FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU AMER, SA KEEFER, TO WELTZ, MA GOODRICH, DC BACH, LB AF AMER, SA KEEFER, TO WELTZ, MA GOODRICH, DC BACH, LB TI SOIL-MOISTURE SENSORS FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE SOIL MOISTURE; SOIL WATER; INFILTRATION; INSTRUMENTATION; SOIL MOISTURE SENSORS ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; WATER CONTENT; SYSTEM AB Certain physical and chemical properties of soil vary with soil water content. The relationship between these properties and water content is complex and involves both the pore structure and constituents of the soil solution. One of the most economical techniques to quantify soil water content involves the measurement of electrical resistance of a dielectric medium that is in equilibrium with the soil water content. The objective of this research was to test the reliability and accuracy of fiberglass soil-moisture electrical resistance sensors (ERS) as compared to gravimetric sampling and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). The response of the ERS was compared to gravimetric measurements at eight locations on the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. The comparisons with TDR sensors were made at three additional locations on the same watershed. The high soil rock content (>45 percent) at seven locations resulted in consistent overestimation of soil water content by the ERS method. Where rock content was less than 10 percent, estimation of soil water was within 5 percent of the gravimetric soil water content. New methodology to calibrate the ERS sensors for rocky soils will need to be developed before soil water content values can be determined with these sensors. C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. US FOREST SERV,UMATILLA NATL FOREST,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP AMER, SA (reprint author), APPL RES CORP,CTR EROS DATA,MUNDT FED BLDG,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198, USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 69 EP 83 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MZ127 UT WOS:A1994MZ12700009 ER PT J AU MCWHORTER, CG OUZTS, C AF MCWHORTER, CG OUZTS, C TI LEAF SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY OF ERYTHROXYLUM SP AND DROPLET SPREAD SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WAX CRYSTALS; ADJUVANT; SPREAD COEFFICIENTS ID EPICUTICULAR WAXES; LEAVES AB Studies were conducted to examine the micromorphology of leaf surfaces of coca and nova plants and to determine which spray diluents provided optimum coverage of leaf surfaces. Adaxial leaf surfaces of both species were covered with a smooth layer of polygonal-shaped epidermal cells which were covered with wax crystals. Abaxial leaf surfaces were composed only of papillae cells and the guard and subsidiary cells surrounding stomata. Abaxial leaf surfaces of both species were also covered with wax crystals. Average wax weights were 28 to 53 mug CM-2. Water droplets containing an organosilicone surfactant at 0.1% by vol spread better on leaf surfaces that did other adjuvants. Droplets of several different petroleum-based oils spread much better on leaf surfaces than either water droplets with adjuvants or droplets of soybean or cottonseed oil. RP MCWHORTER, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPL TECH RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NJ442 UT WOS:A1994NJ44200004 ER PT J AU HOAGLAND, RE BOYETTE, CD AF HOAGLAND, RE BOYETTE, CD TI PATHOGENIC INTERACTIONS OF ALTERNARIA-CRASSA AND PHENOLIC METABOLISM IN JIMSONWEED (DATURA-STRAMONIUM L) VARIETIES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOHERBICIDE; BIOLOGICAL WEED CONTROL; D-STRAMONIUM L VAR STRAMONIUM; D-STRAMONIUM L VAR TATULA; MYCOHERBICIDE; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE [E.C.4.3.1.5]; PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; DATST ID AMMONIA-LYASE ACTIVITY; SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COMPETITION; GLYPHOSATE; PROTEIN; GROWTH; SEED AB Alternaria crassa, a mycoherbicide for jimsonweed control, was tested for differential effects on growth, infectivity, and phenolic metabolism of two field-collected jimsonweed varieties. Seeds from field-grown red- and green-stemmed jimsonweed varieties were grown in the greenhouse and spores were applied in aqueous solutions. Infection studies showed no significant differences between the two weed varieties when tested at various growth stages from cotyledonary to 8-leaf stage at 2.5 x 10(4) spores ml-1. Spore dose response tests with A. crassa spores (6.25 to 100 x 10(3) spores ml-1) showed no significant varietal differences in disease ratings. Extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity increased nearly equally (2- to 3-fold above control) in both varieties (8- to 9-leaf stage) 48 to 72 h after treatment with 5 x 10(4) spores ml-1. The only significant differences between treated varieties occurred 72 h after treatment. Exposure to A. crassa lowered total ethanol-soluble phenolic levels in both varieties 72 h after treatment. Spectro-photometric scans (400 to 700 nm) of ethanol extracts (72 h after treatment) indicated that infection caused some absorbance increases, especially in red-stemmed jimsonweed. Anthocyanin content was about 11-fold higher in red-stemmed than green-stemmed jimsonweed, and A. crassa treatment slightly increased the anthocyanin absorption peak of the red-stemmed variety. RP HOAGLAND, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NJ442 UT WOS:A1994NJ44200007 ER PT J AU GAN, JY WEIMER, MR KOSKINEN, WC BUHLER, DD WYSE, DL BECKER, RL AF GAN, JY WEIMER, MR KOSKINEN, WC BUHLER, DD WYSE, DL BECKER, RL TI SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF IMAZETHAPYR AND 5-HYDROXYIMAZETHAPYR IN MINNESOTA SOILS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HYSTERESIS; FREUNDLICH ISOTHERMS; BOUND PESTICIDE RESIDUES; IMAZETHAPYR ID ADSORPTION DESORPTION; IMAZAQUIN; ATRAZINE; PH; HYSTERESIS AB Laboratory batch equilibrium studies were conducted to evaluate the sorption-desorption behavior of imazethapyr and its major plant metabolite, 5-hydroxyimazethapyr, in three Minnesota soils. Sorption of both compounds on all soils was low, and pH did not significantly influence sorption in the range of 4.8 to 7.1. Less 5-hydroxyimazethapyr was sorbed than imazethapyr on the same soil. Once sorbed, both compounds were only partially desorbable from all soils. Significant hysteresis and formation of nonextractable residues indicate that the small amount of chemical sorbed is bound to selective surfaces with strong bonds. Webster clay loam had greater irreversibility than Waukegen silt loam and Estherville sandy loam soil. The hysteresis observed in desorption may be responsible for the difference between mobility estimations made from laboratory sorption studies and the limited mobility observed in field experiments. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGE RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP GAN, JY (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 92 EP 97 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NJ442 UT WOS:A1994NJ44200016 ER PT J AU SWINTON, SM BUHLER, DD FORCELLA, F GUNSOLUS, JL KING, RP AF SWINTON, SM BUHLER, DD FORCELLA, F GUNSOLUS, JL KING, RP TI ESTIMATION OF CROP YIELD LOSS DUE TO INTERFERENCE BY MULTIPLE WEED SPECIES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOECONOMIC MODEL; COMPETITION; COMPETITIVE INDEX ID WINTER-WHEAT; MODEL; COMPETITION; STRATEGIES; ECONOMICS AB Previous efforts to model crop yield loss from multiple weed species constructed competitive indices based on yield loss from individual weed species. Our model uses a multispecies-modification of Cousens' rectangular hyperbolic yield function to estimate a nonlinear competitive index for weed-crop interference. Results from 13 Minnesota and Wisconsin data sets provide measures of the relative competitiveness of mixed green and yellow foxtails, common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, and several other weed species. Competition coefficient estimates are stable over years, but not locations. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERV RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGR & APPL ECON,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SWINTON, SM (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 34 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NJ442 UT WOS:A1994NJ44200018 ER PT J AU EVERITT, JH RICHERSON, JV ALANIZ, MA ESCOBAR, DE VILLARREAL, R DAVIS, MR AF EVERITT, JH RICHERSON, JV ALANIZ, MA ESCOBAR, DE VILLARREAL, R DAVIS, MR TI LIGHT REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND REMOTE-SENSING OF BIG-BEND-LOCO (ASTRAGALUS-MOLLISSIMUS VAR EARLEI) AND WOOTON-LOCO (ASTRAGALUS-WOOTONII) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COLOR-INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; COLOR-INFRARED VIDEO IMAGERY; NEAR-INFRARED BLACK-AND-WHITE VIDEO IMAGERY; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM; ASAEA; ASAWO ID VEGETATION AB The high near-infrared reflectance (0.76 to 0.90 mum) of Big Bend loco and Wooton loco contributed significantly to their orange-red and red image tonal responses, respectively, on color-infrared aerial photographs making them distinguishable from associated vegetation and soil. Big Bend loco could also be distinguished on color-infrared and near-infrared black-and-white video imagery where it had distinct red and whitish tonal responses, respectively. Computer analyses of photographic and videographic images showed that Big Bend loco and Wooton loco populations could be quantified from other landscape features. A global positioning system was integrated with the video imagery that permitted latitude-longitude coordinates to appear on each image. The latitude-longitude data were integrated with a geographical information system to map Big Bend loco populations. C1 SUL ROSS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ALPINE,TX 79831. RP EVERITT, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NJ442 UT WOS:A1994NJ44200020 ER PT J AU BLOSSEY, B SCHROEDER, D HIGHT, SD MALECKI, RA AF BLOSSEY, B SCHROEDER, D HIGHT, SD MALECKI, RA TI HOST-SPECIFICITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT OF THE WEEVIL HYLOBIUS-TRANSVERSOVITTATUS, A BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT OF PURPLE-LOOSESTRIFE (LYTHRUM-SALICARIA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PURPLE-LOOSESTRIFE BORER; WETLANDS; LYTSA; LYTAL; DEOVE AB Introduction of purple loosestrife into North America and its spread into wetlands has led to the degradation of these important habitats for wildlife. Conventional control efforts are unsuccessful in providing long-term control. A classical biological control program offers the best chance for reducing the numbers of this invasive plant and improving regeneration of the native flora and fauna. European studies demonstrated that the root boring weevil Hylobius transversovittatus is highly host specific to the target weed. Attack of two test plant species (winged lythrum and swamp loose-strife) during host range screening was most likely due to artificial test conditions. An environmental assessment of the potential effects of the release of the purple loosestrife borer in North America indicated that benefits outweigh any potential negative impact. Therefore its field release was approved in 1992. