undernutrition in RTT. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that gastrostomy placement for nutritional therapy reverses the decline in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) z scores in RTT. Methods: Standard stadiometric and anthropometric measures were obtained to derive height, weight, and BMI 7 scores and estimates of fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat in a cohort of girls (n = 92) with RTT before and after gastrostomy placement. Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) Mutations and the presence or absence of a fundoplication were recorded. Results: The differences in height (n = 73), weight (it = 8 1). and BMI (n = 81) z score slopes before and after gastrostomy placement were 1.31 + 2.06 (P < 0.001), 2.38 +/- 3.18 (P < 0.001), and 3.25 +/- 3.32 (P < 0.001), respectively. FFM and body fat (n = 43) increased after gastrostomy by 41 +/- 27 g/cm height (P < 0.001) and 7.5% +/- 5.7% body weight (P < 0.001). respectively. The differences in height. weight and BMI z score slopes were similar regardless of the a-e at which the gastrostomy was placed. The differences in height, weight, and BMI 7 score slopes, as well its the change ill FFM and body fat deposition after gastrostomy placement. did not differ between those who did or did not have a fundoplication and among the classes of MECP2 Mutations. Conclusion: gastrostomy placement for aggressive nutritional therapy favorably altered the natural history Of growth failure and undernutrition ill RTT, but did not restore height and weight 7 scores to birth values, regardless of the age at which Surgery Occurred and in the presence or absence of a fundoplication. JPGN 49:237-242, 2009. C1 [Motil, Kathleen J.] Baylor Univ, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Motil, Kathleen J.; Morrissey, Matthew; Caeg, Erwin; Barrish, Judy O.; Glaze, Daniel G.] Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Motil, Kathleen J.; Glaze, Daniel G.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Glaze, Daniel G.] Baylor Univ, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Motil, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kmotil@bcm.edu FU Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture under Cooperative [6250-51000]; Rett Syndrome Association of Illinois; Blue Bird Circle FX This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston. TX. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture under Cooperative Agreement number 6250-51000 and with funds provided by the Rett Syndrome Association of Illinois and The Blue Bird Circle. The Contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organization imply endorsement by the US government. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 EI 1536-4801 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 477LD UT WOS:000268519700014 PM 19525868 ER PT J AU Schafer, MO Ritter, W Pettis, JS Teal, PEA Neumann, P AF Schaefer, Marc O. Ritter, Wolfgang Pettis, Jeff S. Teal, Peter E. A. Neumann, Peter TI Effects of organic acid treatments on small hive beetles, Aethina tumida, and the associated yeast Kodamaea ohmeri SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; Honeybee; Kodamaea ohmeri; Organic acid; Small hive beetle ID EUROPEAN HONEY-BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; OXALIC-ACID; NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA; INHIBITION; COLONIES; BIOLOGY AB In honeybee, Apis mellifera, colonies infested with larval and adult small hive beetles (SHB), hive material, and in particular honey, tends to ferment, probably due to SHB-associated yeasts such as the predominant Kodamaea ohmeri. Here, we test the effects of organic acids on K. ohmeri and on SHB-infested honey/pollen combs. Organic acids were applied at standard concentrations used by beekeepers to control other pests. In laboratory tests, the growth of K. ohmeri was significantly inhibited by lactic, formic and acetic acids. Treatments of SHB-infested honey/pollen combs (N = 18 colonies) with acetic acid significantly increased mortality of adult SHB and treatments with formic acid significantly reduced larval infestation. Our data suggest that treatment of honeybee colonies and storage rooms with organic acids could also help in reducing SHB damage. C1 [Pettis, Jeff S.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Teal, Peter E. A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med, Agr & Vet Entomol CMAVE Lab, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Neumann, Peter] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Neumann, Peter] Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Schaefer, Marc O.; Ritter, Wolfgang] CVUA, Fachgebiet Bienen, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. [Schaefer, Marc O.; Neumann, Peter] Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. RP Schafer, MO (reprint author), Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. EM marc.schaefer@hotmail.com FU German Federal Ministry for Food; Agriculture and Consumer Protection; Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food FX We would like to thank Josephine Johnson, Victor Levi, Nathan Rice and Andrew Ulsamer for providing technical and Weld assistance as well as one referee for constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Financial support was granted to M. S., W. R. and P. N. by the German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection, through the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 82 IS 3 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s10340-009-0252-2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 462PC UT WOS:000267367100011 ER PT J AU Olanya, OM Plant, AB Larkin, RP Honeycutt, CW AF Olanya, Ocen M. Plant, Andrew B. Larkin, Robert P. Honeycutt, Charles W. TI Infection Potential of Hairy Nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides) by Phytophthora infestans and Late Blight Implications of the Alternate Host SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solanum sarrachoides; P; infestans; infection rates; plant age; inoculum; potato; tomato ID POTATO LATE BLIGHT; LEAF WETNESS; TEMPERATURE; INOCULATION; DIVERSITY; DULCAMARA; STRAINS; ECUADOR; MAINE; A1 AB Infection of hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides Sendt.) by Phytophthora infestans has been reported. However, the epidemiological significance of hairy nightshade to potato late blight is not well known. Disease development and infection rates of P. infestans were quantified on hairy nightshade relative to tomato (cv. Brandywine) and potato (cv. Shepody) hosts to evaluate infection potential at 14, 18, 22 and 26 degrees C and 72, 82, 87, and 92% relative humidity (RH). The susceptibility of hairy nightshade to inoculum levels, weed ontogeny, and sporangia production potential were also investigated. Late blight development varied among hairy nightshade, tomato and potato hosts. Pathogen infection rates ranged from 0.0325 to 0.4674 gompits/day (unit for quantifying infection rates), and were significantly (P < 0.05) greater on potato and tomato than on hairy nightshade. Late blight severity was variably affected by RH. Disease levels on hairy nightshade varied with inoculum load; and ranged from 9 to 26% and 26 to 37% at low (5 x 10(3)) and high (25 x 10(3)) sporangia concentrations, respectively. Late blight was recorded irrespective of hairy nightshade ontogeny, and was significantly greater on 8-10 than 4-6-week-old plants. These results indicate that pathogen, environmental and host factors affect late blight development on hairy nightshade. C1 [Olanya, Ocen M.; Plant, Andrew B.; Larkin, Robert P.; Honeycutt, Charles W.] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 157 IS 7-8 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2008.01519.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 467PY UT WOS:000267754800006 ER PT J AU Sedlarova, M Lebeda, A Miksikova, P Duchoslav, M Sedlakova, B McCreight, JD AF Sedlarova, M. Lebeda, A. Miksikova, P. Duchoslav, M. Sedlakova, B. McCreight, J. D. TI Histological aspects of Cucumis melo PI 313970 resistance to Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces cichoracearum SO JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE cucurbit powdery mildew; histopathological changes; infection structures; melon; resistance mechanisms; resistant blister symptom ID POWDERY MILDEW; SPHAEROTHECA-FULIGINEA; ERYSIPHE-CICHORACEARUM; DEFENSE RESPONSES; SPECIES SPECTRUM; LEAVES; INFECTION; GENOTYPES; RACE-2; HOST AB Cucumis melo accession PI 313970 possesses numerous genes for race-specific resistance to powdery mildew incited by Podosphaera xanthii. It also exhibits resistant blister (RB) leaf reactions, characteristic for non-race-specificity, to several races of P. xanthii in California, U.S.A. Microscopic examination confirmed the presence of mycelia, conidiophores and conidia, and limited number of necrotic cells within and limited to RB tissue. PI 313970 was susceptible to inoculation with Czech isolates of P. xanthii and Golovinomyces cichoracearum on leaf discs. Frequency of conidial germination did not differ between pathogen species, or between PI 313970 and the susceptible cucumber cv. 'Stela'control, but number of germ tubes and appressoria, mycelial growth and conidial production of both pathogens through 144 hours post-inoculation were reduced in comparison with the susceptible control. Hypersensitive responses (HR) were not observed in 'Stela', but occurred to a limited extent in PI 313970 where <= 3% of examined sites had necrotic spots. These responses indicate two different resistance mechanisms to these powdery mildew isolates in PI 313970. The first mechanism targets conidial germination and appressoria formation. The second mechanism reduces pathogen growth and reproduction with minimal or no HR involvement and may be influenced by the first mechanism. Resistant blisters, observed only on intact leaves evidence a third and non-race-specific mechanism to P. xanthii and G. cichoracearum in PI 313970, based on our histological study. C1 [Sedlarova, M.; Lebeda, A.; Miksikova, P.; Duchoslav, M.; Sedlakova, B.] Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, CR-77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic. [McCreight, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Lebeda, A (reprint author), Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, CR-77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic. EM ales.lebeda@upol.cz FU Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [MSM 6198959215]; Czech Ministry of Agriculture [NPGZ-M/03-023] FX Authors are grateful to Ms. Drahomira Vondrakova and Ms. Jana Fuksova for excellent technical assistance. Funding of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MSM 6198959215) is greatly acknowledged. The Czech National Collection of Microorganisms is financially supported by the National Program of the Czech Ministry of Agriculture (NPGZ-M/03-023). NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 700561 WOLLGRASWEG 41, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1861-3829 J9 J PLANT DIS PROTECT JI J. Plant Dis. Prot. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 116 IS 4 BP 169 EP 176 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 491BU UT WOS:000269552700005 ER PT J AU Morris, K Lorenzen, MD Hiromasa, Y Tomich, JM Oppert, C Elpidina, EN Vinokurov, K Jurat-Fuentes, JL Fabrick, J Oppert, B AF Morris, Kaley Lorenzen, Marce D. Hiromasa, Yasuaki Tomich, John M. Oppert, Cris Elpidina, Elena N. Vinokurov, Konstantin Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis Fabrick, Jeff Oppert, Brenda TI Tribolium castaneum Larval Gut Transcriptome and Proteome: A Resource for the Study of the Coleopteran Gut SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; microarray; proteomics; Coleoptera; insect control; insect gut ID RED FLOUR BEETLE; ROOTWORM DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR COLEOPTERA; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; DIGESTIVE PROTEINASES; YELLOW MEALWORM; CYSTEINE; MIDGUT; ORGANIZATION; PROTEOLYSIS AB Tribolium castaneum is an important agricultural pest and an advanced genetic model for coleopteran insects. We have taken advantage of the recently acquired T. castaneum genome to identify T. castaneum genes and proteins in one of the more critical environmental inter-faces of the insect, the larval alimentary tract. Genetic transcripts isolated from the T. castaneum larval gut were labeled and hybridized to a custom array containing oligonucleotides from predicted genes in the T. castaneum genome. Through a ranking procedure based on relative labeling intensity, we found that approximately 17.6% of the genes represented in the array were predicted to be highly expressed in gut tissue. Several genes were selected to compare relative expression levels in larval gut, head, or carcass tissues using quantitative real-time PCR, and expression levels were, with few exceptions, consistent with the gut rankings. In parallel with the microarrays, proteins extracted from the T. castaneum larval gut were subjected to proteomic analysis. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis combined with MALDI-TOF resulted in the identification of 37 of 88 selected protein samples. As an alternative strategy, one-dimensional electrophoretic separation of T. castaneum larval gut proteins followed by two-dimensional nano-HPLC and ESI-MS/MS resulted in the identification of 98 proteins. A comparison of the proteomic studies indicated that 16 proteins were commonly identified in both, whereas 80 proteins from the proteomic analyses corresponded to genes with gut rankings indicative of high expression in the microarray analysis. These data serve as a resource of T. castaneum transcripts and proteins in the larval gut and provide the basis for comparative transcriptomic and proteomic studies related to the gut of coleopteran insects. C1 [Oppert, Brenda] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Morris, Kaley; Hiromasa, Yasuaki; Tomich, John M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biotechnol, Prote Core Facil, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lorenzen, Marce D.; Oppert, Cris; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Elpidina, Elena N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Phys Chem Biol, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Vinokurov, Konstantin] ASCR Vvi, Inst Entomol, Ctr Biol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Fabrick, Jeff] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu RI Vinokurov, Konstantin/F-9521-2011; Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012; OI Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis/0000-0002-8945-1814 FU KSU Targeted Excellence Award (JMT); NSF [0521587] FX We thank Kent Shelby and Steve Garczynski for their thoughtful comments, and Richard Beeman, Jeff Lord, and Yoonscong Park for cooperation to develop the microarray chip. Support for the project was made possible in part by a KSU Targeted Excellence Award (JMT) and an NSF Major Research Instrumentation Program Grant No. 0521587 (J.M.T.). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3889 EP 3898 DI 10.1021/pr900168z PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 479LV UT WOS:000268661800012 PM 19545177 ER PT J AU Markey, K Bengtson, D Gomez-Chiarri, M Leavitt, D Lipsky, A Scherer, E AF Markey, Kathryn Bengtson, David Gomez-Chiarri, Marta Leavitt, Dale Lipsky, Andrew Scherer, Eric TI ENVIRONMENTAL AND DISEASE MONITORING OF RHODE ISLAND SHELLFISH FARMS THROUGH THE EQIP PROGRAM 2006-2008 SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Markey, Kathryn; Bengtson, David; Gomez-Chiarri, Marta] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Leavitt, Dale] Roger Williams Univ, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. [Lipsky, Andrew; Scherer, Eric] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Warwick, RI 02886 USA. EM kmar520@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 653 EP 653 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700049 ER PT J AU Camara, M Taris, N Lang, RP Langdon, C AF Camara, Mark Taris, Nicolas Lang, R. Paul Langdon, Chris TI CAN MEASUREMENTS OF GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS ON PACIFIC OYSTER SPAT PREDICT THEIR GROWTH AND SURVIVAL IN THE FIELD? SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Camara, Mark; Taris, Nicolas] ARS, USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lang, R. Paul; Langdon, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 686 EP 686 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700100 ER PT J AU Camara, MC AF Camara, Mark C. TI GENETIC DIVERSITY OF WILD, NATURALIZED, AND SELECTIVELY BRED POPULATIONS OF THE PACIFIC OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA GIGAS) ASSESSED USING AFLP MARKERS. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Camara, Mark C.] USDA ARS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 686 EP 687 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700101 ER PT J AU Richards, GP AF Richards, Gary P. TI PHAGE AS A POSSIBLE INTERVENTION FOR VIBRIO TUBIASHII IN SHELLFISH HATCHERIES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richards, Gary P.] ARS, USDA, James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 724 EP 724 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700238 ER PT J AU Stick, DA Langdon, C Banks, MA Camara, MD AF Stick, David A. Langdon, Chris Banks, Michael A. Camara, Mark D. TI ANALYSIS OF GENETIC STRUCTURE WITHIN AND AMONG REMNANT POPULATIONS OF THE OLYMPIA OYSTER, OSTREA CONCHAPHILA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stick, David A.; Langdon, Chris; Banks, Michael A.] Oregon State Univ, COMES, HMSC, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Camara, Mark D.] USDA ARS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 732 EP 732 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700268 ER PT J AU Nicklas, TA AF Nicklas, Theresa A. TI Nutrient Profiling: The New Environment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE nutrient density; nutrient profiling; dietary guidelines; consumer research; standardized definition ID UNITED-STATES; RICH FOODS; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; QUALITY; DENSITY; HEALTH; INDEX AB The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends that individuals choose nutrient-dense foods to help meet nutrient needs without consuming excess calories, a concept that is supported by health professionals and nutrition organizations. With an increased emphasis on nutrient density, the 2005 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, in their Technical Report. called for more research to develop a valid and scientific method for defining the nutrient density of foods that can ultimately be useful on labels to help people build healthier diets Ill. Nutrient profiling is the science of ranking foods based on nutrient composition. Over the past years, numerous nutrient-profiling systems have emerged to provide guidance on improving diet quality, resulting in a heightened awareness of a need for a standardized definition of nutrient density. While nutrient-profiling systems are meant to help individuals make healthier food choices. their introduction to the marketplace leaves many unanswered questions regarding both the development of a scientific definition of nutrient density and its consumer application. The goal of this article is to review the roles of nutrient density and nutrient profiling in providing consumer guidance. Specifically, this review will summarize the current nutrition environment and address the need for future research around nutrient-profiling systems as a means to define nutrient density. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nicklas, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tnicklas@bcm.tmc.edu FU National Dairy Council; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [58-6250-6-003] FX Financial interests: The symposium was supported by the National Dairy Council. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) through specific cooperative agreement 58-6250-6-003. This work is a publication of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center. Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA. nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsements from the U.S. government. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 416S EP 420S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 583AE UT WOS:000276642300010 PM 20368381 ER PT J AU Brown, EM AF Brown, Eleanor M. TI COLLAGEN - A NATURAL SCAFFOLD FOR BIOLOGY AND ENGINEERING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 18-21, 2009 CL Wheeling, WV SP Amer Leather Chem Assoc ID 3-DIMENSIONAL-ENERGY MINIMIZED MODELS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; I COLLAGEN; CROSS-LINKING; TRIPLE-HELIX; TERMINAL TELOPEPTIDES; THERMAL-STABILITY; NEUTRAL SALTS; C-TELOPEPTIDE; HIDE POWDER AB Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, constitutes a quarter of the animal's total weight. The unique structure of fibrous collagens, a long triple helix that further associates into fibers, provides an insoluble scaffold that gives strength and form to the skin, tendons, bones, cornea and teeth. The ready availability, to meat eaters, of animal skins that Would putrefy, if left untreated, led to man's earliest venture into biomaterials engineering and resulted In the production Of leather. Through empirical methods, a number of tanning agents with a variety of properties were identified. The methods for production of leather evolved over several centuries as art and engineering with little understanding of the underlying science. Scientific advances of the twentieth century, including increasing use of collagen in medical biomaterial research, began to provide a basis for understanding the relationship between collagen structure and function in both biology and technology. During the past 20 years, leather researchers at ERRC have used experimental and theoretical approaches to investigate several methods for stabilizing collagen structure. This research, which includes studies of mineral and vegetable tannages, enzyme-catalyzed and aldehyde-based covalent crosslinks, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, will be reviewed. Insight gained from these studies and those of other leather and biomaterials scientists will be evaluated as steps toward a still elusive, comprehensive mechanism for stabilization of collagen in leather and other biomaterials. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM eleanor.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 89 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 104 IS 8 BP 275 EP 285 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 479ZH UT WOS:000268700500003 ER PT J AU Cantrell, KB Walker, TH AF Cantrell, Keri B. Walker, Terry H. TI Influence of Temperature on Growth and Peak Oil Biosynthesis in a Carbon-Limited Medium by Pythium irregulare SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE PUFA; Lipid production; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Fungal oil; Fermentations; Growth kinetics ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; YARROWIA-LIPOLYTICA; OLEAGINOUS MICROORGANISMS; LIPID-ACCUMULATION; MORTIERELLA-ALPINA; INDUSTRIAL FATS; EXTRACTION; DEGRADATION AB Kinetic analysis was investigated for a carbon-limited medium (C/N ratio = 5.0) supporting the growth of the 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5; omega-3) (EPA)-accumulating fungal organism Pythium irregulare. The productivity and yield parameters at three temperatures, 14, 21, and 28A degrees C, demonstrated growth-coupled synthesis for lipid-free biomass growth and lipid accumulation. For this system, the maximum specific growth rate and theoretical maximum biomass yield based on logistic growth kinetics were used to determine an activation energy of the growth process, E (g), of 36.5 kJ mol(-1). At 14, 21, and 28A degrees C, peak lipid yield occurred after culturing for 7, 4, and 3 days, respectively, with peak lipid yields of 8.14, 12.8, and 6.69 g lipid 100 g(-1) glucose. At these peak yields, the maximum lipid-free biomass productivity was achieved at the colder 14A degrees C temperature as well as an increased concentration of EPA-10.9 wt%. Despite these enhancements, the maximum relative lipid production (P (R(FA/B))) was achieved at 21A degrees C-19.1%. C1 [Cantrell, Keri B.] ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Walker, Terry H.] Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Cantrell, KB (reprint author), ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, USDA, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov RI Walker, Terry/A-2029-2016 OI Walker, Terry/0000-0002-3701-6386 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 8 BP 791 EP 797 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1409-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 473YX UT WOS:000268250400010 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC Shields, FD Knight, SS AF Smiley, Peter C., Jr. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Knight, Scott S. TI Designing Impact Assessments for Evaluating Ecological Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices on Streams(1) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural streams; conservation practices; environmental impacts; experimental design; environmental sampling; aquatic ecology; Conservation Effects Assessment Project ID RIVER RESTORATION; FISH COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; QUALITY; REHABILITATION; MISSISSIPPI; MANAGEMENT; PROGRAMS; HEALTH; CREEK AB Conservation practices are regularly implemented within agricultural watersheds throughout the United States without evaluating their ecological impacts. Impact assessments documenting how habitat and aquatic biota within streams respond to these practices are needed for evaluating the effects of conservation practices. Numerous sampling protocols have been developed for monitoring streams. However, protocols designed for monitoring studies are not appropriate for impact assessments. We developed guiding principles for designing impact assessments of ecological responses to conservation practices. The guiding principles are as follows: (1) develop the hypothesis first, (2) use replicated experimental designs having controls and treatments, (3) assess the habitat and biological characteristics with quantitative and repeatable sampling methods, (4) use multiple sampling techniques for collecting aquatic organisms, and (5) standardize sampling efforts for aquatic organisms. The guiding principles were applied in designing a study intended to evaluate the influence of herbaceous riparian buffers on channelized headwater streams in central Ohio. Our example highlights that the application of our recommendations will result in impact assessments that are hypothesis-driven and incorporate quantitative methods for the measurement of abiotic and biotic attributes. C1 [Smiley, Peter C., Jr.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Knight, Scott S.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM rocky.smiley@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 867 EP 878 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00330.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 477PV UT WOS:000268531900005 ER PT J AU Burr, G Gatlin, DM Hume, M AF Burr, Gary Gatlin, Delbert M., III Hume, Michael TI Effects of the Prebiotics GroBiotic((R))-A and Inulin on the Intestinal Microbiota of Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X MORONE-SAXATILIS; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L.; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; ARCTIC CHARR; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; DIETARY INULIN; BREWERS-YEAST; SOYBEAN-MEAL AB Two separate feeding trials examined the effects of dietary supplementation of the prebiotics GroBiotic((R))-A and inulin on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract microbiota of the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. In the first feeding trial, fish meal-based diets without prebiotics or supplemented with either GroBiotic((R))-A or inulin at 1% of dry weight were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile red drum (initial weight of 2.6 g) in 110-L aquaria operated as a brackish water (7 ppt) recirculating system for 8 wk. In the second feeding trial, soybean meal/fish meal-based diets supplemented with either GroBiotic((R))-A or inulin at 1% of dry weight were fed to triplicate groups of red drum (initial weight of 15.8 g) in 110-L aquaria operated as either a common recirculating water system or closed system with individual biofilters (independent aquaria) for 6 wk. Supplementation of the prebiotics in either feeding trial did not alter weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, or protein efficiency ratio of red drum fed the various diets. In the second feeding trial, the culture system significantly affected weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio although there were no effects of dietary treatments on fish performance or whole-body protein, lipid, moisture, or ash. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the gastrointestinal tract microbial community showed no effect of the dietary prebiotics as the microbial community appeared to be dominated by a single organism with very low diversity when compared with other livestock and fish species. DGGE of the microbial community in the biofilters of the independent aquariums showed a diverse microbial community that was not affected by the dietary prebiotics. C1 [Burr, Gary; Gatlin, Delbert M., III] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hume, Michael] USDA, ARS, Food & Feed Safety Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Hume, Michael] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Gatlin, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FU Texas Sea Grant College Program FX The authors would like to thank the Texas Sea Grant College Program for funding this research. We also thank International Ingredient Corporation (St. Louis, MO) for providing GroBiotic (R)- A and Encore Technologies for providing the inulin. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Marine Development Center provided red drum used in this study and their support is gratefully acknowledged. Charles Hernandez (USDA- ARS, Southern Plains Area) provided technical support and knowledge. We also would like to thank Brian Ray and Brandon Booth (Aquacultural Research and Teaching Facility) for their technical assistance. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP 440 EP 449 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 478LO UT WOS:000268590000002 ER PT J AU Davis, KB McEntire, M AF Davis, Kenneth B. McEntire, Matthew TI Comparison of the Cortisol and Glucose Stress Response to Acute Confinement among White Bass, Morone chrysops, Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis, and Sunshine Bass, Morone chrysops X Morone saxatilis SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; CORTICOSTEROIDS; PALMETTO; DYNAMICS C1 [Davis, Kenneth B.; McEntire, Matthew] USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP 567 EP 572 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 478LO UT WOS:000268590000016 ER PT J AU Dirikolu, L Karpiesiuk, W Lehner, AF Hughes, C Granstrom, DE Tobin, T AF Dirikolu, L. Karpiesiuk, W. Lehner, A. F. Hughes, C. Granstrom, D. E. Tobin, T. TI Synthesis and detection of toltrazuril sulfone and its pharmacokinetics in horses following administration in dimethylsulfoxide SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID VETERINARY-MEDICINE; DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE; SPECIAL SERIES; ABSORPTION; FORMULATION; TOXICITY; BUSULFAN AB Triazine-based antiprotozoal agents are known for their lipophylic characteristics and may therefore be expected to be well absorbed following oral administration. However, although an increase in lipid solubility generally increases the absorption of chemicals, extremely lipid-soluble chemicals may dissolve poorly in gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, and their corresponding absorption and bioavailability would be low. Also, if the compound is administered in solid form and is relatively insoluble in GI fluids, it is likely to have limited contact with the GI mucosa, and therefore, its rate of absorption will be low. Based on the above considerations, we sought a solvent with low or no toxicity that would maintain triazine agents in solution. As the oral route is most preferred for daily drug therapy, such a solvent would allow an increased rate of absorption following oral administration. In present study, it was demonstrated that dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) increased the oral bioavailability of toltrazuril sulfone (Ponazuril) threefold, relative to oral administrations of toltrazuril sulfone suspended in water. The cross-over study of toltrazuril sulfone formulated in DMSO indicated that the absolute oral bioavailability of toltrazuril sulfone in DMSO is 71%. The high bioavailability of the DMSO-preparation suggests that its daily oral administration will routinely yield effective plasma and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) concentrations in all horses treated. Also, this improved formulation would allow clinicians to administer loading doses of toltrazuril sulfone in acute cases of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis. Another option would involve administration of toltrazuril sulfone in DMSO mixed with feed (1.23 kg daily dose) meeting the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations for the levels of DMSO permissible in pharmaceutical preparations. C1 [Dirikolu, L.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Karpiesiuk, W.; Lehner, A. F.; Hughes, C.; Tobin, T.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Maxwell H Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Granstrom, D. E.] USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dirikolu, L (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. EM dirikolu@uiuc.edu NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7783 J9 J VET PHARMACOL THER JI J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 368 EP 378 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01053.x PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences GA 468PU UT WOS:000267832700008 PM 19614842 ER PT J AU Atwood, TC Gese, EM Kunkel, KE AF Atwood, Todd C. Gese, Eric M. Kunkel, Kyran E. TI Spatial Partitioning of Predation Risk in a Multiple Predator-Multiple Prey System SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE antipredator behavior; functional response; habitat attributes; predation; risk enhancement; spatial modeling ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; WOLVES; PATTERNS; MONTANA; VULNERABILITY; POPULATIONS; SUPPRESSION; COMPLEXITY AB Minimizing risk of predation from multiple predators can be difficult, particularly when the risk effects of one predator species may influence vulnerability to a second predator species. We decomposed spatial risk of predation in a 2-predator, 2-prey system into relative risk of encounter and, given an encounter, conditional relative risk of being killed. Then, we generated spatially explicit functions of total risk of predation for each prey species (elk [Cervus elaphus] and mule deer [Odocoileus hemionus]) by combining risks of encounter and kill. For both mule deer and elk, topographic and vegetation type effects, along with resource selection by their primary predator (cougars [Puma concolor] and wolves [Canis lupus], respectively), strongly influenced risk of encounter. Following an encounter, topographic and vegetation type effects altered the risk of predation for both ungulates. For mule deer, risk of direct predation was largely a function of cougar resource selection. However, for elk, risk of direct predation was not only a function of wolf occurrence, but also of habitat attributes that increased elk vulnerability to predation following an encounter. Our analysis of stage-based (i.e., encounter and kill) predation indicates that the risk effect of elk shifting to structurally complex habitat may ameliorate risk of direct predation by wolves but exacerbate risk of direct predation by cougars. Information on spatiotemporal patterns of predation will be become increasingly important as state agencies in the western United States face pressure to integrate predator and prey management. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 876-884; 2009) C1 [Atwood, Todd C.; Gese, Eric M.; Kunkel, Kyran E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Atwood, TC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM todd.c.atwood@aphis.usda.gov RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture; Animal Plant Health Inspection Service-; Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center, Boone; Crockett Club, Pope; Young Club; Turner Endangered Species Foundation; Turner Enterprises International FX This study was funded by United States Department of Agriculture-Animal Plant Health Inspection Service-Wildlife Services-National Wildlife Research Center, Boone and Crockett Club, Pope and Young Club, Turner Endangered Species Foundation, and Turner Enterprises International. B. Beehler, J. Brown, A. Corcoran, J. Morel, A. Nelson, K. Nittinger, and A. Webber provided valuable assistance in the field. We thank J. Goheen, F. Provenza, M. Wolfe, R. Schmidt, N. T. Hobbs, and J. Fryxell for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 9 U2 63 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 876 EP 884 DI 10.2193/2008-325 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 480HJ UT WOS:000268724200009 ER PT J AU Chinnadurai, SK Millspaugh, JJ Matthews, WS Canter, K Slotow, R Washburn, BE Woods, RJ AF Chinnadurai, Sathya K. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Matthews, Wayne S. Canter, Kirsten Slotow, Rob Washburn, Brian E. Woods, Rami J. TI Validation of Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Assays for South African Herbivores SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adrenal activity; assay validation; fecal glucocorticoid assay; herbivore; physiological stress; radioimmunoassay; stress; South Africa ID ZONOTRICHIA-LEUCOPHRYS-GAMBELII; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS-RESPONSE; CHEETAH ACINONYX-JUBATUS; ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION; CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; HORMONES; BIRDS; ELK; CONSERVATION AB Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) assays are a popular means of monitoring adrenocortical activity (i.e., physiological stress response) in wildlife. Species-specific differences in glucocorticoid metabolism and excretion require assay validation, including both laboratory and biological components, before assay use in new species. We validated a commercially available radioimmunoassay (MP 125 I corticosterone RIA kit [MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH]) for measuring FGMs of several South African herbivores, including giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), impala (Aepyceros melampus), nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), and zebra (Equus burchelli). These herbivores are important in South African parks and reserves for ecotourism and as a prey base for predators and serve an integral role in ecosystem processes. Standard biochemical validations (e. g., recovery of exogenous corticosterone, intra-and interassay variation, and parallelism) demonstrated that the assay accurately and precisely measured FGMs of all 6 herbivore species. Our biological validations demonstrated that the assay was sensitive enough to detect changes in FGM production associated with season. Samples collected during the dry season (Jun-Aug) contained higher FGM concentrations than those from the wet season (Dec-Feb) in all species. We established optimal sample dilutions and reference FGM levels for these 6 herbivores, which can now be used to monitor the effects of management and ecotourism activities on the stress responses of these herbivores. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6):1014-1020; 2009) C1 [Chinnadurai, Sathya K.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.; Woods, Rami J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Matthews, Wayne S.] Ezemvelo KwaZulu Natal Wildlife, ZA-3973 Kwangwanase, South Africa. [Canter, Kirsten; Slotow, Rob] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Washburn, Brian E.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Chinnadurai, SK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM MillspaughJ@missouri.edu OI Slotow, Rob/0000-0001-9469-1508 FU Wildlands Conservation Trust; National Research Foundation [GUN 2053623]; Brown Fellowship for International Agriculture; University of Missouri College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources FX We thank D. Matenjwa, T. Mtembu, and A. Tembe for assistance with data collection in the field and H. Priest, A. Roam, and A. Failer for assistance in processing the samples. We thank personnel at Tembe Elephant Park and the Thanda Game Reserve for support of this research. Field logistics were supported by Wildlands Conservation Trust and National Research Foundation bursary to K. Canter on a grant to R. Slotow (GUN 2053623). Financial support for travel and sample collection was provided by the Brown Fellowship for International Agriculture and the University of Missouri College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources. The University of Missouri South African Partnerships Program and the University of Missouri Alumni Association provided additional grant support for this research. We are grateful to D. Atwill of Columbia, Missouri, for introductions leading to collaborative research projects between the University of Missouri and the University of KwaZulu-Natal. We thank R. Hudson and 2 anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1014 EP 1020 DI 10.2193/2008-430 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 480HJ UT WOS:000268724200026 ER PT J AU Buell, JS Scott, TM Dawson-Hughes, B Dallal, GE Rosenberg, IH Folstein, MF Tucker, KL AF Buell, Jennifer S. Scott, Tammy M. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Dallal, Gerard E. Rosenberg, Irwin H. Folstein, Marshal F. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Vitamin D Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Elders Receiving Home Health Services SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cognitive function; Vitamin D; Elderly people; Dementia ID 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; D INSUFFICIENCY; RENAL-DISEASE; POPULATION; RISK; CALCIUM; PREVALENCE; HORMONE; WOMEN; FALLS AB The objective of this study was to examine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, and cognitive function. A cross-sectional investigation of 25(OH)D and cognition was completed in 377 black and 703 non-black (mainly Caucasian) elders (65-99 years) participating in the nutrition and memory in elders study. Participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and 25(OH)D concentrations were obtained. More than 65% of elders had suboptimal 25(OH)D concentrations (< 20 ng/mL or < 50 nmol/L). Approximately 18% were deficient in 25(OH)D (< 10 ng/mL or < 25 nmol/L). After adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, education, center, kidney function, seasonality, physical activity, and alcohol use, 25(OH)D was associated with better performance on trails A (beta = -0.49, p < .03), trails B (beta = -0.73, p < .02), digit symbol (beta = 0.19, p < .001), matrix reasoning (beta = 0.04, p < .02), and block design (beta = 0.07, p < .04) tests. Associations remained after adjustment for homocysteine, apoE4 allele, plasma B vitamins, and multivitamin use (y/n). 25(OH)D concentrations > 20 ng/mL were associated with better performance on tests of executive function, including trails A (80.5 vs 95, p < .05), trails B (205s vs 226s, p < .05), matrix reasoning (7.8 vs 7.0, p = .03), and digit symbol (31.5 vs 37, p < .01). There were no associations between 25(OH)D and memory tests. Factor analysis yielded factors for memory, executive function, and attention/processing speed. After adjustment, 25(OH)D was associated with the executive function (beta = 0.01, p < 0.01) and attention/processing speed factors (beta = 0.01, p = .03), but not the memory factor (beta = -0.001, p = 0.65). 25(OH)D was positively associated with cognitive performance, particularly with measures of executive function in this elderly population. C1 [Buell, Jennifer S.; Scott, Tammy M.; Dallal, Gerard E.; Rosenberg, Irwin H.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Scott, Tammy M.; Folstein, Marshal F.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Dallal, Gerard E.; Rosenberg, Irwin H.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU National Institutes of Health [AG21790-01]; National Centerfor Research Resources of the NIH; United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX The authors would like to thank the efforts of John Griffi th, PhD, Lori Lyn Price, MS, and the Tufts-NEMC General Clinical Research Facility for their support and guidance in the data management of this study and Dr Wendy Qiu for her dedication to the conduct and oversight of the study procedures. J. E. B. designed the analysis and drafted the manuscript; T. M. S. advised on experimental design and interpretation of the cognitive data; G. E. D. advised on data analysis; B. D. H., I. H. R., and M. F. F. provided advice on the content; and K. L. T. oversaw the data analysis and fi nal preparation of the manuscript. All authors reviewed the fi nal version. This research was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grant, AG21790-01; the Tufts New England Medical Center General Clinical Research Center, funded by the National Centerfor Research Resources of the NIH; and by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service agreement # 58-1950-7-707. NR 41 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1079-5006 EI 1758-535X J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 64 IS 8 BP 888 EP 895 DI 10.1093/gerona/glp032 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 472EB UT WOS:000268111000009 PM 19377013 ER PT J AU Coss-Bu, JA Sunchag, AL Haymond, MW AF Coss-Bu, Jorge A. Sunchag, Agneta L. Haymond, Morey W. TI Contribution of galactose and fructose to glucose homeostasis SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID METABOLISM; GLUCONEOGENESIS; PATHWAYS; HUMANS; QUANTITATION; APPEARANCE; CONVERSION; CHILDREN; LIVER AB To determine the contributions of galactose and fructose to glucose formation, 6 subjects (26 +/- 2 years old; body mass index, 22.4 +/- 0.2 kg/m(2)) (mean +/- SE) were studied during fasting conditions. Three subjects received a primed constant intravenous infusion of [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose for 3 hours followed by oral bolus ingestion of galactose labeled to 2% with [U-(13)C]galactose (0.72 g/kg); the other 3 subjects received a primed constant intravenous infusion of [6,6(-2)H(2)]glucose followed by either a bolus ingestion of fructose alone (0.72 g/kg) (labeled to 2% with [U-(13)C]fructose) or coingestion of fructose (labeled with [U-(13)C] fructose) (0.72 g/kg) and unlabeled glucose (0.72 g/kg). Four hours after ingestion, subjects received 1 mg of glucagon intravenously to stimulate glycogenolysis. When galactose was ingested alone, the area under the curve (AUC) of [(13)C(6)]glucose and [(13)C(3)]glucose was 7.28 +/- 0.39 and 3.52 +/- 0.05 mmol/L per 4 hours, respectively. When [U-(13)C] fructose was ingested with unlabeled fructose or unlabeled fructose plus glucose, no [(13)C(6)]glucose was detected in plasma. The AUC of [(13)C(3)]glucose after fructose and fructose plus glucose ingestion was 20.21 +/- 2.41 and 6.25 +/- 0.34 mmol/L per 4 hours, respectively. Comparing the AUC for the (13)C(3) VS (13)C(6) enrichments, 67% of oral galactose enters the systemic circulation via a direct route and 33% via an indirect route. In contrast, fructose only enters the systemic circulation via the indirect route. Finally, when ingested alone, fructose and galactose contribute little to glycogen synthesis. After the coingestion of fructose and glucose with the resultant insulin response from the glucose, fructose is a significant contributor to glycogen synthesis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Coss-Bu, Jorge A.; Sunchag, Agneta L.; Haymond, Morey W.] USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Haymond, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mhaymond@bcm.tme.edu FU USDA Cooperative Agreement [6250-51000-048]; National Institutes of Health [5 RO1 DK 55478] FX Supported by grant 6250-51000-048 from the USDA Cooperative Agreement and by grant 5 RO1 DK 55478 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1050 EP 1058 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.02.018 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 480ZB UT WOS:000268774800002 PM 19481772 ER PT J AU Viljakainen, L Evans, JD Hasselmann, M Rueppell, O Tingek, S Pamilo, P AF Viljakainen, Lumi Evans, Jay D. Hasselmann, Martin Rueppell, Olav Tingek, Salim Pamilo, Pekka TI Rapid Evolution of Immune Proteins in Social Insects SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ants; honeybees; molecular evolution; positive selection; immune system ID AMINO-ACID SITES; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE GENES; BUMBLEBEE BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; POSITIVE SELECTION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; APIS-MELLIFERA; HONEY-BEES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION AB The existence of behavioral traits connected to defense against pathogens manifests the importance of pathogens in the evolution of social insects. However, very little is known about how pathogen pressure has affected the molecular evolution of genes involved in their innate immune system. We have studied the sequence evolution of several immune genes in ants and honeybees. The results show high rates of evolution in both ants and honeybees as measured by the ratio of amino acid changes to silent nucleotide changes, the ratio being clearly higher than in Drosophila immune genes or in nonimmunity genes of bees. This conforms to our expectations based on high pathogen pressure in social insects. The codon-based likelihood method found clear evidence of positive selection only in one ant gene, even though positive selection has earlier been found in both ant and termite immune genes. There is now indication that selection on the amino acid composition of the immune-related genes has been an important part in the fight against pathogens by social insects. However, we cannot distinguish in all the cases whether the high observed d(N)/d(S) ratio results from positive selection within a restricted part of the studied genes or from relaxation of purifying selection associated with effective measures of behaviorally based colony-level defenses. C1 [Viljakainen, Lumi] Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, Oulu, Finland. [Viljakainen, Lumi] Univ Oulu, Bioctr Oulu, Oulu, Finland. [Evans, Jay D.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Hasselmann, Martin] Heinrich Heine Univ, Dept Genet, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Rueppell, Olav] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Tingek, Salim] Agr Res Stn, Tenom, Borneo, Malaysia. [Pamilo, Pekka] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Viljakainen, L (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, Oulu, Finland. EM lumi.viljakainen@oulu.fi RI Rueppell, Olav/G-2679-2010; Pamilo, Pekka/C-6907-2011; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Hasselmann, Martin/E-7681-2014 OI Rueppell, Olav/0000-0001-5370-4229; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; FU Academy of Finland [122210]; National Science Foundation [0615502] FX We would like to thank Riitta Jokela and Dawn Lopez for technical assistance, Perttu Seppa" and Snbjom Palsson for the help in collecting the samples, and Gunther Jansen and Jenni Leppanen for providing Myrmica samples. This project was supported by grants from the Academy of Finland to P. P. (# 122210) and from the National Science Foundation grant (# 0615502) to O. R.. We also would like to thank Robert E. Page Jr. for additional NR 67 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1791 EP 1801 DI 10.1093/molbev/msp086 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 475BU UT WOS:000268331600012 PM 19387012 ER PT J AU Gaskin, JF Wheeler, GS Purcell, MF Taylor, GS AF Gaskin, John F. Wheeler, Gregory S. Purcell, Matthew F. Taylor, Gary S. TI Molecular evidence of hybridization in Florida's sheoak (Casuarina spp.) invasion SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Casuarina; Florida; hybridization; invasive ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENETIC-VARIATION; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; RAPD MARKERS; INFERENCE; INTROGRESSION; INVASIVENESS; INDIVIDUALS; POPULATIONS AB The presence of hybrids in plant invasions can indicate a potential for rapid adaptation and an added level of complexity in management of the invasion. Three Casuarina tree species, Casuarina glauca, Casuarina cunninghamiana and Casuarina equisetifolia, native to Australia, are naturalized in Florida, USA. Many Florida Casuarina trees are considered unidentifiable, presumably due to interspecific hybridization. We collected tissue from over 500 trees from Australia and Florida and genotyped these using amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Our goal was to determine the exact identity of the Florida species, including any putative hybrid combinations. In Australia, we found high assignment values to the three parental species, and no evidence of hybridization. In Florida, we found many trees with strong assignment to any one of the three species, as well as 49 trees with assignment values intermediate to C. glauca and C. equisetifolia, suggesting hybridization between these species. One population of 10 trees had assignment values intermediate to C. cunninghamiana and C. glauca, suggesting additional hybridization. For 69 of these putative hybrid and parental types, we sequenced a low-copy intron of nuclear G3pdh, and these sequences indicated that some Florida trees contain heterozygotic combinations of C. glauca and C. equisetifolia haplotypes. The presence of novel hybrids in the Florida invasion may enhance evolution of invasive traits in these species. Novel Casuarina hybrids in Florida have no coevolutionary history with any insects or diseases, which may be problematic for biological control efforts. C1 [Gaskin, John F.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Wheeler, Gregory S.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Purcell, Matthew F.] USDA ARS, Australian Biol Control Lab, CSIRO Entomol, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Taylor, Gary S.] Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodivers, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Taylor, Gary S.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Gaskin, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM john.gaskin@ars.usda.gov OI Gaskin, John/0000-0001-7338-3880 FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection [SL849]; South Florida Water Management [3600001096] FX B. Brown, B. Castle, T. Center, M. Schwarzlander, A. Ferriter and K. Langeland provided leaf material collections. D. Gordon, R. Srygley and two anonymous referees provided insightful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. K. Mann and J. Lassey performed the AFLP analysis and DNA sequencing. Funding was provided in part by Florida Department of Environmental Protection (grant # SL849) and the South Florida Water Management (grant # 3600001096). NR 46 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 15 BP 3216 EP 3226 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04282.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 476QK UT WOS:000268457200009 PM 19627489 ER PT J AU Phillips, CD Trujillo, RG Gelatt, TS Smolen, MJ Matson, CW Honeycutt, RL Patton, JC Bickham, JW AF Phillips, C. D. Trujillo, R. G. Gelatt, T. S. Smolen, M. J. Matson, C. W. Honeycutt, R. L. Patton, J. C. Bickham, J. W. TI Assessing substitution patterns, rates and homoplasy at HVRI of Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE convergent molecular evolution; Eumetopias jubatus; homoplasy; HVRI; Steller sea lion; substitution rate ID HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MTDNA CONTROL REGION; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; MUTATION-RATE; HYPOTHESIS; LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCES; SITES; TREE; VARIABILITY AB Despite the widely recognized incidence of homoplasy characterizing this region, the hypervariable region I (HVRI) of the mitochondrial control region is one of the most frequently used genetic markers for population genetic and phylogeographic studies. We present an evolutionary analysis of HVRI and cytochrome b sequences from a range-wide survey of 1031 Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus, to quantify homoplasy and substitution rate at HVRI. Variation in HVRI was distributed across 41 variable sites in the 238-bp segment examined. All variants at HVR1 were found to be transitions. However, our analyses suggest that a minimum of 101 changes have actually occurred within HVRI with as many as 18 substitutions occurring at a single site. By including this hidden variation into our analyses, several instances of apparent long-range dispersal were resolved to be homoplasies and 8.5-12% of observed HVRI haplotypes were found to have geographic distributions descriptive of convergent molecular evolution rather than identity by descent. We estimate the rate of substitution at HVRI in Steller sea lions to be similar to 24 times that of cytochrome b with an absolute rate of HVRI substitution estimated at 27.45% per million years. These findings have direct implications regarding the utility of HVRI data to generate a variety of evolutionary genetic hypotheses. C1 [Phillips, C. D.; Smolen, M. J.; Patton, J. C.; Bickham, J. W.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Phillips, C. D.; Patton, J. C.; Bickham, J. W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Trujillo, R. G.] Univ Missouri, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Gelatt, T. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NE Seattle, WA 98114 USA. [Matson, C. W.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Honeycutt, R. L.] Pepperdine Univ, Div Nat Sci, Malibu, CA 90263 USA. RP Phillips, CD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM phillip6@purdue.edu RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010 OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357 FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the numerous biologists who provided tissue samples, especially V. Burkanov (coordinator for the collecting trips in Russia), T. Loughlin and D. Calkins, the NOAA cruises in the Aleutians and the Gulf of Alaska, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Thanks to K. M. Nichols, O. E. Rhodes, J. A. DeWoody, as well as three anonymous referees for their valuable insights and suggestions. Also, special thanks to David Horner for providing the python script used to retrieve site-specific rate assignments from the tree-puzzle output. R. G. Trujillo would like to thank the Hispanic Leadership Program in Agriculture and Natural Resources at Texas A&M University. This study was conducted in partial fulfilment of C. D. Phillips' dissertation. Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Wildlife and Contaminants Program of the World Wildlife Fund. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 16 BP 3379 EP 3393 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04283.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 480TQ UT WOS:000268760100006 PM 19627492 ER PT J AU Johnson, EG Krasnoff, SB Bignell, DRD Chung, WC Tao, T Parry, RJ Loria, R Gibson, DM AF Johnson, Evan G. Krasnoff, Stuart B. Bignell, Dawn R. D. Chung, Wen-Chuan Tao, Tao Parry, Ronald J. Loria, Rosemary Gibson, Donna M. TI 4-Nitrotryptophan is a substrate for the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase TxtB in the thaxtomin A biosynthetic pathway SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; STREPTOMYCES-COELICOLOR A3(2); PLANT-PATHOGENIC STREPTOMYCES; ADENYLATION DOMAINS; CYTOCHROME-P450 COMPLEMENT; COMMON SCAB; IN-VITRO; ACIDISCABIES; PHYTOTOXIN; QUANTIFICATION AB Thaxtomin A, a cyclic dipeptide with a nitrated tryptophan moiety, is a phytotoxic pathogenicity determinant in scab-causing Streptomyces species that inhibits cellulose synthesis by an unknown mechanism. Thaxtomin A is produced by the action of two non-ribosomal peptide synthetase modules (TxtA and TxtB) and a complement of modifying enzymes, although the order of biosynthesis has not yet been determined. Analysis of a thaxtomin dual module knockout mutant and single module knockout mutants revealed that 4-nitrotryptophan is an intermediate in thaxtomin A biosynthesis prior to backbone assembly. The 4-nitrotryptophan represents a novel substrate for non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. Through identification of N-methyl-4-nitrotryptophan in a single module knockout and the use of adenylation domain specificity prediction software, TxtB was identified as the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase module specific for 4-nitrotryptophan. C1 [Krasnoff, Stuart B.; Gibson, Donna M.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Johnson, Evan G.; Bignell, Dawn R. D.; Chung, Wen-Chuan; Loria, Rosemary] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tao, Tao; Parry, Ronald J.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Gibson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Donna.Gibson@ars.usda.gov RI Johnson, Evan/B-9864-2008 OI Johnson, Evan/0000-0001-7672-2120 FU National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-35319-19202]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-0729]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2001-52104-11484]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) Chemistry of Biological Systems Training Grant at Cornell University FX This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, Grant No. 2005-35319-19202 ( R. L.); by the Robert A. Welch Foundation Grant C-0729 (R.J.P.); by The Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems Grant No. 2001-52104-11484 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service ( R. L.); and by a research fellowship to E.G.J. through National Institutes of Health (NIH) Chemistry of Biological Systems Training Grant at Cornell University. The authors thank Scott Sacra and Joo-Young Maeng for technical assistance. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 73 IS 3 BP 409 EP 418 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06780.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 481FL UT WOS:000268792700008 PM 19570136 ER PT J AU Martinez-Villaluenga, C Dia, VP Berhow, M Bringe, NA de Mejia, EG AF Martinez-Villaluenga, Cristina Dia, Vermont P. Berhow, Mark Bringe, Neal A. de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez TI Protein hydrolysates from beta-conglycinin enriched soybean genotypes inhibit lipid accumulation and inflammation in vitro SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; beta-conglycinin; Inflammation; Lipid metabolism; Soy protein hydrolysates ID FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; SOY PROTEIN; BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; BODY-WEIGHT; FOOD-INTAKE; OBESE MICE; CELLS; RATS; MACROPHAGES AB Obesity is a worldwide health concern and a well recognized predictor of premature mortality associated with a state of chronic inflammation. The objective was to evaluate the effect of soy protein hydrolysates (SPH) produced from different soybean genotypes by alcalase (SAH) or simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGIH) on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The anti-inflammatory effect of SPH produced by alcalase on LPS-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line was also investigated. SAH (100 mu M) derived from soybean enriched in beta-conglycinin (BC) (up to 47% total protein) decreased lipid accumulation (33-37% inhibition) through downregulation of gene expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). SGIH (100 mu M) inhibited lipid accumulation to a lesser extent (8-14% inhibition) through inhibition of LPL gene expression. SAH (5 mu M) decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) (18-35%) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) (47-71%) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (31-53%) and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) (30-52%). This is the first investigation showing that soy hydrolysates inhibit LPS-induced iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE(2) pathways in macrophages. Soybeans enriched in BCs can provide hydrolysates that limit fat accumulation in fat cells and inflammatory pathways in vitro and therefore warrant further Studies as a healthful food. C1 [Martinez-Villaluenga, Cristina; Dia, Vermont P.; de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Berhow, Mark] ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Bringe, Neal A.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. RP de Mejia, EG (reprint author), 228 ERML,MC 051,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM edemejia@illinois.edu OI Martinez-Villaluenga, Cristina/0000-0002-1155-6464 NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1018 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200800473 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 486YI UT WOS:000269236500010 PM 19603404 ER PT J AU Willyard, A Cronn, R Liston, A AF Willyard, Ann Cronn, Richard Liston, Aaron TI Reticulate evolution and incomplete lineage sorting among the ponderosa pines SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Pinus; Pine; Hybridization; Low copy nuclear loci; Reticulate evolution; LEA; WD-40; trnG ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; STATISTICAL TESTS; PINUS PINACEAE; NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; DNA POLYMORPHISM; TREE; RECOMBINATION; SYSTEMATICS AB Interspecific gene flow via hybridization may play a major role in evolution by creating reticulate rather than hierarchical lineages in plant species. Occasional diploid pine hybrids indicate the potential for introgression, but reticulation is hard to detect because ancestral polymorphism is still shared across many groups of pine species. Nucleotide sequences for 53 accessions from 17 species in subsection Ponderosae (Pinus) provide evidence for reticulate evolution. Two discordant patterns among independent low-copy nuclear gene trees and a chloroplast haplotype are better explained by introgression than incomplete lineage sorting or other causes of incongruence. Conflicting resolution of three monophyletic Pinus coulteri accessions is best explained by ancient introgression followed by a genetic bottleneck. More recent hybridization transferred a chloroplast from P. jeffreyi to a sympatric P. washoensis individual. We conclude that incomplete lineage sorting could account for other examples of non-monophyly, and caution against any analysis based on single-accession or single-locus sampling in Pinus. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Willyard, Ann; Liston, Aaron] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Willyard, Ann] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Willyard, Ann] Hendrix Coll, Dept Biol, Conway, AR 72032 USA. [Cronn, Richard] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Liston, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Ann.Willyard@USD.edu; rcronn@fs.fed.us; listona@science.oregonstate.edu OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0317108]; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank Mariah Parker-DeFeniks, Anthony Shireman, Carla Streng, and Kathleen Farrell for laboratory work. The many collectors who generously contributed plant material are gratefully acknowledged in our GenBank records. We are indebted to David Gernandt for sharing unpublished information as well as helpful comments. We thank Tim Cowman, John R. Haller, Mathew Horning, Susan Huber, Ronald Lanner, Molly Nepokroeff, Bernard Pfeil, Joe Reynoldson, and Conrad Schoch, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable guidance. Funding was provided by National Science Foundation grant DEB 0317108 to Aaron Liston and Richard Cronn and by USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 100 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 498 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.02.011 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 454PA UT WOS:000266693400021 PM 19249377 ER PT J AU Duan, YP Zhou, LJ Hall, DG Li, WB Doddapaneni, H Lin, H Liu, L Vahling, CM Gabriel, DW Williams, KP Dickerman, A Sun, YJ Gottwald, T AF Duan, Yongping Zhou, Lijuan Hall, David G. Li, Wenbin Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan Lin, Hong Liu, Li Vahling, Cheryl M. Gabriel, Dean W. Williams, Kelly P. Dickerman, Allan Sun, Yijun Gottwald, Tim TI Complete Genome Sequence of Citrus Huanglongbing Bacterium, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Obtained Through Metagenomics SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GREENING DISEASE; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; GENE; SECRETION; SYSTEM; KEGG AB Citrus huanglongbing is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. It is spread by citrus psyllids and is associated with a low-titer, phloem-limited infection by any of three uncultured species of alpha-Proteobacteria, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', 'Ca. L. americanus', and 'Ca. L. africanus'. A complete circular 'Ca. L. asiaticus' genome has been obtained by metagenomics, using the DNA extracted from a single 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected psyllid. The 1.23-Mb genome has an average 36.5% GC content. Annotation revealed a high percentage of genes involved in both cell motility (4.5%) and active transport in general (8.0%), which may contribute to its virulence. 'Ca. L. asiaticus' appears to have a limited ability for aerobic respiration and is likely auxotrophic for at least five amino acids. Consistent with its intracellular nature, 'Ca. L. asiaticus' lacks type III and type IV secretion systems as well as typical free-living or plant-colonizing extracellular degradative enzymes. 'Ca. L. asiaticus' appears to have all type I secretion system genes needed for both multidrug efflux and toxin effector secretion. Multiprotein phylogenetic analysis confirmed 'Ca. L. asiaticus' as an early-branching and highly divergent member of the family Rhizobiaceae. This is the first genome sequence of an uncultured alpha-proteobacteria that is both an intracellular plant pathogen and insect symbiont. C1 [Duan, Yongping; Hall, David G.; Vahling, Cheryl M.; Gottwald, Tim] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Zhou, Lijuan; Gabriel, Dean W.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Li, Wenbin] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan; Lin, Hong] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Liu, Li; Sun, Yijun] Univ Florida, ICBR, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Williams, Kelly P.; Dickerman, Allan] Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Duan, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM yongping.duan@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council; Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services [013644]; USDA-APHIS FX The authors thank P. Li and J. Mozoruk for technical support and L. Benyon for critically reviewing this paper. Funding for this work was provided by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, contract 013644. Funding for D. W. Gabriel was provided by USDA-APHIS. NR 73 TC 160 Z9 178 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1011 EP 1020 DI 10.1094/MPMI-22-8-1011 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 478IS UT WOS:000268581600011 PM 19589076 ER PT J AU Bellizzi, D Covello, G Di Cianni, F Tong, Q De Benedictis, G AF Bellizzi, Dina Covello, Giuseppina Di Cianni, Fausta Tong, Qiang De Benedictis, Giovanna TI Identification of GATA2 and AP-1 Activator elements within the enhancer VNTR occurring in intron 5 of the human SIRT3 gene SO MOLECULES AND CELLS LA English DT Article DE AP-1 site; enhancer VNTR; GATA2 site; SIRT3 gene ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-2; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMOSOMAL ORGANIZATION; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; LYSINE ACETYLATION; ENDOTHELIN-1 GENE; CELL FORMATION; HUMAN GENOME; MITOCHONDRIAL AB Human SIRT3 gene contains an intronic VNTR enhancer. A T > C transition occurring in the second repeat of each VNTR allele implies the presence/absence of a putative GATA binding motif. A partially overlapping AP-1 site, not affected by the transition, was also identified. Aims of the present study were: 1) to verify if GATA and AP-1 sites could bind GATA2 and c-Jun/c-Fos factors, respectively; 2) to investigate whether such sites modulate the enhancer activity of the SIRT3-VNTR alleles. DAPA assay proved that GATA2 and c-Jun/c-Fos factors are able to bind the corresponding sites. Moreover, co-transfection experiments showed that the over-expression of GATA2 and c-Jun/c-Fos factors boosts the VNTR enhancer activity in an allelic-specific way. Furthermore, we established that GATA2 and c-Jun/c-Fos act additively in modulating the SIRT3-VNTR enhancer function. Therefore, GATA2 and AP-1 are functional sites and the T S > C transition of the second VNTR repeat affects their activity. C1 [Bellizzi, Dina; Covello, Giuseppina; Di Cianni, Fausta; De Benedictis, Giovanna] Univ Calabria, Dept Cell Biol, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Tong, Qiang] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bellizzi, D (reprint author), Univ Calabria, Dept Cell Biol, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. EM dina.bellizzi@unical.it OI Bellizzi, Dina/0000-0001-9986-456X FU EU [QLRT-2001-00128, QOL-2001-3]; Fondo Sociale Europeo-FSE (PhD course in Molecular Biopathology, University of Calabria, Italy) FX The work was supported by the EU project "European Challenge for Healthy Ageing" (No. QLRT-2001-00128, Call Identifier QOL-2001-3; to GDB) and by Fondo Sociale Europeo-FSE (PhD course in Molecular Biopathology, University of Calabria, Italy). NR 37 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN SOC MOLECULAR & CELLULAR BIOLOGY PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUCKSAM-DONG, GANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1016-8478 J9 MOL CELLS JI Mol. Cells PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s10059-009-0110-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 489NH UT WOS:000269426300003 PM 19714312 ER PT J AU Halling, RE Ortiz-Santana, B AF Halling, Roy E. Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz TI A revision of Boletellus sect. Ixocephali SO MYCOLOGICAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB Taxa included in Boletellus section Ixocephali sensu Singer are re-evaluated and species limits are clarified in a morphological context. In this revision, we recognize four distinct morphological species: B. jalapensis, B. elatus, B. longicollis, and B. singerii. Among these, we have ascertained that the concept of B. jalapensis was broadened to include another taxon (B. singerii) that was eventually recognized as distinct. Details of spore morphology that include size and shape also show that the precise longitudinal alignment and apical fusion or non-fusion of the costate ornamentation distinguishes two species pairs. These pairs occur on either side of the Pacific basin and include one velate and one non-velate species each: B. longicollis, B. elatus (E Asia) and B. jalapensis, B. singerii (America). Now that discrete morphological entities are clarified and recognizable, phylogenetic hypotheses can be attempted to test these concepts and perhaps infer the monophyly of section Ixocephali when appropriate sequence data are available from newly collected, properly vouchered and viable specimens. C1 [Halling, Roy E.] New York Bot Garden, Inst Systemat Bot, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Halling, RE (reprint author), New York Bot Garden, Inst Systemat Bot, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. EM rhalling@nybg.org; bortizsantana@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation [DEB9972018, DEB- 0414665, DEB- 0103621] FX We are grateful to Dr. E. Nagasawa (Japan) for material of B. longicollis and B. elatus. Further, we thank Dr. C. Nepi (FI) for information regarding Beccari mushroom specimens in Firenze. Dr. G. Mueller, Dr. W. Till, and Dr. L. Guzm~n- Davalos in the herbaria at Field Museum (F), Vienna (WU), and Guadalajara (IBUG) kindly arranged for a loan of specimens. Dr. M. Christensen (Copenhagen) kindly provided distribution data for B. elatus in Nepal. We are obliged to the National Science Foundation for funding support in grants DEB9972018, DEB- 0414665 (REH) and DEB- 0103621 (BOS). NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-416X J9 MYCOL PROG JI Mycol. Prog. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 8 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s11557-009-0595-3 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 470YW UT WOS:000268019400008 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Jaronski, ST AF Jackson, Mark A. Jaronski, Stefan T. TI Production of microsclerotia of the fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae and their potential for use as a biocontrol agent for soil-inhabiting insects SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air-drying; Bioinsecticide; Fermentation; Sclerotia; Tetanops myopaeformis ID LIQUID CULTURE PRODUCTION; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; BLASTOSPORES; FIELD; ANTHOMYIIDAE; RHIZOSPHERE; MANAGEMENT; GRANULES; EFFICACY AB Microsclerotia (MS), overwintering structures produced by many plant pathogenic fungi, have not been described for Metarhizium anisopliae. Three strains of M. anisopliae - F52, TM109, and MA1200 - formed MS in shake flask cultures using media with varying carbon concentrations and carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios. Under the conditions of this study, all strains produced MS, compact hyphal aggregates that become pigmented with culture age, in addition to more typical blastospores and mycelia. While all strains formed desiccation tolerant MS, highest concentrations (2.7-2.9 x 10(8) L(-1) liquid medium) were produced in rich media with C:N ratios of 30:1 and 50:1 by strain F52. All three strains of M. anisopliae produced similar biomass concentrations when media and growth time were compared. Strain MA1200 produced higher concentrations of blastospores than the other two strains of M. anisopliae with highest blastospore concentrations (1.6 and 4.2 x 10(8) blastospores ml(-1) on days 4 and 8, respectively) in media with the highest carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Microsclerotial preparations of M. anisopliae containing diatomaceous earth survived air-drying (to <5 % moisture) with no significant loss in viability. Rehydration and incubation of air-dried MS granules on water agar plates resulted in hyphal germination and sporogenic germination to produce high concentrations of conidia. Bioassays using soil-incorporated, air-dried MS preparations resulted in significant infection and mortality in larvae of the sugar beet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis. This is the first report of the production of sclerotial bodies by M. anisopliae and provides a novel approach for the control of soil-dwelling insects with this entomopathogenic fungus. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 [Jackson, Mark A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Jaronski, Stefan T.] USDA ARS, Pest Management Res Unit, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sydney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mark.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 113 BP 842 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.03.004 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 499CQ UT WOS:000270194700004 PM 19358886 ER PT J AU Bai, SL Li, GL Liu, Y Dumroese, RK Lv, RH AF Bai, Shu-Lan Li, Guo-Lei Liu, Yong Dumroese, R. Kasten Lv, Rui-Heng TI Ostryopsis davidiana seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi facilitate formation of mycorrhizae on Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE Reforestation; Common mycorrhizal networks; Phosphatase; Mycorrhizal infection facilitation; Rhizobox ID CONIFER SEEDLINGS; SYLVESTRIS SEEDLINGS; NITROGEN TRANSFER; ROOT-GROWTH; WATER; FOREST; PLANTS; TREES; DEGRADATION; SPECIFICITY AB Reforestation in China is important for reversing anthropogenic activities that degrade the environment. Pinus tabulaeformis is desired for these activities, but survival and growth of seedlings can be hampered by lack of ectomycorrhizae. When outplanted in association with Ostryopsis davidiana plants on reforestation sites, P. tabulaeformis seedlings become mycorrhizal and survival and growth are enhanced; without O. davidiana, pines often remain without mycorrhizae and performance is poorer. To better understand this relationship, we initiated an experiment using rhizoboxes that restricted root and tested the hypothesis that O. davidiana seedlings facilitated ectomycorrhizae formation on P. tabulaeformis seedlings through hyphal contact. We found that without O. davidiana seedlings, inocula of five indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi were unable to grow and associate with P. tabulaeformis seedlings. Inocula placed alongside O. davidiana seedlings, however, resulted in enhanced growth and nutritional status of O. davidiana and P. tabulaeformis seedlings, and also altered rhizosphere pH and phosphatase activity. We speculate that these species form a common mycorrhizal network and this association enhances outplanting performance of P. tabulaeformis seedlings used for forest restoration. C1 [Li, Guo-Lei; Liu, Yong; Lv, Rui-Heng] Beijing Forestry Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Bai, Shu-Lan] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Hohhot 010019, Peoples R China. [Dumroese, R. Kasten] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Li, GL (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM glli226@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30560122, 30471380] FX We thank Xiaolan Mao, senior researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microorganisms, for identifying the fungal fruiting bodies, Amy Ross-Davis for additional statistical analysis, Drs. Deborah Page-Dumroese and Michael Castellano for their review of an earlier draft, and the insightful comments from two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Randy Molina. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30560122 and 30471380). NR 49 TC 5 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1007/s00572-009-0245-2 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 476IK UT WOS:000268432700007 PM 19399529 ER PT J AU Ratcliff, DR Wurtsbaugh, WA Zustak, J AF Ratcliff, Donald R. Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A. Zustak, Joseph TI Evaluating the Effectiveness of Grassbed Treatments as Habitat for Juvenile Black Bass in a Drawdown Reservoir SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PREDATION RISK; LITTORAL-ZONE; UNITED-STATES; LAKE; FISHES; COMPLEXITY; GROWTH; PREY AB Many reservoirs in arid regions experience highly variable water levels caused by seasonal inflow fluctuations and designated outflow requirements. At Shasta Lake, California, managers plant cereal-grain grassbeds on exposed drawdown shorelines to increase juvenile fish habitat, localize productivity, and increase invertebrate fish prey. To determine the efficacy of these plantings, the abundance of juvenile black basses Micropterus spp. (20-55 mm standard length) and the amount of periphyton and macroinvertebrate prey were compared among three treatment types: (1) planted grassbeds of cereal barley Hordeum vulgare; (2) artificial rope grassbeds, which eliminated physical deterioration and nutrient release; and (3) nonplanted control sites with predominately sand and gravel substrates. In comparison with control areas, juvenile black bass abundance averaged 54 times higher in planted grassbeds and 230 times higher in artificial grassbeds. Periphyton (chlorophyll a) and benthic invertebrate biomass did not differ significantly between planted grassbeds and control sites. In artificial grassbeds, periphyton was more than two times the control levels, and benthic invertebrate biomass was more than 12 times tire control levels. We conclude that the long-term availability of physical structure, rather than nutrient release associated with decomposition of grassbed materials, drives use and effectiveness of grassbed treatments. Future management decisions in drawdown reservoirs should emphasize increasing long-term availability and integrity of physical habitat for juvenile fishes in the littoral zone. C1 [Ratcliff, Donald R.; Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ratcliff, Donald R.; Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Zustak, Joseph] US Forest Serv, USDA, Shasta Trinity Natl Forest, Redding, CA 96003 USA. RP Ratcliff, DR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anadromous Fish Restorat Program, 4001 N Wilson Way, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. EM donald_ratcliff@fws.gov RI Wurtsbaugh, Wayne/G-6856-2011 FU U.S. Forest Service; Utah State University Ecology Center FX Jacie Knight, Gaylon Wilcox, and Kevin Hansen provided field and laboratory assistance. Jennifer Gervais and Jeff Kershner reviewed the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Forest Service and the Utah State University Ecology Center. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1119 EP 1129 DI 10.1577/M08-101.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UR UT WOS:000272025000026 ER PT J AU Gomez-Santos, C Gomez-Abellan, P Madrid, JA Hernandez-Morante, JJ Lujan, JA Ordovas, JM Garaulet, M AF Gomez-Santos, Cecilia Gomez-Abellan, Purificacion Madrid, Juan A. Hernandez-Morante, Juan J. Lujan, Juan A. Ordovas, Jose M. Garaulet, Marta TI Circadian Rhythm of Clock Genes in Human Adipose Explants SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC SYNDROME; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; PERIPHERAL-TISSUES; EXPRESSION; CELLS; ALPHA; TIME; INDUCTION; PROFILE; BLOOD AB To analyze in severely obese women the circadian expression of the clock genes hPer2, hBmal1, and hCry1 in explants from subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue (AT), in order to elucidate whether this circadian clockwork can oscillate accurately and independently of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and if glucocorticoid metabolism-related genes such as glucocorticoid receptor (hGr) and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (h11 beta Hsd1) and the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma(hPPAR gamma) are part of the clock controlled genes. AT biopsies were obtained from morbid obese patients (BMI >= 40 kg/m(2)) (n = 7). Anthropometric variables were measured and fasting plasma lipids and lipoprotein concentrations were analyzed. In order to carry out rhythmic expression analysis, AT explants were cultured during 24 h and gene expression was performed at the following times (T): 0, 6, 12, and 18 h, with quantitative real-time PCR. Clock genes oscillated accurately and independently of the SCN in AT explants. Their intrinsic oscillatory mechanism regulated the timing of other genes such as hPPAR gamma and glucocorticoid-related genes. Circadian patterns differed between VAT and SAT. Correlation analyses between the genetic circadian oscillation and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) revealed that subjects with a higher sagittal diameter showed an increased circadian variability in hPer2 expression (r = 0.91; P = 0.031) and hBmal1 (r = 0.90; P = 0.040). Data demonstrate the presence of peripheral circadian oscillators in human AT independently of the central circadian control mechanism. This knowledge paves the way for a better understanding of the circadian contribution to medical conditions such as obesity and MetS. C1 [Gomez-Santos, Cecilia; Gomez-Abellan, Purificacion; Madrid, Juan A.; Hernandez-Morante, Juan J.; Garaulet, Marta] Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Murcia, Spain. [Lujan, Juan A.] Univ Hosp Virgen Arrixaca, Gen Surg Serv, Murcia, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Garaulet, M (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Murcia, Spain. EM garaulet@um.es OI Hernandez Morante, Juan Jose/0000-0001-9255-4630; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU Government of Murcia [02934/PI/05]; Government of Education, Science and Research of Murcia [BIO/FFA 07/01-0004]; Spanish Government of Science and Innovation [AGL200801655/-A LI]; NIDDK [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX This work was supported by the Seneca Foundation from the Government of Murcia (project 02934/PI/05 to MG) and by the Government of Education, Science and Research of Murcia (project BIO/FFA 07/01-0004) and by the Spanish Government of Science and Innovation (projects AGL200801655/-A LI) by NIDDK grant DK075030, and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service. C. G.-S. contributed to AT culture development and manuscript preparation. P. G.-A. carried out gene expression and contributed to manuscript preparation. J. J. H-M contributed to gene expression. J. A. M interpreted the results. J. A. L. contributed to technical assistance in obtaining adipose tissue. J. M. O. contributed to manuscript preparation and interpreted the results. M. G. explained the hypothesis, contributed to manuscript preparation and coordinated this work. NR 26 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD AUG PY 2009 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1481 EP 1485 DI 10.1038/oby.2009.164 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 475QD UT WOS:000268374200003 PM 19478785 ER PT J AU Stewart, KM Bowyer, RT Kie, JG Dick, BL Ruess, RW AF Stewart, Kelley M. Bowyer, R. Terry Kie, John G. Dick, Brian L. Ruess, Roger W. TI Population density of North American elk: effects on plant diversity SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE North American elk; Herbivore optimization; NAPP; Species diversity; Species richness; Structural equation models ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ARCTIC SALT-MARSH; MULE DEER; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; LARGE HERBIVORES; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; FITNESS COMPONENTS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; TROPHIC CASCADES; NATIONAL-PARK AB Large, herbivorous mammals have profound effects on ecosystem structure and function and often act as keystone species in ecosystems they inhabit. Density-dependent processes associated with population structure of large mammals may interact with ecosystem functioning to increase or decrease biodiversity, depending on the relationship of herbivore populations relative to the carrying capacity (K) of the ecosystem. We tested for indirect effects of population density of large herbivores on plant species richness and diversity in a montane ecosystem, where increased net aboveground primary productivity (NAPP) in response to low levels of herbivory has been reported. We documented a positive, linear relationship between plant-species diversity and richness with NAPP. Structural equation modeling revealed significant indirect relationships between population density of herbivores, NAPP, and species diversity. We observed an indirect effect of density-dependent processes in large, herbivorous mammals and species diversity of plants through changes in NAPP in this montane ecosystem. Changes in species diversity of plants in response to herbivory may be more indirect in ecosystems with long histories of herbivory. Those subtle or indirect effects of herbivory may have strong effects on ecosystem functioning, but may be overlooked in plant communities that are relatively resilient to herbivory. C1 [Stewart, Kelley M.] Univ Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Bowyer, R. Terry; Kie, John G.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Dick, Brian L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Ruess, Roger W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ruess, Roger W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Stewart, KM (reprint author), Univ Nevada Reno, 1000 Valley Rd MS 186, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM kstewart@cabnr.unr.edu RI Stewart, Kelley/F-5897-2012 FU U. S. Forest Service; Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska Fairbanks; Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science at University of Nevada Reno; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Department of Biological Sciences at Idaho State University FX We appreciate the assistance of Starkey Project Personnel, numerous volunteers, and technicians who helped with most aspects of the study including sampling plants. We thank A. D. Sparrow for advice and help with structured equation modeling. This study was funded by the U. S. Forest Service, the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science at University of Nevada Reno, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, and the Department of Biological Sciences at Idaho State University. This is Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation contribution number 683. All aspects of this research were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (IACUC #01-34) and the Starkey Project; and were in keeping with protocols adopted by the American Society of Mammalogists for field research involving mammals (Animal Care and Use Committee 1998). NR 77 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2009 VL 161 IS 2 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1376-z PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477VW UT WOS:000268548000008 PM 19484268 ER PT J AU Lamsal, S Bliss, CM Graetz, DA AF Lamsal, S. Bliss, C. M. Graetz, D. A. TI Geospatial Mapping of Soil Nitrate-Nitrogen Distribution Under a Mixed-Land Use System SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE environmental correlation; general linear model; kriging; land use; regression ID SPATIAL PREDICTION; TERRAIN ATTRIBUTES; REGRESSION; VARIABILITY; LANDSCAPE; MODELS AB Mapping the spatial distribution of soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N) is important to guide nitrogen application as well as to assess environmental risk of NO(3)-N leaching into the groundwater. We employed univariate and hybrid geostatistical methods to map the spatial distribution of soil NO(3)-N across a landscape in northeast Florida. Soil samples were collected from four depth increments (0-30, 30-60, 60-120 and 120-180 cm) from 147 sampling locations identified using a stratified random and nested sampling design based on soil, land use and elevation strata. Soil NO(3)-N distributions in the top two layers were spatially autocorrelated and mapped using lognormal kriging. Environmental correlation models for NO(3)-N prediction were derived using linear and non-lineax regression methods, and employed to develop NO(3)-N trend maps. Land use and its related variables derived from satellite imagery were identified as important variables to predict NO(3)-N using environmental correlation models. While lognormal kriging produced smoothly varying maps, trend maps derived from environmental correlation models generated spatially heterogeneous maps. Trend maps were combined with ordinary kriging predictions of trend model residuals to develop regression kriging prediction maps, which gave the best NO(3)-N predictions. As land use and remotely sensed data are readily available and have much finer spatial resolution compared to field sampled soils, our findings suggested the efficacy of environmental correlation models based on land use and remotely sensed data for landscape scale mapping of soil NO(3)-N. The methodologies implemented are tranferable for mapping of soil NO(3)-N in other landscapes. C1 [Lamsal, S.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bliss, C. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Graetz, D. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lamsal, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 327 Newins Ziegler Hall,POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM slamsal@ufl.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [2002-00501] FX Project supported by the United States Department of Agriculture through the "Nutrient Science for Improved Watershed Management" program (No. 2002-00501). NR 31 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 434 EP 445 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 478AL UT WOS:000268560000003 ER PT J AU Birt, DF Widrlechner, MP Hammer, KDP Hillwig, ML Wei, JQ Kraus, GA Murphy, PA Mccoy, JA Wurtele, ES Neighbors, JD Wiemer, DE Maury, WJ Price, JP AF Birt, Diane F. Widrlechner, Mark P. Hammer, Kimberly D. P. Hillwig, Matthew L. Wei, Jingqiang Kraus, George A. Murphy, Patricia A. McCoy, Joe-Ann Wurtele, Eve S. Neighbors, Jeffrey D. Wiemer, David E. Maury, Wendy J. Price, Jason P. TI Hypericum in infection: Identification of anti-viral and anti-inflammatory constituents SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Economic-Botany CY JUN 04-07, 2007 CL Lake Forest Coll, Chicago, IL SP Soc Econ Bot HO Lake Forest Coll DE Hypericum; infection; anti-viral; anti-inflammatory; phloroglucinols; flavonoids ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL ACTIVITY; PERFORATUM; INHIBITION; PSEUDOHYPERICIN; FLAVONOIDS; PLANT; INACTIVATION; COMPONENT; STRAIN AB The Iowa Center for Research on Botanical Dietary Supplements seeks to optimize Echinacea, Hypericum, and Prunella botanical supplements for human-health benefit, emphasizing anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pain activities. This mini-review reports on ongoing studies on Hypericum. The Center uses the genetically diverse, well-documented Hypericum populations collected and maintained at the USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS), and the strength of research in synthetic chemistry at Iowa State University to tap natural diversity, to help discover key constituents and interactions among constituents that impact bioactivity and toxicity. The NCRPIS has acquired more than 180 distinct populations of Hypericum, with a focus on Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae), representing about 13% of currently recognized taxa. Center chemists have developed novel synthetic pathways for key flavones, acyl phloroglucinols, hyperolactones, and a tetralin that have been found in Hypericum, and these compounds are used as standards and for bioactivity studies. Both light-dependent and light-independent anti-viral activities have been identified by using bioactivity-guided fractionation of H. perforatum and a HIV-1 infection test system. Our Center has focused on light-independent activity, potentially due to novel chemicals, and polar fractions are undergoing further fractionation. Anti-inflammatory activity has been found to be light-independent, and fractionation of a flavonoid-rich extract revealed four compounds (amentoflavone, chlorogenic acid, pseudohypericin, and quercetin) that interacted in the light to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E 2 activity. The Center continues to explore novel populations of H. perforatum and related species to identify constituents and interactions of constituents that contribute to potential health benefits related to infection. C1 [Birt, Diane F.; Hammer, Kimberly D. P.; Murphy, Patricia A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Birt, Diane F.; Widrlechner, Mark P.; Hammer, Kimberly D. P.; Hillwig, Matthew L.; Wei, Jingqiang; Kraus, George A.; Murphy, Patricia A.; McCoy, Joe-Ann; Wurtele, Eve S.; Neighbors, Jeffrey D.; Wiemer, David E.; Maury, Wendy J.; Price, Jason P.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Res Bot Dietary Supplements, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hammer, Kimberly D. P.] Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hillwig, Matthew L.; Wurtele, Eve S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wei, Jingqiang; Kraus, George A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.; McCoy, Joe-Ann] USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA USA. [Neighbors, Jeffrey D.; Wiemer, David E.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Maury, Wendy J.; Price, Jason P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Birt, DF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 215 MacKay Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dbirt@iastate.edu OI Hillwig, Matthew/0000-0002-1168-4191; Wurtele, Eve/0000-0003-1552-9495 FU NCCIH NIH HHS [P50 AT004155]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES012020-05, P01 ES012020] NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 8 BP 774 EP 782 DI 10.1080/13880200902988645 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 490EN UT WOS:000269481300021 PM 19907671 ER PT J AU Oliver, MJ Hudgeons, J Dowd, SE Payton, PR AF Oliver, Melvin J. Hudgeons, Jeremy Dowd, Scot E. Payton, Paxton R. TI A combined subtractive suppression hybridization and expression profiling strategy to identify novel desiccation response transcripts from Tortula ruralis gametophytes SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; TOLERANT MOSS; MESSENGER-RNA; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; REHYDRATED GAMETOPHYTES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLANT DESICCATION; WATER-DEFICIT; STRESS; MICROARRAY AB Vegetative desiccation tolerance of the bryophyte Tortula ruralis is characterized by two components: constitutive cellular protection and an inducible cellular recovery program activated upon rehydration. The inducible cellular recovery program is characterized by the increased translation of a number of proteins, termed rehydrins. Rehydins are postulated to be important in cellular repair and thus central to the mechanism of desiccation tolerance. However, as of yet, their identities are largely unknown. We used an EST/expression profiling strategy to identify rehydrins of low abundance and novel to the desiccated or rehydration transcriptomes. We constructed two subtractive suppression hybridization libraries; one to enrich for differentially expressed transcripts sequestered in slow-dried gametophytes and the other to enrich for transcripts differentially translated following rehydration. Collections of cDNAs from each library were sequenced and used to generate a small cDNA microarray. A total of 614 unique contigs were generated from a collection of 768 cDNAs. Half of the ESTs (298) are not represented within a much larger collection (Oliver et al. 2004) and are thus novel. Expression analysis supports the notion that transcripts sequestered during slow drying are a reflection of the need for a rapid recovery of metabolism and those recruited for translation upon rehydration following rapid drying reflect the more stressful nature of this treatment. Expression analysis revealed several new components to the desiccation tolerance mechanism: jasmonic acid signaling, proteosomal activation and alternative splicing. These are novel findings and have relevance to our understanding of the evolution of desiccation tolerance in the land plants. C1 [Oliver, Melvin J.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS MWA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hudgeons, Jeremy] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] Res & Testing Lab, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. [Payton, Paxton R.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Oliver, MJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS MWA, Plant Genet Res Unit, 204 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Mel.Oliver@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture FX The authors would like to acknowledge the expert assistance of Jing Wang (RT-PCR array validation) and Hector Sanchez Villeda (bioinformatic assistance). Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the United States Department of Agriculture, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 136 IS 4 BP 437 EP 460 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01245.x PG 24 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 469GT UT WOS:000267885100006 PM 19523028 ER PT J AU Goetz, FW Rise, ML Rise, M Goetz, GW Binkowski, F Shepherd, BS AF Goetz, Frederick W. Rise, Matthew L. Rise, Marlies Goetz, Giles W. Binkowski, Frederick Shepherd, Brian S. TI Stimulation of growth and changes in the hepatic transcriptome by 17 beta-estradiol in the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Review DE expressed sequence tags, liver; cDNA libraries; estrogen ID LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE GENE; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; FACTOR-BINDING-PROTEIN; BREAM PAGRUS-MAJOR; HOMOCYSTEINE S-METHYLTRANSFERASE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; VISCERAL ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FATTY-ACID UTILIZATION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR AB Goetz FW, Rise ML, Rise M, Goetz GW, Binkowski F, Shepherd BS. Stimulation of growth and changes in the hepatic transcriptome by 17 beta-estradiol in the yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Physiol Genomics 38: 261-280, 2009. First published June 23, 2009; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00069.2009.-The effects of dietary 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)) on growth and liver transcriptomics were investigated in the yellow perch (Perca flavescens). After a 3-mo treatment, E(2) significantly stimulated an increase in length and weight of juvenile male and female perch relative to control animals. The increase was significantly greater in females compared with males. Separate, unnormalized cDNA libraries were constructed from equal quantities of RNA from 6 male and 6 female livers of E(2)-treated and control perch, and 3,546 and 3,719 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained, respectively. To characterize E(2)-regulated transcripts, EST frequencies between libraries were calculated within contiguous sequences that were assembled from the combined ESTs of both libraries. Frequencies were also determined in EST transcript groupings produced by aligning all of the ESTs from both libraries at the nucleotide level. From these analyses, there were 28 annotated transcripts that were regulated by 75% between libraries and for which there were at least 5 ESTs of the same transcript between libraries. Regulation of a subset (14) of these transcripts was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). Transcripts that were upregulated by E(2) included reproduction-related proteins, binding proteins, and proteases and protease inhibitors. While not part of the transcript frequency analysis, QPCR showed significant upregulation of estrogen receptor esr1 and of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in E(2) livers. E(2)-downregulated transcripts represented a variety of functional categories including components of the respiratory chain, lipid transport and metabolism, glycolysis, amino acid and nitrogen metabolism, binding proteins, a hydrolytic enzyme, and a transcriptional regulator. In perch it appears that exogenous estrogen drastically shifts liver metabolism toward the production of lipoproteins and carbohydrate binding proteins, and that the growth-promoting action may involve an increase in hepatic IGF-I production. C1 [Goetz, Frederick W.; Rise, Matthew L.; Rise, Marlies; Goetz, Giles W.; Binkowski, Frederick] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Shepherd, Brian S.] ARS, Great Lakes WATER Inst, USDA, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Goetz, FW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. EM rick@uwm.edu NR 111 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 261 EP 280 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00069.2009 PG 20 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 481AL UT WOS:000268778600004 PM 19549814 ER PT J AU Faris, JD Friesen, TL AF Faris, Justin D. Friesen, Timothy L. TI Reevaluation of a Tetraploid Wheat Population Indicates that the Tsn1-ToxA Interaction Is the Only Factor Governing Stagonospora nodorum Blotch Susceptibility SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phaeosphaeria nodorum; resistance; segregation distortion ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXIN; TAN SPOT; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; SEPTORIA DISEASES; GENOMIC ANALYSIS; LEAF BLOTCH; TSN1 GENE; IDENTIFICATION; NECROSIS AB The wheat Tsn1 gene on chromosome 5B confers sensitivity to a host-selective toxin produced by the pathogens that cause tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) known as Ptr ToxA and SnToxA, respectively (hereafter referred to as ToxA). A compatible Tsn1-ToxA interaction is known to play a major role in conferring susceptibility of hexaploid (common) wheat to SNB. However, a recent study by another group suggested that the Tsn1-ToxA interaction was not relevant in conferring susceptibility of the tetraploid (durum) wheat cv. Langdon (LDN). Here, we reevaluated the role of the Tsn1-ToxA interaction in governing SNB susceptibility using the same mapping population and Stagonospora nodorum isolate (Sn2000) as were used in the previous study. Results of our quantitative trait locus analysis showed that the Tsn1 locus accounted for 95% of the variation in SNB. In addition, inoculation of the mapping population with two ToxA-knockout strains of Sn2000 revealed that the entire population was resistant. Furthermore, several LDN Tsn1-disrupted mutants were evaluated and found to be resistant to SNB. Together, these results prove unequivocally that Tsn1 is the only factor present along chromosome 5B that governs response to SNB in this population and that a compatible Tsn1-ToxA interaction is necessary for the manifestation of disease. Therefore, the results from the previous study are refuted. C1 [Faris, Justin D.; Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Justin.Faris@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-21000-033, 5442-22000-037] FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS projects 5442-21000-033 and 5442-22000-037. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2009 VL 99 IS 8 BP 906 EP 912 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-8-0906 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 469LG UT WOS:000267899100002 PM 19594309 ER PT J AU Feng, JJ Schuenzel, EL Li, JQ Schaad, NW AF Feng, Jianjun Schuenzel, Erin L. Li, Jianqiang Schaad, Norman W. TI Multilocus Sequence Typing Reveals Two Evolutionary Lineages of Acidovorax avenae subsp citrulli SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FRUIT BLOTCH; POPULATIONS; WATERMELON; DIVERSITY; DISTINCT; NOV AB Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch, has caused considerable damage to the watermelon and melon industry in China and the United States. Understanding the emergence and spread of this pathogen is important for controlling the disease. To build a fingerprinting database for reliable identification and tracking of strains of A. avenae subsp. citrulli, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was developed using seven conserved loci. The study included 8 original strains from the 1978 description of A. avenae subsp. citrulli, 51 from China, and 34 from worldwide collections. Two major clonal complexes (CCs), CC1 and CC2, were identified within A. avenae subsp. citrulli; 48 strains typed as CC1 and 45 as CC2. All eight original 1978 strains isolated from watermelon and melon grouped in CC1. CC2 strains were predominant in the worldwide collection and all but five were isolated from watermelon. In China, a major seed producer for melon and watermelon, the predominant strains were CC1 and were found nearly equally on melon and watermelon. C1 [Schuenzel, Erin L.; Schaad, Norman W.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Feng, Jianjun; Li, Jianqiang] China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM lijq231@cau.edu.cn; norman.schaad@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2009 VL 99 IS 8 BP 913 EP 920 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-8-0913 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 469LG UT WOS:000267899100003 PM 19594310 ER PT J AU Tatineni, S Ziems, AD Wegulo, SN French, R AF Tatineni, Satyanarayana Ziems, Amy D. Wegulo, Stephen N. French, Roy TI Triticum mosaic virus: A Distinct Member of the Family Potyviridae with an Unusually Long Leader Sequence SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wheat ID PICORNAVIRUS IRES ELEMENTS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SUGARCANE; WHEAT; GENUS; DIVERSITY; MITE AB The complete genome sequence of Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), a member in the family Potyviridae, has been determined to be 10,266 nucleotides (nt) excluding the 3' polyadenylated tail. The genome encodes a large polyprotein of 3,112 amino acids with the "hall-mark proteins" of potyviruses, including a small overlapping gene, PIPO, in the P3 cistron. The genome of TriMV has an unusually long 5' nontranslated region of 739 nt with 12 translation initiation codons and three small open reading frames, which resemble those of the internal ribosome entry site containing 5' leader sequences of the members of Picornaviridae. Pairwise comparison of 10 putative mature proteins of TriMV with those of representative members of genera in the family Potyviridae revealed 33 to 44% amino acid identity within the highly conserved NIb protein sequence and 15 to 29% amino acid identity within the least conserved P1 protein, suggesting that TriMV is a distinct member in the family Potyviridae. In contrast, TriMV displayed 47 to 65% amino acid sequence identity with available sequences of mature proteins of Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), an unassigned member of the Potyviridae. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete polyprotein, NIa-Pro, NIb, and coat protein sequences of representative species of six genera and unassigned members of the family Potyviridae suggested that TriMV and SCSMV are sister taxa and share a most recent common ancestor with tritimoviruses or ipomoviruses. These results suggest that TriMV and SCSMV should be classified in a new genus, and we propose the genus Poacevirus in the family Potyviridae, with TriMV as the type member. C1 [Tatineni, Satyanarayana; French, Roy] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Ziems, Amy D.; Wegulo, Stephen N.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Tatineni, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Satyanarayana.tatineni@ars.usda.gov OI Wegulo, Stephen/0000-0002-4435-6055 NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2009 VL 99 IS 8 BP 943 EP 950 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-8-0943 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 469LG UT WOS:000267899100006 PM 19594313 ER PT J AU Raaijmakers, JM Paulitz, TC Steinberg, C Alabouvette, C Moenne-Loccoz, Y AF Raaijmakers, Jos M. Paulitz, Timothy C. Steinberg, Christian Alabouvette, Claude Moenne-Loccoz, Yvan TI The rhizosphere: a playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Review DE Epidemiology of soilborne pathogens; Microbial interactions; Induced systemic resistance; Antibiotic resistance in pathogens; Biofumigation and organic amendment ID RHIZOCTONIA ROOT-ROT; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS CHA0; INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; III SECRETION SYSTEM; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; CHITINASE GENE-EXPRESSION; FUNGUS PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; SOIL-BORNE DISEASES; NAPUS SEED MEAL AB The rhizosphere is a hot spot of microbial interactions as exudates released by plant roots are a main food source for microorganisms and a driving force of their population density and activities. The rhizosphere harbors many organisms that have a neutral effect on the plant, but also attracts organisms that exert deleterious or beneficial effects on the plant. Microorganisms that adversely affect plant growth and health are the pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, bacteria and nematodes. Most of the soilborne pathogens are adapted to grow and survive in the bulk soil, but the rhizosphere is the playground and infection court where the pathogen establishes a parasitic relationship with the plant. The rhizosphere is also a battlefield where the complex rhizosphere community, both microflora and microfauna, interact with pathogens and influence the outcome of pathogen infection. A wide range of microorganisms are beneficial to the plant and include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, endo- and ectomycorrhizal fungi, and plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi. This review focuses on the population dynamics and activity of soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms. Specific attention is given to mechanisms involved in the tripartite interactions between beneficial microorganisms, pathogens and the plant. We also discuss how agricultural practices affect pathogen and antagonist populations and how these practices can be adopted to promote plant growth and health. C1 [Raaijmakers, Jos M.] Wageningen Univ, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6709 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. [Paulitz, Timothy C.] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Steinberg, Christian; Alabouvette, Claude] Univ Bourgogne, INRA, UMR, MSE, F-21065 Dijon, France. [Moenne-Loccoz, Yvan] Univ Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France. [Moenne-Loccoz, Yvan] CNRS, UMR 5557, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Raaijmakers, JM (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Phytopathol Lab, Binnenhaven 5, NL-6709 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. EM jos.raaijmakers@wur.nl RI Steinberg, Christian/C-2637-2014; Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014 OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614 NR 194 TC 297 Z9 318 U1 45 U2 336 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2009 VL 321 IS 1-2 BP 341 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s11104-008-9568-6 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 473FV UT WOS:000268192400014 ER PT J AU Ryan, PR Dessaux, Y Thomashow, LS Weller, DM AF Ryan, Peter R. Dessaux, Yves Thomashow, Linda S. Weller, David M. TI Rhizosphere engineering and management for sustainable agriculture SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Review DE Plant engineering; Proton efflux; Organic cation efflux; Microbe engineering; Biological control; PGPR; Plant genotype selection; Take-all decline; Soil amendment; Biostimulation ID MEMBRANE H+-ATPASE; MITOCHONDRIAL CITRATE SYNTHASE; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA WCS358R; N-ACYLHOMOSERINE LACTONES; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; QUORUM-SENSING SIGNALS; FIELD-GROWN WHEAT; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; TAKE-ALL; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS AB This paper reviews strategies for manipulating plants and their root-associated microorganisms to improve plant health and productivity. Some strategies directly target plant processes that impact on growth, while others are based on our knowledge of interactions among the components of the rhizosphere (roots, microorganisms and soil). For instance, plants can be engineered to modify the rhizosphere pH or to release compounds that improve nutrient availability, protect against biotic and abiotic stresses, or encourage the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms. Rhizobacteria that promote plant growth have been engineered to interfere with the synthesis of stress-induced hormones such as ethylene, which retards root growth, and to produce antibiotics and lytic enzymes active against soilborne root pathogens. Rhizosphere engineering also can involve the selection by plants of beneficial microbial populations. For example, some crop species or cultivars select for and support populations of antibiotic-producing strains that play a major role in soils naturally suppressive to soil-borne fungal pathogens. The fitness of root-associated bacterial communities also can be enhanced by soil amendment, a process that has allowed the selection of bacterial consortia that can interfere with bacterial pathogens. Plants also can be engineered specifically to influence their associated bacteria, as exemplified by quorum quenching strategies that suppress the virulence of pathogens of the genus Pectobacterium. New molecular tools and powerful biotechnological advances will continue to provide a more complete knowledge of the complex chemical and biological interactions that occur in the rhizosphere, ensuring that strategies to engineer the rhizosphere are safe, beneficial to productivity, and substantially improve the sustainability of agricultural systems. C1 [Dessaux, Yves] CNRS, Inst Sci Vegetal, UPR 2355, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ryan, Peter R.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Thomashow, Linda S.; Weller, David M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Dessaux, Y (reprint author), CNRS, Inst Sci Vegetal, UPR 2355, Ave Terrasse, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM dessaux@isv.cnrs-gif.fr RI CSIRO, SAF/H-3134-2013 NR 152 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 14 U2 132 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2009 VL 321 IS 1-2 BP 363 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s11104-009-0001-6 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 473FV UT WOS:000268192400015 ER PT J AU Wissuwa, M Mazzola, M Picard, C AF Wissuwa, Matthias Mazzola, Mark Picard, Christine TI Novel approaches in plant breeding for rhizosphere-related traits SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Review DE Beneficial rhizobacteria; Mycorrhizal fungi; Nutrient acquisition; Nutrient deficiency; Nutrient toxicity; Soilborne disease tolerance ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; TRIFOLIUM-SUBTERRANEUM L.; RESIDENT SOIL POPULATIONS; MODERN WHEAT CULTIVARS; APPLE REPLANT DISEASE; LOW IRON AVAILABILITY; MAIZE INBRED LINES; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; NITROGEN-FIXATION AB Selection of modern varieties has typically been performed in standardized, high fertility systems with a primary focus on yield. This could have contributed to the loss of plant genes associated with efficient nutrient acquisition strategies and adaptation to soil-related biotic and abiotic stresses if such adaptive strategies incurred a cost to the plant that compromised yield. Furthermore, beneficial interactions between plants and associated soil organisms may have been made obsolete by the provision of nutrients in high quantity and in readily plant available forms. A review of evidence from studies comparing older traditional varieties to modern high yielding varieties indeed showed that this has been the case. Given the necessity to use scarce and increasingly costly fertilizer inputs more efficiently while also raising productivity on poorer soils, it will be crucial to reintroduce desirable rhizosphere-related traits into elite cultivars. Traits that offer possibilities for improving nutrient acquisition capacity, plant-microbe interactions and tolerance to abiotic and biotic soil stresses in modern varieties were reviewed. Despite the considerable effort devoted to the identification of suitable donors and of genetic factors associated with these beneficial traits, progress in developing improved varieties has been slow and has so far largely been confined to modifications of traditional breeding procedures. Modern molecular tools have only very recently started to play a rather small role. The few successful cases reviewed in this paper have shown that novel breeding approaches using molecular tools do work in principle. When successful, they involved close collaboration between breeders and scientists conducting basic research, and confirmation of phenotypes in field tests as a 'reality check'. We concluded that for novel molecular approaches to make a significant contribution to breeding for rhizosphere related traits it will be essential to narrow the gap between basic sciences and applied breeding through more interdisciplinary research that addresses rather than avoids the complexity of plant-soil interactions. C1 [Wissuwa, Matthias] JIRCAS, Crop Prod & Environm Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058686, Japan. [Mazzola, Mark] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Picard, Christine] Univ Bologna, Area Microbiol, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Wissuwa, M (reprint author), JIRCAS, Crop Prod & Environm Div, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058686, Japan. EM wissuwa@affrc.go.jp NR 157 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 7 U2 98 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2009 VL 321 IS 1-2 BP 409 EP 430 DI 10.1007/s11104-008-9693-2 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 473FV UT WOS:000268192400017 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Rowland, LJ Ogden, EL Vinyard, BT AF Ehlenfeldt, M. K. Rowland, L. J. Ogden, E. L. Vinyard, B. T. TI Cold hardiness of southern-adapted blueberry (Vaccinium x hybrid) genotypes and the potential for their use in northern-adapted blueberry breeding SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE southern highbush; northern highbush; rabbiteye; Vaccinium corymbosum; Vaccinium ashei; deacclimation; freezing tolerance ID BUD DEVELOPMENT; RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY; CULTIVARS; DEACCLIMATION; KINETICS AB Twelve southern-adapted blueberry genotypes, both southern highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L. introgressed with 2x V. darrowi Camp) and rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade), were evaluated for bud development using a morphological scale and for mid-winter cold hardiness using a shoot freezing assay. The winter of 2006-2007 was particularly warm producing higher bud development scores for several of the genotypes and an apparent decrease of cold hardiness. Significant differences in LT(50) values (treatments causing 50% bud mortality) were observed among the genotypes in both years, with a significant clone x year interaction. The greatest range in LT(50) values occurred in 2007, when values ranged from -11.9 degrees C for 'Millennia' to -25.5 degrees C for 'Reveille', two southern highbush cultivars. Results suggest that germplasm selected in North Carolina might typically have sufficient cold hardiness to be used without concern as parental material in the development of blueberry germplasm with northern adaptation. Other more southern germplasm was generally less hardy and, if utilized as parental material, the resulting progeny would require greater scrutiny with regard to cold hardiness. C1 [Ehlenfeldt, M. K.] ARS, USDA, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Rowland, L. J.; Ogden, E. L.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vinyard, B. T.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM mark.ehlenfeldt@ars.usda.-gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 128 IS 4 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01586.x PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 479KY UT WOS:000268659400011 ER PT J AU Myles, S Peiffer, J Brown, PJ Ersoz, ES Zhang, ZW Costich, DE Buckler, ES AF Myles, Sean Peiffer, Jason Brown, Patrick J. Ersoz, Elhan S. Zhang, Zhiwu Costich, Denise E. Buckler, Edward S. TI Association Mapping: Critical Considerations Shift from Genotyping to Experimental Design SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Review ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; COMPLEX TRAITS; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FLOWERING TIME; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; JOINT LINKAGE AB The goal of many plant scientists' research is to explain natural phenotypic variation in terms of simple changes in DNA sequence. Traditionally, linkage mapping has been the most commonly employed method to reach this goal: experimental crosses are made to generate a family with known relatedness, and attempts are made to identify cosegregation of genetic markers and phenotypes within this family. In vertebrate systems, association mapping (also known as linkage disequilibrium mapping) is increasingly being adopted as the mapping method of choice. Association mapping involves searching for genotype-phenotype correlations in unrelated individuals and often is more rapid and cost-effective than traditional linkage mapping. We emphasize here that linkage and association mapping are complementary approaches and are more similar than is often assumed. Unlike in vertebrates, where controlled crosses can be expensive or impossible (e.g., in humans), the plant scientific community can exploit the advantages of both controlled crosses and association mapping to increase statistical power and mapping resolution. While the time and money required for the collection of genotype data were critical considerations in the past, the increasing availability of inexpensive DNA sequencing and genotyping methods should prompt researchers to shift their attention to experimental design. This review provides thoughts on finding the optimal experimental mix of association mapping using unrelated individuals and controlled crosses to identify the genes underlying phenotypic variation. C1 [Myles, Sean; Peiffer, Jason; Brown, Patrick J.; Ersoz, Elhan S.; Zhang, Zhiwu; Costich, Denise E.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Costich, Denise E.; Buckler, Edward S.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Myles, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM smm367@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Zhang, Zhiwu/0000-0002-5784-9684 NR 64 TC 285 Z9 299 U1 12 U2 100 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD AUG PY 2009 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2194 EP 2202 DI 10.1105/tpc.109.068437 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 501XD UT WOS:000270416700004 PM 19654263 ER PT J AU Domec, JC Noormets, A King, JS Sun, G McNulty, SG Gavazzi, MJ Boggs, JL Treasure, EA AF Domec, Jean-Christophe Noormets, Asko King, John S. Sun, Ge McNulty, Steven G. Gavazzi, Michael J. Boggs, Johnny L. Treasure, Emrys A. TI Decoupling the influence of leaf and root hydraulic conductances on stomatal conductance and its sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit as soil dries in a drained loblolly pine plantation SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; coastal plain; conductivity; embolism; LAI; leaf phenology; soil moisture; water potential ID XYLEM SAP FLUX; DOUGLAS-FIR; PONDEROSA PINE; WATER TRANSPORT; TROPICAL FOREST; DYNAMIC CHANGES; AREA INDEX; TREES; TRANSPIRATION; MODEL AB The study examined the relationships between whole tree hydraulic conductance (K(tree)) and the conductance in roots (K(root)) and leaves (K(leaf)) in loblolly pine trees. In addition, the role of seasonal variations in K(root) and K(leaf) in mediating stomatal control of transpiration and its response to vapour pressure deficit (D) as soil-dried was studied. Compared to trunk and branches, roots and leaves had the highest loss of conductivity and contributed to more than 75% of the total tree hydraulic resistance. Drought altered the partitioning of the resistance between roots and leaves. As soil moisture dropped below 50%, relative extractable water (REW), K(root) declined faster than K(leaf). Although K(tree) depended on soil moisture, its dynamics was tempered by the elongation of current-year needles that significantly increased K(leaf) when REW was below 50%. After accounting for the effect of D on g(s), the seasonal decline in K(tree) caused a 35% decrease in g(s) and in its sensitivity to D, responses that were mainly driven by K(leaf) under high REW and by K(root) under low REW. We conclude that not only water stress but also leaf phenology affects the coordination between K(tree) and g(s) and the acclimation of trees to changing environmental conditions. C1 [Domec, Jean-Christophe; Noormets, Asko; King, John S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven G.; Gavazzi, Michael J.; Boggs, Johnny L.; Treasure, Emrys A.] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Domec, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jdomec@ncsu.edu RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111 FU USDA [04-CA-11330147-238] FX This work was supported by the USDA Forest Service Southern Global Change Program cooperative agreement 04-CA-11330147-238. The Weyerhaeuser Company is gratefully acknowledged for facilitating access to the study site and offering logistical assistance. NR 72 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 32 IS 8 BP 980 EP 991 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01981.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 469GQ UT WOS:000267884800004 PM 19344336 ER PT J AU Attanayake, RN Glawe, DA Dugan, FM Chen, WD AF Attanayake, Renuka N. Glawe, Dean A. Dugan, Frank M. Chen, Weidong TI Erysiphe trifolii Causing Powdery Mildew of Lentil (Lens culinaris) SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PEA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; PLANTS; YIELD; PISI AB The taxonomy of the powdery mildew fungus infecting lentil in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States was investigated on the basis of morphology and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Anamorphic characters were in close agreement with descriptions of Erysiphe trifolii. However, teleomorphs formed chasmothecial appendages with highly branched apices, whereas E. trifolii has been described as producing flexuous or sometimes loosely branched appendages. Branched appendages have been described in Erysiphe diffusa, a fungus reported from species of Lens, Glycine, and Sophora. raising the possibility that the PNW fungus, could be E. diffusa. Examination of morphological characters of all authentic specimen of E. trifolii from Austria determined that it included chasmothecial appendages resembling those seen in PNW specimens. Furthermore. ITS sequences from Five powdery mildew samples collected from lentils in PNW greenhouses and fields from 2006 to 2008 were identical to one another. and exhibited higher Similarity to sequences of E. trifolii (99%) than to those of any other Erysiphe spp. available in GenBank. Parsimony analysis grouped the lentil powdery mildew into a clade with Erysiphe baeumleri, E. trifolii, and E. trifolii-like Oidium sp., but indicated a more distant relationship to E. dffusa. In greenhouse inoculation studies, the lentil powdery mildew fungus did not infect soybean genotypes known to be susceptible to E. diffusa. The pathogenicity of E. trifolii oil lentil was confirmed using modified Koch's postulates. This is the first report of E. trifolii infecting lentil. E. diffusa and E. trifolii have different host ranges, so the discovery of E. trifolii oil lentil has implications both for determining species of powdery mildews on cool-season grain legumes, and in disease management. C1 [Dugan, Frank M.; Chen, Weidong] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Attanayake, Renuka N.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Glawe, Dean A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Seattle, WA USA. [Glawe, Dean A.