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INT INST BIOL CONTROL,EUROPEAN STN,CH-2800 DELEMONT,SWITZERLAND. RP BLOSSEY, B (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,US FISH & WILDL SERV,NEW YORK COOPERAT FISH & WILDL RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 128 EP 133 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NJ442 UT WOS:A1994NJ44200022 ER PT J AU BLOSSEY, B SCHROEDER, D HIGHT, SD MALECKI, RA AF BLOSSEY, B SCHROEDER, D HIGHT, SD MALECKI, RA TI HOST-SPECIFICITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT OF 2 LEAF-BEETLES (GALERUCELLA-CALMARIENSIS AND G-PUSILLA) FOR BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF PURPLE-LOOSESTRIFE (LYTHRUM-SALICARIA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LEAF BEETLES; WETLANDS; DECODON-VERTICILLATUS (L) ELL-NUMBER-DEOVE; LYTSA; LYTAL AB Many prime wetlands in North America have been degraded following encroachment by the exotic plant purple loosestrife. Conventional methods are unsuccessful in providing long-term control. Host specificity studies demonstrated the suitability of two leaf beetles, Galerucella calmariensis and G. pusilla, as biological weed control agents. Adults oviposited only on plants within the genus Lythrum. The only species other than purple loosestrife where adult feeding and oviposition occurred and that supported successful larval development was winged lythrum. Swamp loosestrife and winged lythrum may be vulnerable to limited attack by newly emerged teneral adults. Evaluation of the potential environmental impact of the two leaf beetles showed that benefits of an introduction outweigh potential risks to winged lythrum or swamp loosestrife. Their field release was approved in 1992. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INT INST BIOL CONTROL,EUROPEAN STN,CH-2800 DELEMONT,SWITZERLAND. RP BLOSSEY, B (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,US FISH & WILDL SERV,NEW YORK COOPERAT FISH & WILDL RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 25 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 15 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 134 EP 140 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NJ442 UT WOS:A1994NJ44200023 ER PT J AU DIONIGI, CP AF DIONIGI, CP TI EFFECTS OF CLOMAZONE ON BIOSYNTHESIS OF GEOSMIN BY STREPTOMYCES-TENDAE AND PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AQUACULTURE; DIMETHAZONE; FMC-57020; MECHANISM OF ACTION; MICROBIAL METABOLITES; OFF-FLAVOR; TERPENE; ODOR ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; L PRIMARY LEAVES; CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; DIMETHAZONE; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION AB Cultures of Streptomyces tendae grown on Actinomyces medium containing clomazone contained less geosmin 48 h after inoculation than untreated controls, suggesting a possible inhibition of reactions prior to sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. However, exposure to clomazone increased geosmin accumulation in S. tendae cultures grown on Hickey-Tresner medium and in cultures of the fungus Penicillium expansum. Additionally, clomazone increased accumulation of a sesquiterpenoid tentatively identified as a eudesmol in S. tendae, indicating possible point(s) of inhibition subsequent to sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. Geosmin biosynthesis was induced by transferring cultures of S. tendae inoculated on Actinomyces medium to Hickey-Tresner medium 24 h after inoculation. When harvested at 48 h, geosmin biosynthesis-induced-cultures exposed to clomazone contained more geosmin than untreated controls, indicating that response of a single taxon to clomazone can be rapidly altered by changing medium composition. RP DIONIGI, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 148 EP 152 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NJ442 UT WOS:A1994NJ44200025 ER PT J AU BRYSON, CT HANKS, JE WILLS, GD AF BRYSON, CT HANKS, JE WILLS, GD TI PURPLE NUTSEDGE (CYPERUS-ROTUNDUS) CONTROL IN REDUCED-TILLAGE COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L) WITH LOW-VOLUME TECHNOLOGY SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY; REDUCED RATES; DILUENTS; CARRIER; CYPRO AB Field experiments conducted over three years at Stoneville, MS evaluated invert emulsion and oil diluents on the efficiacy of glyphosate and MSMA on purple nutsedge. The herbicides were applied at 0.6 and 1.1 kg ai/ha in an invert emulsion (oil-in-water) and a paraffinic oil at 19 L/ha (low-volume) and in water with a non-ionic surfactant (0.25% v/v) at 187 L/ha (high-volume). Purple nutsedge control with both herbicides was greater with the low-volume, invert emulsion and oil diluent applications than with high-volume, water diluent applications. Glyphosate and MSMA at 1.1 kg/ha in the oil diluent controlled purple nutsedge at least 88% when compared with the invert emulsion (greater-than-or-equal-to 75 and greater-than-or-equal-to 76%, respectively) and water (greater-than-or-equal-to 42 and greater-than-or-equal-to 44%, respectively) diluents. Cotton injury and seed cotton yields were unaffected by any treatment with MSMA but glyphosate with each diluent caused unacceptable cotton injury and seed cotton yield reduction. RP BRYSON, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NK302 UT WOS:A1994NK30200004 ER PT J AU MASTERS, RA STOUGAARD, RN NISSEN, SJ AF MASTERS, RA STOUGAARD, RN NISSEN, SJ TI LEAFY SPURGE (EUPHORBIA-ESULA) CONTROL WITH FALL-APPLIED IMAZAPYR, IMAZAQUIN, AND IMAZETHAPYR SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RANGELAND; PERENNIAL GRASSES; IMIDAZOLINONES; PERENNIAL WEED CONTROL; EPHES AB Imazapyr, imazaquin, and imazethapyr were evaluated for control of leafy spurge. Herbicides were applied at 70, 140, and 280 g ae/ha in Fall 1989, 1990, or 1991 on a sub-irrigated meadow near Ainsworth, NE and a tallgrass prairie near Columbus, NE. Imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr at 280 g/ha controlled leafy spurge 58, 82 and 73%, respectively, 9 mo after treatment (MAT) at Ainsworth. Leafy spurge control averaged 49% 9 MAT at Columbus where 280 g/ha of the imidazolinone herbicides were applied. Leafy spurge yields were reduced at Ainsworth by 29 and 78% where the imidazolinones were applied at 140 and 280 g/ha. By 11 MAT, leafy spurge control on areas treated with 280 g/ha declined to less than 60% at Ainsworth and 10% at Columbus. Perennial forage grass yields at both sites were generally unaffected by imazaquin or imazethapyr, but imazapyr at 280 g/ha reduced yields by 69 and 44% at Ainsworth and Columbus, respectively. Imidazolinone herbicides applied in the fall partially controlled leafy spurge, but did not increase perennial forage grass yields. RP MASTERS, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NK302 UT WOS:A1994NK30200009 ER PT J AU HEATHERLY, LG ELMORE, CD SPURLOCK, SR AF HEATHERLY, LG ELMORE, CD SPURLOCK, SR TI EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND WEED-CONTROL TREATMENT ON YIELD AND NET RETURN FROM SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOYBEAN YIELD; WEED COVER; ACIFLUORFEN; BENTAZON; GLYPHOSATE; METOLACHLOR; METRIBUZIN; PARAQUAT; PENDIMETHALIN; 2,4-DB; ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; POLYGONUM-LAPATHIFOLIUM; ECHCG; POLLA AB Field studies were conducted from 1987 through 1990 on Sharkey clay to determine effect of weed control treatment (WTRT) pn yield and net return from soybean grown with no irrigation (NI) or irrigation (I) during reproductive development. Weed control treatments were: 1) PRE glyphosate plus metribuzin plus metolachlor or pendimethalin, followed by POST bentazon plus acifluorfen or 2,4-DB plus linuron (high WTRT); 2) PRE glyphosate at a rate to kill existing weeds at planting (medium WTRT); or 3) PRE paraquat at a rate to desiccate but not necessarily kill existing weeds at planting (low WTRT). POST cultivation was used in all treatments. Weed ground cover in the high, medium, and low WTRT's was composed of annual grass and moderately competitive broadleaf species, and averaged 7, 25, and 49%, respectively, at harvest in 1990. Yield declined with decreasing weed control in the I treatment after the first year, but average net returns from the high and medium WTRT's were not different, and both exceeded average returns from the low WTRT. Yields from the high and medium WTRT's in the NI treatment were not different, and both exceeded yield from the low WTRT. Average net returns from the medium WTRT were greater than those from the high and low WTRT's in all years. Yield increase from irrigation and difference in average net returns between I and NI declined with decreasing weed control. RP HEATHERLY, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NK302 UT WOS:A1994NK30200011 ER PT J AU BOYDSTON, RA ALKHATIB, K AF BOYDSTON, RA ALKHATIB, K TI DC X2-5309 ORGANOSILICONE ADJUVANT IMPROVES CONTROL OF KOCHIA (KOCHIA-SCOPARIA) WITH BENTAZON AND BROMOXYNIL SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CROP OIL CONCENTRATE; HERBICIDE UPTAKE; RAINFASTNESS; PYRIDATE; SURFACTANT; TERBACIL; KCHSC AB DC X2-5309 organosilicone adjuvant added at 1% (v/v) spray solution increased the efficacy of bentazon, pyridate, and terbacil on kochia in greenhouse trials. DC X2-5309 decreased the rain-free period needed after application of bentazon and bromoxynil to 6 and 1 h, respectively, and increased the uptake of C-14-bentazon and C-14-bromoxynil by kochia at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after application compared with crop oil concentrate (COC). In field trials, bentazon and bromoxynil rates required to control equal amounts of kochia were reduced by half when adding DC X2-5309 compared with adding crop oil concentrate. DC X2-5309 added at 0.5% (v/v) spray solution with bentazon did not injure spearmint and controlled kochia equal to or better than bentazon with COC added at 1% (v/v) spray solution. RP BOYDSTON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NK302 UT WOS:A1994NK30200016 ER PT J AU SCHREIBER, MM HICKMAN, MV VAIL, GD AF SCHREIBER, MM HICKMAN, MV VAIL, GD TI EFFICACY OF STARCH-ENCAPSULATED FORMULATIONS OF ATRAZINE CONTAINING 2 OR 3 HERBICIDES IN SAME GRANULE SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WEED CONTROL; CONTROLLED RELEASE; HERBICIDE FORMULATION; ALACHLOR; ATRAZINE; DICAMBA; METOLACHLOR; ZEA-MAYS; ABUTH; AMARE; CHEAL; DATST; SETFA AB Field experiments were conducted in 1990, 1991, and 1992 to evaluate and compare the efficacy of commercial herbicide formulations with starch encapsulated granules that contain one, two, or three herbicides. Atrazine in combination with alachlor or metolachlor composed the two-component granules and the addition of dicamba to both composed the three-component granules. All starch-encapsulated formulations were produced by twin screw extrusion technology and evaluated in two granule sizes, 1.4 to 0.5-mm (14 to 20 mesh) and 0.85 to 0.43-mm (20 to 40 mesh). Active ingredient rates applied were selected for the existing soil conditions and combination granules contained active ingredients proportional to premixed commercial formulations available or suggested for tank mixes. Evaluations were performed under conventional, chisel, and no-tillage systems. PRE and PPI applications of starch encapsulated two-component (atrazine-alachlor) in 1990 controlled giant foxtail (except at the low rate with large granule size), redroot pigweed, and common lambsquarters excellently but control of velvetleaf was fair to poor. Smaller-sized granules were generally more effective for controlling weeds than the larger-sized granules. In 199 1, starch-encapsulated two-component (atrazine-metolachlor) granules applied both PRE and PPI in conventional, chisel, and no-till systems gave results similar to 1990 with the small granules more effective on velvetleaf. The addition of dicamba in the granule to form three-component starch-encapsulated granules in 1992 resulted in control of velvetleaf, ivyleaf morningglory, and jimsonweed statistically equal to commercial formulations except in one case of no-till com. In our experiments, herbicide formulations (granular vs. commercial) had no significant effect on com yield in 28 out of 31 treatments. These data indicate that if the experimental three-component starch-encapsulated formulations of com herbicides used in these studies were optimized they could become as efficacious as commercial formulations presently on the market. This is the first report of research containing data on two- and three-component starch-encapsulated granular formulations. RP SCHREIBER, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 105 EP 113 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NK302 UT WOS:A1994NK30200017 ER PT J AU HARRISON, HF PETERSON, JK AF HARRISON, HF PETERSON, JK TI SWEET-POTATO PERIDERM COMPONENTS INHIBIT YELLOW NUTSEDGE (CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS) GROWTH SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ALLELOPATHY; BIOASSAY; CYPES AB Sequential extraction and chromatographic procedures were used to isolate inhibitors of yellow nutsedge growth from sweet potato periderm tissue. Most of the inhibitory activity was found in a single high pressure liquid chromatography peak that contained 1.2% of the periderm dry weight. Concentration-response data indicated that yellow nutsedge is highly sensitive to this fraction. Several other fractions inhibited yellow nutsedge root growth, but they did not compose a major portion of the inhibitory capacity of the periderm extracts. RP HARRISON, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 168 EP 171 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NK302 UT WOS:A1994NK30200028 ER PT S AU LINDBO, DL BRIGHAMGRETTE, J VENEMAN, PLM AF LINDBO, DL BRIGHAMGRETTE, J VENEMAN, PLM BE Cremeens, DL Brown, RB Huddleston, JH TI DEPOSITIONAL AND POSTDEPOSITIONAL FEATURES IN THE LATE ILLINOIAN AND LATE WISCONSINAN TILLS OF MASSACHUSETTS SO WHOLE REGOLITH PEDOLOGY SE SSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Whole Regolith Pedology, at the 1992 Meeting of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 03, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, CLAY MINERALS SOC C1 USDA ARS,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0081-1904 BN 0-89118-805-3 J9 SSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1994 IS 34 BP 75 EP 95 PG 21 WC Geology; Soil Science SC Geology; Agriculture GA BB16J UT WOS:A1994BB16J00005 ER PT J AU RAMSEY, DSL ENGEMAN, RM AF RAMSEY, DSL ENGEMAN, RM TI PATTERNS OF GRAZING ON COASTAL DUNE SYSTEMS BY INSULAR POPULATIONS OF 2 SPECIES OF MACROPOD SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SERICEUS R-BR AB A study of grazing patterns on a coastal dune system on South Stradbroke Island, Queensland, by two species of wallaby was undertaken. Utilisation of sand spinifex (Spinifex sericeus) by agile wallabies (Macropus agilis) and swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor) was highly variable between different sites on the dune system. Although wallaby activity on secondary dune strata was significantly higher than on the primary dune, this was not reflected statistically in spinifex grazing levels. However, spinifex stolons on the toe of the primary dune were heavily grazed. Grazing levels on dune systems on the island were negatively associated with the width of the frontal dune and the relative area of open forest vegetation adjacent to the dune system. C1 USDA,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP RAMSEY, DSL (reprint author), QUEENSLAND UNIV TECHNOL,CTR BIOL POPULAT MANAGEMENT,SCH LIFE SCI,GPO 2434,BRISBANE,QLD 4001,AUSTRALIA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1071/WR9940107 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA NL706 UT WOS:A1994NL70600011 ER PT J AU TOBIN, ME KOEHLER, AE SUGIHARA, RT AF TOBIN, ME KOEHLER, AE SUGIHARA, RT TI SEASONAL PATTERNS OF FECUNDITY AND DIET OF ROOF RATS IN A HAWAIIAN MACADAMIA ORCHARD SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We determined seasonal patterns of fecundity and diet of roof rats (Rattus rattus) snap-trapped in an orchard of macadamias (Macadamia integrifolia), and assessed the implications for controlling rat damage to macadamia nuts. In all, 903 males, 756 females, and 16 rats of unidentified sex were captured between June 1990 and April 1991. Sex ratios varied from 1:1 only during August, when males outnumbered females (P < 0.05). Subadult rats were present throughout the study and comprised 31% of captures. Adult male roof rats were in reproductive condition throughout the year, and females bore young during every month of the study. Average monthly pregnancy rates varied from 8% to 54% and were highest in April. Mean prenatal litter size ranged from 3.0 to 6.5 among months. Macadamia nut was the dominant food item throughout the study, and was present in all 199 stomachs inspected, with a mean relative frequency of 85%. Insect fragments, primarily lepidopteran larvae, occurred in 66% of the stomachs, with a mean relative frequency of 8%. Moss was found in 48% of the stomachs, with a mean relative frequency of 4%. Grass seeds, fruit seeds and non-insect animal material were present in small amounts. These results show that, in areas with prolonged macadamia flowering and subsequent extended periods of nut availability, roof rats breed throughout the year on a diet consisting mostly of macadamia nuts. In such situations, growers may need to apply control measures throughout the crop cycle to keep rat damage at acceptable levels. RP TOBIN, ME (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 10880,HILO,HI 96721, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 1994 VL 21 IS 5 BP 519 EP 529 DI 10.1071/WR9940519 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QG097 UT WOS:A1994QG09700004 ER PT B AU SCHAFER, EW AF SCHAFER, EW BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI COMPARATIVE AVIAN TOXICOLOGY - WHAT IS ITS ROLE IN PREDICTING AND MONITORING THE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE TOXICOLOGY; PESTICIDE; BIRD; MONITORING; PREDICTION C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,LAKEWOOD,CO. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 321 EP 337 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00031 ER PT B AU MARCOT, BG AF MARCOT, BG BE Kendall, RJ Lacher, TE TI ANALYZING AND MONITORING POPULATION VIABILITY SO WILDLIFE TOXICOLOGY AND POPULATION MODELING: INTEGRATED STUDIES OF AGROECOSYSTEMS SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pellston Workshop on The Population Ecology and Wildlife Toxicology of Agricultural Pesticide Use: A Modeling Initiative for Avian Species CY JUL 22-28, 1990 CL KIAWAH ISLAND, SC SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE POPULATION VIABILITY; RISK ANALYSIS; DEMOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; (PVA) C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW EXPT STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-591-8 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1994 BP 401 EP 413 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BZ61G UT WOS:A1994BZ61G00037 ER PT J AU LIU, JY ZAHN, JJ SCHAFFER, EL AF LIU, JY ZAHN, JJ SCHAFFER, EL TI REACTION-RATE MODEL FOR THE FATIGUE-STRENGTH OF WOOD SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ABSOLUTE REACTION RATE; BENDING STRENGTH; CREEP RUPTURE; DOUGLAS-FIR; DURATION OF LOAD; FATIGUE; FREQUENCY; SINUSOIDAL LOAD; STRENGTH; TEMPERATURE; WOOD ID KINETIC-THEORY; FRACTURE AB In this paper, we consider the fatigue strength of wood structural members. That is, we develop a mathematical model for time-dependent strength under sinusoidal load. This work extends the model for time-dependent strength under constant load and ramp load derived previously by two of the authors. It is based on the statistical theory of the absolute reaction rate in a version favorably