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chen, WD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM w-chen@wsu.edu FU USDA-CSREES Cool Season Food Legume Research Program FX We thank Randall Nelson of USDA-ARS. Urbana. IL for providing the powdery mildew specimen oil Glycine sp. and soybean seeds, and Uwe Braun of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Budapest, Hungary for correspondence concerning the taxonomical status of Erysiphe trifolii. The research was funded in part by the USDA-CSREES Cool Season Food Legume Research Program. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 93 IS 8 BP 797 EP 803 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-8-0797 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 478IB UT WOS:000268579900004 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Bledsoe, ME AF Ling, K. -S. Bledsoe, M. E. TI First Report of Mexican papita viroid Infecting Greenhouse Tomato in Canada SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Ling, K. -S.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Bledsoe, M. E.] Village Farms, Heathrow, FL 32746 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 93 IS 8 BP 839 EP 839 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-8-0839B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 478IB UT WOS:000268579900012 ER PT J AU Yun, HY Rossman, AY Byrne, J AF Yun, H. Y. Rossman, A. Y. Byrne, J. TI First Report of Gymnosporangium sabinae, European Pear Rust, on Bradford Pear in Michigan SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Yun, H. Y.; Rossman, A. Y.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Byrne, J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Yun, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 93 IS 8 BP 841 EP 841 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-8-0841 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 478IB UT WOS:000268579900017 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Mallik, I Gudmestad, NC AF Crosslin, J. M. Mallik, I. Gudmestad, N. C. TI First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus Causing Potato Tuber Necrosis in Texas SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Mallik, I.; Gudmestad, N. C.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 93 IS 8 BP 845 EP 845 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-8-0845A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 478IB UT WOS:000268579900028 ER PT J AU Caesar, AJ Lartey, RT AF Caesar, A. J. Lartey, R. T. TI First Report of a Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria brassicae on the Invasive Weed Lepidium draba in North America SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID CARDARIA-DRABA C1 [Caesar, A. J.; Lartey, R. T.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 93 IS 8 BP 846 EP 846 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-8-0846A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 478IB UT WOS:000268579900030 ER PT J AU Kuleci, E Tunali, B Berner, DK Cavin, CA Castlebury, LA AF Kuleci, E. Tunali, B. Berner, D. K. Cavin, C. A. Castlebury, L. A. TI First Report of Leaf Anthracnose Caused by Phomopsis convolvuli on Field Bindweed in Turkey SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID ARVENSIS C1 [Kuleci, E.; Tunali, B.] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. [Berner, D. K.; Cavin, C. A.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Castlebury, L. A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kuleci, E (reprint author), Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 93 IS 8 BP 847 EP 847 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-8-0847B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 478IB UT WOS:000268579900034 ER PT J AU Young, GK Cooke, LR Kirk, WW Tumbalam, R Perez, FM Deahl, KL AF Young, G. K. Cooke, L. R. Kirk, W. W. Tumbalam, R. Perez, F. M. Deahl, K. L. TI Influence of competition and host plant resistance on selection in Phytophthora infestans populations in Michigan, USA and in Northern Ireland SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aggressiveness; cultivar resistance; potato; potato late blight; virulence ID LATE-BLIGHT; POTATO CULTIVARS; LOCAL ADAPTATION; AGGRESSIVENESS; TEMPERATURE; STABILITY; MIGRATION; GENOTYPES; FITNESS; REGION AB Competition between genotypes of Phytopbthora infestans was studied by inoculating potato cultivars with differing susceptibility to late blight in field experiments over three years in Northern Ireland, UK, and Michigan, USA. Multiple isolates of six genotype groups of P. infestans were chosen from the local populations in both N. Ireland and Michigan for inoculation of separate field trials planted in 2003, 2004 and 2005. Four cultivars were used in each trial; two (susceptible cv. Atlantic and the partially resistant cv. Stirling) were common to both locations, whereas the two additional cultivars (with partial resistance to late blight) were cvs Sante and Milagro in N. Ireland and cvs Pike and Jacqueline Lee in Michigan. Single-lesion isolates of A infestans were obtained from leaves at 1% level of infection, characterized using pre-assigned markers and re-assigned to their respective genotype groups. Extreme selection occurred within the population of genotypes of P. infestans in N. Ireland in each year, with different genotype groups dominating the infection of different cultivars. Selection was observed on all cultivars tested, but was greatest on the more resistant cultivars. Over the 3 years, all of the 114 isolates obtained from cv. Milagro belonged to a single group, whereas among the 118 isolates from cv. Atlantic all six groups were represented. By contrast, in Michigan, the US-8 genotype dominated infection in all cultivars in each year; only 12 of 374 isolates characterized belonged to other genotypes (11 US-14 and a single US-10 isolate). C1 [Young, G. K.; Cooke, L. R.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Agr & Food Sci, Dept Appl Plant Sci, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. [Young, G. K.; Kirk, W. W.; Tumbalam, R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cooke, L. R.] Agri Food & Biosci Inst, Appl Plant Sci & Biometr Div, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. [Perez, F. M.; Deahl, K. L.] ARS, USDA, PSI, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Young, GK (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Agr & Food Sci, Dept Appl Plant Sci, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. EM louise.cooke@afbini.gov.uk FU Michigan State University and the Michigan Potato Industry Commission FX Michigan State University and the Michigan Potato Industry Commission are thanked for financial support of the project. We also thank members of the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) in Belfast (George Little, Cathy Donaghy, John Saulters, Mark Wilson, Jonathan Thompson) and Michigan State University (Rob Schafer, Devan Berry, Phillip Wharton, Paul Baxter), and the many students from Queen's University Belfast and Michigan State University who assisted with trial and culture maintenance and assessment. Colin Fleming (AFBI) is also thanked for his assistance with statistical analysis. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 703 EP 714 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02043.x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 481JY UT WOS:000268807400008 ER PT J AU Postnikova, E Agarkova, I Altundag, S Eskandari, F Sechler, A Karahan, A Vidaver, AK Schneider, W Ozakman, M Schaad, NW AF Postnikova, E. Agarkova, I. Altundag, S. Eskandari, F. Sechler, A. Karahan, A. Vidaver, A. K. Schneider, W. Ozakman, M. Schaad, N. W. TI Rathayibacter iranicus isolated from symptomless wheat seeds in Turkey SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Postnikova, E.; Eskandari, F.; Sechler, A.; Schneider, W.; Schaad, N. W.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Agarkova, I.; Vidaver, A. K.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Altundag, S.; Karahan, A.; Ozakman, M.] Plant Protect Res Inst, Ankara, Turkey. RP Postnikova, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM norman.schaad@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 796 EP 796 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02076.x PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 481JY UT WOS:000268807400044 ER PT J AU de Jensen, CE Abad, GZ AF de Jensen, C. Estevez Abad, G. Z. TI Fusarium solani species complex newly identified to cause root rot in hydroponically grown lettuce and cilantro in Puerto Rico SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [de Jensen, C. Estevez] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Abad, G. Z.] USDA APHIS PPQ PSPI Mol Diagnost Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP de Jensen, CE (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, Mayaguez Campus, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM cestevez@uprm.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 801 EP 801 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02073.x PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 481JY UT WOS:000268807400055 ER PT J AU Collmer, A Schneider, DJ Lindeberg, M AF Collmer, Alan Schneider, David J. Lindeberg, Magdalen TI Lifestyles of the Effector Rich: Genome-Enabled Characterization of Bacterial Plant Pathogens SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PV. TOMATO DC3000; III SECRETION SYSTEM; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS C58; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; RALSTONIA-SOLANACEARUM; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS; INNATE IMMUNITY; HRP REGULON; SEQUENCE C1 [Collmer, Alan; Lindeberg, Magdalen] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schneider, David J.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lindeberg, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ml16@cornell.edu RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program [DBI-0605059] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (grant no. DBI-0605059). NR 73 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 150 IS 4 BP 1623 EP 1630 DI 10.1104/pp.109.140327 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 479WJ UT WOS:000268692200002 PM 19515788 ER PT J AU Sullivan, ML AF Sullivan, Michael L. TI A Novel Red Clover Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase Has Enzymatic Activities Consistent with a Role in Phaselic Acid Biosynthesis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITIES; CHLOROGENIC ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRIFOLIUM-PRATENSE; RAPHANUS-SATIVUS; EXPRESSION; CLONING; PROTEOLYSIS; METABOLISM; GENE AB Red clover (Trifolium pratense) leaves accumulate several mu mol g(-1) fresh weight of phaselic acid [2-O-(caffeoyl)-L-malate]. Postharvest oxidation of such o-diphenols to o-quinones by endogenous polyphenol oxidases prevents breakdown of forage protein during storage. Forage crops like alfalfa (Medicago sativa) lack both polyphenol oxidase and o-diphenols, and breakdown of their protein upon harvest and storage results in economic losses and release of excess nitrogen into the environment. Understanding how red clover synthesizes o-diphenols such as phaselic acid will help in the development of forage crops utilizing this natural system of protein protection. A possible pathway for phaselic acid biosynthesis predicts a hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) capable of forming caffeoyl and/or p-coumaroyl esters with malate. Genes encoding two distinct HCTs were identified in red clover. HCT1 shares more than 75% amino acid identity with a number of well-characterized shikimate O-HCTs implicated in monolignol biosynthesis. HCT2 shares only 34% amino acid sequence identity with HCT1 and has limited sequence identity to any previously identified HCT. Expression analyses indicate that HCT1 mRNA accumulates to 4-fold higher levels in stems than in leaves, whereas HCT2 mRNA accumulates to 10-fold higher levels in leaves than in stems. Activity assays of HCT1 and HCT2 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli indicate that HCT1 transfers caffeoyl or p-coumaroyl moieties from a coenzyme A-thiolester to shikimate but not malate, whereas HCT2 transfers caffeoyl or p-coumaroyl moieties from a coenzyme A-thiolester to malate but not shikimate. Together, these results indicate that HCT1 is involved in monolignol biosynthesis and HCT2 is a novel transferase likely involved in phaselic acid biosynthesis. C1 ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sullivan, ML (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM michael.sullivan@ars.usda.gov OI Sullivan, Michael/0000-0002-8517-4493 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program [2009-35318-05048] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (grant no. 2009-35318-05048). NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 150 IS 4 BP 1866 EP 1879 DI 10.1104/pp.109.136689 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 479WJ UT WOS:000268692200024 PM 19525325 ER PT J AU Oliver, JP Castro, A Gaggero, C Cascon, T Schmelz, EA Castresana, C de Leon, IP AF Pablo Oliver, Juan Castro, Alexandra Gaggero, Carina Cascon, Tomas Schmelz, Eric A. Castresana, Carmen Ponce de Leon, Ines TI Pythium infection activates conserved plant defense responses in mosses SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Cell wall reinforcement; Chloroplasts; Defense genes; Jasmonic acid; Physcomitrella; Pythium ID DISEASE RESISTANCE RESPONSE; PHYSCOMITRELLA-PATENS; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; CELL-DEATH; CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA; PATHOGEN DEFENSE; OSMOTIC-STRESS; ARABIDOPSIS; METABOLISM AB The moss Physcomitrella patens (P. patens) is a useful model to study abiotic stress responses since it is highly tolerant to drought, salt and osmotic stress. However, very little is known about the defense mechanisms activated in this moss after pathogen assault. In this study, we show that P. patens activated multiple and similar responses against Pythium irregulare and Pythium debaryanum, including the reinforcement of the cell wall, induction of the defense genes CHS, LOX and PAL, and accumulation of the signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). However, theses responses were not sufficient and infection could not be prevented leading to hyphae colonization of moss tissues and plant decay. Pythium infection induced reactive oxygen species production and caused cell death of moss tissues. Taken together, these data indicate that Pythium infection activates in P. patens common responses to those previously characterized in flowering plants. Microscopic analysis also revealed intracellular relocation of chloroplasts in Pythium-infected tissues toward the infection site. In addition, OPDA, JA and its methyl ester methyl jasmonate induced the expression of PAL. Our results show for the first time JA and OPDA accumulation in a moss and suggest that this defense pathway is functional and has been maintained during the evolution of plants. C1 [Pablo Oliver, Juan; Castro, Alexandra; Gaggero, Carina; Ponce de Leon, Ines] IIBCE, Dept Biol Mol, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. [Cascon, Tomas; Castresana, Carmen] Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Dept Genet Mol Plantas, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Madrid 28049, Spain. [Schmelz, Eric A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP de Leon, IP (reprint author), IIBCE, Dept Biol Mol, Ave Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. EM iponce@iibce.edu.uy OI Ponce de Leon, Ines/0000-0001-6495-4055 FU DINACYT [9008]; ANII [FCE2007_376]; UdelaR Uruguay/CSIC Spain FX We gratefully acknowledge Roberto Solano (Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia-CSIC, Spain) and Alicia Arias (II-BCE, Uruguay) for their generous gift of Pythium irregulare (Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia- CSIC; Madrid, Spain) and Pythium debaryanum (collection INIA; Las Brujas, Uruguay), respectively. We thank Harvey C. Hoch (NYSAES, Cornell University, USA) for supplying us with the dye solophenyl flavine 7GFE500. We also thank Marcos Montesano (Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Uruguay), Roberto Solano and Sabina Vidal (Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Uruguay) for helpful discussion and critical reading of the manuscript. The authors thank DINACYT (Fondo Clemente Estable 9008) Uruguay, ANII (Fondo Clemente Estable FCE2007_376) Uruguay and UdelaR Uruguay/CSIC Spain (Joint project) for financial support. A. Castro was supported by a PEDECIBA fellowship, Uruguay. The Physcomitrella ESTs were obtained from the RIKEN Biological Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan. NR 53 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD AUG PY 2009 VL 230 IS 3 BP 569 EP 579 DI 10.1007/s00425-009-0969-4 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 475WG UT WOS:000268393600011 PM 19551405 ER PT J AU Jayasinghe, R Niu, LH Coram, TE Kong, S Kaganovitch, J Xue, CCL Li, CG Pang, ECK AF Jayasinghe, Ruchira Niu, Lin Hai Coram, Tristan E. Kong, Stephan Kaganovitch, Janna Xue, Charlie C. L. Li, Chun G. Pang, Edwin C. K. TI Effectiveness of an Innovative Prototype Subtracted Diversity Array (SDA) for Fingerprinting Plant Species of Medicinal Importance SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE genotyping; microarray; diversity; phylogenetics; angiosperms ID TECHNOLOGY DART; DNA MICROARRAY; AUTHENTICATION; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; VALIDATION AB The accurate identification of medicinal plants is becoming increasingly important due to reported concerns about purity, quality and safety. The previously developed prototype subtracted diversity array (SDA) had been validated for the ability to distinguish clade-level targets in a phylogenetically accurate manner. This Study represents the rigorous investigation of the SDA for genotyping capabilities, including the genotyping of plant species not included during the construction of the SDA, as well as to lower classification levels including family and species. The results show that the SDA, in its current form, has the ability to accurately genotype species not included during SDA development to clade level. Additionally, for those species that were included during SDA development, genotyping is Successful to the family level, and to the species level with minor exceptions. Twenty polymorphic SDA features were sequenced in a first attempt to characterize the polymorphic DNA between species, which showed that transposon-like sequences may be valuable as polymorphic features to differentiate angiosperm families and species. Future refinements of the SDA to allow more sensitive genotyping are discussed with the overall goal of accurate medicinal plant identification in mind. C1 [Niu, Lin Hai; Kong, Stephan; Kaganovitch, Janna; Pang, Edwin C. K.] RMIT Univ, Sch Appl Sci Biotechnol & Environm Biol, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Jayasinghe, Ruchira; Xue, Charlie C. L.; Li, Chun G.] RMIT Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Div Chinese Med, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Coram, Tristan E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Coram, Tristan E.] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Pang, ECK (reprint author), RMIT Univ, Sch Appl Sci Biotechnol & Environm Biol, Plenty Rd, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. EM eddie.pang@rmit.edu.au RI Coram, Tristan/E-8744-2010; OI Xue, Charlie/0000-0001-6937-9088 FU RMIT University VRII FX The authors wish to acknowledge the funding of this research by an RMIT University VRII grant. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1180 EP 1185 DI 10.1055/s-0029-1185484 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 492WL UT WOS:000269693200018 PM 19296429 ER PT J AU Wilson, BA Berry, EH Toney, MB Kim, YT Cromartie, JB AF Wilson, Beth A. Berry, E. Helen Toney, Michael B. Kim, Young-Taek Cromartie, John B. TI A Panel Based Analysis of the Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Other Individual Level Characteristics at Leaving on Returning SO POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Return migration; Tempo of migration; Race/ethnic; Internal migration; Repeat migration ID UNITED-STATES; INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION; GREAT MIGRATION; ONWARD MIGRANTS; SELECTION; HOME; US; IMMIGRATION; COHORT; AREAS AB Individual level differentials between migrants and nonmigrants are examined to ascertain the likelihood of return migration to a prior residence based on characteristics at the time of departure from place of origin. Analysis focuses on comparisons of Hispanics, blacks and whites, examining the odds of return migration by education, employment status, marital status, home ownership, length of residence, gender, age, and migration interval. The 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) is utilized to identify 13,798 preliminary migrations that may be followed by at least one return migration. Findings indicate a sharp decline in propensity to return migrate as length of absence from origin increases. Regardless of length of time since the preliminary migration, both blacks and Hispanics are more likely to return migrate than are whites. Individuals who resided at place of origin for longer periods before leaving had strikingly higher odds for return migration. C1 [Berry, E. Helen; Toney, Michael B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Social Work & Anthropol, Logan, UT 84332 USA. [Wilson, Beth A.] Metropolitan State Coll, Denver, CO 80204 USA. [Kim, Young-Taek] Korean Womens Dev Inst, Seoul, South Korea. [Cromartie, John B.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Berry, EH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Social Work & Anthropol, 0730 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84332 USA. EM bethawilson@juno.com; Eddy.Berry@usu.edu; Mike.Toney@usu.edu; ytk@kwdi.re.kr; jbc@ers.usda.gov NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5923 J9 POPUL RES POLICY REV JI Popul. Res. Policy Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 405 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s11113-008-9105-6 PG 24 WC Demography SC Demography GA 480IV UT WOS:000268728300002 ER PT J AU Poole, T Crippen, T AF Poole, T. Crippen, T. TI Conjugative plasmid transfer between Salmonella enterica Newport and Escherichia coli within the gastrointestinal tract of the lesser mealworm beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE darkling beetle; Alphitobius diaperinus; antimicrobial resistance; poultry litter ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES; RESERVOIR COMPETENCE; ERWINIA-HERBICOLA; DISEASE VIRUS; POULTRY; STRAINS; CHICKEN; TURKEY; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; TRANSCONJUGATION AB The objective of this study was to determine if conjugative transfer of antimicrobial resistance plasmids could occur between donor and recipient bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract of lesser mealworm beetles, a common pest in poultry production facilities. In 3 replicate studies (n = 40 overall), beetles were allowed to feed for 2 h on brain heart infusion agar inoculated with a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Newport strain (SN11 that carried plasmid replicons A/C and N) at 1.0 x 10(8) cfu/mL. Beetles were surface-disinfected and allowed to feed for 16 h on brain heart infusion agar inoculated with nalidixic acid-and rifampicin-resistant Escherichia coli JM109 at 9.0 x 10(6) cfu/mL. After bacterial exposure, beetles were surface-disinfected, homogenized, and selectively plated for transconjugants. Serial dilutions were done for conjugation frequencies. In vitro filter conjugations were performed simultaneously with beetle conjugations. Transconjugants were produced in all beetles exposed to both donor and recipient bacteria. Ninety-five percent of the beetle and 100% of the in vitro filter transconjugants were positive for the N plasmid replicon. The A/C replicon, which was also detected in the SN11 donor strain, did not transfer in any of the conjugation studies. None of the transconjugants displayed resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The geometric mean conjugation frequency in the beetle gut was 1.07 x 10(-1). The average conjugation frequencies for the beetle gut were 2 logs higher than those for the filter conjugations 4.1 x 10(-3). This study demonstrates that horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance plasmids can occur between Salmonella and E. coli within the gut of beetles and that beetles may be used as an in vivo model to study resistance gene transfer. C1 [Poole, T.; Crippen, T.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Poole, T (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM toni.poole@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1553 EP 1558 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00553 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 472JY UT WOS:000268128100005 PM 19590068 ER PT J AU Pohle, K Cheng, HW AF Pohle, K. Cheng, H. -W. TI Furnished cage system and hen well-being: Comparative effects of furnished cages and battery cages on behavioral exhibitions in White Leghorn chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE furnished cage; battery cage; behavior; chicken; well-being ID LAYING HENS; DOMESTIC-FOWL; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; HOUSING SYSTEMS; TIME BUDGETS; WELFARE; STRENGTH; PRIORITIES; PERCHES AB The battery cage system is being banned in the European Union before or by 2012, and the furnished cage system will be the only cage system allowed after 2012. This study was conducted to examine the different effects of caging systems, furnished cages vs. battery cages, on bird behaviors. One hundred ninety-two 1-d-old non-beak-trimmed Hy-Line W-36 White Leghorn chicks were reared using standard management practices in raised wire cages. At 19 wk of age, the birds were randomly assigned into battery cages or furnished cages. The battery cages were commercial wire cages containing 6 birds per cage, providing 645 cm(2) of floor space per birds. The furnished cages had wire floors and solid metal walls, with perches, a dustbathing area, scratch pads, and a nestbox area with a concealment curtain. Based on the company recommendations, 10 birds were housed per cage, providing a stocking density of 610 cm(2) of floor space per bird. Behavioral observations were conducted using the Noldus Observer software package. The birds were observed at 5-min intervals for the entire light period. The birds housed in battery cages had higher posture and behavioral transitions and increased time spent walking and performing exploratory behavior (P < 0.05, 0.01, respectively), which may indicate they were stressed, resulting in restlessness, whereas the birds housed in furnished cages had higher levels of preening (P < 0.05). Preening has been considered as a comfort behavior in birds. These results may suggest that furnished cages may be a favorable alternative system for housing birds by allowing them to perform certain natural behaviors. C1 [Cheng, H. -W.] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pohle, K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 25 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1559 EP 1564 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00045 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 472JY UT WOS:000268128100006 PM 19590069 ER PT J AU Kim, DK Kim, CH Lamont, SJ Keeler, CL Lillehoj, HS AF Kim, D. K. Kim, C. H. Lamont, S. J. Keeler, C. L., Jr. Lillehoj, H. S. TI Gene expression profiles of two B-complex disparate, genetically inbred Fayoumi chicken lines that differ in susceptibility to Eimeria maxima SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coccidiosis; Fayoumi; complementary DNA microarray; intraepithelial lymphocyte ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS; SALMONELLA INFECTION; CDNA MICROARRAY; VIRUS-INFECTION; HOST RESPONSES; CELL-DEATH; DISEASE; PATHWAY; COCCIDIOSIS; ACTIVATION AB This study was conducted to compare the gene expression profiles, after Eimeria maxima infection, between 2 B-complex congenic lines of Fayoumi chickens that display differences in disease resistance and innate immunity against avian coccidiosis using cDNA microarray. When compared with uninfected controls using a cutoff of >2.0-fold alteration (P < 0.05), M5.1 demonstrated altered expression of 1 (downregulated), 12(6 up, 6 down), and 18 (5 up, 13 down) mRNA at 3, 4, and 5 d postinfection, respectively. In the M15.2 line, altered expression was observed in 6 (3 up, 3 down), 29 (11 up, 18 down), and 32 (8 up, 24 down) transcripts at the 3 time points, compared with uninfected controls. Comparison of the expression levels between M5.1 and M15.2 chickens after E. maxima infection revealed alterations in 32 (10 up, 22 down), 98 (43 up, 55 down), and 92 (33 up, 59 down) mRNA at the 3 time points. Functional analysis using gene ontology categorized the genes exhibiting the different expression patterns between 2 chicken lines into several gene ontology terms including immunity and defense. In summary, transcriptional profiles showed that more gene expression changes occurred with E. maxima infection in the M15.2 than the M5.1 line. The most gene expression differences between the 2 chicken lines were exhibited at d 4 and 5 after E. maxima infection. These results demonstrate that differential gene expression patterns associated with the host genetic difference in coccidiosis resistance provide insights into the host protective immune mechanisms and present a rational basis to target specific genes and gene products to bolster host defenses against avian coccidiosis. C1 [Kim, D. K.; Lillehoj, H. S.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, C. H.] Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Korean Bioinformat Ctr, Taejon 305806, South Korea. [Lamont, S. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Keeler, C. L., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov FU Korea Research Foundation; Korean government, Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development [KRF-2006-214-F00017] FX We thank Marjorie Nichols ( Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, ARS, USDA) for technical assistance. This work was supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean government, Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development ( Seoul, Republic of Korea; number KRF-2006-214-F00017). NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1565 EP 1579 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00012 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 472JY UT WOS:000268128100007 PM 19590070 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Corzo, A Kidd, MT Tillman, PB Branton, SL AF Dozier, W. A., III Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. Tillman, P. B. Branton, S. L. TI Digestible lysine requirements of male and female broilers from fourteen to twenty-eight days of age SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE digestible lysine; body weight gain; feed intake; feed conversion; mortality ID FED REPRESENTATIVE 1957; CHICKENS; RESPONSES; DIETS AB There is little research data available on the digestible Lys requirement of broilers from 2 to 4 wk of age. Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestible Lys requirements of male and female Ross x Ross TP16 broilers from 14 to 28 d. Two diets (dilution and summit) consisting of corn, soybean meal, poultry by-product meal, and peanut meal were formulated to be adequate in all other amino acids. The dilution and summit diets were blended to create 9 titration diets. A control diet containing adequate Lys was used for comparison with the titration diets. A true Lys digestibility assay was conducted with cecectomized roosters to determine the values for the dilution ( low) and summit ( high) diets. True digestible Lys of the low and high dose-response diets were determined to be 0.84 and 1.21%, respectively. Body weight gain, feed intake, digestible Lys intake, digestible Lys intake: BW gain, feed conversion, and mortality were assessed during experimentation. Digestible Lys requirements were estimated using a quadratic broken-line model and a quadratic regression equation based on 95% of the optimum response. In experiment 1, the digestible Lys requirement for male Ross x Ross TP16 broilers was determined to be between 1.07 and 1.09% and 1.10 and 1.15%, for BW gain and feed conversion, respectively. In experiment 2, the digestible Lys requirement for female Ross x Ross TP16 broilers was estimated as 0.98% for BW gain determined with a quadratic broken-line model and 1.03 and 0.99% for feed conversion, respectively, using a quadratic regression equation based on 95% of the optimum response and the quadratic broken-line model. Digestible Lys requirements for male and female Ross x Ross TP16 broilers were estimated at 1.10 and 1.00%, respectively, based upon BW gain and feed conversion averaged for both statistical models. C1 [Dozier, W. A., III; Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Tillman, P. B.] Ajinomoto Heartland LLC, Chicago, IL 60631 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, 201 Poultry Sci Bldg,260 Lem Morrison Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bill.dozier@auburn.edu NR 20 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1676 EP 1682 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00539 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 472JY UT WOS:000268128100020 PM 19590083 ER PT J AU Ruiz, A Williams, SK Djeri, N Hinton, A Rodrick, GE AF Ruiz, A. Williams, S. K. Djeri, N. Hinton, A., Jr. Rodrick, G. E. TI Nisin, rosemary, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid affect the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat turkey ham stored at four degrees Celsius for sixty-three days SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nisin; rosemary; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Listeria monocytogenes; turkey ham ID CURED HAM; MEMBRANE; BACTERIA; COLOR; BROTH AB The objectives of this study were to determine the anti-Listeria and general antimicrobial properties of nisin, rosemary, and EDTA alone and in combination on Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on ready-to-eat vacuum-packaged diced turkey ham and to ascertain the effects of the treatments on pH and objective color. The turkey hams were cut into 0.5-cm pieces, inoculated with a L. monocytogenes cocktail containing 5 strains of the bacterium, and treated with either no treatment and no inoculum (negative control), inoculum only (positive control), 0.5% nisin, 20 mM EDTA, 1% rosemary, 0.5% nisin + 20 mM EDTA, 0.5% nisin + 1% rosemary, 0.5% nisin + 20 mM EDTA + 1% rosemary, or 20 mM EDTA + 1% rosemary. All samples were vacuum-packaged, stored for 63 d at 4 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C, and analyzed at 1-wk intervals for total aerobes, L. monocytogenes, lactic acid organisms, pH, and objective color. Nisin, nisin with rosemary, nisin with EDTA, and nisin with rosemary and EDTA treatments reduced (P < 0.05) L. monocytogenes counts by 4.42, 4.20, 3.73, and 4.11 log cfu/g when compared with the positive control, respectively, on d 0. Listeria monocytogenes counts remained less than 2.75 log cfu/g for all hams treated with nisin. The EDTA and rosemary treatments alone and in combination were ineffective in inhibiting growth of L. monocytogenes. Although none of the treatments completely eliminated L. monocytogenes, the results indicated that ready-to-eat turkey ham can have significantly decreased L. monocytogenes when treated with nisin alone or in combination with rosemary or EDTA, or both. C1 [Ruiz, A.; Williams, S. K.; Djeri, N.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hinton, A., Jr.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rodrick, G. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Williams, SK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, POB 110910, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wsallyk@ufl.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1765 EP 1772 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00521 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 472JY UT WOS:000268128100030 PM 19590093 ER PT J AU Yang, C Everitt, JH Bradford, JM AF Yang, C. Everitt, J. H. Bradford, J. M. TI Evaluating high resolution SPOT 5 satellite imagery to estimate crop yield SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article CT 9th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP Colorado State Univ, Fdn Agron Res, Int Plant Nutr Inst DE Grain sorghum; Mid-infrared band; Principal components; SPOT 5 imagery; Vegetation indices; Yield estimation ID REMOTE-SENSING IMAGERY; VEGETATION INDEXES; COTTON GROWTH; SPECTRAL DATA; GRAIN-YIELD; VARIABILITY; REFLECTANCE; AIRBORNE AB High resolution satellite imagery has the potential to map within-field variation in crop growth and yield. This study examined SPOT 5 satellite multispectral imagery for estimating grain sorghum yield. A 60 km x 60 km SPOT 5 scene and yield monitor data from three grain sorghum fields were recorded in south Texas. The satellite scene contained four spectral bands (green, red, near-infrared and mid-infrared) with a 10-m spatial resolution. Subsets were extracted from the scene that covered the three fields. Images with pixel sizes of 20 and 30 m were also generated from the individual field images to simulate coarser resolution satellite imagery. Vegetation indices and principal components were derived from the images at the three spatial resolutions. Grain yield was related to the vegetation indices, the four bands and the principal components for each field, and for all the fields combined. The effect of the mid-infrared band on estimates of yield was examined by comparing the regression results from all four bands with those from the other three bands. Statistical analysis showed that the 10-m, four-band image and the aggregated 20-m and 30-m images explained 68, 76 and 83%, respectively, of the variation in yield for all the fields combined. The coefficient of determination between yield and the imagery increased with pixel size because of the smoothing effect. The inclusion of the mid-infrared band slightly improved the R (2) values. These results indicate that high resolution SPOT 5 multispectral imagery can be a useful data source for determining within-field yield variation for crop management. C1 [Yang, C.; Everitt, J. H.; Bradford, J. M.] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM chenghai.yang@ars.usda.gov RI 黄, 建荣/B-8070-2011 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 292 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s11119-009-9120-6 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 462IK UT WOS:000267344400002 ER PT J AU Alali, WQ Scott, HM Christian, KL Fajt, VR Harvey, RB Lawhorn, DB AF Alali, W. Q. Scott, H. M. Christian, K. L. Fajt, V. R. Harvey, R. B. Lawhorn, D. B. TI Relationship between level of antibiotic use and resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from integrated multi-site cohorts of humans and swine SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Antibiotic use; Antibiotic resistance; E. coli; Mean monthly dosage ID TO-FINISH FARMS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; PIGS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CEFTIOFUR; ONTARIO; CHLORTETRACYCLINE; CONSEQUENCES; ASSOCIATIONS AB The objective of this longitudinal ecological study was to examine the relationship between the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant (AR) commensal Escherichia coli isolates from both monthly human wastewater and composite swine fecal samples and the concurrent aggregated monthly antibiotic use recorded within each host species in multi-site vertically integrated swine and human populations. In addition, human vocation (swine worker versus non-swine worker), swine production group, and season were examined as potential confounding variables. Human and swine E. coli isolates (n = 2469 human and 2310 swine, respectively) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a commercial broth microdilution system. In the human population, among swine workers the relative odds of tetracycline resistance were increased significantly for tetracycline (class) drug use at the third quartile and above of mean monthly dosage (MMD) (OR = 1.8) as compared to the referent category (non-use). The relative odds of ciprofloxacin resistance were significantly increased for ciprofloxacin use in non-swine workers (OR = 5.5) as compared to the referent (non-use). The relative odds of tetracycline resistance were increased significantly for chlortetracycline use in medicated feed for the upper tertile of MMD category (OR= 2.9) as compared to the referent category (no use) across all swine production groups. While high variability among seasonal samples over the 3-year period was observed, no common seasonal trends relating to antibiotic use and prevalence of resistance over the 3-year period were apparent. The overall effects of concurrent human and swine antibiotic use on AR E coli levels were inconsistent and modest in this study. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alali, W. Q.; Scott, H. M.; Christian, K. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Harvey, R. B.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Fajt, V. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Scott, HM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, 332 Coles Hall,1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM hmscott@vet.k-state.edu OI Fajt, Virginia/0000-0003-0697-7149 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3-4 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.05.018 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 468DK UT WOS:000267794100002 PM 19501924 ER PT J AU Garber, L Forde-Folle, K Beam, A Hill, G AF Garber, L. Forde-Folle, K. Beam, A. Hill, G. TI Survey of small-enterprise chicken operations in the United States SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Poultry; Small enterprise; Biosecurity; National Animal Health Monitoring System; Survey; National Agricultural Statistics Service ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; FARMS; BIOSECURITY AB The National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Small-Enterprise Chicken study was conducted to better understand bird movement and biosecurity practices of commercial poultry operations having fewer than 20,000 chickens. A stratified random sample of 2511 operations having 1000-19,999 chickens was selected from a list maintained by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), based primarily upon data from the 2002 Census of Agriculture; 1789 (72.1%) operations participated in the study. Over one-half of operations were contract operations with breeding birds, and one-fourth were contract operations without breeding birds. Only 17% of operations were independent (noncontract) operations. Independent operations were primarily table-egg producers and to a lesser extent, growers. Independent operations were more likely to have birds other than chickens, to allow outdoor access to birds, and had less stringent biosecurity requirements compared to contract operations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Garber, L.] Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Garber, L (reprint author), Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Lindsey.P.Garber@aphis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3-4 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.05.013 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 468DK UT WOS:000267794100006 PM 19501925 ER PT J AU Natarajan, SS Xu, CP Cregan, P Caperna, TJ Garrett, WM Luthria, D AF Natarajan, Savithiry S. Xu, Chenping Cregan, Perry Caperna, Thomas J. Garrett, Wesley M. Luthria, Devanand TI Utility of proteomics techniques for assessing protein expression SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Current and Future Methods for Evaluating the Allergenic Potential of Proteins CY OCT 23-25, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP Health & Environ Sci Inst, Protein Allergenic Tech Committ DE Soybean; Glycine soja; Glycine max; 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF-MS; LC-MS/MS; Allergen ID M BD 30K; SOYBEAN TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; IMMUNODOMINANT ALLERGEN; BETA-CONGLYCININ; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; SEED PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; ELECTROPHORESIS; SOLUBILIZATION; GERMPLASM AB Proteomic technologies are currently used as an effective analytical tool for examining modifications in protein profiles. Understanding the natural variation of soybean seed proteins is necessary to evaluate potential unintended (collateral) effects due to transgenic modifications in genetically modified (GMO) soybeans. We used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to separate, identify and quantify the different classes of soybean seed proteins. Sixteen soybean genotypes, including four wild and twelve cultivated genotypes, belonging to four different subgroups were used as models for protein profile evaluation. Significant variations of allergen and anti-nutritional protein profiles were observed between two different groups, cultivated and wild soybean genotypes. However, only minor variations in protein profiles were observed within the soybean samples from the same group (cultivated or wild). These results may be useful to scientists needing to compare GMO and non-GMO soybeans once additional data are generated on additional soybean varieties and the same varieties grown at different geographical locations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Natarajan, Savithiry S.; Cregan, Perry] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Xu, Chenping] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Caperna, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Garrett, Wesley M.] Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Luthria, Devanand] Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Natarajan, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM savi.natarajan@ars.usda.gov RI Xu, Chenping/C-7751-2009 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 EI 1096-0295 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 SU 1 BP S32 EP S36 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.12.003 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 476TZ UT WOS:000268470100007 PM 19133307 ER PT J AU Ozias-Akins, P Ramos, ML Faustinelli, P Chu, Y Maleki, S Thelen, JJ Huntley, J Arias, K Jordana, M AF Ozias-Akins, Peggy Ramos, M. Laura Faustinelli, Paola Chu, Ye Maleki, Soheila Thelen, Jay J. Huntley, James Arias, Katherine Jordana, Manel TI Spontaneous and induced variability of allergens in commodity crops: Ara h 2 in peanut as a case study SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Current and Future Methods for Evaluating the Allergenic Potential of Proteins CY OCT 23-25, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP Health & Environ Sci Inst, Protein Allergenic Tech Committ DE Peanut; Groundnut; Arachis duranensis; Arachis hypogaea; Ara h 2; RNA interference; RNA silencing; TILLING; Mutagenesis ID IGE-BINDING EPITOPES; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; MAJOR ALLERGEN; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATIONS; STABILITY; ARA-H-3 AB Many commodity crops are grown for human consumption, and the resulting food products usually contain proteins, some of which may be allergenic. The legumes peanut and soybean as well as tree nuts and,, some cereal grains are well recognized sources of food allergens. In peanut, there are 11 documented allergenic proteins, although the major allergens are considered to be Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 both of which, are seed storage proteins. Methods to reduce or eliminate these proteins from seeds are available and allow the feasibility of this approach to be tested. Greatly reduced amounts of Ara h 2 can be achieved by RNA silencing in transgenic peanut; however, mutagenesis is a more viable and socially acceptable approach to allergen elimination. Although the techniques for mutagenesis are not new, methods for mutant detection at the molecular level have recently been developed. However, these methods are dependent on genome sequence. These methods will facilitate discovery of spontaneous and induced mutations that may be useful over the long term to eliminate certain allergens from peanut. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ozias-Akins, Peggy; Ramos, M. Laura; Faustinelli, Paola; Chu, Ye] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Maleki, Soheila] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Thelen, Jay J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Huntley, James] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Arias, Katherine; Jordana, Manel] McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Ozias-Akins, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton Campus,2356 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pozias@uga.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP S37 EP S40 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.11.002 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 476TZ UT WOS:000268470100008 PM 19047008 ER PT J AU Kim, S McGaughey, RJ Andersen, HE Schreuder, G AF Kim, Sooyoung McGaughey, Robert J. Andersen, Hans-Erik Schreuder, Gerard TI Tree species differentiation using intensity data derived from leaf-on and leaf-off airborne laser scanner data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE LIDAR intensity; Leaf-on and leaf-off data; Tree crown separation; Species differentiation ID INDIVIDUAL TREES; FOREST STANDS; LIDAR; HEIGHT; LEVEL; CLASSIFICATION; VOLUME; FIELD AB Tree species identification is important for a variety of natural resource management and monitoring activities including riparian buffer characterization, wildfire risk assessment, biodiversity monitoring, and wildlife habitat assessment. Intensity data recorded for each laser point in a LIDAR system is related to the spectral reflectance of the target material and thus may be useful for differentiating materials and ultimately tree species. The aim of this study is to test if LIDAR intensity data can be used to differentiate tree species. Leaf-off and leaf-on LIDAR data were obtained in the Washington Park Arboretum, Seattle, Washington, USA. Field work was conducted to measure tree locations, tree species and heights, crown base heights, and crown diameters of individual trees for eight broadleaved species and seven coniferous species. LIDAR points from individual trees were identified using the field-measured tree location. Points from adjacent trees within a crown were excluded using a procedure to separate crown overlap. Mean intensity values of laser returns within individual tree crowns were compared between species. We found that the intensity values for different species were related not only to reflective properties of the vegetation, but also to a presence or absence of foliage and the arrangement of foliage and branches within individual tree crowns. The classification results for broadleaved and coniferous species using linear discriminant function with a cross validation suggests that the classification rate was higher using leaf-off data (83.4%) than using leaf-on data (73.1%), with highest (90.6%) when combining these two LIDAR data sets. The result also indicates that different ranges of intensity values between two LIDAR datasets didn't affect the result of discriminant functions. Overall results indicate that some species and species groups can be differentiated using LIDAR intensity data and implies the potential of combining two LIDAR datasets for one study. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Sooyoung; Schreuder, Gerard] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McGaughey, Robert J.] Univ Washington, US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Andersen, Hans-Erik] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage Forestry Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, POB 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kisoyo@u.washington.edu FU Precision Forestry Cooperative FX This research was funded by Precision Forestry Cooperative at the University of Washington College of Forest Resources. The authors would also like to thank Professors David Briggs, Thomas Hinckley and Marina Alberti at the University of Washington for their support of this project. NR 35 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 113 IS 8 BP 1575 EP 1586 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.03.017 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 460CR UT WOS:000267163200001 ER PT J AU Fox, WE McCollum, DW Mitchell, JE Swanson, LE Kreuter, UP Tanaka, JA Evans, GR Heintz, HT AF Fox, William E. McCollum, Daniel W. Mitchell, John E. Swanson, Louis E. Kreuter, Urs P. Tanaka, John A. Evans, Gary R. Heintz, H. Theodore TI An Integrated Social, Economic, and Ecologic Conceptual (ISEEC) Framework for Considering Rangeland Sustainability SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE ecological; economic and social indicators; rangeland; sustainability ID KNAPWEED CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; EQUILIBRIUM; MANAGEMENT; NONEQUILIBRIUM; THRESHOLDS; INVASIONS; DIFFUSA; BIOLOGY; SYSTEMS; PLANT AB Currently, there is no standard method to assess the complex systems in rangeland ecosystems. Decision makers need baselines to create a common language of current rangeland conditions and standards for continued rangeland assessment. The Sustainable Rangeland Roundtable (SRR), a group of private and public organizations and agencies, has created a forum to discuss rangeland sustainability and assessment. The SRR has worked to integrate social, economic, and ecological disciplines related to rangelands and has identified a standard set of indicators that can be used to assess rangeland sustainability. As part of this process, SRR has developed a two-tiered conceptual framework from a systems perspective to study the validity of indicators and the relationships among them. The first tier categorizes rangeland characteristics into four states. The second tier defines processes affecting these states through time and space. The framework clearly shows that the processes affect and are affected by each other. C1 [Fox, William E.] Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [McCollum, Daniel W.; Mitchell, John E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Swanson, Louis E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Sociol, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kreuter, Urs P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX USA. [Tanaka, John A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Union, OR USA. [Evans, Gary R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Potomac Falls, VA USA. [Heintz, H. Theodore] US Dept Interior, Washington, DC USA. RP Fox, WE (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM w-fox@tamu.edu RI Kreuter, Urs/F-7669-2011 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 22 IS 7 BP 593 EP 606 DI 10.1080/08941920802247894 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 478JD UT WOS:000268582800001 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Bjorneberg, DL AF Leytem, April B. Bjorneberg, David L. TI Changes in Soil Test Phosphorus and Phosphorus in Runoff From Calcareous Soils Receiving Manure, Compost, and Fertilizer Application With and Without Alum SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; manure; calcareous soil; irrigation ID POULTRY LITTER; CHLORIDE AB Intensification of the dairy industry in southern Idaho has led to the overapplication of manures and a buildup of soil phosphorus (P), which is a potential threat to water quality in the region. As the use of alum has been shown to reduce both soluble manure P and runoff P from alum-treated manures, the objective of this study was to determine if surface applications of alum to dairy manure and compost before soil incorporation would reduce P losses under furrow irrigation on a calcareous soil. The effects of manure, compost, and fertilizer application with and without alum treatment on soil P, runoff P, and aluminum under furrow irrigation, crop yield, tissue P concentrations, and P removal during a 4-year period were investigated in Kimberly, Idaho, on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids). Fertilizer and manure addition had the greatest potential to increase soluble P in soils compared with compost, which translated to greater soluble P losses with irrigation in some instances. The addition of alum to manure did not have any effect on soil-extractable P or soluble P losses from furrow irrigation and therefore, when surface applied to manure before incorporation, is not a good best management practice for stabilizing P in manure-treated calcareous soils. C1 [Leytem, April B.; Bjorneberg, David L.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM April.Leytem@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 174 IS 8 BP 445 EP 455 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181b0eac5 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 485AB UT WOS:000269091400005 ER PT J AU Haywood, JD AF Haywood, James D. TI Influence of Pine Straw Harvesting, Prescribed Fire, and Fertilization on a Louisiana Longleaf Pine Site SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE direct seeding; diammonium phosphate; Pinus palustris Mill.; potash; triple superphosphate ID ESTABLISHMENT AB This research was initiated in a 34-year-old, direct-seeded stand of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to study how pine straw management practices (harvesting, fire, and fertilization) affected the longleaf pine overstory and pine straw yields. A randomized complete block split-plot design was installed with two main plot treatments: (1) no fertilization and (2) fertilization with 45 lb N and 50 lb P/ac in April 1991 and May 1997 and with 50 lb P and 72 lb K/ac in April 2004. There were four subplot treatments: (1) control-no activity except a standwide thinning in June 1999, (2) prescribed burn 6 times from March 1991 through May 2004, (3) prescribed burned as in subplot treatment 2 and pine straw harvested in early 1992 and 1993, and (4) annual harvest of pine straw 13 times from early 1992 through April 2006. Fertilization did not affect longleaf pine growth and yield over the 15-year study. Subplot management also did not influence longleaf pine growth possibly because the adverse effects that competition, repeated prescribed burning, and litter removal have on longleaf pine growth could not be separated among subplot treatments. Fertilization did not directly affect pine straw yields; however, it appeared that pine straw yields decreased over time. C1 Alexandria Forestry Ctr, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Haywood, JD (reprint author), Alexandria Forestry Ctr, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM dhaywood@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 33 IS 3 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478BU UT WOS:000268563600002 ER PT J AU Eaton, RJ Sanchez, FG AF Eaton, Robert J. Sanchez, Felipe G. TI Quantitative and Qualitative Measures of Decomposition: Is There a Link? SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE decay class; loblolly pine; coarse woody debris ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; WATER AVAILABILITY; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; FORESTS; CARBON AB Decomposition rates of loblolly pine coarse woody debris (CWD) were determined by mass loss and wood density changes for trees that differed in source of mortality (natural, girdle-poison, and felling). Specifically, three treatments were examined: (1) control (CON): natural mortality; (2) (D: 5-fold increase in CWD compared with the CON; and (3) (S: 12-fold increase in snags compared with the (ON. The additional CWD in the CD treatment plots and the additional snags in the CS plots were achieved by felling (for the CD plots) or girdling followed by herbicide injection (for the (S plots) select trees in these plots. Consequently, mortality on the CD plots is due to natural causes and felling. Likewise, mortality on the (S plots is due to natural causes and girdle-poison. In each treatment plot, mortality due to natural causes was inventoried since 1997, whereas mortality due to girdle-poison and felling were inventoried since 2001. No significant difference was detected between the rates of decomposition for the CWD on these treatment plots, indicating that source of the tree mortality did not influence rates of decomposition once the free fell. These experimental measures of decomposition were compared with two decay classification systems (three- and five-unit classifications) to determine linkages. Changes in wood density did not correlate to any decay classification, whereas mass loss had a weak correlation with decay (lass. However, the large degree of variation limits the utility of decay classification systems in estimating mass loss. C1 [Eaton, Robert J.; Sanchez, Felipe G.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27596 USA. RP Eaton, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27596 USA. EM fsanchez@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 33 IS 3 BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478BU UT WOS:000268563600005 ER PT J AU Charlson, DV Bhatnagar, S King, CA Ray, JD Sneller, CH Carter, TE Purcell, LC AF Charlson, Dirk V. Bhatnagar, Sandeep King, C. Andy Ray, Jeffery D. Sneller, Clay H. Carter, Thomas E., Jr. Purcell, Larry C. TI Polygenic inheritance of canopy wilting in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SEED PROTEIN; LINKAGE MAP; WATER DEFICITS; OIL CONTENT; QTL; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE; REGIONS AB As water demand for agriculture exceeds water availability, cropping systems need to become more efficient in water usage, such as deployment of cultivars that sustain yield under drought conditions. Soybean cultivars differ in how quickly they wilt during water-deficit stress, and this trait may lead to yield improvement during drought. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic mechanism of canopy wilting in soybean using a mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between KS4895 and Jackson. Canopy wilting was rated in three environments using a rating scale of 0 (no wilting) to 100 (severe wilting and plant death). Transgressive segregation was observed for the RIL population with the parents expressing intermediate wilting scores. Using multiple-loci analysis, four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on molecular linkage groups (MLGs) A2, B2, D2, and F were detected (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05), which collectively accounted for 47% of the phenotypic variation of genotypic means over all three environments. An analysis of the data by state revealed that 44% of the observed phenotypic variation in the Arkansas environments could be accounted for by these QTLs. Only the QTL on MLG F was detected at North Carolina where it accounted for 16% of the phenotypic variation. These results demonstrate that the genetic mechanism controlling canopy wilting was polygenic and environmentally sensitive and provide a foundation for future research to examine the importance of canopy wilting in drought tolerance of soybean. C1 [Charlson, Dirk V.; Bhatnagar, Sandeep; King, C. Andy; Sneller, Clay H.; Purcell, Larry C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Ray, Jeffery D.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Carter, Thomas E., Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Purcell, LC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lpurcell@uark.edu FU United Soybean Board [5213] FX The authors gratefully appreciate the financial support from the United Soybean Board (Project # 5213). Also, we would like to thank the University of Arkansas Rice Research and Experiment Station, Sandhills Research Station at North Carolina, and USDA-ARS Midsouth Area Genomics Facility at Stoneville, MS for provided resources. We also extend our thanks to Dr. Pengyin Chen of the University of Arkansas for his insightful comments and suggestions during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 119 IS 4 BP 587 EP 594 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1068-4 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 480PB UT WOS:000268747200002 PM 19471903 ER PT J AU Robbins, MD Staub, JE AF Robbins, Matthew Darwin Staub, Jack E. TI Comparative analysis of marker-assisted and phenotypic selection for yield components in cucumber SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EARLY GENERATION SELECTION; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; FRUIT YIELD; SATIVUS L.; RECURRENT SELECTION; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; COMBINING ABILITY; PLANT-DENSITY AB Theoretical studies suggest that marker-assisted selection (MAS) has case-specific advantages over phenotypic selection (PHE) for selection of quantitative traits. However, few studies have been conducted that empirically compare these selection methods in the context of a plant breeding program. For direct comparison of the effectiveness of MAS and PHE, four cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.; 2n = 2x = 14) inbred lines were intermated and then maternal bulks were used to create four base populations for recurrent mass selection. Each of these populations then underwent three cycles of PHE (open-field evaluations), MAS (genotyping at 18 marker loci), and random mating without selection. Both MAS and PHE were practiced for yield indirectly by selecting for four yield-component traits that are quantitatively inherited with 2-6 quantitative trait loci per trait. These traits were multiple lateral branching, gynoecious sex expression (gynoecy), earliness, and fruit length to diameter ratio. Both MAS and PHE were useful for multi-trait improvement, but their effectiveness depended upon the traits and populations under selection. Both MAS and PHE provided improvements in all traits under selection in at least one population, except for earliness, which did not respond to MAS. The populations with maternal parents that were inferior for a trait responded favorably to both MAS and PHE, while those with maternal parents of superior trait values either did not change or decreased during selection. Generally, PHE was most effective for gynoecy, earliness, and fruit length to diameter ratio, while MAS was most effective for multiple lateral branching and provided the only increase in yield (fruit per plant). C1 [Robbins, Matthew Darwin; Staub, Jack E.] Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Robbins, MD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, OARDC, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM robbins.184@osu.edu; Jack.Staub@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 119 IS 4 BP 621 EP 634 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1072-8 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 480PB UT WOS:000268747200006 PM 19484431 ER PT J AU Shi, BJ Gustafson, JP Button, J Miyazaki, J Pallotta, M Gustafson, N Zhou, H Langridge, P Collins, NC AF Shi, B-J. Gustafson, J. P. Button, J. Miyazaki, J. Pallotta, M. Gustafson, N. Zhou, H. Langridge, P. Collins, N. C. TI Physical analysis of the complex rye (Secale cereale L.) Alt4 aluminium (aluminum) tolerance locus using a whole-genome BAC library of rye cv. Blanco SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; GENE-EXPRESSION; WHEAT; BARLEY; CONSTRUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSLOCATION; TRANSPORTER AB Rye is a diploid crop species with many outstanding qualities, and is important as a source of new traits for wheat and triticale improvement. Rye is highly tolerant of aluminum (Al) toxicity, and possesses a complex structure at the Alt4 Al tolerance locus not found at the corresponding locus in wheat. Here we describe a BAC library of rye cv. Blanco, representing a valuable resource for rye molecular genetic studies, and assess the library's suitability for investigating Al tolerance genes. The library provides 6 x genome coverage of the 8.1 Gb rye genome, has an average insert size of 131 kb, and contains only similar to 2% of empty or organelle-derived clones. Genetic analysis attributed the Al tolerance of Blanco to the Alt4 locus on the short arm of chromosome 7R, and revealed the presence of multiple allelic variants (haplotypes) of the Alt4 locus in the BAC library. BAC clones containing ALMT1 gene clusters from several Alt4 haplotypes were identified, and will provide useful starting points for exploring the basis for the structural variability and functional specialization of ALMT1 genes at this locus. C1 [Gustafson, J. P.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Shi, B-J.; Button, J.; Miyazaki, J.; Pallotta, M.; Gustafson, N.; Zhou, H.; Langridge, P.; Collins, N. C.] Univ Adelaide, ACPFG, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, 206 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Perry.Gustafson@ars.usda.gov RI Miyazaki, Junji/F-1004-2010; Langridge, Peter/G-5864-2010 OI Miyazaki, Junji/0000-0002-8194-1640; Langridge, Peter/0000-0001-9494-400X FU Australian Research Council; Grains Research and Development Corporation; South Australian Government FX Construction of the BAC library was commissioned by the USDA-Agriculture Research Service. This work was also funded by the Australian Research Council, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and the South Australian Government. We gratefully acknowledge James Chand for technical assistance. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 119 IS 4 BP 695 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1080-8 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 480PB UT WOS:000268747200012 PM 19529908 ER PT J AU Cuevas, HE Staub, JE Simon, PW Zalapa, JE AF Cuevas, H. E. Staub, J. E. Simon, P. W. Zalapa, J. E. TI A consensus linkage map identifies genomic regions controlling fruit maturity and beta-carotene-associated flesh color in melon (Cucumis melo L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; SEQUENCE DATABASE; QUALITY TRAITS; SSR MARKERS; SATIVUS L.; QTL; GENES; ACCUMULATION AB The nutritional value and yield potential of US Western Shipping melon (USWS; Cucumis melo L.) could be improved through the introgression of genes for early fruit maturity (FM) and the enhancement of the quantity of beta-carotene (Q beta C) in fruit mesocarp (i.e., flesh color). Therefore, a set of 116 F(3) families derived from the monoecious, early FM Chinese line 'Q 3-2-2' (no beta-carotene, white mesocarp) and the andromonoecious, late FM USWS line 'Top Mark' (possessing beta-carotene, orange mesocarp) were examined during 2 years in Wisconsin, USA to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with FM and Q beta C. A 171-point F(2-3) based map was constructed and used for QTL analysis. Three QTL associated with Q beta C were detected, which explained a significant portion of the observed phenotypic variation (flesh color; R (2) = 4.0-50.0%). The map position of one QTL (beta-carM.E.9.1) was uniformly aligned with one carotenoid-related gene (Orange gene), suggesting its likely role in Q beta C in this melon population and putative relationship with the melon white flesh (wf) gene. Two major (FM.6.1 and FM.11.1; R (2) a parts per thousand yen 20%) and one minor QTL (FM.2.1; R (2) = 8%) were found to be associated with FM. This map was then merged with a previous recombinant inbred line (RIL)-based map used to identify seven QTL associated with Q beta C in melon fruit. This consensus map [300 molecular markers (187 co-dominant melon and 14 interspecific; 10 LG)] provides a framework for the further dissection and cloning of published QTL, which will consequently lead to more effective trait introgression in melon. C1 [Cuevas, H. E.; Zalapa, J. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Breeding & Plant Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Staub, J. E.; Simon, P. W.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI USA. [Staub, J. E.; Simon, P. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cuevas, HE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Breeding & Plant Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hcuevas@uga.edu NR 70 TC 28 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 119 IS 4 BP 741 EP 756 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1085-3 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 480PB UT WOS:000268747200016 PM 19551368 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK AF Abbas, Hamed K. TI Introduction to the special issue, emerging issues in mycotoxin research-Part II SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, CG & PRU Stoneville, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, CG & PRU Stoneville, Stoneville, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 61 EP 62 DI 10.1080/15569540903089247 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 490PR UT WOS:000269513700001 ER PT J AU Windham, GL Williams, WP Hawkins, LK Brooks, TD AF Windham, Gary L. Williams, W. Paul Hawkins, Leigh K. Brooks, Thomas D. TI Effect of Aspergillus flavus inoculation methods and environmental conditions on aflatoxin accumulation in corn hybrids SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxin; spray inoculation; side-needle inoculation; soil; heat stress; moisture stress ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; PREHARVEST INFECTION; MAIZE; FIELD; CONTAMINATION; MISSISSIPPI; KERNELS AB Corn genotypes evaluated for aflatoxin resistance in field studies must be artificially inoculated with Aspergillus flavus due to the sporadic nature of aflatoxin contamination from year to year. We compared a spray inoculation technique with the side-needle technique and natural infection for inducing aflatoxin contamination in commercial corn hybrids in two soil types from 2000 to 2006. Hybrids inoculated using the side-needle technique consistently had high levels of aflatoxin contamination. Hybrids inoculated with the spray technique and grown in a loam soil were more prone to drought stress and had higher levels of aflatoxin contamination than those grown in a silty clay loam soil with a high water-holding capacity. The association of maximum daily temperatures and cumulative rainfall during nine periods before or after A. flavus inoculation with aflatoxin contamination was determined. In the silty clay loam, maximum daily temperatures during the 14-day period following inoculation were positively correlated with aflatoxin contamination. Cumulative rainfall during periods of 14 to 28 days and 21 to 42 days following inoculation was negatively correlated with aflatoxin contamination. In the loam, maximum daily temperatures before and after inoculation were positively correlated with aflatoxin contamination. Also, cumulative rainfall during a period 21 to 42 days before inoculation was negatively correlated with aflatoxin contamination. Our results also demonstrated that temperature and moisture stress prior to inoculations may have a significant effect on aflatoxin contamination. C1 [Windham, Gary L.] USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Windham, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM gary.windham@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1080/15569540802450037 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 490PR UT WOS:000269513700003 ER PT J AU Rajasekaran, K De Lucca, AJ Cary, JW AF Rajasekaran, K. De Lucca, A. J. Cary, J. W. TI Aflatoxin control through transgenic approaches SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Aflatoxin; Aspergillus; biotechnology; genetic engineering; mycotoxin; transgenic crops ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS INFECTION; ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE; PLANT ANTIFUNGAL PROTEINS; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS LATEX; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; FUNGAL GROWTH; IN-VITRO; CHLOROPEROXIDASE GENE AB Control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination of susceptible crops such as corn, cotton, peanut, and tree nuts is possible through time-consuming and expensive agronomic practices. Breeding for disease-resistant crops is also very time consuming and does not lend itself readily to combat the evolution of new virulent fungal races. Moreover, availability of known genotypes with natural resistance to mycotoxin-producing fungi is a prerequisite for the successful breeding program. While it is possible to identify a few genotypes of corn or peanuts that are naturally resistant to Aspergillus, we do not know whether these antifungal factors are specific to Aspergillus flavus. In crops like cotton, there are no known varieties naturally resistant to Aspergillus spp. So far, the best options available to us are through biocontrol and/or genetic engineering. Availability of transgenic varieties with antifungal traits is extremely valuable as a breeding tool. Use of fungicides or chemicals can add to the cost of production. Moreover, the growing concerns regarding environmental safety and groundwater quality demand less dependence on agrochemicals. Disease-resistant transgenic crops would not only control mycotoxin-producing organisms such as A. flavus, A. parasiticus and Fusarium spp. but also other microbial (fungal, bacterial, and viral) diseases that cause significant economic losses in crop production. Above all, transgenic crops resistant to aflatoxin-producing fungi offer the promise of negating the adverse effects caused by the toxin on immunocompromised humans and animals. This review explores recent advances regarding genetic engineering approaches towards the control of aflatoxin contamination using native and heterologous genes. C1 [Rajasekaran, K.; De Lucca, A. J.; Cary, J. W.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rajasekaran, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Rajah.Rajasekaran@ars.usda.gov NR 138 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1080/15569540802469581 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 490PR UT WOS:000269513700005 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Bacon, CW AF Belesky, David P. Bacon, Charles W. TI Tall fescue and associated mutualistic toxic fungal endophytes in agroecosystems SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NEOTYPHODIUM-COENOPHIALUM-ENDOPHYTE; ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; SOIL-WATER AVAILABILITY; AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; CLAVICEPS-PURPUREA; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA AB For the past 35 years, a significant effort was devoted to identifying the cause of tall fescue toxicosis, a symptomless infection of tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix [Scop.] Holub, formerly Lolium arundinaceum [Schreb.] S. J. Darbyshire, and formerly Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) by a fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum Glenn, Hanlin, and Bacon. This endophyte grows intercellularly in stems and leaf sheaths of the host plant. Among the cool-season perennial forages, only tall fescue tolerated the punishing weather, inhospitable soil, and performance demands of beef operations on a consistent basis in the southeastern portion of the United States. Consequently, tall fescue became the forage grass of choice, which led eventually to its production on about 14 million hectares nationwide. Weather and soil conditions place numerous environmental- and management-induced stresses on the plant-fungus association that influence plant persistence and nutritive value, including alkaloid production. Livestock performance on endophyte-free tall fescue was shown to be superior to that obtained on endophyte-infected tall fescue, establishing the role of fungus in the syndrome. The suite of symptoms presenting in grazing cattle resembled ergotism but much of the early research did not target mycotoxins related to this malady. After discovery of the endophyte inhabiting tall fescue, research documented production of several types of ergot and other classes of alkaloids. This led, eventually, to numerous experiments designed to develop management strategies that reduced the toxic effects of host-endophyte associations on livestock health. Accumulation patterns of biologically active alkaloids and their responses to management were defined, suggesting possible ecological value of host-endophyte associations, and ultimately led to genetic approaches that minimized production of mycotoxins, while maintaining persistence and other agronomic traits of this valuable forage grass. C1 [Belesky, David P.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. [Bacon, Charles W.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 168 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 102 EP 117 DI 10.1080/15569540903082143 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 490PR UT WOS:000269513700006 ER PT J AU Luo, M Brown, RL Chen, ZY Cleveland, TE AF Luo, Meng Brown, Robert L. Chen, Zhi-Yuan Cleveland, Thomas E. TI Host genes involved in the interaction between Aspergillus flavus and maize SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxin; maize kernel; host resistance; gene interaction ID RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEIN; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; CORN KERNELS; EAR ROT; GERMPLASM LINE; WATER-DEFICIT; SECONDARY METABOLITES; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION; LIPOXYGENASE PATHWAY AB Aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus flavus is a major concern in maize production. Understanding the complex interrelationships of genes during the A. flavus-maize interaction may be the key to developing strategies to interrupt the aflatoxin contamination process. The A. flavus Genome Sequencing and Expressed Sequence Tags projects are providing opportunities to identify a number of candidate genes involved in plant invasion as well as aflatoxin biosynthesis. Many A. flavus hydrolase genes have been presumed to function in polymer degradation and nutrient capture. With the application of proteomics and genomics technology, many resistance-associated proteins and genes have also been identified by comparing resistant with susceptible maize lines. This research facilitates an understanding of defense mechanisms in maize kernels at physical and biochemical levels. Although environmental stress, such as drought and high temperature, has been observed to greatly enhance aflatoxin contamination of maize kernels, and the related genomics research has been initiated, more work needs to be done to determine the environmental impacts on gene expression in maize kernels. C1 [Brown, Robert L.; Cleveland, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Luo, Meng; Chen, Zhi-Yuan] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Bldg 001,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM Robert.Brown@ars.usda.gov NR 112 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 118 EP 128 DI 10.1080/15569540903089197 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 490PR UT WOS:000269513700007 ER PT J AU Kelley, RY Williams, WP Mylroie, JE Boykin, DL Hawkins, LK Windham, GL Brooks, TD Bridges, SM Scheffler, BE Wilkinson, JR AF Kelley, Rowena Y. Williams, W. Paul Mylroie, J. Erik Boykin, Deborah L. Hawkins, Leigh K. Windham, Gary L. Brooks, Thomas D. Bridges, Susan M. Scheffler, Brian E. Wilkinson, Jeff R. TI Genomic profile of maize response to Aspergillus flavus infection SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; cDNA microarray; disease resistance; unigene; Zea mays ID AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; MESSENGER-RNA; P53 GENE; EAR ROT; RESISTANCE; CORN; IDENTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; INBREDS; DEFENSE AB The opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus flavus infects important seed crops, including corn, peanuts, and cotton. A. flavus is capable of producing mycotoxins called aflatoxins. Aflatoxin 13, the major mycotoxin contaminant of maize, is a potent carcinogen and has been directly linked to hepatocellular carcinoma. Natural sources of maize fungal resistance exist, but efforts to increase resistance through traditional plant breeding have yielded little success. Using the maize Unigene 1-1.05 arrays, a comparison of resistant (Mp313E) and susceptible (Va35) inbred maize lines 48 hours post-A. flavus infection identified 236 genes as significant. During infection, 135 genes were up-regulated in the susceptible maize line Va35, 112 genes were up-regulated in the resistant maize line Mp313E, 12 genes were up-regulated in both lines, and 1 gene was down-regulated in both lines compared to uninfected lines. Comparisons of the biological profile responses of these maize lines revealed a striking difference in reaction to infection. These identified genes will serve as the initial step for developing molecular markers to understand this complex interaction and help with introgression of A. flavus resistance into maize hybrids. C1 [Kelley, Rowena Y.; Mylroie, J. Erik; Wilkinson, Jeff R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Williams, W. Paul; Hawkins, Leigh K.; Windham, Gary L.; Brooks, Thomas D.] USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Boykin, Deborah L.] USDA ARS, MSA, Stat Off, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bridges, Susan M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, MSA, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wilkinson, JR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Box 9650, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jwilkinson@bch.msstate.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit [SCA 58-6406-6-039] FX We are grateful to Mary Duke of ARS Mid South Area Genomic Center and Renuka Shivaji of Mississippi State University for their technical assistance. This paper was approved for publication as journal Article No. J-11160 for the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. This research is funded through specific cooperative agreement with the USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit (SCA 58-6406-6-039) with JRW. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1080/15569540903089239 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 490PR UT WOS:000269513700008 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Wilkinson, JR Zablotowicz, RM Accinelli, C Abel, CA Bruns, HA Weaver, MA AF Abbas, H. K. Wilkinson, J. R. Zablotowicz, R. M. Accinelli, C. Abel, C. A. Bruns, H. A. Weaver, M. A. TI Ecology of Aspergillus flavus, regulation of aflatoxin production, and management strategies to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Fungal ecology; aflatoxin; insect; corn; mycotoxin; biological control; environmental manipulation; molecular biology; fungal biology ID GREENISH-YELLOW FLUORESCENCE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CORN; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INSECT-DAMAGED CORN; UNITED-STATES; MISSISSIPPI-DELTA; SOIL POPULATIONS; SECTION FLAVI; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; NORSOLORINIC ACID AB The contamination of corn (maize) by fungi and the accumulation of mycotoxins are a serious agricultural problem for human and animal health. One particular devastating group of mycotoxins, called aflatoxins, has been intensely studied since the 1960s. Studies of Aspergillus flavus, the agriculturally relevant producer of aflatoxins, have led to a well-characterized biosynthetic pathway for aflatoxin production, as well as a basic understanding of the organism's life cycle. Unfortunately, these efforts have not resulted in corn production practices that substantially reduce aflatoxin contamination. Similarly, the use of agrochemicals (e.g., fungicides) results in very limited reduction of the fungus or the toxin. Thus, cultural management (fertility and irrigation) coupled with aggressive insect management is current recommendation for integrated aflatoxin management. The development of resistant hybrids appears to be a very promising technology, but commercial hybrids are still not available. Thus, biocontrol appears to be the most promising available avenue of reducing aflatoxin accumulation. Biocontrol utilizes nontoxigenic strains of Aspergillus to reduce the incidence of toxin-producing isolates through competitive displacement. To maximize the effectiveness of biocontrol, a thorough knowledge of the environmental factors influencing colonization and growth of Aspergillus is needed. A. flavus not only colonizes living plant tissue, but it also grows saprophytically on plant tissue in the soil. These residues serve as a reservoir for the fungus, allowing it to overwinter, and under favorable conditions it will resume growth and release new conidia. The conidia can be transmitted by air or insects to serve as new inoculum on host plants or debris in the field. This complex ecology of Aspergilli has been studied, but our understanding lags behind what is known about biosynthesis of the toxin itself. Our limited understanding of Aspergilli soil ecology is in part due to limitations in evaluating Aspergilli, aflatoxin, and the biosynthetic genes in the varying aspects of the environment. Current methods for assessing Aspergillus and aflatoxin accumulation rely heavily on cultural and analytical methods that are low throughput and technically challenging. Thus to understand Aspergillus ecology and environmental effects in contamination to maximize biocontrol efforts, it is necessary to understand current treatment effects and to develop methodologies capable of assessing the fungal populations present. In this manuscript we discuss the current knowledge of A. flavus ecology, the application of selected molecular techniques to field assessments, and crop practices used to reduce aflatoxin contamination, focusing on chemical treatments (fungicides and herbicides), insect management, and crop management. C1 [Abbas, H. K.; Bruns, H. A.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wilkinson, J. R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Zablotowicz, R. M.; Weaver, M. A.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Accinelli, C.] Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, Bologna, Italy. [Abel, C. A.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Hamed.Abbas@ars.usda.gov RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008; OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Accinelli, Cesare/0000-0001-8200-0108; Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 121 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 44 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 142 EP 153 DI 10.1080/15569540903081590 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 490PR UT WOS:000269513700009 ER PT J AU Reddy, KRN Abbas, HK Abel, CA Shier, WT Oliveira, CAF Raghavender, CR AF Reddy, K. R. N. Abbas, H. K. Abel, C. A. Shier, W. T. Oliveira, C. A. F. Raghavender, C. R. TI Mycotoxin contamination of commercially important agricultural commodities SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Fungi; mycotoxins; agricultural commodities ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PEARL-MILLET GRAIN; SHEATH ROT DISEASE; ZEA-MAYS HYBRIDS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; FOOD-PRODUCTS; MISSISSIPPI DELTA AB Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by species of filamentous fungi growing on seeds before harvest or in storage. Mycotoxin contamination of agricultural commodities is a serious concern for human and animal health. The mycotoxins subject to government regulation are aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, cyclopiazonic acid, deoxynivalenol/nivalenol, patulin, and zearalenone, which are produced by species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, with aflatoxins and fumonisins arguably posing the greatest threat to human health worldwide. The frequency, magnitude, and causes of mycotoxin contamination of important agricultural commodities are reviewed here, as a first step in prioritizing mycotoxin problems for future research. C1 [Abbas, H. K.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Reddy, K. R. N.] Univ Turin, Ctr Competence Innovat, Agroenvironm Sector, Grugliasco, Italy. [Abel, C. A.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shier, W. T.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Oliveira, C. A. F.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Zootecnia & Engn Alimentos, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Raghavender, C. R.] Osmania Univ, Dept Bot, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Hamed.Abbas@ars.usda.gov RI Chinnam, Raghavender/D-5036-2011; Oliveira, Carlos/H-3957-2012 OI Oliveira, Carlos/0000-0001-5779-5287 NR 169 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1556-9543 EI 1556-9551 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 154 EP 168 DI 10.1080/15569540903092050 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 490PR UT WOS:000269513700010 ER PT J AU Scully, BT Krakowsky, MD Ni, X Wilson, JP Lee, RD Guo, BZ AF Scully, B. T. Krakowsky, M. D. Ni, X. Wilson, J. P. Lee, R. D. Guo, B. Z. TI Preharvest aflatoxin contamination of corn and other grain crops grown on the US Southeastern Coastal Plain SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; corn; sorghum; millet; inoculation methodology ID GT-MAS-GK; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ASPERGILLUS EAR ROT; PEARL-MILLET GRAIN; MAIZE POPULATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES; GENOTYPES RESISTANT; KERNEL INFECTION; INBRED LINES AB Preharvest aflatoxin contamination of grain grown on the U.S. Southeastern Coastal Plain is provoked and aggravated by both biotic and abiotic stress factors that influence infection by the Asperigillus group. Asperigillus flavus, Link ex Fr., is one of the principal toxigenic fungi of summer grains grown in the region, and the hot, humid weather patterns along with suboptimal summer rainfall favor the development of this organism. An array of arthropod species also contributes to the dispersal of this fungus as they attack and feed on the developing grain. Research on summer grains grown on the Coastal Plain has the expressed goal of reducing, and perhaps eliminating aflatoxin contamination in adapted germplasm using classical crop improvement methods to deploy host plant resistance. This research is complimented and enhanced by molecular techniques that have proven invaluable in the identification and development of superior germplasm. It also emphasizes the need to fully understand the biological interactions between fungus, arthropods, crops, and the environmental conditions that govern the aflatoxin contamination. Alternative cropping systems that avoid contamination are also integrated into this summary of this research progress. C1 [Scully, B. T.; Guo, B. Z.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Krakowsky, M. D.; Ni, X.; Wilson, J. P.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Lee, R. D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA USA. [Krakowsky, M. D.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Scully, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748,2747 Davis Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM brian.scully@ars.usda.gov; baozhu.guo@ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1080/15569540903092027 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 490PR UT WOS:000269513700011 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Brown, RL Cary, JW Damann, KE Cleveland, TE AF Chen, Zhi-Yuan Brown, Robert L. Cary, Jeffrey W. Damann, Kenneth E. Cleveland, Thomas E. TI Characterization of an Aspergillus flavus alkaline protease and its role in the infection of maize kernels SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; alkaline protease; substrate-dependent production; corn; infection; aflatoxin contamination ID INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; CORN TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; COTTON BOLLS; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ORYZAE; PROTEINASE; RESISTANCE; ENZYMES; CLONING AB A 33 kDa protein present in Aspergillus flavus-infected maize embryo was identified as a fungal alkaline protease (ALP). This protein became one of the major extracellular proteins of A. flavus in potato dextrose broth medium culture filtrate after 3 days, but was expressed at low levels or undetectable in A+M medium containing gelatin or starch, respectively. The activity of purified ALP was significantly inhibited in the presence of 0.5 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), or 1.43 mu M (200 mu g/ml) maize 14 kDa trypsin inhibitor. Further study demonstrated that reduction of this ALP by PMSF also significantly reduced the level of aflatoxin accumulation in A. flavus culture, suggesting an important role for ALP in the infection of maize kernels and subsequent aflatoxin accumulation. C1 [Chen, Zhi-Yuan; Damann, Kenneth E.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brown, Robert L.; Cary, Jeffrey W.; Cleveland, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Chen, ZY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM zchen@agcenter.lsu.edu FU USDA FX We thank Drs. D. Bhatnagar, P.-K. Chang, J. V Moroney, and K. Tubajika for critical reviewing of the manuscript. This study was supported by USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-6435-6-055. Published with the approval of the Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as manuscript number 2009-240-2433. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1556-9543 EI 1556-9551 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.1080/15569540903089221 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 490PR UT WOS:000269513700013 ER PT J AU Alexander, NJ Proctor, RH McCormick, SP AF Alexander, Nancy J. Proctor, Robert H. McCormick, Susan P. TI Genes, gene clusters, and biosynthesis of trichothecenes and fumonisins in Fusarium SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Wheat head blight; scab; corn ear rot; deoxynivalenol; T-2 toxin; fumonisin; fusarium graminearum; fusarium sporotrichioides; F. verticillioides ID FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; NIVALENOL-PRODUCING CHEMOTYPES; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENE; GIBBERELLA-MONILIFORMIS; HEAD BLIGHT; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE; OXYGENATION STEPS; CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASE; MYCOTOXIN FUMONISINS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB Trichothecenes and fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, a filamentous fungus that can cause disease in barley, maize, rice, wheat, and some other crop plants. Research on the genetics and biochemistry of trichothecene and fumonisin biosynthesis has provided important insights into the genetic and biochemical pathways in Fusarium that lead to formation of these mycotoxins. In Fusarium, trichothecene biosynthetic enzymes are encoded by genes at three loci: the single-gene TRI101 locus, the two-gene TRI1-TRI16 locus, and the 12-gene core TRl cluster. In contrast, fumonisin biosynthetic enzymes identified to date are all located at one locus, the 17-gene FUM cluster. The FUM and core TRl clusters also encode proteins that regulate expression of the cluster genes and proteins that are involved in mycotoxin transport across the cell membrane. Biosynthetic pathways for both mycotoxins have been proposed based on a combination of biochemical and genetic evidence, including toxin production phenotypes of Fusarium mutants in which individual TRl or FUM genes have been inactivated. Some TRI and FUM gene mutants have also been employed to examine the role of mycotoxin production in plant pathogenesis. The studies indicate that trichothecene production can contribute to the ability of F graminearum to cause wheat head blight, one of the most important wheat diseases in the world. Thus, studies into the genetic basis of mycotoxin production have identified a potential target to enhance resistance of wheat to a major plant disease and mycotoxin contamination problem. C1 [Alexander, Nancy J.; Proctor, Robert H.; McCormick, Susan P.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Proctor, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Robert.Proctor@ars.usda.gov NR 123 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 8 U2 75 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 198 EP 215 DI 10.1080/15569540903092142 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 490PR UT WOS:000269513700014 ER PT J AU Scherer, CFC Endsley, JJ de Aguiar, JB Jacobs, WR Larsen, MH Palmer, MV Nonnecke, BJ Waters, WR Estes, DM AF Scherer, Charles F. Capinos Endsley, Janice J. de Aguiar, Juliana B. Jacobs, William R., Jr. Larsen, Michelle H. Palmer, Mitchell V. Nonnecke, Brian J. Waters, W. Ray Estes, D. Mark TI Evaluation of Granulysin and Perforin as Candidate Biomarkers for Protection Following Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG or M-bovis Delta RD1 SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Article DE biomarker; granulysin; IFN gamma; perforin; tuberculosis ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; NK-LYSIN; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CALMETTE-GUERIN; GRANZYME-B; IN-VIVO AB P>The development of improved vaccines against tuberculosis (TB) is directly linked to the investigation of new and better correlates of protection after vaccination against TB. Cloning and characterization of bovine homologues of the antimicrobial protein granulysin (Bo-lysin) and perforin by our group could be used as potential biomarkers for TB vaccination efficacy. In the present study, we examined the kinetics of granulysin, perforin, IFN gamma and Fas-L responses to Mycobacterium bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) stimulation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from M. bovis Delta RD1-, BCG- and non-vaccinated cattle. Gene expression profiles following PPD stimulation showed significant increases in transcripts for granulysin and IFN gamma in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in BCG-vaccinated as compared with non-vaccinated animals. Perforin and IFN gamma examined by flow cytometry, showed a difference of 1-2% more PPD-specific cells in BCG-vaccinated than non-vaccinated animals. In the vaccine trial, granulysin and perforin were significantly increased in both vaccine groups as compared with control after vaccination and challenge. IFN gamma expression was increased only after vaccination and secretion was higher in the control, non-protected group as compared with both vaccine groups demonstrating no correlation with protection upon vaccination. In summary, results shown here provide evidence that granulysin and perforin are prospective candidates as biomarkers of protection after vaccination against TB. C1 [Scherer, Charles F. Capinos; Endsley, Janice J.; Estes, D. Mark] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Endsley, Janice J.; Estes, D. Mark] Univ Texas Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [de Aguiar, Juliana B.; Estes, D. Mark] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Jacobs, William R., Jr.; Larsen, Michelle H.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Jacobs, William R., Jr.; Larsen, Michelle H.] Howard Hughes Inst, Bronx, NY USA. [Palmer, Mitchell V.; Nonnecke, Brian J.; Waters, W. Ray] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Estes, DM (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Childrens Hosp 2 330F, Dept Pediat, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM dmestes@utmb.edu FU [USDA-NRICGP-2005-35204-16039] FX We thank Dr. Tyler Tacker from NADC, Ames, IA for the help on the statistical analysis and Sandra Mayer and Charles B. La Grange for helping during blood collection and processing. This work was supported by a Grant from USDA-NRICGP-2005-35204-16039. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1865-1674 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 6-7 BP 228 EP 239 DI 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2008.01058.x PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 467AN UT WOS:000267708200004 ER PT J AU Nedlo, JE Martin, TA Vose, JM Teskey, RO AF Nedlo, Jason E. Martin, Timothy A. Vose, James M. Teskey, Robert O. TI Growing season temperatures limit growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings across a wide geographic transect SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Loblolly pine; Thermal acclimation; Net photosynthesis; Dark respiration ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; LEAF RESPIRATION; SCOTS PINE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; PLANT-GROWTH; DOUGLAS-FIR; CO2; TREE AB We grew potted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings from a single provenance under well watered and fertilized conditions at four locations along a 610 km north-south transect that spanned most of the species range to examine how differences in the above-ground environment would affect growth rate, biomass partitioning and gas exchange characteristics. Across the transect there was an 8.7A degrees C difference in average growing season temperature, and temperature proved to be the key environmental factor controlling growth rate. Biomass growth was strongly correlated with differences in mean growing season temperature (R (2) = 0.97) and temperature sum (R (2) = 0.92), but not with differences in mean daily photosynthetic photon flux density or mean daily vapor pressure deficit. Biomass partitioning between root and shoot was unchanged across sites. There was substantial thermal acclimation of leaf respiration, but not photosynthesis. In mid-summer, leaf respiration rates measured at 25A degrees C ranged from 0.2 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) in seedlings from the warmest location to 1.1 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) in seedlings from the coolest site. The greatest biomass growth occurred near the middle of the range, indicating that temperatures were sub- and supra-optimal at the northern and southern ends on the range, respectively. However, in the middle of the range, there was an 18% decrease in biomass increment between two sites, corresponding to 1.4A degrees C increase in mean growing season temperature. This suggests that thermal acclimation was insufficient to compensate for this relatively small increase in temperature. C1 [Nedlo, Jason E.; Teskey, Robert O.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Martin, Timothy A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Teskey, RO (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rteskey@uga.edu OI Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 751 EP 759 DI 10.1007/s00468-009-0317-0 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 462ZH UT WOS:000267397100006 ER PT J AU Farris, S Schaich, KM Liu, LS Piergiovanni, L Yam, KL AF Farris, Stefano Schaich, Karen M. Liu, LinShu Piergiovanni, Luciano Yam, Kit L. TI Development of polyion-complex hydrogels as an alternative approach for the production of bio-based polymers for food packaging applications: a review SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PECTIN/POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) BLENDS; GELATIN COMPOSITE FILMS; WATER-VAPOR BARRIER; DRUG-DELIVERY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NETWORK HYDROGELS; CROSS-LINKING; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; PROTEIN ISOLATE; BIODEGRADABLE FILMS AB Development of packaging materials from renewable resources has for a long time been desirable for sustainability reasons, but with recent explosion in prices of petroleum products, this now becomes also more economically viable. This paper shows how fundamental chemistry underlying three forms of hydrogels-physical hydrogels, chemical hydrogels, and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN)-can be integrated to produce a new family of food packaging materials from biopolymers, illustrated here using gelatin and low-methoxyl pectin as examples. Application of this technique to create hydrogels from bio-based materials offers the potential for developing novel, biodegradable packaging applications, particularly for foods, that meet the ever-increasing demands for natural and environmentally compatible materials. C1 [Farris, Stefano; Schaich, Karen M.; Yam, Kit L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Farris, Stefano; Piergiovanni, Luciano] Univ Milan, Dept Food Sci & Microbiol, diSTAM, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Liu, LinShu] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yam, KL (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM yam@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Farris, Stefano/J-3257-2016; OI Farris, Stefano/0000-0002-6423-8443 NR 118 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 10 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 20 IS 8 BP 316 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.tifs.2009.04.003 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 487PO UT WOS:000269287300001 ER PT J AU Wuest, SB AF Wuest, Stewart B. TI Comparison of Preferential Flow Paths to Bulk Soil in a Weakly Aggregated Silt Loam Soil SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PONDED INFILTRATION; TILLAGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHWAYS; WATER; DYE AB Preferential flow paths are common in both tilled and untilled soil, but how or why soil in preferential paths differs from neighboring bulk soil is not well understood in either. We used a 10-min pulse of dye to mark preferential flow paths at the end of 2 h of ponded infiltration. Small cores were taken from dyed and undyed soil at the 10- to 25-cm depth. Compared with the bulk soil, preferential flow zones had more large and fewer small aggregates, greater water content, and lower bulk density (1.20 vs. 1.23 Mg m(-3)). Root mass and total soil C were not significantly different. In comparison to untilled soil, tilled soil had more unaggregated soil, greater water content, and lower bulk density (1.16 vs. 1.24 Mg m-3). Statistical analysis suggested no interactions between the preferential flow zone-bulk soil factor and the tilled-untilled factor. Infiltration rates in unfilled soil were greater despite greater bulk density in both preferential flow zones and the non-preferential-flow matrix soil. These results suggest that greater saturated water conductivity in untilled soil is not due to better developed individual preferential flow pathways, but rather to a greater number of potential pathways being well connected to the surface water source. This could have more to do with better aggregation of surface soil than with specific properties of the preferential flow paths. C1 ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Wuest, SB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM stewart.wuest@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 8 IS 3 BP 623 EP 627 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0126 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 482GE UT WOS:000268871900009 ER PT J AU Pound, JM Miller, JA George, JE Fish, D AF Pound, Joe Mathews Miller, John Allen George, John E. Fish, Durland TI The United States Department of Agriculture Northeast Area-Wide Tick Control Project: History and Protocol SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE 4-Poster; Amblyomma americanum; blacklegged tick; Ixodes scapularis; lone star tick; Lyme disease; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; LONE STAR TICKS; TOPICAL TREATMENT DEVICE; LYME-DISEASE; IXODIDAE; ACARI; POPULATIONS; IVERMECTIN AB The Northeast Area-wide Tick Control Project (NEATCP) was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a large-scale cooperative demonstration project of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS)-patented 4-Poster tick control technology (Pound et al. 1994) involving the USDA-ARS and a consortium of universities, state agencies, and a consulting firm at research locations in the five states of Connecticut (CT), Maryland (MD), New Jersey (NJ), New York (NY), and Rhode Island (RI). The stated objective of the project was "A community-based field trial of ARS-patented tick control technology designed to reduce the risk of Lyme disease in northeastern states." Here we relate the rationale and history of the technology, a chronological listing of events leading to implementation of the project, the original protocol for selecting treatment, and control sites, and protocols for deployment of treatments, sampling, assays, data analyses, and estimates of efficacy. C1 [Pound, Joe Mathews; Miller, John Allen; George, John E.] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Fish, Durland] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Pound, JM (reprint author), ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM mat.pound@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 365 EP U17 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0182 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 479AD UT WOS:000268629600003 PM 19650730 ER PT J AU Stafford, KC Denicola, AJ Pound, JM Miller, JA George, JE AF Stafford, Kirby C., III Denicola, Anthony J. Pound, J. Mathews Miller, J. Allen George, John E. TI Topical Treatment of White-Tailed Deer with an Acaricide for the Control of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in a Connecticut Lyme Borreliosis Hyperendemic Community SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE 4-Poster; Acaricide; Host-targeted; Ixodes scapularis; Lyme disease; Odocoileus virginianus; Tick-borne disease; Tick control; White-tailed deer ID BLACKLEGGED TICK ACARI; DAMMINI ACARI; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; DISEASE; BURGDORFERI; ABUNDANCE; TRANSMISSION; SIMULATION; MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL AB The 4-Poster device for the topical treatment of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), against ticks using the acaricide amitraz, was evaluated in a Lyme borreliosis endemic community in Connecticut. As part of a 5-year project from 1997 to 2002, 21-24 of the 4-Posters were distributed at residential sites in Old Lyme, CT, in a core treatment area of approximate to 5.2 km(2) in fall 1997. The 4-Posters were active October to mid-December and March into May, corresponding to the peak periods of activity for adult Ixodes scapularis in this particular area. Corn consumption ranged from 361 to 4789 kg/month for October and November and 696-3130 kg/month during April. Usage of 4-Posters by deer generally was high (> 90%), except during acorn masts in fall 1998 and 2001. Amitraz was applied by rollers at the estimated rate of 1.3 g active ingredient/ha/year. The abundance of host-seeking I. scapularis nymphs declined significantly (p < 0.001) in the core treatment area, as compared to a control community in Old Saybrook, CT, through 2004, over the project period from 1998 to 2003, from 9.3/100m(2) to 0.97/100m(2), rising to 1.90/100m(2) in 2004. From 1999 through 2003, there were 46.1%, 49.6%, 63.4%, 64.6%, and 70.2% reductions, respectively, in the nymphal tick population in comparison with the untreated community and initial tick abundance in 1998. Control of I. scapularis adults declined to only 19.1% in 2004; 2 years after the treatment of deer was discontinued. Differences in nymphal tick abundance between the control and core treatment area were significant in 1999 (p = 0.042) and highly significant in 2001 (p < 0.001) and 2002 (p = 0.002). The passive topical application to deer of the acaricide amitraz resulted in a significant decrease in the population of free-living I. scapularis nymphs in the treated core in Connecticut. C1 [Stafford, Kirby C., III] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Denicola, Anthony J.] White Buffalo Inc, Moodus, CT USA. [Pound, J. Mathews; Miller, J. Allen; George, John E.] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX USA. RP Stafford, KC (reprint author), Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, 123 Huntington St,POB 1106, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. EM kirby.stafford@po.state.ct.us FU USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreement [58-0790-2-072] FX We thank Heidi Stuber, Scott Williams, Mike Burrell, and numerous summer research assistants at The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) for their assistance with fieldwork and maintenance of the 4-Posters over the course of the project. We also thank the homeowners in Old Lyme and Old Saybrook for their cooperation in the placement of the 4-Posters and/or tick sampling on their properties. The authors also thank Harry Pylypiw and Walter Krol, Department of Analytical Chemistry, CAES, for the analysis of the amitraz residues. The research was supported, in part, by USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-0790-2-072. Research with deer was approved by the Experiment Station's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Permits for the treatment and capture of deer were obtained from the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 371 EP 379 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0161 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 479AD UT WOS:000268629600004 PM 19650731 ER PT J AU Daniels, TJ Falco, RC Mchugh, EE Vellozzi, J Boccia, T Denicola, AJ Pound, JM Miller, JA George, JE Fish, D AF Daniels, Thomas J. Falco, Richard C. Mchugh, Erin E. Vellozzi, James Boccia, Theresa Denicola, Anthony J. Pound, J. Mathews Miller, J. Allen George, John E. Fish, Durland TI Acaricidal Treatment of White-Tailed Deer to Control Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in a New York Lyme Disease-Endemic Community SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Acaricide; Blacklegged ticks; Control; 4-Poster; Ixodes scapularis; Lyme disease; White-tailed deer ID AREA; ECOLOGY; TICK AB The efficacy of topically treating white-tailed deer with an acaricide was evaluated in a Lyme disease-endemic community of southern New York State. Twenty-four 4-Poster feeders were placed in a 5.2 km(2) treatment area in Bedford, NY, while a site in Lewisboro, NY, 4.8 km distant, served as control. Treatment periods ran from 15 September to 15 December each fall from 1997 to 2001, and from 15 March to 15 May each spring from 1998 to 2002. Corn consumption averaged 15,779 kg in fall sessions and 9054 kg in spring sessions, and a mean of 89.6% of deer in the study area showed evidence of using the feeders. Deer densities, estimated by aerial snow counts, averaged 22 and 28 deer per km(2) in Bedford and Lewisboro, respectively, over a 3-year period. Significant reductions in tick numbers on deer captured in the treatment area were noted in fall 1999 compared to deer captured at the control site. Drag sampling for nymphal host-seeking ticks indicated 63.6% control in 2001, which dropped to 54.8% the following year, but reached 80% in 2003. Higher-than-normal acorn production in 2001 that likely caused a drop in deer visitation to the feeders may have reduced efficacy against larval ticks in 2002. The 4-Poster effectively reduced the density of Ixodes scapularis, though the level of control is dependent on environmental factors that affect feeding behavior of white-tailed deer. C1 [Daniels, Thomas J.; Mchugh, Erin E.; Vellozzi, James; Boccia, Theresa] Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ctr, Vector Ecol Lab, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. [Daniels, Thomas J.] New York Med Coll, Dept Family & Community Med, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [Falco, Richard C.] New York State Dept Hlth, Louis Calder Ctr, Armonk, NY USA. [Denicola, Anthony J.] White Buffalo Inc, Moodus, CT USA. [Pound, J. Mathews; Miller, J. Allen; George, John E.] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX USA. [Fish, Durland] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. RP Daniels, TJ (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ctr, Vector Ecol Lab, POB 887,53 Whippoorwill Rd, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. EM thdaniels@fordham.edu FU USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreement [58-0790-2-072] FX We thank the numerous summer research assistants from 1997 through 2003 who took part in this study. We are indebted to the residents of Bedford and Lewisboro who permitted access to their property for sampling, and especially to the homeowners who allowed us to put 4-Posters on their properties. Their commitment to the study was both necessary and gratifying; without it, this project could not have been conducted. We also thank an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that improved the article.; This research was supported largely by a USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-0790-2-072. We are also grateful to researchers at the other four cooperative sites for their role in shaping this study. This article represents contribution no. 218 to the Louis Calder Center. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0197 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 479AD UT WOS:000268629600005 PM 19650732 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Hill, DE Allen, PC Young, KW Miramontes, E Kramer, M Pound, JM Miller, JA George, JE AF Carroll, John F. Hill, Dolores E. Allen, Patricia C. Young, Kenneth W. Miramontes, Eli Kramer, Matthew Pound, J. Mathews Miller, J. Allen George, John E. TI The Impact of 4-Poster Deer Self-Treatment Devices at Three Locations in Maryland SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; Amitraz; Bait; Ixodes scapularis; White-tailed deer ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; STAR TICKS ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; DAMMINI ACARI; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; RURAL LANDSCAPE; IXODIDAE; DENSITY AB From 1998-2002 twenty-five deer self-treatment devices (4-Posters), using 2% amitraz, were operated at three locations in Maryland to determine their effectiveness in controlling blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, and lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.). Each treatment site was approximate to 518 ha and paired with a similar site lacking 4-Posters. Locations varied in deer density, tick abundance, and land use. Flagging for host-seeking ticks showed declines in tick populations at all treatment sites compared to control sites by the third year. By 2002, control of I. scapularis nymphs attributable to the 4-Poster intervention at the three sites was 69.0%, 75.8%, and 80%. Control of A. americanum nymphs at the two sites where they occurred was 99.5% and 95.3%. In 2003, the first posttreatment year, control of I. scapularis remained around 2001-2002 levels, but by 2004, an upward trend in nymphal numbers was detectable. Populations of A. americanum showed no increase posttreatment. These results demonstrate that control of these tick species is locally possible with 4-Poster intervention. C1 [Carroll, John F.; Hill, Dolores E.; Allen, Patricia C.; Young, Kenneth W.; Miramontes, Eli] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kramer, Matthew] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Area, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pound, J. Mathews; Miller, J. Allen; George, John E.] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, BARC E,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.carroll@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 407 EP U64 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0165 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 479AD UT WOS:000268629600008 PM 19650735 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Pound, JM Miller, JA Kramer, M AF Carroll, John F. Pound, J. Mathews Miller, J. Allen Kramer, Matthew TI Sustained Control of Gibson Island, Maryland, Populations of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) by Community-Administered 4-Poster Deer Self-Treatment Bait Stations SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Amitraz; Corn bait; Permethrin; Tick control; White-tailed deer ID LONE STAR TICK; UNITED-STATES; LYME-DISEASE AB In 1998, twenty-five 4-Poster deer treatment bait stations were deployed on Gibson Island (GI), Maryland, as part of the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Northeast Area-Wide Tick Control Project. Treatments concluded in June 2002, having achieved 80% and 99.5% control of blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, and lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum, respectively. No area-wide tick control was attempted again on the island until 2003, when 15 Dandux (TM)-manufactured 4-Posters were purchased by the GI Corporation and operated until the present. Annual flagging at sites on the island and a similar untreated area on the nearby mainland in May and June from 1998 to 2007 has demonstrated that populations of host-seeking nymphs of both tick species have remained at consistently low levels on the island during GI Corporation administration of the 4-Posters, in spite of 40% fewer 4-Posters and increased deer density during 2003-2007. C1 [Carroll, John F.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kramer, Matthew] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pound, J. Mathews; Miller, J. Allen] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, BARC E,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.carroll@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 417 EP 421 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0166 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 479AD UT WOS:000268629600009 PM 19650736 ER PT J AU Brei, B Brownstein, JS George, JE Pound, JM Miller, JA Daniels, TJ Falco, RC Stafford, KC Schulze, TL Mather, TN Carroll, JF Fish, D AF Brei, Brandon Brownstein, John S. George, John E. Pound, J. Mathews Miller, J. Allen Daniels, Thomas J. Falco, Richard C. Stafford, Kirby C., III Schulze, Terry L. Mather, Thomas N. Carroll, John F. Fish, Durland TI Evaluation of the United States Department of Agriculture Northeast Area-Wide Tick Control Project by Meta-Analysis SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Acaricide; 4-Poster; Entomologic risk index; Ixodes scapularis; Meta-analysis; Seasonal adjustment; Tick control; White-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; TREATMENT DEVICE; IXODIDAE; ACARI; MARYLAND AB As part of the Northeast Area-wide Tick Control Project (NEATCP), meta-analyses were performed using pooled data on the extent of tick-vector control achieved through seven concurrent studies, conducted within five states, using U. S. Department of Agriculture "4-Poster" devices to deliver targeted-acaricide to white-tailed deer. Although reductions in the abundance of all life-stages of Ixodes scapularis were the measured outcomes, this study focused on metrics associated with I. scapularis nymphal tick densities as this measure has consistently proven to directly correlate with human risk of acquiring Lyme disease. Since independent tick sampling schemes were undertaken at each of the five environmentally distinct study locations, a meta-analytic approach permitted estimation of a single true control-effect size for each treatment year of the NEATCP. The control-effect is expressed as the annual percent I. scapularis nymphal control most consistent with meta-analysis data for each treatment year. Our meta-analyses indicate that by the sixth treatment year, the NEATCP effectively reduced the relative density of I. scapularis nymphs by 71% on the 5.14 km(2) treatment sites, corresponding to a 71% lower relative entomologic risk index for acquiring Lyme disease. C1 [Brownstein, John S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Dept Pediat,Div Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Brei, Brandon; Fish, Durland] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [George, John E.; Pound, J. Mathews; Miller, J. Allen] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX USA. [Daniels, Thomas J.; Falco, Richard C.] Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ecol Ctr, Armonk, NY USA. [Stafford, Kirby C., III] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Schulze, Terry L.] Ph D Inc, Perrineville, NJ USA. [Mather, Thomas N.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Carroll, John F.] ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Brownstein, JS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 1 Autumn St,Room 541, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM john_brownstein@harvard.edu FU USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreement [58-0790-2-072] FX This research was funded by USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-0790-2-072 to the Yale University School of Medicine. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0150 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 479AD UT WOS:000268629600010 PM 19650737 ER PT J AU Hoen, AG Rollend, LG Papero, MA Carroll, JF Daniels, TJ Mather, TN Schulze, TL Stafford, KC Fish, D AF Hoen, Anne Gatewood Rollend, Lindsay G. Papero, Michele A. Carroll, John F. Daniels, Thomas J. Mather, Thomas N. Schulze, Terry L. Stafford, Kirby C., III Fish, Durland TI Effects of Tick Control by Acaricide Self-Treatment of White-Tailed Deer on Host-Seeking Tick Infection Prevalence and Entomologic Risk for Ixodes scapularis-Borne Pathogens SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Acaricide; 4-Poster; Entomologic risk index; Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia burgdorferi; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Borrelia miyamotoi; Tick control; White-tailed deer; Coinfection ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; LYME-DISEASE PATIENTS; SOUTHERN NEW-YORK; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; PCR; ISLAND; AGENT; TRANSMISSION; DURATION AB We evaluated the effects of tick control by acaricide self-treatment of white-tailed deer on the infection prevalence and entomologic risk for three Ixodes scapularis-borne bacteria in host-seeking ticks. Ticks were collected from vegetation in areas treated with the "4-Poster" device and from control areas over a 6-year period in five geographically diverse study locations in the Northeastern United States and tested for infection with two known agents of human disease, Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and for a novel relapsing fever-group spirochete related to Borrelia miyamotoi. Overall, 38.2% of adults and 12.5% of nymphs were infected with B. burgdorferi; 8.5% of adults and 4.2% of nymphs were infected with A. phagocytophilum; and 1.9% of adults and 0.8% of nymphs were infected with B. miyamotoi. In most cases, treatment with the 4-Poster device was not associated with changes in the prevalence of infection with any of these three microorganisms among nymphal or adult ticks. However, the density of nymphs infected with B. burgdorferi, and consequently the entomologic risk for Lyme disease, was reduced overall by 68% in treated areas compared to control areas among the five study sites at the end of the study. The frequency of bacterial coinfections in ticks was generally equal to the product of the proportion of ticks infected with a single bacterium, indicating that enzootic maintenance of these pathogens is independent. We conclude that controlling ticks on deer by self-application of acaricide results in an overall decrease in the human risk for exposure to these three bacterial agents, which is due solely to a reduction in tick density. C1 [Hoen, Anne Gatewood; Rollend, Lindsay G.; Papero, Michele A.; Fish, Durland] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Papero, Michele A.] VCA Shoreline Vet Referral & Emergency Ctr, Shelton, CT USA. [Carroll, John F.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Daniels, Thomas J.] Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ctr, Armonk, NY USA. [Mather, Thomas N.] Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Schulze, Terry L.] Ph D Inc, Perrineville, NJ USA. [Stafford, Kirby C., III] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Hoen, AG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, 1 Autumn St,Room 439, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM anne.gatewood@childrens.harvard.edu FU USDA-ARS-Cooperative Agreement [58-0790-2-072] FX We gratefully acknowledge Brittany Gray and Meghan O'Connell for technical assistance and Maria Diuk-Wasser, Paul Cislo, James Childs, and Stephen Bent for helpful discussions. This research was funded by USDA-ARS-Cooperative Agreement 58-0790-2-072. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0155 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 479AD UT WOS:000268629600011 PM 19650738 ER PT J AU Pound, JM Miller, JA George, JE Fish, D Carroll, JF Schulze, TL Daniels, TJ Falco, RC Stafford, KC Mather, TN AF Pound, Joe Mathews Miller, John Allen George, John E. Fish, Durland Carroll, John F. Schulze, Terry L. Daniels, Thomas J. Falco, Richard C. Stafford, Kirby C., III Mather, Thomas N. TI The United States Department of Agriculture's Northeast Area-Wide Tick Control Project: Summary and Conclusions SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE 4-Poster; acaricide; Amblyomma americanum; host-targeted; Ixodes scapularis; Lyme disease; Odocoileus virginianus; tick-borne disease; tick control; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TOPICAL TREATMENT DEVICE; IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; IXODIDAE; ABUNDANCE AB From 1997 to 2002, the U. S. Department of Agriculture's Northeast Area-wide Tick Control Project used acaricide-treated 4-Poster Deer Treatment Bait Stations in five eastern states to control ticks feeding on white-tailed deer. The objectives of this host-targeted technology were to reduce free-living blacklegged (Ixodes scapularis Say) and lone star (Amblyomma americanum [L.]) tick populations and thereby to reduce the risk of tick-borne disease. During 2002 to 2004, treatments were suspended, and tick population recovery rates were assayed. Subsequently, the major factors that influenced variations in efficacy were extrapolated to better understand and improve this technology. Treatments resulted in significant reductions in free-living populations of nymphal blacklegged ticks at six of the seven sites, and lone star ticks were significantly reduced at all three sites where they were present. During the study, maximal significant (p <= 0.05) efficacies against nymphal blacklegged and lone star ticks at individual sites ranged from 60.0 to 81.7 and 90.9 to 99.5%, respectively. The major environmental factor that reduced efficacy was the occurrence of heavy acorn masts, which provided an alternative food resource for deer. Although the 4-Poster technology requires 1 or more years to show efficacy, this host-targeted intervention was demonstrated to be an efficacious, economical, safe, and environment-friendly alternative to area-wide spraying of acaricide to control free-living populations of these tick species. C1 [Pound, Joe Mathews; Miller, John Allen; George, John E.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Fish, Durland] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Carroll, John F.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Schulze, Terry L.] Ph D Inc, Perrineville, NJ USA. [Daniels, Thomas J.] Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ctr, Armonk, NY USA. [Falco, Richard C.] New York State Dept Hlth, Louis Calder Ctr, Armonk, NY USA. [Stafford, Kirby C., III] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Mather, Thomas N.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Pound, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM mat.pound@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0200 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 479AD UT WOS:000268629600012 PM 19650739 ER PT J AU Bogoyavlenskiy, A Berezin, V Prilipov, A Usachev, E Lyapina, O Korotetskiy, I Zaitceva, I Asanova, S Kydyrmanov, A Daulbaeva, K Shakhvorostova, L Sayatov, M King, D AF Bogoyavlenskiy, Andrey Berezin, Vladimir Prilipov, Alexey Usachev, Eugeniy Lyapina, Olga Korotetskiy, Ilya Zaitceva, Irina Asanova, Saule Kydyrmanov, Aydyn Daulbaeva, Klara Shakhvorostova, Larisa Sayatov, Marat King, Daniel TI Newcastle disease outbreaks in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan during 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2005 were caused by viruses of the genotypes VIIb and VIId SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Chicken; Fusion gene; Newcastle disease virus; Phylogenetic characterization; Virulent ID NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; WESTERN-EUROPE; STRAINS; CHINA; VIRULENT; GENE; EVOLUTION; REVEALS AB Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects domesticated and wild birds throughout the world, and infections with virulent NDV strains continue to cause disease outbreaks in poultry and wild birds. To assess the evolutionary characteristics of 28 NDV strains isolated from chickens in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan during 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2005, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among these viruses and viruses described previously. For genotyping, fusion (F) gene phylogenetic analysis (nucleotide number 47-421) was performed using sequences of Kazakhstanian and Kyrgyzstanian isolates as compared to sequences of selected NDV strains from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the 14 newly characterized strains from years 1998 to 2001 belong to the NDV genotype VIIb, whereas the 14 strains isolated during 2003-2005 were of genotype VIId. All strains possessed a virulent fusion protein cleavage site (R-R-Q-R/K-R-F) and had intracerebral pathogenicity indexes in day-old chickens that ranged from 1.05 to 1.87, both properties typical of NDV strains classified in the mesogenic or velogenic pathotype. C1 [Bogoyavlenskiy, Andrey; Berezin, Vladimir; Korotetskiy, Ilya; Zaitceva, Irina; Asanova, Saule; Kydyrmanov, Aydyn; Daulbaeva, Klara; Shakhvorostova, Larisa; Sayatov, Marat] Inst Microbiol & Virol, Alma Ata 050010, Kazakhstan. [Prilipov, Alexey; Usachev, Eugeniy; Lyapina, Olga] DI Ivanovskii Inst Virol, Moscow 123098, Russia. [King, Daniel] USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA USA. RP Berezin, V (reprint author), Inst Microbiol & Virol, 103 Bogenbai Batyr Str, Alma Ata 050010, Kazakhstan. EM vladimirberezin@yahoo.com RI Korotetskiy, Ilya/G-9122-2012 OI Korotetskiy, Ilya/0000-0002-0397-7840 FU USDA-ISTC [K-747p]; Institute of Microbiology and Virology [0106KZ01023] FX The research was supported by USDA-ISTC partner project # K-747p and Institute of Microbiology and Virology project # 0106KZ01023. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s11262-009-0370-1 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 461VI UT WOS:000267299900012 PM 19466536 ER PT J AU Scheutz, C Kjeldsen, P Bogner, JE De Visscher, A Gebert, J Hilger, HA Huber-Humer, M Spokas, K AF Scheutz, Charlotte Kjeldsen, Peter Bogner, Jean E. De Visscher, Alex Gebert, Julia Hilger, Helene A. Huber-Humer, Marion Spokas, Kurt TI Microbial methane oxidation processes and technologies for mitigation of landfill gas emissions SO WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Methane oxidation; methane emission; landfill gas; methanotrophs; landfill covers; biofilters; biocovers; wmr 08-0146 ID MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; METHYLOCOCCUS-CAPSULATUS BATH; NONMETHANE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; STATIC-CHAMBER MEASUREMENTS; BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE COVER; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CH4 OXIDATION; SP NOV.; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT AB Landfill gas containing methane is produced by anaerobic degradation of organic waste. Methane is a strong greenhouse gas and landfills are one of the major anthropogenic sources of atmospheric methane. Landfill methane may be oxidized by methanotrophic microorganisms in soils or waste materials utilizing oxygen that diffuses into the cover layer from the atmosphere. The methane oxidation process, which is governed by several environmental factors, can be exploited in engineered systems developed for methane emission mitigation. Mathematical models that account for methane oxidation can be used to predict methane emissions from landfills. Additional research and technology development is needed before methane mitigation technologies utilizing microbial methane oxidation processes can become commercially viable and widely deployed. C1 [Scheutz, Charlotte; Kjeldsen, Peter] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Bogner, Jean E.] Landfills Inc, Wheaton, IL USA. [De Visscher, Alex] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Schulich Sch Engn, Canada Res Chair Air Qual & Pollut Control Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [De Visscher, Alex] Ctr Environm Engn Res & Educ, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Gebert, Julia] Univ Hamburg, Inst Soil Sci, Hamburg, Germany. [Hilger, Helene A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Civil Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Huber-Humer, Marion] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Dept Waste Management, Vienna, Austria. [Spokas, Kurt] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Scheutz, C (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, Miljovej Bldg 113, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM chs@env.dtu.dk RI De Visscher, Alex/B-3618-2008; Kjeldsen, Peter /C-2073-2015; Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016; OI Kjeldsen, Peter /0000-0003-2738-9960; Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959; De Visscher, Alex/0000-0002-2464-7605 NR 307 TC 168 Z9 181 U1 13 U2 151 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-242X EI 1096-3669 J9 WASTE MANAGE RES JI Waste Manage. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 27 IS 5 BP 409 EP 455 DI 10.1177/0734242X09339325 PG 47 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 475VA UT WOS:000268389100002 PM 19584243 ER PT J AU Forcella, F AF Forcella, F. TI Potential use of abrasive air-propelled agricultural residues for weed control SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE abrasion; Chenopodium album; compressed air; grit; organic agriculture; non-chemical management; post-emergence control ID SYSTEMS AB P>A potential new post-emergence physical weed control tactic is described. It entails plant abrasion and death upon assault from abrasive grits propelled by compressed air. Grit derived from granulated walnut shells was delivered by a sand blaster at 517 kPa at distances of 300-600 mm from seedlings of Chenopodium album in glasshouse pots. Control was influenced by size of plants at time of treatment. Seedlings at the cotyledon to 2-leaf stages of growth were mostly destroyed by a single split-second blast of grit of < 1 s duration, but were unaltered by compressed air alone. Plants at the 4- to 6-leaf growth stages required up to 10 blasts of grit to be killed. These results indicate that small weed seedlings of susceptible species might be physically controlled by abrasion from air-propelled grit derived from suitable agricultural residues. C1 [Forcella, F.] USDA ARS, Soils Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM frank.forcella@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00711.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 467MK UT WOS:000267742800002 ER PT J AU Gamble, DL Mitsch, WJ AF Gamble, Debra L. Mitsch, William J. TI Hydroperiods of created and natural vernal pools in central Ohio: A comparison of depth and duration of inundation SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Constructed wetland; Ephemeral pond; Hydrologic regime; Hydrology; Hydroperiod; Mitigation; Seasonal pools; Temporary wetlands; Vernal pool; Wetland restoration ID POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; CONSERVATION STRATEGIES; WETLAND HYDROLOGY; USA; PATTERNS; MASSACHUSETTS; PENNSYLVANIA; POPULATIONS; PROJECTS; SUCCESS AB Water levels were recorded weekly from six natural vernal pools and 10 created vernal pools at two forested wetland complexes in central Ohio. Vernal pool median water depth and duration of inundation were significantly greater at the created vernal pools than at the natural vernal pools (alpha = 0.05, P < 0.05). The average period of inundation for created pools was 309 +/- A 32 days, compared with 250 +/- A 16 days for natural pools. The created pools produced a range of inundation times, from 163 to 365 days in length, with three pools permanently inundated. C1 Soil Drainage Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gamble, Debra L.; Mitsch, William J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. RP Mitsch, WJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wilma H Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Res P, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. EM debra.gamble@ars.usda.gov; mitsch.1@osu.edu FU School of Environment and Natural Resources at The Ohio State University; Wilma H. Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park FX This research was supported by teaching assistantships and a mini- grant from the School of Environment and Natural Resources at The Ohio State University and by support from the Wilma H. Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park. Advice on these research sites has been provided by Robin Lewis and Ralph Tiner in the ORW wetland short courses that use these sites. We are indebted to Bill Resch for providing the rain gage and for his years of collaboration at New Albany. Bill Somerlot and his classes installed the staff gages at the New Albany school wetland. Kyle Meadows helped collect field data. Access and information about the Gahanna Woods wetland were kindly provided by Melissa Moser of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources and Bill Loebick. We thank Mick Micacchion of the Ohio EPA and Desiree Hahn of the USACE for providing information about the New Albany site. Olentangy River Wetland Research Park Publication 08-011. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 17 IS 4 BP 385 EP 395 DI 10.1007/s11273-008-9115-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 462PR UT WOS:000267368600009 ER PT J AU Toyofuku, N Schatzki, TF AF Toyofuku, N. Schatzki, T. F. TI Calculation of contaminant distribution in tree and ground nuts SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; non-parametric distribution; sample distribution; negative binomial; tree and ground nuts ID INSECT DAMAGE; AFLATOXIN; PISTACHIOS; PEANUTS; ALMONDS; LOTS AB A comparison of two different calculational methods is presented to predict the sample distribution P(C;N) of granular products at any sample size, from an experimental distribution at a single N. The Negative Binomial density distribution can handle any N that is large with respect to the test size, but is limited to the precision of two parameter functions. Its application is simple and rapid, particularly at large lambda, and useful for obtaining the lot average concentration, < c >. The non-parametric method can handle any approximation to the experimental data. It is treated as a sum of Poisson (or multinomial) distributions with varying lambda(l)=Np(l), where p(l) is the probability of a kernel containing contaminant in a range of c. This method is currently restricted to lambda(l)<2, and is more laborious than the Negative Binomial. It is ideal for discerning small changes in P(C;N) at small N, indicative of the effects of production, processing and sorting. These methods were applied to the analysis of contamination in assorted processed and unprocessed pistachios, almonds, and peanuts. For this paper, the method is illustrated using aflatoxin contamination of various commodities, but the method can be applied to any contaminant of a granular commodity. The sparse approximation for distributions (lambda(l)<0.1), previously postulated, was verified. P(C;N) at low C was established in all cases, leading to a much clearer understanding of the source of contamination. The overall shapes of P(C;N) at low N were alike among tree nuts and among two very different peanut lots. Where available, test data at widely spaced N were consistent with calculated results. In one pistachio lot, the change of P(C;N) upon image sorting indicated a hitherto unknown contamination source. The methods show great applicability for risk analysis and developing sampling protocols. C1 [Toyofuku, N.; Schatzki, T. F.] Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Toyofuku, N (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM natsuko.toyofuku@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 220, WAGENINGEN, 6700 AE, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.3920/WMJ2008.1068 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 664WV UT WOS:000282995500003 ER PT J AU Aubry, KB Halpern, CB Peterson, CE AF Aubry, Keith B. Halpern, Charles B. Peterson, Charles E. TI Variable-retention harvests in the Pacific Northwest: A review of short-term findings from the DEMO study SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUFRO International Conference on Old Forest, New Management - The Conservation and Use of Old-Growth Forest in the 21st Century CY FEB 17-21, 2008 CL Hobart, AUSTRALIA DE Aggregated retention; Biological responses; Dispersed retention; Forest structure; Green-tree retention; Refugia; Public perceptions ID GREEN-TREE RETENTION; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; VARYING LEVELS; STRUCTURAL RETENTION; WESTERN WASHINGTON; SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MANAGED FORESTS; BRYOPHYTE MOSS; UNITED-STATES AB In the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the contiguous United States, retention of live (green) trees in harvest units is an integral part of forest management practices on federal lands, yet the ecological benefits that result from various levels or patterns of retained trees remain speculative. The Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) study was established to address these informational gaps. The experimental design consists of six treatments, each 13 ha in size, replicated at six locations (blocks) in western Washington and Oregon. Treatments represent strong contrasts in retention level (15-100% of original basal area) and pattern (trees dispersed vs. aggregated in 1-ha patches) in mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests. A wide variety of ecological responses and public perceptions of visual quality have been examined; this paper provides a comprehensive review of the short-term (1-7 years) results of these studies. Level of retention had a strong effect on many responses. At 15% retention, regardless of pattern, microclimate, ecological responses, and public perceptions of visual quality did not differ from those measured in the "clearcut" areas of aggregated treatments. In contrast to level of retention, pattern of retention had limited effect on most measures of biological response. Small changes within forest aggregates were balanced by large changes in adjacent harvested areas, thus on average, responses within aggregated treatments were comparable to those in dispersed treatments. Nevertheless, retaining trees in 1-ha aggregates provided several benefits over dispersed retention. Aggregates greatly reduced damage to and mortality of residual trees (particularly at lower levels of retention) and provided short-term refugia for forest organisms sensitive to disturbance or environmental stress (e.g., bryophytes and late-seral herbs). However, aggregates were susceptible to edge effects (e.g., elevated light and temperature), which may compromise their ability to serve as sources for recolonization of adjacent harvested areas. Collectively, our findings suggest that retention levels >15% are needed to effectively retain sensitive plants and animals, ameliorate harsh microclimatic conditions, and gain public acceptance of retention harvests in these forests. A combination of relatively large (>= 1 ha) aggregates and dispersed trees at levels considerably greater than current minimum standards in the PNW may be the most effective strategy for sustaining a broad array of forest values in managed stands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Aubry, Keith B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Halpern, Charles B.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Peterson, Charles E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Aubry, KB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM kaubry@fs.fed.us; chalpern@u.washington.edu; cepeterson@fs.fed.us NR 73 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 30 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 4 BP 398 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.013 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 475SN UT WOS:000268381400008 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Nuti, RC Truman, CC AF Sullivan, D. G. Nuti, R. C. Truman, C. C. TI Evaluating a nonionic surfactant as a tool to improve water availability in irrigated cotton SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE nonionic surfactant; rainfall simulation; cotton ID REPELLENT SOILS; MANAGEMENT; EROSION AB Nonionic surfactants have been well researched in turf grass environments as a tool to ameliorate water-repellant conditions. However, few studies have evaluated the risks and benefits of nonionic surfactant applications in row-crop agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a nonionic surfactant on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production on a Faceville loamy sand (fine, kaolinitic thermic Typic Kandiudult) in the coastal plain region of Georgia. The experiment consisted of two components: (1) on-site rainfall simulation and (2) agronomic cotton field trials. Treatments were designed to test the impact of rate and frequency of surfactant applications using six combinations of application rates and timings. For the rainfall simulation component, only the control (0-0 L ha(-1)) and high rate (0-51 L ha(-1)) of surfactant applications were evaluated. During the field trial, soil water content, cotton stand counts, and yield were measured. Rainfall simulations showed that the addition of surfactant increased runoff, decreased infiltration, and promoted surface sealing. Despite the demonstrated potential for water loss, agronomic field trials showed that crop yields were not significantly different between surfactant-treated and untreated plots. No differences in soil water content were observed between treatments at 5 and 15 cm depths; however, soil water content was significantly higher in untreated control plots at the 30 cm depth. Data demonstrate the need for clarification of soil physical/chemical properties and surfactant interactions that may lend themselves to the creation of surface seals and how these seals impact soil/water conservation and crop yield. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sullivan, D. G.; Truman, C. C.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Nuti, R. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM sullidg121@hotmail.com NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 30 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 16 BP 2326 EP 2334 DI 10.1002/hyp.7330 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 479YB UT WOS:000268697000005 ER PT J AU Xu, GH Dong, JP Severtson, SJ Houtman, CJ Gwin, LE AF Xu, Guizhen H. Dong, Jinping Severtson, Steven J. Houtman, Carl J. Gwin, Larry E. TI Modifications of Surfactant Distributions and Surface Morphologies in Latex Films Due to Moisture Exposure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVES; HETEROPHASE POLYMERIZATION; REACTIVE SURFACTANTS; SMALL MOLECULES; ATOMIC-FORCE; SURFMERS; SPECTROSCOPY; COALESCENCE; MICROSCOPY; EXUDATION AB Migration of surfactants in water-based, pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) films exposed to static and cyclic relative humidity conditions was investigated using confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Studied PSA films contain monomers n-butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, and methacrylic acid and an equal mass mixture of anionic and nonionic nonylphenol ethoxylate emulsifiers. A leveling of surfactant concentration distributions is observed via CRM after films stored at 50% relative humidity (RH) are exposed to a 100% RH for an extended time period, while relatively small increases in surface enrichment occur when films are stored at 0% RH. Use of CRM for binary mixtures containing anionic or nonionic surfactant and latex that has undergone dialysis to remove nonpolymeric components indicates that surfactant-polymer compatibility governs to a great extent surface enrichment, but not changes observed with humidity variations. AFM images show that upon drying latex coatings, surfactant and other additives collect in large aggregation regions, which protrude from film surfaces. These structures are absent at high humidity, which appears to result from lateral spreading across the polymer surface. When humidity is reduced, aggregation regions reform but appear to be smaller and more evenly dispersed, and by cycling humidity between 0 and 100% RH, interfacial enrichment can be seen to diminish. Presented results provide greater insights into the distribution behavior of surfactants in latex films and potential mechanisms for observed issues arising for these systems. C1 [Xu, Guizhen H.; Severtson, Steven J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Dong, Jinping] Univ Minnesota, Characterizat Facil, Shepherd Labs 12, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Houtman, Carl J.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Gwin, Larry E.] Franklin Int, Columbus, OH 43207 USA. RP Severtson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, 2004 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sever018@umn.edu RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 FU U.S. Postal Service, Stamp Acquisition and Distribution; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC36-04GO14309] FX This research was financially supported in part by a grant from the U.S. Postal Service, Stamp Acquisition and Distribution, and the U.S. Department of Energy Project Number DE-FC36-04GO14309. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 30 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 30 BP 10189 EP 10195 DI 10.1021/jp902716b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 473SY UT WOS:000268231000023 PM 19572658 ER PT J AU Cowie, RH Dillon, RT Robinson, DG Smith, JW AF Cowie, Robert H. Dillon, Robert T., Jr. Robinson, David G. Smith, James W. TI Alien non-marine snails and slugs of priority quarantine importance in the United States: A preliminary risk assessment SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molluscs as Models in Evolutionary Biology held at the World Congress of Malacology CY JUL 15-20, 2007 CL Antwerp, BELGIUM DE Gastropoda; invasive species; life-history; natural ecosystems; pests ID FRESH-WATER SNAIL; INDOPLANORBIS-EXUSTUS DESHAYES; MELANOIDES-TUBERCULATA MULLER; NONNATIVE APPLE SNAILS; GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LIFE-CYCLE; LAND SNAILS; POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; SECONDARY PRODUCTION AB In 2002, the U.S. Department of Agriculture requested assistance from the American Malacological Society in the development of a list of non-native snails and slugs of top national quarantine significance. From a review of the major pest snail and slug literature, together with our own experience, we developed a preliminary list of gastropod species displaying significant potential to damage natural ecosystems or agriculture, or human health or commerce, and either entirely absent from the United States to our knowledge or restricted to narrow areas of introduction. Comments oil the list from the worldwide malacological community were then solicited and led LIS to modify the original list. We then evaluated the taxa oil this list by ranking them according to 12 attributes-seven biological variables and five aspects of human interaction-based oil thorough review of the detailed literature. The ranked list that emerged from this risk assessment process included 46 taxa (species or species-groups) in 18 families. The highest ranked taxa were in the Ampullariidae, Hygromiidae, Cochlicellidae, Helicidae, Veronicellidae, Succineidae, Achatinidae, and Planorbidae. We validated the risk assessment model by scoring a suite of non-native snail and slug species already present in the United States. The list is not definitive but rather is offered as a framework for additional research. There remain important gaps in biological knowledge of many of the taxa evaluated, and rigorous reporting of economic impacts is extremely limited. We expect the prioritizing and listing of taxa to be dynamic, not only as these knowledge gaps are filled but also as environmental, agricultural, international trade, and societal factors change. C1 [Cowie, Robert H.] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Ctr Conservat Res & Training, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dillon, Robert T., Jr.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Robinson, David G.] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, USDA, APHIS, PPQ,Dept Malacol, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Smith, James W.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Cowie, RH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Ctr Conservat Res & Training, 3050 Maile Way,Gilmore 408, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM cowie@hawaii.edu NR 180 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 EI 2162-2698 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD JUL 29 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 132 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 475JW UT WOS:000268355600010 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SM Rogers, SP Hicks, PD Hawthorne, KM Parker, BR Abrams, SA AF Mitchell, Shannon M. Rogers, Stefanie P. Hicks, Penni D. Hawthorne, Keli M. Parker, Bruce R. Abrams, Steven A. TI High frequencies of elevated alkaline phosphatase activity and rickets exist in extremely low birth weight infants despite current nutritional support SO BMC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC BONE-DISEASE; PRETERM INFANTS; PREMATURITY AB Background: Osteopenia and rickets are common among extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW, <1000 g birth weight) despite current practices of vitamin and mineral supplementation. Few data are available evaluating the usual course of markers of mineral status in this population. Our objectives in this study were to determine the relationship between birth weight (BW) and peak serum alkaline phosphatase activity (P-APA) in ELBW infants and evaluate our experience with the diagnosis of rickets in these infants. Methods: We evaluated all ELBW infants admitted to Texas Children's Hospital NICU in 2006 and 2007. Of 211 admissions, we excluded 98 patients who were admitted at >30 days of age or did not survive/stay for >6 weeks. Bone radiographs obtained in 32 infants were reviewed by a radiologist masked to laboratory values. Results: In this cohort of 113 infants, P-APA was found to have a significant inverse relationship with BW, gestational age and serum phosphorus. In paired comparisons, P-APA of infants < 600 g ( 957 +/- 346 IU/L, n = 20) and infants 600-800 g ( 808 +/- 323 IU/L, n = 43) were both significantly higher than P-APA of infants 800-1000 g ( 615 +/- 252 IU/L, n = 50), p < 0.01. Thirty-two patients had radiographic evaluation for evidence of rickets, based on P-APA greater than 800 IU/L, parenteral nutrition greater than 3 to 4 weeks, or clinical suspicion. Of these, 18 showed radiologic rickets and 14 showed osteopenia without rickets. Infants with BW <600 g were more likely to have radiologic rickets (10/20 infants) compared to those with BW 600-800 g (6/43 infants) and BW 800-1000 g (2/50 infants), p < 0.01 for each. P-APA was not significantly higher in infants with radiologic rickets ( 1078 +/- 356 IU/L) compared to those without radiologic evidence of rickets ( 943 +/- 346, p = 0.18). Conclusion: Elevation of P-APA >600 IU/L was very common in ELBW infants. BW was significantly inversely related to both P-APA and radiologic rickets. No single value of P-APA was related to radiological findings of rickets. Given the very high risk of osteopenia and rickets among ELBW infants, we recommend consideration of early screening and early mineral supplementation, especially among infants <600 g BW. C1 [Mitchell, Shannon M.; Rogers, Stefanie P.; Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mitchell, Shannon M.; Rogers, Stefanie P.; Parker, Bruce R.; Abrams, Steven A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hicks, Penni D.; Hawthorne, Keli M.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Parker, Bruce R.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ShannonMitch@gmail.com; Stefanie_Rogers@hotmail.com; pennih@bcm.edu; kelih@bcm.edu; brucep@bcm.edu; sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU USDA/ARS [586250-6-001] FX This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement number 586250-6-001. This source of funding applies to each author. The funding body was not involved in any way in the study design, writing or interpretation of data. Contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply NR 17 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2431 J9 BMC PEDIATR JI BMC Pediatr. PD JUL 29 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 47 DI 10.1186/1471-2431-9-47 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 491EU UT WOS:000269561300001 PM 19640269 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Nonnecke, BJ Thacker, TC Estes, DM Larsen, MH Jacobs, WR Andersen, P McNair, J Minion, FC Lyashchenko, KP Hewinson, RG Vordermeier, HM Sacco, RE AF Waters, W. Ray Palmer, Mitchell V. Nonnecke, Brian J. Thacker, Tyler C. Estes, D. Mark Larsen, Michelle H. Jacobs, William R., Jr. Andersen, Peter McNair, James Minion, F. C. Lyashchenko, Konstantin P. Hewinson, R. Glyn Vordermeier, H. Martin Sacco, Randy E. TI Signal Regulatory Protein alpha (SIRP alpha)(+) Cells in the Adaptive Response to ESAT-6/CFP-10 Protein of Tuberculous Mycobacteria SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) are co-secreted proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex mycobacteria ( includes M. bovis, the zoonotic agent of bovine tuberculosis) involved in phagolysosome escape of the bacillus and, potentially, in the efficient induction of granulomas. Upon tuberculosis infection, multi-nucleate giant cells are elicited, likely as a response aimed at containing mycobacteria. In tissue culture models, signal regulatory protein (SIRP)alpha ( also referred to as macrophage fusion receptor or CD172a) is essential for multi-nucleate giant cell formation. Methodology/Principal Findings: In the present study, ESAT-6/CFP-10 complex and SIRP alpha interactions were evaluated with samples obtained from calves experimentally infected with M. bovis. Peripheral blood CD172a(+) (SIRP alpha-expressing) cells from M. bovis-infected calves proliferated upon in vitro stimulation with ESAT-6/CFP-10 ( either as a fusion protein or a peptide cocktail), but not with cells from animals receiving M. bovis strains lacking ESAT-6/CFP-10 (i.e, M. bovis BCG or M. bovis Delta RD1). Sorted CD172a(+) cells from these cultures had a dendritic cell/macrophage morphology, bound fluorescently-tagged rESAT-6:CFP-10, bound and phagocytosed live M. bovis BCG, and co-expressed CD11c, DEC-205, CD44, MHC II, CD80/86 (a subset also co-expressed CD11b or CD8 alpha). Intradermal administration of rESAT-6: CFP-10 into tuberculous calves elicited a delayed type hypersensitive response consisting of CD11c(+), CD172a(+), and CD3(+) cells, including CD172a-expressing multinucleated giant cells. Conclusions/Significance: These findings demonstrate the ability of ESAT-6/CFP-10 to specifically expand CD172a(+) cells, bind to CD172a(+) cells, and induce multi-nucleated giant cells expressing CD172a. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. EM ray.waters@ars.usda.gov RI Hewinson, Glyn/F-7077-2010; Hewinson, Glyn/J-1902-2014; Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; Minion, Chris/A-2955-2015 OI Minion, Chris/0000-0003-4876-8396 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI026170, AI26170, R01 AI026170] NR 59 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 29 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 7 AR e6414 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0006414 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 477CF UT WOS:000268494500015 PM 19641628 ER PT J AU Heseker, HB Mason, JB Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH Jacques, PF AF Heseker, Helmut B. Mason, Joel B. Selhub, Jacob Rosenberg, Irwin H. Jacques, Paul F. TI Not all cases of neural-tube defect can be prevented by increasing the intake of folic acid SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE Folic acid; Fortification; Supplementation; Neural-tube defect ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; FOLATE INTAKE; VITAMIN-B-12 STATUS; CHILDBEARING AGE; BIRTH PREVALENCE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SPINA-BIFIDA; BLOOD FOLATE AB Some countries have introduced mandatory folic acid fortification, whereas others support periconceptional supplementation of women in childbearing age. Several European countries are considering whether to adopt a fortification policy. Projections of the possible beneficial effects of increased folic acid intake assume that the measure will result in a considerable reduction in neural-tube defects (NTD) in the target population. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the beneficial effects of different levels of folic acid administration on the prevalence of NTD. Countries with mandatory fortification achieved a significant increase in folate intake and a significant decline in the prevalence of NTD. This was also true for supplementation trials. However, the prevalence of NTD at birth declined to approximately five cases at birth per 10000 births and seven to eight cases at birth or abortion per 10000 births. This decline was independent of the amount of folic acid administered and apparently reveals a 'floor effect' for folic acid-preventable NTD. This clearly shows that not all cases of NTD are preventable by increasing the folate intake. The relative decline depends on the initial NTD rate. Countries with NTD prevalence close to the observed floor may have much smaller reductions in NTD rates with folic acid fortification. Additionally, potential adverse effects of fortification on other vulnerable population groups have to be seriously considered. Policy decisions concerning national mandatory fortification programmes must take into account realistically projected benefits as well as the evidence of risks to all vulnerable groups. C1 [Heseker, Helmut B.] Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Nutr & Consumer Educ, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. [Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Heseker, HB (reprint author), Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Nutr & Consumer Educ, Warburger Str 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. EM helmut.heseker@uni-paderborn.de FU University of Paderbom; Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston FX The present study was supported only by the resources of the two involved institutions (University of Paderbom and Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston). H. B. H. developed the concept for the article, wrote the first draft and revised the final manuscript; J. B. M. provided the cancer part and revised the manuscript; J. S. and I. H. R. provided substantial editorial comments on manuscript drafts; P. F. J. helped to develop the concept for the article and revised the manuscript. J. B. M. has been a paid consultant of Wyeth Home Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of multivitamins, in the past year. There is no conflict of interest for the other authors. NR 57 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD JUL 28 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1017/S0007114508149200 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 476RK UT WOS:000268461100001 PM 19079944 ER PT J AU Zhang, JG Dubay, MR Houtman, CJ Severtson, SJ AF Zhang, Jiguang Dubay, Matthew R. Houtman, Carl J. Severtson, Steven J. TI Sulfonated Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly in Water, and Application as Stabilizer in Emulsion Polymerization SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; ACID) DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE; SOLUTION BEHAVIOR; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SOLUBLE POLYMERS; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; MICELLES; ACRYLATE AB Described is the synthesis of diblock copolymers generated via sequential atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) followed by chain augmentation with either sulfonated poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) or poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) blocks. ATRP of PHEMA or PHEA from PnBA macroinitiator was conducted in acetone/methanol 50:50 (v/v) and produced diblock copolymers of low PDI (< 1.3). Hydroxyl functional groups were converted to sulfonate through esterification using excess 2-sulfobenzoic acid cyclic anhydride (SBA). TEM images of aqueous block copolymer solutions reveal an array of polymer micelle morphologies including monodisperse spheres, cylinders, and cylinder aggregates. Surface tensions and critical micelle concentrations appear to be dependent more on hydrophile structure as opposed to its length. Application of the synthesized block copolymers as stabilizers for batch emulsion polymerization of n-butyl acrylate showed the polymeric surfactant effectively stabilizes latex particles and produces a lower polydispersity when compared with commonly applied commercial emulsifiers. C1 [Zhang, Jiguang; Dubay, Matthew R.; Severtson, Steven J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Houtman, Carl J.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Severtson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, 2004 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sever018@umn.edu RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 FU U.S. Postal Service, Stamp Acquisition and Distribution FX This research was financially supported in part by a grant from the U.S. Postal Service, Stamp Acquisition and Distribution. Parts of this work were carried out in the University of Minnesota I.T. Characterization Facility, which receives partial support from NSF through the NNIN program. We also thank Dr. Guizhen Xu for her assistance with the confocal Raman spectroscopy analysis and Professor Chun Wang for the use of his DLS instrument. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 28 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5080 EP 5090 DI 10.1021/ma900795f PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 473AP UT WOS:000268175800025 ER PT J AU Chen, GJ Zhou, JF Park, B Xu, BQ AF Chen, Guojun Zhou, Jianfeng Park, Bosoon Xu, Bingqian TI Single ricin detection by atomic force microscopy chemomechanical mapping SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; bonds (chemical); dissociation; molecular biophysics; molecular configurations; proteins ID RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEINS; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; SPECTROSCOPY; AFM; LOCALIZATION; IMMUNOASSAY; CHEMISTRY; BIOLOGY; EVENTS AB The authors report on a study of detecting ricin molecules immobilized on chemically modified Au (111) surface by chemomechanically mapping the molecular interactions with a chemically modified atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip. AFM images resolved the different fold-up conformations of single ricin molecule as well as their intramolecule structure of A- and B-chains. AFM force spectroscopy study of the interaction indicates that the unbinding force has a linear relation with the logarithmic force loading rate, which agrees well with calculations using one-barrier bond dissociation model. C1 [Chen, Guojun; Zhou, Jianfeng; Xu, Bingqian] Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Single Mol Study Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Chen, Guojun; Zhou, Jianfeng; Xu, Bingqian] Univ Georgia, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Park, Bosoon] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Chen, GJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Single Mol Study Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bxu@engr.uga.edu RI Zhou, Jianfeng/B-4888-2011 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS 0823849] FX We thank Stuart Lindsay and Hongda Wang for their help in understanding the AFM recognition imaging experimental technique. We also thank Anna Jagielska for useful discussion. We gratefully acknowledge National Science Foundation (Grant No. ECCS 0823849) for financial support. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 4 AR 043103 DI 10.1063/1.3190197 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 478TT UT WOS:000268611900047 ER PT J AU Moulton, K Ryan, P Lay, D Willard, S AF Moulton, Keesla Ryan, Peter Lay, Donald Willard, Scott TI Photonic plasmid stability of transformed Salmonella Typhimurium: A comparison of three unique plasmids SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME; BIOLUMINESCENCE; EXPRESSION; GENES; MODEL AB Background: Acquiring a highly stable photonic plasmid in transformed Salmonella Typhimurium for use in biophotonic studies of bacterial tracking in vivo is critical to experimental paradigm development. The objective of this study was to determine stability of transformed Salmonella Typhimurium (S. typh-lux) using three different plasmids and characterize their respective photonic properties. Results: In presence of ampicillin (AMP), S. typh-lux with pCGLS-1, pAK1-lux and pXEN-1 plasmids exhibited 100% photon-emitting colonies over a 10-d study period. Photon emitters of S. typh-lux with pCGLS-1, pAK1-lux and pXEN-1 without AMP selection decreased over time (P < 0.05), representing only 11 +/- 1%, 35 +/- 1% and 43 +/- 1%, respectively, of original photon emitting properties of the bacterial population by d 10. Photonic emissions were positively correlated with bacterial concentration (P < 0.05) for pAK1-lux, pCGLS-1 and pXEN-1 (r = 0.96, 0.98 and 0.82, respectively). When stratified by high, medium and low density bacteria concentrations, photonic emissions for high density populations containing pAK1-lux, pCGLS-1 and pXEN-1 resulted in differences of photonic emissions across a range of bacterial concentrations (1 x 10(7) to 1 x 10(9) CFU, P < 0.05) with positive correlations (P < 0.05) of (r = 0.72, 0.46 and 0.72, respectively). The correlation of photonic emissions with bacterial concentrations for samples with medium and low density bacteria (pAK1-lux, pCGLS-1, and pXEN-1 plasmids) imaged in tubes were also positively correlated (medium; r = 0.69, 0.49, 0.46, low; r = 0.90, 0.71, 0.68, respectively; P > 0.05); although photonic emissions across a range of bacterial concentrations were not different (1 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(6) CFU, P > 0.05). For very low density bacterial concentrations imaged in 96 well plates photonic emissions were positively correlated with bacterial concentration (P < 0.05) for pAK1-lux, pCGLS1, and pXEN-1 plasmids (r = 0.99, 0.99, and 0.96, respectively), and photonic emissions across a range of bacterial concentrations (1 x 10(3) to 1 x 10(5) CFU) low to high were different in the 96-well plate format (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These data characterize photon stability properties for S. typh-lux transformed with three different photon generating plasmids that may facilitate real-time Salmonella tracking using in vivo or in situ biophotonic paradigms. C1 [Moulton, Keesla; Ryan, Peter; Willard, Scott] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Lay, Donald] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Willard, S (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Box 9815, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM kmoulton@ads.msstate.edu; pryan@ads.msstate.edu; Don.Lay@ars.usda.gov; swillard@ads.msstate.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-6402-3-0120] FX This work was supported by grants from USDA-ARS-funded Biophotonics Initiative #58-6402-3-0120. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences and the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station for study resource support. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JUL 27 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 152 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-9-152 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479OG UT WOS:000268669200001 PM 19635131 ER PT J AU Liu, KS AF Liu, KeShun TI Some factors affecting sieving performance and efficiency SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Size separation; Flour; Powder; Reverse sieving; Screening; Sieve blinding ID FLOUR PARTICLE-SIZE; QUALITY AB Sieving or screening has been the oldest yet most important unit operation for industrial separation of solid particles or as a laboratory method in size analysis. A stack of sieves with decreasing mesh size is usually used. Alternatively, particles can be sifted in a fine to coarse order by multiple sieving steps with each step using a single sieve. The latter is referred to as reverse sieve method. This study compared the two methods for sieving performance and efficiency using flours made from soft white and hard white wheat, hulless barley and medium grain rice. Additional factors, including milling method (impact vs. abrasive), flour moisture (7% vs. 11%), duration of sieving (60 vs. 120 min), and tapping (percussion during sieving), were also investigated. Mass frequency and protein content of oversize fractions were measured. Results show that all the variables and their interactions had significant effects on sieving performance and efficiency. Among them, tapping was most important, followed by sieving duration, sieving method, milling method, flour type, and flour moisture. When other conditions were equal, the reverse sieve method always gave improved sieving efficiency over the stacked sieve method. The observation can be attributed to the beneficial effect of oversized particles on reducing sieve blinding by near or sub-sieve sized particles. Furthermore, the reverse sieve method also expanded the difference in protein content among sieved fractions. Because of its practical significance, this so far unreported effect would bear further confirmation of other sieving and screening conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grams & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grams & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Keshun.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD JUL 25 PY 2009 VL 193 IS 2 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2009.03.027 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 452IB UT WOS:000266532500013 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Xu, De-Hai Shoemaker, Craig A. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Enhanced mortality in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus following coinfections with ichthyophthiriasis and streptococcosis SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Coinfections; Mortality; Nile tilapia; Ichthyophthirius; Streptococcus; Immersion ID MULTIFILIIS; INFECTION; INIAE; L.; PUNCTATUS; IMMUNITY; SALMON; BASS; FISH AB Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet (Ich) and Streptococcus iniae are 2 major pathogens of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L). Currently there is no information available for the effect of coinfection by Ich and S. iniae on fish. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of parasite load and Ich development size on fish mortality following S. iniae infection. Low mortality (<= 20%) was observed in tilapia exposed to Ich or S. iniae alone. Mortalities increased from 38% in tilapia exposed to Ich at 10000 theronts fish(-1) to 88% in fish at 20000 theronts fish(-1) following S. iniae exposure. The median days to death were significantly fewer (7 d) in fish exposed to Ich at 20000 theronts fish(-1) than fish exposed to 10000 theronts fish(-1) (10 d). A positive correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.83) was noted between tilapia mortality and size of Ich trophonts at the time of S. iniae challenge. Fish parasitized with well-developed trophonts (Day 4, 2 x 10(7) mu m(3) in volume) suffered higher mortality (47.5%) than fish (10.0%) infested by young trophonts (Hour 4, 1.3 x 10(4) mu m(3) in volume) after S. iniae challenge. The results of this study demonstrated that both parasite load and trophont size increased susceptibility and mortality of tilapia to S. iniae infection. C1 [Xu, De-Hai; Shoemaker, Craig A.; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dehai.xu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-022-00D] FX We are grateful to Dr. K. Nusbaum, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, and Dr. J. Bebak, USDA, ARS, Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, for valuable comments to improve the manuscript. We thank J. Mladek, P. Mumma, and C. Day for their excellent help in the laboratory and fish facilities. This research was supported by USDA/ARS CRIS fund 6420-32000-022-00D. Mention of trade or manufacturer names is solely for providing specific information and does not imply endorsement by the USDA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 23 PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.3354/dao02073 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 484EM UT WOS:000269026400004 PM 19750806 ER PT J AU Tague, C Grant, GE AF Tague, Christina Grant, Gordon E. TI Groundwater dynamics mediate low-flow response to global warming in snow-dominated alpine regions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; CLIMATE; HYDROLOGY; MODEL; WATER; TRANSPIRATION; RAINFALL; IMPACTS; OREGON AB In mountain environments, spatial and temporal patterns of snow accumulation and melt are dominant controls on hydrologic responses to climate change. In this paper, we develop a simple conceptual model that links the timing of peak snowmelt with geologically mediated differences in rate of streamflow recession. This model demonstrates that within the western United States, spatial differences in subsurface drainage rates can exacerbate summer streamflow losses associated with diminishing snowpacks. Application of a process-based hydrologic model to four watersheds in the Western Cordillera further reveals that contingent on timing of snowmelt, slower draining watersheds are likely to have more water in summer but paradoxically are subject to the greatest summer water losses under a 1.5 degrees C warming scenario. A slow draining watershed located in the young volcanic arc of the High Cascades in Oregon shows 4 times the summer streamflow reduction when compared with faster draining watersheds with similar timing of peak snowmelt. On the other hand, watersheds where snowmelt occurs late in the season but have little groundwater influence show high relative sensitivities to snowpack changes due to warming, as shown by a high-elevation granitic Sierran watershed. Our results highlight the importance of geological factors in interpreting hydrologic response to climate change and argue for a geoclimatic framework to guide the design of monitoring networks that will become the basis for assessing climate change impacts in mountain regions throughout the globe. C1 [Tague, Christina] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Grant, Gordon E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Tague, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 4516 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM ctague@bren.ucsb.edu FU USGS [04CRAG0004/4004CS0001]; Eugene Water and Electric Board; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We gratefully thank manuscript reviewers for their helpful comments. We also thank Sarah Lewis for her contributions to figure production and her many helpful editorial comments. We acknowledge funding support from the Western Mountain Initiative, funded by the USGS under contract 04CRAG0004/4004CS0001, the Eugene Water and Electric Board, and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 39 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 23 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W07421 DI 10.1029/2008WR007179 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 475KS UT WOS:000268358000001 ER PT J AU Cook, D Gardner, DR Welch, KD Roper, JM Ralphs, MH Green, BT AF Cook, Daniel Gardner, Dale R. Welch, Kevin D. Roper, Jessie M. Ralphs, Michael H. Green, Benedict T. TI Quantitative PCR Method To Measure the Fungal Endophyte in Locoweeds SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Swainsonine; locoweed; endophyte; qPCR ID CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; SWAINSONA-CANESCENS; ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE; ASTRAGALUS; OXYTROPIS; SHEEP; SPP. AB A fungal endophyte (Undifilum oxytropis) has been implicated in the synthesis of swainsonine in Oxytropis and Astragalus species, commonly known as locoweeds. A quantitative PCR method has been developed to measure the amount of endophyte in Oxytropis and Astragalus species. The limit of quantitation was estimated to be 0.2 pg of endophyte/ng of total DNA. This method of analysis was used to quantify the amount of endophyte in 10 plants each of Oxytropis sericea (white point locoweed), Astragalus mollissimus (wooly locoweed), and Astragalus lentiginosus (spotted locoweed). A significant amount of individual plant variability was observed in endophyte content among individuals in all three species. In one O. sericea and one A. lentiginosus plant swainsonine concentrations were near or below the limit of detection. These plants also had the lowest amounts of endophyte when compared to the other specimens. This method will be a useful tool in further investigating the role the endophyte plays in swainsonine production in various locoweed species. C1 [Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.; Welch, Kevin D.; Roper, Jessie M.; Ralphs, Michael H.; Green, Benedict T.] Agr Res Serv, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Cook, D (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 East,1400 North, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM daniel.cook@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 22 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 14 BP 6050 EP 6054 DI 10.1021/jf901028z PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 472NF UT WOS:000268138100009 PM 19545150 ER PT J AU Pierucci, VRM Tilley, M Graybosch, RA Blechl, AE Bean, SR Tilley, KA AF Pierucci, Valquiria R. M. Tilley, Michael Graybosch, Robert A. Blechl, Ann E. Bean, Scott R. Tilley, Katherine A. TI Effects of Overexpression of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit 1Dy10 on Wheat Tortilla Properties SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Wheat tortilla quality; high molecular weight glutenin subunit; HMW-GS; protein overexpression ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; END-USE QUALITY; FLOUR TORTILLAS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; TEXTURAL PROPERTIES; 1BL/1RS TRANSLOCATION; 1B/1R TRANSLOCATION; PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; RYE TRANSLOCATION; MIXING PROPERTIES AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour properties necessary for optimal tortilla production have not been identified. Transgenic wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) overexpressing high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 1Dy10 were used to make tortilla and their quality was evaluated. The level of HMW-GS 1Dy10 in flours derived from transgenic wheats was 2.5-5.8-fold greater than in controls. Polymeric proteins in the transgenic samples had a molecular weight distribution shifted toward larger polymers as indicated by increased levels of polymeric proteins present and greater M(w) averages of the largest fractions in the insoluble polymeric proteins. Dough derived from transgenic wheats had greater resistance to extension and lower extensibility than controls. Tortilla quality evaluation revealed that tortillas originated from transgenic wheats had decreased diameter, greater thickness and rupture force, and lower rollability scores and stretchability than controls. The presence of 1RS chromosomal translocations from rye (Secale cereale L.) in transgenic wheat decreased the negative effects of overexpression of HMW-GS 1Dy10, as tortillas made with this flour mostly exhibited quality properties similar to those made from control flour. Results suggested that the negative effects of overexpression of HMW-GS 1Dy10 on tortilla properties were derived from a nonideal gluten matrix formation. C1 [Tilley, Michael; Bean, Scott R.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Pierucci, Valquiria R. M.; Tilley, Katherine A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Graybosch, Robert A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Blechl, Ann E.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tilley, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM michael.tilley@ars.usda.gov OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 22 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 14 BP 6318 EP 6326 DI 10.1021/jf900629s PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 472NF UT WOS:000268138100046 PM 19537784 ER PT J AU Lovelace, ML Hoagland, RE Talbert, RE Scherder, EF AF Lovelace, Michael L. Hoagland, Robert E. Talbert, Ronald E. Scherder, Eric F. TI Influence of Simulated Quinclorac Drift on the Accumulation and Movement of Herbicide in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Plants SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; tomato; auxin-type herbicide; food contamination; off-target drift; quinclorac; quinoline carboxylic acid; yield reduction; 3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; FIELD BINDWEED; TRANSLOCATION; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; GROWTH; 2,4-D; RATES; STAGE AB Quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-B-quinolinecarboxylic acid) is a herbicide commonly used in rice, and its drift has been suspected of causing injury to off-target tomato fields throughout Arkansas. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of single and multiple simulated quinclorac drift applications on tomato plant growth and development. Residues extracted from tomato plants treated with 0.42 g of ai ha(-1) were below the detection limit of liquid chromatography-double mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Quinclorac residue levels and half-lives in tomato tissue increased as the application rate and number of applications increased. From 3 to 72 h after (14)C-quinclorac treatment of plants, most of the absorbed (14)C was retained in the treated leaf, and translocations of (14)C out of the treated leaf of vegetative and flowering tomato plant tissues were similar. Of the (14)C that translocated out of the treated leaf, the greatest movement was acropetally. The flower cluster contained 1% of the total absorbed (14)C, which suggests the potential for quinclorac translocation into tomato fruit. More extensive research will be required to understand the impact that quinclorac may have on tomato production in the area. C1 [Hoagland, Robert E.] ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Lovelace, Michael L.; Talbert, Ronald E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Scherder, Eric F.] CPRD US No Crops, Huxley, IA 50124 USA. RP Hoagland, RE (reprint author), ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bob.hoagland@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 22 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 14 BP 6349 EP 6355 DI 10.1021/jf803845p PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 472NF UT WOS:000268138100050 PM 19537789 ER PT J AU Li, W Lewandowski, DJ Hilf, ME Adkins, S AF Li, Weimin Lewandowski, Dennis J. Hilf, Mark E. Adkins, Scott TI Identification of domains of the Tomato spotted wilt virus NSm protein involved in tubule formation, movement and symptomatology SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tospovirus; TSWV; Tobamovirus; TMV; NSm; Tubule; Movement protein; Symptom ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; CELL-TO-CELL; LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORT; PLANT-VIRUSES; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; DEFECTIVE RNAS; COAT PROTEIN; COILED COILS; INSECT CELLS AB Deletion and alanine-substitution mutants of the Tomato spotted wilt virus NSm protein were generated to identify domains involved in tubule formation, movement and symptomatology using a heterologous Tobacco mosaic virus expression system. Two regions of NSm, G(19)-S(159) and G(209)-V(283), were required for both tubule formation in protoplasts and cell-to-cell movement in plants, indicating a correlation between these activities. Three amino acid groups, D(154), EYKK(205-208) and EEEEE(284-288) were linked with long-distance movement in Nicotiona benthamiana. EEEEE(284-288) was essential for NSm-mediated long-distance movement, whereas D(154) was essential for tubule formation and cell-to-cell movement; indicating separate genetic controls for cell-to-cell and long-distance movement. The region I(57)-N(100) was identified as the determinant of foliar necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana, and mutagenesis of HH(93-94) greatly reduced necrosis. These findings are likely applicable to other tospovirus species, especially those within the 'New World' group as NSm sequences are highly conserved. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hilf, Mark E.; Adkins, Scott] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Li, Weimin] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Lewandowski, Dennis J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM scott.adkins@ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 20 PY 2009 VL 390 IS 1 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.04.027 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 473OX UT WOS:000268218200013 PM 19481775 ER PT J AU Liang, SM Liu, LS Huang, QR Yam, KL AF Liang, Songmiao Liu, Linshu Huang, Qingrong Yam, Kit L. TI Preparation of single or double-network chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) gel films through selectively cross-linking method SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol); Cross-linking; Double-network; Borate; Tripolyphosphate ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH; DRUG-CONTROLLED-RELEASE; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS; CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; EDIBLE FILMS; BLEND FILMS; IN-VITRO AB A selectively cross-linking method, which is based on the "di-diol" interaction between poly(vinyl alcohol) and borate and the strong electrostatic interaction between chitosan and tripolyphosphate, was developed. Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) films cross-linked separately with borate, tripolyphosphate and borate/tripolyphosphate were then prepared in terms of this method. Water vapor permeation, mechanical strength, surface morphology and molecular interactions of the films were studied by water permeation test, texture test, atomic force microscopy and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. With the introduction of cross-linking structure, there is a large improvement in elastic modulus from 271 +/- 14.2 to 551 +/- 14.7 MPa and a large decrease in water vapor permeability from (5.41 +/- 0.21) x 10(-7) g/m h Pa to (3.12 +/- 0.24) x 10(-7) g/m h Pa of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) films. The surface morphology of the cross-linked films exhibits a nanoparticle aggregation structure. The size and aggregation behavior of these nanoparticles are strongly related to the type of cross-linker. Furthermore, ATR-MR results indicate that strong interaction between polymer matrix and cross-linker exists in our system. This work provides a simple and efficient way to prepare chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) films with controllable network structure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liang, Songmiao; Huang, Qingrong; Yam, Kit L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Liu, Linshu] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yam, KL (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM yam@aesop.rutgers.edu FU National Research Initiative [2006-35503-17568]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Program on Improving Food Quality and Value FX We thank Dr. Jozef Kokini for the use of texture instruments. This work was supported by National Research Initiative Grant 2006-35503-17568 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Program on Improving Food Quality and Value. NR 40 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JUL 19 PY 2009 VL 77 IS 4 BP 718 EP 724 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.02.007 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 460LA UT WOS:000267188000004 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Portilla, M Abel, CA Winters, H Ford, R Streett, D AF Blanco, Carlos A. Portilla, Maribel Abel, Craig A. Winters, Henry Ford, Rosie Streett, Doug TI Soybean flour and wheat germ proportions in artificial diet and their effect on the growth rates of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tobacco budworm; intrinsic rate of increase; development time; fertility; longevity; diet preparation and cost ID LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE AB Soybean flour and wheat germ are the two most important protein components of wheat germ-based insect artificial diets. The effect of modifying the proportion of these two ingredients in a Noctuidae-specific diet was investigated utilizing the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with the goal of developing a suboptimal diet that, without drastically affecting this insect's growth and reproductive rates, could manifest subtle negative effects in this insect. The original diet formula contained 2.51% protein. When the proportions of soybean flour and wheat germ were changed to 2.15% protein the net reproductive rate of the first generation was significantly lower. In the second generation, the net reproductive rate, development time, percent female survivorship, fertility, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase and female longevity were significantly lower in both the 2.15% and 2.26% protein diets. The survival rate of immatures to the adult stage was 1% in the 2.05% protein diet in the first generation. Interestingly, females exposed to these suboptimal diets produced a significantly higher number of eggs but the survival of their larvae was significantly reduced. It is evident from these results that modifications to the protein content and the nutrient composition profile of the original wheat germ-based insect artificial formula can be used to produce subtle negative effects on the growth of tobacco budworm. C1 [Blanco, Carlos A.; Abel, Craig A.; Winters, Henry; Ford, Rosie] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Portilla, Maribel; Streett, Doug] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pest Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM carlos.blanco@ars.usda.gov; maribel.portilla@ars.usda.gov; craig.abel@ars.usda.gov; henry.winters@ars.usda.gov; rosie.ford@ars.usda.gov; doug.street@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JUL 17 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 59 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 473BF UT WOS:000268177800001 ER PT J AU Davis, KB AF Davis, Kenneth B. TI Age at puberty of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, controlled by thermoperiod SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Channel catfish; Puberty; Spawning ID SALMO-SALAR L; ATLANTIC SALMON; EARLY MATURITY; AMAGO SALMON; PINEAL-GLAND; MATURATION; PARR; CAPTIVITY; GROWTH; BASS AB One of the major difficulties in selecting for superior traits for the culture of channel catfish is that most fish do not breed until they are three years old. This study was designed to decrease the time necessary to achieve puberty in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Channel catfish, held under a shortened annual temperature cycle of four months of 26 C water followed by two months of 13-14 C temperature spawned at a higher rate (73%) after three temperature cycles than fish held in outdoor ponds on two normal seasonal temperature cycles (10%) or fish raised in tanks supplied with constant 26 degrees C water (3%). The fish were exposed to constant light in tanks until they were about 22 months old when they were stocked into outdoor spawning ponds with spawning containers. Fish held in constant warm water weighed about 1200 g and were significantly heavier than fish from the other two groups (about 600 g) when stocked into spawning ponds. Spawns from tank raised fish were significantly heavier than spawns from fish held in ponds and the shortened annual temperature cycled fish. These data suggest that the onset of the first reproductive period (puberty) is a developmental event that requires three cycles of warm and cold periods, and that weight and photoperiod have little influence on the onset of puberty. Plublished by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Kenneth.davis@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 292 IS 3-4 BP 244 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.023 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 465YK UT WOS:000267626600015 ER PT J AU Cullum, RF AF Cullum, R. F. TI Macropore flow estimations under no-till and till systems SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Macropore flow; Tillage system; Preferential flow; Fragipan ID SILT LOAM SOIL; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SUBSURFACE DRAIN; WATER-MOVEMENT; PESTICIDE; TRANSPORT; IMPACT; TRACERS AB The processes associated with water movement through silt loam soils involve both the flow through macropores as preferential flow or macropore flow and flow through the micropore as matrix flow. Macropore and matrix flow components were separated from total flow by a hydrograph-separation technique which used the assumption of dual porosity and a tracer mass balance. A mixture of potassium bromide was applied through a rain simulator to four plots in northern Mississippi in two rain events at 12.7 mm/h lasting 5 and 3 h separated by 6 h. The plots were either tilled or no-tilled with drains installed by two methods at the surface of the fragipan. The magnitude of water and bromide (Br(-)) transported by macropore flow to a drain line were estimated and the resulting hydrographs provided an indication of the potential significance of macropore flow in transporting water and non-reactive chemicals through macropores to the shallow groundwater system. Matrix flow appears to contribute the majority of the water moving to the drains even during the early stages of the drain flow hydrographs. The no-till plots produced more macropore flow than the tilled plots, independent of how the drains were installed. Macropore flow in the drainage at any time was small as compared to the matrix flow; however it contributed a disproportionate amount of Br(-) tracer. These data support the concept that models used to predict mass balances using only the matrix (Darcian) flow will underestimate those chemicals that move like bromide into the soil profile. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Cullum, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM bobby.cullum@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 78 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2009.03.004 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 444PW UT WOS:000265993900009 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Pouyat, RV AF Groffman, Peter M. Pouyat, Richard V. TI Methane Uptake in Urban Forests and Lawns SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RURAL GRADIENT; CH4 UPTAKE; SOILS; DEPOSITION AB The largest natural biological sink for the radiatively active trace gas methane (CH(4)) is bacteria in soils that consume CH4 as an energy and carbon source. This sink has been shown to be sensitive to nitrogen (N) inputs and alterations of soil physical conditions. Given this sensitivity, conversion of native ecosystems to urban, suburban, and exurban managed lawns thus has potential to affect regional CH4 budgets. We measured CH(4) fluxes monthly from four urban forest four rural forest and four urban lawn plots in the Baltimore, MD, metropolitan area from 2001 to 2005. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of urban atmospheric and land use change on CH(4) uptake and the importance of these changes relative to other greenhouse forcings in the urban landscape. Rural forests had a high capacity for CH(4) uptake (1.68 mg m(-2) day(-1)). This capacity was reduced in urban forests (0.23 mg m(-1) day(-1)) and almost completely eliminated in lawns. Possible mechanisms for these reductions include increases in atmospheric N deposition and CO(2) levels, fertilization of lawns, and alteration of soil physical conditions that influence diffusion. Although conversion of native forests to lawns had dramatic effects on CH(4) uptake, these effects do not appear to be significant to statewide greenhouse gas forcing. C1 [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Pouyat, Richard V.] US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM groffmanp@caryinstitute.org FU National Science Foundation LTER [DEB-9714835, DEB-0423476]; Northern Research Station; U.S. Forest Service FX This research was Supported by the National Science Foundation LTER program (Grants DEB-9714835 and DEB-0423476) and the Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service. The City of Baltimore Department of Parks and Recreation and Department of Public Works, the Baltimore County Department of Parks, and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources all kindly provided access or management of land for our studies. The authors thank Jessica Hopkins, Alex Kalejs, Emilie Stander, Nathan Forand, Alan Lorefice, Evan Grant, Dan Dillon, Lisa Martel, Sabrina LaFave, and David Lewis for help with field sampling and laboratory and data analysis. NR 56 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 7 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 14 BP 5229 EP 5235 DI 10.1021/es803720h PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 472NE UT WOS:000268138000013 PM 19708346 ER PT J AU Lee, J Scagel, CF AF Lee, Jungmin Scagel, Carolyn F. TI Chicoric acid found in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phenolics; Cichoric acid; Caffeic acid derivatives; Dicaffeoyltartaric acid; Lamiaceae; Glomus intraradices ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ECHINACEA-PURPUREA; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; CICHORIC ACID; AERIAL PARTS; LAMIACEAE; EXTRACTS AB This is the first report to identify the presence of chicoric acid (cichoric acid: also known as dicaffeoyltartaric acid, which is a caffeic acid derivatized with tartaric acid) in basil leaves. Rosmarinic acid, chicoric acid and caftaric acid (in the order of most abundant to least; all derivatives of caffeic acid) were identified in fresh basil leaves. Rosmarinic acid was the main phenolic compound found in both leaves and stems. Chicoric acid was not detected in sweet basil stems, although a small amount was present in Thai basil stems. Other cinnamic acid monomers, dimers and trimers were also found in minor quantities in both stems and leaves, Basil polyphenolic contents were determined by blanched methanol extraction. followed by HPLC/DAD analysis. The characterization of the polyphenolics found in the basil extracts were performed by HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS/MS and co-chromatographed with purchased standard. The influence of inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Glomus intraradices, on plant phenolic composition was studied on two basil cultivars,'Genovese Italian' and 'Purple Petra'. Inoculation with AMF increased total anthocyanin concentration of 'Purple Petra' but did not alter polyphenolic content or profile of leaves and stems, of either cultivar, compared to non-inoculated plants. In the US diet, basil presents a more accessible Source of chicoric acid than does Echinacea purpurea, in which it is the major phenolic compound. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Jungmin] ARS, USDA, PWA, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Scagel, Carolyn F.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PWA, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, 29603 U 1 Lane, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jungmin.lee@ars.usda.gov; carolyn.scagel@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 45 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 115 IS 2 BP 650 EP 656 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.075 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 426DH UT WOS:000264687500041 ER PT J AU Morgan, CLS Waiser, TH Brown, DJ Hallmark, CT AF Morgan, Cristine L. S. Waiser, Travis H. Brown, David J. Hallmark, C. Tom TI Simulated in situ characterization of soil organic and inorganic carbon with visible near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; In situ; VisNIR; PLS regression; Organic carbon content; Inorganic carbon content ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; MOISTURE; SEQUESTRATION; PREDICTION; MINERALS; MATTER; FIELD; CLAY AB Visible and near-infrared (VisNIR 400-2500 nm) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a rapid, inexpensive sensing method that has shown promise for lab-based soil characterization. However, little has been reported on how DRS will work in a field setting on intact soil cores. Seventy-two soil cores, representing 21 soil series and four parent materials, were extracted from six fields in Central Texas. Each soil core was scanned with a VisNIR spectrometer with a spectral range of 350-2500 nm in four combinations of moisture content and pre-treatment, including field-moist intact, air-dried intact, field-moist smeared intact, and air-dried ground. Visible near-infrared spectra were then used to predict soil organic and inorganic carbon (C) using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The PLS model was validated with 30% of the original soil cores that were randomly selected and withheld from the calibration model. The organic C validation had a root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of 5.4 g kg(-1) and 4.1 g kg(-1) for the field-moist and air-dried intact scans, respectively. The RMSD values for inorganic C were 8.7 g kg(-1) and 7.8 g kg(-1) for the field-moist and air-dried intact scans, respectively. Smearing the samples had minimal effects on prediction accuracies for organic and inorganic C. Variable soil moisture did reduce prediction accuracies. Soil color, pH, and soil reaction to 1 N HCL were added as auxiliary predictors. Soil color improved organic C predictions by 0.2 to 0.4 g kg(-1). The field-moist intact inorganic C model improved with soil color (RMSD = 8.0 g kg(-1)), soil pH (8.3 g kg(-1)), and soil reaction to HCl (6.5 g kg(-1)). These results show that in situ spectroscopy can measure organic and inorganic C with some loss of accuracy compared to dried ground samples. In inorganic C predictions, an easy-to-measure auxiliary variable, like soil reaction with 1 N HCl, can improve in situ predictions compared to dried ground predictions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Morgan, Cristine L. S.; Hallmark, C. Tom] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Waiser, Travis H.] USDA NRCS Soil Survey, Bryan, TX 77802 USA. [Brown, David J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morgan, CLS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 370 Olsen Blvd, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM cmorgan@ag.tamu.edu; travis.waiser@tx.usda.gov; david_brown@wsu.edu; hallmark@ag.tamu.edu RI Brown, David/A-2002-2009; Morgan, Cristine`/A-1555-2013 OI Morgan, Cristine`/0000-0001-9836-0669 FU Texas Water Resource Institute; Texas Agrilife Research FX The authors would like to thank the Texas Water Resource Institute and the Texas Agrilife Research for financial support. We would also like to thank the land owners for their corroboration and allowing us to take soil samples from their property. The extension agents from Erath and Comanche County, Texas were instrumental in putting us in contact with the land owners. We appreciate the work the Texas A&M University Soil Characterization Lab did in running the laboratory analysis especially Dr. Richard Drees and Ms. Donna Prochaska. NR 36 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.04.010 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 470XU UT WOS:000268016600022 ER PT J AU Bosma, WB Schnupf, U Willett, JL Momany, FA AF Bosma, Wayne B. Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Momany, Frank A. TI Density functional study of the infrared spectrum of glucose and glucose monohydrates in the OH stretch region SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE B3LYP; Glucose; Hydrogen bonding; Infrared spectroscopy; Monohydrates ID ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; GAS-PHASE; B3LYP/6-311++G-ASTERISK-ASTERISK LEVEL; STEPWISE HYDRATION; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DFT METHODS; SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATION AB Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to calculate the structures and infrared spectra of glucose and glucose monohydrates. Both alpha- and beta-anomers were studied, including all hydroxymethyl rotamers (gg, gt, and tg) and both hydroxyl orientations (clockwise c and counter-clockwise r). A total of 69 glucose monohydrates were studied. The lowest-energy monohydrates correspond to complexes that require little distortion of the glucose structure in order to accommodate the water molecule. As was found in vacuum glucose calculations, the lowest-energy alpha-anomer is more stable than the lowest-energy beta-anomer for the monohydrates. The vibrational modes of the infrared spectrum studied here are in the OH stretch region (3300-3800 cm(-1)). Peaks in the spectra produced by the hydroxymethyl rotamer when in the tg conformation, are generally red-shifted by similar to 30 cm(-1) relative to the peak location when in the gt and gg rotamer states. A second signature red-shift (also similar to 30 cm(-1)) is found to characterize the glucose alpha-anomers relative to the beta-anomer. The extent to which the hydroxyl peaks are conformation dependent depends strongly on the location of the water molecule. DFT calculations on specific phenyl-glucose derivatives allow comparison to recent experimental studies on the OH stretch region of these molecules and their monohydrates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schnupf, Udo; Willett, J. L.; Momany, Frank A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bosma, Wayne B.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frank.momany@ars.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 905 IS 1-3 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.03.013 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 459NL UT WOS:000267109600010 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RE Townsend, PA Gross, JE Cohen, WB Bolstad, P Wang, YQ Adams, P AF Kennedy, Robert E. Townsend, Philip A. Gross, John E. Cohen, Warren B. Bolstad, Paul Wang, Y. Q. Adams, Phyllis TI Remote sensing change detection tools for natural resource managers: Understanding concepts and tradeoffs in the design of landscape monitoring projects SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Monitoring; Change detection; Natural resource management; Landscape ecology; Protected areas ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; MAP ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; CHANGE-VECTOR ANALYSIS; SENSED DATA; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; NORTH-CAROLINA; CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY AB Remote sensing provides a broad view of landscapes and can be consistent through time, making it an important tool for monitoring and managing protected areas. An impediment to broader use of remote sensing science for monitoring has been the need for resource managers to understand the specialized capabilities of an ever-expanding array of image sources and analysis techniques. Here, we provide guidelines that will enable land managers to more effectively collaborate with remote sensing scientists to develop and apply remote sensing science to achieve monitoring objectives. We first describe fundamental characteristics of remotely sensed data and change detection analysis that affect the types and range of phenomena that can be tracked. Using that background, we describe four general steps in natural resource remote sensing projects: image and reference data acquisition, pre-processing, analysis, and evaluation. We emphasize the practical considerations that arise in each of these steps. We articulate a four-phase process that guides natural resource and remote sensing specialists through a collaborative process to articulate goals, evaluate data and options for image processing, refine or eliminate unrealistic paths, and assess the cost and utility of different options. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kennedy, Robert E.; Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Townsend, Philip A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gross, John E.] Natl Pk Serv, Off Inventory Monitoring & Evaluat, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Bolstad, Paul] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wang, Y. Q.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Adams, Phyllis] US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Kennedy, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Robert.kennedy@oregonstate.edu RI Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008 OI Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774 NR 152 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 7 BP 1382 EP 1396 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.018 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 455DJ UT WOS:000266736900005 ER PT J AU Dierking, EC Bilyeu, KD AF Dierking, Emily C. Bilyeu, Kristin D. TI New sources of soybean seed meal and oil composition traits identified through TILLING SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-OLEIC-ACID; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; INDUCED MUTATIONS; GENE DUPLICATION; POINT MUTATIONS; LINOLENIC ACIDS; DESATURASE; PALEOPOLYPLOIDY; TRANSFORMATION; POPULATION AB Background: Several techniques are available to study gene function, but many are less than ideal for soybean. Reverse genetics, a relatively new approach, can be utilized to identify novel mutations in candidate genes; this technique has not produced an allelic variant with a confirmed phenotype in soybean. Soybean raffinose synthase genes and microsomal omega-6 fatty acid desaturase genes were screened for novel alleles in mutagenized soybean populations. Results: Four mutations in independent lines were identified in the raffinose synthase gene RS2; two mutations resulted in amino acid mutations and one resulted in an altered seed oligosaccharide phenotype. The resulting phenotype was an increase in seed sucrose levels as well as a decrease in both raffinose and stachyose seed oligosaccharide levels. Three mutations in independent lines were identified in the omega-6 fatty acid desaturase gene FAD2-1A; all three mutations resulted in missense amino acid mutations and one resulted in an altered seed fatty acid profile that led to an increase in oleic acid and a decrease in linoleic acid in the seed oil. Conclusion: The oligosaccharide phenotype controlled by the novel RS2 allele is similar to previously observed seed oligosaccharide phenotypes in RS2 mutant (PI 200508) allele-containing lines. Due to the anti-nutritional characteristics of raffinose and stachyose, this represents a positive change in seed composition. The fatty acid phenotype controlled by the novel FAD2-1A allele controls an increase in oleic acid in the seed oil, a phenotype also observed in a line previously characterized to have a null allele of the FAD2-1A gene. Molecular marker assays were developed to reliably detect the inheritance of the mutant alleles and can be used in efficient breeding for these desired seed phenotypes. Our results serve as the first demonstration of the identification of soybean mutants controlling seed phenotypes discovered through the reverse genetics technique TILLING. C1 [Bilyeu, Kristin D.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dierking, Emily C.; Bilyeu, Kristin D.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bilyeu, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 110 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Emily.Dierking@mizzou.edu; bilyeuk@missouri.edu FU United Soybean Board; National Center for Soybean Biotechnology at the University of Missouri; University of Missouri Life Sciences Doctoral Fellowship FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the skilled technical assistance of Paul Little, Ashley Tetlow, and Christy Cole. TILLING screens were conducted by Jennifer Cooper and Steve Henikoff at the Seattle TILLING project and Rita Monde and Cliff Weil at the Maize TILLING project. Funding for this project was provided in part by the United Soybean Board, and the National Center for Soybean Biotechnology at the University of Missouri. Emily Dierking was supported by a University of Missouri Life Sciences Doctoral Fellowship. NR 34 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JUL 14 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 89 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-9-89 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 480FL UT WOS:000268717600001 PM 19602293 ER PT J AU Vogel, JP Tuna, M Budak, H Huo, NX Gu, YQ Steinwand, MA AF Vogel, John P. Tuna, Metin Budak, Hikmet Huo, Naxin Gu, Yong Q. Steinwand, Michael A. TI Development of SSR markers and analysis of diversity in Turkish populations of Brachypodium distachyon SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MODEL SYSTEM; SWITCHGRASS; SEQUENCES; GENOMICS; GRASSES; PCR AB Background: Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is rapidly emerging as a powerful model system to facilitate research aimed at improving grass crops for grain, forage and energy production. To characterize the natural diversity of Brachypodium and provide a valuable new tool to the growing list of resources available to Brachypodium researchers, we created and characterized a large, diverse collection of inbred lines. Results: We developed 84 inbred lines from eight locations in Turkey. To enable genotypic characterization of this collection, we created 398 SSR markers from BAC end and EST sequences. An analysis of 187 diploid lines from 56 locations with 43 SSR markers showed considerable genotypic diversity. There was some correlation between SSR genotypes and broad geographic regions, but there was also a high level of genotypic diversity at individual locations. Phenotypic analysis of this new germplasm resource revealed considerable variation in flowering time, seed size, and plant architecture. The inbreeding nature of Brachypodium was confirmed by an extremely high level of homozygosity in wild plants and a lack of cross-pollination under laboratory conditions. Conclusion: Taken together, the inbreeding nature and genotypic diversity observed at individual locations suggest a significant amount of long-distance seed dispersal. The resources developed in this study are freely available to the research community and will facilitate experimental applications based on natural diversity. C1 [Vogel, John P.; Huo, Naxin; Gu, Yong Q.; Steinwand, Michael A.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Tuna, Metin] Namik Kemal Univ, Dept Field Crops, Tekirdag, Turkey. [Budak, Hikmet] Sabanci Univ, Biol Sci & Bioengn Program, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Vogel, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM john.vogel@ars.usda.gov; mtuna@nku.edu.tr; budak@sabanciuniv.edu; naxin.huo@ars.usda.gov; yong.gu@ars.usda.gov; michael.steinwand@ars.usda.gov RI Budak, Hikmet/F-4708-2010; OI Budak, Hikmet/0000-0002-2556-2478; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU USDA [5325-21000-013-00] FX This work was supported by USDA CRIS project 5325-21000-013-00 "Biotechnological Enhancement of Energy Crops" and by the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-07ER64452. We would like to thank Daniel Hayden for technical assistance in SSR genotyping. All lines created in this study are freely available from the authors. In the United States contact JV for all lines. Outside the United States, contact HB for BdTR lines and JV for the other lines. NR 25 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JUL 13 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 88 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-9-88 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 480FK UT WOS:000268717500001 PM 19594938 ER PT J AU Maury, W Price, JP Brindley, MA Oh, C Neighbors, JD Wiemer, DF Wills, N Carpenter, S Hauck, C Murphy, P Widrlechner, MP Delate, K Kumar, G Kraus, GA Rizshsky, L Nikolau, B AF Maury, Wendy Price, Jason P. Brindley, Melinda A. Oh, ChoonSeok Neighbors, Jeffrey D. Wiemer, David F. Wills, Nickolas Carpenter, Susan Hauck, Cathy Murphy, Patricia Widrlechner, Mark P. Delate, Kathleen Kumar, Ganesh Kraus, George A. Rizshsky, Ludmila Nikolau, Basil TI Identification of light-independent inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection through bioguided fractionation of Hypericum perforatum SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ST-JOHNS-WORT; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-BINDING; VIRUCIDAL ACTIVITY; PURE COMPOUNDS; ANEMIA VIRUS; FATTY-ACIDS; IN-VITRO; CELLS; EXTRACTS; AGENTS AB Background: Light-dependent activities against enveloped viruses in St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) extracts have been extensively studied. In contrast, light-independent antiviral activity from this species has not been investigated. Results: Here, we identify the light-independent inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) by highly purified fractions of chloroform extracts of H. perforatum. Both cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were evident in initial chloroform extracts, but bioassay-guided fractionation produced fractions that inhibited HIV-1 with little to no cytotoxicity. Separation of these two biological activities has not been reported for constituents responsible for the light-dependent antiviral activities. Antiviral activity was associated with more polar subfractions. GC/MS analysis of the two most active subfractions identified 3-hydroxy lauric acid as predominant in one fraction and 3-hydroxy myristic acid as predominant in the other. Synthetic 3-hydroxy lauric acid inhibited HIV infectivity without cytotoxicity, suggesting that this modified fatty acid is likely responsible for observed antiviral activity present in that fraction. As production of 3-hydroxy fatty acids by plants remains controversial, H. perforatum seedlings were grown sterilely and evaluated for presence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids by GC/MS. Small quantities of some 3-hydroxy fatty acids were detected in sterile plants, whereas different 3-hydroxy fatty acids were detected in our chloroform extracts or field-grown material. Conclusion: Through bioguided fractionation, we have identified that 3-hydroxy lauric acid found in field grown Hypericum perforatum has anti-HIV activity. This novel anti-HIV activity can be potentially developed into inexpensive therapies, expanding the current arsenal of anti-retroviral agents. C1 [Maury, Wendy; Price, Jason P.; Brindley, Melinda A.; Oh, ChoonSeok] Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Neighbors, Jeffrey D.; Wiemer, David F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wills, Nickolas; Carpenter, Susan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hauck, Cathy; Murphy, Patricia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.; Delate, Kathleen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kumar, Ganesh; Kraus, George A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rizshsky, Ludmila; Nikolau, Basil] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Maury, W (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM wendy-maury@uiowa.edu; jason-price@uiowa.edu; melinda.brindley@gmail.com; choonseok-oh@uiowa.edu; jeffrey-neighbors@uiowa.edu; david-wiemer@uiowa.edu; njwills@gmail.com; scarp@vetmed.wsu.edu; cchauck@iastate.edu; pmurphy@iastate.edu; Mark.Widrlechner@ARS.USDA.GOV; kdelate@iastate.edu; lganeshk@iastate.edu; gakraus@iastate.edu; ludmilar@iastate.edu; dimmas@iastate.edu RI Rizshsky, Ludmila/D-3133-2011; OI Rizhsky, Ludmila/0000-0003-2323-8225 FU NCCIH NIH HHS [P50 AT004155] NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD JUL 13 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 101 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-6-101 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 476BH UT WOS:000268411200001 PM 19594941 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Cheng, HN Selling, GW Willett, JL Kendra, DF AF Biswas, Atanu Cheng, H. N. Selling, G. W. Willett, J. L. Kendra, D. F. TI Synthesis of phenyl-adducted cyclodextrin through the click reaction SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Cyclodextrin; Bromoacetyl ester; Azidoacetic ester; Click reaction; Phenyl acetylene ID BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; TERMINAL ALKYNES; CYCLOADDITION; AZIDES AB A new derivative of beta-cyclodextrin (CD) has been made incorporating the phenyl group through the use of click reaction. The resulting product suggests a self-association phenomenon through the formation of inclusion compound between the phenyl group and CID. The product has been characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Biswas, Atanu; Selling, G. W.; Willett, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Cheng, H. N.] Ashland Hercules Water Technol, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. [Kendra, D. F.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM atanu.biswas@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JUL 11 PY 2009 VL 77 IS 3 BP 681 EP 685 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.03.002 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 459ZZ UT WOS:000267154300035 ER PT J AU Saseendran, SA Nielsen, DC Lyon, DJ Ma, L Felter, DG Baltensperger, DD Hoogenboom, G Ahuja, LR AF Saseendran, S. A. Nielsen, D. C. Lyon, D. J. Ma, L. Felter, D. G. Baltensperger, D. D. Hoogenboom, G. Ahuja, L. R. TI Modeling responses of dryland spring triticale, proso millet and foxtail millet to initial soil water in the High Plains SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Crop simulation; DSSAT; Leaf area; Millet; Modeling; RZWQM; Soil water; Triticale; Yield ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; EASTERN COLORADO; HYBRID MODEL; FALLOW; TILLAGE; RZWQM; NITROGEN; YIELD AB Dryland farming strategies in the High Plains must make efficient use of limited and variable precipitation and stored water in the soil profile for stable and sustainable farm productivity. Current research efforts focus on replacing summer fallow in the region with more profitable and environmentally sustainable spring and summer crops. In the absence of reliable precipitation forecasts for the crop growing season, farmers rely mainly upon knowledge of plant available water (PAW) in the soil profile at planting for making crop choice decisions. To develop a decision support strategy for crop selection based on initial PAW, experiments were conducted with spring triticale (X Titicosecale Wittmack), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) under artificially controlled Low, Medium, and High initial PAW levels during 2004 and 2005 at Akron, Colorado, and Sidney, Nebraska. The objectives of this study were to adapt an existing cropping systems model for the simulation of triticale and millet and to evaluate simulations from the adapted model by comparing results with field data collected under varying initial PAW conditions. The Root Zone Water Quality Model with DSSAT v4.0 crop growth modules (RZWQM2) was used. Specifically, the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES-Wheat module was adapted for simulating triticale, and CSM-CERES-Sorghum (v4.0) module was adapted for simulating proso millet and foxtail millet. Soil water, leaf area index, grain yield, and biomass data for the highest PAW treatment from one crop season for each of the three crops were used to adapt and calibrate the crop modules. The models were then evaluated with data from the remaining PAW treatments. The proso millet module was further tested with four years of data from a crop rotation experiment at Akron from 2003 to 2006. Simulation results indicated that the adapted and calibrated crop modules have the potential to simulate these new crops under a range of varying water availability conditions. Consequently, these models can aid in the development of decision support tools for the season-to-season management of these summer fallow replacement crops under dryland conditions in semi-arid environments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nielsen, D. C.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Saseendran, S. A.; Ma, L.; Ahuja, L. R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lyon, D. J.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Panhandle Res & Ext Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Felter, D. G.] John Deere, Davenport, IA 52807 USA. [Baltensperger, D. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hoogenboom, G.] Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM david.nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009; Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183; Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUL 10 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 1 BP 48 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.04.008 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 464UH UT WOS:000267532700006 ER PT J AU Grusak, MA AF Grusak, Michael A. TI The World of Soy SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, ARS,USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, ARS,USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mgrusak@bcm.tmc.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 10 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5937 BP 150 EP 150 DI 10.1126/science.1175152 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 468FK UT WOS:000267802000027 ER PT J AU Barrette, RW Metwally, SA Rowland, JM Xu, LZ Zaki, SR Nichol, ST Rollin, PE Towner, JS Shieh, WJ Batten, B Sealy, TK Carrillo, C Moran, KE Bracht, AJ Mayr, GA Sirios-Cruz, M Catbagan, DP Lautner, EA Ksiazek, TG White, WR McIntosh, MT AF Barrette, Roger W. Metwally, Samia A. Rowland, Jessica M. Xu, Lizhe Zaki, Sherif R. Nichol, Stuart T. Rollin, Pierre E. Towner, Jonathan S. Shieh, Wun-Ju Batten, Brigid Sealy, Tara K. Carrillo, Consuelo Moran, Karen E. Bracht, Alexa J. Mayr, Gregory A. Sirios-Cruz, Magdalena Catbagan, Davinio P. Lautner, Elizabeth A. Ksiazek, Thomas G. White, William R. McIntosh, Michael T. TI Discovery of Swine as a Host for the Reston ebolavirus SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME-VIRUS; BATS; PHILIPPINES; RESERVOIRS; VIRULENCE; CHINA AB Since the discovery of the Marburg and Ebola species of filovirus, seemingly random, sporadic fatal outbreaks of disease in humans and nonhuman primates have given impetus to identification of host tropisms and potential reservoirs. Domestic swine in the Philippines, experiencing unusually severe outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome, have now been discovered to host Reston ebolavirus (REBOV). Although REBOV is the only member of Filoviridae that has not been associated with disease in humans, its emergence in the human food chain is of concern. REBOV isolates were found to be more divergent from each other than from the original virus isolated in 1989, indicating polyphyletic origins and that REBOV has been circulating since, and possibly before, the initial discovery of REBOV in monkeys. C1 [Barrette, Roger W.; Metwally, Samia A.; Rowland, Jessica M.; Xu, Lizhe; Carrillo, Consuelo; Moran, Karen E.; Bracht, Alexa J.; Mayr, Gregory A.; Lautner, Elizabeth A.; White, William R.; McIntosh, Michael T.] USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs,Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Zaki, Sherif R.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Towner, Jonathan S.; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Batten, Brigid; Sealy, Tara K.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zaki, Sherif R.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Towner, Jonathan S.; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Batten, Brigid; Sealy, Tara K.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Sirios-Cruz, Magdalena; Catbagan, Davinio P.] Dept Agr, Bur Anim Ind, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. RP Metwally, SA (reprint author), USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs,Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM samia.a.metwally@aphis.usda.gov; michael.t.mcintosh@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA; APHIS; Department of Homeland Security FX We thank members of the Diagnostic Services Section of FADDL (H. Petrowski, F. Mohamed, and M. Berninger), the CDC Special Pathogens Branch (D. Cannon, A. Comer, S. Dickerson, C. Manning, D. Miller, and Z. Reed), and the CDC Infectious Disease Pathology Branch (C. Paddock, P. Adem, and C. Goldsmith) for expert technical assistance. We are also grateful to P. Hauer (APHIS, USDA) for critical review of the manuscript and to T. Gomez and J. Willnow (USDA) for facilitating conversations between U.S. agencies and the Philippines. We thank G. Risatti for protocols for PRRSV RT-PCR. This work was funded by the USDA as part of an ongoing foreign animal disease diagnostic investigation. Support for microarray development and implementation is sponsored by the APHIS Science Fellows Program, USDA, and the Department of Homeland Security. R.W.B. is an award recipient of the APHIS Science Fellows Program. PRRSV NSP2 sequences are available at GenBank (accession numbers FJ641193, FJ641194, and FJ641195), as are Reston08-A, Reston08-C, and Reston08-E sequences (accession numbers FJ621583, FJ621584, and FJ621585, respectively). Microarray data and analyses are available for download from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (accession GSE15687 [NCBI GEO] ) at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE15687. All authors declare that they have no competing interests. NR 21 TC 164 Z9 181 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 10 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5937 BP 204 EP 206 DI 10.1126/science.1172705 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 468FK UT WOS:000267802000048 PM 19590002 ER PT J AU Bebak, J Matthews, M Shoemaker, C AF Bebak, Julie Matthews, Michael Shoemaker, Craig TI Survival of vaccinated, feed-trained largemouth bass fry (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) during natural exposure to Flavobacterium columnare SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Largemouth bass; Vaccination; Survival analysis ID EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI VACCINE; RED-SEA BREAM; CHANNEL CATFISH; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH; EGGS; PUNCTATUS; ONTOGENY AB Vaccinated, feed-trained largemouth bass fry (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) were cohabited with sham-vaccinated fish. Fish were exposed, under natural conditions, to Flavobacterium columnare, a ubiquitous bacterium associated with columnaris disease. During every time interval, the probability that a vaccinated fish would survive past time, t, was greater than for sham-vaccinated fish and survivor functions were significantly different (p-value <0.001). Overall, vaccinated fish had a 43% lower risk of death during the field trial. Overall incidence was 1.7 times greater for the sham-vaccinated (1.4%/d) as compared to the vaccinated fish (0.8%/d). Vaccination with AQUAVAC-COL (Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health) significantly reduced the risk of death from columnaris disease in feed-trained largemouth bass fry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bebak, Julie; Shoemaker, Craig] ARS, USDA, AAHRU, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Matthews, Michael] Florida Bass Conservat Ctr, Webster, FL 33597 USA. RP Bebak, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, AAHRU, 900 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM julie.bebak@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [6420-32000-022-00D] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Mr. Josh Sakmar and Mr. Justin Elkins for excellent technical assistance. Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health supplied the vaccine for this study. This work was partially supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems Project No. 6420-32000-022-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 9 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 32 BP 4297 EP 4301 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.026 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 470UD UT WOS:000268005400009 PM 19450638 ER PT J AU Zhao, BP Li, EJ Wall, RJ Yang, JZ AF Zhao, Baoping Li, Eileena J. Wall, Robert J. Yang, Jinzeng TI Coordinated patterns of gene expressions for adult muscle build-up in transgenic mice expressing myostatin propeptide SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID FOXO TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; MYOBLAST PROLIFERATION; MASS; GROWTH; MYOGENESIS; ATROPHY; DIFFERENTIATION; INHIBITION AB Background: Skeletal muscle growth and maintenance are essential for human health. One of the muscle regulatory genes, namely myostatin, a member of transforming growth factor-beta, plays a dominant role in the genetic control of muscle mass. Myostatin is synthesized as a precursor protein, which generates the N-terminal propeptide and the C-terminal mature myostatin peptide by a post-translational cleavage event. Previously, transgenic over-expression of myostatin propeptide in skeletal muscle results in significant muscle growth in early stages of development. The objectives of present study were to further characterize muscle growth in later stages of life and to identify genes and their expression patterns that are responsible for adult muscle build-up by myostatin propeptide. Results: Immunohistochemical staining with an antibody to the N-terminus indicates a high level of myostatin propeptide present in the muscles of transgenic mice while there were no apparent differences in myostatin protein distribution in the muscle fibers between the transgenic and wildtype mice. Main individual muscles increased by 76-152% in the transgenic mice over their wildtype littermate mice at 12 months of age. A large number of nuclei were localized in the central and basal lamina of the myofibers in the transgenic mice as the number of nuclei per fiber and 100 mu m(2) area was significantly higher in transgenic mice than wild-type mice. By systemic comparisons of global mRNA expression patterns between transgenic mice and wild-type littermates using microarray and qRT-PCR techniques, we have identified distinct gene expression patterns to support adult muscle build-up by myostatin propeptide, which are comprised of enhanced expressions of myogenic regulatory factors and extracelullar matrix components, and differentially down-regulated expressions of genes related to protein degradation and mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Conclusion: The results present a coordinated pattern of gene expressions for reduced energy utilization during muscle build-up in adult stage. Enhanced muscle buildup by myostatin propeptide is sustained by reduced ATP synthesis as a result of a decreased activity of protein degradation. Myostatin propeptide may have a therapeutic application to the treatment of clinical muscle wasting problems by depressing myostatin activity. C1 [Zhao, Baoping; Li, Eileena J.; Yang, Jinzeng] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wall, Robert J.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yang, JZ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, 1955 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM baoping@hawaii.edu; jli2@nd.edu; bobwall@ars.usda.gov; jinzeng@hawaii.edu FU Hawaii Community Foundation; USDA-CSREES; Histology & Imaging Core grants [G12-RR003061, P20-RR016453] FX This work was supported by grants from Ingeborg v. F. McKee Fund of Hawaii Community Foundation, TSTAR funding program of the USDA-CSREES, the Histology & Imaging Core grants (G12-RR003061 and P20-RR016453). We are grateful to Drs. Qingping He, Miyoko Bellinger and George Hui for their technical supports and comments on the projects. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 8 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 305 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-305 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 480RW UT WOS:000268755500002 PM 19586544 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Levin, CE Lee, SU Kim, HJ Lee, IS Byun, JO Kozukue, N AF Friedman, Mendel Levin, Carol E. Lee, Seung-Un Kim, Hyun-Jeong Lee, In-Seon Byun, Jae-Oke Kozukue, Nobuyuki TI Tomatine-Containing Green Tomato Extracts Inhibit Growth of Human Breast, Colon, Liver, and Stomach Cancer Cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HPLC; GC-MS; tetrazolium assay; green tomatoes; red tomatoes; cancer cells; growth Inhibition; dehydrotomatine; alpha-tomatine; tomatidenol; tomatidine; dietary significance ID ALPHA-TOMATINE; GLYCOALKALOID TOMATINE; SOLANUM-LYCOPERSICON; STEROIDAL ALKALOIDS; CARBOHYDRATE GROUPS; PLANT; DEHYDROTOMATINE; CHOLESTEROL; SUPPRESSION; LYCOPENE AB Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) synthesize the glycoalkaloids dehydrotomatine and alpha-tomatine, possibly as a defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects. Six green and three red tomato extracts were investigated for their ability to induce cell death in human cancer and normal cells using a microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Compared to untreated controls, the high-tomatine green tomato extracts strongly inhibited the following human cancer cell lines: breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), gastric (AGS), and hepatoma (liver) (HepG2), as well as normal human liver cells (Chang). There was little inhibition of the cells by the three low-tomatine red tomato extracts. Cell death induced by the pure glycoalkaloids dehydrotomatine and alpha-tomatine isolated from green tomatoes and characterized by HPLC, GC, and GC-MS, as well as their respective aglycones tomatidenol and tomatidine, was also evaluated. a-Tomatine was highly effective in inhibiting all of the cell lines. Dehydrotomatine, tomatidenol, and tomatidine had little, if any, effect on cell inhibition. The results show that the susceptibility to destruction varies with the nature of the alkaloid and plant extract and the type of cancer cell. These findings extend related observations on the anticarcinogenic potential of glycoalkaloids and suggest that consumers may benefit by eating not only high-lycopene red tomatoes but also green tomatoes containing glycoalkaloids. Possible mechanisms of the anticarcinogenic and other beneficial effects and the significance of the cited observations for breeding improved tomatoes and for the human diet are discussed. C1 [Friedman, Mendel; Levin, Carol E.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Lee, Seung-Un; Kozukue, Nobuyuki] Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyeongju 780713, Gyongbuk, South Korea. [Kim, Hyun-Jeong; Lee, In-Seon] Keimyung Univ, Ctr Tradit Microorganism Resources, Taegu 704701, South Korea. [Byun, Jae-Oke] Daegu Polytech Coll, Dept Hotel Cuisine, Taegu 706711, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 41 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 8 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 13 BP 5727 EP 5733 DI 10.1021/jf900364j PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 465TH UT WOS:000267610000012 PM 19514731 ER PT J AU Panangala, VS Russo, R van Santen, VL Wolfe, KG Klesius, PH AF Panangala, Victor S. Russo, Riccardo van Santen, Vicky L. Wolfe, Karen G. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Organization and sequence of four flagellin-encoding genes of Edwardsiella ictaluri SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE flagellar proteins; Edwardsiella ictaluri; flagella; Sigma(28) promoter; hook-associated protein FliD; chaperone FliS ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LATERAL FLAGELLA; ELECTRON CRYOMICROSCOPY; VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM; BACTERIAL FLAGELLA; BIOFILM FORMATION; CHANNEL CATFISH; MOTILITY; TARDA; EXPRESSION AB Edwardsiella ictaluri, the cause of enteric septicaemia in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), is motile by means of peritrichous flagella. We determined the complete flagellin gene sequences and their organization in E. ictaluri by sequencing genomic segments from a lambda-ZAP phage genomic library of E. ictaluri. Four flagellin genes (fliC1, fliC2, fliC3 and fliC4) are arranged in tandem within 6 kb in the E. ictaluri genome. Each flagellin-coding sequence is preceded by a Sigma(28) recognition site consensus sequence. The predicted amino acid sequences of all four flagellin proteins (between 36 and 37.5 kDa) are similar in the N-terminal (1-160 aa) and C-terminal (last 74 aa) portions and are divergent in the central portion of the proteins. Proteins encoded by flC1, fliC2 and fliC3 are more similar to each other (88-90% aa identity) than to the protein encoded by fliC4 (76-78% aa identity). basic local alignment search tool analysis of GenBank sequences showed that all flagellin aa sequences are more similar to those of Serratia marcescens (72-74% identity) than to those of Edwardsiella tarda (< 64% identity). Primary determination of E. ictaluri flagellin gene sequences facilitate advanced studies on the role of flagella in host-pathogen interaction. C1 [Panangala, Victor S.; Russo, Riccardo; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [van Santen, Vicky L.] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Wolfe, Karen G.] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Russo, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM ric.russo@ars.usda.gov OI van Santen, Vicky/0000-0002-0029-0517 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems [6420-32000-012-00D] FX We thank Ryan Wood, Elizabeth Peterman and Paige Mumma for their technical assistance and the expertise of Dr Teresa Ruiz, University of Vermont for her guidance in the electron microscopy techniques. Monoclonal antibody was developed by Mr Roger C. Bridgman of the Auburn University, Hybridoma Facility, Auburn, Alabama 36849. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems project # 6420-32000-012-00D. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JUL 7 PY 2009 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1135 EP 1147 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02210.x PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 466JI UT WOS:000267657000004 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, J. P. TI Toxoplasmosis in sheep-The last 20 years SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Toxoplasma gondii; Sheep; Abortion; Transmission; Epidemiology; Immunology; Control ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; EXPERIMENTAL OVINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM ANTIBODIES; MODIFIED AGGLUTINATION-TEST; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; PREVENT LAMB LOSSES; SAO-PAULO-STATE; SOUTH-WEST IRAN; GONDII INFECTION; SEROLOGICAL SURVEY AB Sheep are important to the economy of many countries because they area source of food for humans Sheep are commonly infected with the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Infection with the parasite may cause early embryonic death and resorption, fetal death and mummification, abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Severity of infection is associated with the stage of pregnancy at which the ewe becomes infected, the earlier in gestation, the more severe the consequences. Infected sheep meat is a source of T. gondii infection for humans and carnivorous animals. Most sheep acquire T. gondii infection after birth, and less than 4% of persistently infected sheep transmit the parasite vertically to the next generation. Recent studies by a group of researchers in England reported that repeat ovine transmission of T. gondii may be more common than previously believed but these findings are soley based on PCR data and require additional data using other techniques to verify the findings. Following infection with T. gondii, sheep develop humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against the parasite that provides effective protection against disease in subsequent pregnancies. A commercial vaccine is available, comprising a live, incomplete strain of T. gondii. The vaccine is administered to sheep prior to mating to protect against lamb losses due to toxoplasmosis. In the present paper, information on the prevalence, transmission, and control of ovine toxoplasmosis in the last 20 years is reviewed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 184 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 7 PY 2009 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.02.026 PG 14 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 467XZ UT WOS:000267778200001 PM 19395175 ER PT J AU Terrill, TH Dykes, GS Shaik, SA Miller, JE Kouakou, B Kannan, G Burke, JM Mosjidis, JA AF Terrill, T. H. Dykes, G. S. Shaik, S. A. Miller, J. E. Kouakou, B. Kannan, G. Burke, J. M. Mosjidis, J. A. TI Efficacy of sericea lespedeza hay as a natural dewormer in goats: Dose titration study SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gastrointestinal nematodes; Goats; Sericea lespedeza ID CONDENSED TANNINS; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; IN-VITRO; SAINFOIN; LARVAE; EXSHEATHMENT; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE AB Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) parasitism is the greatest threat to economic sheep and goat production in the southern USA, and there is widespread prevalence of GIN resistance to broad-spectrum anthelmintics in this region. A natural alternative for controlling GIN in small ruminants is feeding hay of sericea lespedeza [SL, Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours., G. Don)], a perennial warm-season legume high in condensed tannins. To determine the level of SL needed to reduce GIN infection, a confinement study was completed with 32 Spanish/ Boer/Kiko cross yearling bucks offered one of four diets with 75% hay and 25% concentrate (n = 8, 2 pens/treatment, 4 goats/pen). The hay portion of each diet consisted of a combination of ground SL (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of the diet) and bermudagrass [BG, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pets.; 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% of the diet]. The bucks were allowed to acquire a natural GIN infection on pasture prior to moving to the pens. After a 3-week adjustment period in the pens, the goats were stratified by fecal egg count (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV), randomly assigned to treatments and pens, and then fed the treatment diets for six weeks. During the experimental period, fecal and blood samples were collected from individual animals weekly to determine FEC and PCV, respectively. Adult worms from abomasum and small intestines were collected for counting and identification of species at slaughter. Goats fed SL hay at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the diet had 45.3% (P=0.2048), 66.3% (P=0.0134), and 74.5% (P=0.0077) lower FEC than control animals (75% BG hay) after 21 days. The 50% and 75% SL goats had 84.6% (P = 0.0625) and 91.9% (P = 0.0340) lower FEC than controls by day 42. The 75% SL-fed goats tended to have higher (P = 0.0624) PCV and had fewer (P = 0.035) abomasal worms than control animals, while PCV and adult worm numbers of the 50% and 25% SL goats were not different from controls. The optimum level of SL hay in the diet for reducing worm numbers of small ruminants appears to be 75%, whereas 50-75% SL reduces FEC, which could lead to reduced larval infection on pasture. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Terrill, T. H.; Dykes, G. S.; Shaik, S. A.; Kouakou, B.; Kannan, G.] Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Burke, J. M.] ARS, USDA, DBSFRC, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Mosjidis, J. A.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Terrill, TH (reprint author), Ft Valley State Univ, 1005 State Univ Dr, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. EM terrillt@fvsu.edu FU USDA 1890 Institution Teaching and Research Capacity Building [2005-38814-16429]; USDA CSREES IOP [2005-51300-02392] FX The authors would like to thank Richard Wolfe for his assistance with condensed tannin analyses and the USDA 1890 Institution Teaching and Research Capacity Building Grants Program (Award No. 2005-38814-16429) and USDA CSREES IOP (Project No. 2005-51300-02392) for funding support of this work. NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 7 PY 2009 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.04.022 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 467XZ UT WOS:000267778200008 PM 19464120 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE Terrill, TH AF Burke, J. M. Miller, J. E. Terrill, T. H. TI Impact of rotational grazing on management of gastrointestinal nematodes in weaned lambs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gastrointestinal nematodes; Grazing systems; Lambs ID OXIDE WIRE PARTICLES; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; UNITED-STATES; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; PARASITE INTERACTION; GOATS; SHEEP; NUTRITION; FARMS AB Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) control for 'natural' or organic lamb production is needed, especially where Haemonchus contortus is prevalent. The objective was to determine the impact of rotational grazing on GIN infection of weaned lambs. In year 1, naturally infected Katahdin lambs (120 days of age) were randomly assigned to graze (1) continuous bermudagrass (CB; n = 14),(2) rotational bermudagrass moved every 3.5 days and returned to original plot 35 days later for three rotations (RB; n = 14), or (3) rotational bermudagrass rotated when forage height fell below 10 cm (RBH; n = 7) where first day of grazing = Day 0. In late summer, all lambs were supplemented with 500 g corn/SBM because of poor condition. The following year, similar animals were used and included the CB (n = 18) and the RB (n = 36) groups only. In both years, fecal egg counts (FECs) and blood packed cell volume (PCV) were determined every 7-14 days and body weight every 28 days. Individuals were dewormed with 0.5 g copper oxide wire particles (COWP) when FAMACHA score increased to 3 or more. Between 0 and 3 deworming treatments per lamb were necessary and there tended to be fewer RB than CB lambs dewormed by Day 84 for both years combined (P < 0.001). Worm free tracer lambs were introduced to CB (n = 6) and RB (n = 8) plots following the last rotation during the first year to determine worm burdens after 20 days of grazing. Abomasal worm burden tended to be greater in RB than CB or RBH tracer lambs (P < 0.10), but intestinal worm numbers were similar. Differences may be due to differences in grazing patterns among groups. Body weight gains were similar between CB and RB groups. Economic value between the CB and RB lambs was similar based on number of lambs that could have been marketed as organic. For both years, lambs relied exclusively on COWP for GIN control with the exception of one lamb. In summary, while there was a reduced incidence of deworming in the RB compared with the CB group of lambs, estimated economic value of these systems was similar. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burke, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Terrill, T. H.] Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM joan.burke@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 7 PY 2009 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.054 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 467XZ UT WOS:000267778200010 PM 19394147 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Lillehoj, HS Park, DW Jang, SI Morales, A Garcia, D Lucio, E Larios, R Victoria, G Marrufo, D Lillehoj, EP AF Lee, S. H. Lillehoj, H. S. Park, D. W. Jang, S. I. Morales, A. Garcia, D. Lucio, E. Larios, R. Victoria, G. Marrufo, D. Lillehoj, Erik P. TI Protective effect of hyperimmune egg yolk IgY antibodies against Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima infections SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Egg yolk IgY; Coccidiosis; Eimeria; Chickens; Passive immunization ID BROILER-CHICKENS; COCCIDIOSIS; ANTIGENS; IMMUNITY AB Avian coccidiosis is caused by several distinct species of Eimeria protozoa and is the major parasitic disease of poultry of economic importance. As an alternative strategy to control avian coccidiosis without using prophylactic medications, we have investigated the efficacy of inducing passive immunity against coccidiosis by orally feeding hyperimmune IgY antibodies. In this study, a commercially available egg yolk powder, Supracox (R) (SC), a purified IgY fraction of egg yolk prepared from hens hyperimmunized with three major species of Eimeria oocysts, were continuously fed to young chicks from hatch. Upon orally infecting these broiler chicks with Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima oocysts at 1 week of age, they showed significantly higher body weight gains (P < 0.05) compared to the untreated controls. Furthermore, SC-fed chicks showed significantly less intestinal lesions and reduced fecal oocyst output compared to the untreated controls following oral infections with E. tenella and E. maxima. These results provide clear evidence that passive immunization of chicks with hyperimmune egg yolk IgY antibodies provide significant protection against E. tenella or E. maxima infections. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lee, S. H.; Lillehoj, H. S.; Park, D. W.; Jang, S. I.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Morales, A.; Garcia, D.; Lucio, E.; Larios, R.; Victoria, G.; Marrufo, D.] SA CV, Invest Aplicada, Puebla 75700, Mexico. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1043,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehof@ars.usda.gov OI Lucio, Eduardo/0000-0001-5723-9205 NR 18 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 7 PY 2009 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.04.020 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 467XZ UT WOS:000267778200019 PM 19450929 ER PT J AU Kruse, JJ Powell, JA AF Kruse, James J. Powell, Jerry A. TI Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Costa Rica; early stages; dead leaf-feeders; Lepidoptera; Mexico; morphology; Neotropics; new species; phylogeny AB The New World genus Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 is reviewed and revised. The genus ranges from the mid-Atlantic and southern United States through Central America to Venezuela. Greatest species richness is documented from the middle elevations of central and southern Mexico south through Costa Rica. Thirty-two species are treated, of which 23 are described as new: S. aciculana (Juchitepec, Mexico), S. amitana (Rio Verde, Mexico), S. arcuatana (Mendoza, Mexico), S. audentiana (Gomez Farias, Mexico), S. broccusana (Potrerillos, Mexico), S. calthograptana (Jocala, Mexico), S. canities (Tepalcates, Mexico), S. canorisana (Coatepec, Mexico), S. capitiornata (Volcan Santa Mar a, Guatemala), S. carycrosana (Potrerillos, Mexico), S. coloratana (Sierra Alta Tarahumara, Mexico), S. cornutana ( San Cristobal de Las Casas, Mexico), S. laderana (Iguala, Mexico), S. licrosana (Potrerillos, Mexico), S. ocrisana (Monteverde, Costa Rica), S. plemmelana (Baleu, Guatemala), S. polymitariana (Rio Jaba, Costa Rica), S. probolosana (El Salto, Mexico), S. prolesana (Monteverde, Costa Rica), S. silaceana (Villa Mills, Costa Rica), S. torusana (Rio Metlec, Mexico), S. umbosana (El Palmito, Mexico), and S. xenopsana (Esperanza, Mexico). One new combination, Sparganothoides teratana (Zeller), is proposed; and two species, Epagoge schausiana Walsingham and Epagoge spadicea Walsingham, formerly included in Sparganothoides, are excluded. A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among the species is provided, a classification based on species groups is proposed, and a key to the species based primarily on features of the male genitalia is presented. We recognize six monophyletic species groups: Hydeana Group (8 species); Teratana Group (6 species); Ocrisana Group (8 species); Lentiginosana Group (1 species); Morata Group (5 species); and Aciculana Group (4 species). Male and female genitalia are illustrated for each species where known; ten species are represented by males only. Biological and life history data are summarized based mainly on laboratory rearings from eggs produced by confined females of eight species, representing five of the six species groups. C1 [Kruse, James J.] USDA, Forest Serv State & Private Forestry, Fairbanks Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Powell, Jerry A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, MC3140, VLSB 1170, Essig Museum Entomol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kruse, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv State & Private Forestry, Fairbanks Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM jkruse@fs.fed.us; powellj@nature.berkeley.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 6 PY 2009 IS 2150 BP 1 EP 78 PG 78 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 465VQ UT WOS:000267617200001 ER PT J AU Fabrick, J Oppert, C Lorenzen, MD Morris, K Oppert, B Jurat-Fuentes, JL AF Fabrick, Jeff Oppert, Cris Lorenzen, Marce D. Morris, Kaley Oppert, Brenda Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis TI A Novel Tenebrio molitor Cadherin Is a Functional Receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa Toxin SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BORDER MEMBRANE-VESICLES; DROSOPHILA S2 CELLS; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; CRY1A TOXINS; INSECT RESISTANCE; PORE FORMATION; LARVAL MIDGUT; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA AB Cry toxins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis are effective biological insecticides. Cadherin-like proteins have been reported as functional Cry1A toxin receptors in Lepidoptera. Here we present data that demonstrate that a coleopteran cadherin is a functional Cry3Aa toxin receptor. The Cry3Aa receptor cadherin was cloned from Tenebrio molitor larval midgut mRNA, and the predicted protein, TmCad1, has domain structure and a putative toxin binding region similar to those in lepidopteran cadherin B. thuringiensis receptors. A peptide containing the putative toxin binding region from TmCad1 bound specifically to Cry3Aa and promoted the formation of Cry3Aa toxin oligomers, proposed to be mediators of toxicity in lepidopterans. Injection of TmCad1-specific double-stranded RNA into T. molitor larvae resulted in knockdown of the TmCad1 transcript and conferred resistance to Cry3Aa toxicity. These data demonstrate the functional role of TmCad1 as a Cry3Aa receptor in T. molitor and reveal similarities between the mode of action of Cry toxins in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. C1 [Lorenzen, Marce D.; Oppert, Brenda] ARS, USDA, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Fabrick, Jeff] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Oppert, Cris; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Morris, Kaley] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu OI Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis/0000-0002-8945-1814 NR 47 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 3 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 27 BP 18401 EP 18410 DI 10.1074/jbc.M109.001651 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 467BW UT WOS:000267712400052 PM 19416969 ER PT J AU Rao, S Dinkins, RD Hunt, AG AF Rao, Suryadevara Dinkins, Randy D. Hunt, Arthur G. TI Distinctive interactions of the Arabidopsis homolog of the 30 kD subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (AtCPSF30) with other polyadenylation factor subunits SO BMC CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNAS; UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE; YELLOW-NET-VIRUS; ZINC-FINGER; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; POSTEMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; POLY(A) POLYMERASE; N-PROTEIN; P-BODIES AB Background: The Arabidopsis ortholog of the 30 kD subunit of the mammalian Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor (AtCPSF30) is an RNA-binding endonuclease that is associated with other Arabidopsis CPSF subunits (orthologs of the 160, 100, and 73 kD subunits of CPSF). In order to further explore the functions of AtCPSF30, the subcellular distribution of the protein was examined by over-expressing fusion proteins containing fluorescent reporters linked to different CPSF subunits. Results: It was found that AtCPSF30 by itself localizes, not to the nucleus, but to the cytoplasm. AtCPSF30 could be found in the nucleus when co-expressed with AtCPSF160 or AtCPSF73(1), one of the two Arabidopsis orthologs of CPSF73. This re-directing of AtCPSF30 indicates that AtCPSF30 is retained in the nucleus via interactions with either or both of these other CPSF subunits. Co-expression of AtCSPF30 with AtCPSF100 altered the location, not of AtCPSF30, but rather of AtCPSF100, with these proteins residing in the cytoplasm. Deletion of plant-specific N- or C-terminal domains of AtCPSF30 abolished various of the interactions between AtCPSF30 and other CPSF subunits, suggesting that the plant CPSF complex assembles via novel protein-protein interactions. Conclusion: These results suggest that the nuclear CPSF complex in plants is a dynamic one, and that the interactions between AtCPSF30 and other CPSF subunits are different from those existing in other eukaryotes. C1 [Rao, Suryadevara; Dinkins, Randy D.; Hunt, Arthur G.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Dinkins, Randy D.] USDA ARS, FAPRU, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Hunt, AG (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM ssrao1@uky.edu; rddink1@uky.edu; aghunt00@uky.edu RI Hunt, Arthur/A-8040-2009; OI Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X FU NSF [MCB-0313472, IOS-0817818] FX We are grateful to Carol Von Lanken for excellent technical and administrative support, and to Drs. Quinn Li (Dept. of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, OH) and Michael Goodin (Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky) for constructs and technical assistance. This study was supported by NSF grants MCB-0313472 and IOS-0817818. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2121 J9 BMC CELL BIOL JI BMC Cell Biol. PD JUL 2 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 51 DI 10.1186/1471-2121-10-51 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 477AB UT WOS:000268487200001 PM 19573236 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, R Benatti, TR Gill, N Zhao, CY Chen, MS Fellers, JP Schemerhorn, BJ Stuart, JJ AF Aggarwal, Rajat Benatti, Thiago R. Gill, Navdeep Zhao, Chaoyang Chen, Ming-Shun Fellers, John P. Schemerhorn, Brandon J. Stuart, Jeff J. TI A BAC-based physical map of the Hessian fly genome anchored to polytene chromosomes SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR DIPTERA; SALIVARY-GLANDS; 1ST GENERATION; SEQUENCES; PROTEINS; GENES; CECIDOMYIIDAE; CYTOGENETICS; ELIMINATION; GENETICS AB Background: The Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) is an important insect pest of wheat. It has tractable genetics, polytene chromosomes, and a small genome (158 Mb). Investigation of the Hessian fly presents excellent opportunities to study plant-insect interactions and the molecular mechanisms underlying genome imprinting and chromosome elimination. A physical map is needed to improve the ability to perform both positional cloning and comparative genomic analyses with the fully sequenced genomes of other dipteran species. Results: An FPC-based genome wide physical map of the Hessian fly was constructed and anchored to the insect's polytene chromosomes. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones corresponding to 12-fold coverage of the Hessian fly genome were fingerprinted, using high information content fingerprinting (HIFC) methodology, and end-sequenced. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) co-localized two BAC clones from each of the 196 longest contigs on the polytene chromosomes. An additional 70 contigs were positioned using a single FISH probe. The 266 FISH mapped contigs were evenly distributed and covered 60% of the genome (95,668 kb). The ends of the fingerprinted BACs were then sequenced to develop the capacity to create sequenced tagged site (STS) markers on the BACs in the map. Only 3.64% of the BAC-end sequence was composed of transposable elements, helicases, ribosomal repeats, simple sequence repeats, and sequences of low complexity. A relatively large fraction (14.27%) of the BES was comprised of multi-copy gene sequences. Nearly 1% of the end sequence was composed of simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Conclusion: This physical map provides the foundation for high-resolution genetic mapping, map-based cloning, and assembly of complete genome sequencing data. The results indicate that restriction fragment length heterogeneity in BAC libraries used to construct physical maps lower the length and the depth of the contigs, but is not an absolute barrier to the successful application of the technology. This map will serve as a genomic resource for accelerating gene discovery, genome sequencing, and the assembly of BAC sequences. The Hessian fly BAC-clone assembly, and the names and positions of the BAC clones used in the FISH experiments are publically available at http://genome.purdue.edu/WebAGCoL/Hfly/WebFPC/. C1 [Schemerhorn, Brandon J.; Stuart, Jeff J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, ARS, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gill, Navdeep] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun; Fellers, John P.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Stuart, JJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, ARS, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM raggarw@purdue.edu; tbenatti@purdue.edu; gilln@purdue.edu; czhao@purdue.edu; ming-shun.chen@ars.usda.gov; john.fellers@ars.usda.gov; bschemer@purdue.edu; stuartjj@purdue.edu OI Schemerhorn, Brandon/0000-0003-0247-478X; Zhao, Chaoyang/0000-0003-3378-3163 FU USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service National Research Initiative [2004-03099]; Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund [042700-0207] FX The authors would like to thank Sue Cambron (USDA-ARS) for material contributions and Alison Witt, Phillip San Miguel, and Rick Westerman, of the Purdue Genomics Center, for technical and bioinformatics assistance. The authors would also like to thank William M Nelson, Jeff Tomkins, Catherine Hill, Scott Jackson, Shannon Schlueter, Jessica Schlueter, and Brian Abernathy for valuable contributions and assistance. This work was supported by the USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service National Research Initiative Grant # 2004-03099 and the Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund Grant 042700-0207. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 2 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 293 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-293 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 480RQ UT WOS:000268754900001 PM 19573234 ER PT J AU Lage, M Cantrell, CL AF Lage, Mounira Cantrell, Charles L. TI Quantification of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) metabolites crocins, picrocrocin and safranal for quality determination of the spice grown under different environmental Moroccan conditions SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Saffron (Crocus sativus L.); Environment; Crocins; Picrocrocin purification; Safranal; HPLC; Mass spectrometry ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS AB The primary goal of this study was to propose saffron as a sustainable substitute crop with high added value in some Moroccan agricultural areas with low and erratic rainfalls, for their socio-economical development. The quality of the saffron spice has to be evaluated prior to recommendation for commercial production. For this purpose, saffron was grown in experimental plots for the first time in eleven different experimental zones with a disparity of altitudes, soils and climates. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the most important saffron components crocins, picrocrocin, and safranal which are respectively responsible for its colour, taste and odour. The respective average values, in % dry matter, across all sites altogether are 29.01 +/- 5.6; 14.04 +/- 7.1 and 0.22 +/- 0.11. The statistical analysis shows that crocins are stable under each specific environment tested (p > 5%) for 3 years of study. Meanwhile. there was a large variability in safranal content for the same period (p < 0.05). This suggests that post-harvest processing of saffron produced under different environments may need to be improved. Analysis of environmental impact on saffron quality showed that just the altitude affects crocins (R-2 = 0.84, p < 0.05). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lage, Mounira] URAPVCRP, INRA, Rabat, Morocco. [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Lage, M (reprint author), URAPVCRP, INRA, BP6570, Rabat, Morocco. EM mlage@fulbrightweb.org NR 42 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUL 2 PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 366 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2009.02.017 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 455LQ UT WOS:000266762000019 ER PT J AU Truman, CC Nuti, RC AF Truman, C. C. Nuti, R. C. TI Improved water capture and erosion reduction through furrow diking SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Tillage; Runoff; Water savings; Soil loss ID CROP YIELDS; RAINFALL INTENSITY; BASIN TILLAGE; SOIL; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Crop production in Georgia and the Southeastern U.S. can be limited by water; thus, supplemental irrigation is often needed to sustain profitable crop production. Increased water capture would efficiently improve water use and reduce irrigation amounts and other input costs, thus improving producer's profit margin. We quantified water capturing and erosional characteristics of furrow diking by comparing runoff (R) and soil loss (E) from furrow diked (DT) and non-furrow diked tilled (CT) systems. A field study (Faceville loamy sand, Typic Kandiudult) was established (2006 and 2007) near Dawson, GA with DT and CT systems managed to irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). Treatments included: DT vs. CT; DT with and without shank (+/- S); and rainfall simulation performed (0, 60 days after tillage, DAT). Simulated rainfall (50 mm h(-1) for I h) was applied to all 2 m x 3 m plots (n = 3). All runoff and E were measured from each flat, level sloping 6-m(2) plot (slope = 1%). Compared to CT, DT decreased R and E by 14-28% and 2.0-2.8 times, respectively. Compared to DT - S, DT + S decreased R and E by 17-56% and 26% to 2.1 times, respectively. Compared to sealed/crusted soil conditions at 60 DAT, simulating rainfall on a freshly tilled seedbed condition (DAT = 0) decreased R by 69% to 3.4 times and increased E by 27%. DTO + S + RFO plots (best-case scenario) had 2.8 times less R, and 2.6 times less E than CT - S + RF60 plots (worst-case). Based on $1.17 ha-mm(-1) to pump irrigation water and $18.50 ha(-1) for DT, a producer in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia would recover cost of DT by saving the first 16 ha-mm of water. The DT + S system is a cost-effective management practice for producers in Georgia and the Southeastern U.S. that positively impacts natural resource conservation, producer profit margins, and environmental quality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Truman, C. C.] ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Nuti, R. C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Truman, CC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748,2375 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Clint.Truman@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1071 EP 1077 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.12.002 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 449NU UT WOS:000266338100002 ER PT J AU Nuti, RC Lamb, MC Sorensen, RB Truman, CC AF Nuti, R. C. Lamb, M. C. Sorensen, R. B. Truman, C. C. TI Agronomic and economic response to furrow diking tillage in irrigated and non-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Irrigation scheduling; Water capture; Water consumption; Best management practices; Conservation tillage ID BASIN TILLAGE; WATER CONSERVATION; GRAIN-SORGHUM; CROP YIELDS; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; AREAS AB The Southeast U.S. receives an average of 1300 mm annual rainfall, however poor seasonal distribution of rainfall often limits production. Irrigation is used during the growing season to supplement rainfall to sustain profitable crop production. Increased water capture would improve water use efficiency and reduce irrigation requirements. Furrow diking has been proposed as a cost effective management practice that is designed to create a series of storage basins in the furrow between crop rows to catch and retain rainfall and irrigation water. Furrow diking has received much attention in and and semi-arid regions with mixed results. yet has not been adapted for cotton production in the Southeast U.S. Our objectives were to evaluate the agronomic response and economic feasibility of producing cotton with and without furrow diking in conventional tillage over a range of irrigation rates including no irrigation. Studies were conducted at two research sites each year from 2005 to 2007. Irrigation scheduling was based on irrigator Pro for Cotton software. The use of furrow diking in these studies periodically reduced water consumption and improved yield and net returns. In 2006 and 2007, when irrigation scheduling was based on soil water status, an average of 76 mm ha(-1) of irrigation water was saved by furrow diking, producing similar cotton yield and net returns. Furrow diking improved cotton yield an average of 171 kg ha(-1) and net return by $245 ha(-1) over multiple irrigation rates, in 1 of 3 years. We conclude that furrow diking has the capability to reduce irrigation requirements and the costs associated with irrigation when rainfall is periodic and drought is not severe. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nuti, R. C.; Lamb, M. C.; Sorensen, R. B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Truman, C. C.] ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Nuti, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, 1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM Russell.Nuti@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1078 EP 1084 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.03.006 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 449NU UT WOS:000266338100003 ER PT J AU Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS Schlegel, J AF Bautista, E. Clemmens, A. J. Strelkoff, T. S. Schlegel, J. TI Modern analysis of surface irrigation systems with WinSRFR SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Surface irrigation; Irrigation model; Irrigation system evaluation; Irrigation management; Irrigation system design ID FURROW INFILTRATION; BORDER IRRIGATION; WETTED-PERIMETER; ADVANCE; TIME; FLOW; EQUATIONS AB WinSRFR is a new generation of software for analyzing surface irrigation systems. Founded on an unsteady flow hydraulic model, the software integrates event analysis, design, and operational analysis functionalities, in addition to simulation. This paper provides an overview of functionalities, interface, and architectural elements of the software, and discusses technical enhancements in version 2.1, released in late 2007, and version 3.1, scheduled for release in 2009. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bautista, E.; Clemmens, A. J.; Strelkoff, T. S.; Schlegel, J.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Bautista, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Eduardo.Bautista@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1146 EP 1154 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.03.007 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 449NU UT WOS:000266338100011 ER PT J AU Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS Niblack, M AF Bautista, E. Clemmens, A. J. Strelkoff, T. S. Niblack, M. TI Analysis of surface irrigation systems with WinSRFR-Example application SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Surface irrigation; Irrigation model; Irrigation system evaluation; Irrigation management; Irrigation system design AB WinSRFR is an integrated software package for analyzing surface irrigation systems. Software functionalities and technical features are described in a companion article. This article documents an example application. The analyzed field is a graded basin (close-ended border) irrigation system. The event analysis tools of WinSRFR are used first to evaluate performance of the irrigation system and estimate its infiltration and hydraulic roughness properties. Performance contours in the Operations Analysis World are then used to optimize irrigation system inflow rate and cutoff time. The adequacy of the existing design is examined with the performance contours provided in the Physical Design World. Hydraulic and practical constraints are considered in finding an optimal operation or design solution. Finally, sensitivity analyses are used to demonstrate the robustness of the solutions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bautista, E.; Clemmens, A. J.; Strelkoff, T. S.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Niblack, M.] US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Interior, Yuma Area Off, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. RP Bautista, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Eduardo.Bautista@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1162 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.03.009 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 449NU UT WOS:000266338100013 ER PT J AU Feldhake, CM AF Feldhake, Charles M. TI Forage evapotranspiration and photosynthetically active radiation interception in proximity to deciduous trees SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Advection; Cloudiness; Forest edge; Orchardgrass; Silvopasture; Tall fescue ID DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; APPALACHIAN REGION; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; LIGHT GRADIENT; EASTERN USA; SILVOPASTURE; AGROFORESTRY; PASTURE AB Practically all of the extensive body of research on evapotranspiration (ET) in agricultural systems has been done for open fields. There is a lack of information on how the microclimate variability within silvopasture systems affects water requirements of forages. Small 26 cm diameter, 23 cm deep lysimeters planted with either orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L) or tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub) were placed in the ground along the north and south edge of two 15 m wide x 50 m deep notches cleared into a mature second growth hardwood forest. One notch opened to pasture on the east receiving more early day solar radiation and one to pasture on the west receiving more wind and late day solar radiation. There was no significant difference in ET between orchardgrass and tall fescue. North edges, receiving more direct beam radiation, had significantly higher ET (39%) than south edges which received a higher percentage of diffuse radiation. The west notch had significantly higher ET (11%) than the east notch. At the sunniest sites, advection provided 20% of the energy used for ET while at the shadiest sites it provided more than half(56%) with the rest provided by incident solar radiation. Dates where photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was restricted by clouds resulted in decreased ET relative to PAR compared to more sunny days. However, sites where PAR was restricted by tree shade had higher ET relative to PAR than more open sites. These results indicate tree modification of microclimate does not decrease forage ET to the extent that PAR is decreased. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Feldhake, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM charlie.feldhake@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1170 EP 1174 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.02.011 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 449NU UT WOS:000266338100014 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Moore, MT Locke, MA Cullum, RF Steinriede, RW Testa, S Bryant, CT Cooper, CM AF Kroger, R. Moore, M. T. Locke, M. A. Cullum, R. F. Steinriede, R. W., Jr. Testa, S., III Bryant, C. T. Cooper, C. M. TI Evaluating the influence of wetland vegetation on chemical residence time in Mississippi Delta drainage ditches SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Drainage ditch; Residence time; Aquatic system ID CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; FLOW; WATER; PHYTOREMEDIATION; RESISTANCE; REMOVAL AB The presence of emergent vegetation within channelized aquatic environments has the capacity to provide a number of biological functions as well as alter the hydrology of the system. Vegetation within the channel exerts roughness, drag and friction on flowing water, reducing flow rates, increasing water depths and increasing hydraulic retention time. By increasing the hydraulic retention time, chemical residence time (CRT) is increased, thus improving the potential of pollutant mitigation. The study compared two geomorphologically similar drainage ditches, one vegetated and one non-vegetated to evaluate the effect obligate, in-stream wetland vegetation had on CRT. A fluoride (F(-)) tracer was amended to both ditches with nutrients and sediments to simulate stormwater runoff event. The measured CRT of the vegetated drainage ditch was at least twice that of the non-vegetated ditch. These results suggest that with the presence of vegetation increasing CRT, chemical removal rates will improve, and as a result increase the possibility of microbial transformation, adsorption, and macrophyte assimilation. By dredging or clear-scraping ditches and removing the vegetative component, farmers and managers alike will increase water flows, decrease CRT and potentially increase pollutant loads into aquatic receiving systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kroger, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Moore, M. T.; Locke, M. A.; Cullum, R. F.; Steinriede, R. W., Jr.; Testa, S., III; Bryant, C. T.; Cooper, C. M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM kroger@olemiss.edu NR 21 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1175 EP 1179 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.03.002 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 449NU UT WOS:000266338100015 ER PT J AU Jokela, WE Grabber, JH Karlen, DL Balser, TC Palmquist, DE AF Jokela, William E. Grabber, John H. Karlen, Douglas L. Balser, Teri C. Palmquist, Debra E. TI Cover Crop and Liquid Manure Effects on Soil Quality Indicators in a Corn Silage System SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SLURRY-AMENDED SOILS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CATTLE MANURE; PIG SLURRY; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; FATTY-ACIDS; CARBON AB Due to a lack of surface residue and organic matter inputs, continuous. corn (Zea mays L.) silage production is one of the most demanding cropping systems imposed on our soil resources. In this study, our objective was to determine if using cover/companion crops and/or applying low-solids liquid dairy manure could improve physical, chemical, and biological soil properties and overall soil quality. Corn was grown for 4 yr on a Bertrand silt loam in rotation with a living mulch of kura clover (KC, Trifolium ambiguum L.) or June-interseeded red clover (Trifolium pratese L.), and continuously with June-interseeded Italian ryegrass (IR, Lolium multiflorum L.), September-seeded winter rye (Secale cereale L.), or no cover crop. Extractable P and K, pH, soil organic matter (SOM), active C, water-stable aggregates, bulk density, penetrometer resistance, and microbial biomass/diversity were measured, and the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) soil quality index (SQI) was determined. Cover/companion crop treatments generally had more large macroaggregates, greater aggregate mean-weight diameter, and larger quantities of total microbial biomass and most lipid/microbial groups than no-cover treatments. Manure and starter fertilizer additions resulted in significant cover/companion crop treatment effects on extractable P and K. Liquid dairy manure alone did not improve any soil quality indicators. Although soil quality benefits of cover crops and manure are typically attributed to additions of organic C, we found no significant treatment effects on SOM content. However, the active, or labile, C fraction, was significantly increased by cover crops and showed good relationships with aggregate stability and microbial biomass. Overall, use of cover/companion crops appears beneficial for corn silage systems, but it may take more than 4 yr for some soil quality indicators to fully respond. C1 [Jokela, William E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Grabber, John H.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Karlen, Douglas L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Balser, Teri C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Palmquist, Debra E.] USDA ARS, MWA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jokela, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 2615 E 29th St, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM bill.jokela@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX This research was supported by USDA-Agricultural Research Service funds. We thank Craig Simson and Lee Massingill for their excellent technical assistance. NR 61 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 11 U2 56 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 101 IS 4 BP 727 EP 737 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0191 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472FH UT WOS:000268114700001 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Grabber, JH AF Powell, J. M. Grabber, J. H. TI Dietary Forage Impacts on Dairy Slurry Nitrogen Availability to Corn SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA EMISSIONS; MANURE; PROTEIN; CATTLE; SOILS; ALFALFA AB Precise feeding of protein and mineral supplement can maintain high levels of milk production and reduce nutrient excretion in dairy manure and losses to the environment. No information is available on the impacts of feeding different silages to dairy cattle (Bos taurus) on manure N cycling in soils. Slurry from dairy cattle fed rations containing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.; ALF), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; RCL), low-tannin birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.; LTBT), or high-tannin birdsfoot trefoil (HTBT) silages were applied to field plots during spring or spring + fall. After spring application, slurry type did not significantly impact soil pH, and only periodically impacted soil NH(4)-N and NO(3)-N. Corn (Zea mays L.) N uptake after spring application of ALF slurry was greater than after LBFT slurry application and control plots. Residual ALF slurry plots had 35% greater yield and 49% greater N uptake than control plots, followed by other slurries, which had from 17 to 22% greater yield and 29 to 36% greater N uptake than control plots. Corn yield and N uptake were not impacted by slurry types applied the previous fall. Average residual N recovery by corn in spring slurry-amended plots ranged from 20% (ALF) to 13% (RCL and LTBT). Total-N recovery was highest in ALF plots followed by HTBT and RCL. Low impact of applied slurry types was likely due to several interactive factors, including low rainfall, high indigenous soil N availability, and high response variability associated with indirect estimates of slurry N recovery. C1 [Powell, J. M.; Grabber, J. H.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.powell@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 101 IS 4 BP 747 EP 753 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0193x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472FH UT WOS:000268114700003 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Pikul, JL Jaradat, AA Schumacher, TE AF Riedell, Walter E. Pikul, Joseph L., Jr. Jaradat, Abdullah A. Schumacher, Thomas E. TI Crop Rotation and Nitrogen Input Effects on Soil Fertility, Maize Mineral Nutrition, Yield, and Seed Composition SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL MAIZE; NORTHERN CORN; GRAIN YIELDS; KERNEL OIL; FERTILIZATION; TILLAGE; SORGHUM; GROWTH; PRECIPITATION; PHOSPHORUS AB Knowledge of complex relationships between soils, crops, and management practices is necessary to develop sustainable agricultural production systems. Objectives were to determine how maize (Zea mays L.) would respond to monoculture (C-C), 2-yr rotation (C-S) with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.], or 4-yr rotation (C-S-W/A-A) with soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under different N input levels. We evaluated N fertilizer input (8-5 or 5.3 Mg/ha yield goal, or no N) and crop rotation (C-C, C-S, or C-S-W/A-A) treatment effects on soil minerals (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Min, and Zn) and their subsequent effect on shoot dry weight and mineral concentrations, grain yield, and grain composition (oil, starch, and mineral concentrations) using univariate and multivariate statistical tests. Soil under C-S-W/A-A rotation had greater NO(3)-N and less extractable P than other rotations. Significant input x rotation interactions revealed that shoot concentrations of N, Ca, and Mg were less while P, K, and Zn were greater at no N input for the C-C rotation compared with other N input/rotation treatments. Increased soil NO(3)-N, increased plant Ca concentration, and increased grain N and grain S concentrations were most important in differentiating C-S-W/A-A rotation from C-C and C-S rotation treatments. No N input resulted in less yield and kernel N concentration within the C-C and C-S rotations but not C-S-W/A-A. Thus, growing maize in extended rotations that include forage legumes may be a more sustainable practice than growing maize in either monoculture or 2-yr rotation with soybean. C1 [Riedell, Walter E.; Pikul, Joseph L., Jr.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Jaradat, Abdullah A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Schumacher, Thomas E.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM walter.riedell@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 101 IS 4 BP 870 EP 879 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0186x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472FH UT WOS:000268114700017 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JP Dellinger, AE Beegle, DB AF Schmidt, John P. Dellinger, Adam E. Beegle, Doug B. TI Nitrogen Recommendations for Corn: An On-The-Go Sensor Compared with Current Recommendation Methods SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CANOPY REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL METER; LEAF CHLOROPHYLL; GRAIN-YIELD; NITRATE; REQUIREMENTS; DEFICIENCY AB Precision agriculture technologies provide the capability to spatially vary N fertilizer applied to corn (Zea mays L.), potentially improving N use efficiency. The focus of this study was to evaluate the potential of improving N recommendations based on crop canopy reflectance. Corn was grown at four field sites in each of 2 yr in Centre County, Pennsylvania. Preplant treatments included: zero fertilizer, 56 kg N ha(-1), and manure. Split-plot treatments included the following N sidedress rates as NH(4)NO(3): 0, 22, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 280 kg N ha(-1), and one at-planting N rate of 280 kg N ha(-1). Light energy reflectance (590 and 880 nm), chlorophyll meter (SPAD) measurements, and the presidedress NO(3) test (PSNT) results were obtained at sidedress. The late-season stalk NO(3) (LSSN) test was determined. The economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) was determined based on grain yield response to sidedress N rates. Relative green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) and relative SPAD were based on relative measurements from the zero sidedress treatment to the 280 kg N ha(-1) at-planting treatment. The EONR from 24 preplant treatment-site combinations was related to relative GNDV1 (R(2) = 0.76), the PSNT (R(2) = 0.78), relative SPAD (R(2) = 0.72), and the LSSN test (R(2) = 0.64), suggesting that relative GNDVI was as good an indicator of EONR as these other, more conventional tests. Because relative GNDVI can be obtained simultaneously with a sidedress N fertilizer application, the potential to accommodate within-field spatial and season-to-season temporal variability in N availability should improve N management decisions for corn production. C1 [Schmidt, John P.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dellinger, Adam E.] USDA NRCS, Du Bois, PA 15801 USA. [Beegle, Doug B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Schmidt, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM john.schmidt@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 101 IS 4 BP 916 EP 924 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0231x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472FH UT WOS:000268114700022 ER PT J AU Lagae, HJ Langemeier, M Lybecker, D Barbarick, K AF Lagae, Hubert J. Langemeier, Michael Lybecker, Donald Barbarick, Kenneth TI Economic Value of Biosolids in a Semiarid Agroecosystem SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRYLAND WINTER-WHEAT; SOIL-WATER STORAGE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; SUSTAINABLE RATES; LAND APPLICATION; LIQUID SLUDGE AB Over half of the municipal biosolids generated in the United States are being applied to agricultural land. More information is needed on crop response to biosolids application and on the optimal level of the application from an economic prospective. With this in mind, data from two sites used in a long-term biosolids application study of an Eastern Colorado wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotation was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The site on which biosolids had been applied since 1982 showed little significant (p < 0.10) response to biosolids added for the years studied. These plots also averaged one third higher in total N in the top 20 cm of soil. The other site, started in 1993, showed a very significant response to biosolids. For this site, the estimated maximum wheat yield was obtained at a biosolids application rate of 9.0 Mg ha(-1). The economically optimal level of biosolids to apply depended on both the price of wheat and the cost of the biosolids. With wheat price of $0.20 kg(-1) (USD) and a cost for biosolids (including application cost) of $4.00 Mg(-1) the optimal level of biosolids applied was 7.3 Mg ha(-1). Given an N fertilizer price of $1.10 per kg, a producer could afford to pay $7.47 Mg(-1). Using biosolids as a soil amendment can have positive economic benefits; however, it needs to be monitored to avoid excessive nitrate accumulation or excessive levels of other nutrients or heavy metals. C1 [Lagae, Hubert J.] USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. [Langemeier, Michael] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Barbarick, Kenneth] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lybecker, Donald] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lagae, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. EM Hubert.Lagae@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740 FU Littleton and Englewood FX Since this research is the result of Hubert Lagae's masters thesis he would like to thank the following, some of whom were on his graduate committee, for their help in this study: Rudolf Bowman, Stephen Davies, John Loomis, Gary Peterson, Bill Parton, and Edward Sparling. He would also like to thank Lawrence Hagen and Amare Retta for their helpful advice. We are grateful tojim Ippolito for field work, data collection, and lab analysis. Funding for the study was provided by the municipalities of Littleton and Englewood. Finally we extend our appreciation to Elizabeth Yeager and Cliff Gruver for reading an earlier draft of the manuscript and for their helpful suggestions. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 101 IS 4 BP 933 EP 939 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0209x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472FH UT WOS:000268114700024 ER PT J AU Brennan, EB Boyd, NS Smith, RF Foster, P AF Brennan, Eric B. Boyd, Nathan S. Smith, Richard F. Foster, Phil TI Seeding Rate and Planting Arrangement Effects on Growth and Weed Suppression of a Legume-Oat Cover Crop for Organic Vegetable Systems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CORN ZEA-MAYS; SPRING WHEAT; SPATIAL UNIFORMITY; DRY-MATTER; YIELD; NITROGEN; DENSITY; MANAGEMENT; GRASS AB Winter cover crops can add soil organic matter, improve nutrient cycling, and suppress weeds in organic vegetable systems. A 2-yr study was conducted on organic farms in Salinas and Hollister, CA, to evaluate the effect of seeding rate (SR) and planting arrangement on cover crop density, ground cover, and cover crop and weed dry matter (DM) with a mixed cover crop. The mix contained legumes (35% Vicia faba L., bell bean; 15% Vicia dasycarpa Ten., woolypod vetch; 15% Vicia benghalensis L., purple vetch; and 25% Pisum sativum L., pea) and 10% oat (Avena sativa L.) by seed weight. Three SRs (112, 224, and 336 kg ha(-1)) and two planting arrangements (one-way versus grid pattern) were evaluated. Planting arrangement had no effect on the variables measured. When weeds were abundant, weed DM declined linearly with increasing SR from approximately 300 kg ha(-1) at the low SR to <100 kg ha(-1) at the high SR. Increasing SR increased oat and legume DM early in the season, but did not affect final cover crop DM that ranged from 7 to 12 Mg ha(-1). Year affected final cover crop DM production at both sites. The legume DM portion of the total cover crop declined through the season but varied between sites and year, probably due to soil and climatic differences. Higher SRs may be cost effective because weed control is expensive and cover crop seed is a relatively small component of cover cropping costs in this region. C1 [Brennan, Eric B.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Boyd, Nathan S.] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Smith, Richard F.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. [Foster, Phil] Ranches, San Juan Bautista, CA 95045 USA. RP Brennan, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Eric.Brennan@ars.usda.gov FU Organic Farming Research Foundation in Santa Cruz, CA FX The authors would like thank the farm crew at Phil Foster Ranches for help planting the experiment, and the insightful suggestions provided by Becky Grube, Steve Weinbaum, and two anonymous reviewers on the manuscript. We also thank Bruce Mackey for assistance with statistical analyses. Funding for this research was partially funded by a grant from the Organic Farming Research Foundation in Santa Cruz, CA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 101 IS 4 BP 979 EP 988 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0194x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472FH UT WOS:000268114700029 ER PT J AU Interrante, SM Sollenberger, LE Blount, AR White, UR Liu, K Coleman, SW AF Interrante, S. M. Sollenberger, L. E. Blount, A. R. White, U. R. Liu, K. Coleman, S. W. TI Defoliation Management of Bahiagrass Germplasm Affects Dry Matter Yield and Herbage Nutritive Value SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PENSACOLA BAHIAGRASS; GRAZING FREQUENCY; FLORIDA; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS; RESPONSES; PASTURES; QUALITY; PLANT AB Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) cultivars are daylength sensitive and have minimal cool-season production. A new bahiagrass breeding line is less daylength sensitive and more cold tolerant, but its dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value responses to defoliation treatments are unknown. A 3-yr field experiment studied effects of two stubble heights (4 and 8 cm) and two harvest frequencies (7 and 21 d) on diploids 'Pensacola', 'Tifton 9', and the less photoperiod-sensitive, cold-adapted (PCA) Cycle 4 bahiagrass; and the tetraploids 'Argentine' and Tifton 7. Stubble height had minimal effect on responses measured. When harvested every 7 d, Cycle 4 had the lowest and Argentine the greatest yield (8.4 vs. 11.8 Mg DM ha(-1)). When harvested every 21 d, Cycle 4 yield was similar to the other diploids (10.6 Mg DM ha(-1)) and less than the tetraploids (12.6 Mg DM ha(-1)). Cycle 4 yield distribution was similar to other diploids and generally greater in spring but less in summer than the tetraploids. Across defoliation treatments, Cycle 4 in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) averaged 546 to 562 g kg(-1) and was greater than all entries in 2006 and all but Tifton 9 in 2005. These data indicate that Cycle 4 was less productive than other bahiagrasses when harvested every 7 d during the warm season, as productive as other diploids at 21-d harvest intervals, and slightly more digestible than other currently used bahiagrasses. Inferior yield under frequent harvest may imply less defoliation tolerance, thus persistence of PCA Cycle 4 should be studied further. C1 [Sollenberger, L. E.; Liu, K.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Interrante, S. M.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Blount, A. R.] N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. [White, U. R.] Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Wauchula, FL 33873 USA. [Coleman, S. W.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Sollenberger, LE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lesollen@ufl.edu NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 101 IS 4 BP 989 EP 995 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0236x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472FH UT WOS:000268114700030 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Vick, BA Baldwin, BS Buehring, N Astatkie, T Johnson, B AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Vick, Brady A. Baldwin, Brian S. Buehring, Normie Astatkie, Tess Johnson, Billy TI Oil Content and Saturated Fatty Acids in Sunflower as a Function of Planting Date, Nitrogen Rate, and Hybrid SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED SUNFLOWER; NIGHT TEMPERATURE; USE EFFICIENCY; PALMITIC ACID; STEARIC-ACID; HIGH-PLAINS; SEED OIL; YIELD; GROWTH; QUALITY AB The fatty acids (FA) composition of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) determines its uses and health effects on humans, while oil content determines the price paid to producers. The hypothesis of this study was that agronomic factors (genotype, planting date, and N rate) will affect total saturated fatty acid (TSFA) concentration and oil content of sunflower. Additionally, Mississippi-grown sunflower will have a different FA composition than the original seeds produced in more northern latitudes and used for planting. A field experiment was performed in four locations in Mississippi (Newton, Starkville, and two locations in Verona) to assess the effect of planting date (20 April, 20 May, and 20 June), N application rate (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg N ha(-1)) and genotype (hybrid, DKF3875, DKF2990, DKF3510, and DKF3901) on sunflower seed oil content and composition. The TSFA and oil content were significantly affected by planting date, hybrid, and N rate. Overall, later planting dates increased TSFA relative to the first planting, and in most instances TSFA concentrations in sunflower from the third planting was higher than in seeds from the second. Generally, the first planting date provided the highest oil content of the four hybrids, the second planting reduced oil content, while the third was not different from the second. Our results suggest that an earlier planting date may reduce the TSFA and increase oil content of sunflower in Mississippi. Regarding individual FA, overall, palmitic (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0) concentrations in sunflower seed grown in Mississippi from the first planting were reduced relative to the respective concentrations in the original seed. Later planting tended to increase these two acids relative to the first planting and relative to the original seed. The three minor saturated fatty acids (SFA), arachidic (20:0), behenic (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0) followed a similar pattern. This study demonstrated that agricultural factors such as planting date, hybrid, and N rate may significantly modify FA composition and oil content of sunflower grown in Mississippi, suggesting that these could be used as management tools for decreased TSFA and increased oil content. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Buehring, Normie] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Vick, Brady A.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Baldwin, Brian S.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Astatkie, Tess] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dept Engn, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Johnson, Billy] Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Newton, MS 39345 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway 145 S,POB 1690, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu RI Astatkie, Tess/J-7231-2012 OI Astatkie, Tess/0000-0002-9779-8789 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1011 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0011 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472FH UT WOS:000268114700032 ER PT J AU Meek, DW Howell, TA Phene, CJ AF Meek, David W. Howell, Terry A. Phene, Claude J. TI Concordance Correlation for Model Performance Assessment: An Example with Reference Evapotranspiration Observations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; STATISTICAL-METHODS; ASSESSING AGREEMENT; VALIDATION AB The assessment procedures for agronomic model performance are often arbitrary and unhelpful. An omnibus analysis, the concordance correlation coefficient (r(c)), is widely used in many other sciences. This work illustrates model assessment with two r(c) measures accompanied with a mean-difference (MD) plot and a distribution comparison. Each r(c) is an adjusted value of the usual Pearson correlation coefficient, r, assuming the exact relationship observations = predictions. The adjustments use a scale shift, u, and a location shift, v. Both of these measures also can indicate the similarity of the two variables' distributions; however, a formal test, the Kolmorgov-Smirnov D statistic, is used to statistically compare the distributions. Daily evapotranspiration data (ET0) from a published study are compared with estimates from two possible weather observation based models. Although the first model has slightly lower r than the second (0.980 vs. 0.982), its predictions reasonably agree with observations by having comparatively small location and scale shifts [(u = 0.025, v = 1.10, D = 0.12 (p <= 0.86)] and, consequently, a higher r(c) (0.975 vs. 0.946). Results for the second model are comparatively unacceptable having larger scale and location shifts (u = 0.215, v = 1.19, D = 0.28 [p <= 0.04]) with the bias not equal 0 (p <= 0.05) as clearly shown in the associated MD plot. Researchers should consider using r(c) with an MD plot and distribution comparison in their model assessment toolkit because, together, they can provide a simple and sound probability based omnibus test as well as add useful insight. C1 [Meek, David W.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Howell, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Phene, Claude J.] USDA ARS, SDI, Clovis, CA 93619 USA. RP Meek, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Dave.Meek@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, IA FX This work was supported by the USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, IA, Dr. J.L. Hatfield, Director. Thanks to J.W. Singer, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA; R.P. Ewing, ISU, Ames, IA; and the journal reviewers for their valuable comments. This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Will. O. Pruitt, a long-term researcher and lecturer at the University of California at Davis. Bill Pruitt demonstrated the highest ethical and integrity research standards. Additionally, he provided a legacy for future generations of ET students at UC Davis. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1018 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0180x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472FH UT WOS:000268114700033 ER PT J AU Mallik, MAB Williams, RD AF Mallik, M. A. B. Williams, R. D. TI Allelopathic principles for sustainable agriculture SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Allelopathic crop plants; biocontrol of plant diseases; biofertilizer; bioherbicide; diazotrophs; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; plant residue; rhizobacteria; weed management ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN-FIXATION; BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; SYRINGAE PV. TAGETIS; RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; POTATO SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; PADDY WEED-CONTROL; PLANT-GROWTH; DOWNY BROME AB Allelopathic research in past few decades has shown the feasibility of weeds and plant diseases management by allelopathic crop plants, plant residues, cultural manipulation, microorganisms as bioherbicides, and rhizobacteria. Inconsistency between the effectiveness of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to stimulate the plant growth and yield in the laboratory and the field has been reported. This inconsistency in the field results from PGPR applications can only be remedied through the improved knowledge of interplay between the host and introduced PGPR inoculant in the rhizosphere under field conditions. Application of biofertilizer reduced the quantity of chemical fertilizer used for maintaining threshold levels of crop productivity. We hope this review will stimulate further research in a holistic approach to solve the agricultural problems and achieve economically profitable and environmentally benign sustainable agriculture. C1 [Williams, R. D.] Langston Univ, USDA ARS, GRL Res & Extens, Langston, OK 73050 USA. RP Williams, RD (reprint author), Langston Univ, USDA ARS, GRL Res & Extens, POB 1730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM Robert.Williams@ars.usda.gov NR 241 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL PI ROHTAK PA INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 34 PG 34 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 461HM UT WOS:000267255500001 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Sammataro, D Alarcon, R AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Sammataro, Diana Alarcon, Ruben TI THE IMPORTANCE OF MICROBES IN NUTRITION AND HEALTH OF HONEY BEE COLONIES PART II OF THREE PARTS SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA; POLLEN; MICROBIOLOGY; FUNGICIDES; GROWTH; BREAD C1 [DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria; Sammataro, Diana; Alarcon, Ruben] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 149 IS 7 BP 667 EP 669 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 465ET UT WOS:000267565400015 ER PT J AU Imamura, F Jacques, PF Herrington, DM Dallal, GE Lichtenstein, AH AF Imamura, Fumiaki Jacques, Paul F. Herrington, David M. Dallal, Gerard E. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Adherence to 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans is associated with a reduced progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis in women with established coronary artery disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY SCALE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; WHOLE-GRAIN INTAKE; LIFE-STYLE; HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE AB Background: A premise of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) is chronic disease prevention. Objective: The goal was to determine whether a diet meeting the DGA is associated with less atherosclerotic lesion progression. Design: We used the data from 224 postmenopausal women with established coronary artery disease enrolled in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis Study. Atherosclerosis progression was defined by repeated measures of quantitative angiography over a 3-y period. Adherence to the key DGA recommendations was measured by using the DGA Adherence Index (DGAI; possible range: 0-20), with each component weighted equally, and the modified DGAI score (wDGAI; possible range: -0.19-0.51), with each component weighted based on its relation to atherosclerosis progression. Mixed-model regression analyses were performed to assess the association between diet and atherosclerosis progression. Results: No women consumed a diet meeting all of the DGA recommendations. The mean (range) of the DGAI score was 14.1 (8.0-19.0). DGAI was not associated with atherosclerosis progression (P = 0.44), whereas wDGAI was inversely associated; a 1-SD difference in wDGAI was related to 0.049-mm less narrowing of the coronary arteries (SE = 0.017, P = 0.004). Conclusions: In postmenopausal women with established heart disease, under the assumption that all DGA recommendations are similarly effective, overall adherence was not associated with atherosclerosis progression. However, assigning differential weights to the DGA recommendations, the adherence was significantly associated with slower atherosclerosis progression. Assuming equity of associations between all dietary recommendations and disease outcomes is a limitation in accurately examining the effectiveness of the DGA. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 193-201. C1 [Imamura, Fumiaki; Jacques, Paul F.; Dallal, Gerard E.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Herrington, David M.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med Cardiol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu OI Imamura, Fumiaki/0000-0002-6841-8396 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01 HL 45488]; NIH [HL 54727]; National Center for Research Resources General Clinical Research Center [Mo1 rr07122]; US Department of Agriculture [58 1950 9 001] FX Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01 HL 45488 and NIH HL 54727), National Center for Research Resources General Clinical Research Center (Mo1 rr07122), and US Department of Agriculture ( Agreement no. 58 1950 9 001). NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 1 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27576 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 462RK UT WOS:000267373200026 PM 19439455 ER PT J AU Imamura, F Lichtenstein, AH Dallal, GE Meigs, JB Jacques, PF AF Imamura, Fumiaki Lichtenstein, Alice H. Dallal, Gerard E. Meigs, James B. Jacques, Paul F. TI Confounding by Dietary Patterns of the Inverse Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Risk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; bias (epidemiology); confounding factors (epidemiology); diabetes mellitus; type 2; diet; factor analysis; statistical; least-squares analysis; proportional hazards models ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; PROPENSITY SCORE; NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; DRINKING PATTERNS; HEART-DISEASE; VALIDITY; REPRODUCIBILITY; FRAMINGHAM; MELLITUS; BIAS AB The ability to interpret epidemiologic observations is limited because of potential residual confounding by correlated dietary components. Dietary pattern analyses by factor analysis or partial least squares may overcome the limitation. To examine confounding by dietary pattern as well as standard risk factors and selected nutrients, the authors modeled the longitudinal association between alcohol consumption and 7-year risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2,879 healthy adults enrolled in the Framingham Offspring Study (1991-2001) by Cox proportional hazard models. After adjustment for standard risk factors, consumers of >= 9.0 drinks/week had a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with abstainers (hazard ratio = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 0.81). Adjustment for selected nutrients had little effect on the hazard ratio, whereas adjustment for dietary pattern variables by factor analysis significantly shifted the hazard ratio away from null (hazard ratio = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.64) by 40.0% (95% CI: 16.8, 57.0; P = 0.002). Dietary pattern variables by partial least squares showed similar results. Therefore, the observed inverse association, consistent with past studies, was confounded by dietary patterns, and this confounding was not captured by individual nutrient adjustment. The data suggest that alcohol intake, not dietary patterns associated with alcohol intake, is responsible for the observed inverse association with type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. C1 [Imamura, Fumiaki; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Dallal, Gerard E.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Imamura, Fumiaki; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Dallal, Gerard E.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.jacques@tufts.edu OI Imamura, Fumiaki/0000-0002-6841-8396 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01HC25195, N01-HC-25195]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K24-DK090140] NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 170 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp096 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 463NZ UT WOS:000267440200005 PM 19429876 ER PT J AU Arsenault, LN Matthan, N Scott, TM Dallal, G Lichtenstein, AH Folstein, MF Rosenberg, I Tucker, KL AF Arsenault, Lisa N. Matthan, Nirupa Scott, Tammy M. Dallal, Gerard Lichtenstein, Alice H. Folstein, Marshal F. Rosenberg, Irwin Tucker, Katherine L. TI Validity of Estimated Dietary Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Intakes Determined by Interviewer-Administered Food Frequency Questionnaire Among Older Adults With Mild-to-Moderate Cognitive Impairment or Dementia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aged; aged; 80 and over; dementia; epidemiologic methods; fatty acids; omega-3; mental recall; nutrition assessment; questionnaires ID ELDERLY POPULATION; AGE-DIFFERENCES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FATTY-ACIDS; REPRODUCIBILITY; WOMEN; VALIDATION; BIOMARKERS; PLASMA; HEALTH AB Epidemiologic research is increasingly being focused on elderly persons, many of whom exhibit mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. This presents a challenge for collection and interpretation of self-reported dietary data. There are few reports on the impact of cognitive function and dementia on the validity of self-reported dietary intakes. Using plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles as a biomarker of intake, the authors assessed the validity of an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate intakes of 2 marine-based omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), among 273 community-dwelling adults aged >= 60 years participating in the Nutrition, Aging, and Memory in Elders Study (Boston, Massachusetts, 2002-2008). Age- and energy-adjusted Pearson correlation coefficients for correlations between dietary intakes and plasma phospholipids were consistent across categories of high and low cognitive function (r = 0.48), based on Mini-Mental State Examination score, and were similar across clinically diagnosed categories of normal functioning (r = 0.49), mild cognitive impairment (r = 0.45), and dementia (r = 0.52). The FFQ ranked 78% of subjects to within 1 quartile of their plasma phospholipid EPA + DHA quartile. This frequency was consistently high across all cognitive categories. With interviewer administration, this FFQ seems to be a valid method of assessing dietary EPA + DHA intake in older adults with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. C1 [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02124 USA. [Matthan, Nirupa; Dallal, Gerard; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Rosenberg, Irwin; Tucker, Katherine L.] Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. [Scott, Tammy M.; Folstein, Marshal F.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Scott, Tammy M.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Rosenberg, Irwin] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02124 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02124 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000054, MO1-RR00054]; NIA NIH HHS [AG21790-01, R01 AG021790] NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 170 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp089 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 463NZ UT WOS:000267440200012 PM 19433614 ER PT J AU Altwaijri, YA Day, RS Harrist, RB Dwyer, JT Ausman, LM Labarthe, DR AF Altwaijri, Yasmin A. Day, R. Sue Harrist, Ronald B. Dwyer, Johanna T. Ausman, Lynne M. Labarthe, Darwin R. TI Sexual Maturation Affects Diet-Blood Total Cholesterol Association in Children Project HeartBeat! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; SERUM-LIPIDS; NATURAL-HISTORY; OSLO YOUTH; PUBERTY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FAT; SCHOOLCHILDREN; ADOLESCENCE AB Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) does not become clinically manifest until adulthood. However, children and young adults have evidence of atheromatous lesions and fatty streaks in their aortas and coronary vessels. Most longitudinal studies in children are not designed to evaluate the dynamics of change in CVD risk factors. There is a need to describe the trajectory of CVD risk factors as growth processes, to better understand their relationships. This Study assesses the associations between dietary variables and blood total cholesterol concentration (BTCC) among children and adolescents aged 8-18 years after adjustment for sexual maturation. Methods: There were 678 boys and girls aged 8, 11, and 14 years at baseline who were followed for up to 4 years, allowing the creation of a synthetic cohort analytically, from ages 8-18 years. Multilevel modeling was used to longitudinally assess BTCC, dietary intake, Tanner stage, and BMI. Results: For every 1-mg/day increase in dietary cholesterol, BTCC increased by 0.012 mg/dL. However, no associations were evident between BTCC and dietary total fat, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or monounsaturated fatty acids. In girls, none of the dietary variables was significantly associated with BTCC after controlling for Tanner stage for breast. In boys, with the exception of dietary cholesterol, no other dietary variable was significantly associated with BTCC after controlling for Tanner stage for genitalia. Conclusions: Sexual maturation exerts a strong influence on BTCC in children and adolescents aged 8-18 years, obscuring most associations between diet and BTCC. The inclusion of sexual maturity stage is important in studies of blood lipids among children and adolescents. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(1S):S65-S70) (C) 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Altwaijri, Yasmin A.] King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. [Day, R. Sue; Harrist, Ronald B.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Med Ctr Hosp, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.; Ausman, Lynne M.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.; Ausman, Lynne M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ausman, Lynne M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Labarthe, Darwin R.] CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Altwaijri, YA (reprint author), King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, POB 3354,MBC 03, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. EM YasminT@kfshrc.edu.sa OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01-HL-41166]; Southwest Center for Prevention Research [U48/CCU609653]; Compaq Computer Corporation as well as the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; School of Public Health; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) [58-1950-9-001] FX This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), under agreement No. 58-1950-9-001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP S65 EP S70 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.007 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 462IF UT WOS:000267343900010 PM 19524158 ER PT J AU Folta, SC Lichtenstein, AH Seguin, RA Goldberg, JP Kuder, JF Nelson, ME AF Folta, Sara C. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Seguin, Rebecca A. Goldberg, Jeanne P. Kuder, Julia F. Nelson, Miriam E. TI The StrongWomen-Healthy Hearts Program: Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Rural Sedentary, Overweight, and Obese Midlife and Older Women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER; 2-KM WALK TEST; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; WISEWOMAN PROJECT; UNITED-STATES; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; WEIGHT MANAGEMENT; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB Objectives. We tested a community-based intervention designed to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in sedentary midlife and older women who were overweight or obese. Methods. In a randomized controlled trial conducted in 8 counties in Arkansas and Kansas, counties were assigned to the intervention (a 12-week twice-weekly heart health program) group or to the delayed-intervention control group. Ten to fifteen women were selected from each site, and participants' weight, waist circumference, diet, physical activity, and self-efficacy were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with multiple regressions. Results. Compared with the control group, participants in the intervention group had a significant decrease in body weight (-2.1 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-3.2, -1.0), waist circumference (-2.3 in; 95% CI=-4.2, -0.5), and energy intake (-390 kcal/day; 95% CI=-598, -183); an increase in activity (+1637 steps/day; 95% CI=712, 2562); and an increase in self-efficacy for dietary and physical activity behaviors. Conclusions. Our results suggest that a community-based program can improve self-efficacy, increase physical activity, and decrease energy intake, resulting in decreased waist circumference and body weight among at-risk women. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:1271-1277. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.145581) C1 [Folta, Sara C.; Seguin, Rebecca A.; Goldberg, Jeanne P.; Kuder, Julia F.; Nelson, Miriam E.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, John Hancock Ctr Phys Act & Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Folta, SC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, John Hancock Ctr Phys Act & Nutr, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sara.folta@tufts.edu FU Fannie E. Rippel Foundation; John Hancock Financial Services, Inc FX We acknowledge the CSREES educators and state coordinators in Arkansas and Kansas. NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2009 VL 99 IS 7 BP 1271 EP 1277 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2008.145581 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 463CL UT WOS:000267406100025 PM 19443826 ER PT J AU Green, BT Welch, KD Gardner, DR Stegelmeier, BL Davis, TZ Cook, D Lee, ST Pfister, JA Panter, KE AF Green, Benedict T. Welch, Kevin D. Gardner, Dale R. Stegelmeier, Bryan L. Davis, T. Zane Cook, Daniel Lee, Stephen T. Pfister, James A. Panter, Kip E. TI Serum elimination profiles of methyllycaconitine and deltaline in cattle following oral administration of larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; TOXICITY; ACETYLCHOLINE; MICE AB Objective-To describe the simple elimination kinetics of methyllycaconitine (MLA) and deltaline and evaluate the heart rate response in cattle following oral administration of larkspur. Animals-5 healthy Angus steers that were habituated to metabolism crates Procedures-Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) in the early flowering stage was collected, dried, and ground. Each steer received a single dose of larkspur that was equivalent to 10.4 mg of MLA/kg and 11.0 mg of deltaline/kg via oral administration. Steers were housed in metabolism crates during a 96-hour period following larkspur administration; heart rate was monitored continuously, and blood samples were collected periodically for analysis of serum MLA and deltaline concentrations as well as assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters. Results-No overt clinical signs of poisoning developed in any steer during the experiment. Mean SE heart rate reached a maximum of 79.0 +/- 5.0 beats/min at 17 hours after larkspur administration. Serum MLA concentration was correlated directly with heart rate. Mean times to maximal serum concentration of MLA and deltaline were 8.8 +/- 1.2 hours and 5.0 0.6 hours, respectively. Mean elimination half-life values for MLA and deltaline were 20.5 +/- 4.1 hours and 8.2 +/- 0.6 hours, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Following larkspur administration in 5 healthy steers, maximum serum concentrations of MLA and deltaline were detected within 10 hours, and changes in serum MLA concentration and heart rate were correlated. Results indicated that cattle that have consumed larkspur will eliminate 99% of MLA and deltaline from serum within 144 hours. (Am J Vet Res 2009;70:926-931) C1 [Green, Benedict T.; Welch, Kevin D.; Gardner, Dale R.; Stegelmeier, Bryan L.; Davis, T. Zane; Cook, Daniel; Lee, Stephen T.; Pfister, James A.; Panter, Kip E.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Green, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 70 IS 7 BP 926 EP 931 DI 10.2460/ajvr.70.7.926 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 465ZO UT WOS:000267629900015 PM 19566479 ER PT J AU Bryant, JP Clausen, TP Swihart, RK Landhausser, SM Stevens, MT Hawkins, CDB Carriere, S Kirilenko, AP Veitch, AM Popko, RA Cleland, DT Williams, JH Jakubas, WJ Carlson, MR Bodony, KL Cebrian, M Paragi, TF Picone, PM Moore, JE Packee, EC Malone, T AF Bryant, John P. Clausen, Thomas P. Swihart, Robert K. Landhaeusser, Simon M. Stevens, Michael T. Hawkins, Christopher D. B. Carriere, Suzanne Kirilenko, Andrei P. Veitch, Alasdair M. Popko, Richard A. Cleland, David T. Williams, Joseph H. Jakubas, Walter J. Carlson, Michael R. Bodony, Karin Lehmkuhl Cebrian, Merben Paragi, Thomas F. Picone, Peter M. Moore, Jeffrey E. Packee, Edmond C. Malone, Thomas TI Fire Drives Transcontinental Variation in Tree Birch Defense against Browsing by Snowshoe Hares SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE tree birch; snowshoe hare; forest fire; antibrowsing defense; selection mosaic ID WINTER CHEMICAL DEFENSE; CARBON NUTRIENT BALANCE; BETULA-PENDULA ROTH; ALASKA PAPER BIRCH; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; POPULATION BIOLOGY; WOODY-PLANTS; SALT MARSHES; ARMS-RACE; SELECTION AB Fire has been the dominant disturbance in boreal America since the Pleistocene, resulting in a spatial mosaic in which the most fire occurs in the continental northwest. Spatial variation in snowshoe hare ( Lepus americanus) density reflects the fire mosaic. Because fire initiates secondary forest succession, a fire mosaic creates variation in the abundance of early successional plants that snowshoe hares eat in winter, leading to geographic variation in hare density. We hypothesize that fire is the template for a geographic mosaic of natural selection: where fire is greatest and hares are most abundant, hare browsing has most strongly selected juvenile-phase woody plants for defense. We tested the hypothesis at multiple spatial scales using Alaska birch (Betula neoalaskana) and white birch (Betula papyrifera). We also examined five alternative hypotheses for geographic variation in antibrowsing defense. The fire-hare-defense hypothesis was supported at transcontinental, regional, and local scales; alternative hypotheses were rejected. Our results link transcontinental variation in species interactions to an abiotic environmental driver, fire. Intakes of defense toxins by Alaskan hares exceed those by Wisconsin hares, suggesting that the proposed selection mosaic may coincide with a geographic mosaic of coevolution. C1 [Clausen, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Swihart, Robert K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Landhaeusser, Simon M.] Univ Alberta, Ctr Enhanced Forest Management, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Stevens, Michael T.] Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Turlock, CA 95382 USA. [Hawkins, Christopher D. B.] Univ No British Columbia, Forestry Program, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. [Carriere, Suzanne] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 3S8, Canada. [Kirilenko, Andrei P.] Univ N Dakota, Sch Aerosp Sci, Dept Earth Sci Sci & Policy, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Veitch, Alasdair M.; Popko, Richard A.] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Norman Wells, NT X0E 0V0, Canada. [Cleland, David T.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Reg Off, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Cleland, David T.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Williams, Joseph H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jakubas, Walter J.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Carlson, Michael R.] Kalamalka Forestry Ctr, British Columbia Minist Forests & Range, Vernon, BC V1B 2C7, Canada. [Bodony, Karin Lehmkuhl] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Galena, AK 99741 USA. [Cebrian, Merben] US Dept Interior Bur Land Management, Glennallen Field Off, Glennallen, AK 99588 USA. [Paragi, Thomas F.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat Reg 3, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Picone, Peter M.] Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Sess Woods Wildlife Management Area, Burlington, CT 06013 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey E.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Packee, Edmond C.; Malone, Thomas] Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bryant, JP (reprint author), Box 306, Cora, WY 82825 USA. EM ffjpb@wyoming.com RI Williams, Joseph/E-2227-2011; Swihart, Rob/D-2787-2016; Landhausser, Simon/F-9910-2016; OI Landhausser, Simon/0000-0002-4466-1607; Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-3267-2285 FU National Science Foundation FX M. Price and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank the following organizations and individuals for providing fire data, birch collection coordinates, and birch twig samples: museums of the University of Alaska, University of Alberta, University of British Columbia, University of Toronto, University of Manitoba-Province of Manitoba; Daishowa-Marubeni International Peace River Pulp Division, Manitoba Forestry Association, Service Canadian des Forets/Centre de Foresterie des Laurentides, University of Alaska School of Natural Resources, U. S. Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management Alaska Fire Service, Manitoba Forestry Association, National Tree Seed Centre of Canada, Prince Albert National Park, Connecticut Department of Natural Resources, Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment, Lawyer's Nurseries, J. Agapow, M. Ayers, A. Batten, S. Brown, F. S. Chapin III, B. Charlton, R. Cross, B. Daigle, R. Decker, T. Dickenson, J. Dugle, D. Frandsen, S. Gauthier, L. Halladay, J. Klapecki, K. Knowles, F. Niemei, M. O'Donoghue, C. Parker, H. Piene, I. Pines, T. Powel, E. Punter, I. Waters, and J. Zasada. Alaska temperature data were provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Earth Observing Laboratory under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 84 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 26 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 174 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1086/599304 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 452UJ UT WOS:000266566400002 PM 19422319 ER PT J AU Mattoo, AK AF Mattoo, Autar K. TI Deciphering functions of poly-plural polyamines via novel transgenic plant systems SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mattoo, Autar K.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0939-4451 EI 1438-2199 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 SU S BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 468MN UT WOS:000267823800174 ER PT J AU Minocha, SC Mohapatra, S Minocha, R Lee, L AF Minocha, Subhash C. Mohapatra, Sridev Minocha, Rakesh Lee, Lucas TI Pleiotropic effects of manipulating putrescine metabolism on the cellular transcriptome and the metabolome SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Minocha, Subhash C.; Mohapatra, Sridev] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Minocha, Rakesh] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Lee, Lucas] Univ Illinois, Roy J Carver Biotechnol Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0939-4451 EI 1438-2199 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 SU S BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 468MN UT WOS:000267823800173 ER PT J AU Fu, XY Peterson, JW Hdeib, M Booth, SL Grusak, MA Lichtenstein, AH Dolnikowski, GG AF Fu, Xueyan Peterson, James W. Hdeib, Mona Booth, Sarah L. Grusak, Michael A. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Dolnikowski, Gregory G. TI Measurement of Deuterium-Labeled Phylloquinone in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-K; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN SERUM; DIETARY; MEN; ABSORPTION; WOMEN; HPLC AB Phylloquinone (vitamin K(1)) is a lipophilic compound present in plasma at low concentrations, which presents technical challenges for determining its bioavailability or metabolic fate using stable isotopes. We developed a method to simultaneously measure unlabeled and deuterium-labeled phylloquinone concentrations in plasma specimens using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LC-APCI/MS). Phylloquinone was extracted from plasma using hexane, further purified by solid-phase extraction, and then quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with an APCI/MS as a detector. Plotting the expected versus the measured amount of serial dilutions of either unlabeled or labeled phylloquinone gave correlation coefficients (R) of 0.999 for both compounds. The minimum detectable concentrations of unlabeled and labeled phylloquinone were 0.05 and 0.08 pmol/injection, respectively. Pooled plasma samples spiked with between 0.5 and 32 nmol phylloquinone/L gave average recoveries of 96.7% with 5.4% relative standard deviation (RSD) for unlabeled phylloquinone and 96.2% with 6.6% RSD for labeled phylloquinone. Plasma phylloquinone concentrations determined by LC-fluorescence and LC-APCI/MS methods from healthy subjects (n = 17) were not statistically different (P = 0.13). The LC-APCI/MS method is a sensitive technique for simultaneous determination of both unlabeled and labeled phylloquinone and can be applied to bioavailability studies. C1 [Fu, Xueyan; Peterson, James W.; Hdeib, Mona; Booth, Sarah L.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Dolnikowski, Gregory G.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Sarah.booth@tufts.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; National Institutes of Health [DK069341] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707 and the National Institutes of Health (DK069341). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. No authors report a conflict of interest. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 13 BP 5421 EP 5425 DI 10.1021/ac900732w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 465TD UT WOS:000267609500042 PM 19563214 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Rojas, MG Groot, AT Morales-Ramos, J Abel, CA AF Blanco, Carlos A. Rojas, M. Guadalupe Groot, Astrid T. Morales-Ramos, Juan Abel, Craig A. TI Size and Chemical Composition of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Spermatophores SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE tobacco budworm; polygyny; male feeding; spermatophore weight; spermatophore color ID MALE MATING HISTORY; BICYCLUS-ANYNANA LEPIDOPTERA; TOBACCO BUDWORM; PATERNAL INVESTMENT; SEXUAL SELECTION; MODEL-SYSTEM; PIERIS-NAPI; BUTTERFLIES; FECUNDITY; LONGEVITY AB The tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyandrous species of economic importance oil the American continent. This sexual behavior allows for the presence of multiple spermatophores inside a female and the possibility of different males fertilizing the female's offspring, which call make insecticide resistance management or sterile insect release programs particularly challenging. The presence of spermatophores in a female can greatly influence her behavior, physiology, and Offspring production. The role that these reproductive structures have is directly influenced by their size and the amount and type of Substances that they contain as they are passed into the female during copulation. tit this Study, we investigated the role that male feeding has oil mating potential, including the basic chemical composition and coloration of three sequentially produced Spermatophores by male moths that were fed nothing, water, Sucrose solution, or nectar. Male moth feeding had a direct influence oil spermatophore weight, which was used as an indicator of polyandrous behavior. Nectar-fed Moths produced heavier spermatophores and Copulated in greater proportion than moths exposed to the other treatments. The total sugar and protein content of spermatophores was not influenced by the type of male feeding. Red or pink spermatophores were more prevalent in the first-produced spermatophores, diminishing ill proportion oil the second, and increasing again oil the third-produced spermatophore, but this Coloration proportion,,vas prevalent of males not fed or fed only water. There were no differences in the chemical composition of the different colored spermatophores. These results indicate that polygynous behavior oil H. virescens can be influenced by the type of male feeding. C1 [Blanco, Carlos A.; Abel, Craig A.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Rojas, M. Guadalupe; Morales-Ramos, Juan] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Groot, Astrid T.] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Entomol, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM carlos.blanco@ars.usda.gov RI Groot, Astrid/A-8954-2013; OI Groot, Astrid/0000-0001-9595-0161; Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 629 EP 637 DI 10.1603/008.102.0407 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 465SA UT WOS:000267606100007 ER PT J AU Delaney, DA Meixner, MD Schiff, NM Sheppard, WS AF Delaney, D. A. Meixner, M. D. Schiff, N. M. Sheppard, W. S. TI Genetic Characterization of Commercial Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Populations in the United States by Using Mitochondrial and Microsatellite Markers SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; Apis mellifiera; commercial populations; mitochondrial DNA; microsatellites ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; DNA; DIVERSITY; HISTORY; ORIGIN; L.; DIFFERENTIATION; COLONIES; AFRICA; RACES AB Genetic diversity levels within and between the two commercial breeding areas in the United States were analyzed using the DraI restriction fragment length polymorphism of the COI-COII mitochondrial region and 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci. The western commercial breeding population (WCBP) and the southeastern commercial breeding population (SCBP) were sampled in 1993-1994 and again in 2004-2005. The goal of this study was to characterize the genetic composition of these populations and to measure potential changes in genetic diversity and composition across the sampling period. The mitochondrial DNA haplotypes C1 and C2, characteristic of the most popular bee strains (Italians and Carniolans, respectively) sold in the United States, were the dominant haplotypes at both sample dates. The frequency of Apis mellifera mellifera M haplotypes, M4, M7, and M7', decreased during the 10-yr span. An A1 haplotype characteristic of Africanized bees was found in the SCBP from 2005. Microsatellite analysis showed there was a loss of alleles in both the WCBP and SCBP, but the losses were not significant due to simultaneous gains of new alleles into these populations between 1993 and 2005. Genetic differences that occurred between the 1993-1994 WCBP and SCBP were still detectable in these populations sampled a decade later, suggesting that these populations could be useful sources of diversity for each other in the future. C1 [Delaney, D. A.; Sheppard, W. S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Meixner, M. D.] Bieneninst Kirchhain, Landesbetrieb Landwirtschaft Hessen, D-35274 Kirchhain, Germany. [Schiff, N. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, SRS Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res 4155, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Delaney, DA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, FSHN 166, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dadelane@ncsu.edu NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 666 EP 673 DI 10.1603/008.102.0411 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 465SA UT WOS:000267606100011 ER PT J AU Scholl, D Cooley, M Williams, SR Gebhart, D Martin, D Bates, A Mandrell, R AF Scholl, Dean Cooley, Mike Williams, Steve R. Gebhart, Dana Martin, David Bates, Anna Mandrell, Robert TI An Engineered R-Type Pyocin Is a Highly Specific and Sensitive Bactericidal Agent for the Food-Borne Pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; TAIL-LIKE BACTERIOCIN; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; UNITED-STATES; O157-H7; PROTEIN; GENOME; PHAGE; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAKS AB Some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce R-type pyocins, which are high-molecular-weight phage tail-like protein complexes that have bactericidal activity against other Pseudomonas strains. These particles recognize and bind to bacterial surface structures via tail fibers, their primary spectrum determinant. R-type pyocins kill the cell by contracting a sheath-like structure and inserting their hollow core through the cell envelope, resulting in dissipation of the cellular membrane potential. We have retargeted an R-type pyocin to Escherichia coli O157:H7 by fusing a tail spike protein from an O157-specific phage, phi V10, to the pyocin tail fiber. The phi V10 tail spike protein recognizes and degrades the O157 lipopolysaccharide. This engineered pyocin, termed AVR2-V10, is sensitive and specific, killing 100% of diverse E. coli O157: H7 isolates but no other serotypes tested. AVR2-V10 can kill E. coli O157: H7 on beef surfaces, making it a candidate agent for the elimination of this pathogen from food products. All rare AVR2-V10-resistant mutants isolated and examined have lost the ability to produce the O157 antigen and are expected to have compromised virulence. In addition, E. coli O157:H7 exposed to and killed by AVR2-V10 do not release Shiga toxin, as is often the case with many antibiotics, suggesting potential therapeutic applications. The demonstration that a novel R-type pyocin can be created in the laboratory by fusing a catalytic tail spike from the family Podoviridae to a tail fiber of a member of the family Myoviridae is evidence that the plasticity observed among bacteriophage tail genes can, with modern molecular techniques, be exploited to produce nonnatural, targeted antimicrobial agents. C1 [Scholl, Dean; Williams, Steve R.; Gebhart, Dana; Martin, David] AvidBiotics Corp, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Cooley, Mike; Bates, Anna; Mandrell, Robert] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Scholl, D (reprint author), AvidBiotics Corp, 300 Utah Ave, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. EM dean@avidbiotics.com FU USDA-ARS CRIS [532542000-045-00D]; USDA-CSREES [2006-01240, 2007-02029] FX We thank Richard Calendar for helpful discussions. Part of this work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project 532542000-045-00D and grants from USDA-CSREES section 32.1 (projects 2006-01240 and 2007-02029). NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 53 IS 7 BP 3074 EP 3080 DI 10.1128/AAC.01660-08 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 462LL UT WOS:000267354000053 PM 19349519 ER PT J AU Eyer, M Chen, YP Schafer, MO Pettis, J Neumann, P AF Eyer, Michael Chen, Yan Ping Schaefer, Marc Oliver Pettis, Jeff Neumann, Peter TI Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, as a potential biological vector of honeybee viruses SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Aethina tumida; biological vector; deformed wing virus; honeybees; small hive beetle ID DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA L.; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; PARALYSIS VIRUS; SCIENTIFIC NOTE; SACBROOD VIRUS; PCR ANALYSIS; RT-PCR; RNA; NITIDULIDAE AB The small hive beetle (SHB, Aethina tumida) is a parasite and scavenger of honeybee colonies. Here, we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the potential of SHB as a vector of honeybee viruses. Using RT-PCR methods, Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) was detected in adult SHBs that: (1) were fed with dead workers with deformed wings, (2) were fed with DWV-positive brood, and (3) were associated with DWV-contaminated wax. SHB became significantly more often infected through feeding on virus infected workers, brood and the virus contaminated wax compared to pollen and the controls, where no infections were found. DWV was also detected in adult SHB after trophallaxis with infected workers. Further, among SHBs identified as DWV-positive, 40% of beetles carried negative stranded RNA of DWV, indicating virus replication. Our results suggest that SHB can be infected with honeybee viruses via food-borne transmission and have the potential of being a biological vector of honeybee viruses. C1 [Eyer, Michael; Schaefer, Marc Oliver; Neumann, Peter] Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Chen, Yan Ping; Pettis, Jeff] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schaefer, Marc Oliver] Chem & Veterinaruntersuchungsamt Freiburg CVUA, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. [Neumann, Peter] Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Neumann, Peter] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Neumann, P (reprint author), Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. EM peter.neumann@alp.admin.ch NR 49 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 19 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1051/apido:2008051 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 468PW UT WOS:000267832900001 ER PT J AU Huang, MH DeGrandi-Hoffman, G LeBlanc, B AF Huang, Ming Hua DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria LeBlanc, Blaise TI Comparisons of the queen volatile compounds of instrumentally inseminated versus naturally mated honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE E-beta-ocimene; queen acceptance; n-decanal; n-octanal; 2-phenylethanol ID PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; GLAND; COLONIES; RESPONSES; CARNICA; BROOD AB Instrumental insemination is an attractive alternative to natural mating because specific genetic crosses can be made, thus producing colonies with desired traits. However, there are conflicting reports on the quality and acceptance of instrumentally inseminated (II) queens compared to naturally mated (NM) queens. One factor that affects acceptance and retention of queens is the volatile compounds they produce. Our study compared volatile chemicals from virgin and mated honey bee queens that were either NM or II. The volatile compounds from virgin queens differed from those of mated egg-laying queens. Virgin queens produced greater relative amounts of the volatile compounds we detected ( including 2-phenylethanol, n-octanal, and n-decanal) with the exception of E-beta-ocimene, which was higher in mated laying queens. II and NM queens did not differ in type or relative amounts of volatile compounds. The similarities between II and NM queens indicate that the physiological changes that happen after mating and egg laying occur regardless of the mating method. C1 [Huang, Ming Hua] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria; LeBlanc, Blaise] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Huang, MH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Forbes 410,POB 2100 36, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mhuang@ag.arizona.edu NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP 464 EP 471 DI 10.1051/apido/2009008 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 468PW UT WOS:000267832900005 ER PT J AU Habib, I Miller, WG Uyttendaele, M Houf, K De Zutter, L AF Habib, Ihab Miller, William G. Uyttendaele, Mieke Houf, Kurt De Zutter, Lieven TI Clonal Population Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni in Chicken Meat from Belgium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEQUENCE TYPING SYSTEM; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; RISK-FACTORS; NATURAL TRANSFORMATION; POULTRY; STRAINS; SPP.; COLI; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most important causes of human diarrhea worldwide. In the present work, multilocus sequence typing was used to study the genotypic diversity of 145 C. jejuni isolates from 135 chicken meat preparations sampled across Belgium. Isolates were further typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and their susceptibilities to six antimicrobials were determined. Fifty-seven sequence types (STs) were identified; 26.8% of the total typed isolates were ST-50, ST-45, or ST-257, belonging to clonal complex CC-21, CC-45, or CC-257, respectively. One clonal group comprised 22% (32/145) of all isolates, originating from five different companies and isolated over seven sampling months. Additionally, 53.1% of C. jejuni isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 48.2% were resistant to tetracycline; 28.9% (42/145) of all isolates were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The correlation between certain C. jejuni clonal groups and resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was notable. C. jejuni isolates assigned to CC-21 (n = 35) were frequently resistant to ciprofloxacin (65.7%) and tetracycline (40%); however, 90% (18/20) of the isolates assigned to CC-45 were pansusceptible. The present study demonstrates that certain C. jejuni genotypes recur frequently in the chicken meat supply. The results of molecular typing, combined with data on sample sources, indicate a possible dissemination of C. jejuni clones with high resistance to ciprofloxacin and/or tetracycline. Whether certain clonal groups are common in the environment and repeatedly infect Belgian broiler flocks or whether they have the potential to persist on farms or in slaughterhouses needs further investigation. C1 [Habib, Ihab; Houf, Kurt; De Zutter, Lieven] Univ Ghent, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Food Safety, Fac Vet Med, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Uyttendaele, Mieke] Univ Ghent, Lab Food Microbiol & Food Preservat, Fac Biosci Engn, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Miller, William G.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Habib, Ihab] Univ Alexandria, Food Hyg & Control Div, High Inst Publ Hlth, Alexandria, Egypt. RP Habib, I (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Food Safety, Fac Vet Med, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM ihab.habib@ugent.be FU Ghent University ( Belgium) FX I. H. is indebted to Ghent University ( Belgium) for awarding a doctoral fellowship ( BOF) NR 50 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 13 BP 4264 EP 4272 DI 10.1128/AEM.00168-09 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 462RI UT WOS:000267373000005 PM 19411429 ER PT J AU Habib, I Louwen, R Uyttendaele, M Houf, K Vandenberg, O Nieuwenhuis, EE Miller, WG van Belkum, A De Zutter, L AF Habib, Ihab Louwen, Rogier Uyttendaele, Mieke Houf, Kurt Vandenberg, Olivier Nieuwenhuis, Edward E. Miller, William G. van Belkum, Alex De Zutter, Lieven TI Correlation between Genotypic Diversity, Lipooligosaccharide Gene Locus Class Variation, and Caco-2 Cell Invasion Potential of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Chicken Meat and Humans: Contribution to Virulotyping SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; VITRO VIRULENCE PROPERTIES; MILLER-FISHER-SYNDROMES; SEQUENCE TYPING SYSTEM; IN-VITRO; ANTIGANGLIOSIDE ANTIBODIES; POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; COLI; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION AB Significant interest in studying the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Campylobacter jejuni has stemmed from its potential role in postinfection paralytic disorders. In this study we present the results of PCR screening of five LOS locus classes (A, B, C, D, and E) for a collection of 116 C. jejuni isolates from chicken meat (n = 76) and sporadic human cases of diarrhea (n = 40). We correlated LOS classes with clonal complexes (CC) assigned by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Finally, we evaluated the invasion potential of a panel of 52 of these C. jejuni isolates for Caco-2 cells. PCR screening showed that 87.1% (101/116) of isolates could be assigned to LOS class A, B, C, D, or E. Concordance between LOS classes and certain MLST CC was revealed. The majority (85.7% [24/28]) of C. jejuni isolates grouped in CC-21 were shown to express LOS locus class C. The invasion potential of C. jejuni isolates possessing sialylated LOS (n = 29; classes A, B, and C) for Caco-2 cells was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that of C. jejuni isolates with nonsialylated LOS (n = 23; classes D and E). There was no significant difference in invasiveness between chicken meat and human isolates. However, C. jejuni isolates assigned to CC-206 (correlated with LOS class B) or CC-21 (correlated with LOS class C) showed statistically significantly higher levels of invasion than isolates from other CC. Correlation between LOS classes and CC was further confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The present study reveals a correlation between genotypic diversity and LOS locus classes of C. jejuni. We showed that simple PCR screening for C. jejuni LOS classes could reliably predict certain MLST CC and add to the interpretation of molecular-typing results. Our study corroborates that sialylation of LOS is advantageous for C. jejuni fitness and virulence in different hosts. The modulation of cell surface carbohydrate structure could enhance the ability of C. jejuni to adapt to or survive in a host. C1 [Habib, Ihab; Houf, Kurt; De Zutter, Lieven] Univ Ghent, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Food Safety, Fac Vet Med, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Uyttendaele, Mieke] Univ Ghent, Lab Food Microbiol & Food Preservat, Fac Biosci Engn, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Vandenberg, Olivier] St Pierre Univ Hosp, Natl Reference Ctr Enter Campylobacters, Dept Microbiol, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Louwen, Rogier; Nieuwenhuis, Edward E.; van Belkum, Alex] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, Erasmus MC, NL-3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Miller, William G.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Habib, Ihab] Univ Alexandria, Food Hyg & Control Div, High Inst Publ Hlth, Alexandria, Egypt. RP Habib, I (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Food Safety, Fac Vet Med, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM ihab.habib@ugent.be FU European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID); Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS); Ghent University (Belgium) FX This work received research grants from the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS). I. H. is indebted to Ghent University (Belgium) for awarding a doctoral fellowship (BOF) grant. NR 52 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 13 BP 4277 EP 4288 DI 10.1128/AEM.02269-08 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 462RI UT WOS:000267373000007 PM 19411422 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK Garbus, BR Williams, KE Bates, AH Boyle, S Harden, LA AF Fagerquist, Clifton K. Garbus, Brandon R. Williams, Katherine E. Bates, Anna H. Boyle, Siobhan Harden, Leslie A. TI Web-Based Software for Rapid Top-Down Proteomic Identification of Protein Biomarkers, with Implications for Bacterial Identification SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME; MICROORGANISM IDENTIFICATION; WHOLE CELLS; MALDI-TOF; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; CAMPYLOBACTER-UPSALIENSIS; INTACT MICROORGANISMS AB We have developed web-based software for the rapid identification of protein biomarkers of bacterial microorganisms. Proteins from bacterial cell lysates were ionized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), mass isolated, and fragmented using a tandem time of flight (TOF-TOF) mass spectrometer. The sequence-specific fragment ions generated were compared to a database of in silico fragment ions derived from bacterial protein sequences whose molecular weights are the same as the nominal molecular weights of the protein biomarkers. A simple peak-matching and scoring algorithm was developed to compare tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) fragment ions to in silico fragment ions. In addition, a probability-based significance-testing algorithm (P value), developed previously by other researchers, was incorporated into the software for the purpose of comparison. The speed and accuracy of the software were tested by identification of 10 protein biomarkers from three Campylobacter strains that had been identified previously by bottom-up proteomics techniques. Protein biomarkers were identified using (i) their peak-matching scores and/or P values from a comparison of MS-MS fragment ions with all possible in silico N and C terminus fragment ions (i. e., ions a, b, b-18, y, y-17, and y-18), (ii) their peak-matching scores and/or P values from a comparison of MS-MS fragment ions to residue-specific in silico fragment ions (i. e., in silico fragment ions resulting from polypeptide backbone fragmentation adjacent to specific residues [aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, etc.]), and (iii) fragment ion error analysis, which distinguished the systematic fragment ion error of a correct identification (caused by calibration drift of the second TOF mass analyzer) from the random fragment ion error of an incorrect identification. C1 [Fagerquist, Clifton K.; Garbus, Brandon R.; Bates, Anna H.; Boyle, Siobhan; Harden, Leslie A.] Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Williams, Katherine E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Fagerquist, CK (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM clifton.fagerquist@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 13 BP 4341 EP 4353 DI 10.1128/AEM.00079-09 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 462RI UT WOS:000267373000014 PM 19411427 ER PT J AU Corredor, DY Salazar, JM Hohn, KL Bean, S Bean, B Wang, D AF Corredor, D. Y. Salazar, J. M. Hohn, K. L. Bean, S. Bean, B. Wang, D. TI Evaluation and Characterization of Forage Sorghum as Feedstock for Fermentable Sugar Production SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Forage sorghum; FTIR; XRD; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Dilute acid; Pretreatment ID FUEL ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; CORN FIBER; BMR-12 GENES; WHEAT-STRAW; DILUTE-ACID; PRETREATMENT; SACCHARIFICATION; CELLULOSE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Sorghum is a tropical grass grown primarily in semiarid and drier parts of the world, especially areas too dry for corn. Sorghum production also leaves about 58 million tons of by-products composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The low lignin content of some forage sorghums such as brown midrib makes them more digestible for ethanol production. Successful use of biomass for biofuel production depends on not only pretreatment methods and efficient processing conditions but also physical and chemical properties of the biomass. In this study, four varieties of forage sorghum (stems and leaves) were characterized and evaluated as feedstock for fermentable sugar production. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to determine changes in structure and chemical composition of forage sorghum before and after pretreatment and the enzymatic hydrolysis process. Forage sorghums with a low syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in their lignin structure were easy to hydrolyze after pretreatment despite the initial lignin content. Enzymatic hydrolysis was also more effective for forage sorghums with a low crystallinity index and easily transformed crystalline cellulose to amorphous cellulose, despite initial cellulose content. Up to 72% hexose yield and 94% pentose yield were obtained using modified steam explosion with 2% sulfuric acid at 140 A degrees C for 30 min and enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase (15 filter per unit (FPU)/g cellulose) and beta-glucosidase (50 cellobiose units (CBU)/g cellulose). C1 [Corredor, D. Y.; Wang, D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Salazar, J. M.; Hohn, K. L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bean, S.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Bean, B.] Texas A&M, Res & Extens Ctr, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 FU Kansas State Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS [08-337-J] FX We would particularly like to acknowledge the support from Kansas State Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. Contribution no. 08-337-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 51 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 22 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 158 IS 1 BP 164 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s12010-008-8340-y PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 466LC UT WOS:000267662700015 PM 18754081 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Schwab, EB AF Raper, R. L. Schwab, E. B. TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN-ROW SUBSOILER ATTACHMENT TO REDUCE SMEARING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Subsoiling; Strip-tillage; Soil compaction; Draft; Cone index; Bulk density; Cotton; Corn; Depth ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; COASTAL-PLAIN; SOIL STRENGTH; COTTON; YIELD AB Hardpans are prevalent throughout the southeastern United States and frequently restrict root development thus making crops susceptible to short-term droughts. In-row subsoiling has become the tillage tool of choice for alleviation of this compacted soil condition in Coastal Plain soils. However, in many soils with higher amounts of clay, smearing occurs near the bottom of the shank, thus trapping the roots in the subsoiled channel. A novel approach to disturb the bottom of the smeared zone was evaluated. Results of three experiments involving corn and cotton grown in coarse- and fine-textured soil types indicate that the use of a shank attachment designed to alleviate smearing may increase crop yields in fine-textured soils where soil smearing is common. Excessive depths of in-row subsoiling were not found to be beneficial to the crops investigated and required significantly more draft force, resulting in higher fuel requirements. C1 [Raper, R. L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Schwab, E. B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 So St Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM randy.raper@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 495 EP 503 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 484CQ UT WOS:000269021300006 ER PT J AU Lu, R Tipper, NC AF Lu, R. Tipper, N. C. TI A PORTABLE DEVICE FOR THE BIOYIELD DETECTION TO MEASURE APPLE FIRMNESS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Apple; Fruit; Firmness; Bioyield; Nondestructive sensing ID FRUIT FIRMNESS; SOLUBLE SOLIDS; TESTER AB The bioyield phenomenon occurs to the apple fruit when it is subjected to compressive loading (i.e.., compression or puncture), which causes cell failure without disintegrating the macro tissue structure. Force at the bioyield point is useful for nondestructive evaluation of fruit firmness. A portable device, which consisted of an off-shelf force meter ail actuation driver, and control unit, was developed for detecting bioyield force from apples. Experiments were performed oil 'Golden Delicious' and 'Red Delicious' apples to determine the correlation between bioyield force measurement and the standard Magness-Taylor (MT) firmness test, evaluate the sensitivity of bioyield measurement to changes in firmness over time, and quantify firmness variation over the fruit. Bioyield force correlated with MT force with R(2) values of 0.835, 0.654, and 0.751 for 'Golden Delicious,' 'Red Delicious,' and the pooled data, respectively. Bioyield force was as sensitive to firmness change over time as MT force (R(2) = 0.990) for apples that underwent accelerated softening. The bottom section (the calyx end) of the apple was significantly firmer than the middle and top sections of the fruit. Moreovei; the south face or sunny side of the apple was significantly firmer than the north face or shady side of the fruit. Hence, two bioyield measurements should be performed at opposing sides of an apple around the equator to obtain the average firmness value for the fruit. The bioyield device is useful for measuring the firmness of apples in the orchard and during postharvest handling, and for monitoring fruit conditions during storage. C1 [Lu, R.] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tipper, N. C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Renfu.lu@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 517 EP 523 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 484CQ UT WOS:000269021300008 ER PT J AU Boac, JM Maghirang, RG Casada, ME Wilson, JD Jung, YS AF Boac, J. M. Maghirang, R. G. Casada, M. E. Wilson, J. D. Jung, Y. S. TI SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND RATE OF DUST GENERATED DURING GRAIN ELEVATOR HANDLING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Grain elevator; Particle size distribution; Geometric mean diameter; Isokinetic sampling; Dust mass flow rate; Particulate matter ID PARTICLE-SIZE; OPERATIONS; DAMAGE; CORN AB Dust generated during grain handling can pose a safety, and health hazard and is an air pollutant. This study was conducted to characterize the particle size distribution (PSD) of dust generated during handling of wheat and shelled corn in the research elevator of the USDA Grain Marketing and Production Research Center and determine the effects of grain lot, repeated transfer, and grain types on the PSD. Dust samples were collected on glass fiber filters with high volume samplers from the lower and upper ducts upstream of the cyclone dust collectors. A laser diffraction analyzer was used to measure the PSD of the collected dust. For wheat, the size distribution of dust front the upper and lower ducts showed similar trends among grain lots but differed between the two ducts. The percentages of particulate matter (PM)-2.5, PM-4, and PM-10 were 5.15%, 9.65%, and 33.6% of the total wheat dust, respectively. The total dust mass flow rate was 0.94 g/s (equivalent to 64.6 g/t of wheat handled). For shelled corn, the size distributions of the dust samples front the upper and lower ducts also showed similar trends among transfers but differed between the two ducts. The percentages of PM-2.5, PM-4, and PM-10 were 7.46%, 9.99%, and 28.9% of the total shelled corn dust, respectively. The total dust mass flow rate was 2.91 g/s (equivalent to 185.1 g/t of corn handled). Overall, the corn and wheat differed significantly in the size distribution and the rate of total dust generated. C1 [Casada, M. E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Boac, J. M.; Maghirang, R. G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wilson, J. D.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Grain Qual & Struct Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Jung, Y. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Casada, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM casada@ksu.edu FU USDA [5430-43440-005-00D]; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [09-079-J] FX The research was supported by USDA (CRIS No. 5430-43440-005-00D) and by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (Contribution No. 09-079-J.) The assistance provided by Dennis Tilley (GMPRC), Haidee Gonzales (KSU), Li Guo (KSU), Rhett Kaufman (GMPRC), Darrell Oard (KSU), Edna Razote (KSU), Dr. Jasper Tallada (GMPRC), Dr. Dan Brabec (GMPRC), and Abby Mertens (GMPRC) in conducting the experiments is highly appreciated. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 533 EP 541 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 484CQ UT WOS:000269021300010 ER PT J AU Pandey, V Kiker, GA Campbell, KL Williams, MJ Coleman, SW AF Pandey, V. Kiker, G. A. Campbell, K. L. Williams, M. J. Coleman, S. W. TI GPS MONITORING OF CATTLE LOCATION NEAR WATER FEATURES IN SOUTH FLORIDA SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Beef cattle; Animal production; GPS animal tracking; Livestock behavior; Water quality; Nonpoint source pollution; Temporal analysis ID RANCH MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; LIVESTOCK; QUALITY; STREAM; PASTURE; PERFORMANCE; PHOSPHORUS; EXCLUSION; PATTERNS AB A study was conducted to quantify the amount of time spent by grazing cattle near or in water locations (wetlands, ditches, and water troughs) across seasons in a cow-calf production ranch in south Florida. Prolonged hot summers in these regions can cause physiological heat stress in cattle and drive them into water-filled ditches and wetlands in order to cool down. Because of the numerous ranches in the region, it is perceived that this activity is contributing towards the phosphorus loading into the receiving water body, Lake Okeechobee. Cattle position data was monitored continuously using GPS collars. Data was recorded every 15 min during a 5-day period in spring (March), summer (June), fall (late August), and winter (November or December) from 2001 to 2003. The average percentage of daily time spent by cattle near/in water locations (water trough, wetland, and ditch) during the warm season (summer + fall) was 11.45 +/- 0.39% and 6.09 +/- 0.69% during the cool season (winter + spring). Overall, the cattle utilized water-filled features somewhat more during warm seasons, with some exceptions under higher temperatures found in southern Florida winters. Temporal, sub-daily analysis of the use of water troughs revealed very little usage during early morning and night and increased use as the day progressed. Similar analysis of wetlands use showed greater utilization during late morning and nights in the cool season. Utilization of ditches was fairly consistent throughout all years; more during warm seasons and less during cool. Current hydrological modeling systems that arc, actively used to represent the nutrient-enriched agricultural enterprises in south Florida lack the ability to comprehensively represent the dynamics of the animal-plant-soil system. This study will provide crucial information for model developers who may utilize these results to develop more detailed hydrological and nutrient loading models. C1 [Pandey, V.] CH2M HILL Inc, Dallas, TX 75251 USA. [Kiker, G. A.; Campbell, K. L.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Williams, M. J.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Gainesville, FL USA. [Coleman, S. W.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Brooksville, FL USA. RP Pandey, V (reprint author), CH2M HILL Inc, 12377 Merit Dr,Suite 1000, Dallas, TX 75251 USA. EM vibhuti.pandey@ch2m.com NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 551 EP 562 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 484CQ UT WOS:000269021300013 ER PT J AU Whitelock, DP Armijo, CB Buser, MD Hughs, SE AF Whitelock, D. P. Armijo, C. B. Buser, M. D. Hughs, S. E. TI USING CYCLONES EFFECTIVELY AT COTTON GINS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton gins; Cyclones; Operation; Maintenance; Design; Recommendations AB Cyclones are the most common type of emissions control device used in agricultural processing operations. Cyclones are efficient, reliable, low-cost, and require little maintenance. When used properly, cyclones effectively separate particulate matter from air streams, allowing compliance with state and federal air pollution regulations. Guidelines and techniques intended to help gin plant managers and operators determine if existing cyclones are correctly sized, properly constructed, and adequately maintained are reviewed. Methods presented arc, such that measurements can be made with minimal equipment and operating parameters determined with simple or no calculations. C1 [Whitelock, D. P.; Armijo, C. B.; Hughs, S. E.] USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. [Buser, M. D.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Whitelock, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, 300 E Coll Dr,POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM dwhitelo@nmsu.edu NR 7 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 563 EP 576 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 484CQ UT WOS:000269021300014 ER PT J AU Gonzales, HB Armstrong, PR Maghirang, RG AF Gonzales, H. B. Armstrong, P. R. Maghirang, R. G. TI SIMULTANEOUS MONITORING OF STORED GRAIN WITH RELATIVE HUMIDITY, TEMPERATURE, AND CARBON DIOXIDE SENSORS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Equilibrium moisture content; Grain storage monitoring; Sensors ID SHELLED CORN; WHEAT; DETERIORATION; STORABILITY; DIFFUSION AB Grain moisture content (MC) and temperature (T) are the primary factors affecting grain deterioration in storage. If these factors are not properly monitored and controlled, grain quality can deteriorate quickly, due to mold growth and insect infestation. This research examined use of relative humidity (RH), T, and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) sensors for their suitability to determine adverse storage conditions of wheat. A mock-tip storage system was constructed and used to simulate a wheat storage bin 6.86 m high. Sensors for T, RH, and CO(2) measurement were placed at various depths in the slot-age. High-moisture grain, comprising about 11% of the grain volume, was placed in the top section of the bin. Wheat was aerated with the high-moisture grain conditioned to nominal MCs of 14%, 16%, and 18% wet basis (MC(wb)) and the remaining grain at approximately 11% MC(wb). Sensors monitored air conditions during the entire storage period. Aeration was provided over 3-h periods at rates of 0.083 m(3)/min/tonne (eight experiments) and 0.166 m(3)/min/tonne (one experiment). Airflow was front top to bottom of the bin. CO(2) sensors were effective in indirectly detecting moist grain conditions due to the large amount of CO(2) generated front the wet grain. CO(2) measurement was less effective as grain temperature was reduced as a result of aeration. CO(2) levels monitored at the exhaust of the aeration duct were generally adequate in determining adverse storage conditions. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of wheat, determined from RH and T, gave reasonably accurate measurements of grain MC. EMC measurements were also effective in determining moisture changes in the grain due to the moisture front movement from the high-moisture grain. C1 [Armstrong, P. R.] USDA ARS, Engn Res Unit, Grain Mkt Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Gonzales, H. B.; Maghirang, R. G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Armstrong, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Engn Res Unit, Grain Mkt Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM paul.armstrong@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 595 EP 604 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 484CQ UT WOS:000269021300017 ER PT J AU Lan, Y Huang, Y Martin, DE Hoffmann, WC AF Lan, Y. Huang, Y. Martin, D. E. Hoffmann, W. C. TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM FOR CROP PEST MANAGEMENT: SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND VERIFICATION SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Airborne multi-spectral imaging; Multi-spectral camera; Camera control; Pest management ID INFRARED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY; WEED INFESTATIONS; DIGITAL IMAGERY; VIDEO; TECHNOLOGIES; DISEASE AB Remote sensing is being used with Global Positioning Systems, Geographic Information Systems, and variable rate technology to ultimately help farmers maximize the economic and environmental benefits of crop pest management through precision agriculture. Airborne remote sensing is flexible and versatile because fields call be flown at variable altitude depending on the spatial resolution required. Although the use of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing in agricultural research and applications has been steadily increasing in the last decade, the airborne multispectral technique is still a good source of crop, soil, or ground cover information. The MS-4100 is a multispectral camera that produces and aligns images from different bands with a built-in prism. Data call be analyzed from the composite image or individual band images. The camera system evaluated herein uses a camera control system to physically compensate for roll, pitch, and yaw and maintain the camera at vertical nadir orientation. This article describes the automated airborne multi-spectral imaging system and image processing using sample imagery to demonstrate the capability and potential of the system for crop pest management. C1 [Lan, Y.; Martin, D. E.; Hoffmann, W. C.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Huang, Y.] USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lan, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM ylan@sparc.usda.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 607 EP 615 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 484CQ UT WOS:000269021300018 ER PT J AU Goergen, E Chambers, JC Blank, R AF Goergen, Erin Chambers, Jeanne C. Blank, Robert TI Effects of water and nitrogen availability on nitrogen contribution by the legume, Lupinus argenteus Pursh SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhizodeposition; Symbiotic nitrogen fixation; Silver lupine; Sagebrush steppe ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; ACETYLENE-REDUCTION ACTIVITY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ROOT-NODULES; N-2 FIXATION; NITRATE INHIBITION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; COLORADO PLATEAU; SONORAN DESERT; GREAT-BASIN AB Nitrogen-fixing species contribute to ecosystem nitrogen budgets, but background resource levels influence nodulation, fixation, and plant growth. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine the separate and interacting effects of water and N availability on biomass production, tissue N concentration, nodulation, nodule activity, and rhizodeposition of Lupinus argenteus (Pursh), a legume native to sagebrush steppe. Plants were grown in a replicated, randomized design with three levels of water and four levels of N. Additional water and N increased biomass except at the highest N level. All plants formed nodules regardless of treatment, but plants grown without N had the largest, most active nodules. Organic N was deposited into the rhizosphere of all plants, regardless of treatment, indicating that Lupinus can influence N availability while actively growing. even under water stress. High tissue N concentrations and low C:N ratios indicate that Lupinus also can provide substantial amounts of N through litter decomposition. The ability of Lupinus to affect N availability and cycling indicates that it has the potential to significantly influence N budgets and community composition within the sagebrush steppe. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goergen, Erin] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Blank, Robert] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Goergen, E (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM goergene@unr.nevada.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We thank K. Vicencio, F. Berthiaume, and T. Morgan for valuable assistance in the greenhouse and lab. C. Fritsen and J. Mernmott for assistance with ARA analysis, and D. Johnson, J. Qualls, P. Weisberg, P. Verburg, S. Uselman, E. Allen, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Financial support was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 87 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 42 IS 3 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.04.001 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 473IM UT WOS:000268199600003 ER PT J AU Haney, RL Franzluebbers, AJ AF Haney, R. L. Franzluebbers, A. J. TI Soil CO2 evolution: Response from arginine additions SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microbial activity; Soil CO2 evolution; Drying/rewetting; Chloroform fumigation AB Short-term response of soil C mineralization following drying/rewetting has been proposed as an indicator of soil microbial activity. Houston Black clay was amended with four rates of arginine to vary microbial responses and keep other soil properties constant. The evolution Of CO2 during 1 and 3 days following rewetting of dried soil was highly related to CO2 evolution during 10 days following chloroform fumigation (r(2) = 0.92 and 0.93, respectively) which is a widely used method for soil microbial biomass C, which disrupts cellular membranes. This study suggest that the release Of CO2 following rewetting of dried soil with no amendments other than heat and water can be highly indicative of soil microbial activity and possibly be used as a quantitative measurement of soil biological quality in Houston Black soils. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haney, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Franzluebbers, A. J.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Haney, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM rick.haney@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 42 IS 3 BP 324 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.05.004 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 473IM UT WOS:000268199600017 ER PT J AU Cavalin, FG Weirich, CR AF Cavalin, Fernando G. Weirich, Charles R. TI Larval performance of aquacultured Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) fed rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) enriched with selected commercial diets SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Florida pompano; Trachinotus carolinus; L.; Larviculture; First feeding; Enrichment; Rotifers; Fatty acids ID ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACID; COD GADUS-MORHUA; MARINE FISH; RACHYCENTRON-CANADUM; LIPID-COMPOSITION; STOCKING DENSITY; EARLY GROWTH; SEA BREAM; LIVE FOOD; SURVIVAL AB Selected rotifer enrichment diets were compared on the basis of growth, survival, and fatty acid content of larval Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus L. Two 9-day larval rearing trials were conducted using a recirculating aquaculture system. In Trial 1, two microalgae concentrates (Isochrysis sp., ISO: and Pavlova sp.), a semi-moist paste (Protein Selco Plus, PS+). and a combination of the three diets were compared. In Trial 2, PS+ and three dry enrichment diets (Ori-Green, OG; Protein HUFA, PH; and AlgaMac 3050, AM) were compared. Larvae were fed rotifers 4 times daily at a rate of 2.5 rotifers/ml/feeding at 2-9 days post-hatch (DPH). Although larval growth in both trials was likely influenced by differences in culture density resulting from variable survival, in Trial I at 9 DPH standard length (SL) of larvae fed Pavlova-enriched rotifers (4.60 +/- 0.39 mm, mean +/- SD) was greater (P<0.05) than that of larvae fed rotifers enriched with ISO (4.29 +/- 0.48 mm); and the combined treatment (4.31 +/- 0.48 mm) and body depth (BD) of larvae fed Pavlova-enriched rotifers (1.21 +/- 0.16 mm) was greater than that of larvae fed rotifers enriched with the combined treatment (1.08 +/- 0.18 mm). In Trial 2 at 9 DPH, SL and BD of larvae fed rotifers enriched with PH (5.00 +/- 0.23 and 1.24 +/- 0.12 mm, respectively) was greater than that of larvae fed rotifers enriched with other diets. Survival of larvae fed rotifers enriched with PS+ was highest in both Trial 1 (24.1 +/- 10.2%)and Trial 2 (34.4 +/- 1.6%) and was significantly greater than that of larvae fed rotifers enriched with Pavlova (7.3 +/- 1.6%) and the combined treatment (6.0 +/- 1.6%) in Trial I and larvae fed rotifers enriched with PH (21.8 +/- 6.3%) and AM (14.1 +/- 4.9%) in Trial 2. While lipid content and fatty acid composition of PS+ enriched rotifers closely resembled that of pompano yolk-sac larvae, n - 3 HUFA content of PS+ enriched rotifers as well as larvae fed PS+ enriched rotifers was not significantly greater than that of other diets tested in both trials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cavalin, Fernando G.; Weirich, Charles R.] Florida Atlantic Univ, USDA ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst Res Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Weirich, CR (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, USDA ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst Res Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM charles.weirich@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [6225-63000-007-00D] FX Special appreciation is extended to Meghan Anderson for helping to manage experimental and broodstock systems during rearing trials. Thanks are also extended to Jay Adams, David Cerino, Megan Davis, Don Freeman, Bryan Garr, David Haley, Todd Lenger, Gary Luisi, Peter Stock, Patrick Tracy, and Paul Wills for technical support. We also thank Hector Acosta-Salmon, Cortney Ohs, Kenneth Riley, Amber Shawl and Patrick Rice for providing critical reviews of the manuscript. This work was conducted as a partial fulfillment for a MA degree in Marine Affairs and Policy at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami. The study was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service under Project No. 6225-63000-007-00D. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the USDA or the ARS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. All programs and services of the USDA are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 292 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.03.042 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 459HB UT WOS:000267091100012 ER PT J AU Otokozawa, S Ai, M Van Himbergen, T Asztalos, BF Tanaka, A Stein, EA Jones, PH Schaefer, EJ AF Otokozawa, Seiko Ai, Masumi Van Himbergen, Thomas Asztalos, Bela F. Tanaka, Akira Stein, Evan A. Jones, Peter H. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Effects of intensive atorvastatin and rosuvastatin treatment on apolipoprotein B-48 and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol levels SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Statins; Lipoproteins; Apolipoprotein B-48 and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH; ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN; HOMOGENEOUS ASSAY; ARTERY-DISEASE; FASTING PLASMA; DENSITY; METABOLISM; PRAVASTATIN AB Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin at maximal doses are both highly effective in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Rosuvastatin has been shown to be more effective than atorvastatin in lowering LDL-C, small dense LDL-C and in raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subclasses, Intestinal lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 are also thought to be atherogenic particles. Our purpose in this study was to compare the effects of daily oral doses of atorvastatin 80 mg/day and rosuvastatin 40 mg/day over a 6-week period on serum apo B-48 (a marker of intestinal lipoproteins) and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RemL-C) levels (a marker of partially metabolized lipoproteins of both intestinal and liver origin), using novel direct assays in 270 hyperlipidemic men and women. Both atorvastatin and rosuvastatin caused significant (p<0.0001) and similar median decreases in TG (-33.0%, -27.6%), RemL-C (-58.7%, -61.5%), and apoB-48 (-37.5%, -32.1%) as compared to baseline. Our findings utilizing a specific immunoassay and a fairly large number of subjects extend prior studies indicating that statins significantly lower apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins of both intestinal and liver origin. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Otokozawa, Seiko; Ai, Masumi; Asztalos, Bela F.; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Res Lab, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Otokozawa, Seiko; Ai, Masumi; Asztalos, Bela F.; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Otokozawa, Seiko; Ai, Masumi; Van Himbergen, Thomas; Asztalos, Bela F.; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tanaka, Akira] Kagawa Nutr Univ, Nutr Clin, Tokyo, Japan. [Stein, Evan A.] Metab & Atherosclerosis Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Jones, Peter H.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Res Lab, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P50 HL083813, R01 HL-60935, R01 HL060935, HL 74753, R01 HL074753, P050HL083813] NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 2009 VL 205 IS 1 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.11.001 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 472FJ UT WOS:000268115000031 PM 19200542 ER PT J AU Lamon-Fava, S Herrington, DM Reboussin, DM Sherman, M Horvath, K Schaefer, EJ Asztalos, BF AF Lamon-Fava, Stefania Herrington, David M. Reboussin, David M. Sherman, Michelle Horvath, Katalin Schaefer, Ernst J. Asztalos, Bela F. TI Changes in remnant and high-density lipoproteins associated with hormone therapy and progression of coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Lipoproteins; Hormone therapy; Coronary heart disease; Angiography ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CONJUGATED EQUINE ESTROGENS; HEART-DISEASE; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; HDL SUBPOPULATIONS; PLUS PROGESTIN; CLASS-B AB Objective: This study examined the effect of hormone therapy (HT) on the plasma concentration of remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulations and the contribution of HT-related changes in these lipoproteins to the progression of coronary heart disease (CHD) in postmenopausal women. Methods: Study participants were 256 women who completed the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis (ERA) trial, a placebo-controlled, randomized trial that examined the effects of 3.2 years of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE, 0.625 mg/day) or CEE (0.625 mg/day) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 2.5 mg/day) on postmenopausal women with established coronary atherosclerosis. Quantitative coronary angiography and plasma RLP-C and HDL subpopulations were assessed at baseline and at follow-up. Results: Relative to placebo, both CEE and CEE+MPA caused a significant reduction in plasma RLP-C concentrations and a significant increase in alpha 1 and alpha 2 HDL subpopulations. However, in the HT-treated subjects, faster progression of coronary atherosclerosis was observed in women who experienced the greatest reductions in RLP-C and in pre beta 1 HDL subpopulations. Conclusions: Our data suggest that individual variability in RLP-C and HDL subpopulation response to HT is a predictor of CHD progression. Lipoprotein response to HT may be an indirect marker of susceptibility to other harmful effect of HT in postmenopausal women with established CHD or an indication of formation of dysfunctional lipoproteins. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lamon-Fava, Stefania; Sherman, Michelle; Horvath, Katalin; Schaefer, Ernst J.; Asztalos, Bela F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Herrington, David M.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Internal Med Cardiol, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Reboussin, David M.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM stefania.lamon-fava@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [R01 HL70081]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401] FX Funding sources: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute grant R01 HL70081 to S.L.-F., and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-4-401. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 2009 VL 205 IS 1 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.020 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 472FJ UT WOS:000268115000053 PM 19155011 ER PT J AU Osiru, MO Olanya, OM Adipala, E Kapinga, R Lemaga, B AF Osiru, M. O. Olanya, O. M. Adipala, E. Kapinga, R. Lemaga, B. TI Yield stability analysis of Ipomoea batatus L. cultivars in diverse environments SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sweet potato; AMMI model; Yield; Cultivars; Genotype x Environment ID SWEET-POTATO CULTIVARS; LATE BLIGHT; RELEASE; UGANDA; FIELD AB Sweet potato is an important food crop in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. There is limited published research on yield stability of sweet potato in tropical environments. To identify cultivars with improved agronomic and stable yield characteristics, five elite genotypes obtained from the sweet potato breeding program in Uganda and International Potato Center (CIP) and five land race genotypes were evaluated for yield stability at 12 environments. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model was used for stability analysis. The analysis of variance of yield data (t ha(-1)) for genotypes x locations, genotypes x seasons and locations x seasons was highly significant (P < 0.01) showing the variable response of the genotypes across environments and seasons. The average root yield of sweet potato genotypes was significantly ( P < 0.01) greater at Kachwekano (KARDC) than at Namulonge (NAARI) and Serere (SAARI) locations. Based on AMMI statistical model, Araka Red and Tanzania were the most stable genotypes; while NASPOT 6 and NASPOT 2 had the lowest stability. The model predicted the highest yield from Dimbuca cultivar in 4 of 12 environments and New Kawogo as the cultivar with the lowest yield in 6 of 12 environments. Within each environment and cropping season, the ranking of the genotypes for yield stability was not consistent. Selective deployment of cultivars across environments can improve Sweet potato tuber yield in the lowland and highland tropics. C1 [Olanya, O. M.] ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Osiru, M. O.; Adipala, E.] Makerere Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Kampala, Uganda. [Osiru, M. O.; Adipala, E.] Makerere Univ, RUFORUM, Kampala, Uganda. [Kapinga, R.] CIP, Kampala, Uganda. [Lemaga, B.] PRAPACE, Kampala, Uganda. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM m.osiru@ruforum.org FU Rockefeller Foundation [2000 FS 051]; International Foundation for Science (IFS); International Potato Center; Regional Potato and Sweet potato Improvement Programme for East and Central Africa (PRAPACE) FX The study was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation (Agricultural Resource Husbandry Grant No. 2000 FS 051) as part of the first author's Ph. D. research. Additional funding was provided by the International Foundation for Science ( IFS), the International Potato Center (CIP), and Regional Potato and Sweet potato Improvement Programme for East and Central Africa (PRAPACE). We thank the Regional Universities Forum and the USDA-ARS, NEPSWL for support. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTH CROSS PUBL PI LISMORE PA 8 91-93 MCKENZIE ST, LISMORE, NSW 2480, AUSTRALIA SN 1835-2693 J9 AUST J CROP SCI JI Aust. J. Crop Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 3 IS 4 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 481ZH UT WOS:000268852200006 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, MC Hargrove, WW AF Fitzpatrick, Matthew C. Hargrove, William W. TI The projection of species distribution models and the problem of non-analog climate SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID RANGE; PREDICTION; ENVELOPE; UNCERTAINTIES; SHIFTS C1 [Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Hargrove, William W.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, MC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, 324 N Main St, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. EM mfitzpat@fas.harvard.edu RI Fitzpatrick, Matthew/F-7620-2010 OI Fitzpatrick, Matthew/0000-0003-1911-8407 NR 23 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 6 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 8 BP 2255 EP 2261 DI 10.1007/s10531-009-9584-8 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 464DD UT WOS:000267484400018 ER PT J AU Bashan, Y Salazar, B Puente, ME Bacilio, M Linderman, R AF Bashan, Yoav Salazar, Bernardo Esther Puente, Ma. Bacilio, Macario Linderman, Robert TI Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Azospirillum; Cardon cactus; Compost; Desert; Mesquite; Mycorrhizae; Nurse plants; Pachycereus; Palo verde; Parkinsonia; Plant growth-promoting bacteria; PGPB; PGPR; Prosopis; Reforestation; Soil erosion ID ARBUSCULAR-MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; RESOURCE-ISLAND SOILS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA-SUR; AZOSPIRILLUM-BRASILENSE; PACHYCEREUS-PRINGLEI; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; MEXICO; SEEDLINGS; SURVIVAL; COLONIZATION AB To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree-cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. C1 [Bashan, Yoav; Salazar, Bernardo; Esther Puente, Ma.; Bacilio, Macario] NW Ctr Biol Res CIBNOR, Environm Microbiol Grp, La Paz 23090, Baja California, Mexico. [Bashan, Yoav] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Linderman, Robert] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Bashan, Y (reprint author), NW Ctr Biol Res CIBNOR, Environm Microbiol Grp, Mar Bermejo 195,Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23090, Baja California, Mexico. EM bashan@cals.arizona.edu FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico (CONACYT) [50052-Z]; Bashan Foundation, USA FX We thank Claudia Rojas, Manuel Moreno, and Luis Leyva for technical assistance in establishing the initial stages of the field studies and Rocio Villalpando, Juan-Pablo Hernandez, Elsa Samarano, and Diana Arizmendi for taking plant measurements and for their help in hand irrigation of the field experiments for 2 years. We thank Jose-Luis Leon de la Luz for botanical advice and Luz de-Bashan for organizing the manuscript and assisting in organization of parts of the field work. This study was mainly supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico (CONACYT, contract #50052-Z) and partly funded by The Bashan Foundation, USA. Yoav Bashan participated in this study in memory of the late Avner Bashan of Israel. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 6 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1007/s00374-009-0367-x PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 464WR UT WOS:000267540800003 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Mao, JD Honeycutt, CW Ohno, T Hunt, JF Cade-Menun, BJ AF He, Zhongqi Mao, Jingdong Honeycutt, C. Wayne Ohno, Tsutomu Hunt, James F. Cade-Menun, Barbara J. TI Characterization of plant-derived water extractable organic matter by multiple spectroscopic techniques SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Manure-derived water extractable organic matter; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Plant-derived water extractable organic matter; UV-visible spectroscopy ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SWINE MANURE; FULVIC-ACID; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; FRACTIONS; GOETHITE; SORPTION AB Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from fresh- or early-stage decomposing soil amendment materials may play an important role in the process of organic matter accumulation. In this study, eight WEOM samples extracted with a 40:1 (v/w) water to sample ratio from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.), lupin (Lupinus albus L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and dairy manure were investigated using ultraviolet (UV)-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), solution (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and solid state (13)C NMR spectroscopies. UV-visible and FT-IR spectra of the plant-derived WEOM samples were typical for natural organic matter, but possessed less humic-like characteristics than dairy manure-derived WEOM. Solution (31)P NMR spectra indicated that WEOM samples extracted from alfalfa, corn, and soybean shoots contained both orthophosphate and monoester P. Of the monoester P in WEOM from soybean shoot, 70% was phytate P. WEOM from crimson clover, hairy vetch, lupin, and wheat shoots contained orthophosphate only. The solid-state (13)C NMR spectra of the seven plant-derived WEOM samples indicated that they all were primarily composed of sugars, amino acids or peptides, and low molecular mass carboxylic acids. Carbohydrates were dominant components with very few aromatics present in these samples. In addition, WEOM from crimson clover and lupin, but not other three leguminous plant WEOM samples, contained significant asparagine. On the other hand, WEOM from corn and wheat contained less amino acids or peptides. The spectra of WEOM of dairy manure revealed the presence of significant amounts of nonprotonated carbons and lignin residues, suggesting humification of the manure-derived WEOM. Significant carbohydrates as well as aromatics were present in this WEOM. The P and C bonding information for these WEOM samples may be useful for understanding the effects of WEOM on soil nutrient availability to plants. C1 [He, Zhongqi; Honeycutt, C. Wayne] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Mao, Jingdong] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Ohno, Tsutomu; Hunt, James F.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Cade-Menun, Barbara J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013; Cade-Menun, Barbara/0000-0003-4391-3718 FU Jeffress Foundation; Petroleum Research Foundation FX JDM thanks Jeffress Foundation and Petroleum Research Foundation for financial support. We thank Dr. Corey Liu for assistance with 31P-NMR spectroscopy, which was performed at the Stanford Magnetic Resonance Laboratory. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 6 BP 609 EP 616 DI 10.1007/s00374-009-0369-8 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 464WR UT WOS:000267540800005 ER PT J AU Saunders, JA Rosentrater, KA AF Saunders, J. A. Rosentrater, K. A. TI Survey of US fuel ethanol plants SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fuel ethanol; Survey; Coproducts ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; PHENOLIC RESIN; CORN; SOLUBLES; MAIZE AB The ethanol industry is growing in response to increased consumer demands for fuel as well as the renewable fuel standard. Corn ethanol processing creates the following products: 1/3 ethanol, 1/3 distillers grains, and 1/3 carbon dioxide. As the production of ethanol increases so does the generation of its coproducts, and viable uses continually need to be developed. A survey was mailed to operational US ethanol plants to determine current practices. It inquired about processes, equipment used, end products, and desired future directions for coproducts. Results indicated that approximately one-third of plant managers surveyed expressed a willingness to alter current drying time and temperature if it could result in a higher quality coproduct. Other managers indicated hesitation. based on lack of economic incentives, potential cost and return, and capital required. Respondents also reported the desire to use their coproducts in some of the following products: fuels, extrusion, pellets, plastics, and human food applications. These results provide a snapshot of the industry, and indicate that operational changes to the current production of DDGS must be based upon the potential for positive economic returns. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rosentrater, K. A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Saunders, J. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Hospitality, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 100 IS 13 BP 3277 EP 3284 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.071 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 442AB UT WOS:000265810900016 PM 19289276 ER PT J AU Cantrell, KB Stone, KC Hunt, PG Ro, KS Vanotti, MB Burns, JC AF Cantrell, Keri B. Stone, Kenneth C. Hunt, Patrick G. Ro, Kyoung S. Vanotti, Matias B. Burns, Joseph C. TI Bioenergy from Coastal bermudagrass receiving subsurface drip irrigation with advance-treated swine wastewater SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Animal manure; Manure management; Plant nutrients; Water resources; Thermochemical conversion ID FLUIDIZED-BED; BIOMASS GASIFICATION; PYROLYSIS; QUALITY; YIELD; SWITCHGRASS; LITTER; FUELS; COMBUSTION; CONVERSION AB Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) may be a potentially important source of bio-based energy in the southern US due to its vast acreage. It is often produced as part of a waste management plan with varying nutrient composition and energy characteristics on fields irrigated with livestock wastewater. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of subsurface drip irrigation with treated swine wastewater on both the quantity and quality of bermudagrass bioenergy. The treated wastewater was recycled from an advanced treatment system and used for irrigation of bermudagrass in two crop seasons. The experiment had nine water and drip line spacing treatments arrayed in a randomized complete block-design with four replicates. The bermudagrass was analyzed for calorific and mineral contents. Bermudagrass energy yields for 2004 and 2005 ranged from 127.4 to 251.4 MJ ha(-1). Compared to irrigation with commercial nitrogen fertilizer, the least biomass energy density was associated with bermudagrass receiving treated swine wastewater. Yet, in 2004 the wastewater irrigated bermudagrass had greater hay yields leading to greater energy yield per ha. This decrease in energy density of wastewater irrigated bermudagrass was associated with increased concentrations of K, Ca, and Na. After thermal conversion, these compounds are known to remain in the ash portion thereby decreasing the energy density. Nonetheless, the loss of energy density using treated effluent via SDI may be offset by the positive influence of these three elements for their catalytic properties in downstream thermal conversion processes such as promoting a lesser char yield and greater combustible gas formation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cantrell, Keri B.; Stone, Kenneth C.; Hunt, Patrick G.; Ro, Kyoung S.; Vanotti, Matias B.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Burns, Joseph C.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cantrell, KB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 100 IS 13 BP 3285 EP 3292 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.070 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 442AB UT WOS:000265810900017 PM 19289275 ER PT J AU El-Nashaar, HM Griffith, SM Steiner, JJ Banowetz, GM AF El-Nashaar, H. M. Griffith, S. M. Steiner, J. J. Banowetz, G. M. TI Mineral concentration in selected native temperate grasses with potential use as biofuel feedstock SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Biomass; Feedstock; Silica; Thermochemical ID BIOMASS ENERGY CROP; SWITCHGRASS BIOMASS; SOUTHERN ENGLAND; HARVEST TIME; SILICON; GENOTYPES; QUALITY; YIELD; STRAW AB Stands of native grasses along roadways, in buffer strips, riparian zones and grass prairies have potential utility as feedstock for bioenergy production. The sustainability of harvesting these stands is reliant, in part, on knowledge of the mineral concentration of the harvested grasses because removal of mineral nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) can impact subsequent biomass production and ecosystem services associated with these stands. Mineral content of biomass, particularly that of silicon (Si), chlorine (Cl), and sulfur (S) also impacts thermochemical conversion approaches that convert grasses into bioproducts. This study quantified Cl, S, Si, P and K in Bromus marginatus, Elymus glaucus, Poa secunda, Pseudoroegneria, Elymus lanceolatus, Elymus trachycaulus, Leymus cinereus, Leymus triticoides, and Pseudoroegneria spicata collected at three growth developmental stages from four plant introduction stations located in the western US. Differences (P <= 0.05) in mineral concentrations were associated with developmental stage, species, and location. Variability was greatest in Si concentrations which ranged from 1847 to 28620 mg kg(-1), similar to those recorded in other grasses. Variability in CI and S concentrations also occurred, but at less magnitude than that of Si. Concentrations of P and K, two mineral fertilizer components, varied approximately threefold among these grasses. Differences in mineral concentrations among these grasses were not completely dependent upon soil mineral content. Long-term evaluations of available soil mineral concentrations under contrasting management practices are needed to quantify how local conditions impact mineral cycling, and in turn, the sustainability of harvesting these stands. The data presented here establish baselines for these species in locations subject to contrasting environmental and microbiological conditions that affect mineral cycling and availability. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [El-Nashaar, H. M.; Griffith, S. M.; Banowetz, G. M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Steiner, J. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP El-Nashaar, HM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM elnashah@onid.orst.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 100 IS 14 BP 3526 EP 3531 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.051 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 446XA UT WOS:000266153700013 PM 19329307 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Balada, E Taylor, MM Phillips, JG Marmer, WN Brown, EM AF Hernandez-Balada, Eduard Taylor, Maryann M. Phillips, John G. Marmer, William N. Brown, Eleanor M. TI Properties of biopolymers produced by transglutaminase treatment of whey protein isolate and gelatin SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Whey protein isolate; Gelatin; Microbial transglutaminase; Crosslink; Dithiothreitol ID CROSS-LINKING; MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FILMS; GEL; CHITOSAN; ENZYME; AGENTS; MILK AB Byproduct utilization is an important consideration in the development of sustainable processes. Whey protein isolate (WPI), a byproduct of the cheese industry, and gelatin, a byproduct of the leather industry, were reacted individually and in blends with microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) at pH 7.5 and 45 degrees C. When a WPI (10% w/w) solution was treated with mTGase (10 U/g) under reducing conditions, the viscosity increased four-fold and the storage modulus (G') from 0 to 300 Pa over 20 h. Similar treatment of dilute gelatin solutions (0.5-3%) had little effect. Addition of gelatin to 10% WPI caused a synergistic increase in both viscosity and G', with the formation of gels at concentrations greater than 1.5% added gelatin. These results suggest that new biopolymers, with improved functionality, could be developed by mTGase treatment of protein blends containing small amounts of gelatin with the less expensive whey protein. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hernandez-Balada, Eduard; Taylor, Maryann M.; Phillips, John G.; Marmer, William N.; Brown, Eleanor M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Hernandez-Balada, Eduard] Univ Barcelona, Dept Chem Engn, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM eleanor.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 100 IS 14 BP 3638 EP 3643 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.039 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 446XA UT WOS:000266153700029 PM 19324543 ER PT J AU Kavdir, I Buyukcan, MB Lu, RF Kocabiyik, H Seker, M AF Kavdir, Ismail Buyukcan, M. Burak Lu, Renfu Kocabiyik, Habib Seker, Murat TI Prediction of olive quality using FT-NIR spectroscopy in reflectance and transmittance modes SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SOLUBLE-SOLIDS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; CLASSIFICATION; BROWNHEART; KIWIFRUIT; FIRMNESS; VISION; APPLE AB Quality features, including firmness, oil content and colour (chroma, hue), of two olive (Olea europaea L.) varieties ('Ayvalik' and 'Gemlik') were predicted using Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy. Spectral measurements of the intact olives were performed for the wavelength range of 780-2500 nm in reflectance and for 800-1725 nm in transmittance. Measurements of olive firmness, oil content and colour were performed, following the spectral measurements, using standard methods. Calibration models for prediction of olive quality features were developed using the partial least squares method, and they were validated by leave-one-out cross validation. Better prediction results were obtained for Magness-Taylor (MT) maximum force (firmness) for both varieties in transmission mode, with the coefficient of determination (R(2)) of 0.77 and the root mean squared error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 1.36 for 'Ayvalik'. Reflectance mode, on the other hand, had a lower R(2) value of 0.65 (RMSCV=1.82) for 'Ayvalik'. Similar results were obtained for MT maximum force prediction for 'Gemlik' olives. Oil content prediction for each olive variety was poor, due to the relatively homogenous samples. However, better oil content prediction was achieved for the pooled data with the R(2) value of 0.64 (RMSECV=0.05) in reflectance and 0.61 (RMSECV=0.05) in transmittance. Both FT-NIR reflectance and transmittance measurements gave good prediction of olive colour, with the R(2) values for chroma ranging between 0.83 and 0.88 in reflectance and between 0.85 and 0.92 in transmittance. Similar results for hue prediction were also obtained. These results demonstrated that FT-NIR spectroscopy is potentially useful for assessing internal and external quality attributes of olives. (C) 2009 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kavdir, Ismail; Buyukcan, M. Burak; Kocabiyik, Habib] Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Machinery, TR-17100 Canakkale, Turkey. [Lu, Renfu] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Seker, Murat] Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-17100 Canakkale, Turkey. RP Kavdir, I (reprint author), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Machinery, TR-17100 Canakkale, Turkey. EM kavdiris@comu.edu.tr FU Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [1040555] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Project 1040555) for this study and thank the Edremit Olive Growing Station for providing olives. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 103 IS 3 BP 304 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.04.014 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 465UD UT WOS:000267612500007 ER PT J AU Wang, GS Pan, XJ Zhu, JY Gleisner, R Rockwood, D AF Wang, G. S. Pan, X. J. Zhu, J. Y. Gleisner, R. Rockwood, D. TI Sulfite Pretreatment to Overcome Recalcitrance of Lignocellulose (SPORL) for Robust Enzymatic Saccharification of Hardwoods SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE sulfite; bisulfite; pretreatment; enzymatic hydrolysis; recalcitrance; lignocellulose; saccharification; hardwood; biomass; fermentation inhibitors; size reduction; SPORL ID STEAM-EXPLOSION; FUEL ETHANOL; FRACTIONATION; BIOMASS; POPLAR; ACID; WOOD; BIOCONVERSION; OPTIMIZATION; HYDROLYSIS AB This study demonstrates sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) for robust bioconversion of hardwoods. With only about 4% sodium bisulfite charge on aspen and 30-min pretreatment at temperature 180 degrees C, SPORL can achieve near-complete cellulose conversion to glucose in a wide range of pretreatment liquor of pH 2.0-4.5 in only about 10 h enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzyme loading was about 20 FPU cellulase plus 30 CBU beta-glucosidase per gram of cellulose. The production of fermentation inhibitor furfural was less than 20 mg/g of aspen wood at pH 4.5. With pH 4.5, SPORL avoided reactor corrosion problem and eliminated the need for substrate neutralization prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Similar results were obtained from maple and eucalyptus. (C) 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 25: 1086-1093, 2009 C1 [Zhu, J. Y.; Gleisner, R.] USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Pan, X. J.; Zhu, J. Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wang, G. S.] Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Tianjin Key Lab Pulp & Paper, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Rockwood, D.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us RI mei, chaoqun/B-9857-2011 NR 26 TC 81 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1086 EP 1093 DI 10.1002/btpr.206 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 489EO UT WOS:000269403000022 PM 19551888 ER PT J AU Treuhaft, RN Chapman, BD Dos Santos, JR Goncalves, FG Dutra, LV Graca, PMLA Drake, JB AF Treuhaft, Robert N. Chapman, Bruce D. Dos Santos, Joao Roberto Goncalves, Fabio G. Dutra, Luciano V. Graca, Paulo Mauricio L. A. Drake, Jason B. TI THE AMBIGUITY IN FOREST PROFILES AND EXTINCTION ESTIMATED FROM MULTIBASELINE INTERFEROMETRIC SAR SO BOLETIM DE CIENCIAS GEODESICAS LA English DT Article DE Interferometry; Forest; Extinction Coefficient; SAR; InSAR; Remote Sensing ID RADAR; BIOMASS; FUSION; LIDAR AB This paper demonstrates by simulation that in the estimation of vegetation profiles from multibaseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), the peak extinction coefficient is poorly determined for typical interferometric coherence and phase accuracies. This coefficient determines overall density and affects the relative density profiles estimated from interferometry. This paper shows that a given radar power profile gives rise to a family of vegetation density profiles, depending on the peak extinction assumed. It is further demonstrated that estimating the peak extinction requires coherence accuracies of better than 0.1% and phase accuracies of better than a few tenths of a degree, both of which exceed the performance of typical or envisioned SAR systems. Two recommended approaches to profile production with InSAR are 1) use the radar power profile instead of the vegetation density profile for biomass estimation and other ecosystem characterization (in analogy to LIDAR power which is most frequently used for lidar studies of biomass) or 2) apply external information to establish the extinction characteristics needed for vegetation density profiles. C1 [Treuhaft, Robert N.; Chapman, Bruce D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dos Santos, Joao Roberto; Dutra, Luciano V.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Goncalves, Fabio G.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Graca, Paulo Mauricio L. A.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Drake, Jason B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. RP Treuhaft, RN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.treuhaft@jpl.nasa.gov; jroberto@dsr.inpe.br; fabio.goncalves@oregonstate.edu; pmlag@inpa.gov.br; jasondrake@fs.fed.us RI de Alencastro Graca, Paulo Mauricio/B-3375-2013; Dutra, Luciano/C-6582-2009 OI Dutra, Luciano/0000-0002-7757-039X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV FEDERAL PARANA, CENTRO POLITECNICO PI CURITIBA PR PA UFPR CENTRO POLITECNICO, CURSO POS-GRADUACAO CIENCIAS GEODESICAS, JARDIM AMERICAS CAIXA POSTAL 19001, CURITIBA PR, CEP81531-980, BRAZIL SN 1413-4853 J9 B CIENC GEOD JI Bol. Cienc. Geod. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 299 EP 312 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 509AR UT WOS:000270983800001 ER PT J AU Oh, MH Huber, JL Shen, W Athwal, GS Wu, X Huber, SC AF Oh, Man-Ho Huber, Joan L. Shen, Wei Athwal, Gurdeep S. Wu, Xia Huber, Steven C. TI Overexpression of a directed mutant of 14-3-3 omega in Arabidopsis leaves affects phosphorylation and protein content of nitrate reductase SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Society-of-Plant-Physiologists CY JUN, 2008 CL Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Plant Physiol HO Univ Ottawa DE Arabidopsis thaliana; 14-3-3 protein; beta-glucosidase; glutathione S-transferase; two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis; site-directed mutagenesis ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO SEEDLINGS; HINGE 1 REGION; INHIBITOR PROTEIN; SPINACH LEAVES; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; STRESS TOLERANCE; OLERACEA LEAVES; IN-VITRO; BINDING; SITE AB The 14-3-3 family of proteins are highly conserved signaling proteins in eukaryotes that bind to their client proteins, usually through specific phosphorylated target sequences. While the 14-3-3 proteins are thought to interact with a wide array of cellular proteins, there have been few studies addressing the in-vivo role of 14-3-3. As one approach to study this in-vivo role, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively overexpressing a directed mutant of 14-3-3 isoform omega that inhibits phosphorylated nitrate reductase (pNR) in a largely divalent-cation-independent manner in vitro. The transgenic plants had increased relative phosphorylation of NR at the regulatory Ser-534 site and decreased NR activity measured in the presence of 5 nmol.L(-1) MgCl(2) relative to nontransgenic plants. In addition, total NR protein was increased and the protein half-life was increased about two-fold. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis analysis of proteins extracted from leaves of plants expressing the mutant 14-3-3 identified numerous cellular proteins that were altered in abundance. In particular, several beta-glucosidase and glutathione S-transferase isoforms were decreased in abundance relative to wild type plants suggesting a possible alteration in stress or defense responses. C1 [Oh, Man-Ho; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Oh, Man-Ho; Huber, Joan L.; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Oh, Man-Ho; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wu, Xia] Univ Illinois, Program Physiol & Mol Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Shen, Wei; Athwal, Gurdeep S.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@illinois.edu RI Wu, Xia/J-8690-2014 OI Wu, Xia/0000-0002-0024-4481 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD JUL PY 2009 VL 87 IS 7 BP 691 EP 701 DI 10.1139/B09-003 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 488FO UT WOS:000269334800007 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S AF Goldberg, Sabine TI Comments on "Adsorption Sequence of Toxic Inorganic Anions on a Soil" by K. Saeki Bull Environ Contam Toxicol (2008) 81:508-512 SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ARSENITE; ARSENATE; OXIDES C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 4500 Glenwood Dr, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. EM Sabine.Goldberg@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s00128-009-9739-z PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 453XQ UT WOS:000266646600001 PM 19434354 ER PT J AU McCullough, DG Poland, TM Cappaert, D AF McCullough, Deborah G. Poland, Therese M. Cappaert, David TI Attraction of the emerald ash borer to ash trees stressed by girdling, herbicide treatment, or wounding SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; BILINEATUS WEBER COLEOPTERA; TWOLINED CHESTNUT BORER; INDUCED VOLATILES; JASMONIC ACID; NORTH-AMERICA; WHITE OAK; BUPRESTIDAE; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS AB New infestations of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an invasive pest native to Asia, are difficult to detect until densities build and symptoms appear on affected ash (Fraxinus spp). We compared the attraction of A. planipennis to ash trees stressed by girdling (bark and phloem removed from a 15 cm wide band around the tree (20032005)), vertical wounding (same area of bark and phloem removed in a vertical strip (2004)), herbicide treatment (Pathway applied with a Hypo-Hatchet tree injector (2003) or basal bark application of Garlon 4 (2004, 2005)), exposure to the volatile stress elicitor methyl jasmonate (2005), or left untreated (2003-2005). The number and density of captured adults and density of larvae were recorded for 24, 18, and 18 replicates of each treatment at four, three, and five sites in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively. Girdled trees generally captured more adult A. planipennis and consistently had higher larval densities than untreated trees, and at most sites, than trees stressed by other treatments. Differential attraction to girdled trees was more pronounced at sites with lower densities of A. planipennis. Rates of capture of adults and densities of larvae were higher on trees in full or nearly full sun than on shaded trees. Girdled trees could be a useful tool for use in operational programs to detect or manage localized A. planipennis infestations. C1 [McCullough, Deborah G.; Cappaert, David] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] Michigan State Univ, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP McCullough, DG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mccullo6@msu.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area, Forest Health Protection; Michigan State University; Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station [MICL01700] FX We thank Kyle Brown, Erin Clark, Ben Gaeth, Tina Ciaramitaro, and Christopher Pell for assistance in the field, John Stanovick for assistance with statistical analyses, and Cesar Rodriguez-Saona and Bert Cregg for comments on the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by grants from the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area, Forest Health Protection, and Michigan State University's Project GREEEN. This work was supported in part by Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Project No. MICL01700. NR 40 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 9 U2 27 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1331 EP 1345 DI 10.1139/X09-057 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 488FR UT WOS:000269335100008 ER PT J AU Gan, JB Miller, JH Wang, HH Taylor, JW AF Gan, Jianbang Miller, James H. Wang, Hsiaohsuan Taylor, John W., Jr. TI Invasion of tallow tree into southern US forests: influencing factors and implications for mitigation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT DIVERSITY; GROWTH; PATTERNS; EUPHORBIACEAE; INVASIBILITY; DISPERSAL; LOUISIANA; SEEDLINGS AB We identify species-environment relationships to predict the occurrence of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) on forestlands in the southern US, where it has emerged as the most pervading, stand-replacing, alien tree species. Tallow invasions are more likely to be observed on low and flat lands, areas adjacent to water and roadways, sites recently harvested or disturbed, younger stands, and private forestlands. The winter extreme minimum temperature tends to restrain tallow northward migration. Increases in both range and severity of tallow invasions are predicted with a warming climate trend, and the situation could be worse if the warming is coupled with an increased frequency and intensity of disturbances. Monitoring and mitigation strategies are proposed to assist this region and other countries threatened by tallow invasions. C1 [Gan, Jianbang; Wang, Hsiaohsuan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Miller, James H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Taylor, John W., Jr.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Gan, JB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, 2138 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM j-gan@tamu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection of the Southern Region; Texas AgriLife Research FX We thank the USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection of the Southern Region and Texas AgriLife Research for funding this study, and Erwin Chambliss, Southern Research Station, for providing outstanding research assistance. We would also like to thank the copyeditors for all their assistance with this article. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1346 EP 1356 DI 10.1139/X09-058 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 488FR UT WOS:000269335100009 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, TL Sheridan, PM Mahfouz, JM AF Eberhardt, Thomas L. Sheridan, Philip M. Mahfouz, Jolie M. TI Monoterpene persistence in the sapwood and heartwood of longleaf pine stumps: assessment of differences in composition and stability under field conditions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID OLEORESIN CHARACTERISTICS; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; CHEMICAL DEFENSES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; PICEA-ABIES; CONIFERS; BARK; DECOMPOSITION; BIOSYNTHESIS; DEGRADATION AB Monoterpenes in exudates, phloem, and sapwood have received considerable attention relative to the active defenses of pine trees. However, little is known about the composition and function of the heartwood monoterpenes. To address this deficiency, monoterpene contents and relative compositions were determined for sapwood and heartwood samples from longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stumps monitored in the field for a 1 year period postharvest. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis of sapwood and heartwood sample extracts showed the total monoterpene contents for both declined at essentially the same rate. For sapwood, alpha-pinene continued to comprise about 75% of all compounds detected, while the proportion of beta-pinene declined with time (15%-7%). For the heartwood, lower proportions of both alpha- and beta-pinenes (64% and 10%, respectively) were offset by higher proportions of other monoterpenes (e. g., limonene, alpha-terpineol, borneol). The low proportion of beta-pinene in very old turpentine and lightwood stump samples further suggested the lower stability of this particular monoterpene. While it has not been specifically demonstrated that the monoterpenes have an active role in the decay resistance of longleaf pine stump heartwood, these compounds do persist for a very long time and thus are available should they serve this function. C1 [Eberhardt, Thomas L.; Mahfouz, Jolie M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Sheridan, Philip M.] Meadowview Biol Res Stn, Woodford, VA 22580 USA. RP Eberhardt, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM teberhardt@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1357 EP 1365 DI 10.1139/X09-063 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 488FR UT WOS:000269335100010 ER PT J AU Paul, S Rimando, AM Lee, HJ Ji, Y Reddy, BS Suh, N AF Paul, Shiby Rimando, Agnes M. Lee, Hong Jin Ji, Yan Reddy, Bandaru S. Suh, Nanjoo TI Anti-inflammatory Action of Pterostilbene Is Mediated through the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Colon Cancer Cells SO CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; HUMAN COLORECTAL-CANCER; ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; REGULATING CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; MOLECULAR TARGETS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DOWN-REGULATION; B16 MELANOMA; RESVERATROL AB Oxidative/nitrosative stress and generation of proinflammatory cytokines are hallmarks of inflammation. Because chronic inflammation is implicated in several pathologic conditions in humans, including cancers of the colon, anti-inflammatory compounds may be useful chemopreventive agents against colon cancer. Stilbenes, such as resveratrol, have diverse pharmacologic activities, which include anti-inflammation, cancer prevention, a cholesterol-lowering effect, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and increased life span. We previously showed that pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene), a structural analogue of resveratrol, is present in blueberries and that pterostilbene inhibited expression of certain inflammation-related genes in the colon and suppressed aberrant crypt foci formation in rats. Here, we examined molecular mechanisms of the action of pterostilbene in colon cancer. Pterostilbene reduced cell proliferation, down-regulated the expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1, and increased the level of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. A combination of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IFN-gamma, and bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide) induced inflammation-related genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, which was significantly suppressed by treatment with pterostilbene. We further identified upstream signaling pathways contributing to the anti-inflammatory activity of pterostilbene by investigating multiple signaling pathways, including nuclear factor-kappa B, Janus-activated kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Cytokine induction of the p38-activating transcription factor 2 pathway was markedly inhibited by pterostilbene among the different mediators of signaling evaluated. By silencing the expression of the p38 alpha isoform, there was significant reduction in cytokine induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Our data suggest that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is a key signal transduction pathway for eliciting the anti-inflammatory action of pterostilbene in cultured HT-29 colon cancer cells. C1 [Paul, Shiby; Lee, Hong Jin; Ji, Yan; Reddy, Bandaru S.; Suh, Nanjoo] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Suh, Nanjoo] Canc Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. RP Suh, N (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, 164 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM nsuh@rci.rutgers.edu FU NIH [R03 CA112642, R01 CA127645]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30 ES005022]; Cancer Institute of New Jersey FX NIH grants R03 CA112642 and R01 CA127645, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant P30 ES005022, and a Cancer Institute of New Jersey new investigator award. NR 48 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1940-6207 J9 CANCER PREV RES JI Cancer Prev. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 2 IS 7 BP 650 EP 657 DI 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0224 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 467MQ UT WOS:000267743400008 PM 19549798 ER PT J AU Livingston, DP Hincha, DK Heyer, AG AF Livingston, David P., III Hincha, Dirk K. Heyer, Arnd G. TI Fructan and its relationship to abiotic stress tolerance in plants SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Inulin; Levan; Cold acclimation; Subzero acclimation; Model systems; Liposomes; Membrane stabilization; Sugar glasses; Lipid phase transitions; Plant transformation ID SUCROSE-SUCROSE 1-FRUCTOSYLTRANSFERASE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; POTATO SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; CICHORIUM-INTYBUS L; LOLIUM-TEMULENTUM L; FREEZE-THAW DAMAGE; HIGH DP FRUCTAN; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION AB Numerous studies have been published that attempted to correlate fructan concentrations with freezing and drought tolerance. Studies investigating the effect of fructan on liposomes indicated that a direct interaction between membranes and fructan was possible. This new area of research began to move fructan and its association with stress beyond mere correlation by confirming that fructan has the capacity to stabilize membranes during drying by inserting at least part of the polysaccharide into the lipid headgroup region of the membrane. This helps prevent leakage when water is removed from the system either during freezing or drought. When plants were transformed with the ability to synthesize fructan, a concomitant increase in drought and/or freezing tolerance was confirmed. These experiments indicate that besides an indirect effect of supplying tissues with hexose sugars, fructan has a direct protective effect that can be demonstrated by both model systems and genetic transformation. C1 [Livingston, David P., III] USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Livingston, David P., III] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hincha, Dirk K.] Max Planck Inst Mol Pflanzenphysiol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Heyer, Arnd G.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Biol, Abt Bot, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), USDA, 840 Method Rd,Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu RI Heyer, Arnd/O-9828-2015 OI Heyer, Arnd/0000-0003-2074-3234 NR 200 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 3 U2 58 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-682X EI 1420-9071 J9 CELL MOL LIFE SCI JI Cell. Mol. Life Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 13 BP 2007 EP 2023 DI 10.1007/s00018-009-0002-x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 466RP UT WOS:000267680500002 PM 19290476 ER PT J AU Kaufman, RC Tilley, M Bean, SR Tuinstra, MR AF Kaufman, R. C. Tilley, M. Bean, S. R. Tuinstra, M. R. TI Improved Characterization of Sorghum Tannins Using Size-Exclusion Chromatography SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; PROCYANIDINS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; POLYMERS; BICOLOR C1 [Kaufman, R. C.; Tilley, M.; Bean, S. R.] USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS USA. [Tuinstra, M. R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bean, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS USA. EM scott.bean@ars.usda.gov OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 369 EP 371 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-4-0369 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 479EN UT WOS:000268642600001 ER PT J AU Bryant, RJ Anders, M McClung, AM AF Bryant, R. J. Anders, M. McClung, A. M. TI Effect of Cultural Management Practices on Grain Quality of Two Rice Cultivars SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MILLED-RICE; STARCH; GELATINIZATION; REGISTRATION; PROTEIN; AMYLOSE; COOKING AB To reduce fuel and labor costs and increase profits, farmers are trying new ways of growing rice (Oryza sativa L.). This includes changing crop rotations, tillage systems, and fertilization levels. There is little information on how these changes affect the cooking quality of rice. We therefore looked at the parameters associated with cooking and processing quality (apparent amylose, gelatinization temperature, lipid and protein contents, and pasting properties) of two U.S. long grains (Cybonnet and Wells) that were grown using two different tillage systems, standard rate and high rates of fertilization, and different crop rotations (continuous rice R-R, rice after soybeans R-SB, and rice after corn R-C). No differences in quality traits were observed among any of the tillage systems. Rice grown in continuous rice rotation had the lowest protein content of brown and milled rice (8.6 and 8.1%, respectively) as compared to the highest levels observed in the rice-soybean rotation (9.3 and 8.6%, respectively). Rice grown in continuous rice rotation also had higher peak viscosity than other crop rotations. Increasing the fertilization rate increased the protein content of brown rice and decreased peak, trough, and final viscosities. Apparent amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and lipid content were not affected by crop rotation or fertility; however, they were influenced by cultivar. Although the results indicated statistical differences for some quality parameters, the differences were small enough that they are unlikely to have a major impact on processing quality of long grain rice if co-mingled. C1 [Bryant, R. J.; McClung, A. M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Anders, M.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Bryant, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hywy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM rolfe.bryant@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 405 EP 409 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-4-0405 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 479EN UT WOS:000268642600008 ER PT J AU Bhadra, R Rosentrater, KA Muthukumarappan, K AF Bhadra, Rumela Rosentrater, Kurt A. Muthukumarappan, K. TI Cross-Sectional Staining and Surface Properties of DDGS Particles and Their Influence on Flowability SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY; SOLUBLES DDGS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; DRY FRACTIONATION; MOISTURE-CONTENT; FLOW PROPERTIES; FOOD POWDERS; FAT; METHODOLOGY AB With the U.S. fuel ethanol industry projected to grow during the next several years, supplies of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are anticipated to continue to grow as well. DDGS is used primarily as livestock feed. Much of the DDGS must be shipped, often over large distances, outside the Corn Belt (which is where most of the corn-based ethanol plants are currently located). Stickiness and caking among particles is a common issue for DDGS, and it often leads to flowability problems. To address this, the objective of this study was to understand the cross-sectional and surface natures of DDGS particles from five ethanol plants, and how they interact with DDGS properties. This study examined the distribution patterns of chemical components within cross-sections, within section edges (i.e., surface layers), and on surfaces using standard staining techniques; chemical composition was determined using standard protocols; and physical and flowability properties were also determined. Crude protein in the samples was 28.33-30.65% db, crude fat was 9.40-10.98% db, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was 31.84-39.90% db. Moisture contents were 4.61-8.08% db, and geometric mean diameters were 0.37-0.52 mm. Cross-sectional staining showed protein levels of 19.57-40.39%, and carbohydrate levels of 22.17-43.06%, depending on the particle size examined and the production plant from which the DDGS was sampled. Staining of DDGS particles indicated a higher amount of surface layer protein compared with carbohydrate thickness in DDGS particles that had a lower flow function index (which indicated potential flow issues). Additionally, surface fat staining suggested that higher surface fat also occurred in samples with worse flow problems. This study represents another step toward understanding why DDGS particles stick together during storage and transport, and will hopefully help to improve DDGS material handling strategies. C1 [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Bhadra, Rumela; Muthukumarappan, K.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU Agricultural Experiment Station at South Dakota State University; USDA-ARS FX We would like to extend sincere thanks to Tanya D. Graham, Frank Qin, Joel Zebill, Margaret Perry, and all the other staff members in the Department of Veterinary Science at South Dakota State University (SDSU). We thank Michael Hildereth, Department of Biology (SDSU), who aided with the staining and microscopy work. We would also like to extend our sincere gratitude to all the ethanol plants that generously contributed DDGS samples for this research. We appreciate the financial support provided by Agricultural Experiment Station at South Dakota State University and USDA-ARS to complete this project. NR 67 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 410 EP 420 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-4-0410 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 479EN UT WOS:000268642600009 ER PT J AU Kweon, M Slade, L Levine, H AF Kweon, Meera Slade, Louise Levine, Harry TI Oxidative Gelation of Solvent-Accessible Arabinoxylans is the Predominant Consequence of Extensive Chlorination of Soft Wheat Flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WATER; PENTOSANS; QUALITY; SIZE C1 [Kweon, Meera] ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH USA. [Slade, Louise; Levine, Harry] Food Polymer Sci Consultancy, Morris Plains, NJ USA. RP Kweon, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH USA. EM kweon.11@osu.edu NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 421 EP 424 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-4-0421 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 479EN UT WOS:000268642600010 ER PT J AU Kweon, M Slade, L Levine, H Martin, R Souza, E AF Kweon, Meera Slade, Louise Levine, Harry Martin, Ron Souza, Edward TI Exploration of Sugar Functionality in Sugar-Snap and Wire-Cut Cookie Baking: Implications for Potential Sucrose Replacement or Reduction SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; WHEAT-STARCH GELATINIZATION; QUALITY; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; INDEX AB The sugar series-xylose, glucose, fructose, and sucrose-can be used diagnostically to explore the effects of sugar type on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA), and cookie baking performance because of the differences in glass-forming abilities (related to plasticization) and solubility parameters (related to solvent preference) of different sugars. Sugar concentration (% S), total solvent (TS), and dough formulation defined a core experimental design for cookie baking with the four sugar types and two baking methods. Although wire-cut cookie baking (66% S and 64 TS) showed the same trends as sugar-snap cookie baking (73% S and 79 TS) for diameter, height, and moisture content, the wire-cut formulation enabled greater discrimination among the effects of different sugar types on dough and cookie responses. Use of two different crystal sizes of sucrose confirmed the dominant impact of both gluten development during dough mixing and starch pasting during cookie baking on collapse: the greater rate of dissolution of smaller sucrose crystals resulted in greater surface crack for sugar-snap cookies, and lower height for wire-cut cookies. Because the historical definition of an "excellent quality cookie flour" is based on the performance of a flour in a cookie formulated with sucrose, the effect of sugar type on cookie making is to transform the apparent baking performance of a flour. Whereas formulation with sucrose optimizes the flour performance for cookie baking, formulation with xylose exaggerates the worst aspects of cookie flour functionality and makes even the best cookie flour look like a "poor quality cookie flour". Use of solvent retention capacity (SRC), DSC, RVA, and wire-cut cookie baking as predictive research tools demonstrated that identification of a flour with an optimized SRC pattern is the key to successful mitigation of the detrimental effects of sucrose replacement on cookie processing and product attributes. C1 [Kweon, Meera; Martin, Ron; Souza, Edward] ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Slade, Louise; Levine, Harry] Food Polymer Sci Consultancy, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. RP Kweon, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM kweon.11@osu.edu NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 28 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-4-0425 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 479EN UT WOS:000268642600011 ER PT J AU Prasopsunwattana, N Omary, MB Arndt, EA Cooke, PH Flores, RA Yokoyama, W Toma, A Chongcham, S Lee, SP AF Prasopsunwattana, Naruemon Omary, Maria Botero Arndt, Elizabeth A. Cooke, Peter H. Flores, Rolando A. Yokoyama, Wallace Toma, Ayako Chongcham, Sutida Lee, Sylvia P. TI Particle Size Effects on the Quality of Flour Tortillas Enriched with Whole Grain Waxy Barley SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; HULL-LESS BARLEY; FIBER INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; TEXTURAL PROPERTIES; WHEAT TORTILLAS; DIETARY FIBER; HEALTH; RISK; FRACTIONS AB Wheat tortillas were enriched with whole barley flour (WBF) of different particle sizes including 237 mu m (regular [R]), 131 mu m (intermediate [IM]), and 68 mu m (microground [MG]). Topographical and fluorescent microstructure images of flours, doughs, and tortillas were examined. Flours and tortillas were analyzed for color, protein, ash, starch, moisture, and beta-glucan content. Farinograph testing was conducted on the flour blends. Water activity and texture analyses of tortillas were conducted. A 9-point hedonic scale was used by 95 untrained panelists to evaluate tortilla appearance, color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. Two commercial products (CP) were included in some analyses. As WBF particle size decreased, color was lighter; protein, moisture content and mixing stability decreased; ash, starch content, water absorption and farinograph peak time increased; and beta-glucan content was constant. WBF tortillas were darker than the control (C), while IM and MG tortillas had lower peak forces than C. No flavor differences were reported among C, R, and MG tortillas but higher scores were given to both CP in all attributes tested. Tortillas made with the largest WBF particle size (R) were the most similar in protein content, texture and flavor when compared with C tortillas made with refined bread flour. C1 [Prasopsunwattana, Naruemon; Omary, Maria Botero; Toma, Ayako; Chongcham, Sutida; Lee, Sylvia P.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Arndt, Elizabeth A.] ConAgra Foods Inc, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. [Cooke, Peter H.] ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Flores, Rolando A.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Yokoyama, Wallace] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Omary, MB (reprint author), Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. EM mboteroomary@csupomona.edu NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 439 EP 451 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-4-0439 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 479EN UT WOS:000268642600013 ER PT J AU Ohm, JB Hareland, G Simsek, S Seabourn, B AF Ohm, Jae-Bom Hareland, Gary Simsek, Senay Seabourn, Bradford TI Size-Exclusion HPLC of Protein Using a Narrow-Bore Column for Evaluation of Breadmaking Quality of Hard Spring Wheat Flours SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION; GLUTENIN MACROPOLYMER; RE-POLYMERIZATION; DOUGH; DEPOLYMERIZATION; SONICATION; WINTER; QUANTIFICATION; PARAMETERS AB The objective of this study was to investigate whether a narrow-bore column (NBC) (300 x 4.5 mm, i.d.) improved analyses of unreduced proteins in flour by size-exclusion HPLC (SE-HPLC) and subsequent evaluation of breadmaking quality of hard spring wheat flours. Total protein extracts and SDS buffer extractable and unextractable proteins were analyzed by SE-HPLC. NBC separated proteins in 10 min at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min with similar resolution to a regular column (300 x 7.8 mm, i.d.) which took 30 min. SE-HPLC absorbance area (AA) data obtained from an NBC showed comparable or superior repeatability and correlations with flour breadmaking characteristics when compared with those of a regular column. AA values of total protein that were calculated by adding AA values of SDS extractable and unextractable proteins showed greater repeatability and correlations with quality characteristics than those of actual total protein extracts. The improvements including employment of an NBC in SE-HPLC provide enhancement of rapid quality evaluation and decreased consumption of hazardous organic solvents. C1 [Ohm, Jae-Bom; Hareland, Gary] ARS, USDA, RRVARC,NCSL,Cereal Crops Res Unit, Hard Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Simsek, Senay] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Seabourn, Bradford] ARS, USDA, GMPRC,Grain Qual & Struct Res Unit, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Ohm, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, RRVARC,NCSL,Cereal Crops Res Unit, Hard Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND USA. EM jae.ohm@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-4-0463 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 479EN UT WOS:000268642600015 ER PT J AU Park, B AF Park, B. TI NANOTECHNOLOGY for Food Safety SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; RAPID DETECTION; MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; TYPHIMURIUM; ANTIBODIES; PROTEINS; ELISA; RICIN C1 ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA USA. EM bosoon.park@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 54 IS 4 BP 158 EP 162 DI 10.1094/CFW-54-4-0158 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 474HH UT WOS:000268272800003 ER PT J AU Frankfater, C Tellez, MR Slattery, M AF Frankfater, Cheryl Tellez, Maria R. Slattery, Marc TI The scent of alarm: ontogenetic and genetic variation in the osmeterial gland chemistry of Papilio glaucus (Papilionidae) caterpillars SO CHEMOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Osmeteria; Terpene; Defensive secretions; Papilio glaucus; Predation; Swallowtail butterfly ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; DEFENSIVE SECRETION; SWALLOWTAIL; LEPIDOPTERA; LARVAE; BUTTERFLIES; COLEOPTERA; BIOSYNTHESIS; CONSTITUENTS; MONOTERPENES AB Within a species, ontogenetic and genetic variation in defensive chemistry can provide the basis for natural selection from different predator types. The osmeterial chemistry of fifth (last) instar Papilio glaucus caterpillars is known to differ qualitatively from the composition of early instar caterpillars. However, the osmeterial chemistry of early instar caterpillars has not been thoroughly characterized and may change as the caterpillars undergo their first three molts. We have used GC/MS to identify a suite of about 50 different terpene compounds in the osmeterial secretions of P. glaucus caterpillars, and found the relative amounts of these compounds changed significantly with each molt. These quantitative changes preceded the more dramatic qualitative switch to the production of 2-methylbutyric and isobutyric acids after the molt to the fifth instar. We also examined the effects of diet and genetic background on the relative quantities of 15 terpenes present in the secretions of third instar caterpillars. Parentage was found to affect the percentages of many more of the individual components than did diet, although both exerted an effect. The ontogenetic and genetic variations in the composition of the osmeterial secretions appear to have an effect on would-be predators. In the laboratory, terpene secretion was found to discourage attack by ants, whereas the switch from terpene to acid production rendered the caterpillars less palatable to a larger predator, the green anole. In the field, the presence of functional osmeteria did not seem to dramatically increase survival in a field study, and only a small, non-significant advantage was seen. Similarly, field data was suggestive that parentage might affect the likelihood of survival in a natural setting, but the stage of the caterpillar and the field site significantly affected survivorship. Further studies with greater replicates will be needed to determine whether and to what extent chemical differences in osmeterial components as well as behavior contribute to differences in outcomes in the field. C1 [Frankfater, Cheryl; Slattery, Marc] Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tellez, Maria R.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Frankfater, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Cheryl.Frankfater@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0937-7409 J9 CHEMOECOLOGY JI Chemoecology PD JUL PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1007/s00049-009-0013-y PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 462OJ UT WOS:000267365200003 ER PT J AU Thompson, ML Casey, FXM Khan, E Hakk, H Larsen, GL DeSutter, T AF Thompson, Michael L. Casey, Francis X. M. Khan, Eakalak Hakk, Heldur Larsen, Gerald L. DeSutter, Thomas TI Occurrence and pathways of manure-borne 17 beta-estradiol in vadose zone water SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Estrogens; Estradiol; Hormone; Soil; Vadose zone; Lysimeter ID ESTROGENIC HORMONES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; TESTOSTERONE; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; SAMPLERS; TRACERS; FATE; TRANSFORMATION; DEGRADATION AB The hormone 17 beta-estradiol (E2) can cause endocrine disruption in sensitive species at part per trillion concentrations. The persistence and transport pathways of manure-borne E2 in agricultural soils were determined by comparing its occurrence with the transfer of water and the transport of non-sorbing fluorobenzoic acid (FBA) tracers. This comparison was done using capillary wick lysimeters installed 0.61 m beneath three corn (Zea mays L.) plots that receive swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) manure from various sources. An additional control plot was included that received no manure. Soil water transfer was modeled to compare actual versus predicted percolation. On average, lysimeters collected 61% of the expected percolation and 8% of the FBA. There were frequent E2 detections, where there were an average of 8 detections for the 11 sample events. The average detection was 21 ng L-1 and its range was 1-245 ng L-1. 17 beta-Estradiol was detected before manure was applied and also in the control plot lysimeters. Furthermore, the average mass recovery of E2 in all the lysimeters was >50%, which was greater than the FBA tracer recovery. Results indicated that tracer was transported with precipitated water infiltrating into the soil surface and percolating down through the soil profile. There was substantial evidence for antecedent E2, which was persistent and mobile. The persistence and mobility of the E2 may result from its associations with colloids, such as dissolved organic matter. Furthermore, this antecedent E2 appeared to overwhelm any observable effect of manure management on E2 fate and transport. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Casey, Francis X. M.; DeSutter, Thomas] N Dakota State Univ, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Thompson, Michael L.] USA, CO C, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Khan, Eakalak] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Hakk, Heldur; Larsen, Gerald L.] ARS, Anim Metabolite & Agr Chem Unit, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Casey, FXM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM francis.casey@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 FU National Science Foundation [0730492] FX This research was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0730492. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors greatly appreciate the tremendous contributions made by Mr. Nathan E. Derby, Mrs. Barbara K. Magelky, Mrs. Colleen M. Pfaff, and Mrs. Kimberly Zitnick. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2009 VL 76 IS 4 BP 472 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.037 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 462NU UT WOS:000267361800007 PM 19394677 ER PT J AU Lertpaitoonpan, W Ong, SK Moorman, TB AF Lertpaitoonpan, Warisara Ong, Say Kee Moorman, Thomas B. TI Effect of organic carbon and pH on soil sorption of sulfamethazine SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Sorption; Antibiotics; Sulfonamide; Soil pH; Organic carbon content ID VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; CLAY-MINERALS; WASTE-WATER; ADSORPTION; SULFONAMIDES; ENVIRONMENT; MANURE; TRIMETHOPRIM AB Batch sorption of sulfamethazine was conducted using five soils with organic carbon (OC) contents ranging from 0.1% to 3.8% and solution pHs ranging from 5.5 to 9. Sorption of sulfamethazine was found to be impacted by OC, soil surface area and soil solution pH, with higher K-d values for soils with higher OC and lower Kd values as the pH increased. However, OC was found to be the more dominant parameter. Linear partition coefficients at pH 5.5 were found to be 0.58 +/- 0.17 L kg(-1) for soil with 0.1% OC and 3.91 +/- 0.36 L kg(-1) for soil with 3.8% OC. At pH 9, the Kd values were found to decrease by more than 50% to 0.23 +/- 0.06 L kg(-1) (soil with 0.1% OC) and 1.16 +/- 0.05 L kg(-1) (soil with 3.8% OC. Hydrophobic sorption was probably involved for pH < 7.4 (pK(a,2) = 7.4 for sulfamethazine) due to the non-ionized form of sulfamethazine while surface sorption was probably involved for pH > 7.4 due to the ionized form of sulfamethazine. This was confirmed by regressing the estimated sorption coefficients of cationic, uncharged, and anionic species against the soil properties. A stepwise linear regression model incorporating the anionic fraction of sulfamethazine ionization and soil properties were developed and were found to estimate the K-d values of other studies using soils of different pH and soil properties. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lertpaitoonpan, Warisara; Ong, Say Kee] Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Moorman, Thomas B.] ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Ong, SK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, 490 Town Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM skong@iastate.edu RI Ong, Say Kee/H-7026-2013 OI Ong, Say Kee/0000-0002-5008-4279 NR 38 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 7 U2 63 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2009 VL 76 IS 4 BP 558 EP 564 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.066 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 462NU UT WOS:000267361800020 PM 19349062 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Selling, GS Shogren, RL Willett, JL Buchanan, CM Cheng, HN AF Biswas, Atanu Selling, G. S. Shogren, R. L. Willett, J. L. Buchanan, C. M. Cheng, H. N. TI Iodine-catalyzed esterification of polysaccharides SO CHIMICA OGGI-CHEMISTRY TODAY LA English DT Article DE cellulose acetate; starch acetate; iodine; acetylation; polysaccharides ID CELLULOSE; SOLVENT; STARCH; ACETYLATION AB Esters of cellulose and starch are well known commercial materials. Cellulose acetate, for example, is a major product with annual global production of over 1.5 billion pounds. The conventional acetylation processes involve solvents such as methylene chloride or high temperature with sulfuric or perchloric acid as a catalyst. A review is provided here of the recent reports concerning rapid, alternative preparation of cellulose and starch esters. The process entails reaction of the cellulose or starch with acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalytic level of iodine, and in the absence of additional solvents. The reactant stoichiometry, reaction temperature, and reaction time all have effects on the degree of substitution of the ester and the reaction yield. Included in the review are the proposed modes of action for iodine, the mechanism, and assessment of the utility of this approach. C1 [Biswas, Atanu; Selling, G. S.; Shogren, R. L.; Willett, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Buchanan, C. M.] Eastman Chem Co, Kingsport, TN 37662 USA. [Cheng, H. N.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Ashland Hercules Water Technol, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILANO PA VIALE BRIANZA 22, 20127 MILANO, ITALY SN 1973-8250 J9 CHIM OGGI JI Chim. Oggi-Chem. Today PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 27 IS 4 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 479MD UT WOS:000268662700008 ER PT J AU Laclaustra, M Navas-Acien, A Stranges, S Ordovas, JM Guallar, E AF Laclaustra, Martin Navas-Acien, Ana Stranges, Saverio Ordovas, Jose M. Guallar, Eliseo TI Serum Selenium Concentrations and Hypertension in the US Population SO CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES LA English DT Article DE selenium; blood pressure; hypertension; nutrition surveys ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HUMAN HEALTH; RISK; ADULTS; PREVENTION; TRIAL; METAANALYSIS; MORTALITY; STROKE AB Background-Selenium is an antioxidant micronutrient with potential interest for cardiovascular disease prevention. Few studies have evaluated the association between selenium and hypertension, with inconsistent findings. We explored the relationship of serum selenium concentrations with blood pressure and hypertension in a representative sample of the US population. Methods and Results-We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of 2638 adults >= 40 years old who participated in the 2003 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum selenium was measured by inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure >= 140/90 mm Hg or current use of antihypertensive medication. Mean serum selenium was 137.1 mu g/L. The multivariable adjusted ;differences (95% CIs) in blood pressure levels comparing the highest (>= 150 mu g/L) to the lowest (<122 mu g/L) quintile of serum selenium were 4.3 (1.3 to 7.4), 1.6 (-0.5 to 3.7), and 2.8 (0.8 to 4.7) mm Hg for systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure, respectively. The corresponding odds ratio for hypertension was 1.73 (1.18 to 2.53). In spline regression models, blood pressure levels and the prevalence of hypertension increased with increasing selenium concentrations up to 160 mu g/L. Conclusions-High serum selenium concentrations were associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. These findings call for a thorough evaluation of the risks and benefits associated with high selenium status in the United States. (Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2009;2:369-376.) C1 [Laclaustra, Martin; Navas-Acien, Ana; Guallar, Eliseo] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Laclaustra, Martin; Navas-Acien, Ana; Guallar, Eliseo] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Navas-Acien, Ana] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Stranges, Saverio] Univ Warwick, Sch Med, Hlth Sci Res Inst, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Laclaustra, Martin; Guallar, Eliseo] CNIC, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Guallar, E (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, 2024 E Monument St,Room 2-639, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM eguallar@jhsph.edu RI STRANGES, SAVERIO/F-3273-2010; Guallar, Eliseo/D-3807-2014; Laclaustra, Martin/C-6709-2015; OI Guallar, Eliseo/0000-0002-4471-9565; Laclaustra, Martin/0000-0003-3963-0846; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1 R01 ES012673]; American Heart Association [0230232N] FX This work was supported by grants 1 R01 ES012673 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and 0230232N from the American Heart Association. NR 32 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1941-7713 J9 CIRC-CARDIOVASC QUAL JI Circ.-Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes PD JUL PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.831552 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 575NP UT WOS:000276074200013 PM 20031863 ER PT J AU Tsai, MY Ordovas, JM AF Tsai, Michael Y. Ordovas, Jose M. TI APOC3 Mutation, Serum Triglyceride Concentrations, and Coronary Heart Disease SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tsai, MY (reprint author), 420 Delaware St SE,Mayo Mail Code 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM tsaix001@tc.umn.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1274 EP 1276 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2009.124669 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 463VI UT WOS:000267460200005 PM 19443564 ER PT J AU Kao, CC Bandi, V Guntupalli, KK Wu, MH Castillo, L Jahoor, F AF Kao, Christina C. Bandi, Venkata Guntupalli, Kalpalatha K. Wu, Manhong Castillo, Leticia Jahoor, Farook TI Arginine, citrulline and nitric oxide metabolism in sepsis SO CLINICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arginine; citrulline; isotope; nitric oxide; septic shock ID BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES; TIMI RISK SCORE; LONG-TERM MORTALITY; GLOBAL REGISTRY; ARTERY-DISEASE; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; STRATIFICATION; BNP AB Arginine has vasodilatory effects, via its conversion by NO synthase into NO, and immunomodulatory actions which play important roles in sepsis. Protein breakdown affects arginine availability and the release of asymmetric dimethylarginine, an inhibitor of NO synthase, may therefore affect NO synthesis in patients with sepsis. The objective of the present study was to investigate whole-body in vivo arginine and citrulline metabolism and NO synthesis rates, and their relationship to protein breakdown in patients with sepsis or septic shock and in healthy volunteers. Endogenous leucine flux, an index of whole-body protein breakdown rate, was measured in 13 critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock and seven healthy controls using an intravenous infusion of [I-(13)C]leucine. Arginine flux, citrulline flux and the rate of conversion of arginine into citrulline (an index of NO synthesis) were measured with intravenous infusions of [(15)N(2)]guanidino-arginine and [5,5-(2)H(2)]citrulline. Plasma concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate, arginine, citrulline and asymmetric dimethylarginine were measured. Compared with controls, patients had a higher leucine flux and higher NO metabolites, but arginine flux, plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentration and the rate of NO synthesis were not different. Citrulline flux and plasma arginine and citrulline were lower in patients than in controls. Arginine production was positively correlated with the protein breakdown rate. Whole-body arginine production and NO synthesis were similar in patients with sepsis and septic shock and healthy controls. Despite increased proteolysis in sepsis, there is a decreased arginine plasma concentration, suggesting inadequate de novo synthesis secondary to decreased citrulline production. C1 [Kao, Christina C.; Wu, Manhong; Castillo, Leticia; Jahoor, Farook] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kao, Christina C.; Bandi, Venkata; Guntupalli, Kalpalatha K.] Baylor Coll Med, Sect Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Kao, CC (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ck692121@bcm.tmc.edu FU British Heart Foundation [FS/03/028/15486] FX This work was supported by the British Heart Foundation [grant number FS/03/028/15486 (junior Research Fellowship to S. Q. K.)]. NR 29 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0143-5221 J9 CLIN SCI JI Clin. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 117 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1042/CS20080444 PG 17 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 466VJ UT WOS:000267691100004 PM 19105791 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Russell, BA Richards, MP AF Rosebrough, R. W. Russell, B. A. Richards, M. P. TI Effects of short term triiodothyronine administration to broiler chickens fed methimazole SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Triiodothyronine; Methimazole; Broiler chickens (Galus galus); Metabolic changes ID DIETARY THYROID-HORMONES; MALIC ENZYME; GROWTH-HORMONE; FEEDING REGIMENS; LIPID-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNAS; TRANSCRIPTION; PROTEIN; CARBOXYLASE AB The purposes of these experiments were to determine possible relationships among certain indices of lipid metabolism and specific gene expression in chickens (Gallus gallus) fed methimazole (MMI) and the subsequent effects of providing supplemental T(3) to relieve the effects of MMI. Male, broiler chickens growing from 14 to 28 days of age were fed diets containing 18% crude protein and either 0 or 1 g MMI/kg of diet. At 28 days, birds received 18% crude protein diets containing either 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T3)/kg. Birds were sampled at 0, 1, 2 & 4 days post relief from MMI or at 0, 3, 6, 9, 24 & 48 h. Measurements taken in the first experiment included in vitro lipogenesis (IVL), malic enzyme (ME), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD-NADP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme activities and the expression of the genes for ME, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl coenzyme carboxylase (ACC), ICD and AST. The same enzyme activities and gene expressions were assayed over the intervals mentioned above. In vitro lipogenesis was eliminated due to constraints imposed by sampling times. Gene expression was estimated with real time RT-PCR assays. Dietary MMI decreased IVL and ME at 28 days of age. T(3) supplementation for I day restored both IVL and ME. Continuing T(3) replenishment decreased IVL without affecting ME activity. Although MMI decreased ME gene expression, there was only a transitory relationship between enzyme activity and gene expression when apparent thyroid function was restored with exogenous T(3). Metabolic changes in response to feeding T(3) occurred within a short period, suggesting that changes in intermediary metabolism preceded morphological changes. Furthermore, the thyroid state of the animal will determine responses to exogenous T(3). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rosebrough, R. W.; Russell, B. A.; Richards, M. P.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), Bldg 200 Rm 212,BARC EAST,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bob.rosebrough@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 27 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.02.009 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 454MU UT WOS:000266687100011 PM 19272462 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE AF Swayne, David E. TI Avian influenza vaccines and therapies for poultry SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; Vaccine; Protection; Efficacy; Potency ID OIL-EMULSION VACCINES; REVERSE GENETICS; VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; A VIRUS; EXPRESSED HEMAGGLUTININ; PROTECTS CHICKENS; ANIMALS STRATEGY; RECOMBINANT; EFFICACY AB Vaccines have been used in avian influenza (AI) control programs to prevent, manage or eradicate AI from poultry and other birds. The best protection is produced from the humoral response against the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. A variety of vaccines have been developed and tested under experimental conditions with a few receiving licensure and field use following demonstration of purity, safety, efficacy and potency. Current licensed vaccines are predominately inactivated whole AI vaccines, typically produced from low pathogenicity (LP) AI virus strains, or occasionally from high pathogenicity AI virus strains. Recently, reverse genetic procedures have been developed that allow construction of vaccine strains using a genetically altered HA gene (changing HP HA proteolytic cleavage site to LP) and a backbone of internal gene segments for safe, high growth production. Other licensed At vaccines include recombinant fowl poxvirus vector with an AI H5 insert and a recombinant Newcastle disease virus vector with an AI H5 gene insert. The latter vaccine can be mass administered via aerosol application. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 351 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.01.006 PG 13 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 435UD UT WOS:000265367900009 PM 18442853 ER PT J AU Carta, LK Handoo, ZA Hoberg, EP Erbe, EF Wergin, WP AF Carta, Lynn K. Handoo, Zafar A. Hoberg, Eric P. Erbe, Eric F. Wergin, William P. TI Evaluation of Some Vulval Appendages in Nematode Taxonomy SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Araeolaimida; Ascaridida; Capillariidae; character analysis; cuticle; Enoplida; functional morphology; lateral field; Oxyuroidea; phylogeny; Plectidae; Rhigonematida; Trichocephalida; Triplonchicla; Spirurida ID N-SP NEMATODA; GENUS PARATYLENCHUS-MICOLETZKY; SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; DIAGNOSTIC COMPENDIUM; COPULATORY PLUGS; LOW-TEMPERATURE AB A survey of the nature and phylogenetic distribution of nematode vulval appendages revealed 3 major classes based on composition, position, and orientation that included membranes, flaps, and epiptygmata. Minor classes included Cuticular inflations, protruding vulvar appendages of extruded gonadal tissues, vulval ridges, and peri-vulval pits. Vulval membranes were found in Mermithida, Triplonchida, Chromadorida, Rhabditidae, Panagrolaimidae, Tylenchida, and Trichostrongylidae. Vulval flaps were found in Desmodoroidea, Mermithida, Oxyuroidea, Tylenchida. Rhabditida, and Trichostrongyloidea. Epiptygmata were present within Aphelenchida, Tylenchida, Rhabditida, including the diverged Steinernematidae, and Enoplida. Within the Rhabditida. vulval ridges occurred in Cervidellus, peri-vulval pits in Strongyloides, cuticular inflations in Trichostrongylidae, and vulval cuticular sacs in Myolaimus and Deleyia. Vulval membranes have been confused with persistent copulatory sacs deposited by males, and some putative appendages may be artifactual. Vulval appendages occurred almost exclusively in commensal or parasitic nematode taxa. Appendages were discussed based on their relative taxonomic reliability, ecological associations, and distribution in the context of recent 18S ribosomal DNA molecular phylogenetic trees for the nematodes. Characters were found to be distributed across subsets of terminal and phylogenetically distant taxa, demonstrating considerable homoplasy. Accurate definitions, terminology. and documentation of the taxonomic distribution of vulval appendages are important in evaluations of hypotheses for either parallelism and developmental constraint or convergence and adaptation. C1 [Carta, Lynn K.; Handoo, Zafar A.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hoberg, Eric P.] USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carta, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lynn.carta@ars.usda.gov; handooz@ars.usda.gov; eric.hoberg@ars.usda.gov; weekserbe@verizon.net; wwergin@msn.com NR 151 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 76 IS 2 BP 191 EP 209 DI 10.1654/4302.1 PG 19 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 485RP UT WOS:000269141700007 ER PT J AU Robinson, BH Banuelos, G Conesa, HM Evangelou, MWH Schulin, R AF Robinson, Brett H. Banuelos, Gary Conesa, Hector M. Evangelou, Michael W. H. Schulin, Rainer TI The Phytomanagement of Trace Elements in Soil SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE bioenergy; biofortification; phytoextraction; phytomining; phytoremediation ID HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; HEAVY-METAL DETOXIFICATION; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CONTAMINATED SOILS; MINE TAILINGS; CHELATING-AGENTS; PLANT-GROWTH; RHIZOSPHERE CHARACTERISTICS; COMMERCIAL PHYTOEXTRACTION; CELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION AB Trace elements (TEs) occur at low concentrations (<1000 mg kg(-1)) in organisms, yet they have a large biological effect, both as essential nutrients and environmental contaminants. Phytomanagement describes the manipulation of soil-plant systems to affect the fluxes of TEs in the environment with the goal of remediating contaminated soils, recovering valuable metals, or increasing micronutrient concentrations in crops. Phytomanagement includes all biological, chemical, and physical technologies employed on a vegetated site. Successful phytomanagement should either cost less than other remediation or fortification technologies, or be a profitable operation, by producing valuable plant biomass products. This may include bioenergy or timber production on contaminated land, a practice that does not reduce food production. We review the components of phytomanagement and the underlying biogeochemical processes, with a view to elucidating situations where this technology may be successfully applied and identifying future research needs. Many full-scale operations have proved the efficacy of plants to reduce contaminant mobility in soils (phytostabilization), particularly when used in combination with other technologies. As a stand-alone technology, the oft-touted use of plants to extract TEs from contaminated soils (phytoextraction) or low-grade ore bodies (phytomining) is unsuitable for most, if not all, sites due to low-extraction rates and problems caused by site heterogeneity, the limited rooting depth of plants and the presence of contaminant mixtures. Unsubstantiated claims about phytoextraction have tarnished the reputation of all "phyto" technologies. Nevertheless, phytoextraction, as part of a larger environmental toolkit, has a role in phytomanagement. The growth, or lack thereof, of profitable companies that provide phytomanagement will indicate its value. A critical knowledge gap in phytomanagement is the integration of the processes that affect plant-TE interactions and the biophysical processes affecting TE fluxes in the root zone, especially the effect of roots on contaminant fluxes. C1 [Robinson, Brett H.] Lincoln Univ, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand. [Banuelos, Gary] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA USA. [Conesa, Hector M.; Evangelou, Michael W. H.; Schulin, Rainer] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Sci, Inst Terr Ecosyst, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Robinson, BH (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, POB 84, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand. EM Brett.Robinson@lincoln.ac.nz RI Robinson, Brett/F-1208-2010; Conesa , Hector/A-3481-2009; Evangelou, Michael/H-2503-2012 OI Robinson, Brett/0000-0003-0322-0255; Conesa , Hector/0000-0003-0747-3401; NR 183 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 9 U2 95 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 EI 1549-7836 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 4 BP 240 EP 266 DI 10.1080/07352680903035424 PG 27 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 473QD UT WOS:000268221700003 ER PT J AU Hummel, NA Castro, BA McDonald, EM Pellerano, MA Ochoa, R AF Hummel, Natalie A. Castro, Boris A. McDonald, Eric M. Pellerano, Miguel A. Ochoa, Ronald TI The panicle rice mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley, a re-discovered pest of rice in the United States SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE Adventive species; Fungi; Invasive species; Oryza sativa; Tarsonemidae ID FUNGUS; PYXIDIOPHORA; ASSOCIATION; ASCOSPORES; DISPERSAL; BEETLE AB The panicle rice mite (PRM), Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley. was reported in 2007 in the United States in greenhouses and/or field Cultures of rice (Oryza saliva L) in the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, New York, and Texas. PRM had not been reported in rice Culture in the United States since the original type specimen was collected in Louisiana in association with a delphacid insect in the 1960s. PRM is the most important and destructive mite pest attacking the rice crop worldwide. It has been recognized as a pest of rice throughout the rice-growing regions of Asia since the 1970s. Historical reports of rice crop damage dating back to the 1930s also have been speculatively attributed to the PRM in India. In the late 1990s PRM was reported in Cuba, and quickly spread throughout the Caribbean and Central America. Rice crop losses of up to 90% in the Caribbean have been attributed to the PRM since first reported. The PRM attacks rice plants by feeding on the inside of the leaf sheath and developing grains. Damage associated with PRM infestations in rice includes plant sterility, partial particle infertility, and grain malformation. However, it is difficult to characterize the damage caused solely by the PRM because the mite is commonly reported interacting with several rice plant pathogens including Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) and Burkholderia glumae (Kurita and Tabei). The purpose of this article is to review the literature regarding the PRM in response to its re-discovery in the United States. We also summarize findings from countries where the PRM has historically been a significant pest of the rice crop. This article re-examines the taxonomic ranking of the PRM and includes a key to the USA species of Steneotarsonemus, its current distribution, damage to rice plants, its association with plant pathogens, host plant records, life history, survival under extreme temperature conditions, and Current management strategies. Our hope is that this article will stimulate research on the biology and management of the PRM in the United States. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hummel, Natalie A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Castro, Boris A.] Western US Res Ctr, Fresno, CA 93706 USA. [McDonald, Eric M.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ Plant Inspect Facil, Humble, TX 77338 USA. [Pellerano, Miguel A.] Natl Bot Garden, Dept Hort, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [Ochoa, Ronald] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hummel, NA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Agr, 404 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM nhummel@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 90 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 28 IS 7 BP 547 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2009.03.011 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 459JA UT WOS:000267096800001 ER PT J AU Dighe, ND Robinson, AF Bell, AA Menz, MA Cantrell, RG Stelly, DM AF Dighe, Nilesh D. Robinson, A. Forest Bell, Alois A. Menz, Monica A. Cantrell, Roy G. Stelly, David M. TI Linkage Mapping of Resistance to Reniform Nematode in Cotton following Introgression from Gossypium longicalyx (Hutch. & Lee) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INCOGNITA RACE 3; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; HIRSUTUM L.; UPLAND COTTON; BARBADENSE L.; QTL ANALYSIS; ROOT-KNOT; GENOME; MAP; HYBRID AB Reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira) decrease U.S. production of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., 2n = 52, 2[AD](1)) by more than US$100 million yr(-1). We report here on the mapping of a gene for extreme resistance that was introgressed from the African species G. longicalyx (Hutch. & Lee, 2n = 2x = 26; 2F(1)). The responsible allele, designated Ren(Ion), was localized to chromosome 11 by first screening A-subgenome simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci for parental polymorphism and then for association with resistance. The three most strongly coupled SSRs and a G. longicalyx gene conferring green seed fuzz, designated Fzg(Ion), were screened against 984 resistant and susceptible individuals of multiple backcross generations. We used marker data and pedigrees to identify nonrecombinant heterozygous parents and thereby avoid bias from repeated sampling of a recombination event. We constructed linkage maps after progeny testing a small population (147) and after implementing three alternative approaches better suited to larger populations-marker-assisted genotyping analysis, applying a cut-off value as population-wide genotyping criterion, and genotype-selective sampling. The maps concordantly indicated the order to be Fzg(Ion)-Ren(Ion)-BNL3279_114-BNL1066_156-BNL836_215, with most Ren-proximal bilaterally flanking markers within 6 cM of each other. The results will clearly facilitate use of Ren(Ion) in breeding, additional mapping, genomics, and prospective cloning. C1 [Menz, Monica A.; Stelly, David M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Robinson, A. Forest; Bell, Alois A.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Cantrell, Roy G.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Stelly, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM stelly@tamu.edu OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1151 EP 1164 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.03.0129 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800002 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA AF Kolmer, J. A. TI Genetics of Leaf Rust Resistance in the Soft Red Winter Wheat 'Caldwell' SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; LATENT PERIOD; UNITED-STATES; REGION; GENES; YIELD AB The soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 'Caldwell' has effective resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. To determine the genetic basis of this resistance, Caldwell was crossed with the leaf rust-susceptible spring wheat 'Thatcher', and the F, plants were back-crossed to Thatcher to obtain backcross (BC) F(2) (BC(1)F(2)) families. In the seedlings, the BC(1)F(2) families segregated for a single gene to P. triticina race SBDG, which is likely Lr14a based on tests with BC(1)F(3) lines. In field tests, the BC(1)F(2) families segregated for a single gene for adult plant resistance that was independent of the seedling resistance. BC(1)F(2) adult plants were inoculated in greenhouse tests with P. triticina races BBBD and THBJ, and resistant plants were selected and advanced by single-seed descent to produce BC(1)F(4) lines. In greenhouse tests, adult plants of some of the BC(1)F(2), lines had the same low and high infection type (IT) to different P. triticina races as the Thatcher isoline with Lr12. Other BC(1)F(4) plants had intermediate IT to the P. triticina race THBJ. The BC(1)F(4) plants with the intermediate ITS were selected and tested as BC(1)F(5) adult plants in greenhouse tests and as BC(1)F(4:6) lines in field plot tests at two locations. Caldwell likely has the seedling resistance Lr14a, the adult plant gene Lr12, and an uncharacterized adult plant resistance gene that conditions an intermediate level of effective resistance in field plots. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1187 EP 1192 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.10.0598 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800005 ER PT J AU Hill, CB Kim, KS Crull, L Diers, BW Hartman, GL AF Hill, Curtis B. Kim, Ki-Seung Crull, Laura Diers, Brian W. Hartman, Glen L. TI Inheritance of Resistance to the Soybean Aphid in Soybean PI 200538 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SINGLE DOMINANT GENE; MARKERS; TOMATO; HOMOPTERA; GERMPLASM; JACKSON; BIOLOGY; MI-1.2; LOCI AB The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is a major soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] insect pest. Soybean plant introduction (PI) 200538 has strong resistance to the aphid. The objectives of our research were to determine the inheritance of resistance and to map gene(s) controlling resistance in PI 200538. F(2) populations developed from crosses between PI 200538 and three susceptible genotypes were tested for resistance and with DNA markers. F(2) plants from the cross 'Ina' x PI 200538 segregated 114 resistant to 37 susceptible and F(2) plants from the cross 'Williams 82' x PI 200538 segregated 203 resistant to 65 susceptible when tested for resistance to soybean aphid biotype 1. F(2) plants from the cross LD02-4485 x PI 200538 segregated 167 resistant to 62 susceptible when teste for resistance to biotype 2. These populations fit a 3:1 genetic ratio (P = 0.89, 0.78, and 0.52, respectively) with resistance dominant over susceptibility. Segregation among F(2:3) families from the crosses supported the dominant resistance gene hypothesis. The gene mapped to soybean linkage group F, flanked by the simple sequence repeat marker loci Satt510, Soyhsp176, Satt114, and Sct_033, located in the same region as the aphid resistance gene Rag2. Since the resistance gene in PI 200538 also gave resistance to soybean aphid biotypes 1 and 2, it is possible that the gene is Rag2 and not a new aphid resistance gene. Therefore, PI 200538 may be an additional source of Rag2. C1 [Hill, Curtis B.; Kim, Ki-Seung; Crull, Laura; Diers, Brian W.; Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hill, CB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM curthill@illinois.edu FU United Soybean Board; Illinois Soybean Association FX We thank the United Soybean Board and the Illinois Soybean Association for partial support of this research and the undergraduate students who assisted in conducting the tests in this project. NR 34 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1193 EP 1200 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0561 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800006 ER PT J AU Dhliwayo, T Pixley, K Menkir, A Warburton, M AF Dhliwayo, Thanda Pixley, Kevin Menkir, Abebe Warburton, Marilyn TI Combining Ability, Genetic Distances, and Heterosis among Elite CIMMYT and IITA Tropical Maize Inbred Lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN MAIZE; SSR MARKERS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; TEMPERATE MAIZE; GERMPLASM LINES; FORAGE TRAITS; DIVERSITY; PERFORMANCE; MIDALTITUDE; REGISTRATION AB Maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs are increasingly using molecular tools to enhance the efficiency and speed of developing productive cultivars. As a preliminary step toward using each other's germplasm, 20 elite inbred lines, 10 each from CIMMYT and IITA, were crossed according to a modified North Carolina Design and were genotyped using 62 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The design used six sets of 25 hybrids, including all combinations among groups of five lines each from CIMMYT and IITA's respective heterotic groups A and B. The 150 single-cross hybrids were evaluated in six environments in Zimbabwe and Nigeria during 2003 and 2004, with average grain yield ranging from 5.3 to 11.9 Mg ha(-1). Combining ability analysis indicated that CML444 and CML312 can contribute to the breeding program of IITA, and that TZMI702 should be useful to CIMMYT. The SSR markers identified 209 alleles with an average 3.4 alleles locus(-1) and revealed moderate genetic distances among the parent lines. Genetic distances were not significantly associated with hybrid performance, specific combining ability effects, or midparent heterosis for grain yield, but they effectively grouped the lines according to known pedigree relationships and approximately according to heterotic patterns used by CIMMYT and IITA. Although SSR-determined genetic distances were not useful to predict hybrid grain yield, they could be helpful for preliminary classification and use of exotic or poorly characterized germplasm. C1 [Pixley, Kevin] CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Dhliwayo, Thanda] Monsanto Co, Gotheuburg, NE 69138 USA. [Menkir, Abebe] IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Warburton, Marilyn] USDA ARS CHPRRU, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pixley, K (reprint author), CIMMYT, Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. EM k.pixley@cgiar.org NR 55 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1201 EP 1210 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0354 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800007 ER PT J AU Yue, B Cai, XW Vick, BA Hu, JG AF Yue, Bing Cai, Xiwen Vick, Brady A. Hu, Jinguo TI Genetic Diversity and Relationships among 177 Public Sunflower Inbred Lines Assessed by TRAP Markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L.; REGION AMPLIFICATION POLYMORPHISM; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; GERMPLASM; WILD; LETTUCE; HYBRIDS; AFLP AB This study investigated the genetic diversity and relationships among the 177 public sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) inbred lines developed and released by USDA-ARS from the 1970s to 2005 using the target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) marker technique. Twelve primer combinations generated a total of 230 polymorphic markers that could discriminate each of these lines, suggesting that TRAP is a powerful marker technique for fingerprinting sunflower inbred lines. The pairwise genetic similarity coefficients (simple matching) based on the TRAP markers ranged from 0.30 to 0.97 with a mean of 0.58, indicating that there is substantial genetic variability in this public collection. The average similarity coefficient of 41 confection inbred lines was significantly higher than that of 136 oilseed inbred lines. Cluster analysis grouped the 177 lines into two classes, oilseed (O) class and confection (C) class with only two exceptions. The O and C classes were further categorized into two groups: fertility maintainer (OB and CB) and fertility restorer groups (OR and CR). Moreover, inbred lines in the OB, OR, CR, and CB groups were placed into four, three, two, and two clusters, respectively. These results are useful to sunflower breeders and would promote the utilization of these public inbred lines. C1 [Vick, Brady A.; Hu, Jinguo] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Hu, Jinguo] USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Yue, Bing] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Yue, Bing; Cai, Xiwen] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hu, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM jinguo.hu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-21000-027-00D, 5348-21000-026-00D]; National Sclerotinia Initiative FX The authors greatly appreciate the technical assistance from Angelia Hogness, Dale Rehder, and Chia-Hao Chang, and thank Jerry Miller for providing the sunflower seeds and the pedigree data. This work was partially supported by USDA-ARS CRIS projects 5442-21000-027-00D and 5348-21000-026-00D and a competitive grant from the National Sclerotinia Initiative. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1242 EP 1249 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0471 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800012 ER PT J AU Boddhireddy, P Jannink, JL Nelson, JC AF Boddhireddy, Prashanth Jannink, Jean-Luc Nelson, James C. TI Selective Advance for Accelerated Development of Recombinant Inbred QTL Mapping Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ADVANCED INTERCROSS LINES; HETEROSTROPHUS RACE-O; SOUTHERN LEAF-BLIGHT; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; GENES; MAIZE AB Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping resolution of recombinant inbred lines (RILS) is limited by the amount of recombination they experience during development. Intercrossing during line development can be used to counter this disadvantage but requires additional generations and is difficult in self-pollinated species. It is desirable to improve mapping resolution for success of marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning. Here we propose a way of achieving this through recombination enrichment. This method is based on genotyping at each generation and advancing lines selected for high recombination and/or low heterozygosity. In simulations, the method yields lines that represent up to twice as many recombination events as RILs developed conventionally by selfing without selection, or the same amount but in three generations, without reduction in homozygosity. Compared to methods that require maintaining a large population for several generations and selecting lines only from the finished population, the method proposed here achieves up to 25% more recombination. The precision of QTL location is increased by up to 10% with negligible drop in QTL detection power at average marker intervals of 5 cM or less. C1 [Boddhireddy, Prashanth; Nelson, James C.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4024, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nelson, JC (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4024, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jcn@ksu.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DBI grant 0109879]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service-National Research Initiative-Applied Plant Genomics Program [2004-35317-14867]; Kansas Agriculture Experiment Station [08-389-J] FX We thank Virgil Wallentine, the Beocat group, and the Computer and Information Sciences Department at Kansas State Univ. for the use of the Beocat computing cluster. Support for this work has been provided by National Science Foundation NSF-DBI grant 0109879 and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service-National Research Initiative-Applied Plant Genomics Program grant 2004-35317-14867 entitled "RiceCAP: A coordinated research, education, and extension project for the application of genomic discoveries to improve rice in the United States." This is contribution 08-389-J from the Kansas Agriculture Experiment Station. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1284 EP 1294 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0368 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800017 ER PT J AU Anderson, WF Gates, RN Hanna, WW Blount, AR Mislevy, P Evers, G AF Anderson, William F. Gates, Roger N. Hanna, Wayne W. Blount, Ann R. Mislevy, Paul Evers, Gerald TI Recurrent Restricted Phenotypic Selection for Improving Stand Establishment of Bahiagrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TIFTON 9 BAHIAGRASS; PENSACOLA BAHIAGRASS; MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; GERMINATION RATE; BLUE PANICGRASS; PEANUT; COTTON; MANAGEMENT; ROTATIONS; DORMANCY AB Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is an important perennial forage grass for the southeastern United States, being well adapted to conditions such as sandy or poorly drained soils, drought, and heavy continuous grazing. Current bahiagrass cultivars germinate over an extended period of time and the slow emergence produces incomplete stands, allowing weeds to compete and delaying grazing or first cutting for hay. A recurrent restricted phenotypic selection (RRPS) program began in 1996 and continued for four cycles for improving the emergence and establishment rates within Tifton 9 bahiagrass ('Pensacola' type). The resulting cycle-4 (C4) rapid-emergence 'TifQuik' was then increased and tested for seedling emergence, vigor, and establishment. TifQuik had a fourfold improvement of emergence compared to Tifton 9 after 1 wk in greenhouse trials. Emergence rates after 1 and 2 wk were significantly greater for TifQuik compared to Tifton 9 in replicated field trials. Plant heights after 3 wk from planting were 0.12 m for TifQuik versus 0.08 m for Tifton 9. The first harvest dry-matter yield of TifQuik was 3128 kg ha(-1) compared with 1539 kg ha(-1) for Tifton 9 and the total establishment year dry-matter yields were 9230 kg ha(-1) and 7466 kg ha(-1) for TifQuik and Tifton 9, respectively. TifQuik had greater first-clipping yields than Tifton 9 at Ona, FL, in 2005. The accelerated emergence and establishment of TifQuik will be useful in sod-based rotation systems with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). C1 [Anderson, William F.; Gates, Roger N.; Hanna, Wayne W.; Blount, Ann R.; Mislevy, Paul; Evers, Gerald] USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Exp Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Gates, Roger N.] S Dakota State Univ, Rapid City, SD USA. [Hanna, Wayne W.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. [Blount, Ann R.] Univ Florida, Marianna, FL USA. [Mislevy, Paul] Univ Florida, Ona, FL USA. [Evers, Gerald] Texas A&M Univ, Overton, TX USA. RP Anderson, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Exp Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM bill.anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1322 EP 1327 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0556 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800021 ER PT J AU Anderson, WF Maas, A Ozias-Akins, P AF Anderson, William F. Maas, Andrea Ozias-Akins, Peggy TI Genetic Variability of a Forage Bermudagrass Core Collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; FLAVONOID FINGERPRINTS; CYNODON ACCESSIONS; AFLP MARKERS; REGISTRATION; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; INFERENCE; SPP.; GERMPLASM AB Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) is an important warm-season forage grass for the South and may have value as a bioenergy feedstock. The objective of this study was to measure the genetic relatedness among entries of the Cynodon clonal forage bermudagrass core collection and seven commercial forage cultivars using plant phenotype and molecular marker data from amplified fragment length polymorphisms. The collection was assessed for 22 phenotypic traits, including forage quality, plant architecture, growth habit, and ploidy level. Phenotypic variability was preserved in the forage bermudagrass core collection constructed based on 21 phenotypic traits and ploidy levels. The majority of molecular marker polymorphism observed was within phenotypic clusters (89.6%) and within the five ploidy levels (94%), and STRUCTURE analysis indicated significant admixture. Overall, the combined genetic and phenotypic variability found within the bermudagrass core collection will aid in selection of parental crosses for mapping and potential quantitative trait loci discovery and to identify parental lines that may yield greater genetic gain in breeding for important traits. C1 [Anderson, William F.; Maas, Andrea] USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Ozias-Akins, Peggy] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Anderson, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM bill.anderson@ars.usda.gov OI Ozias-Akins, Peggy/0000-0002-8864-2766 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1347 EP 1358 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0330 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800024 ER PT J AU Peel, MD Waldron, BL Mott, IW AF Peel, Michael D. Waldron, Blair L. Mott, Ivan W. TI Ploidy Determination and Agronomic Characterization of Small Burnet Germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-DNA AMOUNTS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; ANGIOSPERMS; SIZE; LEAF AB Small burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop.) is an evergreen forb readily utilized by livestock and wildlife that lacks persistence under heavy grazing. Our objective was to characterize all available National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) small burnet germplasm for ploidy level and agronomic characteristics before initiating a breeding program. Ploidy level was determined by flow cytometry. Forage yield, flowering date, mortality, growth habit, and leafiness were determined at two locations in Utah. Of the materials tested 68% were tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28) and 32% octaploids (2n = 8x = 56). Significant variation was observed for all traits. Mean forage yield of the small burnet was 1.45 Mg ha(-1), ranging from not measurable to 2.96 Mg ha(-1) compared to Laclak alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at 2.28 mg ha(-1). Flowering date varied among accessions by 12 d while mortality ranged from 0 to 100%. Variation was displayed in growth habit, including prostrate and upright forms, and leafiness. The range among accessions was similar within the two ploidy levels for all traits except flowering date which was 2 d earlier in the octaploids. It was shown that tetraploids and octaploids are present in roughly a 2:1 ratio in the NPGS small burnet germplasm. The forage production of some small burnet accessions can be comparable to alfalfa, and phenotypic variation is such that the germplasm has potential for improvement through recurrent selection. C1 [Peel, Michael D.; Waldron, Blair L.; Mott, Ivan W.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Peel, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 695 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM Mike.Peel@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1359 EP 1366 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0536 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800025 ER PT J AU Spooner, DM Jansky, SH Simon, R AF Spooner, David M. Jansky, Shelley H. Simon, Reinhard TI Tests of Taxonomic and Biogeographic Predictivity: Resistance to Disease and Insect Pests in Wild Relatives of Cultivated Potato SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BEETLE LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; EX-SITU COLLECTIONS; GENETIC-VARIATION; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; GERMPLASM COLLECTION; REGIONAL-VARIATION; CROP GERMPLASM; SECT PETOTA; POPULATIONS; RAPD AB A major justification for taxonomic and biogeographic research is its assumed ability to predict the presence of traits in a group for which the trait has been observed in only a representative subset of the group. Such predictors are regularly used by breeders interested in choosing potential sources of disease and pest resistant germplasm for cultivar improvement, by genebank managers to organize the collection, and by germplasm collectors planning to gather maximum diversity. The present study tests taxonomic and biogeographic associations with 10,738 disease and pest evaluations, derived from the literature and genebank records, of 32 pest and diseases in five classes of organisms (bacteria, fungi, insects, nematodes, and virus). The data show that ratings for only Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)] and one pathogen (Potato M Carlavirus) are reliably predicted both by host taxonomy and climatic variables. While it is logical to initially take both taxonomy and geographic origin into account while screening genebank materials for pest and disease resistances, such associations will hold for only for a small subset of resistance traits. Based on these results, a more effective strategy than taxonomic and biogeographic prediction is probably careful screening of core collections. C1 [Spooner, David M.; Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, Reinhard] Int Potato Ctr, Lima 12, Peru. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov OI Simon, Reinhard/0000-0002-4608-9077 FU USDA; CIP; NSF [DEB 0316614] FX We thank the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System Horticultural Evaluation Grants program for funding, Sarah Stephenson for technical assistance, Felipe de Mendiburu for revision of statistical methods, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This research was supported by the USDA, CIP, and by NSF DEB 0316614 to David Spooner. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1367 EP 1376 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.04.0211 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800026 ER PT J AU Jenderek, MM Hannan, RM AF Jenderek, Maria M. Hannan, Richard M. TI Diversity in Seed Production Characteristics within the USDA-ARS Limnanthes alba Germplasm Collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRIAL OILS; MEADOWFOAM; SEARCH; PLANT; CROP AB Meadowfoam (L. alba) seeds are a source of long-chain fatty acids which are stable under diverse conditions. The fatty-acid composition makes this seed oil valuable for use in cosmetics, lubricants, rubber additives, and plastics. While a few meadowfoam cultivars have been developed, high-yielding germplasm is required for further crop improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential seed production and associated morphological and phenological characteristics of 24 L. alba germplasm accessions maintained by the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. The average seed yield varied from 39.3 to 221.3 g plot(-1) and was significantly different among years in this evaluation. The average number of seeds floret(-1) under pollination by naturally occurring insects was similar to the number of seeds developed without presence of pollinators. The number of days from sowing to first 10 and 50% bloom, as well as to the first and last seed maturity, varied significantly among years and accessions. Seed yield was positively correlated with 100-seed weight, the interval between first 10 and 50% bloom, and longest seed-bearing stem. The number of seeds floret(-1) was not significantly correlated with seed yield. Significant interaction between accessions and years was observed for number of seeds floret(-1) developed without insect pollinators, the interval between first 10 and 50% bloom, longest seed-bearing stem, number of days from sowing to first and last harvest, and harvest spread. Some germplasm accessions evaluated in this study had a higher seed yield than yields reported in the literature and exhibited advantageous characteristics applicable in meadowfoam improvement. C1 [Jenderek, Maria M.] USDA ARS, Natl Arid Land Plant Genet Resource Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Hannan, Richard M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jenderek, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM maria.jenderek@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1387 EP 1394 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0571 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800028 ER PT J AU Kelley, AM Johnson, PG Waldron, BL Peel, MD AF Kelley, Alicia Michelle Johnson, Paul G. Waldron, Blair L. Peel, Michael D. TI A Survey of Apomixis and Ploidy Levels among Poa L. (Poaceae) Using Flow Cytometry SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS; GENOME SIZE; POPULATION; PRATENSIS; GRASSES; NUCLEAR AB Poa is a complex genus taxonomically and genetically. As a result, relatively little information exists for this economically important genus with regards to reproductive mode and variability in chromosome number. We examined apomixis frequency and ploidy levels in 83 Poa accessions representing 33 species from the National Plant Germplasm System using flow cytometric techniques. In reproductive mode analysis, we analyzed at least three preparations of 50 seeds each from the accessions. In ploidy level analysis, at least three plants of each accession were analyzed. Sixty percent of the species had at least one apomictic or facultative apomictic accession; 40% were sexual. Thirty-three percent of the species had no sexual accessions. Autonomous apomixis was newly identified in P. bactriana and P. bulbosa in addition to it being previously reported in P. nervosa. Poa annua and P. trivialis were identified as obligate sexual, and P. nervosa as obligate apomictic. Two of four P. palustris accessions exhibited facultative apomixis. Ploidy levels among sexually reproducing Poa accessions ranged from 2n = 2x = 14 to 2n = 12x = 84, with most accessions between 2n = 3x = 21 to 2n = 8x = 56. Among apomictic accessions, ploidy levels ranged from 2n = 3x = 21 to 2n = 10x = 70, with most between 2n = 4x = 28 and 2n = 10x = 70. These results emphasize the wide variability in Poa, both among and within species. C1 [Johnson, Paul G.] Utah State Univ, Dep Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Waldron, Blair L.; Peel, Michael D.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Johnson, PG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dep Plants Soils & Climate, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM paul.johnson@usu.edu NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 22 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1395 EP 1402 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0553 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800029 ER PT J AU Warburton, ML Brooks, TD Krakowsky, MD Shan, XY Windham, GL Williams, WP AF Warburton, Marilyn L. Brooks, Thomas. D. Krakowsky, Matthew D. Shan, Xueyan Windham, Gary L. Williams, W. Paul TI Identification and Mapping of New Sources of Resistance to Aflatoxin Accumulation in Maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS EAR ROT; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; KERNEL INFECTION; GERMPLASM LINE; FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION; INOCULATION TECHNIQUES; CORN GENOTYPES; REGISTRATION; HYBRIDS; FLAVUS AB Maize (Zea mays L.) susceptibility to ear rot and aflatoxin accumulation by Aspergillus flavus (Link:Fr) has caused significant economic losses for farmers in the U.S. over the past 30 years. Aflatoxin outbreaks are generally associated with high temperatures and low moisture levels common to the southern U.S. To identify aflatoxin accumulation resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) and linked markers for marker-assisted breeding (MAB), a genetic mapping population of F(2:3) family genotypes, increased by sib-mating, was developed from Mp717, a maize inbred resistant to aflatoxin accumulation, and NC300, a southern-adapted inbred with low levels of resistance and desirable agronomic traits. Replicated trials of the mapping population were subjected to A. flavus inoculation in Tifton, GA and Starkville, MS in 2004 and 2005. Quantitative trait loci on all chromosomes, except chromosomes 4, 6, and 9, were identified, and individual QTL explained from less than 1% to a maximum of 11% of the phenotypic variance in aflatoxin accumulation in grain. Both Mp717 and NC300 were found to contribute resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in the F(2:3) families and overall QTL effects differed because of environmental conditions. Many of these loci were distinct from previously identified QTL, which confirmed Mp717 as a novel source of aflatoxin resistance. C1 [Warburton, Marilyn L.; Windham, Gary L.; Williams, W. Paul] USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Brooks, Thomas. D.] W Gaines Seed & Delinting Inc, Seminole, TX 79360 USA. [Krakowsky, Matthew D.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Shan, Xueyan] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Warburton, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM marilyn.warburton@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1403 EP 1408 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.12.0696 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800030 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Coblentz, WK AF Grabber, J. H. Coblentz, W. K. TI Polyphenol, Conditioning, and Conservation Effects on Protein Fractions and Degradability in Forage Legumes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; RED-CLOVER SILAGE; IN-SITU; CONDENSED TANNINS; ALFALFA HAY; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; ENSILED ALFALFA; AMINO-ACIDS; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; DETERGENT FIBER AB Forage legume proteins were fractionated by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System or ruminally incubated to assess how conditioning and conservation methods interact with polyphenols (condensed tannins or o-quinones) to alter protein degradability. The presence of polyphenols, conditioning by maceration rather than rolls, and conservation as hay rather than silage shifted protein fractions from buffer-soluble to detergent-extractable forms. Rumen undegradable protein (RUP) calculated from protein fractions for roll-conditioned hays averaged 281 g kg(-1) for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), 309 g kg(-1) for high-tannin birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), and 352 g kg(-1) for o-quinone-containing red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Roll-conditioned silages had lower RUP, averaging 132 g kg(-1) for alfalfa, 161 g kg(-1) for high-tannin trefoil, and 241 g kg(-1) for clover. Maceration increased calculated RUP by 67 to 124 g kg(-1); responses were greatest in clover and high-tannin trefoil. Rumen in situ residual protein (RP) was comparable to calculated RUP for silage, but similar to 75 g kg(-1) higher for hay. Hay RP also indicated a greater impact of tannins and a smaller impact of maceration on protein degradability. Discrepancies between calculated RUP, in situ RP, and previous protease RUP estimates indicate that routine methods for estimating RUP must be refined so that polyphenol-containing forages can be properly characterized for feeding to ruminant livestock. C1 [Grabber, J. H.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Coblentz, W. K.] USDA ARS, Inst Environm Integrated Dairy Management, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Grabber, JH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM john.grabber@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems [00-52103-9658] FX The authors are indebted to Christy Davidson, Lee Massingill, Robin Ogden, Mary Becker, and David Mertens for valuable technical assistance. Debra Palmquist and Michael Casler graciously provided help with statistical analyses. Nancy Ehlke, Sam Stratton, Richard Smith, and Jim Moutray are thanked for providing forage legume seed. Funding was partially provided by the USDA-CSREES Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems, grant no. 00-52103-9658. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1511 EP 1522 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.05.0298 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800044 ER PT J AU Tracy, BF Davis, AS AF Tracy, Benjamin F. Davis, Adam S. TI Weed Biomass and Species Composition as Affected by an Integrated Crop-Livestock System SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPOSTED SWINE MANURE; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-PLAINS; COVER CROPS; CORN-BELT; DYNAMICS; TILLAGE; SOIL AB Crop and livestock production are rarely integrated together in modern farming systems. Reintegrating crops with livestock production has been shown to produce many agronomic and environmental benefits. The objective of this study was to evaluate how an integrated crop-livestock system would influence weed biomass and weed species composition compared with a conventional, continuous corn (Zea mays L.) cropping system. The experimental farming system used in this study was established on a 90-ha site near Pana, IL, in 2002. The integrated system included two phases: (i) a corn and oat (Avena sativa L.) cash crop rotation, grown in summer, and (ii) post-harvest grazing of corn stover with annual cover crops. Over a 4-yr period (2004-2007), weed biomass was approximately 4.5 times higher in the conventional system (8.4 g m(-2)) compared with the integrated system (1.8 g m(-2)). Weed species composition was affected by the integrated system and showed a temporal disjunction between the time of year and weed life history. Surprisingly, cattle grazing on cropland had little effect on weed biomass or species composition. The primary drivers that suppress weed biomass and change species composition appear to be use of crop rotation and annual cover crops within the integrated system. Wider adoption of integrated crop-livestock systems, such as the one used in this study, should reduce reliance on herbicides compared with more conventional cropping systems. C1 [Tracy, Benjamin F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Davis, Adam S.] USDA ARS, Invis Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Tracy, BF (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM bftracy@vt.edu FU University of Illinois, Dudley Smith Initiative FX Dr. Ian Renne and Erin Haramoto assisted with field work and sample collection. This work was partially supported by the University of Illinois, Dudley Smith Initiative. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1523 EP 1530 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0488 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472DQ UT WOS:000268109800045 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Bonnart, R Waddell, J Widrlechner, MP AF Volk, G. M. Bonnart, R. Waddell, J. Widrlechner, M. P. TI CRYOPRESERVATION OF DORMANT BUDS FROM DIVERSE Fraxinus SPECIES SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE ash; genetic resources; genebank; Fraxinus pennsylvanica; Fraxinus mandshurica; Fraxinus chinensis ID EMERALD ASH BORER; APPLE BUDS; BUPRESTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; OLEACEAE AB Ash (Fraxinus) is an economically important tree genus in the landscape industry, as well as a key component of North American forests, especially in the North Central United States and adjacent regions in Canada. In recent years, the Emerald Ash Borer beetle (Agrilus planipennis) has significantly threatened the survival of native North American Fraxinus species. A dormant-bud cryopreservation technique has been developed as a method to conserve specific clones of ash. Dormant buds of three ash species were successfully cryopreserved when desiccated on their stem sections to 30% moisture content (w/v) and then cooled at rates of either -1 degrees C/h or -5 degrees C/day to either -30 or -35 degrees C before immersion in liquid nitrogen vapor (LNV). Stem sections were removed from LNV, warmed, and rehydrated, and their buds grafted onto rootstocks to evaluate survival. Recovery percentages ranged from 34 to 100% after LNV exposure and were dependent upon accession and cooling rate. The cryopreservation methods proposed herein can complement seed-collection efforts aimed at conserving diversity, supplementing ex situ genebank and botanic-garden collections. C1 [Volk, G. M.; Bonnart, R.; Waddell, J.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Widrlechner, M. P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 BP 262 EP 267 PG 6 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 496VZ UT WOS:000270009100003 PM 19789823 ER PT J AU Williams, JN Seo, CW Thorne, J Nelson, JK Erwin, S O'Brien, JM Schwartz, MW AF Williams, John N. Seo, Changwan Thorne, James Nelson, Julie K. Erwin, Susan O'Brien, Joshua M. Schwartz, Mark W. TI Using species distribution models to predict new occurrences for rare plants SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Edaphic specialist; endemism; Maxent; random forests; rarity; serpentine ID BIRD HABITAT SUITABILITY; PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SAMPLE-SIZE; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; RANDOM FORESTS; CLASSIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE AB Aim To evaluate a suite of species distribution models for their utility as predictors of suitable habitat and as tools for new population discovery of six rare plant species that have both narrow geographical ranges and specialized habitat requirements. Location The Rattlesnake Creek Terrane (RCT) of the Shasta-Trinity National Forest in the northern California Coast Range of the United States. Methods We used occurrence records from 25 years of US Forest Service botanical surveys, environmental and remotely sensed climate data to model the distributions of the target species across the RCT. The models included generalized linear models (GLM), artificial neural networks (ANN), random forests (RF) and maximum entropy (ME). From the results we generated predictive maps that were used to identify areas of high probability occurrence. We made field visits to the top-ranked sites to search for new populations of the target species. Results Random forests gave the best results according to area under the curve and Kappa statistics, although ME was in close agreement. While GLM and ANN also gave good results, they were less restrictive and more varied than RF and ME. Cross-model correlations were the highest for species with the most records and declined with record numbers. Model assessment using a separate dataset confirmed that RF provided the best predictions of appropriate habitat. Use of RF output to prioritize search areas resulted in the discovery of 16 new populations of the target species. Main conclusions Species distribution models, such as RF and ME, which use presence data and information about the background matrix where species do not occur, may be an effective tool for new population discovery of rare plant species, but there does appear to be a lower threshold in the number of occurrences required to build a good model. C1 [Williams, John N.; Schwartz, Mark W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Seo, Changwan] Univ Seoul, Seoul 130743, South Korea. [Thorne, James] Univ Calif Davis, Environm Informat Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Nelson, Julie K.; Erwin, Susan] US Forest Serv, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [O'Brien, Joshua M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vet Med & Epidemiol, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Williams, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jnwill@ucdavis.edu RI Schwartz, Mark/G-1066-2011 OI Schwartz, Mark/0000-0002-3739-6542 FU USDA Forest Service FX The study was funded by the USDA Forest Service. NR 75 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 8 U2 103 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 565 EP 576 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00567.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 456TR UT WOS:000266874700003 ER PT J AU Yang, CCS Shoemaker, DD Wu, JC Lin, YK Lin, CC Wu, WJ Shih, CJ AF Yang, Chin-Cheng Scotty Shoemaker, D. DeWayne Wu, Jo-Chao Lin, Yi-Kai Lin, Chung-Chi Wu, Wen-Jer Shih, Cheng-Jen TI Successful establishment of the invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta in Taiwan: insights into interactions of alternate social forms SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; fire ant; monogyne; polygyne; social organization; Solenopsis invicta ID SEX DETERMINATION; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; BUREN HYMENOPTERA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION-GENETICS; COLONY-STRUCTURE; ARGENTINE ANT; MULTIPLEX PCR; GP-9 ALLELES AB Aim Understanding the factors underlying the successful establishment of invasive ant species is critical for developing quarantine strategies to prevent additional invasions as well as for determining how such species overcome the selective pressures in invaded areas. Although several studies have revealed differences in the social organization and population genetics of invasive ants in their native and introduced ranges, few studies have considered the potential interactions between alternate social forms within newly-invaded areas simply because many invasive ants are characterized as polygyne or unicolonial. Location Taoyuan and Chiayi County, Taiwan. Methods Both social forms (polygyne and monogyne) of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, occur in two separately invaded areas in Taiwan (Taoyuan and Chiayi). We employed intensive sampling methods and diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assays to determine the distribution of these two social forms in both infested areas in Taiwan. Results The distribution of social forms differs dramatically between the two infested areas, consistent with different invasion histories regarding the original make-up of individuals comprising the initial founder group. The Taoyuan population likely was colonized initially by ants of both social forms, with the subsequent spread characterized by continuous outward movement of the two forms, particularly the monogyne form. In contrast, the initial founders of the Chiayi population likely were of the polygyne social form only, suggesting the monogyne social form in this population appeared only recently and likely arose directly from polygyne queens converting to the alternate social form. Main conclusions Our results provide detailed insights into the invasion history of S. invicta in Taiwan and suggest that the distinct reproductive biology of the two social forms may have shaped the current distribution of S. invicta in these infested areas and that the dynamics of two forms may affect the long-term persistence and potential for spread of this pest ant species. C1 [Yang, Chin-Cheng Scotty; Wu, Jo-Chao; Lin, Yi-Kai; Wu, Wen-Jer; Shih, Cheng-Jen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Shoemaker, D. DeWayne] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Lin, Chung-Chi] Natl Changhua Univ Educ, Dept Biol, Changhua 500, Taiwan. RP Shih, CJ (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, 1 Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM shihcj@ntu.edu.tw FU Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection; Quarantine, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan FX The research is financially supported in part by grants from the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan. NR 78 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 709 EP 719 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00577.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 456TR UT WOS:000266874700016 ER PT J AU Zhang, GH Tang, MK Zhang, XC AF Zhang, Guang-hui Tang, Ming-ke Zhang, X. C. TI Temporal variation in soil detachment under different land uses in the Loess Plateau of China SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; detachment rate; temporal variation; the Loess Plateau ID CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION; RILL EROSION; SHALLOW FLOW; ERODIBILITY; RESISTANCE; WATER; TOPSOILS; TILLAGE; ROOTS; MODEL AB Measurements of temporal variations in soil detachability under different land uses are badly needed to develop new algorithms or evaluate the existing ones for temporal adjustment of soil detachability in continuous soil erosion models. Few studies have been conducted in the Loess Plateau to quantify temporal variations in detachment rate of runoff under different land uses. The objectives of this study were to investigate the temporal variations of soil detachment rate under different land uses and to further identify the potential factors causing the change in detachment rate in the Loess Plateau. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the fields of arable land (millet, soybean, corn, and potato), grassland, shrub land, wasteland, and woodland and tested in a laboratory flume under a constant hydraulic condition. The measurements started in mid-April and ended in early October, 2006. The results showed that soil detachment rate of each land use fluctuated considerably over time. Distinctive temporal variation in detachment rate was found throughout the summer growing season of measurement in each land use. The maximum detachment rates of different land uses varied from 0.019 to 0.490 kg m(-2) s(-1) and the minimum detachment rates ranged from 0.004 to 0.092 kg m(-2) s(-1). Statistical analysis using a paired-samples t-test indicated that variations in soil detachment rate differed significantly at the 0.05 level between land uses in most cases. The major factors responsible for the temporal variation of soil detachment were tillage operations (such as planting, ploughing, weeding, harvesting), soil consolidation, and root growth. The influence of tillage operations on soil detachment depended on the degree of soil disturbance caused by the operations. The consolidation of the topsoil over time after tillage was reflected by increases in soil bulk density and soil cohesion. As soil bulk density and cohesion increased, detachment rate decreased. The impact of root density was inconclusive in this study. Further studies are needed to quantify the effects of root density on temporal variations of soil detachment. This work provides useful information for developing temporal adjustments to soil detachment rate in continuous soil erosion models in the Loess Plateau. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Guang-hui; Tang, Ming-ke] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Guang-hui] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X. C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Zhang, GH (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn RI li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012 FU National Key Basic Research Special Foundation [2007CB407204]; National Key Technologies RD Program [2006BA09B05] FX Financial assistance for this work was provided by the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation Project (2007CB407204) and the National Key Technologies R&D Program (2006BA09B05). We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 30 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1302 EP 1309 DI 10.1002/esp.1827 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 472GH UT WOS:000268117800010 ER PT J AU Littell, JS McKenzie, D Peterson, DL Westerling, AL AF Littell, Jeremy S. McKenzie, Donald Peterson, David L. Westerling, Anthony L. TI Climate and wildfire area burned in western U. S. ecoprovinces, 1916-2003 SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE adaptation; antecedent climate; climate; climate change; drought; ecoprovinces; ecosystem management; fire; forest; fuels; gamma distribution; resilience ID HISTORICAL FIRE REGIMES; UNITED-STATES; BOREAL FORESTS; ANTECEDENT CLIMATE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WILDLAND FIRE; SUPPRESSION; USA; CANADA; OSCILLATION AB The purpose of this paper is to quantify climatic controls on the area burned by. re in different vegetation types in the western United States. We demonstrate that wild. re area burned (WFAB) in the American West was controlled by climate during the 20th century (1916-2003). Persistent ecosystem-specific correlations between climate and WFAB are grouped by vegetation type (ecoprovinces). Most mountainous ecoprovinces exhibit strong year-of-fire relationships with low precipitation, low Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), and high temperature. Grass-and shrub-dominated ecoprovinces had positive relationships with antecedent precipitation or PDSI. For 1977-2003, a few climate variables explain 33-87% (mean = 64%) of WFAB, indicating strong linkages between climate and area burned. For 1916-2003, the relationships are weaker, but climate explained 25-57% (mean = 39%) of the variability. The variance in WFAB is proportional to the mean squared for different data sets at different spatial scales. The importance of antecedent climate (summer drought in forested ecosystems and antecedent winter precipitation in shrub and grassland ecosystems) indicates that the mechanism behind the observed. re-climate relationships is climatic preconditioning of large areas of low fuel moisture via drying of existing fuels or fuel production and drying. The impacts of climate change on. re regimes will therefore vary with the relative energy or water limitations of ecosystems. Ecoprovinces proved a useful compromise between ecologically imprecise state-level and localized gridded fire data. The differences in climate . re relationships among the ecoprovinces underscore the need to consider ecological context (vegetation, fuels, and seasonal climate) to identify specific climate drivers of WFAB. Despite the possible influence of. re suppression, exclusion, and fuel treatment, WFAB is still substantially controlled by climate. The implications for planning and management are that future WFAB and adaptation to climate change will likely depend on ecosystem-specific, seasonal variation in climate. In fuel-limited ecosystems, fuel treatments can probably mitigate. re vulnerability and increase resilience more readily than in climate-limited ecosystems, in which large severe. res under extreme weather conditions will continue to account for most area burned. C1 [Littell, Jeremy S.; McKenzie, Donald] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Littell, Jeremy S.; McKenzie, Donald] Univ Washington, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Littell, Jeremy S.] Univ Washington, Fire & Mt Ecol Lab, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McKenzie, Donald; Peterson, David L.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Westerling, Anthony L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Littell, JS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Climate Impacts Grp, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlittell@u.washington.edu FU NOAA OGP; Western Mountain Initiative; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO); NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1232] FX We thank Steve McKay and Janice Peterson (USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station) for compiling the original 1916-2003 state-level area-burned data. Tom Swetnam provided advice in the early stages of analysis, and Nate Mantua, Jim Agee, Linda Brubaker, and Crystal Raymond provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. A. Westerling was supported by NOAA OGP during the work. This publication was supported by the Western Mountain Initiative and partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement Number NA17RJ1232, Contribution number 1400. NR 73 TC 347 Z9 348 U1 18 U2 156 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1021 DI 10.1890/07-1183.1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448SD UT WOS:000266281400015 PM 19544740 ER PT J AU Russell, AE Cambardella, CA Laird, DA Jaynes, DB Meek, DW AF Russell, Ann E. Cambardella, Cynthia A. Laird, David A. Jaynes, Dan B. Meek, David W. TI Nitrogen fertilizer effects on soil carbon balances in Midwestern US agricultural systems SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE agroecosystems; carbon mineralization; corn, oats, alfalfa, and soybean crop rotations; Midwestern US corn-soybean ecosystem; Nashua and Kanawha sites, Iowa, USA; net primary production; nitrogen fertilization; root production; soil carbon sequestration ID CROPPING SYSTEM; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEQUESTRATION; TILLAGE; STORAGE; ROOT; DECOMPOSITION; CROPLANDS; TURNOVER; RESIDUE AB A single ecosystem dominates the Midwestern United States, occupying 26 million hectares in five states alone: the corn-soybean agroecosystem [Zea mays L.-Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Nitrogen (N) fertilization could influence the soil carbon (C) balance in this system because the corn phase is fertilized in 97-100% of farms, at an average rate of 135 kg N.ha(-1).yr(-1). We evaluated the impacts on two major processes that determine the soil C balance, the rates of organic-carbon (OC) inputs and decay, at four levels of N fertilization, 0, 90, 180, and 270 kg/ha, in two long-term experimental sites in Mollisols in Iowa, USA. We compared the corn-soybean system with other experimental cropping systems fertilized with N in the corn phases only: continuous corn for grain; corn-corn-oats (Avena sativa L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.; corn-oats-alfalfa-alfalfa; and continuous soybean. In all systems, we estimated long-term OC inputs and decay rates over all phases of the rotations, based on long-term yield data, harvest indices (HI), and root : shoot data. For corn, we measured these two ratios in the four N treatments in a single year in each site; for other crops we used published ratios. Total OC inputs were calculated as aboveground plus belowground net primary production (NPP) minus harvested yield. For corn, measured total OC inputs increased with N fertilization (P < 0.05, both sites). Belowground NPP, comprising only 6-22% of total corn NPP, was not significantly influenced by N fertilization. When all phases of the crop rotations were evaluated over the long term, OC decay rates increased concomitantly with OC input rates in several systems. Increases in decay rates with N fertilization apparently offset gains in carbon inputs to the soil in such a way that soil C sequestration was virtually nil in 78% of the systems studied, despite up to 48 years of N additions. The quantity of belowground OC inputs was the best predictor of long-term soil C storage. This indicates that, in these systems, in comparison with increased N-fertilizer additions, selection of crops with high belowground NPP is a more effective management practice for increasing soil C sequestration. C1 [Russell, Ann E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cambardella, Cynthia A.; Laird, David A.; Jaynes, Dan B.; Meek, David W.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Russell, AE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM arussell@iastate.edu RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 FU USDA; CREES; National Science Foundation FX The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests. NR 56 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1102 EP 1113 DI 10.1890/07-1919.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 458KW UT WOS:000267020200003 PM 19688919 ER PT J AU Kauffman, JB Hughes, RF Heider, C AF Kauffman, J. Boone Hughes, R. Flint Heider, Chris TI Carbon pool and biomass dynamics associated with deforestation, land use, and agricultural abandonment in the neotropics SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE C storage potential of secondary forests; carbon sequestration; clean development mechanism (CDM); ecosystem C-pool quantification; fire ecology; land-use/land-cover change; nutrient pools; pastures; REDD strategies; secondary forests; tropical forests; sources and sinks of atmospheric C ID TROPICAL DRY FOREST; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; EASTERN AMAZONIA; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; RAIN-FOREST; PASTURE CONVERSION; SECONDARY FORESTS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ORGANIC-CARBON AB Current rates of deforestation and the resulting C emissions in the tropics exceed those of secondary forest regrowth and C sequestration. Changing land-use strategies that would maintain standing forests may be among the least expensive of climate change mitigation options. Further, secondary tropical forests have been suggested to have great value for their potential to sequester atmospheric C. These options require an understanding of and capability to quantify C dynamics at landscape scales. Because of the diversity of physical and biotic features of tropical forests as well as approaches and intensities of land uses within the neotropics, there are tremendous differences in the capacity of different landscapes to store and sequester C. Major gaps in our current knowledge include quanti. cation of C pools, rates and patterns of biomass loss following land-cover change, and quanti. cation of the C storage potential of secondary forests following abandonment. In this paper we present a synthesis and further analyses from recent studies that describe C pools, patterns of C decline associated with land use, and rates of C accumulation following secondary-forest establishment-all information necessary for climate-change mitigation options. Ecosystem C pools of Neotropical primary forests minimally range from similar to 141 to 571 Mg/ha, demonstrating tremendous differences in the capacity of different forests to store C. Most of the losses in C and nutrient pools associated with conversion occur when. res are set to remove the slashed forest to prepare sites for crop or pasture establishment. Fires burning slashed primary forests have been found to result in C losses of 62-80% of prefire aboveground pools in dry (deciduous) forest landscapes and 29-57% in wet (evergreen) forest landscapes. Carbon emissions equivalent to the aboveground primary-forest pool arise from repeated. res occurring in the first 4 to 10 years following conversion. Feedbacks of climate change, land-cover change, and increasing habitat fragmentation may result in increases of both the area burned and the total quantity of biomass consumed per unit area by. re. These effects may well limit the capacity for future tropical forests to sequester C and nutrients. C1 [Kauffman, J. Boone; Hughes, R. Flint] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Heider, Chris] Watershed Profess Network WPN, Philomath, OR 97370 USA. RP Kauffman, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM boonekauffman@fs.fed.us FU NSF-MMIA [BCS-9980276-A] FX Funds for the preparation of this manuscript came from the NSF-MMIA grant BCS-9980276-A Supply Function and Clean Development Mechanism Rules for Tropical Forest Carbon Sinks. Dian L. Cummings played an instrumental role in the field collections in Brazil and Mexico and was responsible for practically all laboratory analyses of for this paper. The authors are particularly grateful to the numerous subsistence farmers and Ejiditarios who helped us to conduct research on their lands while generously providing valuable information on their rationale and approaches to land use. NR 58 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 7 U2 63 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1211 EP 1222 DI 10.1890/08-1696.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 458KW UT WOS:000267020200012 PM 19688928 ER PT J AU Floyd, ML Clifford, M Cobb, NS Hanna, D Delph, R Ford, P Turner, D AF Floyd, M. Lisa Clifford, Michael Cobb, Neil S. Hanna, Dustin Delph, Robert Ford, Paulette Turner, Dave TI Relationship of stand characteristics to drought-induced mortality in three Southwestern pinon-juniper woodlands SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; density-dependent mortality; drought stress; Ips confusus; Juniperus monosperma; Juniperus osteosperma; pinon-juniper woodlands; Pinus edulis; pinyon ips; Southwest USA ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; RESTORATION; COLORADO; IMPACTS; WESTERN; PINE; MESA; FIRE AB Extreme drought conditions accompanied by rising temperatures have characterized the American Southwest during the past decade, causing widespread tree mortality in pinon-juniper woodlands. Pinon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) mortality is linked primarily to outbreaks of the pinyon ips (Ips confusus (Leconte)) precipitated by drought conditions. Although we searched extensively, no biotic agent was identified as responsible for death in Juniperus L. spp. in this study; hence this mortality was due to direct drought stress. Here we examine the relationship between tree abundance and patterns of mortality in three size classes (seedling/sapling, pre-reproductive, reproductive) during the recent extended drought in three regions: southwest Colorado, northern New Mexico, and northern Arizona. Pinon mortality varied from 32% to 65%, and juniper mortality from 3% to 10% across the three sites. In all sites, the greatest pinon mortality was in the larger, presumably older, trees. Using logistic regression models, we examined the influence of tree density and basal area on bark beetle infestations (pinon) and direct drought impacts (juniper). In contrast to research carried out early in the drought cycle by other researchers in Arizona, we did not find evidence for greater mortality of pinon and juniper trees in increasingly high density or basal area conditions. We conclude that the severity of this regional drought has masked density-dependent patterns visible in less severe drought conditions. With climate projections for the American Southwest suggesting increases in aridity and rising temperatures, it is critical that we expand our understanding of stress responses expected in widespread pinon-juniper woodlands. C1 [Floyd, M. Lisa; Hanna, Dustin] Prescott Coll, Environm Studies Program, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Turner, Dave] US Forest Serv, Stat Unit, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84320 USA. [Clifford, Michael; Cobb, Neil S.; Delph, Robert] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Clifford, Michael; Cobb, Neil S.; Delph, Robert] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ford, Paulette] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Floyd, ML (reprint author), Prescott Coll, Environm Studies Program, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. EM lfloyd-hanna@prescott.edu FU USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; National Science Foundation [DEB0075563]; Colorado Plateau CESU [CA 1248-00-006]; National Science Foundation Research [RCN0443526] FX New Mexico research was funded with a grant from the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Middle Rio Grande Ecosystem Management Unit. The Arizona research was funded in part by National Science Foundation DEB0075563. The research conducted at Mesa Verde National Park was funded by the Colorado Plateau CESU Project CA 1248-00-006; we thank Ron Hiebert for his support. The National Science Foundation Research Coordination network program provided support for collaboration of research through the grant RCN0443526. David Hanna processed the GPS data; Tom Alward, Meghan Pope, and Lani Hanna assisted with field work; and Mesa Verde National Park resource managers George San Miguel and Marilyn Colyer provided valuable assistance. We thank Priscilla Bancroft for access onto Ute Mountain Tribal land on Mesa Verde. NR 32 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 46 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1223 EP 1230 DI 10.1890/08-1265.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 458KW UT WOS:000267020200013 PM 19688929 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Royle, JA Saab, VA Lehmkuhl, JF Block, WM Sauer, JR AF Russell, Robin E. Royle, J. Andrew Saab, Victoria A. Lehmkuhl, John F. Block, William M. Sauer, John R. TI Modeling the effects of environmental disturbance on wildlife communities: avian responses to prescribed fire SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE composite analysis; fuel treatments; hierarchical Bayes; point count survey; ponderosa pine; presence-absence data; species richness; WinBUGS ID ESTIMATING SPECIES RICHNESS; BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; BOREAL FOREST; FUEL-REDUCTION; OCCUPANCY; LANDSCAPES; DIVERSITY; SEVERITY; NORTHERN AB Prescribed fire is a management tool used to reduce fuel loads on public lands in forested areas in the western United States. Identifying the impacts of prescribed fire on bird communities in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests is necessary for providing land management agencies with information regarding the effects of fuel reduction on sensitive, threatened, and migratory bird species Recent developments in occupancy modeling have established a framework for quantifying the impacts of management practices on wildlife community dynamics. We describe a Bayesian hierarchical model of multi-species occupancy accounting for detection probability, and we demonstrate the model's usefulness for identifying effects of habitat disturbances on wildlife communities. Advantages to using the model include the ability to estimate the effects of environmental impacts on rare or elusive species, the intuitive nature of the modeling, the incorporation of detection probability, the estimation of parameter uncertainty, the flexibility of the model to suit a variety of experimental designs, and the composite estimate of the response that applies to the collection of observed species as opposed to merely a small subset of common species. Our modeling of the impacts of prescribed fire on avian communities in a ponderosa pine forest in Washington indicate that prescribed fire treatments result in increased occupancy rates for several bark-insectivore, cavity-nesting species including a management species of interest, Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus). Three aerial insectivore species, and the ground insectivore, American Robin (Turdus migratorius), also responded positively to prescribed fire, whereas three foliage insectivores and two seed specialists, Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) and the Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus), declined following treatments. Land management agencies interested in determining the effects of habitat manipulations on wildlife communities can use these methods to provide guidance for future management activities. C1 [Block, William M.] US Forest Serv, Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Russell, Robin E.; Saab, Victoria A.] Montana State Univ Campus, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew; Sauer, John R.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Lehmkuhl, John F.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk Wildlife Div, 1400 S 19th Ave, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. EM RRussell@mt.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest; U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station's National Fire Plan; U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station FX K. Woodruff, Methow Valley Ranger District, was instrumental in leading the field effort. The Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest funded and implemented prescribed burning treatments and provided administrative, logistical, and staff support. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station's National Fire Plan research project on "Fuel reduction and forest restoration strategies that also sustain key habitats, species, and ecological processes in. re-prone ecosystems in the interior Northwest'' (#01.PNW.C.2), Joint Fire Science Program, the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, and USGS Patuxent. R. M. King, E. Zipkin, and W. L. Thompson provided helpful reviews. R. Robertson, J. Lindsey, D. Harrington, M. Akker, B. Akker, S. Bondi, S. Farmer, L. Beyer, D. Russell, M. Haggard, K. Kistler, J. Jakubowski, and A. Button collected field data. NR 60 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 9 U2 91 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1263 DI 10.1890/08-0910.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 458KW UT WOS:000267020200016 PM 19688932 ER PT J AU Isbell, FI Polley, HW Wilsey, BJ AF Isbell, Forest I. Polley, H. Wayne Wilsey, Brian J. TI Species interaction mechanisms maintain grassland plant species diversity SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; coexistence; complementarity; ecosystem function; net biodiversity effect; productivity ID PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; BIODIVERSITY; COMPLEMENTARITY; SELECTION; COMMUNITIES; COEXISTENCE; SCENARIOS; RICHNESS AB Development of theory has outpaced experimental tests for most maintenance of diversity mechanisms. Here we demonstrate how data from biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments can be used to determine the mechanisms that maintain plant species diversity. We hypothesized that grassland plant diversity is maintained by two classes of mechanisms: (1) equalizing mechanisms, which reduce asymmetric competition by reducing differences in monoculture biomass production among species in mixture, and (2) species interaction mechanisms, which increase overyielding by increasing niche partitioning and facilitation among species in mixture. Specifically, equalizing mechanisms reduce the coefficient of variation in monoculture biomass production among species in mixture. Species interaction mechanisms increase species overyielding in mixture, especially for low-biomass species. We tested these predictions with a seven-year data set from an experiment that varied grassland plant species evenness and richness. We used path analysis to model effects of these mechanisms on annual and multiyear changes in diversity. We found that diversity was frequently maintained by species interaction mechanisms and was infrequently maintained by equalizing mechanisms. Species interaction mechanisms maintained diversity by allowing the species that produced the least biomass in monoculture to benefit the most from species interactions in mixture. Equalizing mechanisms infrequently maintained diversity because asymmetric competition infrequently resulted in competitive exclusion. We propose that this mechanistic framework be used to better understand the specific processes that influence diversity. C1 [Isbell, Forest I.; Wilsey, Brian J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Polley, H. Wayne] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Isbell, FI (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM isbell@iastate.edu RI Isbell, Forest/C-6915-2012; OI Isbell, Forest/0000-0001-9689-769X; Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0639417] FX A grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0639417) to B. J. Wilsey helped to fund this work. We thank Katherine Jones, Chris Kolodziejczyk, and Kyle Tiner for help with planting and sampling of field plots. We thank Michel Loreau and an anonymous reviewer for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 51 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2009 VL 90 IS 7 BP 1821 EP 1830 DI 10.1890/08-0514.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467NO UT WOS:000267745800012 PM 19694131 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Sharma-Shivappa, R Burns, JC Cheng, JJ AF Yang, Ying Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna Burns, Joseph C. Cheng, Jay J. TI Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Oven-dried Switchgrass Germplasms for Bioethanol Production SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Conference on Impacts of Fuel Quality on Power Generation and Environment CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Banff, CANADA ID AMMONIA RECYCLED PERCOLATION; CORN STOVER; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; STEAM PRETREATMENT; LIGNIN REMOVAL; CELLULOSE; FIBER; SACCHARIFICATION AB Bioethanol production potential of three oven-dried switchgrass germplasms (St6-1, St6-3E,and St6-3F) containing 26.65-29.28% glucan, 17.92-19.37% xylan, and 17.74-19.23% lignin (dry matter basis) was investigated. Evaluation of the effect of three acid concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/v) and residence times (30, 45. and 60 min) on composition of all germplasms indicated significant hemicellulose solublization relying greatly on pretreatment intensity. No apparent delignification was observed during pretreatment. Pretreated samples with the least lignin content or greatest hemicellulose solubilization within each germplasm were selected for hydrolysis and fermentation. Enzymatic hydrolysis at cellulase activities of 0, 15. and 30 FPU (filter paper units)/g dry biomass indicated that addition of cellulase significantly improved glucan hydrolysis (P < 0.05) but supplementation with xylanase did not statistically improve hydrolysis (P > 0.05). Glucan-to-glucose conversion was enhanced by acid pretreatments, especially those resulting in greater hemicellulose solubilization. The greatest glucan conversion of 91.8% was obtained from 60 min/1.5% acid pretreated St6-3E switchgrass hydrolyzed at 30 FPU cellulase/g dry biomass supplemented with xylanase. Fermentation of hydrolyzates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24859) resulted in nearly complete utilization of glucose. The highest ethanol yield of 0.082 g ethanol/g raw St6-3E switchgrass corresponded with 53.5% of theoretical yield based on glucose fermentation. These results demonstrate that the new switchgrass germplasms are potential energy crops for bioethanol production through appropriate processing. C1 [Yang, Ying; Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna; Cheng, Jay J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, Joseph C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, Joseph C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sharma-Shivappa, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ratna_sharma@ncsu.edu RI Yang, Ying/N-4250-2014 NR 44 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL PY 2009 VL 23 IS 7 BP 3759 EP 3766 DI 10.1021/ef900043z PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 484YU UT WOS:000269087900052 ER PT J AU Patt, JM Pfannenstiel, RS AF Patt, Joseph M. Pfannenstiel, Robert S. TI Characterization of restricted area searching behavior following consumption of prey and non-prey food in a cursorial spider, Hibana futilis SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE arrestment; klinokinesis; orthokinesis; foraging; nectarivory; biological control; Araneae; Anyphaenidae ID PATCH RESIDENCE TIME; JUMPING SPIDER; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; CHEMICAL CUES; WOLF SPIDERS; ARANEAE; NECTAR; SALTICIDAE; INFORMATION; THOMISIDAE AB Cursorial spiders are important predators of crop pests in a variety of agricultural systems. Their survivorship, growth, and fecundity can be enhanced by the consumption of extra-floral nectar. We recently showed that Hibana futilis (Banks) (Araneae: Anyphaenidae) engages in restricted area search following contact with nectar, is stimulated by nectar aroma, and can learn to recognize novel aroma cues. Studies have shown that H. futilis is also responsive to solvent extracts of the eggs and scales of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), one of its primary prey insects in cotton. The arrestment behavior of cursorial spiders following consumption of prey and non-prey food has not been characterized. In the present study, the responses of spiders were measured following consumption of prey (H. zea eggs) or non-prey (droplets of dilute honey) food items and compared with individuals tested without food items. The food items were presented to the spiders in test arenas constructed from the top of an inverted glass Petri dish cover. A combination of real time and recorded observations were made via a video camera attached to a computer. The behaviors and movement patterns of individual spiders were analyzed with behavioral tracking software. Significant differences in the behaviors and motion paths of spiders tested in the different treatments were observed. Hibana futilis displayed significantly more dispersal behavior on a blank test arena, than on test arenas supplied with honey droplets or moth eggs. Likewise, spiders tested on the blank arena crawled faster and their motion paths were significantly less tortuous than those of spiders tested in the arenas with honey or moth eggs. Following consumption of both the honey droplets and moth eggs, spiders showed elevated levels of restricted area search and lowered levels of dispersal behavior. The analysis showed that these spiders could crawl rapidly for extended distances. Behaviors such as restricted area search and learned recognition of food-based stimuli would facilitate efficient location of the food resources needed to maintain their high activity levels. C1 [Patt, Joseph M.; Pfannenstiel, Robert S.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Patt, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM joseph.patt@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX We thank F. de la Fuenta, O. Zamora, and A. Ramirez for technical support. We are also grateful to W. van Giessen and T. Mayton of Noldus Information Technology for their technical assistance, and to D. Webber, G. Romero, and two anonymous referees for reviewing and improving the manuscript. The study was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA for its use. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 132 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00865.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 454QK UT WOS:000266697200002 ER PT J AU Shapiro, A AF Shapiro, Aaron TI Ground Work: Conservation in American Culture SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Shapiro, Aaron] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Shapiro, Aaron] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Shapiro, Aaron] New Publ Hist Program, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY PI DURHAM PA 701 VICKERS AVE, DURHAM, NC 27701-3147 USA SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST JI Environ. Hist. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 571 EP 572 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA 499JD UT WOS:000270214600011 ER PT J AU Stern, MJ Blahna, DJ Cerveny, LK Mortimer, MJ AF Stern, Marc J. Blahna, Dale J. Cerveny, Lee K. Mortimer, Michael J. TI Visions of success and achievement in recreation-related USDA Forest Service NEPA processes SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article DE National Environmental Policy Act; Natural resource management; Forest Service; Recreation; Travel management; Teams; Success ID ENVIRONMENTAL-POLICY ACT; TOP MANAGEMENT TEAMS; LITIGATION; CONFLICT; APPEALS; TRUST AB The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is incorporated into the planning and decision-making culture of all natural resource agencies in the U.S. Yet, we know little about how the attitudes and internal interactions of interdisciplinary (ID) teams engaged in NEPA processes influence process outcomes. We conducted a web-based survey of 106 ID team leaders involved with environmental analyses (EA) or environmental impact statements (EIS) for projects dealing with recreation and travel management on national forests. We explore how they define Success in these processes and identify factors most powerfully associated with perceptions of positive outcomes. The survey revealed a tremendous diversity in definitions of success. Strong correlations between the perceived importance of particular indicators of success and their achievement suggest that preconceived notions may often help to shape process outcomes. Regression analyses revealed the following factors as the best predictors of ID team leaders' perception of an "excellent outcome": achievement of the agency mission, whether compromise had taken place between the interested parties. team satisfaction and harmony, timely process completion, and project implementation. Yet, respondents consistently ranked compromise with interested parties and team member satisfaction among the least important measures of Successful NEPA processes. Results suggest that clarifying appropriate Measures Of Success in NEPA processes across the agency could make ID team performance more consistent. The research also suggests that greater attention to ID team interactions, both internally and between teams and interested publics, could result in better outcomes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stern, Marc J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Blahna, Dale J.; Cerveny, Lee K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Mortimer, Michael J.] Virginia Tech, No Virginia Ctr, No Virginia Nat Resources Program, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. RP Stern, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, 304E Cheatham Hall 0324, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mjstern@vt.edu; dblahna@fs.fed.us; lcerveny@fs.fed.us; mortimer@vt.edu OI Stern, Marc/0000-0002-0294-8941 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0195-9255 J9 ENVIRON IMPACT ASSES JI Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.eiar.2008.10.003 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447ZJ UT WOS:000266230600002 ER PT J AU Cole, DN Hall, TE AF Cole, David N. Hall, Troy E. TI Perceived Effects of Setting Attributes on Visitor Experiences in Wilderness: Variation with Situational Context and Visitor Characteristics SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Indicators; Limits of acceptable change; Recreation management; Social interaction; Wilderness experience ID RECREATION; IMPACTS; INDICATORS; DIMENSIONS AB Understanding how setting attributes influence the nature of the visitor experience is crucial to effective recreation management. Highly influential attributes are useful indicators to monitor within a planning framework, such as Limits of Acceptable Change. This study sought to identify the setting attributes perceived to have the most profound effect on the ability to have "a real wilderness experience" and to assess the degree to which attribute importance varied with situational context and visitor characteristics. To this end, exiting hikers were surveyed at moderate and very high use trailheads in Alpine Lakes Wilderness, WA (USA), and Three Sisters Wilderness, OR (USA). They were asked about the degree to which encountering varying levels of different setting attributes would add to or detract from their experience. Attributes with the largest range of effect on experience, based on evaluations of different levels, were considered most important. The most influential attributes were litter and several types of campsite interaction-people walking through camp and number of other groups camping close by. The perceived importance of setting attributes did not vary much between wilderness locations with substantially different use levels, suggesting that conclusions are robust and generalizable across wilderness areas. There also was little difference in the perceptions of day and overnight visitors. In contrast, we found substantial variation in the perceived importance of setting attributes with variation in wilderness experience, knowledge, attachment, and motivation. Our results validate the emphasis of many wilderness management plans on indicators of social interaction, such as number of encounters. C1 [Cole, David N.] Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hall, Troy E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Conservat Social Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Cole, DN (reprint author), Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM dcole@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Region; Rocky Mountain Research Station; University of Idaho FX This work was supported in part by funds provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region and Rocky Mountain Research Station and by the University of Idaho. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 24 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9286-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 462GM UT WOS:000267339100003 PM 19290567 ER PT J AU Hogan, DM Walbridge, MR AF Hogan, Dianna M. Walbridge, Mark R. TI Recent Land Cover History and Nutrient Retention in Riparian Wetlands SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Sediment; Iron; Land cover; Land use; Riparian wetland; Microstegium vimenium; Japanese stiltgrass; Invasive plant species ID SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS; URBAN; SOIL; SEDIMENT; NITROGEN; URBANIZATION; POLLUTION; RESPONSES AB Wetland ecosystems are profoundly affected by altered nutrient and sediment loads received from anthropogenic activity in their surrounding watersheds. Our objective was to compare a gradient of agricultural and urban land cover history during the period from 1949 to 1997, with plant and soil nutrient concentrations in, and sediment deposition to, riparian wetlands in a rapidly urbanizing landscape. We observed that recent agricultural land cover was associated with increases in Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) concentrations in a native wetland plant species. Conversely, recent urban land cover appeared to alter receiving wetland environmental conditions by increasing the relative availability of P versus N, as reflected in an invasive, but not a native, plant species. In addition, increases in surface soil Fe content suggests recent inputs of terrestrial sediments associated specifically with increasing urban land cover. The observed correlation between urban land cover and riparian wetland plant tissue and surface soil nutrient concentrations and sediment deposition, suggest that urbanization specifically enhances the suitability of riparian wetland habitats for the invasive species Japanese stiltgrass [Microstegium vimenium (Trinius) A. Camus]. C1 [Hogan, Dianna M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Walbridge, Mark R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Hogan, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MSN 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dhogan@usgs.gov FU US Environmental Protection Agency [CD 98319701]; USEPA FX This research was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency through the State Wetland Grant Program (Assistance #CD 98319701), by collaborative agreement between the Fairfax County Government Center and M. R. Walbridge at George Mason University, and by the US Geological Survey in Reston, VA, through the Human Resource Initiative. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the USEPA, it has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and policy review and therefore does not reflect the view of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9313-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 462GM UT WOS:000267339100006 PM 19484285 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD Johnson, DD Nafus, AM AF Davies, Kirk W. Bates, Jonathan D. Johnson, Dustin D. Nafus, Aleta M. TI Influence of Mowing Artemisia tridentata ssp wyomingensis on Winter Habitat for Wildlife SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wyoming big sagebrush; Recovery; Sagebrush; Mechanical treatment; Cover; Nutritional quality; Crude protein ID SAGEBRUSH-GRASS RANGE; SAGE-GROUSE HABITAT; BIG SAGEBRUSH; MULE DEER; STEPPE; MANAGEMENT; MONTANA; OREGON; FIBER AB Mowing is commonly implemented to Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Welsh (Wyoming big sagebrush) plant communities to improve wildlife habitat, increase forage production for livestock, and create fuel breaks for fire suppression. However, information detailing the influence of mowing on winter habitat for wildlife is lacking. This information is crucial because many wildlife species depended on A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis plant communities for winter habitat and consume significant quantities of Artemisia during this time. Furthermore, information is generally limited describing the recovery of A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis to mowing and the impacts of mowing on stand structure. Stand characteristics and Artemisia leaf tissue crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations were measured in midwinter on 0-, 2-, 4-, and 6-year-old fall-applied mechanical (mowed at 20 cm height) treatments and compared to adjacent untreated (control) areas. Mowing compared to the control decreased Artemisia cover, density, canopy volume, canopy elliptical area, and height (P < 0.05), but all characteristics were recovering (P < 0.05). Mowing A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis plant communities slightly increases the nutritional quality of Artemisia leaves (P < 0.05), but it simultaneously results in up to 20 years of decrease in Artemisia structural characteristics. Because of the large reduction in A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis for potentially 20 years following mowing, mowing should not be applied in Artemisia facultative and obligate wildlife winter habitat. Considering the decline in A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis-dominated landscapes, we caution against mowing these communities. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Bates, Jonathan D.; Nafus, Aleta M.] Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Burns, OR USA. [Johnson, Dustin D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Harney Cty Extens Off, Burns, OR USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Burns, OR USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU Agricultural Research Service FX Research was supported by the Agricultural Research Service and treatments were applied by the Bureau of Land Management. The authors are grateful to Kristen Munday and Georjanna Pokorney for assisting with collecting data. The authors also appreciate the assistance that Mike McGee, Nick Miller, and Matt Obradovich (Bureau of Land Management Wildlife Biologists) provided in locating all of the treatment areas. Thoughtful reviews were provided by Dr. Chad Boyd, Mitch Willis, and anonymous reviewers. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA, Oregon State University, or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9258-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 462GM UT WOS:000267339100008 PM 19159967 ER PT J AU Mahmoud, M Liu, YQ Hartmann, H Stewart, S Wagener, T Semmens, D Stewart, R Gupta, H Dominguez, D Dominguez, F Hulse, D Letcher, R Rashleigh, B Smith, C Street, R Ticehurst, J Twery, M van Delden, H Waldick, R White, D Winter, L AF Mahmoud, Mohammed Liu, Yuqiong Hartmann, Holly Stewart, Steven Wagener, Thorsten Semmens, Darius Stewart, Robert Gupta, Hoshin Dominguez, Damian Dominguez, Francina Hulse, David Letcher, Rebecca Rashleigh, Brenda Smith, Court Street, Roger Ticehurst, Jenifer Twery, Mark van Delden, Hedwig Waldick, Ruth White, Denis Winter, Larry TI A formal framework for scenario development in support of environmental decision-making SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Alternative futures; Decision-making; Scenario analysis; Scenarios; Scenario planning; Uncertainty ID WATER-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; RIVER-BASIN; UNCERTAINTY; FUTURE; MODEL; LAND; TOOL; METHODOLOGY; ASIA AB Scenarios are possible future states of the world that represent alternative plausible conditions under different assumptions. Often, scenarios are developed in a context relevant to stakeholders involved in their applications since the evaluation of scenario outcomes and implications can enhance decision-making activities. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of scenario development and proposes a formal approach to scenario development in environmental decision-making. The discussion of current issues in scenario studies includes advantages and obstacles in utilizing a formal scenario development framework, and the different forms of uncertainty inherent in scenario development, as well as how they should be treated. An appendix for common scenario terminology has been attached for clarity. Major recommendations for future research in this area include proper consideration of uncertainty in scenario studies in particular in relation to stakeholder relevant information, construction of scenarios that are more diverse in nature, and sharing of information and resources among the scenario development research community. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mahmoud, Mohammed; Stewart, Steven; Gupta, Hoshin; Dominguez, Francina] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liu, Yuqiong] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hartmann, Holly] Univ Arizona, Arid Lands Informat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wagener, Thorsten] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Semmens, Darius] USGS Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Stewart, Robert] Univ Tennessee, Inst Environm Modeling, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dominguez, Damian] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Dominguez, Damian] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hulse, David] Univ Oregon, Dept Landscape Architecture 5234, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Letcher, Rebecca] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Rashleigh, Brenda] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Smith, Court] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Street, Roger] UKCIP OUCE, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Ticehurst, Jenifer] Australian Natl Univ, Integrated Catchment Assessment & Management Ctr, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Twery, Mark] USDA Forest Serv Sci Technol & Appl Results, No Res Stn Program, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [van Delden, Hedwig] RIKS, NL-6200 AL Maastricht, Netherlands. [Waldick, Ruth] Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Winter, Larry] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Mahmoud, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, 1133 E James Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mahmoud@email.arizona.edu RI Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; Ticehurst, Jenifer/B-7707-2011; Wagener, Thorsten/C-2062-2008; Liu, Yuqiong/B-4318-2012; Dominguez, Francina/D-4412-2012; OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; Wagener, Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; Stewart, Robert/0000-0002-8186-7559 FU US National Science Foundation Science; Technology Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) [EAR-9876800] FX Support for this research was provided by the US National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) under Grant EAR-9876800. The research described in this article has been subjected to the US Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 55 TC 105 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 7 BP 798 EP 808 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.11.010 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 435KC UT WOS:000265341800003 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Smith, DR King, KW Slade, RM AF Harmel, R. D. Smith, D. R. King, K. W. Slade, R. M. TI Estimating storm discharge and water quality data uncertainty: A software tool for monitoring and modeling applications SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Error propagation; Data collection; Hydrology; Nutrients; Watershed models ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SAMPLE PRESERVATION; REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RIVER WATER; NITROGEN; STRATEGIES; SEDIMENT; SORPTION AB Uncertainty estimates corresponding to measured hydrologic and water quality data can contribute to improved monitoring design, decision-making, model application, and regulatory formulation. With these benefits in mind, the Data Uncertainty Estimation Tool for Hydrology and Water Quality (DUET-H/WQ) was developed from an existing uncertainty estimation framework for small watershed discharge, sediment, and N and P data. Both the software and its framework-basis utilize the root mean square error propagation methodology to provide uncertainty estimates instead of more rigorous approaches requiring detailed statistical information, which is rarely available. DUET-H/WQ lists published uncertainty information for data collection procedures to assist the user in assigning appropriate data-specific uncertainty estimates and then calculates the uncertainty for individual discharge, concentration, and load values. Results of DUET-H/WQ application in several studies indicated that substantial uncertainty can be contributed by each procedural category (discharge measurement, sample collection, sample preservation/storage, laboratory analysis, and data processing and management). For storm loads, the uncertainty was typically least for discharge (+/- 7-23%), greater for sediment (+/- 16-27%) and dissolved N and P (+/- 14-31%) loads, and greater yet for total N and P (+/- 18-36%). When these uncertainty estimates for individual values were aggregated within study periods (i.e. total discharge, average concentration, and total load), uncertainties followed the same pattern (Q < TSS < dissolved N and P < total N and P). This rigorous demonstration of uncertainty in discharge and water quality data illustrates the importance of uncertainty analysis and the need for appropriate tools. It is our hope that DUET-H/WQ contributes to making uncertainty estimation a routine data collection and reporting procedure and thus enhances environmental monitoring, modeling, and decision-making. Hydrologic and water quality data are too important for scientists to continue to ignore the inherent uncertainty. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Harmel, R. D.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Smith, D. R.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [King, K. W.] USDA ARS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM daren.harmel@ars.usda.gov; douglas.r.smith@ars.usda.gov; kevin.king@ars.usda.gov; raymond643@aol.-com RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 77 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 7 BP 832 EP 842 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.12.006 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 435KC UT WOS:000265341800006 ER PT J AU Ashworth, DJ Ernst, FF Xuan, R Yates, SR AF Ashworth, D. J. Ernst, F. F. Xuan, R. Yates, S. R. TI Laboratory Assessment of Emission Reduction Strategies for the Agricultural Fumigants 1,3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; WATER APPLICATION; DRIP IRRIGATION; SOIL FUMIGATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE; FIELD; VOLATILIZATION; DEGRADATION AB With the increased use of the agricultural fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP), it is important that strategies to reduce emissions of these fumigant from soil to the air are assessed to protect air quality. Using an established soil column approach, the following emission reduction strategies were compared to a control: (1) spray application of ammonium thiosulfate to the soil surface; (2) deep injection at 46 cm depth; (3) high density polyethylene sealed over the soil surface; (4) virtually impermeable film sealed over the soil surface; and (5) irrigation with ammonium thiosulfate solution. Relative to the control, 1,3-D emissions were reduced by 26.1, 1.0, 0.01, 94.2, and 42.5%, for treatments 1 through 5, respectively. For CP the reductions were 41.6, 23.3, 94.6, 99.9, and 87.5% for treatments 1 through 5, respectively. Virtually impermeable film gave the greatest reductions for both fumigants, while HDPE was very effective only for CP. Despite offering less significant emission reductions, the lower cost alternatives to tarping, particularly irrigation with ATS solution, may offer substantial benefit where tarping is not economically viable. C1 [Ashworth, D. J.; Yates, S. R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Ernst, F. F.; Xuan, R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Ashworth, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM daniel.ashworth@ars.usda.gov RI Ashworth, Daniel/A-9701-2008 FU California Air Resources Board FX This work was funded by the California Air Resources Board. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 13 BP 5073 EP 5078 DI 10.1021/es900049g PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463ME UT WOS:000267435500087 PM 19673309 ER PT J AU Soder, KJ Orr, RJ Rubano, MD Rook, AJ AF Soder, K. J. Orr, R. J. Rubano, M. D. Rook, A. J. TI Use of a micro-sward technique for determining bite mass of four grass species in short-term tests SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Bite mass; Cattle; Sward boxes; Grass species ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS VARIETIES; DIET SELECTION; DAIRY-COWS; CONTINUOUS STOCKING; BEHAVIOR RESPONSES; INGESTIVE BEHAVIOR; GRAZING INTENSITY; LIVESTOCK BREED; WHITE CLOVER; SHEEP AB Four grass species typically found in semi-natural pastures in the UK were sown individually in boxes (85 x 44 x 14 cm) to create micro-swards. Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus L.); creeping bent (Agrostis stolonifera L. cv Kromi); rough meadow-grass (Poa trivialis L.); and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv Glen) were offered to yearling Simmental x Holstein steers in short-term tests to characterize bite mass in relation to morphological traits of period during which the steers were allowed to take similar to 50 bithe ). Number of bites taken from the boxes did not differ between grass species (mean 32.7 bites). Mean dry matter bite mass was greatest for perennial ryegrass (0.50 vs. mean 0.37 g DM bite(-1) for the other species). Regression analyses indicated that the best sward variables for predicting mean DM bite mass were sward DM% (F prob. = 0.066grass species. Boxes were weighed (+/- 0.1 g) before and after a 5 min tes. Perennial ryegrass had the greatest sward surface height (17.7 cm vs. mean 12.7 cm for the other species). Extended tiller length was greatest for ryegrass (17.3 cm) and least for rough meadow-grass (13.5 cm). Leaf length was greatest for ryegrass (6.5 cm) and Yorkshire fog (7.0 cm) and least for creeping bent (4.0 cm). Sward DM% was lowest for ryegrass (19.7%) and highest for creeping bent and rough meadow-grass (mean 23.2%) and sward surface height (F prob. = 0.086). While morphological characteristics affected bite mass, more is yet to be learned about other factors that may affect intake characteristics of forage species to improve economic and environmental sustainability. C1 [Soder, K. J.; Rubano, M. D.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Orr, R. J.; Rook, A. J.] N Wyke Res, Okehampton, Devon, England. RP Soder, KJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd,Univ Pk, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Kathy.Soder@ars.usda.gov; robert.orr@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Orr, Robert/C-4454-2017 OI Orr, Robert/0000-0002-8865-6391 FU UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Cooperative Research Fellowship Programme; USDA-Agricultural Research Service International Scientific Enhancement Program FX This work was supported by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and was carried out in accordance with the welfare standards approved by IGER's Ethical Review Procedure. K. J. Soder and M. D. Rubano received partial support from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Cooperative Research Fellowship Programme and the USDA-Agricultural Research Service International Scientific Enhancement Program. The authors wish to thank J. E. Cook, R. A. Champion, and B. A. Griffith for their assistance during this trial. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUL PY 2009 VL 168 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-9907-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 456CD UT WOS:000266815200013 ER PT J AU Ince, MN Elliott, DE Setiawan, T Metwali, A Blum, A Chen, HL Urban, JF Flavell, RA Weinstock, JV AF Ince, M. Nedim Elliott, David E. Setiawan, Tommy Metwali, Ahmed Blum, Arthur Chen, Hung-lin Urban, Joseph F. Flavell, Richard A. Weinstock, Joel V. TI Role of T cell TGF-beta signaling in intestinal cytokine responses and helminthic immune modulation SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helminths; IL-10; Lamina propria mononuclear cells; TGF-beta; Treg ID TRICHURIS-SUIS THERAPY; HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS; IL-10-DEFICIENT MICE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INDUCED COLITIS; CROHNS-DISEASE; CUTTING EDGE; MURINE MODEL; INFECTION; INTERLEUKIN-10 AB Colonization with helminthic parasites induces mucosal regulatory cytokines, like IL-10 or TGF-beta, that are important in suppressing colitis. Helminths induce mucosal T cell IL-10 secretion and regulate lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMC) Th1 cytokine generation in an IL-10-dependent manner in WT mice. Helminths also stimulate mucosal TGF-beta release. As TGF-beta exerts major regulatory effects on T lymphocytes, we investigated the role of T lymphocyte TGF-beta signaling in helminthic modulation of intestinal immunity. T cell TGF-beta signaling is interrupted in TGF-beta receptor II dominant negative (TGF-beta RII DN) mice by T-cell-specific over-expression of a TGF-beta RII DN. We studied LPMC responses in WT and TGF-beta RII DN mice that were uninfected or colonized with the nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Our results indicate an essential role of T cell TGF-beta signaling in limiting mucosal Th1 and Th2 responses. Furthermore, we demonstrate that helminthic induction of intestinal T cell IL-10 secretion requires intact T cell TGF-beta-signaling pathway. Helminths fail to curtail robust, dysregulated intestinal Th1 cytokine production and chronic colitis in TGF-beta RII DN mice. Thus, T cell TGF-beta signaling is essential for helminthic stimulation of mucosal IL-10 production, helminthic modulation of intestinal IFN-gamma generation and H. polygyrus-mediated suppression of chronic colitis. C1 [Ince, M. Nedim; Elliott, David E.; Metwali, Ahmed; Chen, Hung-lin] Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Elliott, David E.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Setiawan, Tommy; Blum, Arthur; Weinstock, Joel V.] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Boston, MA USA. [Urban, Joseph F.] ARS, USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Flavell, Richard A.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Immunobiol Sect, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Ince, MN (reprint author), Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Div Gastroenterol 4544 JCP, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM m-nedim-ince@uiowa.edu FU NIH [DK38327, DK58755, DK034928, DK07663, DK25295, T32A1007511]; VA Merit Grant FX This study has been supported by NIH grants DK38327, DK58755, DK034928, DK07663, DK25295, T32A1007511 and VA Merit Grant. NR 36 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1870 EP 1878 DI 10.1002/eji.200838956 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 474GP UT WOS:000268270900019 PM 19544487 ER PT J AU Pampin, S Parnell, L Ordovas, JM Rodriguez-Rey, JC AF Pampin, S. Parnell, L. Ordovas, J. M. Rodriguez-Rey, J. C. TI Human Accelerated Region 20 (HAR20) operates as an enhancer: functional study of a HAR20 SNP associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Congress of the Federation-of-European-Biochemical-Societies CY JUL 04-09, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Federat European Biochem Soc C1 [Pampin, S.; Rodriguez-Rey, J. C.] Univ Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Parnell, L.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 276 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 458ZS UT WOS:000267069900317 ER PT J AU Rasooly, R Do, PM AF Rasooly, Reuven Do, Paula M. TI In vitro cell-based assay for activity analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin A in food SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Staphylococcal enterotoxin A; superantigen; splenocyte; bioassays; immunomagnetic beads ID BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGENS; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; AUREUS; MILK; PREVALENCE; OUTBREAK; IGE AB Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are a leading cause of food poisoning and have two separate biological activities; it causes gastroenteritis and functions as a superantigen that activates large numbers of T cells. In vivo monkey or kitten bioassays were developed for analysis of SEs emetic activity. To overcome the inherent limitations of such bioassays, this study describes an in vitro splenocyte proliferation assay based on SEs superantigen activity as an alternative method for measuring the activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). After incubation of splenocytes with SEA, cell proliferation was measured by labeling the proliferating cells' DNA with bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine, BrdU) and quantifying the incorporated BrdU by immunohistochemistry. BrdU labeling is shown to be highly correlated with SEA concentration (R(2)=0.99) and can detect 20 pg mL(-1) of SEA, which is far more sensitive than most enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Our assay can also distinguish between active toxin and inactive forms of the toxin in milk. By applying immunomagnetic beads that capture and concentrate the toxin, our assay was able to overcome matrix interference. These results suggest that our in vitro cell-based assay is an advantageous practical alternative to the in vivo monkey or kitten bioassays for measuring SEA and possibly other SEs activity in food. C1 [Rasooly, Reuven; Do, Paula M.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Rasooly, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM reuven.rasooly@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 172 EP 178 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00561.x PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 456IN UT WOS:000266838700008 PM 19453753 ER PT J AU Gantois, I Ducatelle, R Pasmans, F Haesebrouck, F Gast, R Humphrey, TJ Van Immerseel, F AF Gantois, Inne Ducatelle, Richard Pasmans, Frank Haesebrouck, Freddy Gast, Richard Humphrey, Tom J. Van Immerseel, Filip TI Mechanisms of egg contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Salmonella Enteritidis; egg contamination; eggshell penetration; reproductive tract colonization; survival in the forming egg; growth in eggs post-lay ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; COLONIZE REPRODUCTIVE-ORGANS; LAYING HENS; PHAGE TYPE-4; IN-VITRO; EGGSHELL PENETRATION; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; INTACT EGGS; MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION AB Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) has been the major cause of the food-borne salmonellosis pandemic in humans over the last 20 years, during which contaminated hen's eggs were the most important vehicle of the infection. Eggs can be contaminated on the outer shell surface and internally. Internal contamination can be the result of penetration through the eggshell or by direct contamination of egg contents before oviposition, originating from infection of the reproductive organs. Once inside the egg, the bacteria need to cope with antimicrobial factors in the albumen and vitelline membrane before migration to the yolk can occur. It would seem that serotype Enteritidis has intrinsic characteristics that allow an epidemiological association with hen eggs that are still undefined. There are indications that SE survives the attacks with the help of antimicrobial molecules during the formation of the egg in the hen's oviduct and inside the egg. This appears to require a unique combination of genes encoding for improved cell wall protection and repairing cellular and molecular damage, among others. C1 [Gantois, Inne; Ducatelle, Richard; Pasmans, Frank; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Van Immerseel, Filip] Univ Ghent, Dept Pathol Bacteriol & Avian Dis, Fac Vet Med, Res Grp Vet Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Gast, Richard] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. [Humphrey, Tom J.] Univ Bristol, Div Vet Pathol Infect & Immun, Sch Clin Vet Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Gantois, I (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Pathol Bacteriol & Avian Dis, Fac Vet Med, Res Grp Vet Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM inne.gantois@ugent.be RI Pasmans, Frank/D-3667-2014; Haesebrouck, Freddy/M-3857-2014; Van Immerseel, Filip/K-3701-2014; Mangan, Rachel/A-8824-2008 OI Haesebrouck, Freddy/0000-0002-1709-933X; Mangan, Rachel/0000-0002-8788-9214 NR 142 TC 154 Z9 168 U1 5 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 718 EP 738 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00161.x PG 21 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 453UB UT WOS:000266637300003 PM 19207743 ER PT J AU Riley, KL Weirich, CR Cerino, D AF Riley, Kenneth L. Weirich, Charles R. Cerino, David TI Development and growth of hatchery-reared larval Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FEEDING ABILITY; RED SNAPPER; SEA-BASS; ROTIFERS; SIZE AB Although the Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) is a prime candidate for aquaculture, the problematic production of juveniles remains a major impediment to commercial culture of this species. In order to improve the understanding of larval development and to refine hatchery production techniques, this study was conducted to characterize development and growth of Florida pompano from hatching through metamorphosis by using digital photography and image analysis. Newly hatched larvae were transparent and had a large, elongate yolk sac and single oil globule. The lower and upper jaws as well as the digestive tract were not fully developed at hatching. Rotifers were observed in the stomach of larvae at three days after hatching (DAH), and Artemia spp. were observed in the stomach of larvae at 14 DAH. Growth rates calculated from total length measurements were 0.22 +/- 0.04, 0.23 +/- 0.12, and 0.35 +/- 0.09 mm/d for each of the larval rearing trials. The mouth gape of larvae was 0.266 +/- 0.075 mm at first feeding and increased with a growth rate of 0.13 +/- 0.04 mm/d. Predicted values for optimal prey sizes ranged from 80 to 130 pin at 3 DAH, 160 to 267 pin at 5 DAH, and 454 to 757 pm at 10 DAH. Based on the findings of this study, a refined feeding regime was developed to provide stage- and size-specific guidelines for feeding Florida pompano larvae reared under hatchery conditions. C1 [Riley, Kenneth L.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Weirich, Charles R.; Cerino, David] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Riley, KL (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM klr1011@ecu.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [6225-63000-007-00] FX This research was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service as part of the Engineering and Production Strategies for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Project (no. 6225-63000-007-00). We thank F. Hoff, J. Mountain, and K. Main for sharing their expertise and experiences rearing Florida pompano. We also thank R. Rulifson and A. Overton for providing comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This is Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute contribution no. 1642. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 107 IS 3 BP 318 EP 328 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 476KZ UT WOS:000268440700006 ER PT J AU Li, L Aldini, G Carini, M Chen, CYO Chun, HK Cho, SM Park, KM Correa, CR Russell, RM Blumberg, JB Yeum, KJ AF Li, Lei Aldini, Giancarlo Carini, Marina Chen, C. -Y. Oliver Chun, Hye-Kyung Cho, Soo-Muk Park, Ki-Moon Correa, Camila Renata Russell, Robert M. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Yeum, Kyung-Jin TI Characterisation, extraction efficiency, stability and antioxidant activity of phytonutrients in Angelica keiskei SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Angelica keiskei; Carotenoids; Chalcones; Total antioxidant performance; Extraction efficiency; Stability ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; ABSORBENCY CAPACITY ASSAY; LIPID-METABOLISM; XANTHOANGELOL; STORAGE; ACID; DERIVATIVES; FLAVONOIDS; OXIDATION; FRUIT AB Phytonutrients in Angelica keiskei, a dark green leafy vegetable, were characterised and their extraction efficiency by different compositions of water/ethanol as well as stability at different temperatures was determined. A range in the content of lutein (205-265 mg/kg dry wt), trans-beta-carotene (103-130 mg/kg dry wt), and total phenols (8.6-9.7 g/kg) was observed amongst Angelica keiskei grown in three different conditions. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified chlorogenic acid, chalcones and the glucosides of luteolin and quercetin as the major phenolic compounds in Angelica keiskei. Only 46% of lutein was extracted by 70% of ethanol and no carotenoid was detected in 40% ethanol and 100% water extracts of Angelica keiskei. Major phytonutrients in Angelica keiskei were stable at 80 degrees C up to 12 months whilst beta-carotene was significantly degraded at room temperature and 4 degrees C within 2 months and lutein at room temperature within 12 months. The current study indicates that phytonutrients rich in Angelica keiskei can only be extracted partially using ethanol/water and substantial loss of certain phytonutrients such as beta-carotene can occur during storage at either 4 degrees C or room temperature. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Lei; Chen, C. -Y. Oliver; Correa, Camila Renata; Russell, Robert M.; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Yeum, Kyung-Jin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Li, Lei] Qingdao Univ, Coll Med, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Aldini, Giancarlo; Carini, Marina] Univ Milan, Fac Pharm, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, Milan, Italy. [Chun, Hye-Kyung; Cho, Soo-Muk] Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Rural Resources Dev Inst, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon, South Korea. [Park, Ki-Moon] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Food Sci & Biotechnol, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kyungjin.yecm@Tufts.edu RI CARINI, MARINA/D-3084-2015 OI aldini, giancarlo/0000-0002-2355-6744; CARINI, MARINA/0000-0003-3407-5425 FU BioGreen 21 Program [20070301034009]; Rural Development Administration, Korea; US Department of Agriculture [1950-51000-065-OBS] FX This research has been supported in part by the BioGreen 21 Program (Code #20070301034009), Rural Development Administration, Korea and US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement 1950-51000-065-OBS. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 115 IS 1 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.015 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 426DF UT WOS:000264687300036 ER PT J AU Wilcox, C Ades, R AF Wilcox, Caren Ades, Richard TI Food Recalls in the Digital Age SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ades, Richard] Prism Publ Affairs, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Wilcox, Caren; Ades, Richard] USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM carenw@carenwlicoassociates.com; rades@prismpublicaffairs.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 63 IS 7 BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 477OX UT WOS:000268529500021 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Farrow, RL Genovese, KJ Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, Tom S. Farrow, Russell L. Genovese, Ken J. Callaway, Todd R. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Influence of Exogenous Melatonin on Horizontal Transfer of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Experimentally Infected Sheep SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; O157-H7 AB The objective of the current research was to determine if exogenous melatonin would exert a "protective'' effect on the gastrointestinal tract of sheep and prevent or reduce the horizontal transfer of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from experimentally infected to noninfected or "naive'' sheep. Sixteen cross-bred ewes were housed indoors and adapted to a high concentrate ration. Ewes were randomly assigned to one of four rooms and treatment (three ewes/room, six ewes/treatment) and received either control (gelatin capsule only) or melatonin (5.0mg/kg body weight [BW]/d). Four additional ewes served as "carrier'' sheep (one/room) and were experimentally infected via oral gavage with E. coli O157:H7. Three days post-challenge, carrier ewes were housed with naive sheep and remained with them for the remainder of the experimental period. Treatments were administered to the naive sheep 1 day prior to introduction of the carrier sheep and on each of the remaining 7 days of the experimental period. Fecal samples were collected via rectal palpation from the carrier sheep daily throughout experiment and from the naive sheep daily for 5 days, starting 2 days following introduction of the carriers. On day 8 of the experiment, all ewes were euthanized and tissues from the rumen, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum as well as their respective lumen contents collected. The carrier sheep quickly infected the naive ewes, which had similar fecal concentrations as the carrier animals throughout the 5-day sampling period. Melatonin treatment had no effect (p > 0.10) on daily fecal shedding, luminal content concentrations, or in the percentage of gastrointestinal tract tissue positive for the inoculated strain of E. coli O157:H7. C1 [Edrington, Tom S.; Farrow, Russell L.; Genovese, Ken J.; Callaway, Todd R.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 6 IS 6 BP 729 EP 731 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0275 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 471ZS UT WOS:000268097900012 PM 19425828 ER PT J AU Lee, DJ Adams, DC Kim, CS AF Lee, Donna J. Adams, Damian C. Kim, C. S. TI Managing invasive plants on public conservation forestlands: Application of a bio-economic model SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Invasive plants; Bio-economic; Public conservation land; Simulation; Management ID MANAGEMENT AB Public conservation forestlands protect natural resources, provide wildlife habitat, and service a multi-billion dollar recreation industry. Invasive upland plants (IPs) threaten to dramatically reduce the flow of goods and services from these lands. In the late 1990s, a Florida (USA) state program began combating IPs on public conservation lands. By 2007, the program had controlled roughly 1/3 of the 1.5 million IP-infested acres, primarily due to a surge in expenditures that began in 2001 and peaked in 2005. This study evaluates the effectiveness and efficiency of the program by simulating the costs and benefits of IP control through 2016 under five feasible policy alternatives: (I) Do nothing, (II) Maintenance control, (III) 2001-2004 level (of program spending), (IV) 2005 level, and (V) Maximum net present value. To evaluate the policies, we construct a bio-economic model that is parameterized using observations of IP coverage and data from 11 state regions. Given the uncertain nature of IP spread, we simulate the policies' economic impacts under two plausible spread rates. Simulation results indicate that the program's recent efforts are highly effective generating up to $865.1 million in present value net benefits through 2016 - but less efficient than more costly, front-loaded spending that can generate up to 4.37 times more net benefits. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Adams, Damian C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Lee, Donna J.] Entrix Inc, Alachua, FL 32653 USA. [Kim, C. S.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Adams, DC (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, 316 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM dlee@entrix.com; damian.adams@okstate.edu; ckim@ers.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [2005-34135-16411] FX This project was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Award No. 2005-34135-16411, "Economics of Managing Invasive Species in Tropical and Sub-Tropical Areas of the US Caribbean Basin." NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 11 IS 4 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2009.03.004 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 475UI UT WOS:000268386400004 ER PT J AU Poudyal, NC Hodges, DG Bowker, JM Cordell, HK AF Poudyal, Neelam C. Hodges, Donald G. Bowker, J. M. Cordell, H. K. TI Evaluating natural resource amenities in a human life expectancy production function SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Life expectancy; Natural resource amenities; Spatial error model; Production function; Public health ID ECONOMIC-GROWTH; HEALTH; GREEN; VIEW; DETERMINANTS; ENVIRONMENTS; RECOVERY; BENEFITS; FORESTS; SPACE AB This study examined the effect of natural resource amenities on human life expectancy. Extending the existing model of the life expectancy production function, and correcting for spatial dependence, we evaluated the determinants of life expectancy using county level data. Results indicate that after controlling for socio-demographic and economic factors, medical facilities and risk factors, counties with natural amenities such as high proportion of land in forests, farmland, rangeland and water bodies, as well as mild climate such as longer sunlight hours during winter and cooler year around temperature exhibited longer life expectancies at birth. In addition, counties containing state parks and outdoor recreation facilities, and those located near federal wilderness parks were associated with the longer expectancies at birth. Findings from this study have several implications for natural resource economics and management, public health, and human development. An important message of our findings is that the traditional approach of public health should be extended beyond just controlling diseases or treating patients to a more comprehensive approach that also acknowledges the preservation and utilization of natural resources, environmental amenities. and outdoor recreation opportunities in maintaining public health, quality of life, and overall human development. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hodges, Donald G.] Univ Tennessee, Nat Resource Policy Ctr, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Poudyal, Neelam C.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bowker, J. M.; Cordell, H. K.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hodges, DG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Nat Resource Policy Ctr, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, 274 Ellington Pl Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM npoudyal@warnell.uga.edu; dhodges2@utk.edu; mbowker@fs.fed.us; kcordell@fs.fed.us OI Hodges, Donald/0000-0001-6751-0927 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 11 IS 4 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2009.04.007 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 475UI UT WOS:000268386400006 ER PT J AU Abt, RC Cubbage, FW Abt, KL AF Abt, Robert C. Cubbage, Frederick W. Abt, Karen L. TI Projecting southern timber supply for multiple products by subregion SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB While timber supply modeling has been of importance in the wood-producing regions of the United States for decades, it is only more recently that the technology and data have allowed disaggregation of supply and demand to substate regions, including product specific breakdowns and endogenous land use and plantation changes. Using southwide data and all economic supply and demand framework, the Subregional Timber Supply model was used to project timber inventory, removals, and price, for subregions of the 12 southern states through 2030. Two hypothetical demand scenarios were modeled to reflect current recessionary impacts and potential for added bio-energy demands: 1) constant demands based on average 2002 to 2007 removals, and 2) a 30-percent recession reduction (2006 to 2009) and rebound by the same percentage (2010 to 2013), followed by a 0.5 percent per year demand increase for all products. Projections indicate that pine pulpwood markets are the least volatile under both demand scenarios and small pine sawtimber are the most volatile. Larger pine sawtimber markets have moderate price decreases due to the recession, which later increase to levels near current prices. Hardwood pulpwood and sawtimber both experience recessionary price decreases, and while prices recover partially, they do not return to current levels by the end of the projection period. Also, more growth and less timberland loss shifts more timber production and harvests to the southern coastal plain areas. C1 [Abt, Robert C.; Cubbage, Frederick W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Abt, Karen L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Forest Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Abt, RC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bob_abt@ncsu.edu; fred_cubbage@ncsu.edu; kabt@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 59 IS 7-8 BP 7 EP 16 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 508VD UT WOS:000270964500001 ER PT J AU Rappold, PM Kline, DE Bond, BH Wiedenbeck, JK AF Rappold, Patrick M. Kline, D. Earl Bond, Brian H. Wiedenbeck, Janice K. TI Reciprocal estimation of the raw material cost of producing hardwood lumber using the principles of activity-based costing SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper presents an experimental method that can be used by sawmill managers to estimate the raw material cost of producing hardwood lumber products more precisely than current cost allocation techniques. Based on the concept of activity-based costing, the proposed costing technique, termed the lumber yield method, enables allocation of raw material costs incurred during a production run to the lumber products produced. In contrast to current costing techniques used by hardwood sawmills, the proposed methodology does not use volume of lumber produced as the matrix for allocating raw material costs. Rather raw material costs are allocated based upon the estimated yield of products from the raw material input into the sawmill system. Through the use of discrete-event simulation, the precision of the lumber yield method was tested against two cost accounting methods (activity-based costing method and traditional costing method). Analysis of the output from the simulation models illustrated that with the lumber yield method, the amount of raw material costs allocated to the products was not significantly different from the amount allocated by the activity-based costing method. The calculated raw material costs of the products were, however, found to be significantly different between the lumber yield method and the traditional volume costing method. These results illustrate that the lumber yield method more precisely allocates raw material costs to the products than the traditional cost accounting method. C1 [Rappold, Patrick M.; Kline, D. Earl; Bond, Brian H.] Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Wiedenbeck, Janice K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV USA. EM prappold@vt.edu; kline@vt.edu; bbond@vt.edu; jwiedenbeck@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service; Northern Research Station; Sloan Forest Industries Center at Virginia Tech FX The authors wish to acknowledge the U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station and the Sloan Forest Industries Center at Virginia Tech for financial support, and Dr. John P. Shewchuk, Associate Professor, Industrial and Systems Engineering, for his assistance with model development and validation. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 59 IS 7-8 BP 84 EP 90 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 508VD UT WOS:000270964500013 ER PT J AU Brockway, DG Outcalt, KW Estes, BL Rummer, RB AF Brockway, Dale G. Outcalt, Kenneth W. Estes, Becky L. Rummer, Robert B. TI Vegetation response to midstorey mulching and prescribed burning for wildfire hazard reduction and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem restoration SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL FIRE BEHAVIOR; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; WIREGRASS ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHWEST FLORIDA; TREE MORTALITY; FOREST; DIVERSITY; SANDHILLS; FUELS AB Dense midstorey vegetation, developed during fire exclusion, not only reduces understorey plant diversity and increases the risk of damaging wildfire but also impedes efforts to safely restore prescribed burning in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems. Our study examined the effects of midstorey reduction on stand structure and plant diversity in a forest treated by mulching alone and also when followed by prescribed fire during the winter, spring or summer. For trees >= 5 cm diameter at breast height (d.b.h.), mulching reduced stand density (1220-258 trees ha(-1)) and basal area (24-17.7 m(2) ha(-1)) and increased mean d.b.h. (12.8-29.2 cm), with the largest reductions in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and oaks (Quercus spp. L.). Removing hardwoods and smaller pines resulted in a decline in tree species richness (8.9-4.4). Despite a modest increase in evenness (0.72-0.79), tree species diversity (H' = 1.32-0.84) dynamics were largely driven by changes in richness. While the cover of tree seedlings initially declined from 32.4 to 16.9 per cent, rapid regrowth of hardwoods led to recovery by end of the second growing season. This, along with gains by shrubs, vines, grasses and forbs, resulted in a near doubling of understorey plant cover. Although tree seedling increases were not related to fire season, peak responses occurred for shrubs and vines after winter fire and spring fire, grasses following winter fire and forbs after summer fire. An increase in species richness (18.7-24.5) and decline in species evenness (0.86-0.70) produced only a small increase in understorey species diversity (H' = 2.31-2.45). The greater number of understorey species following treatment were less equitably distributed as a result of differential rates of plant growth. While mulching led to a short-term increase in woody and herbaceous understorey plants, prescribed fire is needed to curtail redevelopment of the woody midstorey and further increase grasses and forbs. C1 [Brockway, Dale G.; Rummer, Robert B.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Outcalt, Kenneth W.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Estes, Becky L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP Brockway, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM dbrockway@fs.fed.us FU US Department of Agriculture; US Department of Interior Joint Fire Sciences Program [99-1-3-06] FX US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Interior Joint Fire Sciences Program (99-1-3-06). NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 43 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JUL PY 2009 VL 82 IS 3 BP 299 EP 314 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpp010 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 463OI UT WOS:000267441100005 ER PT J AU Van Deusen, PC Roesch, FA AF Van Deusen, Paul C. Roesch, Francis A. TI A volume change index for forest growth and sustainability SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; CRITERIA AB A volume change index is suggested that is derived from growth components that can be estimated from remeasured plots. The new index incorporates more information than the traditional growth over removals ratio. The new index directly indicates whether the standing volume will be increasing or decreasing if current conditions persist, whereas the ratio of growth over removals obscures the impact of mortality. The details of estimating the components of growth are discussed with regard to interpreting the new index. The effect of spatial scale on the index is explored and a variance estimator is suggested. The new index is estimated from US Department of Agriculture Forest Service annual inventory data for two example applications. The first application looks at spatial trends in the index. The second application applies the index to a mill working circle. C1 [Van Deusen, Paul C.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Roesch, Francis A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Van Deusen, PC (reprint author), Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, 600 Suffolk St, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM PVanDeusen@ncasi.org NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JUL PY 2009 VL 82 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpp014 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 463OI UT WOS:000267441100006 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. TI Extreme longevity in freshwater mussels revisited: sources of bias in age estimates derived from mark-recapture experiments SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age; longevity; mark-recapture; Unionidae; von Bertalanffy ID MARGARITIFERA-MARGARITIFERA L.; BIVALVE MACOMA-BALTHICA; LIFE-HISTORY; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; ANODONTA-GRANDIS; PEARL MUSSELS; LAMPSILIS-RADIATA; SOUTHERN LIMIT; LENGTH DATA; GROWTH AB 1. There may be bias associated with mark-recapture experiments used to estimate age and growth of freshwater mussels. Using subsets of a mark-recapture dataset for Quadrula pustulosa, I examined how age and growth parameter estimates are affected by (i) the range and skew of the data and (ii) growth reduction due to handling. I compared predictions from von Bertalanffy growth models based on mark-recapture data with direct observation of mussel age and growth inferred from validated shell rings. 2. Growth models based on a dataset that included observations from a wide range of length classes (spanning >= the upper 50% of the population length range) produced only slightly biased age estimates for small and medium-sized individuals (overestimated by 1-2 years relative to estimates from validated shell rings) but estimates became increasingly biased for larger individuals. Growth models using data that included only observations of larger animals (< the upper 50% of length range) overestimated age for all length classes, and estimated maximum age was two to six times greater than the maximum age observed in the population (47 years). Similarly, growth models using a left-skewed dataset overestimated age. 3. Reductions of growth due to repeated handling also resulted in overestimates of age. The estimated age of mussels that were handled in two consecutive years was as much as twice that of mussels that were handled only once over the same period. Assuming a constant reduction in the annual rate of growth, handling an individual for five consecutive years could result in an estimated age that is five times too high. 4. These findings show that mark-recapture methods have serious limitations for estimating mussel age and growth. A previous paper (Freshwater Biology, 46, 2001, 1349) presented longevity estimates for three mussel species that were an order of magnitude higher than estimates inferred from shell rings. Because those estimates of extreme longevity were based on mark-recapture methods and subject to multiple, additive sources of bias, they cannot be considered accurate representations of life span and cannot be used to conclude that traditional methods of bivalve ageing by interpretation of shell rings are flawed. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Forest Hydrol Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Forest Hydrol Lab, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM whaag@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station FX I would like to thank Jason Dunham, David Strayer, Mel Warren, Andrew Rypel and Amy Commens-Carson, who provided helpful comments on a draft version of the paper. Gerard Buskes provided helpful discussion and checked the correct rearrangement of the von-Bertlanffy growth equation. Mickey Bland, Amy Commens-Carson, Leann Staton and Gordon McWhirter provided extensive assistance in the field and laboratory. This study was supported by the U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1474 EP 1486 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02197.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 453UC UT WOS:000266637400007 ER PT J AU Abdurakhmonov, IY Saha, S Jenkins, JN Buriev, ZT Shermatov, SE Scheffler, BE Pepper, AE Yu, JZ Kohel, RJ Abdukarimov, A AF Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim Y. Saha, Sukumar Jenkins, Jonnie N. Buriev, Zabardast T. Shermatov, Shukhrat E. Scheffler, Brain E. Pepper, Alan E. Yu, John Z. Kohel, Russell J. Abdukarimov, Abdusattor TI Linkage disequilibrium based association mapping of fiber quality traits in G-hirsutum L. variety germplasm SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Cotton germplasm; Genetic diversity; Fiber quality; Linkage disequilibrium (LD); Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers; LD-based association mapping ID SPRING BARLEY CULTIVARS; X GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE; MAIZE INBRED LINES; COTTON GOSSYPIUM; GENETIC DIVERSITY; UPLAND COTTON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DOMINANT MARKERS; QTL ANALYSIS; SSR MARKERS AB Cotton is the world's leading cash crop, but it lags behind other major crops for marker-assisted breeding due to limited polymorphisms and a genetic bottleneck through historic domestication. This underlies a need for characterization, tagging, and utilization of existing natural polymorphisms in cotton germplasm collections. Here we report genetic diversity, population characteristics, the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD), and association mapping of fiber quality traits using 202 microsatellite marker primer pairs in 335 G. hirsutum germplasm grown in two diverse environments, Uzbekistan and Mexico. At the significance threshold (r (2) a parts per thousand yen 0.1), a genome-wide average of LD extended up to genetic distance of 25 cM in assayed cotton variety accessions. Genome wide LD at r (2) a parts per thousand yen 0.2 was reduced to similar to 5-6 cM, providing evidence of the potential for association mapping of agronomically important traits in cotton. Results suggest linkage, selection, inbreeding, population stratification, and genetic drift as the potential LD-generating factors in cotton. In two environments, an average of similar to 20 SSR markers was associated with each main fiber quality traits using a unified mixed liner model (MLM) incorporating population structure and kinship. These MLM-derived significant associations were confirmed in general linear model and structured association test, accounting for population structure and permutation-based multiple testing. Several common markers, showing the significant associations in both Uzbekistan and Mexican environments, were determined. Between 7 and 43% of the MLM-derived significant associations were supported by a minimum Bayes factor at 'moderate to strong' and 'strong to very strong' evidence levels, suggesting their usefulness for marker-assisted breeding programs and overall effectiveness of association mapping using cotton germplasm resources. C1 [Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim Y.; Buriev, Zabardast T.; Shermatov, Shukhrat E.; Abdukarimov, Abdusattor] Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Ctr Genom Technol, Tashkent 111226, Uzbekistan. [Saha, Sukumar; Jenkins, Jonnie N.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Scheffler, Brain E.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Pepper, Alan E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Yu, John Z.; Kohel, Russell J.] USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Abdurakhmonov, IY (reprint author), Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Ctr Genom Technol, Tashkent 111226, Uzbekistan. EM ibrokhim_a@yahoo.com RI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/F-5588-2015; OI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/0000-0001-9563-0686; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 95 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD JUL PY 2009 VL 136 IS 3 BP 401 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s10709-008-9337-8 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 451DP UT WOS:000266451200003 PM 19067183 ER PT J AU Clark, CM Hobbie, SE Venterea, R Tilman, D AF Clark, Christopher M. Hobbie, Sarah E. Venterea, Rodney Tilman, David TI Long-lasting effects on nitrogen cycling 12 years after treatments cease despite minimal long-term nitrogen retention SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; nitrogen deposition; net N mineralization; N retention; recovery ID MINNESOTA OLD FIELDS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN; INCREASED DEPOSITION; SATURATED FOREST; GRASSLAND SOILS; PLANT DOMINANCE; UPLAND MOOR; CARBON; INPUT AB Atmospheric deposition of biologically active nitrogen (N) has increased dramatically over the past 60 years, with far-reaching impacts on the structure and function of many ecosystems. Much research has examined the initial impacts of N enrichment; however, few studies have been multidecadal, and even fewer long-term studies have examined the longevity of N-induced impacts on N cycling after inputs cease. Here, we address this gap by reporting the state of key N pools and fluxes in a Minnesota grassland for plots that received N addition for 10 years and then none for 12 years, in comparison with plots that received annual N treatment for the entire 22 years. We found weak evidence for long-term N retention in plots that ceased receiving treatment; and in plots that continued to receive N over the 22-year period, retention that was high after 12 years (50-100% of inputs) was greatly reduced after 22 years (to 15%). In spite of this, net N mineralization rates remained elevated in plots that ceased receiving treatment 12 years prior, likely because N-rich litter maintained higher N-cycling rates. These results suggest (1) some systems do not retain much deposited N, with potentially large impacts on downstream habitats; (2) the previously reported high retention efficiencies for this and many other terrestrial ecosystems may be relatively short-lived as N sinks become saturated over time; and (3) the effects of even small amounts of retained N in N-limited environments may be particularly long-lasting. In total, these findings highlight the importance of long-term studies in evaluating the impacts of chronic N deposition to ecosystems, and urge additional research examining dynamics following N cessation to evaluate the reversibility of these impacts. C1 [Clark, Christopher M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hobbie, Sarah E.; Tilman, David] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Venterea, Rodney] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Clark, CM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Chris.M.Clark@asu.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; OI Hobbie, Sarah/0000-0001-5159-031X FU NSF/DEB [0080382]; Andrew Mellon Foundation FX We thank Troy Mielke, Jenia Mannery, Shiona Drummer, Colleen Pelak, and many other Cedar Creek interns for their field help, Steve Bauer for laboratory assistance, and NSF/DEB 0080382, and the Andrew Mellon Foundation for their support in making this work possible. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1755 EP 1766 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01811.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 454RK UT WOS:000266700000014 ER PT J AU Efombagn, MIB Sounigo, O Eskes, AB Motamayor, JC Manzanares-Dauleux, MJ Schnell, R Nyasse, S AF Efombagn, M. I. B. Sounigo, O. Eskes, A. B. Motamayor, J. C. Manzanares-Dauleux, M. J. Schnell, R. Nyasse, S. TI Parentage analysis and outcrossing patterns in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) farms in Cameroon SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE cacao; biclonal seed gardens; farm; outcrossing; breeding ID N INDEPENDENT LOCI; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ALLELIC RICHNESS; INCOMPATIBILITY; MICROSATELLITES; INFERENCE; COCOA; MODEL AB The present study investigates the parentage of farm accessions in Cameroon using data from 12 microsatellite loci. Bayesian analysis suggests that 25.5% of the 400 farm accessions studied is still closely related to the traditional Amelonado variety called 'German Cocoa' by the farmers. Another 46.3% of the farm accessions were found to be direct descendants (20.8% first-generation (F1) hybrids and 25.5% selfed genotypes) from 24 parental clones used in biclonal seed gardens (BSGs) established in the 1970s in southern and western Cameroon. Furthermore, 28.3% of farm accessions appeared to descent from uncontrolled pollination events in cacao farms, which could be related to a common practice of cacao growers to use seeds collected in their own farm for new plantings. All farm accessions descending from BSG could be individually related through parentage analysis to the 24 progenitors of the BSG. Only 25% of progenies distributed from BSG corresponded to F1 hybrids combinations originally planned to be released. Significant biparental inbreeding estimates were observed for all 'traditional' farms and for most 'F1 hybrids' farms due to presence of a high proportion of selfed accessions. Biparental inbreeding occurs when plants receive pollen from genetically related neighbors. High levels of outcrossing observed in 'mixed' farms might be explained by the admixture of traditional varieties and BSG progenies. The implications of our finding for management of seed gardens and for further breeding using farm accessions in Cameroon are discussed. Heredity (2009) 103, 46-53; doi: 10.1038/hdy.2009.30; published online 1 April 2009 C1 [Efombagn, M. I. B.; Nyasse, S.] Inst Agr Res Dev, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Sounigo, O.] CIRAD BIOs, UPR31, Montpellier, France. [Eskes, A. B.] Biodivers Int, Montpellier, France. [Motamayor, J. C.] MARS Inc, USDA ARS SHRS, Miami, FL USA. [Manzanares-Dauleux, M. J.] Agrocampus Rennes APBV, INRA, UMR, Le Rheu, France. [Schnell, R.] USDA ARS SHRS, Miami, FL USA. RP Efombagn, MIB (reprint author), Inst Agr Res Dev, POB 2067 2123, Yaounde, Cameroon. EM efombagn@yahoo.fr RI martel, celine/M-9779-2014 OI martel, celine/0000-0002-1800-4558 FU West Africa Cocoa Diversity Project (IITA/USAID); CFC/ICCO/ Bioversity project; Mars Inc FX This work was part of the PhD thesis of the first author. This study was partially funded by the West Africa Cocoa Diversity Project (IITA/USAID), the CFC/ICCO/ Bioversity project entitled 'Cacao Productivity and Quality Improvement, a Participatory Approach' and Mars Inc. We acknowledge the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Cameroon, for authorizing the publication of this article. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JUL PY 2009 VL 103 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1038/hdy.2009.30 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 459GF UT WOS:000267088700007 PM 19337305 ER PT J AU Terashima, N Akiyama, T Ralph, S Evtuguin, D Neto, CP Parkas, J Paulsson, M Westermark, U Ralph, J AF Terashima, Noritsugu Akiyama, Takuya Ralph, Sally Evtuguin, Dmitry Pascoal Neto, Carlos Parkas, Jim Paulsson, Magnus Westermark, Ulla Ralph, John TI 2D-NMR (HSQC) difference spectra between specifically C-13-enriched and unenriched protolignin of Ginkgo biloba obtained in the solution state of whole cell wall material SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE carbon-13 enrichment; carbon-13-NMR spectroscopy; dehydrogenation polymer (DHP); 2D-difference NMR spectroscopy; ginkgo; protolignin ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SIDE-CHAIN CARBONS; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; PART 1; LIGNIFICATION; GLUCOSIDES; ENRICHMENT; CONIFERIN; SPRUCE AB In the structural analysis of lignins by C-13-NMR, signal overlap limits definitive assignment and accurate intensity measurement. Selective labeling by C-13-enrichment of a specific carbon in lignin enhances its signal intensity in the spectrum. Further enhancement of the specifically labeled carbons can be realized via difference spectra created from the enriched and unenriched samples. Difference 2D C-13-H-1 correlation (HSQC) NMR spectra, derived from the spectra of specifically C-13-enriched lignin model polymers (so-called dehydrogenation polymers) and their unenriched counterparts, take advantage of the enhanced dispersion afforded by both C-13 and H-1 chemical shifts, diminishing the difficulties arising from the signal-overlap problem and aiding in definitive signal assignments. In this research, protolignin in xylem cell walls was specifically C-13-enriched at all of the individual phenylpropanoid side-chain carbons by feeding C-13-enriched coniferins to growing stems of Ginkgo biloba. The whole xylem fractions containing C-13-enriched and unenriched protolignins were dissolved in a mixture of N-methylimidazole and DMSO, and then acetylated. Solution state 2D-NMR (HSQC) spectra of the acetylated whole cell wall were acquired. Difference spectra between the walls containing C-13-enriched and unenriched lignins afforded simplified 2D spectra in which well-separated signals were assigned exclusively to the specifically enriched carbons. This novel NMR technique provides a useful tool for elucidation of entire protolignin in the cell wall of ginkgo xylem. C1 [Akiyama, Takuya; Ralph, John] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, Sally] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Evtuguin, Dmitry; Pascoal Neto, Carlos] Univ Aveiro, Dept Chem, CICECO, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal. [Parkas, Jim; Paulsson, Magnus] Chalmers, Dept Forest Prod & Chem Engn, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Parkas, Jim] Sodra Cell AB, R&D, Varobacka, Sweden. [Paulsson, Magnus] EKA Chem AB, Bohus, Sweden. [Westermark, Ulla] Lulea Univ Technol, Skelleftea, Sweden. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Terashima, N (reprint author), 2-610 Uedayama,Tenpaku, Nagoya, Aichi 4680001, Japan. EM norteras@quartz.ocn.ne.jp RI NETO, CARLOS/C-8625-2011; OI NETO, CARLOS/0000-0002-8562-9275; Evtuguin, Dmitry/0000-0002-6304-5105 FU FCT, Portugal; Stiftelsen Nils och Dorthi Troedssons Forsknings-fond, Sweden; DOE [DE-AI02-00ER15067] FX The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from FCT, Portugal and Stiftelsen Nils och Dorthi Troedssons Forsknings-fond, Sweden, and through the DOE Energy Biosciences program (# DE-AI02-00ER15067 to J. R.). NMR experiments on the Bruker DMX-500 cryoprobe system availed of the use of the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (www.nmrfam.wisc.edu). NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 25 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD JUL PY 2009 VL 63 IS 4 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1515/HF.2009.074 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 465HK UT WOS:000267573200001 ER PT J AU Qin, B Dawson, H Polansky, MM Anderson, RA AF Qin, B. Dawson, H. Polansky, M. M. Anderson, R. A. TI Cinnamon Extract Attenuates TNF-alpha-induced Intestinal Lipoprotein ApoB48 Overproduction by Regulating Inflammatory, Insulin, and Lipoprotein Pathways in Enterocytes SO HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cinnamon extract; TNF-alpha; chylomicrons; intestinal gene expression ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; METABOLIC SYNDROME; DIABETES-MELLITUS; HUMAN OBESITY; ANIMAL-MODEL; RESISTANCE; TYPE-2; DYSLIPIDEMIA AB We have previously reported that the obesity-associated proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha, stimulates the overproduction of intestinal apolipoprotein (apo) B48 containing lipoproteins. In the current study, we have evaluated whether a water-soluble cinnamon extract [CE (Cinnulin PF (R))] attenuates the dyslipidemia induced by TNF-alpha in Triton WR-1339 treated hamsters, and whether CE inhibits the oversecrection of apoB48-induced by TNF-alpha in enterocytes in a (35)S labeling study. In vivo, oral treatment of Cinnulin PF (R) (50mg per kg BW), inhibited the postprandial overproduction of apoB48-containing lipoproteins and serum triglyceride levels. In ex vivo (35)S labeling studies, CE (10 and 20 mu g/ml) inhibited the oversecretion of apoB48 induced by TNF-alpha treated enterocytes into the media. To determine the molecular mechanisms, TNF-alpha treated primary enterocytes isolated from chow-fed hamsters, were incubated with CE (10 mu g/ml), and the expression of the inflammatory factor genes, IL1-beta ,IL-6, and TNF-alpha, insulin signaling pathway genes, insulin receptor (IR), IRS1, IRS2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), Akt1 and phosphatase and tensin homology (PTEN), as well as the key regulators of lipid metabolism, Cluster of differentiation (CD)36, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c were evaluated. Quantitative real-time PCR assays showed that CE treatment decreased the mRNA expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, improved the mRNA expression of IR, IRS1, IRS2, PI3K and Akt1, inhibited CD36, MTTP, and PTEN, and enhanced the impaired SREBP-1 c expression in TNF-alpha treated enterocytes. These data suggest that a water extract of cinnamon reverses TNF-alpha-induced overproduction of intestinal apoB48 by regulating gene expression involving inflammatory, insulin, and lipoprotein signaling pathways. In conclusion, Cinulin PF (R) improves inflammation related intestinal dyslipidemia. C1 [Qin, B.; Dawson, H.; Polansky, M. M.; Anderson, R. A.] ARS, USDA, BHNRC, DGIL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Qin, B.] Integr Nutraceut Int, Springhill, TN 37174 USA. RP Qin, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, DGIL, Bldg 307C,Rm 215,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bolin.Qin@ars.usda.gov; Richard.Anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 FU Integrity Nutraceuticals International; USDA [58-3K95-7-1184] FX The project was supported by Integrity Nutraceuticals International and USDA'S CRADA NO. 58-3K95-7-1184. We would like to thank Dr. Joseph F. Urban Jr. and Dr. Allison A. Yates for critically reading the manuscript. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0018-5043 J9 HORM METAB RES JI Horm. Metab. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 41 IS 7 BP 516 EP 522 DI 10.1055/s-0029-1202813 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 479DP UT WOS:000268640200002 PM 19593846 ER PT J AU Bassil, N AF Bassil, Nahla TI Standardized Phenotyping: Advantages to Horticulture SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Bassil, Nahla] NCGR, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 975 EP 975 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700012 ER PT J AU Postman, J Aldwinckle, H Volk, G AF Postman, J. Aldwinckle, Herb Volk, Gayle TI Standardized Plant Disease Evaluations Will Enhance Resistance Gene Discovery SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Postman, J.] NCGR, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. [Aldwinckle, Herb] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Volk, Gayle] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM Joseph.Postman@ars.usda.gov; hsa1@cornell.edu; gvolk@lamar.colostate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 975 EP 975 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700013 ER PT J AU Rudell, D AF Rudell, David TI Standardizing Postharvest Quality and Biochemical Phenotyping for Precise Population Comparison SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Rudell, David] USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA USA. EM rudell@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 975 EP 975 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700014 ER PT J AU Volk, G AF Volk, Gayle TI Advantages for the Use of Standardized Phenotyping in the National Plant Germplasm System SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Volk, Gayle] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM gvolk@lamar.colostate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 976 EP 976 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700016 ER PT J AU Mou, BQ AF Mou, Beiquan TI Asia's Indigenous Horticultural Crops SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Mou, Beiquan] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. EM beiquan.mou@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 979 EP 980 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700034 ER PT J AU Byers, P Thomas, A Avery, J Finn, C Perkins-Veazie, P Li-Johnson, HY Gu, S AF Byers, Patrick Thomas, Andrew Avery, John Finn, Chad Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Li-Johnson, Hwei-Yiing Gu, Sanjun TI Elderberry Research and Development in Missouri SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Byers, Patrick] Greene Cty Extens Off, Springfield, MO USA. [Thomas, Andrew] Univ Missouri, Mt Vernon, MO USA. [Avery, John] Missouri State Univ, Mt Grove, MO USA. [Finn, Chad] USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR USA. [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope] N Carolina State Univ, Kannapolis, NC USA. [Li-Johnson, Hwei-Yiing; Gu, Sanjun] Lincoln Univ, Jefferson City, MO USA. EM byerspl@missouri.edu; thomasal@missouri.edu; JohnAvery@MissouriState.edu; Chad.Finn@Ars.usda.gov; penelope_perkins@ncsu.edu; johnsonh@lincolnu.edu; sanjun.gu@lincolnu.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 982 EP 982 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700046 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE AF Hummer, Kim E. TI Rubus Pharmacology: Antiquity to the Present SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Hummer, Kim E.] USDA ARS NCGR, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 985 EP 985 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700058 ER PT J AU Fazio, G Volder, A AF Fazio, Gennaro Volder, Astrid TI Genetic Control of Root Architecture, Physiology and Disease Resistance Traits SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Fazio, Gennaro] USDA ARS, Geneva, NY USA. [Volder, Astrid] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. EM gf35@cornell.edu; a-volder@ag.tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 986 EP 986 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700065 ER PT J AU Fazio, G Kviklys, D Robinson, T AF Fazio, Gennaro Kviklys, Darius Robinson, Terence TI QTL Mapping of Root Architectural Traits in Apple Rootstocks SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Fazio, Gennaro] USDA ARS, Geneva, NY USA. [Kviklys, Darius] Lithuanian Inst Hort, Babtai, Lithuania. [Robinson, Terence] Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY USA. EM gf35@cornell.edu; d.kviklys@lsdi.lt; tlr1@cornell.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 986 EP 987 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700067 ER PT J AU Bradford, JM Zibilske, LM AF Bradford, Joe M. Zibilske, Larry M. TI Organic Production of Pecans SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Bradford, Joe M.; Zibilske, Larry M.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM joe.bradford@ars.usda.gov; larry.zibilske@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 990 EP 991 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700084 ER PT J AU Farnham, M AF Farnham, Mark TI Current Trends and Issues in IP Protection In the Biological Sciences SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Farnham, Mark] USDA ARS, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 995 EP 995 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700103 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, M AF Ehlenfeldt, Mark TI Interspecific Hybrid Fruit Crops: Their Creation and Utilization SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Ehlenfeldt, Mark] USDA ARS, Chatsworth, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 998 EP 998 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700113 ER PT J AU Stringer, S AF Stringer, Stephen TI Grape Hybridization SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Stringer, Stephen] USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. EM sjstringer@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 998 EP 999 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700115 ER PT J AU Finn, C AF Finn, Chad TI Rubus Hybridization SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Finn, Chad] HCRL, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. EM Chad.Finn@Ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 999 EP 999 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700117 ER PT J AU Deyton, D Sams, C Takeda, F Cummins, JC AF Deyton, Dennis Sams, Carl Takeda, Fumiomi Cummins, John C. TI Off-season Greenhouse Strawberry Production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Deyton, Dennis; Sams, Carl; Cummins, John C.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Takeda, Fumiomi] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM deytond@utk.edu; carlsams@utk.edu; Fumi.Takeda@ars.usda.gov; Recon77@utk.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1002 EP 1002 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700123 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, M Polashock, JJ Stretch, AW Kramer, M AF Ehlenfeldt, Mark Polashock, James J. Stretch, Allan W. Kramer, Matthew TI Mummy Berry Fruit Rot and Shoot Blight Incidence in Blueberry: What Length of Evaluation Is Needed for Reliable Disease Assessment? SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Ehlenfeldt, Mark; Polashock, James J.; Stretch, Allan W.] USDA ARS, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Lab, Chatsworth, NJ USA. [Kramer, Matthew] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. EM ehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov; polashock@ars.usda.gov; stretch@ars.usda.gov; matt.kramer@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1002 EP 1002 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700122 ER PT J AU Sood, P Etxeberria, E Narciso, J Ference, C AF Sood, Preeti Etxeberria, Ed Narciso, Jan Ference, Chris TI Laser Labeling and Its Effect on the Storage Quality of Citrus Fruits SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Etxeberria, Ed] Univ Florida, Lake Alfred, FL USA. [Narciso, Jan] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. EM preeti.sood@ufl.edu; eje@crec.ifas.ufl.edu; jan.narciso@ars.usda.gov; chris.ference@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1004 EP 1004 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700129 ER PT J AU Johnson, HYL Li, RF Hu, JG AF Johnson, Hwei-Yiing Li Li, Ruifen Hu, Jinguo TI Assessing Genetic Relationship among Scented Geraniums (Pelargonium sp.) with TRAP Markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Johnson, Hwei-Yiing Li; Li, Ruifen] Lincoln Univ, Jefferson City, MO USA. [Hu, Jinguo] ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. EM johnsonh@lincolnu.edu; liruifen@yahoo.com; Jinguo.Hu@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1006 EP 1006 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700135 ER PT J AU Arias, R Techen, N Rinehart, T Olsen, R Kirkbride, JH Scheffler, BE AF Arias, Renee Techen, Natascha Rinehart, Timothy Olsen, Richard Kirkbride, Joseph H. Scheffler, Brian E. TI Development of SSR Markers for Chionanthus retusus (Oleaceae) and Cross Amplification of Closely Related Taxa SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Arias, Renee; Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Techen, Natascha] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy] USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. [Olsen, Richard; Kirkbride, Joseph H.] US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC USA. EM Arias@ars.usda.gov; ntechen@olemiss.edu; tim.rinehart@ars.usda.gov; richard.olsen@ars.usda.gov; joseph.kirkbride@ars.usda.gov; brian.scheffler@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1007 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700137 ER PT J AU Kirker, G Rinehart, T Sampson, B AF Kirker, Grant Rinehart, Tim Sampson, Blair TI Genetic Diversity Within and Between Nursery Populations of Paria fragariae Species Complex and Implications for Insecticide Resistance SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Kirker, Grant; Rinehart, Tim; Sampson, Blair] USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. EM grant.kirker@ars.usda.gov; Tim.Rinehart@ars.usda.gov; Blair.Sampson@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1009 EP 1009 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700143 ER PT J AU Particka, M Walters, T Pinkerton, JN Zasada, I AF Particka, Michael Walters, Thomas Pinkerton, John N. Zasada, Inga TI Alternatives to Methyl Bromide for Raspberry Nurseries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Particka, Michael; Walters, Thomas] Washington State Univ, Mt Vernon, IA USA. [Pinkerton, John N.; Zasada, Inga] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. EM mparticka@wsu.edu; twwalters@wsu.edu; jack.pinkerton@ars.usda.gov; inga.zasada@ars.usda.gov RI Walters, Thomas/G-1348-2010 OI Walters, Thomas/0000-0002-2938-8542 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1009 EP 1009 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700144 ER PT J AU Mou, BQ AF Mou, Beiquan TI Inheritance of Resistance to Leafminer and Downy Mildew in a Wild Relative of Lettuce Lactuca saligna SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Mou, Beiquan] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. EM beiquan.mou@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1010 EP 1010 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700147 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP AF Schreiner, R. Paul TI Does Foliar-applied Phosphorus Influence Vine P Status, Mycorrhizal Fungi, or Fruit Yield and Quality of 'Pinot Noir' Grapevines? SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Schreiner, R. Paul] USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR USA. EM paul.schreiner@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1011 EP 1011 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700150 ER PT J AU Bowman, KD McCollum, G Niedz, R Stover, E Albrecht, U Stange, R AF Bowman, Kim D. McCollum, Greg Niedz, Randall Stover, Ed Albrecht, Ute Stange, Ric TI Development of Citrus Cultivars Resistant to Huanglongbing Disease by Transformation with AMP Genes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Bowman, Kim D.; McCollum, Greg; Niedz, Randall; Stover, Ed; Albrecht, Ute; Stange, Ric] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM kim.bowman@ars.usda.gov; greg.mccollum@ars.usda.gov; randall.niedz@ars.usda.gov; ed.stover@ars.usda.gov; ute.albrecht@ars.usda.gov; ric.stange@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1012 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700154 ER PT J AU Wood, B Heerema, R AF Wood, Bruce Heerema, Richard TI ReTain Can Increase Nutmeat Yield of Pecan Trees SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Wood, Bruce] USDA ARS, Byron, GA USA. [Heerema, Richard] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM Bruce.Wood@ars.usda.gov; rjheerem@nmsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1012 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700153 ER PT J AU Farnham, M Kopsell, D AF Farnham, Mark Kopsell, Dean TI Genotype and Environment Effects on Carotenoid Content of Broccoli SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Farnham, Mark] USDA ARS, Charleston, SC USA. [Kopsell, Dean] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. EM mark.farnham@ars.usda.gov; dkopsell@utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1018 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700171 ER PT J AU Weng, YQ AF Weng, Yiqun TI Genetic Diversity of USDA Cucumis metuliferus Collection Revealed by Cucumber Genomic Microsatellite Markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Weng, Yiqun] USDA ARS, Maddison, WI USA. EM Yiqun.Weng@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1017 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700169 ER PT J AU Dossett, M Finn, C AF Dossett, Michael Finn, Chad TI Resistance to the Large Raspberry Aphid (Amphorophora agathonica) in Black Raspberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Dossett, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Finn, Chad] USDA ARS HCRL, Corvallis, OR USA. EM dossettrn@onid.orst.edu; Chad.Finn@Ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1018 EP 1018 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700173 ER PT J AU Andiru, GA Pasian, C Frantz, J Jones, M AF Andiru, Gladys Anguti Pasian, Claudio Frantz, Jonathan Jones, Michelle TI Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer on the Post-production Performance of Impatiens wallerana SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Andiru, Gladys Anguti; Pasian, Claudio; Jones, Michelle] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan] USDA ARS, Toledo, OH USA. EM gandiru@yahoo.com; pasian.l@osu.edu; jonathan.frantz@utoledo.edu; jones1968@osu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1019 EP 1019 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700175 ER PT J AU Jeong, KY Hesterberg, D Nelson, P Frantz, J AF Jeong, Ka Yeon Hesterberg, Dean Nelson, Paul Frantz, Jonathan TI Predicting Calcite (CaCO3) Requirements of Sphagnum Peat Moss from pH Titration Curves SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Jeong, Ka Yeon; Hesterberg, Dean; Nelson, Paul] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan] USDA ARS, Toledo, OH USA. EM kyjeong@ncsu.edu; sscdlh@ncsu.edu; paul.nelson@ncsu.edu; jonathan.frantz@utoledo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1020 EP 1020 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700179 ER PT J AU Bausher, MG AF Bausher, Michael G. TI Commercial Tomato Rootstock Performance When Exposed to Natural Populations of Root-Knot Nematodes in Florida SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Bausher, Michael G.] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM michael.bausher@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1021 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700181 ER PT J AU Bousselot, JM Muenchrath, DA Knapp, AD Reeder, JD AF Bousselot, Jennifer M. Muenchrath, Deborah A. Knapp, Allen D. Reeder, Jean D. TI Emergence and Seedling Characteristics of Native American Maize from the Southwestern United States SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Bousselot, Jennifer M.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Muenchrath, Deborah A.; Knapp, Allen D.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Reeder, Jean D.] USDA ARS, Windsor, CO USA. EM jmbouss@rams.colostate.edu; mnchrath@iastate.edu; adknapp@iastate.edu; jjbreeder@comcast.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1021 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700182 ER PT J AU Jeliazkov, V Cantrell, C Jeliazkov, V AF Jeliazkov (Zheljakov), Valtcho Cantrell, Charles Jeliazkov, Valtcho TI Harvesting and Drying Effect on Oil Yield and Composition of Four Mint Genotypes Grown in Mississippi SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Jeliazkov (Zheljakov), Valtcho; Jeliazkov, Valtcho] Mississippi State Univ, Verona, MS USA. [Cantrell, Charles] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu; clcantr1@olemiss.edu; vj40@pss.msstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1026 EP 1026 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700197 ER PT J AU Wetzstein, H Janick, J Ferreira, JFS AF Wetzstein, Hazel Janick, Jules Ferreira, Jorge F. S. TI Flower Morphology and Development in Artemisia annua, a Medicinal Plant Used as a Treatment Against Malaria SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Wetzstein, Hazel] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Janick, Jules] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ferreira, Jorge F. S.] ARS, USDA, Beaver, WV USA. EM hywetz@uga.edu; janick@purdue.edu; jorge.ferreira@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1026 EP 1026 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700196 ER PT J AU Cerven, V Zheljazkov, VD Cantrell, C Ebelhar, MW Rowe, D Jeliazkov, VD AF Cerven, Vasile Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Cantrell, Charles Ebelhar, M. Wayne Rowe, Dennis Jeliazkov, VaItcho D. TI Peppermint Productivity and Composition In Mississippi as a Function of Cutting Date and N Rates SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] N Mississippi Res & Ext Ctr, Verona, MS USA. [Cantrell, Charles] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. [Rowe, Dennis] Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS USA. [Jeliazkov, VaItcho D.] Mississippi State Univ, Verona, MS USA. EM vc116@msstate.edu; vj40@pss.msstate.edu; clcantr1@olemiss.edu; ebelhar@drec.msstate.edu; drowe@pss.msstate.edu; vj40@pss.msstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1027 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700200 ER PT J AU Shock, C Feibert, EBG Saunders, LD Shaw, NL Sampangi, RK Mohan, SK AF Shock, Clinton Feibert, Erik B. G. Saunders, Lamont D. Shaw, Nancy L. Sampangi, Ram K. Mohan, S. Krishna TI Desert Parsley (Lomatium spp.) Seed Production Challenges SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Shock, Clinton; Feibert, Erik B. G.; Saunders, Lamont D.] Oregon State Univ, Ontario, OR USA. [Shaw, Nancy L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Boise, ID USA. [Sampangi, Ram K.; Mohan, S. Krishna] Univ Idaho, Parma, ID USA. EM clinton.shock@oregonstate.edu; erik.feibert@oregonstate.edu; monty.saunders@oregonstate.edu; nshaw@fs.fed.us; sampangi@uidaho.edu; kmohan@uidaho.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1027 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700199 ER PT J AU Vaughn, S Deppe, NA Moser, BR AF Vaughn, Steven Deppe, Nathan A. Moser, Bryan R. TI Evaluation of Several Horticultural Plants as Biodiesel Crops SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Vaughn, Steven; Deppe, Nathan A.; Moser, Bryan R.] USDA ARS, Peoria, IL USA. EM Steven.Vaughn@ars.usda.gov; Nathan.Deppe@ars.usda.gov; Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1031 EP 1031 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700210 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC Grimm, CC Stein, RE Amaro, AL Almeida, D AF Beaulieu, John C. Grimm, Casey C. Stein, Rebecca E. Amaro, Ana L. Almeida, Domingos TI Comparison of Characteristic Flavor and Aroma Volatiles in Melons and Standards Using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) with GC-MS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Beaulieu, John C.; Grimm, Casey C.; Stein, Rebecca E.] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. [Amaro, Ana L.] Univ Catolica Portuguesa, Escola Super Biotecnol, P-420072 Oporto, Portugal. [Almeida, Domingos] Univ Porto, P-4099002 Oporto, Portugal. EM John.Beaulieu@ars.usda.gov; casey.grimm@ars.usda.gov; rebecca.stein@ars.usda.gov; analuisaamaro@gmail.com; dalmeida@fc.up.pt RI Almeida, Domingos/F-1835-2010 OI Almeida, Domingos/0000-0001-8429-8585 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1048 EP 1049 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700265 ER PT J AU Bai, JH Baldwin, E Imahori, Y AF Bai, Jinhe Baldwin, Elizabeth Imahori, Yoshihiro TI Effect of Chilling and Heating Treatment on Production of Volatiles from Lipids via Oxidation in Tomatoes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Bai, Jinhe; Baldwin, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. [Imahori, Yoshihiro] Osaka Pref Univ, Sch Agr, Osaka 5998531, Japan. EM jinhe.bai@ars.usda.gov; liz.baldwin@ars.usda.gov; imahori@plant.osakafu-u.ac.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1058 EP 1058 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700291 ER PT J AU Vinson, E Woods, F Perkins-Veazie, P Kemble, J Davis, A Foshee, W Kessler, R Burkett, J AF Vinson, Edgar Woods, Floyd Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Kemble, Joseph Davis, Angela Foshee, Wheeler Kessler, Raymond Burkett, Jason TI Effects of Season and Cultivar Selection on External Maturity Indicators in Personal-size Seedless Watermelons SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Vinson, Edgar; Woods, Floyd; Kemble, Joseph; Foshee, Wheeler; Kessler, Raymond; Burkett, Jason] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope] N Carolina State Univ, Kannapolis, NC USA. [Davis, Angela] USDA ARS, S Cent Ag Res Lab, Lane, OK USA. EM vinsoed@auburn.edu; woodsfm@acesag.auburn.edu; penelope_perkins@ncsu.edu; kembljm@auburn.edu; angela.davis@lane-ag.org; aucurculio@yahoo.com; kessljr@auburn.edu; burkeje@auburn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1059 EP 1059 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700293 ER PT J AU Bi, GH Scagel, C AF Bi, Guihong Scagel, Carolyn TI Effects of Chemical Defoliants, Urea, and GA on Defoliation and Plant Performance of Hydrangeas SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Bi, Guihong] Mississippi State Univ, Crystal Springs, MS USA. [Scagel, Carolyn] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. EM gb250@msstate.edu; scagelc@onid.orst.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1061 EP 1061 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700300 ER PT J AU Owen, J Altland, J Scagel, C Stoven, H Horneck, D Frantz, J AF Owen, Jim Altland, James Scagel, Carolyn Stoven, Heather Horneck, Don Frantz, Jonathan TI Quantifying Winter Discharge of Controlled Release Fertilizers to Determine Environmental Impact and Plant Uptake SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Owen, Jim] Oregon State Univ, Aurora, OR USA. [Horneck, Don] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston, OR USA. [Altland, James] USDA ARS, Wooster, OH USA. [Scagel, Carolyn] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. [Stoven, Heather] N Willamette Res & Ext Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. [Frantz, Jonathan] USDA ARS, Toledo, OH USA. EM jim.owen@oregonstate.edu; james.altland@ars.usda.gov; scagelc@onid.orst.edu; heather.stoven@oregonstate.edu; don.horneck@oregonstate.edu; jonathan.frantz@utoledo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1064 EP 1064 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700309 ER PT J AU Williams, M AF Williams, Martin TI Weed Management in Sweet Corn: What's Working and What's Not? SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Williams, Martin] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1066 EP 1067 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700315 ER PT J AU Coggeshall, M van Sambeek, JW Warmund, MR AF Coggeshall, Mark van Sambeek, J. W. Warmund, Michele R. TI Defining Post-flood Survival of Planted Oak Seedlings Using Odds Ratios SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Coggeshall, Mark; Warmund, Michele R.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. [van Sambeek, J. W.] US Forest Serv, Columbia, MO USA. EM coggeshallm@missouri.edu; jvansambeek@fs.fed.us; warmundm@missouri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1080 EP 1080 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700356 ER PT J AU Carter, CT Grieve, C AF Carter, Christy T. Grieve, Catherine TI Growth and Salinity Tolerance of Zinnia elegans When Irrigated with Wastewater from Two Distinct Growing Regions in California SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Carter, Christy T.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Grieve, Catherine] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. EM ctcarter@tntech.edu; cgrieve@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1083 EP 1083 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700362 ER PT J AU Wang, C AF Wang, Chien TI Maintaining Quality and Reducing Decay of Berry Fruits with Plant Volatile Oils SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Wang, Chien] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. EM chienyi.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1086 EP 1086 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700373 ER PT J AU Njuguna, W Hummer, KE Bassil, N AF Njuguna, Wambui Hummer, Kim E. Bassil, Nahla TI DNA Barcoding in Fragaria Species SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Njuguna, Wambui] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hummer, Kim E.; Bassil, Nahla] USDA ARS NCGR, Corvallis, OR USA. EM njugunaw@onid.orst.edu; Kim.Hummer@ars.usda.gov; bassiln@hort.oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1090 EP 1090 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700385 ER PT J AU Johnson-Cicalese, J Vorsa, N Polashock, JJ AF Johnson-Cicalese, Jennifer Vorsa, Nicholi Polashock, James J. TI Fruit-Rot Resistance in the American Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Johnson-Cicalese, Jennifer; Vorsa, Nicholi] Rutgers State Univ, Chatsworth, NJ USA. [Polashock, James J.] USDA ARS, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Lab, Chatsworth, NJ USA. EM jenjc@aesop.rutgers.edu; vorsa@aesop.rutgers.edu; james.polashock@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1091 EP 1091 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700387 ER PT J AU Rowland, L Ehlenfeldt, M Ogden, E Philips, J Glenn, DM Takeda, F AF Rowland, Lisa Ehlenfeldt, Mark Ogden, Elizabeth Philips, John Glenn, D. Michael Takeda, Fumiomi TI Two Methods for Assessing Frost Tolerance in Flowers of Highbush Blueberry Cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Rowland, Lisa; Ogden, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Ehlenfeldt, Mark] USDA ARS, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Lab, Chatsworth, NJ USA. [Philips, John] USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Glenn, D. Michael; Takeda, Fumiomi] USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV USA. EM jeannine.rowland@ars.usda.gov; mark.ehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov; elizabeth.ogden@ars.usda.gov; john.Phillips@ars.usda.gov; michael.glenn@ars.usda.gov; fumi.takeda@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1091 EP 1092 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700389 ER PT J AU Stegmeir, T Warner, RM Finn, C Hancock, J AF Stegmeir, Travis Warner, Ryan M. Finn, Chad Hancock, James TI Performance of an Elite Strawberry Population Derived from Wild Germplasm of Fragaria chiloensis and F. virginiana SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Stegmeir, Travis; Warner, Ryan M.; Hancock, James] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Finn, Chad] USDA ARS HCRL, Corvallis, OR USA. EM stegmeir@msu.edu; warnerry@msu.edu; Chad.Finn@Ars.usda.gov; hancock@msu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1091 EP 1091 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700388 ER PT J AU Dossett, M Bassil, N Lewers, K Finn, C AF Dossett, Michael Bassil, Nahla Lewers, Kim Finn, Chad TI Transferability of Rubus Microsatellite Markers for Use in Black Raspberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Dossett, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bassil, Nahla] USDA ARS NCGR, Corvallis, OR USA. [Lewers, Kim] USDA ARS BARC, Beltsville, MD USA. [Finn, Chad] USDA ARS HCRL, Corvallis, OR USA. EM dossettm@onid.orst.edu; bassiln@hort.oregonstate.edu; Kim.Lewers@ars.usda.gov; Chad.Finn@Ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1092 EP 1092 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700390 ER PT J AU Makus, D Jifon, JL AF Makus, Donald Jifon, John L. TI Third Season Performance of Synthetic Ground Covers in Blackberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Makus, Donald] USDA ARS, IF & NR, Weslaco, TX USA. [Jifon, John L.] Texas AgriLife Res Weslaco, Weslaco, TX USA. EM dmakus@weslaco.ars.usda.gov; jifon@tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1098 EP 1099 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700412 ER PT J AU Irish, B Goenaga, R Reed, B AF Irish, Brian Goenaga, Ricardo Reed, Barbara TI Amending Storage Vessel and Media Improves Subculture Interval of Musa sp Tissue Culture Plantlets SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Irish, Brian; Goenaga, Ricardo] USDA ARS, TARS, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Reed, Barbara] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. EM brian.irish@ars.usda.gov; Ricardo.Goenaga@ars.usda.gov; reedbm@science.orst.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1103 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700426 ER PT J AU Thomas, KL Pizzolato, TD Kramer, JM Pope, CR Polashock, JJ Kitto, S AF Thomas, Kate L. Pizzolato, Thompson D. Kramer, Joanne M. Pope, Conrad R. Polashock, James J. Kitto, Sherry TI Histological Analysis of Blueberry Regeneration SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Thomas, Kate L.; Pizzolato, Thompson D.; Kramer, Joanne M.; Pope, Conrad R.; Kitto, Sherry] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. [Polashock, James J.] USDA ARS, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Lab, Chatsworth, NJ USA. EM klthomas@udel.edu; pdpizz@udel.edu; jmkramer@udel.edu; cpope@udel.edu; james.polashock@ars.usda.gov; kitto@udel.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1103 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700427 ER PT J AU Hua, SST Parfitt, D Holtz, B Sarreal, SBL AF Hua, Sui Shen T. Parfitt, Dan Holtz, Brent Sarreal, Siov Bouy L. TI Biological Activity and Property of a Biopesticide, Pichia anomala SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Hua, Sui Shen T.; Sarreal, Siov Bouy L.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Parfitt, Dan] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Holtz, Brent] Univ Calif Coop Extn, Madera, CA USA. EM ssth@pw.usda.gov; deparfitt@ucdavis.edu; baholtz@ucdavis.edu; siov.sarreal@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1111 EP 1111 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700450 ER PT J AU Wagle, P Smith, MW Wood, BW Rohla, CT Reilly, CC AF Wagle, Pradeep Smith, Michael W. Wood, Bruce W. Rohla, Charles T. Reilly, Charles C. TI Foliar Application of Nickel and Copper on Pecan Performance SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Wagle, Pradeep; Smith, Michael W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Wood, Bruce W.; Reilly, Charles C.] USDA ARS, Byron, GA USA. [Rohla, Charles T.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK USA. EM pradeep.wagle@okstate.edu; mike.smith@okstate.edu; Bruce.Wood@ars.usda.gov; ctrohla@noble.org; creilly@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1119 EP 1119 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700474 ER PT J AU Larco, H Strik, B Bryla, D Sullivan, D AF Larco, Handell Strik, Bernadine Bryla, David Sullivan, Dan TI Establishing Organic Highbush Blueberry Production Systems-The Effect of Raised Beds, Weed Management, Fertility, and Cultivar SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Larco, Handell; Strik, Bernadine; Sullivan, Dan] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bryla, David] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR USA. EM larcoh@hort.oregonstate.edu; strikb@hort.oregonstate.edu; brylad@onid.orst.edu; dan.sullivan@oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1120 EP 1121 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700479 ER PT J AU Cherubin, R Do, T Rajasekaran, K Gossett, D Ratnayaka, H AF Cherubin, Ronald Do, Tommy Rajasekaran, Kanniah Gossett, Dalton Ratnayaka, Harish TI Photosynthetic, Antioxidant, and Leaf Ultrastructural Responses to Drought in Two Spinach Cultivars of Contrasting Morphology SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Cherubin, Ronald; Do, Tommy; Ratnayaka, Harish] Xavier Univ Louisiana, New Orleans, LA USA. [Rajasekaran, Kanniah] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. [Gossett, Dalton] Louisiana State Univ, Shreveport, LA 71105 USA. EM rcherubi@xula.edu; tdo3@xula.edu; Rajah.Rajasekaran@ars.usda.gov; dgossett@pilot.lsus.edu; hratnaya@xula.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1124 EP 1124 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700488 ER PT J AU Wang, S Millner, P AF Wang, Shiow Millner, Patricia TI Effect of Compost Socks System on Antioxidant Capacity, Flavonoid Content, and Fruit Quality of Strawberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Wang, Shiow; Millner, Patricia] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. EM shiow.wang@ars.usda.gov; pat.millner@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1124 EP 1125 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700490 ER PT J AU Altland, J Frantz, J AF Altland, James Frantz, Jonathan TI Use of Switchgrass as the Primary Potting Component In Nursery Containers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Altland, James] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan] USDA ARS, Toledo, OH USA. EM james.altland@ars.usda.gov; jonathan.frantz@utoledo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1130 EP 1130 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700509 ER PT J AU Jifon, JL Lester, G AF Jifon, John L. Lester, Gene TI Influence of Soil Type and Foliar Potassium Fertilization on Fruit Quality and Phytochemical Contents of Muskmelon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Jifon, John L.] Texas AgriLife Res Weslaco, Weslaco, TX USA. [Lester, Gene] SARC, USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX USA. EM jifon@tamu.edu; gene.lester@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1135 EP 1135 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700523 ER PT J AU Albrecht, E Stommel, J Park, E Saftner, R AF Albrecht, Elena Stommel, John Park, Eunhee Saftner, Robert TI Analytical Evaluation of Capsicum Germplasm Resources for Genetic Improvement of Aroma and Flavor in Pepper Fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Albrecht, Elena] KeyGene NV, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Park, Eunhee; Saftner, Robert] USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM elena.albrecht@keygene.com; john.stommel@ars.usda.gov; eunhee.park@ars.usda.gov; robert.saftner@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1140 EP 1141 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700541 ER PT J AU Imahori, Y Bai, JH Baldwin, E AF Imahori, Yoshihiro Bai, Jinhe Baldwin, Elizabeth TI Chilling and Heating Induced Antioxidant Responses in Tomatoes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Imahori, Yoshihiro] Osaka Pref Univ, Sch Agric, Osaka 5998531, Japan. [Bai, Jinhe; Baldwin, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. EM imahori@plant.osakafu-u.ac.jp; jinhe.bai@ars.usda.gov; liz.baldwin@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1141 EP 1141 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700542 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Roberts, B Magby, S O'Hern, W AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Roberts, Billy Magby, Shelia O'Hern, Wyatt TI Quality and Shelf Life of Grape and Cherry Tomato Varieties for Farm-to-School Programs SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope] N Carolina State Univ, Kannapolis, NC USA. [Magby, Shelia] USDA ARS, Lane, OK USA. EM penelope_perkins@ncsu.edu; wroberts@lane-ag.org; smagby-usda@lane-ag.org; wyatt-osu@lane-ag.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1142 EP 1143 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700547 ER PT J AU Rinehart, T Edwards, N AF Rinehart, Timothy Edwards, Ned TI Evaluating Sterility of a Late-Flowering Ornamental Ming Oil Tree (Aleurites fordii) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Rinehart, Timothy; Edwards, Ned] USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. EM tim.rinehart@ars.usda.gov; ned.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1153 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700581 ER PT J AU Brenner, DM Kostel, G Widrlechner, MP Gardner, CA AF Brenner, David M. Kostel, Grace Widrlechner, Mark P. Gardner, Candice A. TI Assembling Germplasm Collections of Nuttall's Povertyweed [Monolepis nuttalliana (Schult.) Greene] and Other Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Allies SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Kostel, Grace] Black Hills State Univ, Spearfish, SD 57799 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.; Gardner, Candice A.] USDA ARS, Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA USA. EM david.brenner@ars.usda.gov; GraceKostel@bhsu.edu; mark.widrlechner@ars.usda.gov; candice.gardner@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1156 EP 1157 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700594 ER PT J AU Fery, R Thies, JA AF Fery, Richard Thies, Judith A. TI PA-559: A New, Root-Knot Nematode Resistant, Red-fruited, Habanero-type Pepper SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Fery, Richard; Thies, Judith A.] ARS, USDA, Charleston, SC USA. EM Richard.Fery@ars.usda.gov; Judy.Thies@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1156 EP 1156 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700593 ER PT J AU Thro, AM AF Thro, Ann Marie TI Our Sleeping Asset: A Strategic Approach to Getting Value from Plant Breeding Reports SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Thro, Ann Marie] USDA CSREES, Washington, DC USA. EM athro@csrees.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1158 EP 1158 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700599 ER PT J AU Shrefler, J Brandenberger, L Webber, C Taylor, M AF Shrefler, James Brandenberger, Lynn Webber, Charles Taylor, Merritt TI Evaluation of Corn Gluten Meal for Weed Control in Cowpea SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Brandenberger, Lynn] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Taylor, Merritt] Oklahoma State Univ, Lane, OK USA. [Webber, Charles] USDA ARS, So Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK USA. EM jim.shrefler@okstate.edu; lynn.brandenberger@okstate.edu; cwebber-usda@lane-ag.org; mtaylor-okstate@lane-ag.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1165 EP 1165 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700622 ER PT J AU Bai, JH Narciso, J Baldwin, E AF Bai, Jinhe Narciso, Jan Baldwin, Elizabeth TI Effect of An Alkaline Surface Treatment on Edible Coating Performance as Pertains to Gas and Water Vapor Exchange of Carambola and Mango Fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Bai, Jinhe; Narciso, Jan; Baldwin, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. EM jinhe.bai@ars.usda.gov; jan.narciso@ars.usda.gov; liz.baldwin@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1168 EP 1168 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700631 ER PT J AU Sood, P Etxeberria, E Narciso, J Ference, C AF Sood, Preeti Etxeberria, Ed Narciso, Jan Ference, Chris TI Laser Labeling, a Safe Technology to Label Produce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Etxeberria, Ed] Univ Florida, Lake Alfred, FL USA. [Narciso, Jan] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. EM preeti.sood@ufl.edu; eje@crec.ifas.ufl.edu; jan.narciso@ars.usda.gov; chris.ference@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1169 EP 1169 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700636 ER PT J AU Warren, O Sargent, SA Huber, DJ Brecht, JK Plotto, A Baldwin, E AF Warren, Oren Sargent, Steven A. Huber, Donald J. Brecht, Jeffrey K. Plotto, Anne Baldwin, Elizabeth TI Influence of Postharvest Aqueous 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the Aroma Volatiles and Shelf Life of 'Arkin' Carambola SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Warren, Oren; Sargent, Steven A.; Huber, Donald J.; Brecht, Jeffrey K.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Plotto, Anne] USDA ARS SAA, Winter Haven, FL USA. [Baldwin, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. EM owarren@ufl.edu; sasa@ufl.edu; djhuber@ufl.edu; jkbrecht@ufl.edu; anne.plotto@ars.usda.gov; baldwin@ars.usda.gov RI Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1170 EP 1170 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700638 ER PT J AU Bell, R AF Bell, Richard TI Evaluation of Pyrus Germplasm for Resistance to Pear Psylla in the Orchard SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Bell, Richard] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM richard.bell@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1176 EP 1176 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700656 ER PT J AU Reed, S Rinehart, T AF Reed, Sandra Rinehart, Timothy TI Analysis of Ploidy Levels in Dichroa febrifuga SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Reed, Sandra] US Natl Arboretum, Mcminnville, TN USA. [Rinehart, Timothy] USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. EM Sandra.Reed@ars.usda.gov; tim.rinehart@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1176 EP 1177 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700659 ER PT J AU Pooler, M Rinehart, T Arias, R Scheffler, B Trigiano, R AF Pooler, Margaret Rinehart, Timothy Arias, Renee Scheffler, Brian Trigiano, Robert TI Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Identity of Redbud (Cercis) Cultivars Using SSR Markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Pooler, Margaret] USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy] USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. [Arias, Renee; Scheffler, Brian] USDA ARS, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Trigiano, Robert] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. EM margaret.pooler@ars.usda.gov; tim.rinehart@ars.usda.gov; Renee.Arias@ars.usda.gov; Brian.Scheffler@ars.usda.gov; rtrigian@utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1177 EP 1178 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700662 ER PT J AU Bell, N Altland, J AF Bell, Neil Altland, James TI Cistus and Halimium Species and Cultivars Grow and Flower Well in Western Oregon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Bell, Neil] OSU Extens, Salem, OR USA. [Altland, James] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM neil.bell@oregonstate.edu; james.altland@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1178 EP 1178 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700665 ER PT J AU Albrecht, E Lensink, D Saftner, R Stommel, J AF Albrecht, Elena Lensink, Dick Saftner, Robert Stommel, John TI Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity within the USDA, ARS Capsicum baccatum Germplasm Collection SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Albrecht, Elena; Lensink, Dick] KeyGene NV, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Saftner, Robert] USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM elena.albrecht@keygene.com; dick.lensink@keygene.com; robert.saftner@ars.usda.gov; john.stommel@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1179 EP 1179 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700667 ER PT J AU Kinard, G Cyr, P Weaver, B Millard, M Gardner, C Bohning, M Emberland, G Sinnott, Q Postman, J Hummer, K Franco, T Mackay, M Guarino, L Bretting, P AF Kinard, G. Cyr, P. Weaver, B. Millard, M. Gardner, C. Bohning, M. Emberland, G. Sinnott, Q. Postman, J. Hummer, K. Franco, T. Mackay, M. Guarino, L. Bretting, P. TI GRIN-Global: An International Project to Develop a Global Plant Genebank and Information Management System SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Kinard, G.; Bohning, M.; Emberland, G.; Sinnott, Q.] USDA ARS, NGRL, Beltsville, MD USA. [Cyr, P.; Millard, M.; Gardner, C.] USDA ARS, PIRU, NCRPIS, Ames, IA USA. [Weaver, B.] Biovers Int, Ames, IA USA. [Postman, J.; Hummer, K.] USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR USA. [Franco, T.] Biovers Int, Cali, Colombia. [Mackay, M.] Biovers Int, Rome, Italy. [Guarino, L.] Global Crop Divers Trust, Rome, Italy. [Bretting, P.] USDA ARS, NPS, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Gary.Kinard@ars.usda.gov; Pete.Cyr@ars.usda.gov; brockweaver@gmail.com; Mark.Millard@ars.usda.gov; Candice.Gardner@ars.usda.gov; Mark.Bohning@ars.usda.gov; Gorm.Emberland@ars.usda.gov; Quinn.Sinnott@ars.usda.gov; Joseph.Postman@ars.usda.gov; Kim.Hummer@ars.usda.gov; t.franco@cgiar.org; M.Mackay@cgiar.org; luigi.guarino@croptrust.org; Peter.Bretting@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1179 EP 1179 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700666 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Cantrell, C Jeliazkov, V AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Cantrell, Charles Jeliazkov, Valtcho TI Podophyllotoxin Concentration in Needles of Juniperus virginiana L. Collected from Mississippi to North Dakota SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Jeliazkov, Valtcho] Mississippi State Univ, Verona, MS USA. [Cantrell, Charles] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu; clcantr1@olemiss.edu; vj40@pss.msstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1181 EP 1182 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700674 ER PT J AU Shock, C Feibert, EBG Saunders, LD Shaw, NL Sampangi, RK Mohan, SK AF Shock, Clinton Feibert, Erik B. G. Saunders, Lamont D. Shaw, Nancy L. Sampangi, Ram K. Mohan, S. Krishna TI Irrigation and Mechanization for Seed Production of Sulfur Buckwheat, a Native Forb SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Shock, Clinton; Feibert, Erik B. G.; Saunders, Lamont D.] Oregon State Univ, Ontario, OR USA. [Shaw, Nancy L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Boise, ID USA. [Sampangi, Ram K.; Mohan, S. Krishna] Univ Idaho, Parma, ID USA. EM clinton.shock@oregonstate.edu; erik.feibert@oregonstate.edu; monty.saunders@oregonstate.edu; nshaw@fs.fed.us; sampangi@uidaho.edu; kmohan@uidaho.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1183 EP 1184 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700681 ER PT J AU Blythe, E Merhaut, D Albano, J Newman, J AF Blythe, Eugene Merhaut, Donald Albano, Joseph Newman, Julie TI Leachate Concentrations of Ammonium, Nitrate, and Phosphorus as Affected by Nutrient Release from Four Different Types of Controlled-release Fertilizers and Crop Development of Containerized Azaleas SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Blythe, Eugene] Mississippi State Univ, Poplarville, MS USA. [Merhaut, Donald] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Albano, Joseph] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Newman, Julie] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Ventura, CA USA. EM blythe@pss.msstate.edu; donald.merhaut@ucr.edu; joseph.albano@ars.usda.gov; jpnewman@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1185 EP 1185 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700685 ER PT J AU Blythe, E Merhaut, D Albano, J Newman, J AF Blythe, Eugene Merhaut, Donald Albano, Joseph Newman, Julie TI Leachate Concentrations of Ammonium, Nitrate, and Phosphorus as Affected by Nutrient Release from Four Different Types of Controlled-release Fertilizers and Crop Development of Containerized Waxleaf Privet SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Blythe, Eugene] Mississippi State Univ, Poplarville, MS USA. [Merhaut, Donald] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Albano, Joseph] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Newman, Julie] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Ventura, CA USA. EM blythe@pss.msstate.edu; donald.merhaut@ucr.edu; joseph.albano@ars.usda.gov; jpnewman@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1185 EP 1186 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700686 ER PT J AU Fernandez, RT Lea-Cox, J Zinati, G Hong, CX Cabrera, R Merhaut, D Albano, J Van Iersel, M Yeager, T Buhler, D AF Fernandez, R. Thomas Lea-Cox, John Zinati, Gladis Hong, Chuanxue Cabrera, Raul Merhaut, Donald Albano, Joseph Van Iersel, Marc Yeager, Thomas Buhler, Douglas TI NCDC216: A New Multistate Group for Water Management and Quality for Ornamental Crop Production and Health SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 106th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 25-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Hort Sci C1 [Fernandez, R. Thomas; Buhler, Douglas] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lea-Cox, John] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zinati, Gladis] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Hong, Chuanxue] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Beach, VA USA. [Cabrera, Raul] Texas A&M Univ, Dallas, TX USA. [Merhaut, Donald] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Albano, Joseph] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Van Iersel, Marc] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yeager, Thomas] Univ Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM fernan15@msu.edu; jlc@umd.edu; zinati@aesop.rutgers.edu; chhong2@vt.edu; r-cabrera@tamu.edu; donald.merhaut@ucr.edu; joseph.albano@ars.usda.gov; mvanier@uga.edu; yeagert@ufl.edu; buhler@msu.edu RI Lea-Cox, John/E-8976-2010; Fernandez, Rodney/M-1598-2013 OI Fernandez, Rodney/0000-0003-0113-8055 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1188 EP 1189 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 466VO UT WOS:000267691700697 ER PT J AU Sood, P Ference, C Narciso, J Etxeberria, E AF Sood, Preeti Ference, Chris Narciso, Jan Etxeberria, Ed TI Laser Etching: A Novel Technology to Label Florida Grapefruit SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrus paradisi; fruit quality; post harvest decay; produce labeling AB Laser labeling of fruit and vegetables is an alternative means of labeling produce in which a low-energy carbon dioxide laser beam etches the surface and reveals a contrasting underlying layer. These etched surfaces can promote water loss and may increase the number of entry sites for decay-promoting organisms. The long-term effects of laser labeling on produce quality during storage have not been examined. We conducted experiments to measure water loss, peel appearance, and potential decay in laser-labeled grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) during storage. Laser-labeled fruit stored at 10 degrees C and two relative humidities (i.e., 95% and 65%) for 5 weeks showed no increase in decay compared with nonetched control fruit, suggesting that laser labeling does not facilitate decay. This was confirmed by experiments where Penicillium digitatum spores were coated on fruit surfaces before and after etching. In either case, no decay was observed. In agar plates containing a lawn of P. digitatum spores, the laser etching reduced germination of spores in contact areas. Water loss from etched areas and label appearance were determined during storage. Water loss from waxed etched surfaces reached control levels after 24 h in storage. Label appearance slowly deteriorated during 4 weeks in storage and was proportional to laser energy levels and ambient relative humidity. Waxing the labeled surface reduced water loss by 35% to 94%, depending on the wax formulation used. We concluded that laser labeling provides the grapefruit industry a safe alternative to adhesive sticker labeling without enhancing decay susceptibility. C1 [Sood, Preeti; Etxeberria, Ed] Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Ference, Chris; Narciso, Jan] ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Nw Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Etxeberria, E (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM eje@crec.ifas.ufl.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 504 EP 510 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613XE UT WOS:000279016800003 ER PT J AU Bai, JH Yin, XH Whitaker, BD Deschuytter, K Chen, PM AF Bai, Jinhe Yin, Xinhua Whitaker, Bruce D. Deschuytter, Kristi Chen, Paul M. TI Combination of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Ethoxyquin to Control Superficial Scald of 'Anjou' Pears SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pyrus communis; 1-MCP; alpha-farnesene; conjugated trienes; ripening; extractable juice ID ALPHA-FARNESENE; STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; DANJOU PEARS; OXIDATION; DIPHENYLAMINE; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION; MATURITY; STORAGE AB Superficial scald of 'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis) usually develops after cold storage of >= 3 months. Ethoxyquin has been used to control scald commercially. However, only a small amount of fruit can be treated within 7 days after harvest as recommended, and sometimes ethoxyquin causes phytotoxicity. Application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) showed excellent scald control potential, with rapid and mass treatment feasible. However, fruit may lose normal ripening ability at a dosage of 1-MCP as low as 30 whereas a dosage of <= 20 nL.L(-1) is not enough to control scald. In this investigation, 'Anjou' pears treated with 25 nL.L(-1) 1-MCP immediately after harvest were stored at -1 degrees C for up to 5 months. After 1, 7, 30, or 60 days of cold storage, part of the fruit were treated with 1000 mu L.L(-1) ethoxyquin and the remainder was left untreated as nonethoxyquin controls. The incidence of superficial scald, the concentrations of alpha-farnesene and its conjugated triene (CT) oxidation products, and the ripening ability of fruit were measured after 3-, 4-, and 5-month storages. All fruit ripened properly within 7 days of shelf life at 20 degrees C regardless of treatment. 1-MCP treatment at harvest or ethoxyquin alone applied within 7 days adequately controlled scald for only 3 months. By contrast, 1-MCP + ethoxyquin controlled scald for 5 months, regardless of when ethoxyquin was applied from 1 to 60 days after the start of cold storage. Thus, a combination of 25 nL.L(-1) 1-MCP, which is easily applied and does not influence ripening ability, and a delayed application (up to 60 days) of 1000 mu L.L(-1) ethoxyquin, which is a low dosage that does not cause phytotoxicity on fruit, controlled scald sufficiently. Scald is linked with accumulation of CT oxidation products of alpha-farnesene. 1-MCP and ethoxyquin inhibited accumulation of CT in fruit peel by different mechanisms. 1-MCP inhibited the production by reducing alpha-farnesene synthesis and the oxidation to CT, whereas ethoxyquin worked by inhibiting the latter. C1 [Bai, Jinhe] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Yin, Xinhua] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Whitaker, Bruce D.] ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Deschuytter, Kristi; Chen, Paul M.] Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. RP Bai, JH (reprint author), ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM Jinhe.bai@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission; Columbia Gorge Fruit Growers Association FX This research was supported partially by funding from the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission and by the Columbia Gorge Fruit Growers Association. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 521 EP 525 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613XE UT WOS:000279016800006 ER PT J AU Schneider, SM Hanson, BD AF Schneider, Sally M. Hanson, Bradley D. TI Effects of Fumigant Alternatives to Methyl Bromide on Pest Control in Open Field Nursery Production of Perennial Fruit and Nut Plants SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1,3-dichloropropene; chloropicrin; crop safety; iodomethane; preplant fumigation; root-knot nematode ID CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES; SOIL FUMIGANT; PREPLANT; IODIDE AB Nursery producers of perennial fruit and nut plants rely on preplant fumigation to meet regulatory requirements designed to ensure nematode-free planting stock. In the past, preplant treatments with methyl bromide or high rates of 1,3-dichloropropene were the preferred treatments. However, the phase out of methyl bromide due to environmental concerns and evolving regulations on the use of 1,3-dichloropropene has increased the need for effective and economical alternative fumigation treatments in open field nursery production. A field trial was conducted in a commercial nursery to test weed and nematode control with several tarped and untarped preplant applications of 1,3-dichloropropene, chloropicrin, and iodomethane in comparison with methyl bromide. Crop safety and nematode infestation were evaluated on a wide range of tree, vine, and berry nursery stock. No fall fumigation treatment in this study resulted in measurable injury to spring-planted nursery stock. There were few statistical differences between methyl bromide and the other fumigation treatments in crop establishment, crop quality, or nematode level at planting 5 months after treatment, although some untarped treatments had detectable levels of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). At grape (Vitus vinifera) and bramble (Rubus spp.) harvest after the first growing season, few statistical differences were noted in the number of nematodes isolated from roots; however, only methyl bromide had nondetectable levels in all varieties. The highest nematode levels were usually found in untarped iodomethane:chloropicrin and untarped chloropicrin plots. At tree harvest 26 months after fumigation, root-knot nematodes were isolated from the roots of highly susceptible tree varieties in several iodomethane:chloropicrin treatments and in chloropicrin alone plots. Untarped applications did not provide commercially acceptable control of weeds or root-knot nematode in this trial. Tarped applications of 30:70 and 50:50 iodomethane:chloropicrin provided nematode control similar to 1,3-dichloropropene, although not as good as methyl bromide. Iodomethane:chloropicrin combinations have been registered in other states and should be considered for use in California perennial fruit and nut crop nurseries as an alternative to methyl bromide. C1 [Hanson, Bradley D.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Schneider, Sally M.] ARS, USDA, GWCC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hanson, BD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM brad.hanson@ars.usda.gov FU Fruit Tree; Nut Tree; Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board FX The authors wish to thank L.E. Cooke Company for donation of field space, planting stock, and crop management in this trial, and the Fruit Tree, Nut Tree, and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board for financial support. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 526 EP 532 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613XE UT WOS:000279016800007 ER PT J AU Yin, XH Bai, JH Seavert, CF AF Yin, Xinhua Bai, Jinhe Seavert, Clark F. TI Pear Responses to Split Fertigation and Band Placement of Nitrogen and Phosphorus SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leaf nutrition; yield; quality; superficial scald; soil nutrient level ID DRIP NITROGEN; APPLE-TREES; SOIL TEST; FERTILIZATION; IRRIGATION; QUALITY; TILLAGE AB Single broadcast application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the soil surface results in low use efficiency of applied N and P in pear (Pyrus communis) production systems in Oregon and the Pacific northwestern United States. A field experiment was conducted from 2005 through 2006 to evaluate the effects of split fertigation and band placement as alternate N and P management practices in 'Anjou' pears growing on a Parkdale loam soil near Parkdale, OR. Measurement and analysis of tree nutrition, fruit yield, quality, and storability, as well as indigenous soil nutrient supply was the scope of the experiment. To evaluate fertilizer management practices on pear growth and productivity, the following four treatments were tested with a randomized complete block design replicated four times: 1) broadcast application of N and P on the soil surface in a 10-ft-wide, weed-free strip centered on the tree row, 2) band placement of N and P on both sides of tree rows in 1 x 1-ft ditches (width x depth), 3) 1 x 1-ft ditches were dug using the band placement equipment, the dug soil was completed returned to the ditch without any fertilizer, and the broadcast application of N and P on the soil surface was applied on a 10-ft-wide, weed-free strip centered on the tree row, and 4) fertigation of N and P split into five equal applications throughout the growing season. Nitrogen and P fertilizers were applied to treatments 1, 2, and 3 at 100 lb/acre N and 55 lb/acre P, while treatment 4 received only 80 lb/acre N and 44 lb/acre P. The 2-year average results show leaf N and P concentrations in the fall were increased by 10.0% and 10.6%, respectively, with split fertigation compared with broadcast application on the soil surface. Band placement increased leaf N by 7.1% relative to broadcast application on the soil surface with soil disturbance caused by band placement. Split fertigation and band placement slightly increased fruit yield, but increased marketable fruit (the total of excellent and very slightly scalded fruit) by 20.9% and 11.1% (absolute value) when compared with broadcast application of N and P and broadcast application of N and P with soil disturbance caused by band placement, respectively, and after 3 months of cold storage. No detrimental effects on fruit weight or reduction in soil amino sugar N were observed from lowering the N and P application rates by 20% with split fertigation. Overall, split fertigation and band placement of N and P can be used to replace single broadcast application on the soil surface on pear orchards to reduce fruit superficial scald during cold storage and improve the use efficiency of applied N and P in the mid-Columbia region of Oregon. C1 [Yin, Xinhua] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Bai, Jinhe] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Seavert, Clark F.] Oregon State Univ, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. RP Yin, XH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM xyin2@utk.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 586 EP 592 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613XE UT WOS:000279016800016 ER PT J AU Willett, MJ Neven, L Miller, CE AF Willett, Michael J. Neven, Lisa Miller, Charles E. TI The Occurrence of Codling Moth in Low Latitude Countries: Validation of Pest Distribution Reports SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malus xdomestica; Cydia pomonella; risk analysis; tropics; subtropics; phytosanitary; diapause; Taiwan AB Phytosanitary restrictions are increasingly a factor in the ability of U.S. tree fruit exporters to gain and maintain access to worldwide markets. Under international trade rules, these restrictions must be based on specific guidelines, including an assessment of whether the proposed quarantine pest is likely to establish and spread under the climatic conditions of the importing country. Given the interest in and growth of temperate fruit production in the tropics, countries in the region (such as Taiwan, Columbia, Indonesia, and Thailand) have begun to impose a range of quarantine restrictions aimed at preventing the introduction of temperate zone pests. Apples (Malus xdomestica) are regulated in certain tropical/subtropical countries, such as Taiwan, for the presence of codling moth (CM; Cydia pomonella) in spite of reports in the literature that the distribution of CM is theoretically limited by daylength and chilling requirements to temperate regions. This work provides background as to why CM has been identified as a potential pest of quarantine concern in some low latitude countries; describes an approach used to validate worldwide CM distribution reports, providing additional information to allow for the revision of CM distribution maps; and demonstrates how accurate information regarding pest species distribution reports can aid in establishing an argument of ecological nonadaptability in the pest risk analysis process. Currently, a report of CM in Peru remains the only account of this pest's presence in low latitude countries that could not be refuted by the approach described here. C1 [Willett, Michael J.] NW Hort Council, Yakima, WA 98901 USA. [Neven, Lisa] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Willett, MJ (reprint author), NW Hort Council, 105 S 18th St,Suite 105, Yakima, WA 98901 USA. EM willett@nwhort.org NR 30 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 633 EP 637 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613XE UT WOS:000279016800024 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME Coffelt, TA Cornish, K AF Salvucci, Michael E. Coffelt, Terry A. Cornish, Katrina TI Improved methods for extraction and quantification of resin and rubber from guayule SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Accelerated solvent extraction; Evaporative light scattering; Guayule; Parthenium argentatum; Resin; Rubber ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM GRAY; LATEX QUANTIFICATION; PLANT; ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE; HOMOGENATE; GROWTH AB Guayule, a shrub native to the Chihuahuan desert. is a natural Source of high quality, hypoallergenic rubber. Unlike rubber trees that produce rubber in laticifers, the rubber in guayule is produced in parenchyma cells of the bark tissue of stems and roots. Consequently,guayule tissue must be mechanically broken before the rubber can be extracted and analyzed. Since rubber extraction and analysis is time-consuming, progress towards increasing the rubber content of guayule through breeding or better cultivation practices has been limited by the slow rate of sample processing. To address the need for faster and more efficient sample throughput, conditions were optimized for automated extraction of dried guayule tissue using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and rapid methods were developed to replace gravimetric determination of resin and rubber content. For resin analysis, ultraviolet absorbance was used to determine resin concentration after ASE of the tissue with acetone or acetonitrile. For rubber analysis, evaporative light scattering (ELS) was used to determine the amount of rubber recovered after ASE of the tissue with cyclohexane. Extraction of guayule tissue with high latex rubber content verified that the amounts of resin and rubber determined by these methods were similar to the amounts determined gravimetrically. Since these methods automate extraction and increase the speed of resin and rubber quantification, they could be used in combination with ASE to increase the throughput and efficiency Of guayule evaluation in germplasm enhancement and agronomic improvement programs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Salvucci, Michael E.; Coffelt, Terry A.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Cornish, Katrina] Yulex Corp, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM mike.salvucci@ars.usda.gov RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.12.006 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 462JV UT WOS:000267349500002 ER PT J AU Gawde, AJ Zheljazkov, VD Maddox, V Cantrell, CL AF Gawde, Archana J. Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Maddox, Victor Cantrell, Charles L. TI Bioprospection of Eastern red cedar from nine physiographic regions in Mississippi SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Podophyllotoxin; Juniperus virginiana; Cupressaceae ID PODOPHYLLOTOXIN; POPULATIONS; OILS AB Juniperus virginiana L. (Family Cupressaceae), commonly called Eastern red cedar, is a widely distributed species in the United States and parts of Canada. It produces two important chemical products, the anticancer compound podophyllotoxin and essential oil. The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in podophyllotoxin concentration in Eastern red cedar, across nine physiographic regions in Mississippi: Tishomingo Hills, Bluff Region, Blackland Prairie, Jackson Prairie, Delta, Pontotoc Ridge, Flatwoods, North Central Plateau, and Piney Woods. The concentration of podophyllotoxin in red cedar needles across different physiographic regions varied from 0.11% to 0.36%. This variation was not statistically significant in 2007 nor in 2008, suggesting that soil nutrient concentrations and topography within Mississippi may not affect the synthesis and the accumulation of podophyllotoxin in Eastern red cedar. Podophyllotoxin accumulation seems to be a stable trait. The results demonstrated that J. viriginiana could be used as a consistent source of podophyllotoxin and that the collection of plant material for commercial extraction of podophyllotoxin can be done independent of the site of collection within the state. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Gawde, Archana J.; Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Maddox, Victor] GeoResources Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway 145 S, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu OI Gawde, Archana/0000-0002-6495-3850 FU USDA-NRI; Mississippi State University/MAFES FX Contribution of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Exp. Sta. journal Article No. J-11440. This Study was supported in part by USDA-NRI project "American mayapple and Eastern red cedar as domestic sources for the anti-cancer compound podophyllotoxin", and Mississippi State University/MAFES project "Bioprospecting for anti-cancer compound podophyllotoxin". Authors thank the MAFES for continuous support. Authors also thank Amber Callahan for assistance with quantitative analysis, Dr. Dennis Rowe and Kayla Davis for their assistance with statistical analysis. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.01.010 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 462JV UT WOS:000267349500010 ER PT J AU Li, BG Zheng, Y Pan, ZL Hartsough, B AF Li, Baoguo Zheng, Yi Pan, Zhongli Hartsough, Bruce TI Improved properties of medium-density particleboard manufactured from saline Creeping Wild Rye and HDPE plastic SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Creeping Wild Rye; High-density polyethylene; Mechanical strength; Water resistance particleboard; Polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate; Rice bran adhesive ID WHEAT-STRAW; RICE BRAN; ADHESIVE; WOOD; FIBERBOARD; STRENGTH; PROTEIN; BOARDS; RESIN AB Creeping Wild Rye (CWR), Leymus triticoides, is a salt-tolerant perennial grass used for mitigating the problems of saltilization and alkalization in drainage irrigation water and soil to minimize potential pollution of water streams. In this study, CWR was used as a raw material to manufacture medium-density particleboard. The objective of this research was to characterize the mechanical and water resistance properties of CWR particleboards bonded by four different adhesive levels and compositions, including 4% polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI), 2.8% PMDI. [1.2% rice bran adhesive (RBA) + 2.8% PMDI] and [20% recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) + 2.8% PMDI]. In addition, orthogonal experimental design was employed to optimize three factors (hot-press temperature, HDPE particle size and HDPE content) to achieve desired mechanical and water resistance properties of particleboards bonded by a mixture adhesive. The evaluated mechanical properties of particleboards were tensile strength (TS), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond (IB) strength. Water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (THS) were measured to determine water resistance properties of the particleboards. Partially replacing PMDI with RBA did not compromise mechanical quality, but deteriorated water resistance properties. The results showed that 30% of PMDI can be replaced by adding 20% HDPE, resulting in particleboard with higher mechanical strength and water resistance than particleboard made without HDPE. It has been concluded that HDPE from recycled plastic bags could be used as an adhesive or additive to partially replace PMDI for making high-quality particleboards. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pan, Zhongli] USDA ARS WRRC, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Li, Baoguo] Shanghai Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Food & Biol Engn, Shanghai 200093, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Yi; Pan, Zhongli; Hartsough, Bruce] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS WRRC, Proc Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zhongli.pan@ars.usda.gov FU California Department of Water Resources; Red Rock Ranch Farm FX The authors thank the California Department of Water Resources for providing partial funding support. and the Red Rock Ranch Farm for providing the raw materials for this research. The research was conducted at the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis and Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.01.006 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 462JV UT WOS:000267349500011 ER PT J AU Klasson, KT Wartelle, LH Rodgers, JE Lima, IM AF Klasson, K. Thomas Wartelle, Lynda H. Rodgers, James E., III Lima, Isabel M. TI Copper(II) adsorption by activated carbons from pecan shells: Effect of oxygen level during activation SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Activated carbon; Agricultural by-products; Phosphoric acid activation; Pecan shells; Oxidation ID PHOSPHORIC-ACID ACTIVATION; METALS REMEDIATION; ALMOND SHELLS; NUTSHELLS; POROSITY; WOOD AB Agricultural by-products represent a considerable quantity of harvested commodity crops. The use of by-products as precursors for the production of widely used adsorbents, such as activated carbons, may impart a value-added component of the overall biomass harvested. Our objective in this paper is to show how the partial oxidation of phosphoric acid-impregnated pecan shells resulted in activated carbons with different affinities for a typical metal ion, copper(II), in aqueous sorption studies. The oxygen level was varied during activation by altering the sweep gas (air) flow rate in the furnace. Surface area and micropore volume of the produced carbon did not vary significantly with degree of oxidation, while the surface charge and the adsorption capacity were strongly dependent on the oxidative conditions. Surface area functional groups of C = O, aromatics, and phosphorus were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the yield of activated carbon product was higher in the more oxygen-deprived atmosphere but that the product had a lower affinity for adsorbing copper from an aqueous solution. The carbon with the highest adsorptive capacity was produced by activation in approximately 14% oxygen atmosphere, yielding adsorption values of 0.97 and 1.3 mmol of copper(II) per gram of carbon when the carbon had been in contact with a copper(II) solution with initial concentration of 10 and 20 mM of copper. respectively. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Klasson, K. Thomas; Wartelle, Lynda H.; Rodgers, James E., III; Lima, Isabel M.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Klasson, KT (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Thomas.Klasson@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.01.007 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 462JV UT WOS:000267349500012 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Palmquist, DE AF Sessa, David J. Palmquist, Debra E. TI Decolorization/deodorization of zein via activated carbons and molecular sieves SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Yellow zein; Deodorization/decolorization; Adsorption; Activated carbon; Molecular sieves; UV analyses ID ALPHA-ZEIN AB Commercially available corn zeins from co-products of the corn ethanol industry possess yellow color and off-odors that deter their usage in food, medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. A pilot-scale process (patent pending) was developed to purify those products. Our objective is to investigate a series of activated carbons and zeolites, clay-based particles acting as molecular sieves, as potential column media for that process. A batch process was used to evaluate each of five different activated carbons and zeolites to determine the adsorption characteristics of protein and the color and off-odor components. Adsorptive properties of those media were performed by spectral analyses at wavelengths 280 nm for the protein component and 325 nm for the contaminants. Statistical evaluation of the batch adsorption data from each series demonstrated that activated carbon generated from coconut hulls and zeolite 5 A (5 angstrom pore size) adsorbed the least amount of protein relative to contaminant adsorptions. Our selection of column media for the pilot-scale process was based on these findings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sessa, David J.; Palmquist, Debra E.] USDA ARS, Biometr Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sessa, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biometr Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Sessa@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 162 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.12.008 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 462JV UT WOS:000267349500024 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Selling, GW Woods, KK Evans, K AF Biswas, Atanu Selling, Gordon W. Woods, Kristen Kruger Evans, Kervin TI Surface modification of zein films SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Zein; Surface energy; Hydrophilic reagents ID TENSILE PROPERTIES; WATER-ABSORPTION; PROTEIN; SHEETS; ACIDS; MICROSTRUCTURE; STARCH; CORN AB A novel method to derivatize the surface of zein is devised that can modify the water absorption and surface wetting behavior. The reagents used to impart the desired properties in a reasonable amount of time include octenyl succinic anhydride and alkyl and alkenyl ketene dinners. The method is easy to apply and involves baking with an appropriate concentration of a derivatizing agent. Decreased water absorption and increased contact angle with water relative to control demonstrate the advantages this methodology provides. Atomic force microscopy was used to demonstrate that after derivatization the surface of the film became much different, having large globular domains that extended as much as 122 nm above the lowest surface. Given the hydrophobic character of the reagents and their relative incompatibility with zein, it was anticipated that derivatization would be somewhat inhomogeneous. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Biswas, Atanu; Selling, Gordon W.; Woods, Kristen Kruger] ARS, USDA, Plant Polymers Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Polymers Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM atanu.biswas@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 168 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.02.002 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 462JV UT WOS:000267349500026 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Shogren, RL Willett, JL AF Biswas, Atanu Shogren, R. L. Willett, J. L. TI Ionic liquid as a solvent and catalyst for acylation of maltodextrin SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Ionic liquid; Starch; Maltodextrin; Vinyl stearate; Stearic acid; Esterification ID ENZYMATIC MODIFICATION; CASSAVA STARCH; LIPASE AB Catalyst-free esterification of maltodextrin was carried out in ionic liquid. Stearate esters of maltodextrin were obtained in various degree of substitution (DS) when vinyl stearate or stearic acid was heated with maltodextrin in ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (bmim[dca]). Reaction temperature of 75 degrees C gave the highest value of DS (0.64) and reaction efficiency (64%). Structure and DS of the resulting esters were confirmed by NMR, titration, GC, and elemental analysis. It was found that for some of the maltodextrin stearates the mixed solvent of chloroform/DMSO (70/30) was better than DMSO. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Biswas, Atanu; Shogren, R. L.; Willett, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM atanu.biswas@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 172 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.02.003 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 462JV UT WOS:000267349500027 ER PT J AU Day, JM AF Day, J. Michael TI The diversity of the orthoreoviruses: Molecular taxonomy and phylogentic divides SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Orthoreovirus; Taxonomy; Phylogenetics ID MUSCOVY DUCK REOVIRUS; CELL-ATTACHMENT PROTEIN; GRASS CARP REOVIRUS; NELSON-BAY VIRUS; SIGMA-C PROTEIN; SMALL TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN; TURKEY ORIGIN REOVIRUSES; CLASS GENOME SEGMENTS; HEPTAD REPEAT REGION; OUTER CAPSID PROTEIN AB The family Reoviridae is a diverse group of viruses with double-stranded RNA genomes contained within icosahedral, non-enveloped, double-layered protein capsids. Within the Reoviridae, the Orthoreovirus genus includes viruses that infect reptiles, birds and mammals (including humans). Recent sequencing efforts have produced a great deal of new molecular data for the fusogenic orthoreoviruses, a group of reoviruses that induce cell-cell fusion during an infection. This new data has allowed a fresh look at the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the Orthoreovirus genus, and has provided insight into the evolution of orthoreovirus species and species groups. This review mainly focuses on the molecular taxonomy of the fusogenic orthoreoviruses, and aims to provide insight into their relationships with the non-fusogenic orthoreoviruses and other selected Reoviridae genera. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Day, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Michael.Day@ars.usda.gov NR 119 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 390 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.01.011 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 458SW UT WOS:000267044800002 PM 19460305 ER PT J AU Pozio, E Hoberg, E La Rosa, G Zarlenga, DS AF Pozio, Edoardo Hoberg, Eric La Rosa, Giuseppe Zarlenga, Dante S. TI Molecular taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of nematodes belonging to the Trichinella genus SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Trichinella; Nematodes; Molecular taxonomy; Phylogeny; Biogeography; Zoonosis ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; CROCODILES CROCODYLUS-NILOTICUS; WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS; LIFE-CYCLE STAGES; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; SYLVATIC TRICHINOSIS; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE AB Studying parasites of the genus Trichinella provides scientists of today many advantages. This is a group of zoonotic nematodes that circulates freely among wildlife hosts with one in particular, Trichinella spiralis that is exceptionally well adapted to domestic swine. Recent reports suggest that human infections from hunted animals are on the rise worldwide and numerous countries still experience problems with T spiralis in their domestic food supplies. Trichinella is a genus whose members are easily propagated in the laboratories, have been used as models to investigate host-parasite relationships and parasitism among clade I organisms, and represent a poorly investigated link between the phylum Nematoda and other Metazoans. The importance of T. spiralis in better understanding the tree of life was so recognized that in 2004, its genome was carefully selected as one of only nine key non-mammalian organisms to be sequenced to completion. Since it was first discovered in 1835, this genus has expanded from being monospecific to eight species including four other genotypes of undetermined taxonomic rank. Inasmuch as discriminating morphological data have been scant, our understanding of the genus has been relegated to a compilation of molecular, biochemical and biological data. Herein, we provide a collection of information and up-to-date interpretations on the taxonomy, diagnostics, systematics, micro- and macroevolution, and the biogeographical and biohistorical reconstruction of the genus Trichinella. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pozio, Edoardo; La Rosa, Giuseppe] Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Hoberg, Eric; Zarlenga, Dante S.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pozio, E (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM edoardo.pozio@iss.it NR 115 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 606 EP 616 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.03.003 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 458SW UT WOS:000267044800026 PM 19460327 ER PT J AU Vogt, RG Miller, NE Litvack, R Fandino, RA Sparks, J Staples, J Friedman, R Dickens, JC AF Vogt, Richard G. Miller, Natalie E. Litvack, Rachel Fandino, Richard A. Sparks, Jackson Staples, Jon Friedman, Robert Dickens, Joseph C. TI The insect SNMP gene family SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pheromone; Receptors; Olfactory; Gustatory; Chemosensory; Gustatory; Mosquito; Fly ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; ANTHERAEA-POLYPHEMUS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; GENOME ANNOTATION; OLFACTORY NEURONS; APIS-MELLIFERA; CD36 FAMILY; VITAMIN-A; DROSOPHILA; RECEPTOR AB SNMPs are membrane proteins observed to associate with chemosensory neurons in insects; in Drosophila melanogaster, SNMP1 has been shown to be essential for the detection of the pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate (CVA). SNMPs are one of three insect gene clades related to the human fatty acid transporter CD36. We previously characterized the CD36 gene family in 4 insect Orders that effectively cover the Holometabola, or some 80% of known insect species and the 300 million years of evolution since this lineage emerged: Lepidoptera (e.g. Bombyx mori, Antheraea polyphemus, Manduca sexta, Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa assulta, Helicoverpa armigera, Mamestra brassicae); Diptera (D. melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus); Hymenoptera (Apis mellifera); and Coleoptera (Tribolium castaneum). This previous study suggested a complex topography within the SNMP clade including a strongly supported SNMP1 sub-clade plus additional SNMP genes. To further resolve the SNMP clade here, we used cDNA sequences of SNMP1 and SNMP2 from various Lepidoptera species, D. melarrogaster and Ae. aegypti, as well as BAC derived genomic sequences from Ae. aegypti as models for proposing corrected sequences of orthologues in the D. pseudoobscura and An. gambiae genomes, and for identifying orthologues in the B. mori and C. pipiens q. genomes. We then used these sequences to analyze the SNMP clade of the insect CD36 gene family, supporting the existence of two well supported sub-clades, SNMP1 and SNMP2, throughout the dipteran and lepidopteran lineages, and plausibly throughout the Holometabola and across a broad evolutionary time scale. We present indirect evidence based on evolutionary selection (dN/dS) that the dipteran SNMPs are expressed as functional proteins. We observed expansions of the SNMP1 sub-clade in C. pipiens q. and T castaneum suggesting that the SNMP1s may have an expanded functional role in these species. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vogt, Richard G.; Miller, Natalie E.; Litvack, Rachel; Fandino, Richard A.; Sparks, Jackson; Staples, Jon; Friedman, Robert] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Dickens, Joseph C.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci,Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav La, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vogt, RG (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM vogt@biol.sc.edu OI Sparks, Jackson/0000-0002-5474-035X FU National Science Foundation [IBN0212510]; USDA Cooperative [58-1275-7-360]; Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program; US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (IBN0212510) (to R.G.V.), and USDA Cooperative agreement 58-1275-7-360 (to R.G.V.) funded in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program funded by the US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) (to J.D.D). NR 44 TC 75 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 448 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.03.007 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 468CH UT WOS:000267790700004 PM 19364529 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Osbrink, WLA AF Cornelius, M. L. Osbrink, W. L. A. TI Bioassay design and length of time in the laboratory affect intercolonial interactions of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; Agonism; Diet; Termite survival ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION; INTER-COLONIAL AGGRESSION; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; NEW-ORLEANS; RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; ARMSTRONG-PARK; LOUISIANA AB This study examined the effect of diet, experimental design, and length of time in the laboratory on intercolonial agonism among Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, colonies. In pairings of 12 C. formosanus Shiraki colonies collected in an urban forest, there was no significant reduction in survival of termites in 30 out of 59 colony pairs compared to colony controls, but there was < 50% survival in 18 colony pairs and < 10% survival in six colony pairs. There was no correlation between the level of aggressive behavior and the laboratory diet of the termites. Effect of bioassay design and length of time in the laboratory was evaluated in three colony pairs where tests were first conducted on the day of field collection, then colony pairs were retested every 7 days. Aggressive behavior decreased over time in both bioassays, but it tended to decrease more rapidly in the Petri dish tests. The rapid loss of agonism in groups of termites kept in the laboratory demonstrates that changes in environmental factors affect intercolonial agonism. C1 [Cornelius, M. L.; Osbrink, W. L. A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Mary.Cornelius@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s00040-009-0014-4 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 462YC UT WOS:000267393900012 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR Baker, PB Marchosky, R Machtley, SA Bellamy, DE AF Hagler, J. R. Baker, P. B. Marchosky, R. Machtley, S. A. Bellamy, D. E. TI Methods to mark termites with protein for mark-release-recapture and mark-capture type studies SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Heterotermes aureus; Protein marking; ELISA; Trophallaxis; Rabbit IgG ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES ISOPTERA; HETEROTERMES-AUREUS ISOPTERA; EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; FORAGER POPULATION-SIZE; DYE-MARKER; RED 7B; RHINOTERMITIDAE; TERRITORIES; DISPERSAL; PROTOCOLS AB Studies were conducted to investigate the feasibility of marking the southwestern desert subterranean termite, Heterotermes aureus (Snyder), with rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein for mark-release-recapture (MRR) and mark-capture type studies. Qualitative laboratory studies were conducted to determine how long reagent-grade rabbit IgG is retained on or in H. aureus that were marked either externally with a topical spray, internally by feeding them a rabbit IgG-marked food source, or both internally and externally (double marked). Marked termites were detected by an anti-rabbit IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data indicated that the termites retained the mark for at least 35 days, regardless of the marking procedure. A second series of laboratory studies were conducted to determine how fast H. aureus acquire the mark after feeding on cardboard bait that was either sprayed or soaked in different formulations of rabbit IgG. The IgGs tested were a highly purified and costly reagent grade IgG at 5.0 mg/ml and a less pure and less costly technical grade rabbit IgG at 1.0 mg/ml. The results showed that termites acquired both marks equally well after exposure to the soaked cardboard treatment. The advantages and limitations of protein marking termites with rabbit IgG for MRR or mark-capture termite studies are discussed. C1 [Hagler, J. R.; Machtley, S. A.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Baker, P. B.; Marchosky, R.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bellamy, D. E.] ED&A Consulting, Buckley, WA 98321 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM James.Hagler@ars.usda.gov; pbaker@ag.arizona.edu; rjmarcho@ag.arizona.edu; Scott.Machtley@ars.usda.gov; dave.bellamy@gmail.com FU BASF FX We would like to thank Dan Langhorst, Chrissie Pflipsen, Erik Stone, Heather Terry, Alex Yelich and Hao Yu for excellent technical support. The manuscript was improved by comments from Dawn Gouge (The University of Arizona), Michael Haverty (The University of California, Berkeley), Jean McLain (USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ), Steve Naranjo (USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ), and anonymous reviewers. This work was funded in part, by BASF. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s00040-009-0010-8 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 462YC UT WOS:000267393900013 ER PT J AU Amstrup, SC Caswell, H DeWeaver, E Stirling, I Douglas, DC Marcot, BG Hunter, CM AF Amstrup, Steven C. Caswell, Hal DeWeaver, Eric Stirling, Ian Douglas, David C. Marcot, Bruce G. Hunter, Christine M. TI Rebuttal of "Polar Bear Population Forecasts: A Public-Policy Forecasting Audit" SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE polar bear; Ursus maritimus; global warming; climate models; forecasting principles; forecasts; projections; audit; Endangered Species Act ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; ARCTIC SEA-ICE; URSUS-MARITIMUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; BEAUFORT SEA; WATER-VAPOR; SURVIVAL; COVER; AMPLIFICATION AB Observed declines in the Arctic sea ice have resulted in a variety of negative effects on polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Projections for additional future declines in sea ice resulted in a proposal to list polar bears as a threatened species under the United States Endangered Species Act. To provide information for the Department of the Interior's listing-decision process, the US Geological Survey (USGS) produced a series of nine research reports evaluating the present and future status of polar bears throughout their range. In response, Armstrong et al. [Armstrong, J. S., K. C. Green, W. Soon. 2008. Polar bear population forecasts: A public-policy forecasting audit. Interfaces 38(5) 382-405], which we will refer to as AGS, performed an audit of two of these nine reports. AGS claimed that the general circulation models upon which the USGS reports relied were not valid forecasting tools, that USGS researchers were not objective or lacked independence from policy decisions, that they did not utilize all available information in constructing their forecasts, and that they violated numerous principles of forecasting espoused by AGS. AGS (p. 382) concluded that the two USGS reports were "unscientific and inconsequential to decision makers." We evaluate the AGS audit and show how AGS are mistaken or misleading on every claim. We provide evidence that general circulation models are useful in forecasting future climate conditions and that corporate and government leaders are relying on these models to do so. We clarify the strict independence of the USGS from the listing decision. We show that the allegations of failure to follow the principles of forecasting espoused by AGS are either incorrect or are based on misconceptions about the Arctic environment, polar bear biology, or statistical and mathematical methods. We conclude by showing that the AGS principles of forecasting are too ambiguous and subjective to be used as a reliable basis for auditing scientific investigations. In summary, we show that the AGS audit offers no valid criticism of the USGS conclusion that global warming poses a serious threat to the future welfare of polar bears and that it only serves to distract from reasoned public-policy debate. C1 [Amstrup, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Caswell, Hal] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [DeWeaver, Eric] Univ Maryland, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stirling, Ian] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Ecosyst Proc Res Program, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Hunter, Christine M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Amstrup, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM samstrup@usgs.gov; hcaswell@whoi.edu; eric@atmos.umd.edu; ian.stirling@ec.gc.ca; ddouglas@usgs.gov; bmarcot@fs.fed.us; ffcmh1@uaf.edu RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; OI Caswell, Hal/0000-0003-4394-6894 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science ( BER) [DE-FG02-03ER63604]; National Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Ocean Life Institute and the Arctic Research Initiative; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; University of Alaska Fairbanks; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station FX Principal funding to support research leading to the USGS reports discussed here was provided by the US Geological Survey, the Canadian Wildlife Service, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Government of the Northwest Territories, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, and the Polar Continental Shelf Project, Ottawa, Canada. DeWeaver's research is supported by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) under Grant DE-FG02-03ER63604. Caswell and Hunter acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Ocean Life Institute and the Arctic Research Initiative at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Marcot acknowledges support from USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. We thank Cecilia Bitz and Shad O'Neel for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript and K. Simac for help in accumulating verifying and formatting references. NR 91 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 46 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0092-2102 EI 1526-551X J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 4 BP 353 EP 369 DI 10.1287/inte.1090.0444 PG 17 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 479UA UT WOS:000268685200009 ER PT J AU Unsal, O Kartal, SN Candan, Z Arango, RA Clausen, CA Green, F AF Unsal, Oner Kartal, S. Nami Candan, Zeki Arango, Rachel A. Clausen, Carol A. Green, Frederick, III TI Decay and termite resistance, water absorption and swelling of thermally compressed wood panels SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Thermal compression; Decay resistance; Termite resistance; Dimensional stability; Solid wood panels ID VERTICAL DENSITY PROFILES; DURABILITY ASPECTS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; HEAT-TREATMENT; SPRUCE; DENSIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; REASONS; FIR AB This study evaluated decay and termite resistance of thermally compressed pine wood panels under pressure at either 5 or 7 MPa and either 120 or 150 degrees C for 1 h. Wood specimens from the panels were exposed to laboratory decay resistance tests by using the wood degrading fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor. The thermal compression process caused increases in density and decreases in thickness of the panels; however, laboratory decay resistance tests revealed that thermally compressed wood was not resistant against the wood degrading fungi tested. More interesting results were found in laboratory termite resistance tests by using the Eastern subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes. As pressure and temperature applied to the specimens increased to 7 MPa and 120 degrees C, mass losses in the specimens gradually decreased in comparison with control specimens. However, the specimens compressed at 7 MPa and 150 degrees C showed higher mass losses when compared to the specimens compressed at 7 MPa and 120 degrees C The lowest water absorption and swelling rates were seen in the specimens exposed to a pressure of 7 MPa at 120 degrees C. The thermal compression process at 7 MPa and 150 degrees C resulted in the highest water absorption and swelling in the specimens. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Unsal, Oner; Kartal, S. Nami; Candan, Zeki] Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Prod Engn, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. [Arango, Rachel A.; Clausen, Carol A.; Green, Frederick, III] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Kartal, SN (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Prod Engn, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. EM snkartal@istanbul.edu.tr RI Kartal, Nami/E-6516-2013 FU Research Fund of Istanbul University [YbP-1758] FX The present work was supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University. Project No: YbP-1758. The authors also would like to thank Miss. Ece Akbulut and Miss. Dilek Celik, former undergraduate students at Department of Forest Products Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, for their assistance with swelling and water absorption testing. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 63 IS 5 BP 548 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.02.001 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463UC UT WOS:000267456600002 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, J. P. TI History of the discovery of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Toxoplasma gondi; Humans; Animals; Oocysts; Cats; Life cycle ID UNITED-STATES; SEA OTTERS; NEOTROPICAL FELIDAE; STAGE CONVERSION; DRINKING-WATER; INFECTED CATS; TOXOCARA CATI; OOCYSTS; TRANSMISSION; MICE AB It has been 100 years since the discovery of Toxoplasma gondii in 1908. Its full life cycle was not discovered until 1970 when it was found that it is a coccidian parasite of cats with all non-feline warm blooded animals (including humans) as intermediate hosts. The discovery of the environmentally resistant stage of the parasite, the oocyst, made it possible to explain its worldwide prevalence. In the present paper, events associated with the discovery of its life cycle are recalled. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 82 TC 92 Z9 101 U1 13 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 SI SI BP 877 EP 882 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.01.005 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 458DH UT WOS:000266993800006 PM 19630138 ER PT J AU Weiss, LM Dubey, JP AF Weiss, Louis M. Dubey, Jitender P. TI Toxoplasmosis: A history of clinical observations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Toxoplasma gondii; Apicomplexa; Clinical disease; History; Symptoms ID ACUTE ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; GONDII INFECTION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ADULT TOXOPLASMOSIS; ENCEPHALO-MYELITIS; MEMORIAL LECTURE AB It has been 100 years since Toxoplasma gondii was initially described in Tunis by Nicolle and Manceaux (1908) in the tissues of the gundi (Ctenodoactylus gundi) and in Brazil by Splendore (1908) in the tissues of a rabbit. Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous, Apicomplexam parasite of warm-blooded animals that can cause several clinical syndromes including encephalitis, chorioretinitis, congenital infection and neonatal mortality. Fifteen years after the description of T gondii by Nicolle and Manceaux a fatal case of toxoplasmosis in a child was reported by Janku. In 1939 Wolf, Cowen and Paige were the first to conclusively identify T. gondii as a cause of human disease. This review examines the clinical manifestations of infection with T gondii and the history of the discovery of these manifestations. (C) 2009 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weiss, Louis M.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Weiss, Louis M.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Div Parasitol, Dept Pathology, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Dubey, Jitender P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Weiss, LM (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, 1300 Morris Pk Ave,Forchheimer 504, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM lmweiss@aecom.yu.edu FU NIH NIAID [RO1 AI39454] FX This work was supported by NIH NIAID Grant RO1 AI39454 (LMW). NR 118 TC 209 Z9 230 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 895 EP 901 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.02.004 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 458DH UT WOS:000266993800008 PM 19217908 ER PT J AU Nelson, DM Glawe, AJ Labeda, DP Cann, IKO Mackiel, RI AF Nelson, David M. Glawe, Adam J. Labeda, David P. Cann, Isaac K. O. Mackiel, Roderick I. TI Paenibacillus tundrae sp nov and Paenibacillus xylanexedens sp nov., psychrotolerant, xylan-degrading bacteria from Alaskan tundra SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOENIX-DACTYLIFERA; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SOIL; DNA; AMYLOLYTICUS; PHYLLOSPHERE; SYSTEMATICS; RATES AB Eight psychrotolerant, xylan-degrading strains of bacteria that were catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and able to reduce nitrate to nitrite were isolated from soil beneath moist non-acidic and acidic tundra in northern Alaska. The DNA G + C contents for the strains ranged from 46.4-50.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that each strain belonged to the genus Paenibacillus. The highest level of 16S rRNA gene similarity was found between the eight strains and Paenibacillus amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290(T) (98.9-99.1%). However, despite relatively high 16S rRNA gene similarity, DNA-DNA hybridization, repetitive elements genotyping and phenotypic analysis revealed that at least two of the strains differed from P. amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290(T). DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain A10b(T) and P. amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290(T) (4.3%), between strain B22a(T) and P. amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290(T) (48.8%) and between strain A10b(T) and strain B22a(T) (11.0%) were below those recommended by the ad hoc committee for those belonging to the same species. Significant phenotypic features that differentiate these novel strains from P. amylolyticus included their inability to utilize L-arabinose and ability to utilize glycogen as sole carbon sources. Unlike strains 1 Boa and B22a(T), strains A6a and A10b(T) produced ethanol as an end product of glucose fermentation, utilized acetic acid and 2,3-butanediol and did not utilize D-gluconic acid. MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C(15:0) was the most abundant fatty acid for strains A10b(T) and B22a(T). On the basis of these results, strains A10b(T) and B22a(T) are each considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus tundrae sp. nov. and Paenibacillus xylanexedens sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strain of Paenibacillus tundrae sp. nov. is A10b(T) (=NRRL B-51094(T)=DSM 21291(T)). The type strain of Paenibacillus xylanexedens sp. nov. is B22a(T) (=NRRL B-51090(T)=DSM 21292(T)). C1 [Nelson, David M.; Glawe, Adam J.; Cann, Isaac K. O.; Mackiel, Roderick I.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Labeda, David P.] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Cann, Isaac K. O.; Mackiel, Roderick I.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cann, Isaac K. O.] Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, DM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM dmnelson@life.illinois.edu RI Nelson, David/D-5596-2009 OI Nelson, David/0000-0003-2755-5535 FU Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [USDA 2008-35107-18664]; Institute for Genomic Biology FX We gratefully acknowledge Chien-Lu Ping for providing the samples used in this study and E. N. Hoekstra for the isolation of DNA for G + C content determinations. We thank scientists at the DSMZ for performing DNA-DNA hybridization and fatty acid analyses. Two reviewers provided helpful suggestions for improving an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was supported by funds from the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (R. 1. M.), USDA 2008-35107-18664 (D. M. N) and a postdoctoral fellowship from the Institute for Genomic Biology (D. M. N.). Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 59 BP 1708 EP 1714 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.004572-0 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 473PM UT WOS:000268219800027 PM 19542122 ER PT J AU Kerns, BK Naylor, BJ Buonopane, M Parks, CG Rogers, B AF Kerns, Becky K. Naylor, Bridgett J. Buonopane, Michelle Parks, Catherine G. Rogers, Brendan TI Modeling Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) Habitat and Climate Change Effects in the Northwestern United States SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomapper; climate envelope modeling; exotic plants; Ecological Niche Factor Analysis; saltcedar; species distribution model AB Tamarisk species are shrubs or small trees considered by some to be among the most aggressively invasive and potentially detrimental exotic plants in the United States. Although extensively studied in the southern and interior west, northwestern (Oregon, Washington, and Idaho) distribution and habitat information for tamarisk is either limited or lacking. We obtained distribution data for the northwest, developed a habitat suitability map, and projected changes in habitat due to climate change in a smaller case study area using downscaled climate data. Results show extensive populations of tamarisk east of the Cascade Mountains. Despite the perceived novelty of tamarisk in the region, naturalized populations were present by the 1920s. Major population centers are limited to the warmest and driest environments in the central Snake River Plain, Columbia Plateau, and Northern Basin and Range. Habitat suitability model results indicate that 21% of the region supports suitable tamarisk habitat. Less than 1% of these areas are occupied by tamarisk; the remainder is highly vulnerable to invasion. Although considerable uncertainty exists regarding future climate change, we project a 2- to 10-fold increase in highly suitable tamarisk habitat by the end of the century. Our habitat suitability maps can be used in "what if" exercises as part of planning, detection, restoration, management, and eradication purposes. C1 [Kerns, Becky K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. [Naylor, Bridgett J.; Parks, Catherine G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Buonopane, Michelle] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rogers, Brendan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kerns, BK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 3160 NE 3rd St, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. EM bkerns@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 200 EP 215 DI 10.1614/IPSM-08-120.1 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V17PD UT WOS:000207948200002 ER PT J AU Thacker, E Ralphs, MH Monaco, TA AF Thacker, Eric Ralphs, Michael H. Monaco, Thomas A. TI Seeding Cool-Season Grasses to Suppress Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum), and Weedy Forbs SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Competition; weed resistant communities; successional weed management; poisonous plant AB Broom snakeweed (snakeweed) is an aggressive native range-weed found throughout arid and semiarid areas of the western United States, that increases following disturbances such as overgrazing, drought, or wildfire. Ecologically based strategies that include controlling snakeweed and reestablishing desirable herbaceous species are needed to restore productivity and diversity to invaded areas. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of selected introduced and native grass species and prostrate kochia (kochia) to prevent reinvasion of snakeweed, downy brome, and annual forbs following control. This field study was replicated at two sites (Howell and Nephi, Utah) within the sagebrush-steppe biome. Snakeweed and downy brome were controlled by picloram (0.25 kg/ha [0.22 lb/ac]) and glyphosate (1.5 kg/ha [1.3 lb/ac]). The seeding treatments were comprised of three introduced grasses and a mix of these species, three native grasses and a mix of these species, and kochia. The treatments were seeded into 3 by 15-m (10 by 50 ft) plots in October 2003. Frequency and biomass of seeded species, snakeweed, downy brome, other grasses, and annual forbs were measured in 2004, 2005, and 2008. Seeded species were evaluated for success of establishment and persistence, and their ability to restrict reinvasion of snakeweed, downy brome, and annual forbs. Crested wheatgrass and big squirreltail had the best initial establishment at both locations (> 75%). In contrast, kochia and Russian wildrye did not establish well at either site, and western wheatgrass did not establish well at Nephi. Snakeweed reestablishment was restricted in all treatments except the kochia treatments, in which kochia did not establish well. Frequency of downy brome increased at both sites, and annual forb frequency increased at Nephi to near 100%, but the better established grasses suppressed biomass production of these weedy species. Crested wheatgrass established best, had the greatest production, and provided greatest suppression of downy brome and annual weeds. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Michael.Ralphs@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1614/IPSM-08-129.1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V17PD UT WOS:000207948200005 ER PT J AU Conn, JS Seefeldt, SS AF Conn, Jeffery S. Seefeldt, Steven S. TI Invasive White Sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) Control with Herbicides, Cutting, and Flaming SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; chemical weed control; flaming; burning; cutting AB White sweetclover is invading the Alaska glacial river floodplains and roadsides adjacent to natural areas, and control methods are needed. Chlorsulfuron, 2,4-DB, clopyralid, triclopyr, and 2,4-D controlled white sweetclover seedlings below recommended rates in the greenhouse. Biomass of established plants in the field was reduced by chlorsulfuron at recommended (17.6 g ai/ha), 1/2, and 1/4 rates and was reduced by triclopyr and 2,4-D at recommended rates (1,260 and 1,600 g ai/ha). Herbicides were more effective at reducing white sweetclover viable seed production in 2007 than in 2006. Only chlorsulfuron at 17.6 g ai/ha (recommended rate) eliminated seed production in both years. Flaming killed first-year plants, but some second-year plants resprouted and produced viable seed. Cutting at the 2.5 or 10 cm height did not control first-year plants because of regrowth, and second-year plant density and seed production was reduced by cutting at 2.5 cm but not by cutting at 10 cm. C1 [Conn, Jeffery S.; Seefeldt, Steven S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarct Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarct Res Unit, 360 ONeil Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM Jeff.Conn@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.1614/IPSM-08-118.1 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V17PD UT WOS:000207948200009 ER PT J AU Colaizzi, PD Gowda, PH Marek, TH Porter, DO AF Colaizzi, P. D. Gowda, P. H. Marek, T. H. Porter, D. O. TI IRRIGATION IN THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS: A BRIEF HISTORY AND POTENTIAL REDUCTIONS IN DEMAND SO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LA English DT Article DE irrigation; Texas; Ogallala Aquifer; groundwater ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SPRAY IRRIGATION; GRAIN-SORGHUM; WINTER-WHEAT; SOIL-WATER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TILLAGE; COTTON; CORN AB Irrigation for crop production in the semi-arid Texas High Plains is dependent on groundwater withdrawals from the Ogallala Aquifer, which is declining because withdrawals exceed natural recharge. Irrigation development in the region accelerated during the 1950s. Both irrigated area and volume pumped peaked in 1974 and steadily declined during 1974-1989. By 2004, however, irrigated area was nearly the same as it was in 1958, and volume pumped had increased slightly. Several strategies to reduce groundwater withdrawals were reviewed without any reductions in irrigated land area or crop productivity. The most promising evaluated were: (1) increasing weather-based irrigation scheduling using the Texas High Plains Evapotranspiration Network (TXHPET); (2) converting gravity-irrigated land (27% of total) to centre pivot irrigation; and (3) replacing high-water to lower-water demand crops (i.e., corn to cotton), If the land area using the TXHPET network was doubled, and if gravity-irrigated lands were reduced to 10%, groundwater withdrawals could be reduced by 14%. An additional reduction of 8% may be possible by converting half of the irrigated corn area to cotton. Coyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Colaizzi, P. D.; Gowda, P. H.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Marek, T. H.] Texas A&M Univ, Amarillo, TX USA. [Porter, D. O.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agrilife Extens Serv, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Colaizzi, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM paul.colaizzi@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 8 U2 53 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1531-0353 J9 IRRIG DRAIN JI Irrig. Drain. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 58 IS 3 BP 257 EP 274 DI 10.1002/ird.418 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 476SU UT WOS:000268466100001 ER PT J AU Starr, JL Timlin, DJ Downey, PM McCann, IR AF Starr, J. L. Timlin, D. J. Downey, P. M. McCann, I. R. TI Laboratory evaluation of dual-frequency multisensor capacitance probes to monitor soil water and salinity SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; CALIBRATION; CONDUCTIVITY; IRRIGATION; DYNAMICS; SENSORS; ZONE AB Real-time information on salinity levels and transport of fertilizers are generally missing from soil profile knowledge bases. A dual-frequency multisensor capacitance probe (MCP) is now commercially available, for sandy soils, to simultaneously monitor volumetric soil water content (VWC) measured as a percentage and salinity as a unitless volumetric ion content (VIC). The objectives of this research were to assess the relationship of salinity and water content with these dual-frequency MCPs under laboratory conditions, and assess its potential for field use in sandy soils of the mid-Atlantic region of the US. Water and salinity studies were conducted in two sand-filled PVC columns, 1.2 m long by 0.25 m ID. Each column was instrumented with ten dual-frequency capacitance sensors and two thermocouple temperature sensors. Four salinity levels were studied in the two columns using 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 dSm(-1) NH(4)NO(3) solutions. Water, salinity, and temperature readings were continuously recorded at 1-min intervals. The VIC values were found to be primarily qualitative, but combined with real-time VWC measures the probe could still be an important fertigation management tool to provide near-continuous real-time information on fertilizer penetration, spread and subsequent changes during crop growth. C1 [Starr, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Timlin, D. J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Downey, P. M.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [McCann, I. R.] Univ Delaware, REC, Dept Bioresource Engn, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. RP Starr, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jlshydrology1@comcast.net NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 27 IS 5 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1007/s00271-009-0154-3 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 462HA UT WOS:000267340500005 ER PT J AU Stout, MJ Jackson, DM Hesler, LS Harris, MO French, L Lapitan, NLV Reinert, JA Botha-Oberholster, AM AF Stout, Michael J. Jackson, D. Michael Hesler, Louis S. Harris, Marion O. French, Lee Lapitan, Nora L. V. Reinert, James A. Botha-Oberholster, Anna-Maria TI International Plant Resistance to Insects (IPRI), Nineteenth Biennial Workshop, 28-31 March 2010, Charleston, SC1 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IPRI; host plant resistance; plant resistance to insects AB The Nineteenth Biennial Meeting of the International Plant Resistance to Insects (IPRI) Workshop was held 28-31 March 2010 in Charleston, SC. This workshop was attended by 71 participants from six countries. There were 17 symposium papers (three symposia), 22 submitted papers, 9 student competition papers, and 21 posters presented. The abstracts of 52 of the 69 presentations and posters are presented herein. C1 [Stout, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Jackson, D. Michael] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Hesler, Louis S.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Harris, Marion O.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [French, Lee] Lee French Agr Res Inc, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. [Lapitan, Nora L. V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reinert, James A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Botha-Oberholster, Anna-Maria] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Genet, ZA-7601 Matieland, South Africa. RP Stout, MJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, 404 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU South Carolina Entomological Society; USDA-ARS, U.S.; Vegetable Laboratory (USVL); Charleston, SC FX The le Biennial International Plant Resistance to Insects Meeting was sponsored by the South Carolina Entomological Society and by the USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory (USVL), Charleston, SC. Monetary support for this meeting was provided by the following corporate sponsors: Dow Agrosciences, French Agricultural Research, Inc., Landis International, Monsanto Company, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Valent U.S.A. Corporation, and Syngenta AG. The IPRI Steering Committee sincerely thanks Randy McWhorter, Executive Director of the South Carolina Entomological Society, who handled all financial matters, registrations, and printing of the program for this meeting. We thank Merle Shepard for arranging the details of the tour to Wadmalaw Island, and Alvin Simmons for handling audiovisual at the meeting. The assistance of the technical staff at the USVL (Jennifer Cook, Brad Peck, Ty Phillips, Paul Wade, & Emily Fillippeli) is also greatly appreciated. Without all of their hard work and dedication, the success of this meeting would not have been possible. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3 BP 107 EP 134 PG 28 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V16PM UT WOS:000207881500001 ER PT J AU Lugo-Camacho, JL Munoz, MA Perez-Bolivar, J Brannon, GR AF Lugo-Camacho, Jorge L. Munoz, Miguel A. Perez-Bolivar, Juan Brannon, Gregory R. TI Soil temperature study in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE Soil temperature; soil temperature regime; isotivity AB Soil temperature measurements from a climate monitoring network in Puerto Rico were evaluated and the difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperature, known as isotivity value, was calculated. Air and soil temperature was collected from five weather stations of the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service from sea level to 1,019 m above sea level and from different soil moisture regimes. Isotivity values ranged from 1.2 to 3.9 degrees C with an average of 2.6 degrees C. The 750-m elevation was identified as the limit between the isohyperthermic and isothermic soil temperature regimes in the perudic soil moisture regime in Puerto Rico. The greatest differences between mean annual soil temperature and mean annual air temperature were observed at Guanica, Combate and Guilarte (2.1 degrees C) stations. The smallest differences were observed at Maricao (0.8 degrees C) and Isabela (1.8 degrees C) stations. The study also indicated that the mean annual soil temperature in Puerto Rico can be estimated by adding 1.8 degrees C to the mean annual air temperature or by the equation y = -0.007x + 28.0 degrees C. The equation indicates that 97 percent of the time the behavior of the mean annual soil temperature is a function of elevation. According to the updated soil temperature regime boundaries, eight soil series were established in the Soil Survey of San German Area. In an area under the isothermic soil temperature regime, four soil series were classified as Oxisols (Haploperox), two soil series as Inceptisols (Eutrudepts) and two soil series as Mollisols (Argiudolls). This is the first field recognition of the Haploperox soil great group in the United States and its territories. C1 [Lugo-Camacho, Jorge L.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Mayaguez MLRA Soil Survey Off, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Munoz, Miguel A.; Perez-Bolivar, Juan] UPR Mayaguez, Dept Crops & Agroenvironm Sci, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Lugo-Camacho, JL (reprint author), USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Mayaguez MLRA Soil Survey Off, 2200 Pedro Albizu Campos Ave,Apt 23, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 171 PG 23 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 616BT UT WOS:000279183500001 ER PT J AU Erpelding, JE Prom, LK AF Erpelding, John E. Prom, Louis K. TI Response to anthracnose infection for a subset of Ethiopian sorghum germplasm SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE Colletotrichum sublineolum; disease evaluation; genetic resources; host plant resistance; Sorghum bicolor ID COLLETOTRICHUM-GRAMINICOLA; LEAF ANTHRACNOSE; DISEASE; YIELD AB Forty-two accessions were randomly selected from the Ethiopian sorghum collection maintained by the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System and were evaluated for anthracnose disease response during the 2004 dry and wet growing seasons in Isabela, Puerto Rico. A resistant response was observed for 20 accessions, with 13 accessions susceptible to the disease for the two growing seasons. This finding would suggest that Ethiopia would be an important source of anthracnose-resistant germplasm for sorghum improvement. Nine accessions showed variation for infection response within and between growing seasons. These accessions also showed low infection severity. Greater infection severity was observed during the dry growing season for the susceptible accessions; however, variation for mean infection severity for these accessions was not significantly different for the two seasons. Approximately 80% of the accessions showed a similar disease response across the two growing seasons. This percentage would suggest that large scale evaluations could be conducted throughout the year in Puerto Rico to screen the more than 7,000 Ethiopian sorghum accessions in the collection for the identification of anthracnose-resistant germplasm. C1 [Erpelding, John E.] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Prom, Louis K.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Erpelding, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 206 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 616BT UT WOS:000279183500004 ER PT J AU Ciomperlik, M Chu, CC Carlson, J Richards, M Henneberry, TJ AF Ciomperlik, Matthew Chu, Chang-Chi Carlson, Jason Richards, Marcus Henneberry, Thomas J. TI A survey of insect populations in Capsicum chinense L. plantings in Georgetown, St. Vincent, using modified CC traps SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE CC trap; color attraction; dichlorvos; propylene glycol; St. Vincent; insect families ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; STICKY TRAPS; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; THRIPS THYSANOPTERA; WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; COLOR; HYMENOPTERA; GREENHOUSE; CALIFORNIA AB The insect populations in hot pepper, Capsicum chinense L. (Solanaceae), were surveyed in Georgetown, St. Vincent, during the 2004 wet and 2005 dry seasons. Modified white, blue, and yellow CC traps were used to capture insects in the plantings. Overall, 69 insect families were captured, 41 of which were captured during both the wet and dry seasons. During the wet season, the greatest numbers of individuals captured were from the Cecidomyiidae, Chironomidae, Chloropidae, Chrysomelidae, Cicadellidae, and Drosophilidae families. During the dry season, the greatest numbers of individuals captured were from Chrysomelidae and Cicadellidae families. The addition of dichlorvos as a killing agent and propylene glycol as an insect preservative to the CC traps increased the number and diversity of insects caught. Additionally, propylene glycol helped to preserve the specimens for taxonomic and genetic determinations. CC traps with yellow bases attracted more insect families than traps with white or blue bases. However, CC traps with blue bases caught more Lonchaeidae during both the wet and dry seasons, and more Tachinidae during the dry season. CC traps with white or yellow trap bases were equally attractive to insects in the families Aleyrodidae, Drosophilidae, Lauxaniidae, and Otitidae. C1 [Ciomperlik, Matthew; Carlson, Jason] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Chu, Chang-Chi; Henneberry, Thomas J.] ARS Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. [Richards, Marcus] Minist Agr & Fisheries, St Vincent, WI USA. RP Ciomperlik, M (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2009 VL 93 IS 3-4 BP 207 EP 221 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 616BT UT WOS:000279183500005 ER PT J AU Moulton, K Ryan, P Lay, D Willard, S AF Moulton, K. Ryan, P. Lay, D. Willard, S. TI Postmortem photonic imaging of lux-modified Salmonella Typhimurium within the gastrointestinal tract of swine after oral inoculation in vivo SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biophotonics; gastrointestinal tract; Salmonella Typhimurium; swine ID INFECTION; PIGS; MICE; INVASION; ILEUM; CELLS; MODEL AB The study objective was to monitor Salmonella progression by photonic detection through segments of the gastrointestinal tract after oral inoculation. Pigs (similar to 80 kg) were inoculated orally with 3.1 or 4.1 x 10(10) cfu of Salmonella Typhimurium transformed with plasmid pAK1-lux for a 6-h (n = 6) or 12-h (n - 6) incubation in vivo and then were killed for tissue harvest. Intestinal regions (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine) were divided into 5 replicates of 4 segments (5 cm) each for imaging. For each replicate, n = 2 segments of each region were intact, whereas n - 2 segments were opened to expose the digesta. Subsamples of digesta were analyzed to determine actual colony-forming units, and images were analyzed for relative light units per second. At 6 h, a greater (P < 0.05) concentration of emitting bacteria, and consequently a greater (P < 0.05) detection of photonic emissions, was observed in the small intestine than in the large intestine. The correlations (6 h) of photonic emissions in exposed segments to bacterial colony-forming units were r = 0.73, 0.62, 0.56, and 0.52 (P < 0.05) in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and large intestine, respectively. Photonic emissions were greater (P < 0.05) in intact jejunum, ileum, and large intestine than in the duo-denum after a 6-h incubation. At 12 h, a greater (P < 0.05) concentration of emitting bacteria in jejunum and ileum of exposed segments was observed than in duodenum and large intestine of exposed segments. Photonic emissions were greater in ileum than duodenum, jejunum, and large intestine of exposed segments (P < 0.05). The correlations (12 h) of photonic emissions in exposed segments to bacterial colony-forming units were r = 0.71 and 0.62 for jejunum and ileum, respectively (P < 0.05). At 12 h, a greater (P < 0.05) concentration of emitting bacteria in jejunum and ileum of intact segments was observed than in duodenum and large intestine. These data indicate that colony-forming units of introduced bacteria remained greater in the small intestine after 6- and 12-h incubations; we have determined that a minimum of 2.0 x 105 cfu generates detection through these tissues (similar to 1.0 to 21.0 relative light units/s). This study demonstrates the feasibility of using biophotonics in research models ex vivo for monitoring the pathogenicity of Salmonella in swine, in place of, or in conjunction with, traditional microbiological assessments and whether a greater level of sensitivity of detection and correlation to actual bacterial concentrations can be achieved. C1 [Moulton, K.; Ryan, P.; Willard, S.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Lay, D.] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Willard, S (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM swillard@ads.msstate.edu FU USDA-NRI [200335201-13841]; USDA-ARS [586402-3-0120] FX This work was supported by the USDA-NRI grant No. 200335201-13841, USDA-ARS-funded Biophotonics Initiative No. 586402-3-0120, and is a contribution to the W-173 Multi-State Regional Research Project: Stress Factors and Effects on Performance in Livestock. We thank the Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences and the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station for study resource support. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 87 IS 7 BP 2239 EP 2244 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1470 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 458LD UT WOS:000267021300006 PM 19329481 ER PT J AU Klotz, JL Kirch, BH Aiken, GE Bush, LP Strickland, JR AF Klotz, J. L. Kirch, B. H. Aiken, G. E. Bush, L. P. Strickland, J. R. TI Bioaccumulation of ergovaline in bovine lateral saphenous veins in vitro SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine; ergovaline; lysergic acid; tall fescue; vasoconstriction ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; LYSERGIC-ACID; BEEF-CATTLE; ALKALOIDS; BIOASSAY; TISSUES AB Ergot alkaloids have been associated with vasoconstriction in grazing livestock affected by the fescue toxicosis syndrome. Previous in vitro investigations studying how ergot alkaloids caused vasoconstriction have shown that ergovaline has a distinct receptor affinity and sustained contractile response. A similar contractile response has not been noted for lysergic acid. The objectives of this study were to determine if repetitive in vitro exposure of bovine lateral saphenous vein to lysergic acid or ergovaline would result in an increasing contractile response and if a measurable bioaccumulation of the alkaloids in the vascular tissue occurs over time. Segments of vein were surgically biopsied from healthy, Angus x Brangus cross-bred, fescuena naive yearling heifers (n = 16) or collected from healthy mixed breed and sex cattle immediately after slaughter (n = 12) at a local abattoir. Veins were trimmed of excess fat and connective tissue, sliced into cross-sections, and suspended in a myograph chamber containing 5 mL of oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer (95% O(2)/5% CO(2); pH = 7.4; 37 degrees C). Contractile responses to repetitive additions of ergovaline (1 x 10(-9) and 1 x 10(-7) M) and lysergic acid (1 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-4) M) were evaluated using the biopsied veins. For the bioaccumulation experiments, veins collected at the abattoir underwent repetitive additions of 1 x 10(-7) M ergovaline and 1 x 10(-5) M lysergic acid and the segments were removed after every 2 additions and media rinses for alkaloid quantification via HPLC/mass spectrometry. Contractile data were normalized as a percentage of contractile response induced by a reference dose of norepinephrine (1 x 10(-4) M). Repetitive additions of 1 x 10(-9) M ergovaline and 1 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-4) M lysergic acid resulted in contractile response with a negative slope (P < 0.02). In contrast, repetitive addition of 1 x 10(-7) M ergovaline resulted in a contractile response that increased with each addition (P < 0.01). Lysergic acid and ergovaline were detected at all 4 exposure levels (2x to 8x), but only the 1 x 10(-7) M ergovaline treatment resulted in increased tissue content as the number of exposures increased (P < 0.05). These data indicate that ergovaline, but not lysergic acid, bioaccumulates with repetitive exposure in vitro. These results suggest that ergovaline may have a greater potential for inducing toxicosis in grazing animals than lysergic acid because of its potential to bioaccumulate at the cellular site of action. C1 [Klotz, J. L.; Kirch, B. H.; Aiken, G. E.; Strickland, J. R.] USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Bush, L. P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Klotz, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM james.klotz@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 87 IS 7 BP 2437 EP 2447 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1692 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 458LD UT WOS:000267021300029 PM 19286813 ER PT J AU McMullen, SE Schenck, FJ Vega, VA AF McMullen, Sarah E. Schenck, Frank J. Vega, Victor A. TI Rapid Method for the Determination and Confirmation of Fluoroquinolone Residues in Catfish Using Liquid Chromatography/Fluorescence Detection and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID MULTIRESIDUE DETERMINATION; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; ANTIBIOTICS; CAMPYLOBACTER; SHRIMP AB A simplified method for the extraction and determination of four fluoroquinolone (FQ) residues (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, and difloxacin) in catfish is presented. In this method, the FQ residues were extracted with acidified acetonitrile, and the extract was defatted with dispersive C(18) solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent or hexane. A portion of the extract was evaporated and reconstituted in the mobile phase. The quantitative determination was accomplished with LC-fluorescence detection (FLD), and the confirmation was by LC-MS/MS. Fortifications of catfish tissue were carried out at 0.5x, x, 2x, and 4x, where x = 5 ppb (U.S. Food and Drug Administration current regulatory target level). Recoveries for the LC/FLD determination of five replicates (for both cleanup routes) at each level ranged from 64 to 98%, with RSD values <8%. The method quantitation limits for all residues were <1 ng/g. The LC-MS/MS analysis of the same extracts confirmed all FQ residues at all levels. This method is an improvement over existing methodologies since additional cleanup steps, such as cation exchange SPE column cleanup, are not utilized. The C(18) dispersive SPE method represents a novel cleanup approach for FQs in fish tissue. C1 [McMullen, Sarah E.; Schenck, Frank J.] US FDA, SE Reg Lab, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Vega, Victor A.] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP McMullen, SE (reprint author), US FDA, SE Reg Lab, 60 8th St NE, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. EM sarah.mcmullen@fda.hhs.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 92 IS 4 BP 1233 EP 1240 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 487CP UT WOS:000269248500032 PM 19714995 ER PT J AU Shivik, JA Palmer, GL Gese, EA Osthaus, B AF Shivik, John A. Palmer, Gemma L. Gese, Eric A. Osthaus, Britta TI Captive Coyotes Compared to Their Counterparts in the Wild: Does Environmental Enrichment Help? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL WELFARE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR; INDICATOR; STRESS; INTERFACE; CORTISOL; ANIMALS AB This article attempts to determine the effects of environment (captive or wild) and a simple form of environmental enrichment on the behavior and physiology of a nonhuman animal. Specifically, analyses first compared behavioral budgets and stereotypic behavior of captive coyotes (Canis latrans) in kennels and pens to their counterparts in the wild. Second, experiments examined the effect of a simple form of environmental enrichment for captive coyotes (food-filled bones) on behavioral budgets, stereotypies, and corticosteroid levels. Overall, behavioral budgets of captive coyotes in both kennels and pens were similar to those observed in the wild, but coyotes in captivity exhibited significantly more stereotypic behavior. Intermittently providing a bone generally lowered resting and increased foraging behaviors but did not significantly reduce stereotypic behavior or alter corticosteroid levels. Thus, coyote behavior in captivity can be similar to that exhibited in the wild; in addition, although enrichment can affect proportions of elicited behaviors, abnormal behaviors and corticosteroid levels may require more than a simple form of environmental enrichment for their reduction. C1 [Shivik, John A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Palmer, Gemma L.; Osthaus, Britta] Univ Exeter, Sch Psychol, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Shivik, JA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,USDA, 163 BNR Bldg, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM john.shivik@aphis.usda.gov RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 FU National Wildlife Research Center [QA 1285] FX This study was funded by the National Wildlife Research Center. Research and Institutional Animal Care and Use protocols were approved by the National Wildlife Research Center (QA 1285). We are grateful to the staff and volunteers at the Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center's Predator Research Facility in Millville, UT, for their time, effort, help, and patience during the study. We especially thank Stacey Brummer for sharing her knowledge and Lynne Gilbert-Norton for her support and assistance. We also thank Joan Bauman and personnel at the Saint Louis Zoo for the analyses of fecal corticosteroid levels. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 30 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1088-8705 EI 1532-7604 J9 J APPL ANIM WELF SCI JI J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1080/10888700902955989 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 473YL UT WOS:000268248400004 PM 20183476 ER PT J AU McQuate, GT AF McQuate, G. T. TI Effectiveness of GF-120NF Fruit Fly Bait as a suppression tool for Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infestation; protein bait; solanaceae ID MELON FLY; PLANTS; ATTRACTIVENESS; CUCURBITAE AB Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) is a tephritid fruit fly of primarily Asian distribution that has invaded Hawaii and, more recently, the continent of Africa (Tanzania and Kenya). It primarily infests solanaceous fruits, so has the potential to impact production of crops such as peppers (Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Because little work has been done to develop suppression techniques for this fruit fly species, field cage tests of the effectiveness of a commercially available bait spray, GF-120NF Fruit Fly Bait, against wild B. latifrons were conducted. Sexually mature B. latifrons adults (75 male and 75 female) were introduced to both a control cage and a treatment cage, each of which held six fruiting Anaheim chili pepper (C. annuum L.) plants. Fruits were harvested, and assessed for infestation, both before and after the application of the bait spray in the treatment cage. There was no difference in infestation rate between control and treatment cages before the application of the bait spray, whereas there was a significantly lower infestation rate in treatment cages following the application of the bait spray. Post-spray infestation rate in the treatment cages (in two separate, replicated bioassays) was always zero and no live flies were detected in the treatment cages at the end of the trials. The results of this study provide evidence that GF-120NF Fruit Fly Bait should be effective in suppressing B. latifrons populations in the field. C1 USDA ARS, PBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP McQuate, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS, PBARC, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM grant.mcquate@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 133 IS 6 BP 444 EP 448 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01386.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 456JL UT WOS:000266841400005 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Panter, KE Lee, ST Gardner, DR Stegelmeier, BL Cook, D AF Welch, K. D. Panter, K. E. Lee, S. T. Gardner, D. R. Stegelmeier, B. L. Cook, D. TI Cyclopamine-induced synophthalmia in sheep: defining a critical window and toxicokinetic evaluation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Veratrum californicum; cyclopamine; cyclopia; holoprosencephaly; synophthalmia; sheep ID VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM DURAND; CYCLOPIAN-TYPE MALFORMATION; EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH; TERATOGENIC COMPOUNDS; MATERNAL INGESTION; ALKALOID CYCLOPAMINE; LAMBS; PLANT; INHIBITION; FRACTIONS AB Cyclopamine, a steroidal alkaloid, from the plant Veratrum californicum is teratogenic, causing a range of different birth defects. The critical window for cyclopamine-induced synophthalmia formation has been reported to be gestational day (GD) 14. The objectives of this study were to better describe cyclopamine-induced craniofacial deformities, to better define the window of susceptibility to synophthalmia formation, and to characterize cyclopamine toxicokinetics in sheep. Ewes were dosed i.v. with purified cyclopamine for toxicokinetic analysis. Another four groups of ewes were dosed orally twice daily with 0.88 g/kg of V. colifornicum on GD 13, 14 or 15 or consecutively on GD days 13-15. Pregnancy and pre-partum fetal malformations were determined by ultrasound imaging on GD 60. At parturition lambs were assessed for gross malformations. The elimination half-life of cyclopamine in ewes was determined to be 1.1 +/- 0.1 h. The rapid clearance of cyclopamine indicates that ingestion of V. colifornicum must occur during a very narrow window for synophthalmia formation to occur. Ewes dosed with V. californicum on GD 13 or 14 had lambs with various craniofacial malformations including cyclopia, maxillary dysplasia and mandibular micrognathia. Ewes dosed on GD 15 delivered normal lambs. Ewes dosed consecutively on GD 13-15 were not pregnant at GD 60 and Veratrum-induced embryonic death was assumed to be the cause. Interestingly, lambs with cyclopia were smaller, under-developed and appeared premature even though their twin appeared fully developed. Initial evaluations suggest this was due to placental dysplasia. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Welch, K. D.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Welch, KD (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM Kevin.Welch@ars.usda.gov FU Utah State Agricultural Experiment Station, UAES [8048] FX We acknowledge the technical assistance of Kendra Dewey, Andrea Dolbear and Scott Larsen. We also acknowledge Al Maciulus, Rex Probst and Danny Hansen for their help with the care and handling of the animals. Additionally, we thank the Cache Valley Specialty Hospital, especially John Pugmire, for their help with the CT imaging. This work was performed with the support of the Utah State Agricultural Experiment Station, UAES no. 8048. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 414 EP 421 DI 10.1002/jat.1427 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 477KS UT WOS:000268518600007 PM 19301244 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Liow, PS Lembi, CA AF Spencer, David F. Liow, P. -S. Lembi, C. A. TI Effect of a Combination of Two Rice Herbicides on the Cyanobacterium, Nostoc spongiaeforme SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BENSULFURON METHYL ACTIVITY; VARIABLE-LEAF MILFOIL; CARFENTRAZONE-ETHYL; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; HYDRILLA; EFFICACY; GROWTH C1 [Spencer, David F.; Liow, P. -S.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lembi, C. A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 47 BP 145 EP 147 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 525HE UT WOS:000272204900009 ER PT J AU Klindworth, DL Hareland, GA Elias, EM Faris, JD Chao, S Xu, SS AF Klindworth, D. L. Hareland, G. A. Elias, E. M. Faris, J. D. Chao, S. Xu, S. S. TI Agronomic and quality characteristics of two new sets of Langdon durum-wild emmer wheat chromosome substitution lines SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Durum; Wild emmer; Chromosome substitution; Grain protein content ID GRAIN PROTEIN-CONTENT; L. VAR.-DICOCCOIDES; RED SPRING WHEAT; CONTENT GENE GPC-B1; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; RECURRENT SELECTION; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; LOCATION; LOCUS; YIELD AB Triticum turgidum L var. dicoccoides has been a useful source of genes for high grain protein content (GPC) in wheat. The objective of this study was to test the agronomic and quality characteristics of 23 durum Langdon-T dicoccoides (LDN-DIC) substitutions based on T dicoccoides accessions PI 481521 (LDN521) and PI 478742 (LDN742), with emphasis on finding new genes for high GPC. The 23 LDN-DIC substitutions and checks were grown in replicated yield trials at Fargo and Prosper, ND in 2005-2006. The lines were evaluated for grain yield, plant height, and heading date. Twelve quality traits, including GPC, were evaluated using standard methods. Potentially useful variation for thousand-kernel weight, kernel size, semolina extraction, and semolina brightness and color, was identified. Eight lines including LDN742-613, LDN521-5B, LDN742-7A, LDN742-5B, LDN521-2A, LDN742-7B, and LDN521-1A had significantly, higher GPC than LDN, suggesting that chromosomes 1A, 2A, 5B, and 7B of PI 481521 and 7A, 5B, 6B, and 7B of PI 478742 may carry high GPC genes. Using allele specific marker Xuhw89, LDN742-6B was shown to carry the same Gpc-B1 allele as in Israel A. The remaining six lines with high GPC are potential sources of new high GPC genes for durum wheat. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Klindworth, D. L.; Hareland, G. A.; Faris, J. D.; Chao, S.; Xu, S. S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Elias, E. M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM steven.xu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-22000-033-00D] FX The authors wish to thank Stan Stancyk for assistance with field plot maintenance, Jorge Dubcovsky for suggestions for molecular marker analysis, Chenggen Chu for technical assistance with molecular marker (Xucw101) screening, and Jae-Bom Ohm and William Berzonsky for critical review of the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS project no. 5442-22000-033-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.02.003 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 472GB UT WOS:000268117100004 ER PT J AU Ma, DY Zhang, Y Xia, XC Morris, CF He, ZH AF Ma, Dongyun Zhang, Yan Xia, Xianchun Morris, Craig F. He, Zhonghu TI Milling and Chinese raw white noodle qualities of common wheat near-isogenic lines differing in puroindoline b alleles SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Common wheat; Puroindoline alleles; Near-isogenic lines; Chinese raw white noodles ID GRAIN-SOFTNESS PROTEIN; WINTER WHEATS; SPRING WHEAT; PAN BREAD; HARDNESS; TRAITS; GENES; CULTIVARS; DIVERSITY; FRIABILIN AB Understanding the effects of different alleles at the puroindoline b (Pinb) locus on processing quality will provide crucial information for quality improvement. Seven near-isogenic lines (NILs) planted at two locations in the 2008 cropping season were used to deter-mine the effect of puroindoline b alleles on milling performance and Chinese raw white noodle (CRWN) quality. The Pina-D1b/pinb-D1a genotype possessed significantly higher values in grain hardness, protein content and starch damage than other genotypes, whereas the Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d genotype had the lowest grain hardness and starch damage, with higher break flour yield, and less reduction flour yield, higher flour colour L*, and lower flour colour b*, than other genotypes. Farinograph parameters, except for water absorption, were not significantly affected by variation of puroindoline b alleles. Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1e had the highest peak viscosity, whereas the lowest value was observed in a Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a genotype. For CRWN quality, higher noodle viscoelasticity was obtained in the genotype Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1e and Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1g, whereas Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d had a lower smoothness score. Genotypes with Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1e and Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1g produced the best total noodle score. it was concluded that genotype Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d had better milling qualities, whereas Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1e and Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1g had slightly superior CRWN qualities in comparison with other genotypes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Zhonghu] CAAS, CIMMYT China Off, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Ma, Dongyun] Henan Agr Univ, Natl Wheat Engn Res Ctr, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. [Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP He, ZH (reprint author), CAAS, CIMMYT China Off, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, 12 Zhongguancun S St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhhe@public3.bta.netcn RI Xia, Xianchun/L-2402-2015; He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015 FU National Basic Research Program [2009CB118300]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30830072] FX The authors are grateful to Prof R.A. McIntosh, University of Sydney, Australia, for kindly reviewing this paper. This project was funded by the National Basic Research Program (2009CB118300) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30830072). NR 31 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 EI 1095-9963 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.03.006 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 472GB UT WOS:000268117100018 ER PT J AU Chen, YG Poland, TM AF Chen, Yigen Poland, Therese M. TI Interactive Influence of Leaf Age, Light Intensity, and Girdling on Green Ash Foliar Chemistry and Emerald Ash Borer Development SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fraxinus pennsylvanica; Agrilus planipennis; Abiotic factors; Foliar nutrition; Plant defense ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; CARBON-NUTRIENT BALANCE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; FRAXINUS-MANDSHURICA; NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY; GENE-EXPRESSION; OPTIMAL DEFENSE; NORTH-AMERICA; AMINO-ACIDS; LEAVES AB Biotic and abiotic environmental factors affect plant nutritional quality and defensive compounds that confer plant resistance to herbivory. Influence of leaf age, light availability, and girdling on foliar nutrition and defense of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh) was examined in this study. Longevity of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), adults reared on green ash foliage subjected to these factors was assayed. Mature leaves generally were more nutritious with greater amino acids and a greater ratio of protein to non-structural carbohydrate (P:C) than young leaves, in particular when trees were grown in shade. On the other hand, mature leaves had lower amounts of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors, and total phenolics compared to young leaves. Lower defense of mature leaves alone, or along with higher nutritional quality may lead to increased survival and longevity of emerald ash borer feeding on mature leaves. Sunlight reduced amino acids and P:C ratio, irrespective of leaf age and girdling, and elevated total protein of young foliage, but not protein of mature leaves. Sunlight also dramatically increased all investigated defensive compounds of young, but not mature leaves. Girdling reduced green ash foliar nutrition, especially, of young leaves grown in shade and of mature leaves grown in sun. However emerald ash borer performance did not differ when fed leaves from trees grown in sun or shade, or from girdled or control trees. One explanation is that emerald ash borer reared on lower nutritional quality food may compensate for nutrient deficiency by increasing its consumption rate. The strong interactions among leaf age, light intensity, and girdling on nutrition and defense highlight the need for caution when interpreting data without considering possible interactions. C1 [Chen, Yigen] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Chen, YG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ygchen@msu.edu FU USDA Forest Service, NA FHP FX Tina Ciaramitaro and Deborah Miller maintained the EAB colony and trees in the greenhouse. Drs. Dan Herms (Department of Entomology, the Ohio State University, OH), James Miller (Department of Entomology, the Michigan State University, MI), and two anonymous reviewers provided critical reviews of an earlier draft of the manuscript. Statistical Consulting Center (College of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Michigan State University) assisted with part of the statistical analyses. The authors thank all of these individuals and organizations. The research was supported by the USDA Forest Service, NA FHP. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 35 IS 7 BP 806 EP 815 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9661-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 473YZ UT WOS:000268250600008 PM 19568811 ER PT J AU Bacetty, AA Snook, ME Glenn, AE Noe, JP Nagabhyru, P Bacon, CW AF Bacetty, Ada A. Snook, Maurice E. Glenn, Anthony E. Noe, James P. Nagabhyru, Padmaja Bacon, Charles W. TI Chemotaxis Disruption in Pratylenchus Scribneri by Tall Fescue Root Extracts and Alkaloids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemoreception; Ergovaline; Ergot alkaloids; Festuca arundinacea; Fungal endophyte; Loline alkaloids; Neotyphodium coenophialum; Pratylenchus scribneri; Tall fescue ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; C-ELEGANS; ACREMONIUM; ENDOPHYTE; DOPAMINE; COENOPHIALUM; SEROTONIN AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) forms a symbiotic relationship with the clavicipitalean fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum. Endophyte-infected grass is tolerant to nematode, but the factors responsible are unknown. One objective of this work was to determine if root extracts of tall fescue effected chemoreceptor activity of Pratylenchus scribneri by using an in vitro chemoreception bioassay. Another objective was to determine if specific ergot alkaloids (ergovaline, ergotamine, a-ergocryptine, ergonovine), and loline alkaloids, all produced by the fungal endophyte, altered chemotaxis with this bioassay. Methanolic extract from roots altered chemotaxis activities in this nematode but only from roots of plants cultured 45 a parts per thousand yen d, which repelled nematodes. Extracts prepared from noninfected grasses were attractants. This assay indicated that the alkaloids were either repellents or attractants. N-formylloline was an attractant at concentrations of 20 mu g/ml and lower, while at higher concentrations it was a repellent. Ergovaline, the major ergot alkaloid produced by the endophyte, was repellent at both high and low concentrations and caused complete death of the nematodes. C1 [Bacetty, Ada A.; Snook, Maurice E.; Glenn, Anthony E.; Bacon, Charles W.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Bacetty, Ada A.; Noe, James P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Nagabhyru, Padmaja] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM charles.bacon@ars.usda.gov RI Nagabhyru, Padmaja/B-4263-2014 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 35 IS 7 BP 844 EP 850 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9657-x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 473YZ UT WOS:000268250600012 PM 19575265 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Hicks, PD Hawthorne, KM AF Abrams, Steven A. Hicks, Penni D. Hawthorne, Keli M. TI Higher Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in School-Age Children Are Inconsistently Associated with Increased Calcium Absorption SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; BONE MINERALIZATION; SOUTHERN TASMANIA; YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; D INSUFFICIENCY; GIRLS; PREVALENCE; KINETICS; DETERMINANTS; METABOLISM AB Context: Increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in adults may enhance calcium absorption (Ca-abs). There are few similar pediatric data leading to uncertainty about the optimal target for 25-OHD to maximize Ca-abs. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between 25-OHD and Ca-abs in a large cohort of school-age children and adolescents. Design: We evaluated data from 439 Ca-abs measurements performed using dual-tracer stable isotope techniques conducted at our center over a 15-yr period in 251 healthy children, 4.9-16.7 yr of age. Results: Serum 25-OHD ranged from 28 to 197 nmol/liter(mean 85 +/- 2 nmol/liter) (SEM). Total Ca-abs (intake times fractional absorption) were significantly correlated to 25-OHD in the whole population (r = 0.16, P = 0.001). This relationship was closer in the 197 studies in early puberty (Tanner 2 or 3, r = 0.35, P < 0.001) and not significant in pre- or late pubertal subjects. For the whole population, fractional Ca-abs adjusted for calcium intake were slightly but significantly higher at 25-OHD of 28-50 nmol/liter (0.344 +/- 0.019) compared with 25-OHD of 50-80 nmol/liter (0.280 +/- 0.014) or 25-OHD greater than 80 nmol/liter (0.297 +/- 0.015, P < 0.01 for each), suggesting adaptation to moderately low 25-OHD values. Conclusion: There is no consistent pattern of relationship between 25-OHD and either fractional or total calcium absorption in school-age children. However, there appears to be a modest calcium absorptive response to higher 25-OHD during early puberty. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 2421-2427, 2009) C1 [Abrams, Steven A.; Hicks, Penni D.; Hawthorne, Keli M.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU USDA/ARS [58-6250-6-001]; National Center for Research Resources General Clinical Research [RR00188]; National Institutes of Health [AR43740] FX Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Steven A. Abrams, M.D., U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, 1100 Bates Street, Houston Texas 77030. E-mail: sabrams@bcm.edu.; This work is a publication of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital (Houston, TX). This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-6-001, National Center for Research Resources General Clinical Research for Children Grant RR00188, and National Institutes of Health Grant AR43740. Contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U. S. government.; Disclosure Summary: The authors have nothing to disclose. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 94 IS 7 BP 2421 EP 2427 DI 10.1210/jc.2008-2587 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 467UB UT WOS:000267767500034 PM 19383779 ER PT J AU Ngwa, AT Dawson, LJ Puchala, R Detweiler, G Merkel, RC Wang, Z Tesfai, K Sahlu, T Ferrell, CL Goetsch, AL AF Ngwa, A. T. Dawson, L. J. Puchala, R. Detweiler, G. Merkel, R. C. Wang, Z. Tesfai, K. Sahlu, T. Ferrell, C. L. Goetsch, A. L. TI Effects of stage of lactation and dietary forage level on body composition of Alpine dairy goats SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy goat; lactation; body composition ID SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; RESERVES AB Multiparous Alpine does (42) were used to determine how stage of lactation and dietary forage level affect body composition. The feeding and body composition portion of the study had a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Eighteen does were fed a 40% forage diet (40F) and 18 received a diet with 60% forage (60F) for approximately 2, 4, or 6 mo of lactation (59 +/- 1.3, 116 +/- 1.0, and 184 +/- 1.4 d, respectively), followed by determination of body composition (6 does per diet at each time of slaughter). Does were assigned sequentially to treatments as kidding occurred. The 60F diet had 20% more dehydrated alfalfa pellets than the 40F diet, with higher levels of corn and soybean meal and inclusion of supplemental fat in the 40F diet. Initial body composition measures were made with 6 other does a few days after kidding (0 mo; 4 +/- 0.6 d). Before parturition, does were fed a 50% concentrate diet free choice. Intake of dry matter was greater for 60F than for 40F, average daily gain tended to be affected by an interaction between diet and month (0, 24, 121, -61, 46, and 73 g), and 4% fat-corrected milk was less in mo 5 to 6 than earlier. Internal fat mass was greatest among times at 6 mo and greater for 40F than for 60F. Mass of the gastrointestinal tract was less for 40F than for 60F and decreased with increasing time in lactation. Concentrations of fat in the carcass (13.8, 13.1, 16.5, 11.2, 11.5, and 14.4%), noncarcass tissues (18.6, 24.2, 33.3, 14.3, 16.5, and 24.5%), and empty body (16.5, 18.7, 25.2, 12.9, 14.1, and 19.5% for 40F at 2 mo, 40F at 4 mo, 40F at 6 mo, 60F at 2 mo, 60F at 4 mo, and 60F at 6 mo, respectively) were affected by stage of lactation and diet. Based on daily change in tissue mass and energy, energy concentration in tissue mobilized or accreted was 16, 20, and 32 MJ/kg in 1 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 6 mo of lactation, respectively. In conclusion, based on tissue mass, more energy was expended by the gastrointestinal tract with 60F than with 40F. Considerable internal fat appeared to be mobilized in early lactation, particularly with the diet moderate to high in forage, with more rapid and a greater magnitude of repletion by does consuming the diet lower in forage. The concentration of energy in tissue mobilized or accreted varied with stage of lactation, being considerably greater at 5 to 6 mo of lactation than earlier. C1 [Ngwa, A. T.; Dawson, L. J.; Puchala, R.; Detweiler, G.; Merkel, R. C.; Wang, Z.; Tesfai, K.; Sahlu, T.; Goetsch, A. L.] Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Dawson, L. J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Ferrell, C. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu FU USDA [03-38814-13923] FX This project was supported by USDA Project Number 03-38814-13923. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3374 EP 3385 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2079 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 458LL UT WOS:000267022500040 PM 19528614 ER PT J AU Wiggans, GR Sonstegard, TS Vanraden, PM Matukumalli, LK Schnabel, RD Taylor, JF Schenkel, FS Van Tassell, CP AF Wiggans, G. R. Sonstegard, T. S. Vanraden, P. M. Matukumalli, L. K. Schnabel, R. D. Taylor, J. F. Schenkel, F. S. Van Tassell, C. P. TI Selection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and quality of genotypes used in genomic evaluation of dairy cattle in the United States and Canada SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genomic prediction; genotyping; single-nucleotide polymorphism AB Nearly 57,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA) were investigated to determine usefulness of the associated SNP for genomic prediction. Genotypes were obtained for 12,591 bulls and cows, and SNP were selected based on 5,503 bulls with genotypes from a larger set of SNP. The following SNP were deleted: 6,572 that were monomorphic, 3,213 with scoring problems (primarily because of poor definition of clusters and excess number of clusters), and 3,649 with a minor allele frequency of < 2%. Number of SNP for each minor allele frequency class (>= 2%) was fairly uniform (777 to 1,004). For 5 contiguous SNP assigned to chromosome 7, no bulls were heterozygous, which indicated that those SNP are actually on the nonpseudoautosomal portion of the X chromosome. Another 178 SNP that were not assigned to a chromosome but that had many fewer heterozygotes than expected were also assigned to the X chromosome. Existence of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was investigated by comparing observed with expected heterozygosity. For 11 SNP, the observed percentage of heterozygous individuals differed from the expected by > 15%; therefore, those SNP were deleted. For 2,628 SNP, the genotype at another SNP was highly correlated (i.e., genotypes were identical for > 99.5% of bulls), and those were deleted. After edits, 40,874 SNP remained. A parent progeny conflict was declared when the genotypes were alternate homozygotes. Mean number of conflicts was 2.3 when pedigree was correct and 2,411 when it was incorrect. The sire was genotyped for > 93% of animals. Maternal grandsire genotype was similarly checked; however, because alternate homozygotes could be valid, a conflict threshold of 16% was used to indicate a need for further investigation. Genotyping consistency was investigated for 21 bulls genotyped twice with differences primarily from SNP that were not scored in one of the genotypes. Concordance for readable SNP was extremely high (99.96-100%). Thousands of SNP that were polymorphic in Holsteins were monomorphic in Jerseys or Brown Swiss, which indicated that breed-specific SNP sets are required or that all breeds need to be considered in the SNP selection process. Genotypes from the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip are of high accuracy and provide the basis for genomic evaluations in the United States and Canada. C1 [Wiggans, G. R.; Sonstegard, T. S.; Vanraden, P. M.; Matukumalli, L. K.; Van Tassell, C. P.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matukumalli, L. K.] George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Schnabel, R. D.; Taylor, J. F.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Schenkel, F. S.] Univ Guelph, Ctr Genet Improvement Livestock, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Wiggans@ars.usda.gov OI Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [35205-16888, 2006-3520516701]; National Association of Animal Breeders, Holstein Association USA ( Brattleboro, VT); American Jersey Cattle Association ( Reynoldsburg, OH) FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Grants 2006-35205-16888 and 2006-3520516701 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service and by the National Association of Animal Breeders, Holstein Association USA ( Brattleboro, VT), and American Jersey Cattle Association ( Reynoldsburg, OH). NR 10 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3431 EP 3436 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1758 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 458LL UT WOS:000267022500047 PM 19528621 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Wright, JR Hubbard, SM Miller, RH Hutchison, JL AF Norman, H. D. Wright, J. R. Hubbard, S. M. Miller, R. H. Hutchison, J. L. TI Reproductive status of Holstein and Jersey cows in the United States SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conception rate; nonreturn rate; reproduction; breeding ID VOLUNTARY WAITING PERIOD; DAIRY-CATTLE; MILK-YIELD; GENETIC-ASPECTS; ECONOMIC VALUE; FERTILITY; HERDS; PERFORMANCE; TRAITS; TRENDS AB Reproductive information since 1995 from the USDA national dairy database was used to calculate yearly Holstein and Jersey means for days to first breeding after calving (DFB), 70-d nonreturn rate, conception rate (CR), number of breedings per lactation (NB), interval between first and last breedings during the lactation, days to last breeding after calving (DLB), pregnancy rate (PR), calving interval (CI), and interval between consecutive breedings. Data were from nearly 20 million breedings during >8 million lactations of >5 million cows in >23,000 herds. Means were also calculated for some traits by parity and breeding number for both breeds and by geographical region and synchronization status for Holsteins. The DFB declined for Holsteins from 92 d in 1996 to 85 d in 2007; the trend in yearly differences was not as consistent for Jerseys. First- and all-breeding 70-d nonreturn rate declined 5 to 9 percentage units over time. First- and all-breeding CR declined 2 to 4 percentage units. The DFB were longer for later parities of Holsteins than for early parities. Second-and third-breeding CR were sometimes 1 to 2 percentage units above first-breeding CR for Holsteins but lower (1 to 7 percentage units) for Jerseys. The CR within breeding number declined across parities for both breeds. The NB increased by 0.3 to 0.4 breedings over time but remained constant (2.5 or 2.6 breedings) across parities for Holsteins and increased (from 2.2 to 2.4 breedings) for Jerseys. Holstein DFB were fewest in the Northwest (78 d) and greatest in the Mountain region (92 d). Regional CR was highest for the Northeast and Southwest (33%) and lowest for the Southeast (26%); NB was fewest for the Northeast (2.3) and greatest for the Southeast (2.7). Mean DLB was fewest for the Southwest (127 d) and greatest for the Mountain region (157 d); CI was shortest for the Southwest (406 d) and longest for the Mideast (434 d). Mean PR was highest for the Southwest (28.3%) and lowest for the Mideast and Southeast (22.2%). Use of timed artificial insemination following synchronizedestrus appears to have reduced DFB, lowered CR, and increased NB while reducing DLB and CI. However, synchronized breeding was not a primary cause of Holstein regional differences for reproductive traits. Since 2002, phenotypic performance for CR, DLB, and CI as well as genetic merit for daughter PR have stopped their historical declines and started to improve. C1 [Norman, H. D.; Wright, J. R.; Hubbard, S. M.; Miller, R. H.; Hutchison, J. L.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Duane.Norman@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3517 EP 3528 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1768 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 458LL UT WOS:000267022500056 PM 19528630 ER PT J AU Trott, JF Horigan, KC Gloviczki, JM Costa, KM Freking, BA Farmer, C Hayashi, K Spencer, T Morabito, JE Hovey, RC AF Trott, Josephine F. Horigan, Katherine C. Gloviczki, Julia M. Costa, Kristen M. Freking, Bradley A. Farmer, Chantal Hayashi, Kanako Spencer, Thomas Morabito, Joseph E. Hovey, Russel C. TI Tissue-specific regulation of porcine prolactin receptor expression by estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOUSE MAMMARY-GLAND; GENE-EXPRESSION; DECIDUAL PROLACTIN; HORMONAL-CONTROL; LACTATING SOWS; PREGNANT GILTS; GROWTH-HORMONE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB Prolactin (PIU) acts through its receptor (PRLR) via both endocrine and local paracrine/autocrine pathways to regulate biological processes including reproduction and lactation. We analyzed the tissue- and stage of gestation-specific regulation of PRL and PRLR, expression in various tissues of pigs. Abundance of pPRLR-long form (LF) mRNA increased in the mammary gland and endometrium during gestation while in other tissues it remained constant. There was a parallel increase in the abundance of the pPRLR-LF protein in the mammary gland and endometrium during gestation. We determined the hormonal regulation of pPRLR-LF mRNA expression in various tissues from ovariectomized, hypoprolactinemic gilts given combinations of the replacement hormones estrogen (E(2)), progestin (P), and/or haloperidol-induced PR-L. Abundance of pPRLR-LF mRNA in kidney and liver was Unaffected by hormone treatments. Expression Of uterine pPRLR-LF mRNA was induced by E(2) whereas the effect of E(2) was abolished by co-administering R The expression of pPRLR-LF mRNA in the mammary gland stroma was induced by PRL, whereas E(2) induced its expression in the epithelium. In contrast to these changes in pPRLR expression, pPRL expression was relatively constant and low during gestation in all tissues except the pituitary Taken together, these data reveal that specific combinations of E(2), P, and PR-L differentially regulate pPRLR-LF expression in the endometrium and mammary glands, and that the action of PRL on its target tissues is dependent upon pPRLR-LF abundance more so than the local PRL expression. Journal of Endocrinology (2009) 202, 153-166 C1 [Trott, Josephine F.; Gloviczki, Julia M.; Hovey, Russel C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Trott, Josephine F.; Horigan, Katherine C.; Gloviczki, Julia M.; Costa, Kristen M.; Morabito, Joseph E.; Hovey, Russel C.] Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Lactat & Mammary Gland Biol Grp, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Freking, Bradley A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Farmer, Chantal] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Sherbrooke, PQ J1M 1Z3, Canada. [Hayashi, Kanako] So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Spencer, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Anim Biotechnol & Genom, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hovey, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, 2145 Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rchovey@ucdavis.edu OI Spencer, Thomas/0000-0003-2815-766X FU National Research Initiative Competitive [2004-35206-14140]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2008-35206-18895] FX This project was supported in part by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2004-35206-14140 and no. 2008-35206-18895 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 78 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 202 IS 1 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1677/JOE-08-0486 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 530YS UT WOS:000272629500016 PM 19401343 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, Wee L. TI Reduction in Emergence of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Sweet Cherries with Different Egg and Larval Distributions Using Newer Insecticides SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE western cherry fruit fly; post harvest; spinosad; neonicotinoid insecticides ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR; PLUM CURCULIO; MAGGOT; MANAGEMENT; SPINOSAD; ADULT AB Western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the major insect pest of sweet cherry, Prunus avium (L.) L., in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. To reduce fly populations in unharvested fruit following the completion of commercial harvest, it is important to control immature stages in cherry fruit. In this study, the goals were to (1) identify the susceptibility of the eggs and larvae to neonicotinoid and other insecticides and (2) determine the effects of these insecticides on larval emergence from sweet cherries with different egg and larval distributions (the relative percentages of different stages). Only 3.3% of eggs exposed for 15 sec to thiacloprid hatched, whereas 25.0 - 41.0% of eggs exposed to water only, spinosad, and imidacloprid hatched. Larval mortalities in cherries 48 - 52 h after being treated with imidacloprid, thiacloprid and acetamiprid were 50.0 - 66.7%, significantly higher than the 24.0% mortality in untreated cherries. Imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, and clothianidin were equally effective in reducing larval emergence when sprayed on cherries in which eggs were 94.2% of the immature stages, but imidacloprid and acetamiprid appeared to be the most effective when sprayed on cherries in which eggs were only 19.7% and 53.8% of the immature stages. Results indicate neonicotinoids are toxic to eggs and larvae of R. indifferens and that all are more effective in cherries against eggs than larvae. For fly control, the time interval between the last spray directed against adult flies and the first postharvest spray of neonicotinoids should be no more than 1 wk, to reduce chances eggs hatch and larvae develop. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research; Oregon Sweet Cherry Commissions; Foreign Agricultural Service FX The author thanks Pete Chapman, Janine Jewett, and Julie Schlaman for field and laboratory assistance and Joseph Munyaneza (USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA) and Mike Willett (Northwest Horticultural Council, Yakima, WA) for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This research was partially supported by the Washington Tree Fruit Research and Oregon Sweet Cherry Commissions and a Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops Grant from the Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA). This article presents the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement for its use by USDA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 171 EP 186 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 478RK UT WOS:000268605600001 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, DW Suh, CPC AF Spurgeon, D. W. Suh, C. P. -C. TI Pheromone Production by the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Fed Cotton Squares and Bolls SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis; pheromone; diet ID TRAP EFFICIENCY; DIAPAUSE; SEX; TEMPERATURE; STRAIN; MALES; TEXAS; DIET AB The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, produces pheromone on a variety of diets, but access to flower buds (squares) or small fruit (bolls) of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is thought necessary for high levels of pheromone production. However, estimates of the pheromone emitted by weevils fed bolls are not available. We used headspace collections to determine (1) whether male weevils already emitting pheromone could sustain production on bolls, and (2) whether pheromone emission could be initiated on a boll diet. Male weevils switched to a diet of small (12 - 15 mm diam) or medium (20 - 23 mm diam) sized bolls after feeding on squares (5 - 7 mm diam) for 7 d maintained pheromone releases at levels >= that of weevils remaining on squares through the 13(th) day of adulthood. Pheromone composition did not vary substantially among the diets. When the diets were provided beginning at adult eclosion, weevils initiated pheromone emission similarly on all diets, but weevils fed small bolls released the most pheromone by day 9 of adulthood. No difference in pheromone composition was observed among the diet treatments. In addition, weevils that entered diapause by the end of the experiments produced only small amounts of pheromone. The high levels of pheromone production by weevils fed bolls may be ecologically important in ensuring that potential overwintering females are mated before emigrating from maturing cotton. Our findings also suggest that diminished competition between naturally-produced pheromone and traps is not an adequate explanation for commonly observed increases in late-season captures by pheromone traps. C1 [Spurgeon, D. W.; Suh, C. P. -C.] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Spurgeon, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WICSRU, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM Dale.Spurgeon@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 209 EP 221 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 478RK UT WOS:000268605600005 ER PT J AU Yates, HO Smith, DR AF Yates, Harry O., III Smith, David R. TI History, Distribution, Damage, and Life Cycle of a Pine Shoot Gall Sawfly, Xyela gallicaulis (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Symphyta; Pinus; shoot galls AB Larvae of Xyela gallicaulis Smith cause shoot stem galls in young pines. Loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., is the most seriously damaged, but galls have been observed on slash pine, P elliottii var. elliottii Engelm., and shortleaf pine, P. echinata Mill. Studies in Virginia and Georgia confirm a 2-year life cycle. Larval development takes 4 - 6 wks. After feeding, larvae bore out of the galls and drop to the ground where they form a papery cocoon in the soil to pupate, and where they remain for 22 - 25 months. Adults emerge from cells constructed in the soil from early-December to mid-January of the second year. Eggs are inserted into the vegetative buds during odd-numbered years. Insect associates found feeding in or on gall tissues are the Nantucket pine tip moth, Phyacionia frustrana (Comstock) (Tortricidae), and the weevil Conotra-chelus carolinensis Schoof (Curculionidae). C1 [Yates, Harry O., III; Smith, David R.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Yates, HO (reprint author), 265 Gentry Dr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM hjyatesiii@bellsouth.net NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 276 EP 283 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 478RK UT WOS:000268605600010 ER PT J AU DeFauw, SL Vogt, JT English, PJ Boykin, DL AF DeFauw, Sherri L. Vogt, James T. English, Patrick J. Boykin, Debbie L. TI Seasonal Dynamics of Hyperspectral Reflectance Patterns Influencing Detection of Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Mound Features in Turfgrass SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; imported fire ant; remote sensing; Solenopsis spp.; turfgrass C1 [DeFauw, Sherri L.; Vogt, James T.; English, Patrick J.; Boykin, Debbie L.] ARS, USDA, Mid S Area, Natl Biol Control Lab,Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP DeFauw, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Mid S Area, Natl Biol Control Lab,Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM sherri.defauw@att.net NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 287 EP 294 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 478RK UT WOS:000268605600012 ER PT J AU Burke, M Jorde, K Buffington, JM AF Burke, Michael Jorde, Klaus Buffington, John M. TI Application of a hierarchical framework for assessing environmental impacts of dam operation: Changes in streamflow, bed mobility and recruitment of riparian trees in a western North American river SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Effects of Dams on Social and Ecological Systems CY APR, 2007 CL Skamania, WA DE Reservoir operations; Ecosystem impacts; Operational losses; Hierarchy of impacts; Hydrologic alteration; Instream flow; Riparian recruitment ID HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; WHITE STURGEON; ECOSYSTEM; FORESTS; COTTONWOODS; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; DECLINE; REGIMES AB River systems have been altered worldwide by dams and diversions, resulting in a broad array of environmental impacts. The use of a process-based, hierarchical framework for assessing environmental impacts of dams is explored here in terms of a case study of the Kootenai River, western North America. The goal of the case study is to isolate and quantify the relative effects of multiple dams and other river management activities within the study area and to inform potential restoration strategies. In our analysis, first-order impacts describe broad changes in hydrology (determined from local stream gages), second-order impacts quantify resultant changes in channel hydraulics and bed mobility (predicted from a I D flow model), and third-order impacts describe consequences for recruitment of riparian trees (recruitment box analysis). The study area is a 233 km reach bounded by two dams (Libby and Corra Linn). Different times of dam emplacement (1974 and 1938, respectively) allow separation of their relative impacts. Results show significant changes in 1) the timing, magnitude, frequency. duration and rate of change of flows, 2) the spatial and temporal patterns of daily stage fluctuation, unit stream power, shear stress, and bed mobility, and 3) the potential for cottonwood recruitment (Populus spp.). We find that Libby Dam is responsible for the majority of first and second-order impacts, but that both dams diminish cottonwood recruitment; operation of Corra Linn adversely affects recruitment in the lower portion of the study reach by increasing stage recession rates during the seedling establishment period, while operation of Libby Dam affects recruitment in the middle and upper portions of the study reach by changing the timing, magnitude, and duration of flow. We also find that recent experimental flow releases initiated in the 1990s to stimulate recovery of endangered native fish may have fortuitous positive effects on cottonwood recruitment potential in the lower portion of the river. This case study demonstrates how a process-based, hierarchical framework can be used for quantifying environmental impacts of dam operation over space and time, and provides an approach for evaluating alternative management strategies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burke, Michael; Jorde, Klaus] Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Buffington, John M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Burke, M (reprint author), Interfluve Inc, 1020 Wasco St,Suite 1, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. EM mburke@interfluve.com NR 56 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 90 SU 3 SI SI BP S224 EP S236 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.022 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476CM UT WOS:000268414700003 PM 18990483 ER PT J AU Walker, JT Vose, JM Knoepp, J Geron, CD AF Walker, John T. Vose, James M. Knoepp, Jennifer Geron, Christopher D. TI Recovery of Nitrogen Pools and Processes in Degraded Riparian Zones in the Southern Appalachians SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; NITRIC-OXIDE; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; GRAZED SWARDS; WATER-QUALITY; EMISSIONS; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; AUSTRALIA; DYNAMICS AB Establishment of riparian buffers is an effective method For reducing nutrient input to streams. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes are not fully understood. The objective of this 4-yr study was to examine the effects of riparian zone restoration on soil N cycling mechanisms in a mountain pasture previously degraded by cattle. Soil inorganic N Pools, fluxes, and transformation mechanisms were compared across the following experimental treatments: (i) a restored area with vegetation regrowth; (ii) a degraded riparian area with simulated effects of continued grazing by compaction, vegetation removal, and nutrient addition (+N); and (iii) a degraded riparian area with simulated compaction and vegetation removal only (-N). Soil solution NO(3)(-) concentrations and fluxes of inorganic N in overland flow were >90% lower in the restored treatment relative to the degraded (+N) treatment. Soil solution NO(3)(-) concentrations decreased more rapidly in the restored treatment relative to the degraded (-N) following cattle (Bos taurus) exclusion. Mineralization and nitrification rates in the restored treatment were similar to the degraded (-N) treatment and, on average, 75% lower than in the degraded (+N) treatment. Nitrogen trace gas fluxes indicated chat restoration increased the relative importance of denitrification, relative to nitrification, as a pathway by which N is diverted from the receiving stream to the atmosphere. Changes in soil nutrient cycling mechanisms following restoration of the degraded riparian zone were primarily driven by cessation of N inputs. The recovery rate, however, was influenced by the rate of vegetation regrowth. C1 [Walker, John T.; Geron, Christopher D.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vose, James M.; Knoepp, Jennifer] US Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM walker.johnt@epa.gov RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Risk Management Research Laboratory; Research Triangle Park, NC FX We appreciate the technical support of Wayne Fowler (U.S. EPA) and Bill Preston (U.S. EPA). We also thank Siler Slagle for site access. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of a commercial product by U.S. EPA or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This research was partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1391 EP 1399 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0259 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800005 PM 19465714 ER PT J AU Floyd, WC Schoenholtz, SH Griffith, SM Wigington, PJ Steiner, JJ AF Floyd, William C. Schoenholtz, Stephen H. Griffith, Stephen M. Wigington, Parker J., Jr. Steiner, Jeffrey J. TI Nitrate-Nitrogen, Land Use/Land Cover, and Soil Drainage Associations at Multiple Spatial Scales SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; AGRICULTURAL STREAM; RIPARIAN ZONES; PERSPECTIVE; FOREST; ATTRIBUTES; PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT; PROXIMITY; CATCHMENT AB Managing non-point-source pollution of water requires knowledge of land use/land cover (LULC) influences at altering watershed scales. To gain improved understanding of relationships among LULC, Soil drainage, and dissolved nitrate-N dynamics within the Calapooia River Basin in western Oregon, we selected 44 watersheds ranging in size between 3 and 33 km(2) for monthly synoptic sampling of surface water quality between October 2003 and September 2004. Seasonal associations were examined between dissolved nicrate-N and proportion of woody vegetation or poorly drained soils at differing scales (10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 150, 300 m, and entire watershed), which we defined as influence zones (IZs), surrounding stream networks. Correlations between nitrate-N and proportion woody vegetation or poorly drained soil at each IZ were analyzed for differences using the Hotelling-Williams test. We observed negative correlations (r = -0.81 to -0.94) between nitrate-N and proportion of woody vegetation during winter and spring. Poorly drained soils had positive correlations (r = 0.63-0.87) with nitrate-N. Altering the scale of analysis significantly changed correlations between nitrare-N and woody vegetation, with IZs < 150 m being stronger than the watershed scale during winter. However, absolute differences in correlation values were small, indicating minimal ecological consequence for significant differences among scales. In contrast, nitrate-N correlations with poorly drained soil were stronger at the watershed scale than the 10- through 90-m IZs during winter and spring, and absolute differences were sufficient to suggest that scale is ecologically important when determining associations between dissolved nitrate-N and poorly drained soils. C1 [Floyd, William C.; Schoenholtz, Stephen H.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Griffith, Stephen M.] USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wigington, Parker J., Jr.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Steiner, Jeffrey J.] USDA ARS, Off Natl Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schoenholtz, SH (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, 210 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM stephen.schoenholtz@vt.edu FU Forest Research Laboratory at Oregon State University; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX The research reported in this paper was funded by the Forest Research Laboratory at Oregon State University and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. The US Environmental Protection Agency provided in-kind support through the time of one of the co-authors. This paper has been subject to Agency review and approved for publication. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. John Van Sickles statistical contributions and technical support of Machelle Nelson mid Donald Streeter are greatly appreciated. Field work was aided by Rebecca L'Hirondelle, Daniel Evans, and Chad Davis. Maryanne Reiter and Denise Hoffert-Hay were instrumental in providing landowner access and records. This paper benefited significantly from comments of Journal of Environmental Quality Associate Editor Larry Puckett and two anonymous reviewers. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1473 EP 1482 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0099 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800014 PM 19465723 ER PT J AU Watts, DB Torbert, HA AF Watts, D. B. Torbert, H. A. TI Impact of Gypsum Applied to Grass Buffer Strips on Reducing Soluble P in Surface Water Runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; POULTRY LITTER; OVERLAND-FLOW; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; MANURE PHOSPHORUS; FILTER STRIPS; AMENDMENTS; RAINFALL; NITROGEN AB The threat of P transport from land applied manure has resulted in water quality concerns. Research was conducted to evaluate gypsum as a soil amendment applied to grass buffer strips for reducing soluble P in surface runoff. A simulated concentrated flow was created in an established tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pasture. Poultry litter (PL) was applied at a rate of 250 kg N ha(-1) to the upper 3.05 m of each plot, while gypsum was applied at rates of 0, 1, 3.2, and 5.6 Mg ha-1 to the lower 1.52 m of the plot functioning as a grass buffer strip. Two 30-min runoff events (similar to 4 L min(-1)) were conducted, immediately after PL application and 4 wk later to determined soluble P concentration in the surface water samples. The greatest concentration of soluble P was in the runoff event Occurring immediately after the PL application. Gypsum applied to grass buffer strips was effective in reducing soluble P concentrations (32-40%) in surface runoff, while the untreated buffer strip was somewhat effective in reducing Soluble P (18%). No significant differences were observed between gypsum rates, suggesting that land managers would achieve the greatest benefit from the lowest application rate (1 Mg ha(-1)). In the second runoff event, although concentrations of soluble P in the surface water runoff were greatly reduced, the effect of gypsum had disappeared. Thus, these results show that gypsum is most effective in reducing the initial P losses from PL application when applied to grass buffer strips. The information obtained from this study may be useful in aiding land managers in developing management practices chat reduce soluble P loss at the edge of a field. C1 [Watts, D. B.; Torbert, H. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Watts, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 41 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dwatts@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1511 EP 1517 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0378 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800018 PM 19465727 ER PT J AU Phillips, RL Tanaka, DL Archer, DW Hanson, JD AF Phillips, Rebecca L. Tanaka, Donald L. Archer, David W. Hanson, Jon D. TI Fertilizer Application Timing Influences Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Over a Growing Season SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSION; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; METHANE OXIDATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; UNITED-STATES; AGRICULTURE; N2O; TEMPERATURE; CH4; ECOSYSTEMS AB Microbial production and Consumption of greenhouse gases (GHG) is influenced by temperature and nutrients, especially during the first few weeks after agricultural fertilization. The effect of fertilization on GHG fluxes should occur during and shortly after application, yet data indicating how application timing affects both GHG fluxes and crop yields during a growing season are lacking. We designed a replicated (n = 5) field experiment to test for die short-term effect of fertilizer application timing on fluxes of methane (CH(4)) carbon dioxide (CO(2)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) over a growing season in the northern Great Plains. Each 0.30-ha plot was planted to maize (Zea mays L.) and treated similarly with the exception of fertilizer timing: five plots were fertilized with urea in early spring (1 April) and five plots were fertilized with urea in late spring (13 May). We hypothesized time-integrated fluxes over a growing season would be greater for the late-spring treatment, resulting in a greater net GHG flux, as compared to the early-spring treatment. Data collected on 59 dates and integrated over a 5-mo time Course indicated CO(2) fluxes were greater (P < 0.0001) and CH(4) fluxes were lower (P < 0.05) for soils fertilized in late spring. Net GHG flux was also significantly affected by treatment, with 0.84 +/- 0.11 kg CO(2) equivalents m(-2) for early spring and 1.04 +/- 0.13 kg CO(2) equivalents m(-2) for late spring. Nitrous oxide fluxes, however, were similar for both treatments. Results indicate fertilizer application timing influences net GHG emissions in dryland cropping systems. C1 [Phillips, Rebecca L.; Tanaka, Donald L.; Archer, David W.; Hanson, Jon D.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, 1701 10th Ave SW, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM Rebecca.phillips@ars.usda.gov RI Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015; OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065; Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 FU USDA ARS Soil Resource Management Program [5445-11120-001-00D]; Agricultural System Competitiveness and Sustainabitity Program [5445-21660-002-00D] FX Thanks to Scott Bylin, April Blackbird, and Frances Podrebarac for mapping and data collection assistance. Special thanks to Mark Wutzke, Varian Inc., for outstanding technical assistance. We appreciate comments by Mark Liebig and Scott Kronberg and the anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by USDA ARS Soil Resource Management Program (Project 5445-11120-001-00D) and Agricultural System Competitiveness and Sustainabitity Program (Project 5445-21660-002-00D). This publication contributes to the USDA ARS GRACEnet Project. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1569 EP 1579 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0483 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800023 PM 19549933 ER PT J AU Griffin, TS Honeycutt, CW AF Griffin, Timothy S. Honeycutt, C. W. TI Effectiveness and Efficacy of Conservation Options after Potato Harvest SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SPRINKLER IRRIGATION RUNOFF; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; MANURE APPLICATION; SOIL-EROSION; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; CROPPING SYSTEMS; PLOT-SCALE; ROTATION; POLYACRYLAMIDE; TILLAGE AB Soil erosion and phosphorus (P) runoff can be severe in potato production systems in the Northeast USA, which are characterized by intensive tillage, minimal ground cover, low crop residue return, and steep slopes. We used rainfall simulators in the greenhouse and field to assess sediment and P movement associated with two conservation practices: straw mulching and application of polyacrylamide (PAM). In the greenhouse, a Nokomis sandy loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthods) was packed into 0.2 by 1.0 m boxes and subjected to four rainfall events at an intensity of 70 mm h(-1). Runoff amount, sediment concentration, and inorganic and sediment-bound P were measured for 30 min after initiation of runoff. Linear increases in straw mulch biomass (up to equivalent of 3000 kg, ha(-1)) resulted in exponential decreases in sediment and 1) loss. Mulch applied at: races as low as 600 kg ha(-1) provided nearly 50% ground cover and reduced sediment movement and sediment-bound P concentration and loss by >50%. Higher application rates reduced sediment loss by up to 95% but contributed dissolved reactive P (DRP) to runoff water. Field observations using simulated rainfall on mulch-covered and bare soil were consistent with greenhouse results. Linear increases in PAM application rate (to 20 kg ha(-1)) also reduced sediment loss. The efficacy of this practice decreases slightly with successive rainfall events but still had significant benefit through four Simulated rainfalls on soil packed into boxes. This was not the case in the field where the effect of PAM was limited to the first two rainfall events. In general, runoff volume was nor strongly influenced by any of these practices, and most of the P loss was comprised of sediment-bound P. Both conservation practices are effective at reducing soil and nutrient loss in intensive potato systems. C1 [Griffin, Timothy S.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Honeycutt, C. W.] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Griffin, TS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM timothy.griffin@tufts.edu FU Research Committee of the Maine Potato Board; Southern Aroostook Soil; Water Conservation District FX Partial funding for this research was provided by the Research Committee of the Maine Potato Board, and the Southern Aroostook Soil and Water Conservation District. We appreciate the assistance of our colleagues at the USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Laboratory (University Park PA). Specifially, Peter Kleinman and Lou Saporito for providing expertise with the simulated rainfall methodology, and David Otto for building the simulator. Additionally, we are very thankful to Andrew Weston for refining the simulator and conducting the experiments in the greenhouse and in the field. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1627 EP 1635 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0272 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800029 PM 19549939 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Yakirevich, AM Sadeghi, AM Pachepsky, YA Shelton, DR AF Guber, A. K. Yakirevich, A. M. Sadeghi, A. M. Pachepsky, Y. A. Shelton, D. R. TI Uncertainty Evaluation of Coliform Bacteria Removal from Vegetated Filter Strip under Overland Flow Condition SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; MANURE; SOIL; INFILTRATION; MANAGEMENT; PATHOGENS; RAINFALL; RELEASE; FATE AB Vegetated filter strips (VFS) have become an important component of water quality improvement by reducing sediment and nutrients transport to surface water. This management practice is also beneficial for controlling manure-borne pathogen transport to surface water. The objective of this work was to assess the VFS efficiency and evaluate the uncertainty in predicting the microbial pollutant removal from overland flow in VFS. We used the kinematic wave overland flow model as implemented in KINEROS2 coupled with the convective-dispersive overland transport model which accounts for the reversible attachment-detachment and surface straining of infiltrating bacteria. The model was successfully calibrated with experimental data obtained from a series of simulated rainfall experiments at vegetated and bare sandy loam and clay loam plots, where fecal coliforms were released from manure slurry applied on the top of the plots. The calibrated model was then used to assess the sensitivity of the VFS efficiency to the model parameters, rainfall duration, and intensity for a case study with a 6-m VFS placed at the edge of 200-m long field. The Monte Carlo simulations were also performed to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the VFS efficiency given the uncertainty in the model parameters and key inputs. The VFS efficiency was found to be <95% in 25%, <75% in 23%, and <25% in 20% of cases. Relatively long high-intensity rainfalls, low hydraulic conductivities, low net capillary drives of soil, and high soil moisture contents before rainfalls caused the partial failure of VFS to retain coliforms from the infiltration excess runoff. C1 [Guber, A. K.; Pachepsky, Y. A.; Shelton, D. R.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yakirevich, A. M.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Zuckerberg Inst Water Res, Dep Environm Hydrol & Microbiol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Sadeghi, A. M.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guber, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Bldg 173,Powder Mill Rd,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Andrey.Guber@ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1636 EP 1644 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0328 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800030 PM 19549940 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA Good, LW Moore, PA Widman, N AF Vadas, P. A. Good, L. W. Moore, P. A., Jr. Widman, N. TI Estimating Phosphorus Loss in Runoff from Manure and Fertilizer for a Phosphorus Loss Quantification Tool SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-APPLIED MANURES; LITTER APPLICATION RATE; POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; NUTRIENT LOSSES; RAINFALL-RUNOFF; BROILER LITTER; OVERLAND-FLOW; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS AB Nonpoint-source pollution of fresh waters by P is a concern because it contributes to accelerated eutrophication. Given the state of the science concerning agricultural P transport, a simple tool to quantify annual, field-scale P loss is a realistic goal. We developed new methods to predict annual dissolved P loss in runoff from surface-applied manures and fertilizers and validated the methods with data from 21 published field studies. We incorporated these manure and fertilizer P runoff loss methods into an annual, field-scale P loss quantification tool that estimates dissolved and particulate P loss in runoff from soil, manure, fertilizer, and eroded sediment. We validated the P loss tool using independent data from 28 Studies that monitored P loss in runoff from a variety of agricultural land uses for at least 1 yr. Results demonstrated (i) that Our new methods to estimate P loss from surface manure and fertilizer are an improvement over methods used in existing Indexes, and (ii) that it was possible to reliably quantify annual dissolved, sediment, and total P loss in runoff using relatively simple methods and readily available inputs. Thus, a P loss quantification tool that does not require greater degrees of complexity or input data than existing P Indexes could accurately predict P loss across a variety of management and fertilization practices, soil types, climates, and geographic locations. However, estimates Of runoff and erosion are still needed that are accurate to a level appropriate for the intended use of the quantification tool. C1 [Vadas, P. A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Moore, P. A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Widman, N.] USDA NRCS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM peter.vadas@ars.usda.gov NR 85 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1645 EP 1653 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0337 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800031 PM 19549941 ER PT J AU White, MJ Storm, DE Busteed, PR Stoodley, SH Phillips, SJ AF White, Michael J. Storm, Daniel E. Busteed, Philip R. Stoodley, Scott H. Phillips, Shannon J. TI Evaluating Nonpoint Source Critical Source Area Contributions at the Watershed Scale SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT; POLLUTION REDUCTION; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; QUALITY; DIRECTIONS; EROSION; SOIL; GIS AB Areas with disproportionately high pollutant losses (i.e., critical source areas [CSAs]) have been widely recognized as priority areas for the control of nonpoint-source Pollution. The identification and evaluation of CSAs at the watershed scale allows state and federal programs to implement soil and water conservation measures where they are needed most. Despite many potential advantages many state and federal conservation programs do not actively target CSAs. There is a lack of research identifying the total CSA pollutant contribution at the watershed scale, and there is no quantitative assessment of program effectiveness if CSAs are actively targeted. The purpose of this research was to identify and quantify sediment and total phosphorus loads originating from CSAs at the watershed scale using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. This research is a synthesis of CSA targeting studies performed in six Oklahoma priority watersheds from 2001 to 2007 to aid the Oklahoma Conservation Commission in the prioritized placement of subsidized conservation measures. Within these six watersheds, 5% of the land area yielded 50% of sediment and 34% of the phosphorus load. In watersheds dominated by agriculture, the worst 5% of agricultural land contributed, on average, 22% of the total agricultural pollutant load. pollutant loads from these agricultural CSAs were more than four times greater than the average load from agricultural areas within the watershed. Conservation practices implemented in these areas can be more effective because they have the opportunity to treat more pollutant. The evaluation of CSAs and prioritized implementation of conservation measures at the watershed scale has the potential to significantly improve the effectiveness of state and federally sponsored water quality programs. C1 [White, Michael J.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Storm, Daniel E.; Busteed, Philip R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Biosyst & Agr Engn Dep, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Stoodley, Scott H.] AMEC Earth & Environm, Water Qual Programs, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Phillips, Shannon J.] Oklahoma Conservat Commiss, Water Qual Div, Oklahoma City, OK 73152 USA. RP White, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM mike.white@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1654 EP 1663 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0375 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800032 PM 19549942 ER PT J AU Greenan, CM Moorman, TB Parkin, TB Kaspar, TC Jaynes, DB AF Greenan, Colin M. Moorman, Thomas B. Parkin, Timothy B. Kaspar, Thomas C. Jaynes, Dan B. TI Denitrification in Wood Chip Bioreactors at Different Water Flows SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; IN-SITU DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE REMOVAL; NITROUS-OXIDE; GROUNDWATER; SOILS; WALL; QUALITY; CARBON; EMISSIONS AB Subsurface drainage in agricultural watersheds exports a large quantity of nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N) and concentrations frequently exceed 10 mg L(-1). A laboratory column study was conducted to investigate the ability of a wood chip bioreactor to promote denitrification under mean water flow rates of 2.9, 6.6, 8.7 and 13.6 cm d(-1) which are representative of flows entering subsurface drainage tiles. Columns were packed with wood chips and inoculated with a small amount of oxidized till and incubated at 10 degrees C. Silicone sampling cells at the effluent ports were used for N(2)O sampling. (15)Nitrate was added to dosing water at 50 mg L(-1) and effluent was collected and analyzed for NO(3)-N, NH(4)-N, and dissolved organic carbon. Mean NO(3)-N concentrations in the effluent were 0.0, 18.5, 24.2, and 35.3 mg L(-1) for the flow rates 2.9, 6.6, 8.7, and 13.6 cm d(-1), respectively, which correspond to 100, 64, 52, and 30% efficiency of removal. The NO(3)-N removal rates per gram of wood increased with increasing flow rates. Denitrification was found to be the dominant NO(3)-N removal mechanism as immobilization of (15)NO(3)-N was negligible compared with the quantity of (15)NO(3)-N removed. Nitrous oxide production from the columns ranged from 0.003 to 0.028% of the N denitrified, indicating that complete denitrification generally Occurred. Based on these observations, wood chip bioreactors may be successful at removing significant quantities of NO(3)-N, and reducing NO(3)-N concentration from water moving to subsurface drainage at flow rates observed in central Iowa subsoil. C1 [Greenan, Colin M.; Moorman, Thomas B.; Parkin, Timothy B.; Kaspar, Thomas C.; Jaynes, Dan B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Moorman, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.moorman@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1664 EP 1671 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0413 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800033 PM 19549943 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Segal, E AF Bradford, Scott A. Segal, Eran TI Fate of Indicator Microorganisms Under Nutrient Management Plan Conditions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; COLLOID MOBILIZATION; MICROBIAL PATHOGENS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; LAND APPLICATION; TRANSPORT; WATER; FLOW; SOIL; ENVIRONMENTS AB Nutrient management plans (NMPs) for application of wastewater from concentrated animal feeding operations are designed to meet crop water and nutrient requirements, but implicitly assume that pathogenic microorganisms in the wastewater will be retained and die-off in the root zone. A NMP was implemented on a field plot to test this assumption by monitoring the fate of several fecal indicator microorganisms (Enterococcus, fecal coliforms, somatic coliphage, and total Escherichia coli). When well-water and wastewater were applied to meet measured evapotranspiration (ET), little advective transport of the indicator microorganisms occurred below the root zone and the remaining microorganisms rapidly died-off (within 1 mo). Additional experiments were conducted in the laboratory to better quantify microorganism transport and survival in the field soil. Batch survival experiments revealed much more rapid die-off rates for the bacterial indicator microorganisms in native than in sterilized sod, suggesting that biotic factors controlled survival. Saturated column experiments with packed field soil, demonstrated much greater transport potential for somatic coliphage than bacterial indicators (Enterococcus and total E colt) and that the retention rates for the indicator microorganisms were not log-linear with depth. A worst case transport scenario of ponded infiltration on a large undistributed soil column from the field was also initiated and indicator microorganisms were not detected in the column outflow or in the soil at a depth of 65 cm. All of these observations support the hypothesis that a NMP at this site will protect groundwater Supplies from microorganism contamination, especially when applied water and wastewater meet ET. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Segal, Eran] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Scott.Bradford@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; USDA; USEPA FX This research was supported by the 206 Manure and Byproduct Utilization Project of the USDA-ARS and an interagency agreement with the USEPA (IAG no. DW-12-92189901-0). Although this work has been supported by the USDA and the USEPA, it has not been subjected to Agency review and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Similarly, mention of trade names and company names in this manuscript does not imply any endorsement or preferential treatment by the USDA or USEPA. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of Alan Nguyen and William Roberts in helping to conduct the studies outlined in this paper. We would also like to acknowledge the essential collaboration of Bruce Scott on this project. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1728 EP 1738 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0428 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800040 PM 19549950 ER PT J AU Loughrin, JH Vanotti, MB Szogi, AA Lovanh, N AF Loughrin, John H. Vanotti, Matias B. Szogi, Ariel A. Lovanh, Nanh TI Evaluation of Second-Generation Multistage Wastewater Treatment System for the Removal of Malodors from Liquid Swine Waste SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MANURE SOLIDS; REDUCTION; PHOSPHORUS; SEPARATION; LAGOONS AB Wastewater quality and malodors in a second generation implementation of environmentally superior technology (EST) were monitored over three cycles of pig (Sus scrofa) production and 15 mo. The wastewater treatment system consisted of three modules: solids separation, biological N removal, and P recovery/wastewater disinfection. While approximately more than 90% of the wastewater suspended solids were removed in the first stage of treatment, little reduction in malodorous compounds occurred, indicating that malodors largely remained with the liquid waste stream. The greatest improvements in wastewater quality occurred in the N treatment module where ammonium was removed through nitrification/denitrification processes: there was more than 99% reduction in aromatic malodorous compounds (e.g,p-cresol, skatole) and almost 90% reduction in volatile fatty acids (e.g., propanoate and butanoate) in N module effluent as compared to raw flushed manure. The system performed consistently well in wastewater odor removal, even during the first cycle of livestock production when system performance was being optimized. These findings showed that the combination of the processes of solids removal and biological N treatment into a practical treatment system can be very effective in reducing malodors from livestock wastewater. C1 [Loughrin, John H.; Lovanh, Nanh] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Vanotti, Matias B.; Szogi, Ariel A.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Loughrin, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Ln, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM john.loughrin@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6657-13630-001-00D, 6657-13630-003-04/NCSU]; North Carolina Department of justice FX This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 206: Manure and By-Product Utilization; ARS Project 6657-13630-001-00D "Innovative animal manure treatment technologies for enhanced environmental quality." It was partially funded by the North Carolina Department of justice, Office of the Attorney General through the Smithfield Foods Environmental Enhancement Fund Grant Agreement, USDA-ARS Project 6657-13630-003-04/NCSU Subcontract no. The authors thank Mr. and Mrs. Billy Tyndall 2005-0978-03. for providing their farm for this study; personnel of Super Soil Systems USA for their help with design, construction, and operation of the treatment system; and Prestage Farms for providing animal production records at B&B Tyndall farm. The authors acknowledge Joe St. Claire's assistance for performing GC-MS analyses, Mike Bryant's assistance for performing HPLC analyses and Aprel Ellison's assistance in collection of wastewater samples and water quality analyses. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1739 EP 1748 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0430 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800041 PM 19549951 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Stone, KC Hunt, PG Vanotti, MB Cantrell, KB Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Stone, K. C. Hunt, P. G. Vanotti, M. B. Cantrell, K. B. Fisher, D. S. TI Intake and Digestibility of 'Coastal' Bermudagrass Hay from Treated Swine Waste Using Subsurface Drip Irrigation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LAGOON EFFLUENT APPLICATIONS; ELEMENT REMOVAL; FORAGE GRASSES; QUALITY; YIELD; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; NITRATE; WATER AB Waste handling systems for confined swine production in the upper South (approximately 32-37 degrees N and 79-93 degrees W) depend mainly on anaerobic lagoons and application of the waste effluent to cropland. The main objective of this study was 10 evaluate the quality of 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pets.] hay receiving effluent generated from a raw swine waste treatment system designed to reduce P and K concentrations and delivered by subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) compared with hay produced from commercial N fertilizer. Eight treatments, consisting of commercial N fertilizer or effluent, each irrigated at two irrigation rates (75 and 100% of estimated evapotranspiration) and two lateral spacings (0.6 and 1.2 m), were compared with a control treatment of commercial N fertilizer without irrigation. Three harvests were taken in each of 2 yr and five of the six evaluated using wether sheep (30-45 kg). Greatest dry matter intake (DMI) per unit body weight occurred for the control vs. all irrigated treatments (1.94 vs. 1.77 kg 100(-1) kg; P = 0.02; SEM = 0.11). Among irrigated treatments, DMI was greatest from commercial N vs. effluent (1.81 vs. 1.71 kg 100(-1) kg; P = 0.05; SEM = 0.11). Dry matter intake was similar for the 75% rate treatments and the non-irrigated treatment (mean, 1.87 kg 100(-1) kg) but was reduced for the 100% rate (1.94 vs. 1.72 kg 100-(1) kg; P = 0.03; SEM = 0.11). Hay from the 75% rate was more digestible than hay from the 100% rate (527 vs. 508 g kg(-1); P = 0.03; SEM = 21). The SDI system functioned well, and lateral spacing did not alter hay quality. Treated waste from a raw waste treatment system was readily delivered by SDI at the recommended race to produce bermudagrass hay of adequate quality for ruminant production systems. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Stone, K. C.; Hunt, P. G.; Vanotti, M. B.; Cantrell, K. B.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe.burns@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1749 EP 1756 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0493 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800042 PM 19549952 ER PT J AU Bolster, CH Haznedaroglu, BZ Walker, SL AF Bolster, C. H. Haznedaroglu, B. Z. Walker, S. L. TI Comments on "Diversity in Cell Properties and Transport Behavior among 12 Different Environmental Escherichia coli Isolates," by CH Bolster, BZ Hazendaroglu, and SL Walker in the Journal of Environmental Quality 2009 38:465-472 Reply SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Letter C1 [Bolster, C. H.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Haznedaroglu, B. Z.; Walker, S. L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bolster, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 230 Bennett Ln, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM carl.bolster@ars.usda.gov OI Haznedaroglu, Berat Zeki/0000-0002-0081-8801 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1776 EP 1776 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467EG UT WOS:000267719800046 ER PT J AU Takeoka, GR Rodriguez, DM Dao, L Patterson, R AF Takeoka, Gary R. Rodriguez, David M. Dao, Lan Patterson, Robert TI Headspace Volatiles of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Flowers SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS LA English DT Article DE Scutellaria baicalensis; Lamiaceae; headspace volatiles; beta-caryophyllene; germacrene D; 2-(methylamino)benzaldehyde; grape-like odor ID ESSENTIAL OIL; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; HIGHER-PLANTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOSYNTHESIS; HOMOTERPENES; FRAGRANCE; SCENTS; GREECE AB Volatile constituents of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) flowers were isolated by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 64 constituents was identified (constituting 57.1 - 89.9 % of the total area), 13 of which were tentatively identified. beta-Caryophyllene (22.3 - 41.5 %), germacrene D (12.4 - 27.5 %), delta-cadinene (3.1 - 5.4 %), gamma-muurolene (1.9 - 3.4 %), gamma-cadinene (1.6 - 3.1 %), alpha-humulene (1.6 - 2.6 %), alpha-copaene (1.4 - 2.3 %), alpha-muurolene (1.0 - 2.6 %), bicyclogermacrene (1.1 - 2.1 %) and 3-octanone (0.9 - 3.0 %) were the major constituents of the flower volatiles. A small amount (0.5 %) of the uncommon volatile, 2-(methylamino)benzaldehyde was detected in one of the samples. C1 [Takeoka, Gary R.; Dao, Lan] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Rodriguez, David M.; Patterson, Robert] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Takeoka, GR (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gary.takeoka@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU HAR KRISHAN BHALLA & SONS PI DEHRA DUN PA 3-14-2 PREM NAGAR, PO PREM NAGAR, DEHRA DUN, 248007, INDIA SN 0972-060X J9 J ESSENT OIL BEAR PL JI J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 12 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 493AS UT WOS:000269705900007 ER PT J AU Smehilova, M Galuszka, P Bilyeu, KD Jaworek, P Kowalska, M Sebela, M Sedlarova, M English, JT Frebort, I AF Smehilova, Maria Galuszka, Petr Bilyeu, Kristin D. Jaworek, Pavel Kowalska, Marta Sebela, Marek Sedlarova, Michaela English, James T. Frebort, Ivo TI Subcellular localization and biochemical comparison of cytosolic and secreted cytokinin dehydrogenase enzymes from maize SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Apoplast; CKX; CKX activity assay; cytokinin; cytosol; GFP; Pichia pastoris expression system; subcellular localization; tomato hairy root transformation; Zea mays ID GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; CATALYTIC-REACTION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; OXIDASE; EXPRESSION; CLONING; GENES; SEQUENCE AB Cytokinin dehydrogenase (CKX; EC 1.5.99.12) degrades cytokinin hormones in plants. There are several differently targeted isoforms of CKX in plant cells. While most CKX enzymes appear to be localized in the apoplast or vacuoles, there is generally only one CKX per plant genome that lacks a translocation signal and presumably functions in the cytosol. The only extensively characterized maize CKX is the apoplastic ZmCKX1; a maize gene encoding a non-secreted CKX has not previously been cloned or characterized. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize the maize non-secreted CKX gene (ZmCKX10), elucidate the subcellular localization of ZmCKX10, and compare its biochemical properties with those of ZmCKX1. Expression profiling of ZmCKX1 and ZmCKX10 was performed in maize tissues to determine their transcript abundance and organ-specific expression. For determination of the subcellular localization, the CKX genes were fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and overexpressed in tomato hairy roots. Using confocal microscopy, the ZmCKX1-GFP signal was confirmed to be present in the apoplast, whereas ZmCKX10-GFP was detected in the cytosol. No interactions of ZmCKX1 with the plasma membrane were observed. While roots overexpressing ZmCKX1-GFP formed significantly more mass in comparison with the control, non-secreted CKX overexpression resulted in a small reduction in root mass accumulation. Biochemical characterization of ZmCKX10 was performed using recombinant protein produced in Pichia pastoris. In contrast to the preference for 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) as an electron acceptor and trans-zeatin, N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenine (iP) and N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine (iPR) as substrates for ZmCKX1, the non-secreted ZmCKX10 had a range of suitable electron acceptors, and the enzyme had a higher preference for cis-zeatin and cytokinin N-glucosides as substrates. C1 [Smehilova, Maria; Galuszka, Petr; Jaworek, Pavel; Kowalska, Marta; Sebela, Marek; Frebort, Ivo] Palacky Univ, Dept Biochem, Fac Sci, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. [Bilyeu, Kristin D.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Sedlarova, Michaela] Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. [English, James T.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Smehilova, M (reprint author), Palacky Univ, Dept Biochem, Fac Sci, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. EM maria.smehilova@upol.cz RI Smehilova, Maria/C-9673-2010; Smehilova, Maria/B-8493-2015 OI Smehilova, Maria/0000-0003-2879-1062 FU Ministry of Education, Youth and Physical Education, Czech Republic [ME861]; National Science Foundation, Czech Republic [522/06/0703] FX This work was solely supported by the grant ME861 from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Physical Education, Czech Republic, and by a fellowship to Maria Smehilova in the framework of the project 522/06/0703 from the National Science Foundation, Czech Republic. The authors wish to thank Christopher G Taylor (Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO) for providing AKK 1436 and AKK 1472B vectors and the Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 strain, and Zhiwei David Fang (University of Missouri, Columbia, MO) for help with tomato hairy root transformation. Special thanks go to the following people who contributed to the success of this project: Lenka Luhova, Sarka Vyroubalova, and Ivo Chamrad (Palacky University, Olomouc). NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 60 IS 9 BP 2701 EP 2712 DI 10.1093/jxb/erp126 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 457TY UT WOS:000266957900024 PM 19436049 ER PT J AU Leakey, ADB Ainsworth, EA Bernacchi, CJ Rogers, A Long, SP Ort, DR AF Leakey, Andrew D. B. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Bernacchi, Carl J. Rogers, Alistair Long, Stephen P. Ort, Donald R. TI Elevated CO2 effects on plant carbon, nitrogen, and water relations: six important lessons from FACE SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Effects of Climate Change on Plants CY NOV 12-13, 2008 CL Rothamsted Res, Harpenden, ENGLAND SP Assoc Appl Biologists HO Rothamsted Res DE Climate change; elevated CO2; Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE); Rubisco ID SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT FACILITY; AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS L; AFFECT LEAF RESPIRATION; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM L; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; OPEN-AIR ELEVATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; USE EFFICIENCY AB Plant responses to the projected future levels of CO2 were first characterized in short-term experiments lasting days to weeks. However, longer term acclimation responses to elevated CO2 were subsequently discovered to be very important in determining plant and ecosystem function. Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments are the culmination of efforts to assess the impact of elevated CO2 on plants over multiple seasons and, in the case of crops, over their entire lifetime. FACE has been used to expose vegetation to elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 under completely open-air conditions for nearly two decades. This review describes some of the lessons learned from the long-term investment in these experiments. First, elevated CO2 stimulates photosynthetic carbon gain and net primary production over the long term despite down-regulation of Rubisco activity. Second, elevated CO2 improves nitrogen use efficiency and, third, decreases water use at both the leaf and canopy scale. Fourth, elevated CO2 stimulates dark respiration via a transcriptional reprogramming of metabolism. Fifth, elevated CO2 does not directly stimulate C-4 photosynthesis, but can indirectly stimulate carbon gain in times and places of drought. Finally, the stimulation of yield by elevated CO2 in crop species is much smaller than expected. While many of these lessons have been most clearly demonstrated in crop systems, all of the lessons have important implications for natural systems. C1 [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Bernacchi, Carl J.; Ort, Donald R.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Bernacchi, Carl J.; Long, Stephen P.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol 1406, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Bernacchi, Carl J.; Long, Stephen P.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rogers, Alistair] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Rogers, Alistair; Long, Stephen P.; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ort, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM d-ort@uiuc.edu RI Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016; OI Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X NR 165 TC 464 Z9 495 U1 48 U2 373 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 60 IS 10 BP 2859 EP 2876 DI 10.1093/jxb/erp096 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 469HZ UT WOS:000267888400009 PM 19401412 ER PT J AU Bae, H Sicher, RC Kim, MS Kim, SH Strem, MD Melnick, RL Bailey, BA AF Bae, Hanhong Sicher, Richard C. Kim, Moon S. Kim, Soo-Hyung Strem, Mary D. Melnick, Rachel L. Bailey, Bryan A. TI The beneficial endophyte Trichoderma hamatum isolate DIS 219b promotes growth and delays the onset of the drought response in Theobroma cacao SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Drought stress; fungal endophyte; Theobroma cacao; Trichoderma hamatum ID PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C; SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE; NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; JASMONATE BIOSYNTHESIS; PROLINE ACCUMULATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; COLD-ACCLIMATION AB Theobroma cacao (cacao) is cultivated in tropical climates and is exposed to drought stress. The impact of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma hamatum isolate DIS 219b on cacao's response to drought was studied. Colonization by DIS 219b delayed drought-induced changes in stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and green fluorescence emissions. The altered expression of 19 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (seven in leaves and 17 in roots with some overlap) by drought was detected using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Roots tended to respond earlier to drought than leaves, with the drought-induced changes in expression of seven ESTs being observed after 7 d of withholding water. Changes in gene expression in leaves were not observed until after 10 d of withholding water. DIS 219b colonization delayed the drought-altered expression of all seven ESTs responsive to drought in leaves by >= 3 d, but had less influence on the expression pattern of the drought-responsive ESTs in roots. DIS 219b colonization had minimal direct influence on the expression of drought-responsive ESTs in 32-d-old seedlings. By contrast, DIS 219b colonization of 9-d-old seedlings altered expression of drought-responsive ESTs, sometimes in patterns opposite of that observed in response to drought. Drought induced an increase in the concentration of many amino acids in cacao leaves, while DIS 219b colonization caused a decrease in aspartic acid and glutamic acid concentrations and an increase in alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations. With or without exposure to drought conditions, colonization by DIS 219b promoted seedling growth, the most consistent effects being an increase in root fresh weight, root dry weight, and root water content. Colonized seedlings were slower to wilt in response to drought as measured by a decrease in the leaf angle drop. The primary direct effect of DIS 219b colonization was promotion of root growth, regardless of water status, and an increase in water content which it is proposed caused a delay in many aspects of the drought response of cacao. C1 [Bae, Hanhong; Sicher, Richard C.; Kim, Moon S.; Strem, Mary D.; Bailey, Bryan A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, Soo-Hyung] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, UW Bot Gardens, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Melnick, Rachel L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bryan.bailey@ars.usda.gov RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009; Melnick, Rachel/B-1719-2013 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080; Melnick, Rachel/0000-0002-5113-2551 FU Rural Development and Administration, Republic of Korea FX This work was partially supported by the grant from the BioGreen 21 program of Rural Development and Administration, Republic of Korea. NR 71 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 35 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 60 IS 11 BP 3279 EP 3295 DI 10.1093/jxb/erp165 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 478KX UT WOS:000268588300028 PM 19564160 ER PT J AU Shi, J Xue, SJ Ma, Y Li, D Kakuda, Y Lan, Y AF Shi, John Xue, Sophia Jun Ma, Ying Li, Dong Kakuda, Yukio Lan, Yubin TI Kinetic study of saponins B stability in navy beans under different processing conditions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Navy bean; Saponins; Kinetic degradation; Soaking; Thermal processing ID ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS; SOYBEAN SAPONINS; PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY; VARIETAL DIFFERENCES; HEMOLYTIC-ACTIVITY; BLACK GRAM; DRY BEANS; COOKING; ANTINUTRIENTS; LEGUMES AB Saponins are rich in the legumes which are known to provide many health benefits for human beings. Saponin B is the main component in the saponins group present in navy beans. The stability of saponin B during food processing is a key issue in evaluating the quality and nutrition of food products. The effects of different soaking and cooking methods and conditions on the stability of saponin B were investigated. The effects of the soaking process on saponin reduction followed a first order kinetic model. The soaking time and the seed-to-water ratio significantly affected the stability of saponin B during the soaking process. Short time soaking and lower seed-to-water ratio would keep more saponin B in the soaked beans. The cooking medium and methods greatly influenced saponin B degradation during cooking. Water-oil mixed cooking media enhanced saponins stability in the seeds during the cooking process, as compared to a water-only cooking medium. Combined soaking and ordinary cooking induced more saponin degradation in ordinary cooked seed samples. An autoclave cooking method eliminated most of the saponin B from the autoclaved beans. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shi, John; Xue, Sophia Jun] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Guelph Food Res Ctr, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada. [Ma, Ying] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Food Sci & Engn, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China. [Li, Dong] China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Kakuda, Yukio] Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Lan, Yubin] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Shi, J (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Guelph Food Res Ctr, 93 Stone Rd W, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada. EM shij@agr.gc.ca NR 30 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.12.035 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 432LE UT WOS:000265133700009 ER PT J AU Golden, NJ Crouch, EA Latimer, H Kadry, AR Kause, J AF Golden, Neal J. Crouch, Edmund A. Latimer, Heejeong Kadry, Abdel-Razak Kause, Janell TI Risk Assessment for Clostridium perfringens in Ready-to-Eat and Partially Cooked Meat and Poultry Products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BEEF; THERMAL INACTIVATION; SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE; VEGETATIVE CELLS; PREDICTIVE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; SPORES; SPICES; TEMPERATURE AB An assessment of the risk of illness associated with Clostridium perfringens in ready-to-eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products was completed to estimate the effect on the annual frequency of illnesses of changing the allowed maximal 1-log growth of C. perfringens during stabilization (cooling after the manufacturing heat step). The exposure assessment modeled stabilization, storage, and consumer preparation such as reheating and hot-holding. The model predicted that assuming a 10- or 100-fold increase from the assumed 1-log (maximal allowable) growth of C. perfringens results in a 1.2- or 1.6-fold increase of C. perfringens-caused illnesses, respectively, at the median of the uncertainty distribution. Improper retail and consumer refrigeration accounted for approximately 90% of the 79,000 C. perfringens illnesses predicted by the model at 1-log growth during stabilization. Improper hot-holding accounted for 8% of predicted illnesses, although model limitations imply that this is an underestimate. Stabilization accounted for less than 1% of illnesses. Efforts to reduce illnesses from C. perfringens in ready-to-eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products should focus on retail and consumer storage and preparation methods. C1 [Golden, Neal J.; Latimer, Heejeong; Kause, Janell] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Crouch, Edmund A.] Cambridge Environm Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Kadry, Abdel-Razak] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Golden, NJ (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM neal.golden@fsis.usda.gov NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1376 EP 1384 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 468JF UT WOS:000267812800001 PM 19681258 ER PT J AU Luchansky, JB Porto-Fett, ACS Shoyer, B Prebus, RK Thippareddi, H Call, JE AF Luchansky, John B. Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. Shoyer, Bradley Prebus, Randall K. Thippareddi, Harshavardhan Call, Jeffrey E. TI Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Blade-Tenderized Beef Steaks Cooked on a Commercial Open-Flame Gas Grill SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IN-GROUND BEEF; O157-H7; SURFACE; OUTBREAK AB Beef subprimals were inoculated on the lean side with ca. 4.0 log CFU/g of a cocktail of rifampin-resistant (Rif(r)) Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains and then passed once through a mechanical blade tenderizer with the lean side facing upward. Inoculated subprimals that were not tenderized served as controls. Two core samples were removed from each of three tenderized subprimals and cut into six consecutive segments starting from the inoculated side. A total of six cores were also obtained from control subprimals, but only segment I (topmost) was sampled. Levels of E. coli O157:H7 recovered from segment 1 were 3.81 log CFU/g for the control subprimals and 3.36 log CFU/g for tenderized subprimals. The percentage of cells recovered in segment 2 was ca. 25-fold lower than levels recovered from segment 1, but E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from all six segments of the cores obtained from tenderized subprimals. In phase II, lean-side-inoculated (ca. 4.0 log CFU/g), single-pass tenderized subprimals were cut into steaks of various thicknesses (1.91 cm [0.75 in.], 2.54 cm [1.0 in.], and 3.18 cm [1.25 in.]) that were subsequently cooked on a commercial open-flame gas grill to internal temperatures of 48.8 degrees C (120 degrees F), 54.4 degrees C (130 degrees F), and 60 degrees C (140 degrees F). In general, regardless of temperature or thickness, we observed about a 2.6- to 4.2-log CFU/g reduction in pathogen levels following cooking. These data validate that cooking on a commercial gas grill is effective at eliminating relatively low levels of the pathogen that may be distributed throughout a blade-tenderized steak. C1 [Luchansky, John B.; Porto-Fett, Anna C. S.; Shoyer, Bradley; Call, Jeffrey E.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Prebus, Randall K.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Thippareddi, Harshavardhan] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM John.Luchansky@ars.usda.gov FU The Beef Checkoff FX This project was funded by The Beef Checkoff. We are sincerely.rateful to Ellen Sanders, Julie Wade. Boriana Hristova, Jean Smith, Mohammad Koohmaraie, John Cherry, Rosemary MartinjUk. Nellie Osoria, Peggy Williamson, Lihan Huang, Ind Chris Sommers (USDA/ARS)-. Randy Huffman (American Meat Institute) Nick Nickelson (Standard Meat Company): Rod Bowling (Smithfield Beef Group); Tim Mohr (USDA/FSIS); Alan Oser (Oser Technologies); Tim Freier (Cargill): and ABC Research Corporation for their excellent insight, technical assistance, and/or valuable resources, all of which were essential for the successful completion of this Study. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1404 EP 1411 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 468JF UT WOS:000267812800005 PM 19681262 ER PT J AU Wells, JE Bosilevac, JM Kalchayanand, N Arthur, TM Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Wells, J. E. Bosilevac, J. M. Kalchayanand, N. Arthur, T. M. Shackelford, S. D. Wheeler, T. L. Koohmaraie, M. TI Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in Ileocecal Lymph Nodes and on Hides and Carcasses from Cull Cows and Fed Cattle at Commercial Beef Processing Plants in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CROHNS-DISEASE; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; JOHNES-DISEASE; MILK; PCR; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; PASTEURIZATION; CULTURE; SAMPLES AB Clinical associations between Crohn's disease in humans and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) have been suggested but not confirmed. Cattle could be sources for MAP, but little information on MAP prevalence with beef has been reported. Samples of ileocecal lymph nodes and swabs of hides and carcasses from 343 animals at cull cattle slaughtering facilities and 243 animals at fed cattle slaughtering facilities across the United States were analyzed for the presence of MAP. Amplification of genetic sequences detected MAP DNA predominantly on hides and in lymph nodes of samples taken at both types of processing facilities. More than 34% of the cattle at cull cow slaughtering facilities had ileocecal lymph nodes that tested positive for MAP DNA. From these same cattle, hide prevalence was more than twofold greater than the prevalence in ileocecal lymph nodes, suggesting that cross-contamination could be occurring during transport and lairage. The prevalence of MAP DNA decreased during processing, and less than 11% of the carcasses tested positive after interventions in the cull cow processing facilities. Using standard double-decontamination and Culture techniques, less than 1% of the postintervention carcasses tested positive for viable MAP at cull cow facilities. In samples from the facilities processing only fed cattle, MAP prevalence of 1% or less was detected for ileocecal lymph node, hide, and carcass samples, and viable MAP was not detected. Based on this study, fed cattle carcasses are unlikely sources of MAP, and carcasses at cull cow plants have only a slight risk for transmitting viable MAP, due to current interventions. C1 [Wells, J. E.; Bosilevac, J. M.; Kalchayanand, N.; Arthur, T. M.; Shackelford, S. D.; Wheeler, T. L.; Koohmaraie, M.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wells, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM jim.wells@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU The Beef Checkoff FX This project wits funded in part by The Beef Checkoff. The authors acknowledge the assistance with the lymph node and hide collections provided by Drs. Michael Guerini and Dayna M. Brichta-Harhay, and the dedicated technical support provided by Dee Kucera, Jane Long, and Greg Smith. Purified DNA from MAP wits kindly provided by Dr. Judith R. Stabel at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, for Our molecular assay developments and confirmations. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1457 EP 1462 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 468JF UT WOS:000267812800012 PM 19681269 ER PT J AU Sharma, M Patel, JR Conway, WS Ferguson, S Sulakvelidze, A AF Sharma, Manan Patel, Jitendra R. Conway, William S. Ferguson, Sean Sulakvelidze, Alexander TI Effectiveness of Bacteriophages in Reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Fresh-Cut Cantaloupes and Lettuce SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; O157-H7; SALMONELLA; BIOCONTROL; CONTAMINATION; INACTIVATION; TEMPERATURE; COLIPHAGES; CHLORINE; TISSUE AB Consumption of produce contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 has resulted in cases of foodborne illness. We determined the efficacy of a mixture of three E. coli O157:H7-specific bacteriophages (ECP-100) in reducing the number of viable E. coli O157:H7 on contaminated fresh-cut iceberg lettuce and cantaloupe. E. coli O157:H7 was spot inoculated on lettuce pieces (9 cm(2)) with a population of 3.76 log CFU/cm(2), allowed to dry, and then sprayed with a control (phosphate-buffered saline) or ECP-100 to deliver 7.98 log PFU/cm(2) to lettuce stored for 2 days at 4 degrees C. Cut pieces of cantaloupe were spot inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (4.55 log CFU/ml) and treated with the control or ECP-100 (6.69 log PFU/ml), and then stored at 4 or 20 degrees C for up to 7 days. On days 0, 2, 5, and 7, cantaloupe samples were homogenized, and populations of E. coli O157:H7 were enumerated. Populations of E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce treated with ECP-100 on 0, 1, and 2 days (0.72, <0.22, and 0.58 log CFU/cm(2) of lettuce) and stored at 4 degrees C were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those treated with the control (2.64, 1.79, and 2.22 log CFU/cm(2)), respectively. Populations on cut cantaloupes treated with ECP-100 on days 2, 5, and 7 (0.77, 1.28, and 0.96 log CFU/ml) and stored at 4 degrees C were significantly lower than those cut cantaloupes treated with the control (3.34, 3.23, and 4.09 log CFU/ml), respectively. This study is the first to show the effectiveness of bacteriophages to reduce E. coli O157:H7 on fresh-cut lettuce and cantaloupes. C1 [Sharma, Manan; Patel, Jitendra R.; Ferguson, Sean] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Conway, William S.] ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sulakvelidze, Alexander] Intralytix Inc, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Sharma, M (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM manan.sharma@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1481 EP 1485 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 468JF UT WOS:000267812800017 PM 19681274 ER PT J AU Sharma, M Ingram, DT Patel, JR Millner, PD Wang, X Hull, AE Donnenberg, MS AF Sharma, Manan Ingram, David T. Patel, Jitendra R. Millner, Patricia D. Wang, Xiaolian Hull, Anne E. Donnenberg, Michael S. TI A Novel Approach To Investigate the Uptake and Internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Spinach Cultivated in Soil and Hydroponic Medium SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; SUICIDE VECTOR; LACTUCA-SATIVA; SALMONELLA; LETTUCE; O157-H7; PLANTS; MANURE; COLONIZATION; CONSTRUCTION AB Internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into spinach plants through root uptake is a potential route of contamination. A Tn7-based plasmid vector was used to insert a green fluorescent protein gene into the attTn7 site in the E. coli chromosome. Three green fluorescent protein-labeled E. coli inocula were used: produce Outbreak O157:H7 strains RM4407 and RM5279 (inoculum 1), ground beef outbreak O157:H7 strain 86-24h11 (inoculum 2), and commensal strain HS (inoculum 3). These strains were cultivated in fecal slurries and applied at ca. 10(3) or 10(7) CFU/g to pasteurized soils in which baby spinach seedlings were planted. No E. coli was recovered by spiral plating front surface-sanitized internal tissues of spinach plants oil days 0, 7 14 21, and 28. Inoculum 1 survived at significantly higher populations (P < 0.05) in the soil than did inoculum 3 after 14, 21, and 28 days, indicating that produce outbreak strains of E. coli O157:H7 may be less physiologically stressed in soils than are nonpathogenic E. coli isolates. Inoculum 2 applied at ca. 10(7) CFU/ml to hydroponic medium was consistently recovered by spiral plating from the shoot tissues of spinach plants after 14 days (3.73 log CFU per shoot) and 21 days (4.35 log CFU per shoot). Fluorescent E. coli cells were microscopically observed in root tissues in 23 (21%) of 108 spinach plants grown in inoculated soils. No internalized E. coli was microscopically observed in Shoot tissue of plants grown in inoculated soil. These studies do not provide evidence for efficient uptake of E. coli O157:H7 from soil to internal plant tissue. C1 [Sharma, Manan; Ingram, David T.; Patel, Jitendra R.; Millner, Patricia D.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Xiaolian; Donnenberg, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Hull, Anne E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Sharma, M (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM manan.sharma@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 16 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1513 EP 1520 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 468JF UT WOS:000267812800023 PM 19681280 ER PT J AU Demchik, MC Abbas, D Current, D Arnosti, D Theimer, M Johnson, P AF Demchik, Michael C. Abbas, Dalia Current, Dean Arnosti, Don Theimer, Myra Johnson, Patty TI Combining Biomass Harvest and Forest Fuel Reduction in the Superior National Forest, Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE energy; harvesting; cost assessment ID STATES AB Combining biomass harvest with forest fuel reduction may reduce the costs of fuel treatments. Our objectives were to determine the impact of combined biomass/fuel reduction harvests on the pools of forest fuels and to determine whether biomass harvest reduced the cost of mechanical fuel treatments. We tested two potential biomass harvest systems in wildland-urban interface areas with forest fuel accumulations on the Superior National Forest in Minnesota. Both systems performed similarly in terms of cost and efficiency at harvesting biomass. Overall, the cost of biomass harvest was impacted by site conditions, forwarding distance, the number of units harvested with one machine haul, the number of machines that were hauled, acres harvested, and inclusion of roundwood. Income from the sale of biomass did not cover the costs of harvest and delivery; however, for hauls of less than 100 mi, harvest may reduce the cost of the fuel reduction activity. C1 [Demchik, Michael C.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Abbas, Dalia] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Current, Dean] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Theimer, Myra; Johnson, Patty] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Demchik, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM mdemchik@uwsp.edu; sale0056@umn.edu; curre002@umn.edu; darnosti@iatp.org; mtheimer@fs.fed.us; pjjohnson@fs.fed.us FU United Stares Department of Agriculture FX Michael C. Demchik (mdemchik@uwsp.edu) is associate professor of forestry, University of Wisconsin Stevens Point, College of Natural Resources, 800 Reserve Street, Stevens Point, W154481. Dalia Abbas (sale0056@umn.edu) is research associate, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota. Dean Current (curre002@umn.edu) is program director, Center for Integrated Natural Resources and Agricultural Management, University of Minnesota. Don Arnosti (darnosti@iatp.org) is forest program director, Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. Myra Theimer (mtbeimer@fs.fed.us) is silviculturalist, US Forest Service. Patty Johnson (pjjohnson@fi.fed.us) is prescribed fire and fuels specialist, US Forest Service. The authors thank the United Stares Department of Agriculture for awarding a 2005 Woody Biomass Utilization Grant and numerous project partners, equipment dealers, loggers, and agency personnel that made this project possible, and the journal reviewers and editors for providing comments that improved the quality of this article. The authors also thank their colleagues, who provided editorial advice on the article, and especially thank the field team of Dustin Summer and Chris Duncan and the postharvest measurement assistance of Elijah Mujuri. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 107 IS 5 BP 235 EP 241 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 471RW UT WOS:000268077000006 ER PT J AU Kimbell, AR Maness, T Brown, H AF Kimbell, Abigail R. Maness, Thomas Brown, Hutch TI More Energy from Wood: What Are the Prospects? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ETHANOL C1 [Kimbell, Abigail R.; Brown, Hutch] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Maness, Thomas] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Kimbell, AR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 107 IS 5 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 471RW UT WOS:000268077000010 ER PT J AU Raffa, KF Aukema, B Bentz, BJ Carroll, A Erbilgin, N Herms, DA Hicke, JA Hofstetter, RW Katovich, S Lindgren, BS Logan, J Mattson, W Munson, AS Robison, DJ Six, DL Tobin, PC Townsend, PA Wallin, KF AF Raffa, Kenneth F. Aukema, Brian Bentz, Barbara J. Carroll, Allan Erbilgin, Nadir Herms, Daniel A. Hicke, Jeffrey A. Hofstetter, Richard W. Katovich, Steven Lindgren, B. Staffan Logan, Jesse Mattson, William Munson, A. Steven Robison, Daniel J. Six, Diana L. Tobin, Patrick C. Townsend, Philip A. Wallin, Kimberly F. TI A Literal Use of "Forest Health" Safeguards against Misuse and Misapplication SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 [Raffa, Kenneth F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Aukema, Brian; Lindgren, B. Staffan] Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. [Aukema, Brian] Canadian Forest Serv, Prince George, BC, Canada. [Bentz, Barbara J.; Logan, Jesse] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT USA. [Carroll, Allan] Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Erbilgin, Nadir] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Herms, Daniel A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hofstetter, Richard W.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Katovich, Steven] US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mattson, William] US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Stuides, Rhinelander, WI USA. [Munson, A. Steven] US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. [Robison, Daniel J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Robison, Daniel J.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Six, Diana L.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Townsend, Philip A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wallin, Kimberly F.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Winooski, VT 05404 USA. [Wallin, Kimberly F.] State Agr Coll, Winooski, VT 05404 USA. RP Raffa, KF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM raffa@entomology.wisc.edu; baukema@pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca; bbentz@fs.fed.us; acarroll@pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca; erbilgin@ualberta.edu; herms.2@osu.edu; jhicke@uidaho.edu; rich.hofstetter@nau.edu; skatovich@fs.fed.us; lindgren@unbc.ca; logan.jesse@gmail.com; wjmattson@gmail.com; smunson@fs.fed.us; dan_robison@ncsu.edu; six@forestry.umt.edu; ptobin@fs.fed.us; ptownsend@wusc.edu; kwallin@uvm.edu RI Lindgren, B Staffan/G-5947-2012; Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013; Erbilgin, Nadir/F-3675-2014; Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008 OI Erbilgin, Nadir/0000-0001-9912-8095; Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 17 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 107 IS 5 BP 276 EP 277 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 471RW UT WOS:000268077000013 ER PT J AU Lau, FC Joseph, JA McDonald, JE Kalt, W AF Lau, Francis C. Joseph, James A. McDonald, Jane E. Kalt, Wilhelmina TI Attenuation of iNOS and COX2 by blueberry polyphenols is mediated through the suppression of NF-kappa B activation SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS LA English DT Review DE Blueberries; Polyphenols; Anti-inflammation; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Cyclooxygenase 2; Nuclear factor-kappa B ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; INFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DOWN-REGULATION; CELL-LINES; MICROGLIA; ANTIOXIDANT AB Treatment of BV2 microglial cells with blueberry extracts has been shown to be effective in reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). The current study explored the possibility that the down-regulation of iNOS and COX2 by blueberry extracts was mediated through NF-kappa B signaling pathway. A column-purified fraction of polyphenol-enriched blueberry extract (PC18) was used to treat LPS-activated BV2 cells. The results thus far showed that blueberry polyphenols significantly suppressed iNOS and COX2 promoter activities. In addition, blueberry polyphenols inhibited NF-kappa B nuclear translocation in LPS-activated BV2 cells. These findings suggested that the beneficial effects of blueberries may involve direct modulation of oxidative stress and/or inflammatory signaling cascades. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lau, Francis C.; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [McDonald, Jane E.; Kalt, Wilhelmina] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. RP Lau, FC (reprint author), InterHlth Res Ctr, 5451 Ind Way, Benicia, CA 94510 USA. EM flau@interhealthusa.com; james.joseph@ars.usda.edu FU U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council; Wild Blueberry Association of North America FX This research was supported, in part, by U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council and Wild Blueberry Association of North America. NR 49 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1756-4646 J9 J FUNCT FOODS JI J. Funct. Food. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.jff.2009.05.001 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 684OU UT WOS:000284560000005 ER PT J AU Kean, JW Kuhnle, RA Smith, JD Alonso, CV Langendoen, EJ AF Kean, Jason W. Kuhnle, Roger A. Smith, J. Dungan Alonso, Carlos V. Langendoen, Eddy J. TI Test of a Method to Calculate Near-Bank Velocity and Boundary Shear Stress SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CHANNEL FLOWS; BED AB Detailed knowledge of the flow and boundary shear stress fields near the banks of natural channels is essential for making accurate calculations of rates of near-bank sediment transport and geomorphic adjustment. This paper presents a high-resolution laboratory data set of velocity and boundary shear stress measurements and uses it to test a relatively simple, fully predictive, numerical method for determining these distributions across the cross-section of a straight channel. The measurements are made in a flume with a fairly complex cross-section that includes a simulated, cobble-roughened floodplain. The method tested is that reported by Kean and Smith in Riparian Vegetation and Fluvial Geomorphology in 2004, which is modified here to include the effects of drag on clasts located in the channel. The calculated patterns of velocity and boundary shear stress are shown to be in reasonable agreement with the measurements. The principal differences between the measured and calculated fields are the result of secondary circulations, which are not included in the calculation. Better agreement with the structure of the measured streamwise velocity field is obtained by distorting the calculated flow field with the measured secondary flow. Calculations for a variety of narrower and wider configurations of the original flume geometry are used to show how the width-to-depth ratio affects the distribution of velocity and boundary shear stress across the channel. C1 [Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kuhnle, Roger A.; Alonso, Carlos V.; Langendoen, Eddy J.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Smith, J. Dungan] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kean, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jwkean@usgs.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369; Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2009 VL 135 IS 7 BP 588 EP 601 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000049 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 458VO UT WOS:000267054500005 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Howley, P Yachmenev, V Lambert, A Condon, B AF Edwards, J. Vincent Howley, Phyllis Yachmenev, Valeriy Lambert, Allan Condon, Brian TI Development of a Continuous Finishing Chemistry Process for Manufacture of a Phosphorylated Cotton Chronic Wound Dressing SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES LA English DT Article DE chronic wound dressing; elastase reduction; phosphorylated cotton finishing; textile sterilization; rinse water effects ID NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE AB A phosphorylated form of cotton gauze for treatment of chronic wounds was designed to improve the wound dressing's capacity to remove harmful proteases from the wound and facilitate healing. Development of the fabric finishing chemistry of the wound dressing with a process suitable for textile mill production required adapting the stationary finishing chemistry of the cotton phosphorylation from a batch-type pad-dry-cure finishing treatment to a continuous pilot scale finishing process. Issues in optimizing the cotton finishing process took into consideration dressing sterilization, the effect of city water versus de-ionized water, retention of the fabric whiteness index and protease sequestration capacity of the dressing, which is the index of the dressing's efficacy. Three types of sterilization approaches were assessed, including gamma ray, ethylene oxide and steam sterilization to determine the effect of sterilization on the phosphorylated cotton dressing and the subsequent efficacy of the sterilized dressing to remove proteases from the wound. Two phosphorylation reagents were compared for their ability to phosphorylate cotton in a urea-based formulation and yield an active, effective dressing, with a high whiteness index. Phosphorylation with a diammonium phosphate (DAP) : urea formulation generally gave a more effective dressing as an active protease sequestrant, and phosphorylation with sodium hexametaphosphate (SMP) : urea gave a higher whiteness index. Finishing formulations combining the two phosphorylating reagents, DAP and SMP: urea, were assessed to improve both whiteness and efficacy. However, sterilization of DAP treated cotton with ethylene oxide eradicated activity through apparent masking of the cellulose phosphate hydroxyls. Side reactions that may occur during ethylene oxide treatment were discussed as the possible origin of the phosphate hydroxyl masking. On the other hand, sterilization with gamma irradiation produced significant yellowing of the dressing. A SMP: urea (16 : 30) formulation was employed in the continuous process finishing treatment, and found to be most optimal for whiteness, efficacy and ease of sterilization, when adapted to industrial scale production of the cotton chronic wound dressing. C1 [Edwards, J. Vincent; Howley, Phyllis; Yachmenev, Valeriy; Lambert, Allan; Condon, Brian] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Vince.Edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1528-0837 J9 J IND TEXT JI J. Ind. Text. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 27 EP 43 DI 10.1177/1528083708092012 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 465UR UT WOS:000267614200002 ER PT J AU Harrison, RL AF Harrison, Robert L. TI Structural divergence among genomes of closely related baculoviruses and its implications for baculovirus evolution SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Invertebrate-Pathology CY AUG 03-07, 2008 CL Univ Warwick, Coventry, ENGLAND SP Soc Invertebrate Pathol HO Univ Warwick DE Baculovirus; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Granulovirus; Autographa californica MNPV; Rachiplusia ou MNPV; Plutella xylostella MNPV; Xestia c-nigrum GV; Helicoverpa armigera GV; Recombination; Genomes ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; BOMBYX-MORI-NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; RACHIPLUSIA OU GUENEE; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI-MNPV; XESTIA-C-NIGRUM; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; HOST-RANGE; ANAGRAPHA-FALCIFERA AB Baculoviruses are members of a large, well-characterized family of dsDNA viruses that have been identified from insects of the orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. Baculovirus genomes from different virus species generally exhibit a considerable degree of structural diversity. However, some sequenced baculovirus genomes from closely related viruses are structurally very similar and share overall nucleotide sequence identities in excess of 95%. This review focuses on the comparative analysis of partial and complete nucleotide sequences from two groups of closely related baculoviruses with broad host ranges: (a) group I multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses (MNPVs) from a Cluster including Autographa californica (Ac)MNPV, Rachiplusia ou (Ro)MNPV, and Plutella xylostella (Plxy)MNPV; and (b) granuloviruses (GVs) from a cluster including Xestia c-nigrum (Xecn)GV and Helicoverpa armigera (Hear)GV. Even though the individual viruses in these clusters share high nucleotide sequence identities, a significant degree of genomic rearrangement (in the form of insertions, deletions, and homologous recombination resulting in allelic replacement) is evident from alignments of their genomes. These observations suggest an important role for recombination in the early evolution and biological characteristics of baculoviruses of these two groups. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harrison, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, PSI, Bldg 011A,Room 214,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Robert.L.Harrison@ars.usda.gov RI Harrison, Robert/I-4707-2014; OI Harrison, Robert/0000-0002-8348-3874 NR 73 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 SI SI BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2009.03.012 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 474QJ UT WOS:000268298800005 PM 19460385 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Evans, JD Zhou, L Boncristiani, H Kimura, K Xiao, TG Litkowski, AM Pettis, JS AF Chen, Yanping Evans, Jay D. Zhou, Liang Boncristiani, Humberto Kimura, Kiyoshi Xiao, Tieguang Litkowski, A. M. Pettis, Jeffery S. TI Asymmetrical coexistence of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis in honey bees SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Invertebrate-Pathology CY AUG 03-07, 2008 CL Univ Warwick, Coventry, ENGLAND SP Soc Invertebrate Pathol HO Univ Warwick DE Nosema apis; Nosema ceranae; Apis cerana; Apis mellifera; Host shifting; Co-infections; Predominant infection ID MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITE; QUANTITATIVE PCR; COLONY COLLAPSE; MELLIFERA; INFECTION; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; SPP. AB Globalization has provided opportunities for parasites/pathogens to cross geographic boundaries and expand to new hosts. Recent studies showed that Nosema ceranae, originally considered a microsporidian parasite of Eastern honey bees, Apis cerana, is a disease agent of nosemosis in European honey bees, Apis mellifera, along with the resident species, Nosema apis. Further Studies indicated that disease caused by N. ceranae In European honey bees is far more prevalent than that caused by N. apis. In order to gain more insight into the epidemiology of Nosema parasitism in honey bees, we conducted studies to investigate infection of Nosema in its original host, Eastern honey bees, using conventional PCR and duplex real time quantitative PCR methods. Our results showed that A. cerana was infected not only with N. ceranae as previously reported [Fries, L, Feng, F., Silva, A.D., Slemenda, S.B., Pieniazek, N.J., 1996. Nosema ceranae n. sp. (Microspora, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Eur. J. Protistol. 32, 356-365], but also with N. apis. Both microsporidia produced single and mixed infections. Overall and at each location alone, the prevalence of N. ceranae was higher than that of N. apis. In all cases of mixed infections, the number of N. ceranae gene copies (corresponding to the parasite load) significantly out numbered those of N. apis. Phylogenetic analysis based on a variable region of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) showed four distinct clades of N. apis and five clades of N. ceranae and that geographical distance does not appear to influence the genetic diversity of Nosema populations. The results from this study demonstrated that duplex real-time qPCR assay developed in this study is a valuable tool for quantitative measurement of Nosema and can be used to monitor the progression of microsprodian infections of honey bees in a timely and cost efficient manner. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chen, Yanping; Evans, Jay D.; Zhou, Liang; Boncristiani, Humberto; Pettis, Jeffery S.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kimura, Kiyoshi] Natl Inst Livestock & Grassland Sci, Res Team Anim Breeding, Honeybee Res Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Xiao, Tieguang] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Entomol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Litkowski, A. M.] Univ Maryland, Coll Life Sci, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM judy.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Zhou, Liang/N-8220-2013; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Zhou, Liang/F-7201-2014 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; NR 29 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 41 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 204 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2009.05.012 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 474QJ UT WOS:000268298800008 PM 19467238 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Becnel, JJ Clark, GG Linthicum, KJ AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Becnel, James J. Clark, Gary G. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Permethrin Induces Overexpression of Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit 3 in Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE permethrin; fipronil; overexpression; cytochrome c oxidase; Aedes aegypti ID IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; DELTAMETHRIN-RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; GERMAN COCKROACHES; CROSS-RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DENGUE; MOSQUITOS; ACETONE AB Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), the relative transcriptional levels of cytochrome c oxidase subunit3 (CO3) were studied in Aedes aegypti in response to treatment with acetone, permethrin, and fipronil. The transcriptional levels of CO(3) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in acetone-treated Ae. aegypti compared with that in untreated samples. Using ribosomal L24, heat shock protein (HSP), and actin as reference genes, relative transcription levels of CO3 in acetone-treated Ae. aegypti were 2.88 +/- 0.38-, 2.60 +/- 0.60-, and 3.24 +/- 0.70-fold higher, respectively, compared with that in untreated mosquitoes. Transcriptional levels of CO3 were induced significantly higher (6.54 +/- 1.22-,4.62 +/- 0.74-, and 9.47 +/- 3.71-fold, respectively) by permethrin at LD(10) compared with acetone (P < 0.05). Taken together, Our results suggest that overexpression of CO3 is tightly regulated in Ae. aegypti in response to xenobiotic treatment. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Becnel, James J.; Clark, Gary G.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW,23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program; U.S. Department of Defense through the Anued Forces Pest Managenient Board (AFEMB) FX We thank Drs. S. A Valles and M.-Y. Choi (USDA-ARS) for critical reviews of the manuscript and W. Reid, L. jefferson, and N. Sanscrainte (USDA-ARS) for technical support. This study was supported by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Anued Forces Pest Managenient Board (AFEMB). NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 810 EP 819 DI 10.1603/033.046.0411 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 465XQ UT WOS:000267623800012 PM 19645283 ER PT J AU Mead, DG Lovett, KR Murphy, MD Pauszek, SJ Smoliga, G Gray, EW Noblet, R Overmyer, J Rodriguez, LL AF Mead, D. G. Lovett, K. Rainwater Murphy, M. D. Pauszek, S. J. Smoliga, G. Gray, E. W. Noblet, R. Overmyer, J. Rodriguez, L. L. TI Experimental Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus From Simulium vittatum to Cattle: Clinical Outcome Is Influenced by Site of Insect Feeding SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vesicular stomatitis; virus; pathogenesis; black fly ID CULICOIDES-SONORENSIS DIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; NATURAL HOST; SEROTYPE; INFECTION; COLORADO; SWINE; PIGS; CERATOPOGONIDAE AB Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) is an insect-transmitted Rhabdovirus causing vesicular disease in domestic livestock including cattle, horses, and pigs. Natural transmission during epidemics remains poorly understood, particularly in cattle, one of the most affected species during outbreaks. This study reports the first successful transmission of VSNJV to cattle by insect bite resulting in clinical disease. When infected black flies (Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt) fed at sites where VS lesions are usually observed (mouth, nostrils, and foot coronary band), infection occurred, characterized by local viral replication, vesicular lesions, and high neutralizing antibody titers (>1: 256). Viral RNA was detected up to 9 d postinfection in tissues collected during necropsy from lesion sites and lymph nodes draining those sites. Interestingly, when flies were allowed to feed on flank or neck skill, viral replication was poor, lesions were not observed, and low levels of neutralizing antibodies (range, 1:8-1:32) developed. Viremia was never observed in any of the animals and infectious virus was not recovered from tissues on necropsies performed between 8 and 27 d postinfection. Demonstration that VSNJV transmission to cattle by infected black flies can result in clinical disease contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiology and potential prevention and control methods for this important disease. C1 [Lovett, K. Rainwater; Murphy, M. D.; Pauszek, S. J.; Smoliga, G.; Rodriguez, L. L.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Orient, NY 11957 USA. [Mead, D. G.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gray, E. W.; Noblet, R.; Overmyer, J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Orient, NY 11957 USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov RI Mead, Daniel/F-7501-2013 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 866 EP 872 DI 10.1603/033.046.0419 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 465XQ UT WOS:000267623800020 PM 19645291 ER PT J AU Odongo, DO Ueti, MW Mwaura, SN Knowles, DP Bishop, RP Scoles, GA AF Odongo, David O. Ueti, Massaro W. Mwaura, Stephen N. Knowles, Donald P. Bishop, Richard P. Scoles, Glen A. TI Quantification of Theileria parva in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae) Confirms Differences in Infection Between Selected Tick Strains SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tick-borne pathogen; strain-specific vector competence; Theileria parva; Rhipicephalus appendiculatus; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ID EAST-COAST FEVER; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; BABESIA-MICROTI; VECTOR TICK; TRANSMISSION; CATTLE; IMMUNIZATION; PARASITES; ABILITY; INSTARS AB Theileria parva is the etiologic agent of East Coast fever, an economically important disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. This protozoan parasite is biologically transmitted by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Neumann) (Acari: Ixodidae). An understanding of the vector-parasite interaction may aid the development of improved methods for controlling transmission. We developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and nested PCR (nPCR) assays targeting the T parva-specific p104 gene to study T. parva pathogenesis in two strains of R. appendiculatus that had previously been selected to be relatively more (Kiambu) or less (Muguga) susceptible to infection. Nymphs from both strains were fed simultaneously to repletion on acutely infected calves. Nymphs from the Kiambu strain showed significantly higher engorgement weights compared with Muguga strain nymphs. Immediately after engorgement qPCR confirmed that nymphal Kiambu ticks had significantly higher parasite loads at repletion than Muguga nymphs. By 12 d postengorgement, parasites were below quantifiable levels but could be detected by nPCR in 83-87% (Muguga and Kiambu, respectively) of nymphs. After the molt, adult feeding on naive cattle stimulated parasite replication in the salivary glands. PCR detected significantly more infected ticks than microscopy, and there was a significant difference between the two tick strains both in the proportion of ticks that develop salivary gland infections, and in the number of parasites within infected salivary glands. These data confirm that although both tick strains were competent vectors, Kiambu is both a significantly more susceptible and a more efficient host for T parva than Muguga. The mechanisms that contribute to the levels of susceptibility and efficiency are unknown; however, this study lays the groundwork for a comparison of the transcriptome of these tick strains, the next step toward discovering the genes involved in the tick-parasite interaction. C1 [Knowles, Donald P.; Scoles, Glen A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Odongo, David O.; Mwaura, Stephen N.; Bishop, Richard P.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Odongo, David O.] Univ Nairobi, Sch Biol Sci, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Ueti, Massaro W.] Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ueti, Massaro W.] Washington State Univ, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Scoles, GA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM scoles@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 888 EP 894 DI 10.1603/033.046.0422 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 465XQ UT WOS:000267623800023 PM 19645294 ER EF