reviewed in the literature. Under the isothermal condition, the model predicts that the time at fracture is independent of stress frequency. The need to evaluate experimentally some of the model parameters that may depend on stress frequency indirectly through temperature changes is discussed. RP LIU, JY (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 26 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MU203 UT WOS:A1994MU20300002 ER PT J AU ROWELL, RM SIMONSON, R HESS, S PLACKETT, DV CRONSHAW, D DUNNINGHAM, E AF ROWELL, RM SIMONSON, R HESS, S PLACKETT, DV CRONSHAW, D DUNNINGHAM, E TI ACETYL DISTRIBUTION IN ACETYLATED WHOLE WOOD AND REACTIVITY OF ISOLATED WOOD CELL-WALL COMPONENTS TO ACETIC-ANHYDRIDE SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ESTERIFICATION; ACETIC ANHYDRIDE; REACTIVITY; LIGNIN; HOLOCELLULOSE; HEMICELLULOSE; CELLULOSE; CHEMICAL DISTRIBUTION; REACTION RATE AB Lignin, holocellulose, cellulose, and hemicelluloses were isolated from pine wood and reacted with acetic anhydride. The order of reactivity was found to be lignin > hemicelluloses much greater than holocellulose. Cellulose did not react. At a level of bonded acetyl where ah the hydroxyl groups were substituted on the lignin polymer, only about 20% of the total theoretical hydroxyl groups on the holocellulose were substituted. The data suggest that in the reaction of chloroacetic anhydride with whole wood, the initial rate-controlling step is the rate of diffusion of reactive chemical into the cell wall. C1 CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL,S-41296 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. FORESTRY RES INST ROTORUA,ROTORUA,NEW ZEALAND. RP ROWELL, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 14 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 17 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 26 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MU203 UT WOS:A1994MU20300003 ER PT J AU GUNDERSON, DE GLEISNER, RL AF GUNDERSON, DE GLEISNER, RL TI SPACEBOARD-II STRUCTURAL PANELS - FORMING APPARATUS AND METHODS SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PAPERBOARD; FIBER; FORMING; WET-FORMING; DRY-FORMING AB Never methods and a patented apparatus have been developed to fabricate Spaceboard II, a new unique structural board of pulped wood fiber. Like the earlier Spaceboard I, the board has flat, high-density faces and a core of rectangular cells defined by high-density cell walls formed integrally with the faces. The board is assembled from two asymmetrical panel halves joined cell to cell. The panels are formed (molded) at low bulk density and subsequently compacted to a unique shape and uniform high density. Spaceboard II is formed by the porous mandrel method, which allows fabrication of much thicker panels than was possible with the original Spaceboard I method. A variety of wet or dry (adhesive-coated) fiber furnish may be used, with either air or water as the forming vehicle. The boards are being investigated for use in light frame and commercial construction; for packaging, palletizing, partitions, and furniture; and for other uses. In the present study, a total of 55 panels, 635 by 1,244 by 38 mm thick, were made by wet- and dry-forming methods in a Forest Products Laboratory patented apparatus. RP GUNDERSON, DE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 26 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MU203 UT WOS:A1994MU20300004 ER PT J AU FREEDLAND, C ROWELL, RM PLACKETT, D AF FREEDLAND, C ROWELL, RM PLACKETT, D TI ENVIRONMENTALLY-INDUCED PHYSICAL CHANGES IN ANCIENT KAURI (AGATHIS-AUSTRALIS) WOOD SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AGATHIS AUSTRALIS; ANCIENT WOOD; BURIED WOOD; CARBOHYDRATES; LIGNIN; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM); STRENGTH AB The physical properties of 30,000-year-old and modem kauri (Agathis australis) were explored. The acidic burial environment had modified the ancient wood cell-wall structure, affecting strength properties. Degradation of labile cell-wall polysaccharides resulted in strength differences in the ancient kauri both below and above the proportional limit (PL) of the wood. Significantly lower modulus of elasticity (MOE) and work to proportional limit (WPL) values, as compared with modern kauri, indicated that the ancient material was more readily deformed. Above the FL, the modulus of rupture (MOR) of the ancient wood was significantly lower and the work to maximum load (WML) significantly higher than the corresponding values for recently felled kauri, suggesting that the ancient material did not resist stress; rather, the structure gradually ''gave way'' under imposed stress. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the fractured ancient kauri surfaces reveal degradation of the woody cell wall. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NEW ZEALAND FOREST RES INST,ROTORUA,NEW ZEALAND. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 26 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MU203 UT WOS:A1994MU20300007 ER PT J AU TANG, YF PEARSON, RG HART, CA SIMPSON, WT AF TANG, YF PEARSON, RG HART, CA SIMPSON, WT TI A NUMERICAL-MODEL FOR HEAT-TRANSFER AND MOISTURE EVAPORATION PROCESSES IN HOT-PRESS DRYING - AN INTEGRAL APPROACH SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DRYING; WOOD DRYING; PRESS DRYING; DRYING MODEL; NUMERICAL MODEL; HEAT TRANSFER; MOISTURE EVAPORATION; SOUTHERN PINE ID LUMBER AB A numerical model, which was based on the energy principle that the rate of water evaporation from the interface (or wet line) at a given time during hot-press drying was controlled by the rate of heat energy reaching the interface at that time, has been developed. The model treated the drying as a process in which the retreat of the interface and free water flow to the interface occur simultaneously. After all parameters were determined according to the available literature and experiments, the numerical model worked well in predicting the drying curves from process and material variables. The model, which has a sound theoretical base but is numerically simple, has a good potential to be expanded for general high temperature drying and to be adopted in a production line to presort the lumber for good drying practice. C1 FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP TANG, YF (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 26 IS 1 BP 78 EP 90 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MU203 UT WOS:A1994MU20300010 ER PT J AU MANTANIS, GI YOUNG, RA ROWELL, RM AF MANTANIS, GI YOUNG, RA ROWELL, RM TI SWELLING OF WOOD .1. SWELLING IN WATER SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIBER AB The rate and maximum swelling of several North American wood species in water have been obtained with a computer interfaced linear variable displacement transformer. Since wood swells extremely fast in water even at room temperature, this apparatus made it possible for the first time, to obtain accurate rate data on the swelling of wood in water. The strict linear dependence of swelling on the temperature suggests a chemical mechanism. The activation energies obtained from Arrhenius plots ranged from 32.2 KJ/mole for sitka spruce to 47.6 KJ/mole for sugar maple. Although the two hardwoods exhibited greater maximum tangential swelling compared with the two softwoods, the maximum swelling appears to be correlated with the wood density. Generally both the rate and maximum swelling of the woods were increased by removal of extractives and the activation energies were reduced. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MANTANIS, GI (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. OI Mantanis, George/0000-0002-5715-783X NR 35 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 2 BP 119 EP 134 PG 16 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MU798 UT WOS:A1994MU79800004 ER PT J AU MEADOWS, JS AF MEADOWS, JS BE Smith, WP Pashley, DN TI STAND DEVELOPMENT AND SILVICULTURE IN BOTTOMLAND HARDWOODS SO WORKSHOP TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS IN THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY LANDBIRDS IN BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop to Resolve Conflicts in the Conservation of Migratory Landbirds in Bottomland Hardwood Forests CY AUG 09-10, 1993 CL TENSAS NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE, TALLULAH, LA SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPTL STN HO TENSAS NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,SO HARDWOODS LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1994 VL 114 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BC07H UT WOS:A1994BC07H00003 ER PT B AU MCKINION, JM REDDY, KR HODGES, HF AF MCKINION, JM REDDY, KR HODGES, HF BE Shen, SY TI ALLEVIATION OF GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACT VIA SIMULATION-BASED DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURE SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 4, NO 2-4: GLOBAL WARMING: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1992 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Global Warming: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference 1992 CY 1992 CL CHICAGO, IL C1 USDA ARS,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 0-9634567-2-5 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1994 BP 406 EP 418 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA36S UT WOS:A1994BA36S00013 ER PT B AU ZERBE, JI AF ZERBE, JI BE Shen, SY TI WOOD AS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY DESIRABLE MATERIAL SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 4, NO 2-4: GLOBAL WARMING: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1992 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Global Warming: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference 1992 CY 1992 CL CHICAGO, IL C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 0-9634567-2-5 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1994 BP 491 EP 496 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA36S UT WOS:A1994BA36S00018 ER PT B AU HEATH, LS BIRDSEY, RA AF HEATH, LS BIRDSEY, RA BE Shen, SY TI IMPACTS OF ALTERNATIVE FOREST MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON CARBON SEQUESTRATION ON UNITED-STATES TIMBERLANDS SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 5, NO 2-4: GLOBAL WARMING SCIENCE AND POLICY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1993 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Global Warming Science and Policy: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference 1993 CY APR 05-08, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 0-9634567-3-3 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1994 BP 171 EP 179 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA36T UT WOS:A1994BA36T00003 ER PT B AU KELLY, JF AF KELLY, JF BE Shen, SY TI HURRICANE-ANDREW FOREST DAMAGE ASSESSMENT SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 5, NO 2-4: GLOBAL WARMING SCIENCE AND POLICY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1993 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Global Warming Science and Policy: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference 1993 CY APR 05-08, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,STARKVILLE,MS 39759. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 0-9634567-3-3 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1994 BP 401 EP 408 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA36T UT WOS:A1994BA36T00018 ER PT B AU ZERBE, JI AF ZERBE, JI BE Shen, SY TI REDUCTION OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON EMISSIONS THROUGH DISPLACEMENT OF FOSSIL-FUELS SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 5, NO 2-4: GLOBAL WARMING SCIENCE AND POLICY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1993 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Global Warming Science and Policy: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference 1993 CY APR 05-08, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 0-9634567-3-3 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1994 BP 414 EP 423 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA36T UT WOS:A1994BA36T00020 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP AF FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP TI ASSAY OF URINARY 2,3-DINOR-6-OXO PROSTAGLANDIN F(1-ALPHA) BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PROSTACYCLIN; 6-OXO-PROSTAGLANDIN-F1-ALPHA; 2,3-DINOR-6-KETO-PGF1-ALPHA; 2,3-DINOR-THROMBOXANE-B2; THROMBOXANE-B2; EICOSANOIDS; METABOLITE; EXCRETION; HUMANS AB Prostacyclin (PGI(2)), an important determinant of cardiovascular biology, is produced from arachidonic acid by endothelial cells. Measurement of its stable urinary metabolite, 2,3-dinor-6-oxo prostaglandin F-1 alpha (PGI(2)-M), is the approach of choice to assess variations of the endogenous synthesis of PGI(2), that occur in response to dietary, pharmacological and pathological alterations. We developed a relatively simple stable isotope dilution assay for PGI(2)-M which involves solid-phase extraction of 10 ml of urine with Chem Elut disposable columns, water/solvent partitioning from basic and acidic environments with ethyl acetate and methylene chloride, derivatization to 1-pentafluorobenzyl ester followed by TLC, methoximation and trimethylsilylation. Quantification was achieved, for the first time for PGI(2)-M, by capillary GC-electron capture negative ion MS-MS with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in the negative ion detection mode with methane as moderating gas. The mean inter-assay R.S.D., determined on 12 different urine samples, was 5.1 (range 0.4% to 10.5%). The excretion of PGI(2)-M in 34 healthy male subjects (age 26 to 57) was 156.2 +/- 65.2 (mean +/- S.D.) ng/24 h. RP FERRETTI, A (reprint author), US ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,ROOM 122,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD DEC 22 PY 1993 VL 622 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80256-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MR222 UT WOS:A1993MR22200001 PM 8150859 ER PT J AU CHE, NZ PRICE, JC AF CHE, NZ PRICE, JC TI IMPROVED METHOD FOR CALIBRATING THE VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS OF THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION ADVANCED VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; IN-FLIGHT; NOAA-7; AVHRR; SATELLITE; SENSORS AB Two procedures are used to establish calibration of the visible and near-infrared channels of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-ii (NOAA-II) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The first procedure for visible spectra, uses satellite data, ground measurements of atmospheric conditions during satellite overpass, and historical surface reflectance values at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) in New Mexico. The second procedure, for the near-infrared, uses knowledge of the reflective properties at the WSMR and of a low-reflectance area, as determined from the first method, that yields satellite-gain values without a requirement for ground measurements of atmospheric conditions. The accuracy of gain values is estimated at +/-7% for the two methods. The WSMR combines accessibility, a wide range of surface reflectances, and generally good observing conditions, making it a desirable location for satellite calibration. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA. RP CHE, NZ (reprint author), USDA, REMOTE SENSING RES LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 36 BP 7471 EP 7478 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA MU150 UT WOS:A1993MU15000020 PM 20861967 ER PT J AU REINHART, MP FOGLIA, TA COOKE, PH AF REINHART, MP FOGLIA, TA COOKE, PH TI DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION OF STEROL CARRIER PROTEIN-2 IN CHICKEN INTESTINE AND LIVER AT TIME OF HATCHING SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; BIOSYNTHESIS; PURIFICATION; HYPOTHESIS; ANTIBODY; BINDING; TISSUES; CDNA C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 197 IS 2 BP 942 EP 948 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2570 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA MM436 UT WOS:A1993MM43600085 PM 8267634 ER PT J AU URBAN, JF MADDEN, KB CHEEVER, AW TROTTA, PP KATONA, IM FINKELMAN, FD AF URBAN, JF MADDEN, KB CHEEVER, AW TROTTA, PP KATONA, IM FINKELMAN, FD TI IFN INHIBITS INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES AND PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY IN MICE INFECTED WITH THE NEMATODE PARASITE, NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPE SELECTION; STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; T-CELL SUBSETS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; MURINE LEISHMANIASIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ALPHA; CD4+; INTERLEUKIN-4; LYMPHOCYTES AB Mice infected with the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) develop responses associated with enhanced production of IL-4 (increased serum IgE levels and intestinal mucosal mastocytosis) and IL-5 (tissue and peripheral blood eosinophilia). The antagonistic effects of IFN on IL-4-mediated responses prompted an examination of the effects of IFN on the host response to Nb. Treatment with rIFN-alpha and rIFN-gamma induced a marked increase in parasite egg production (fecundity) in BALB/c mice infected with Nb and delayed intestinal expulsion of adult worms. Treatment with rIFN-alpha or rIFN-gamma also inhibited the rise in peripheral blood eosinophilia that follows inoculation with Nb, and the intensity of pulmonary perivascular tissue eosinophilia. However, Nb-induced increases in serum IgE levels and intestinal mastocytosis were only temporarily delayed by IFN. Induction of endogenous IFN production by injection of fixed Brucella abortus into mice infected with Nb also resulted in an increased worm fecundity and delayed adult worm expulsion. These effects were ablated when mice given Brucella abortus also received injections of neutralizing anti-IFN antibodies. Thus, IFN inhibit host protective immunity to Nb, perhaps by interfering with the production and effects of Th2 cytokines. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HEBERT SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HEBERT SCH MED,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NIAID,PARASIT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. SCHERING PLOUGH CORP,RES INST,KENILWORTH,NJ 07033. RP URBAN, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI-21328, R29-AI-26150] NR 32 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 151 IS 12 BP 7086 EP 7094 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA MM036 UT WOS:A1993MM03600048 PM 8258713 ER PT J AU SIMANOWSKI, UA SUTER, P STICKEL, F MAIER, H WALDHERR, R SMITH, D RUSSELL, RM SEITZ, HK AF SIMANOWSKI, UA SUTER, P STICKEL, F MAIER, H WALDHERR, R SMITH, D RUSSELL, RM SEITZ, HK TI ESOPHAGEAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPROLIFERATION FOLLOWING LONG-TERM ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION IN RATS - EFFECTS OF AGE AND SALIVARY-GLAND FUNCTION SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Note ID CHRONIC ETHANOL-CONSUMPTION; UPPER ALIMENTARY-TRACT; CELL-PROLIFERATION; CANCER; DEFICIENCY; TISSUE C1 SALEM MED CTR, DEPT MED, ALCOHOL RES LIVER DIS & NUTR LAB, ZEPPELINSTR 11-33, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. UNIV HEIDELBERG, DEPT MED, W-6900 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. UNIV HEIDELBERG, DEPT OTORHINOLARYNGOL, W-6900 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. UNIV HEIDELBERG, DEPT PATHOL, W-6900 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 85 IS 24 BP 2030 EP 2033 DI 10.1093/jnci/85.24.2030 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ML155 UT WOS:A1993ML15500016 PM 8246289 ER PT J AU MOLLENHAUER, HH AF MOLLENHAUER, HH TI ARTIFACTS CAUSED BY DEHYDRATION AND EPOXY EMBEDDING IN TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE TEM; SECTIONING TECHNIQUES; SPECIMEN PREPARATION ID SURFACE RELIEF; THIN-SECTIONS; RESINS; SIZE AB Epoxy resins are the principal embedding media for the preservation of tissues to be sectioned and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Their primary advantages are good ultrastructural preservation, little or no shrinkage, ease of sectioning, and reasonable stability in the electron beam. However, epoxy resins also have disadvantages; namely, some are toxic, they may mask antigenic sites to a greater extent than do some other embedding resins, and they do not penetrate tissues as well as less viscous embedding formulations. Some unusual characteristics may also be revealed, for example, as shrinkage of organelles, as problems in poststaining sections, and as movement of tissue elements within the block and section. Some of the properties of epoxy resins are discussed in this report. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY,COLL STN,TX 77843. NR 60 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD DEC 15 PY 1993 VL 26 IS 6 BP 496 EP 512 DI 10.1002/jemt.1070260604 PG 17 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA MK207 UT WOS:A1993MK20700003 PM 8305727 ER PT J AU CLOTTENS, FL MEOLA, SM COAST, GM HAYES, TK WRIGHT, MS NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM AF CLOTTENS, FL MEOLA, SM COAST, GM HAYES, TK WRIGHT, MS NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ANTISERUM AGAINST AN ACHETAKININ-I ANALOG AND ITS USE FOR THE LOCALIZATION OF CULEKININ DEPOLARIZING PEPTIDE-II IN THE MOSQUITO, CULEX-SALINARIUS SO REGULATORY PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM; ACHETA DOMESTICUS; NEUROPEPTIDE; ELISA ID LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; LEUCOKININ-I; IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; COCKROACH; FAMILY; MEMBERS AB ELISA experiments revealed that an antiserum raised against an achetakinin-analog could specifically detect the recently isolated Culekinin Depolarizing Peptide (CDP)-II from the mosquito, Culex salinarius. The characterization indicated that two different epitopes in the C-terminal region of achetakinin I and CDP-II are recognized. One epitope is the -F-Y-region, the other is the -P-W-region. Among the peptides isolated from C. salinarius, the antiserum reacts only with CDP-II. Pre-absorption tests of the antiserum with CDP-II in immunohistological stainings abolished the reaction, while tests with pre-immune sera did not cause any immunopositive reactions. In the mosquito head ganglia, immunoreactive neurons were detected in the pars lateralis, the optic lobe and the suboesophageal ganglion. Although some immunopositive axons extended into the nervi corporis cardiacii II, no immunoreactivity was observed in the retrocerebral complex. In the thoracic ganglia, immunoreactive neurons were found in the pro-, meso- and metathoracic neuromeres. No immunoreactivity was found elsewhere. With this study we demonstrate that CDP-II, isolated from a whole body extract, is truly a neuropeptide, and the data suggest that its function is neuromodulating or neurotransmitting rather than neurohormonal. C1 BIRBECK COLL,DEPT BIOL,LONDON WC1E 7HX,ENGLAND. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,INST BIOSCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP CLOTTENS, FL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-0115 J9 REGUL PEPTIDES JI Regul. Pept. PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 49 IS 2 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0167-0115(93)90436-C PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA ML761 UT WOS:A1993ML76100006 PM 8134616 ER PT J AU MECH, LD AF MECH, LD TI IDOLIZING WOLVES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP MECH, LD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,WORLD CONSERVAT UNION,WOLF SPECIALIST GRP,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 1993 VL 262 IS 5140 BP 1631 EP 1632 DI 10.1126/science.262.5140.1631-c PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ML220 UT WOS:A1993ML22000009 ER PT J AU SELHUB, J JACQUES, PF WILSON, PWF RUSH, D ROSENBERG, IH AF SELHUB, J JACQUES, PF WILSON, PWF RUSH, D ROSENBERG, IH TI VITAMIN STATUS AND INTAKE AS PRIMARY DETERMINANTS OF HOMOCYSTEINEMIA IN AN ELDERLY POPULATION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PLASMA HOMOCYST(E)INE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; INFARCTION; HEALTH; ASSAY AB Objective.-To describe the distribution of plasma homocysteine concentrations in an elderly population and to analyze the relationship between homocysteine level and intake of vitamins and serum levels of vitamins that serve as coenzymes in homocysteine metabolism. Design.-Cross-sectional analysis of homocysteine levels and vitamin blood levels and intake in elderly participants in the Framingham Study. Setting.-Population-based cohort in Framingham, Mass. Participants.-A total of 1160 adult survivors, aged 67 to 96 years, from the original Framingham Heart Study cohort. Main Outcome Measures.-Plasma homocysteine concentration correlated with plasma folate, vitamin B-12, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), and oral intakes of these vitamins, and the contribution of these vitamins to the prevalence of elevated homocysteine in the population. Results.-Homocysteine levels were positively correlated with age after controlling for vitamin concentrations. After controlling for age, sex, and levels of other vitamins, homocysteine exhibited a strong inverse association with plasma folate. When subjects were grouped by deciles of plasma folate, mean homocysteine was significantly higher in the lowest two folate deciles (1 5.6 and 1 3.7 mumol/L, respectively) than in the highest decile (11.0 mumol/L). Homocysteine demonstrated weaker, inverse associations with plasma vitamin B-12 and PLP. Similar inverse associations were demonstrated between homocysteine and intakes of folate and vitamin B-6, but not vitamin B-12. Prevalence of high homocysteine (> 14 mumol/L) was 29.3% in this cohort, and was greatest among subjects with low folate status. Inadequate plasma concentrations of one or more B vitamins appear to contribute to 67% of the cases of high homocysteine. Conclusions.-These results indicate a strong association between homocysteine concentration and folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 status, as well as age. It is possible that a substantial majority of the cases of high homocysteine in this older population can be attributed to vitamin status. C1 FRAMINGTON MASS HEART STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. RP SELHUB, J (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 20 TC 1447 Z9 1497 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 8 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 22 BP 2693 EP 2698 DI 10.1001/jama.270.22.2693 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MJ821 UT WOS:A1993MJ82100028 PM 8133587 ER PT J AU JOUBRAN, RF CORNELL, DG PARRIS, N AF JOUBRAN, RF CORNELL, DG PARRIS, N TI MICROEMULSIONS OF TRIGLYCERIDE AND NONIONIC SURFACTANT - EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND AQUEOUS-PHASE COMPOSITION SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE AQUEOUS PHASE COMPOSITION; MICROEMULSIONS; NONIONIC SURFACTANT; TEMPERATURE; TRIGLYCERIDE ID MODEL MICROEMULSIONS; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; VEGETABLE-OILS; WATER; SYSTEMS; SOLUBILIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION AB The phase behavior of soybean oil, polyoxyethylene (40) sorbitol hexaoleate and water-ethanol was investigated. Regions of water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions were determined and were found to be strongly dependent on temperature and water: alcohol ratios. At a water: ethanol ratio of 80/20 (wt.%), an oil: surfactant ratio of 2/3 and a temperature of 25-degrees-C, the microemulsion region extended continuously' from the oil-surfactant axis to the phase diagram center. However, at the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) temperature (20-22-degrees-C) and a water:ethanol ratio of 80/20 or 75/25 (wt.%), a single-phase area separated from the original microemulsion region. Conductivity measurements and dynamic light scattering intensities at 25-degrees-C indicated that association structures were formed with increasing aqueous phase concentrations above 15 wt.%. At 20-degrees-C, the single-phase scattering intensities increased sharply with increasing aqueous phase concentrations (38-46 wt.%) and a plateau in the conductivity was detected. Transmission electron microscopy results supported the finding that more particles are formed with increasing aqueous phase and form connected particles, resulting in constant conductance. RP JOUBRAN, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD DEC 6 PY 1993 VL 80 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80194-J PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MM627 UT WOS:A1993MM62700009 ER PT J AU OWEN, JA OWEN, NL FEIST, WC AF OWEN, JA OWEN, NL FEIST, WC TI SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE AND INFRARED STUDIES OF WEATHERING IN SOUTHERN PINE SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID WOOD SURFACES AB Southern pine has been subjected to a variety of artificial weathering conditions and the wood surface analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of light on the weathering process is quite rapid; changes in functional groups on the wood surface, as monitored by infrared spectroscopy, occur within a few hours exposure. Light and water, both acting together, cause the greatest damage to the surface polymer structure, whereas water alone has very little effect on the chemistry of the surface. SEM data, however, show that water has a deleterious effect on the physical characteristics of the surface. Acetylation of the wood under mild conditions serves to protect the surface from the weathering effect of light and water. The extent of weathering is reduced by approximately 50%. C1 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PROVO,UT 84602. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD DEC 3 PY 1993 VL 300 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0022-2860(93)87010-7 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA ML292 UT WOS:A1993ML29200009 ER PT J AU YANG, XS MILLER, DR MONTGOMERY, ME AF YANG, XS MILLER, DR MONTGOMERY, ME TI VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF CANOPY FOLIAGE AND BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE RADIATION IN A DEFOLIATED/REFOLIATED HARDWOOD FOREST SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SURFACE; ARCHITECTURE; USA; CO2 AB Vertical profiles of foliage area and solar irradiance in the ultraviolet-B (UVB, 280-320 nm), photosynthetically active (PAR, 400-700 nm), and total spectral regions were measured simultaneously in a partially refoliated mixed oak forest, previously defoliated by gypsy moth, using canopy analyzers and broadband radiation sensors mounted on an auto-levelling platform of a mobile, up-down lifting tower. Measurements were taken at ten locations in the stand; at nine vertical positions in each location. Temporal variations also were evaluated in a second experiment with the same protocol at a fixed location. Downward cumulative leaf area index was fit to the Weibull cumulative distribution function. Good agreements were found between the data and their Weibull representations, with nonlinear R(2) value averaged at 0.98 for the ten fittings of the spatial samples and greater than 0.99 for the means. Both the scale and shape parameters of the Weibull cumulative distribution function were significantly correlated and decreased with the canopy leaf area index. As an indicator of the internal consistency of the canopy analyzers, the temporal variation of the leaf area measurements at the fixed location was about 10% for solar zenith angle in the range of 30-45 degrees. The irradiance of UVB, PAR and total solar radiation within the canopy were all found to attenuate with downward cumulative leaf area index, and their vertical distribution could be reasonably well described by Beer's law of attenuation. The attenuation rate was greatest for UVB, smallest for total spectral region and intermediate for PAR. Extinction coefficients were 0.86, 0.79 and 0.64 for UVB, PAR and total solar energy, respectively. Ratios of UVB to PAR, UVB to total spectral region and PAR to total spectral region also were shown to decrease with cumulative leaf area index. The use of long-term change in the flux ratio of UVB to PAR to monitor the forest adaptation to, and damage level from, increased exposure to UVB was recommended. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP YANG, XS (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & ENGN,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 146 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(93)90054-L PG 18 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MP876 UT WOS:A1993MP87600009 ER PT J AU MESSINA, MG DUNCAN, JE AF MESSINA, MG DUNCAN, JE TI IRRIGATION EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND WATER-USE OF QUERCUS-VIRGINIANA (MILL) ON A TEXAS LIGNITE SURFACE-MINED SITE SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL TEXAS; FLOW GAUGE; SAP FLOW; REVEGETATION; MINESOILS; PLANTS AB Three different irrigation regimes (100%-high, 67%-medium and 33%-low of estimated well-watered conditions) were applied to Quercus virginiana (live oak) seedlings on reclaimed lignite surface-mined soils in central Texas as a means to study the physiology and growth of seedlings during establishment. The study period was 4 July 1990 through 30 September 1990. Transpiration, stomatal conductance and water potential were significantly higher (alpha=0.05) in the high treatment than in the low and medium treatments. Favorable water status contributed to somewhat greater seedling growth in the high treatment than in the low and medium treatments. Greater growth was associated with favorable seedling water potential, high stomatal conductance and rapid transpiration in the high treatment. Physiological responses and growth characteristics indicated that an irrigation rate of 1.2 kg.d-1 per seedling during the dry summer months was sufficient for seedling survival and establishment. An irrigation rate of 3.8 kg-d-1 per seedling promoted rapid seedling growth in addition to ensuring establishment. C1 US FOREST SERV,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP MESSINA, MG (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 265 EP 280 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(93)90007-W PG 16 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA MQ868 UT WOS:A1993MQ86800002 ER PT J AU SHIMANUKI, H AF SHIMANUKI, H TI THE VARROA MYSTERY - RESPONSE SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP SHIMANUKI, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 133 IS 12 BP 820 EP 820 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MK872 UT WOS:A1993MK87200007 ER PT J AU BRANDT, JA AHEARN, MC AF BRANDT, JA AHEARN, MC TI CHANGING PERSONAL PROFILE OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMISTS - LOOKING TO THE FUTURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY AUG 01-04, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER AGR ECON ASSOC C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,OFF ADM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP BRANDT, JA (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1145 EP 1149 DI 10.2307/1243441 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000013 ER PT J AU PICK, DH AF PICK, DH TI EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS OF IMPERFECT COMPETITION AND TRADE IN THE FOOD-INDUSTRIES - DISCUSSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Discussion RP PICK, DH (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1240 EP 1241 DI 10.2307/1243464 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000036 ER PT J AU CROOK, FW WEBB, SH ROZELLE, S WAILES, E GAO, XM FAN, SG HAN, T ZHANG, GH ZHAI, Y XU, LS WANG, YX WANG, M CHERN, WS PIAZZA, A AF CROOK, FW WEBB, SH ROZELLE, S WAILES, E GAO, XM FAN, SG HAN, T ZHANG, GH ZHAI, Y XU, LS WANG, YX WANG, M CHERN, WS PIAZZA, A TI CHINA AGRICULTURAL STATISTICAL SYSTEM - PAST AND PROSPECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV ARKANSAS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. WORLD BANK,WASHINGTON,DC 20433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1286 EP 1286 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000047 ER PT J AU QUIROZ, J VONBRAUN, J NELSON, G LEVIN, C AF QUIROZ, J VONBRAUN, J NELSON, G LEVIN, C TI AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES - TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND POLICY OPTIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WORLD BANK,WASHINGTON,DC 20433. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1286 EP 1287 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000049 ER PT J AU SETIA, P MERCIER, S HYBERG, B WILSON, W AF SETIA, P MERCIER, S HYBERG, B WILSON, W TI ROLE OF QUALITY IN WHEAT IMPORT DECISIONS - AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NDSU,FARGO,ND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1286 EP 1286 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000048 ER PT J AU FINDEIS, JS LUNDEEN, AA BALLENGER, N LEMIEUX, C AF FINDEIS, JS LUNDEEN, AA BALLENGER, N LEMIEUX, C TI PASSAGES IN AN AGRICULTURAL-ECONOMICS CAREER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. FED RESERVE BANK KANSAS CITY,KANSAS CITY,KS. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1287 EP 1287 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000050 ER PT J AU BEHR, RM BALLENGER, N ALEXANDER, S AF BEHR, RM BALLENGER, N ALEXANDER, S TI JOB SEARCH STRATEGIES FOR THE 1990S SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. DUPONT CO INC,WILMINGTON,DE 19898. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1290 EP 1290 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000061 ER PT J AU KANAI, M FUJITA, N HASEBE, T SAWADA, Y AITA, Y HIEMSTRA, SJ DEATON, L AF KANAI, M FUJITA, N HASEBE, T SAWADA, Y AITA, Y HIEMSTRA, SJ DEATON, L TI CHANGING PATTERNS OF FOOD-CONSUMPTION IN JAPAN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL RES INST AGR ECON,TOKYO,JAPAN. UNIV TOKYO,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. TOHOKU UNIV,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1293 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000072 ER PT J AU MACDONALD, SA RUPPEL, FJ CLEMENS, RL HAYES, DJ WILLIAMS, GW ROSSON, CP MARCHANT, MA AF MACDONALD, SA RUPPEL, FJ CLEMENS, RL HAYES, DJ WILLIAMS, GW ROSSON, CP MARCHANT, MA TI UNITED-STATES AND INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE DATA - ALTERNATIVE SOURCES AND APPROPRIATE USES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL STN,TX 77843. UNIV KENTUCKY,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1293 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000071 ER PT J AU NELSON, K HOAG, D ROKA, F KRIDER, J RIBAUDO, M AF NELSON, K HOAG, D ROKA, F KRIDER, J RIBAUDO, M TI LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN THE CLEAN WATER DEBATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA,SCS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1293 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000070 ER PT J AU AHEARN, M LASS, D FLORA, CB AF AHEARN, M LASS, D FLORA, CB TI RECENT RESEARCH ON WOMENS LABOR ON AND OFF THE FARM - AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1294 EP 1294 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000075 ER PT J AU MOORE, MR GOLLEHON, NR CARLEY, MB AF MOORE, MR GOLLEHON, NR CARLEY, MB TI ALTERNATIVE MODELS OF INPUT ALLOCATION IN MULTICROP SYSTEMS - IRRIGATION WATER IN THE CENTRAL PLAINS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1295 EP 1295 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000080 ER PT J AU OSBORN, CT HEIMLICH, RE RENDLEMAN, M QUIROGA, RE AF OSBORN, CT HEIMLICH, RE RENDLEMAN, M QUIROGA, RE TI WHEN CROP CONTRACTS EXPIRE - CONSEQUENCES OF ALTERNATIVE ECONOMIC SCENARIOS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,APHIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1295 EP 1295 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000076 ER PT J AU DODSON, CB AF DODSON, CB TI ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY OF FARM REAL-ESTATE EQUITY INVESTMENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1297 EP 1297 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000098 ER PT J AU HANSON, GD JINKINS, J STANTON, BF AF HANSON, GD JINKINS, J STANTON, BF TI THE MYTH OF A DECLINING UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1297 EP 1297 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000096 ER PT J AU WEBB, SE HANSON, K SUNDARESAN, I AF WEBB, SE HANSON, K SUNDARESAN, I TI THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL REFORMS ON CHINA ECONOMY AND WORLD AGRICULTURAL TRADE - A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV DELAWARE,NEWARK,DE 19718. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1297 EP 1297 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000095 ER PT J AU WHITTAKER, G FARE, R AF WHITTAKER, G FARE, R TI AN INTERMEDIATE INPUT MODEL OF DAIRY PRODUCTION USING COMPLEX SURVEY DATA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RI Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1297 EP 1298 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000102 ER PT J AU THIJSSEN, G VASAYADA, U AF THIJSSEN, G VASAYADA, U TI PRE-TESTING AND ESTIMATION OF AN INTERTEMPORAL QUADRATIC ADJUSTMENT COST MODEL FOR CANADIAN AGRICULTURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1298 EP 1298 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000103 ER PT J AU LEVIN, CE AF LEVIN, CE TI THE EFFECT OF SEASONALITY ON HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY - EXPLORING THE DETERMINANTS OF FOOD STOCKING AND BORROWING BEHAVIOR AMONG RURAL INDONESIAN HOUSEHOLDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1300 EP 1300 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000124 ER PT J AU ARNADE, CA AF ARNADE, CA TI MODELING THE INFLUENCE OF RISK ON AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1301 EP 1301 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000134 ER PT J AU ENGEL, PM LIN, BH MAKUS, LD AF ENGEL, PM LIN, BH MAKUS, LD TI FACTORS INFLUENCING UNITED-STATES SHARE OF THE JAPANESE BEEF MARKET SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. US DEPT INTERIOR,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. UNIV IDAHO,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1302 EP 1302 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000146 ER PT J AU PICK, DH ARNADE, CA VASAVADA, U AF PICK, DH ARNADE, CA VASAVADA, U TI TESTING DYNAMIC SPECIFICATION FOR IMPORT DEMAND MODELS - THE CASE OF COTTON SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1302 EP 1302 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000147 ER PT J AU FRISVOLD, G INGRAM, K AF FRISVOLD, G INGRAM, K TI SOURCES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY DIFFERENCES AMONG SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1303 EP 1303 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000153 ER PT J AU SCHAIBLE, GD AF SCHAIBLE, GD TI WATER CONSERVATION POLICY ANALYSIS - AN INTERREGIONAL MULTIOUTPUT PRIMAL OPTIMIZATION APPROACH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1303 EP 1303 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000156 ER PT J AU QUIROGA, RE FERNANDEZCORNEJO, J VASAVADA, U AF QUIROGA, RE FERNANDEZCORNEJO, J VASAVADA, U TI USING VIRTUAL PRICES TO MODEL REDUCED CHEMICAL USE IN THE UNITED-STATES CORN-BELT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1304 EP 1304 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000163 ER PT J AU WHITTAKER, G LIN, BH VASAVADA, U AF WHITTAKER, G LIN, BH VASAVADA, U TI RESTRICTING PESTICIDE USE - THE IMPACT ON PROFITABILITY BY FARM SIZE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1304 EP 1304 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000162 ER PT J AU WEBB, AJ WEBB, SE AF WEBB, AJ WEBB, SE TI PROJECTIONS OF CHINA EXCESS-DEMAND FOR GRAINS - THE EFFECT OF INCOME CHANGES ON CONSUMPTION PATTERNS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1305 EP 1305 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000174 ER PT J AU ELOSTA, HS AHEARN, MC AF ELOSTA, HS AHEARN, MC TI ESTIMATING OPPORTUNITY COST OF UNPAID FARM-LABOR FOR UNITED-STATES FARM OPERATORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1306 EP 1306 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000178 ER PT J AU LANGLEY, J AF LANGLEY, J TI AN ANALYSIS OF THE TARGETED OPTION PAYMENT PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ASCS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1307 EP 1307 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000188 ER PT J AU VROOMEN, H DUFFIELD, J AF VROOMEN, H DUFFIELD, J TI AN INTERVENTION ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF IMMIGRATION REFORM IN CALIFORNIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1307 EP 1307 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000187 ER PT J AU BALLENGER, N BEATTIE, R KRISSOFF, B AF BALLENGER, N BEATTIE, R KRISSOFF, B TI TRADE AGREEMENTS AND INCENTIVES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY - A WESTERN-HEMISPHERE EXAMPLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1308 EP 1308 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000198 ER PT J AU BURFISHER, M ROBINSON, S THIERFELDER, K AF BURFISHER, M ROBINSON, S THIERFELDER, K TI EFFECTS OF THE GATT ON THE UNITED-STATES-MEXICO FREE-TRADE AGREEMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USN ACAD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1308 EP 1308 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000196 ER PT J AU REED, AJ GRACE, E HAIDACHER, RC AF REED, AJ GRACE, E HAIDACHER, RC TI THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG FOOD-AT-HOME, FOOD-AWAY-FROM-HOME, AND NONFOOD PRICES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1308 EP 1308 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000203 ER PT J AU LEVEDAHL, JW MAUL, K AF LEVEDAHL, JW MAUL, K TI AN EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL FORMS USED TO ESTIMATE THE ENGEL CURVE FOR FOOD EXPENDITURES BY FOOD STAMP RECIPIENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1309 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000212 ER PT J AU SETIA, PP AF SETIA, PP TI EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF QUALITY ON VENEZUELAN WHEAT IMPORT DECISIONS - A GAME-THEORETIC APPROACH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1310 EP 1311 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000223 ER PT J AU KIM, CS HOSTETLER, J AMACHER, G AF KIM, CS HOSTETLER, J AMACHER, G TI GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION WITH DELAYED-RESPONSES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1311 EP 1311 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000229 ER PT J AU URI, N BEACH, ED CHOMO, G AF URI, N BEACH, ED CHOMO, G TI MEASURING QUALITY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WORLD WHEAT SUPPLIERS - A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION OF INTRAINDUSTRY TRADE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1312 EP 1312 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000239 ER PT J AU LEVEDAHL, JW BALLENGER, N AF LEVEDAHL, JW BALLENGER, N TI COMPARING THE EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE AND FOOD STAMP PROGRAMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1316 EP 1316 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000269 ER PT J AU OLLINGER, M FERNANDEZCORNEJO, J AF OLLINGER, M FERNANDEZCORNEJO, J TI INNOVATION, MARKET-STRUCTURE, AND REGULATION IN THE PESTICIDE INDUSTRY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1316 EP 1317 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000278 ER PT J AU RALSTON, K AF RALSTON, K TI CHILDRENS HEALTH AS AN INPUT TO LABOR - INTRAHOUSEHOLD FOOD DISTRIBUTION IN RURAL INDONESIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1317 EP 1317 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000285 ER PT J AU BAGI, FS ELOSTA, HS AF BAGI, FS ELOSTA, HS TI WEALTH DISTRIBUTION AMONG FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1318 EP 1318 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000291 ER PT J AU SALSGIVER, J HINES, FK AF SALSGIVER, J HINES, FK TI FARM INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT - INDICATORS OF COUNTY FARM DEPENDENCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1319 EP 1319 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000303 ER PT J AU DUEWER, LA AF DUEWER, LA TI COMPARISON OF RED MEAT AND POULTRY CONSUMPTION AND RETAIL-PRICES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,MED & PATHOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1320 EP 1320 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000309 ER PT J AU NELSON, FJ SIMONE, M VALDES, C AF NELSON, FJ SIMONE, M VALDES, C TI COMPARISON OF AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT LEVELS IN CANADA, MEXICO AND THE UNITED-STATES, 1982-91 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1320 EP 1321 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000313 ER PT J AU SIMONE, MV NELSON, FJ AF SIMONE, MV NELSON, FJ TI THE UNITED-STATES-CANADA FREE-TRADE AGREEMENT - AN APPLICATION OF PRODUCER SUBSIDY EQUIVALENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1320 EP 1320 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000308 ER PT J AU CHANDRAN, RV SHANK, D AF CHANDRAN, RV SHANK, D TI STOCHASTIC-DOMINANCE ANALYSIS OF ADOPTION OF NONCHEMICAL PEST-MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES BY VEGETABLE FARMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1321 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000321 ER PT J AU DUBMAN, R DODSON, C MCELROY, R AF DUBMAN, R DODSON, C MCELROY, R TI A POCKET GUIDE TO NET INCOME MULTIPLIERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1321 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000320 ER PT J AU LEE, J FERGUSON, W AF LEE, J FERGUSON, W TI ASSESSING PROFESSIONAL SCOUTING PROGRAMS IN COTTON SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1321 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000316 ER PT J AU MORGAN, NR AF MORGAN, NR TI JOINT PRODUCTS - THE CASE OF JAPANESE DEMAND FOR SOYBEAN-MEAL AND OIL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1321 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW710 UT WOS:A1993MW71000314 ER PT J AU MALONE, SR MAYEUX, HS JOHNSON, HB POLLEY, HW AF MALONE, SR MAYEUX, HS JOHNSON, HB POLLEY, HW TI STOMATAL DENSITY AND APERTURE LENGTH IN 4 PLANT-SPECIES GROWN ACROSS A SUBAMBIENT CO2 GRADIENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LEAF; CONDUCTANCE; RESPONSES; INCREASE; CENTURIES; HUMIDITY; NUMBERS; LEAVES AB Stomatal density, stomatal aperture length, area/leaf, and number of stomata/leaf were measured after the annual C3 agronomic grasses oats (Avena sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), the C3 woody legume honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), and the perennial C4 grass little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) were grown across a subambient carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) gradient from near 200 to 350 mumol/mol in a growth chamber. The purpose was to determine if the size and density of stomata vary in response to atmospheric [CO2] during growth, across a subambient [CO2] range representative of the doubling that has occurred since the last ice age. Changes in stomatal density and aperture length with increasing [CO2] were small when detected. Stomatal density decreased on adaxial flag leaf surfaces of wheat, and aperture length increased slightly with [CO2]. Leaf area and number of stomata/flag leaf increased by similar proportions with [CO2] in two wheat cultivars. No consistent relationship between [CO2] and stomatal density or size was detected in mesquite, oats, or little bluestem. We conclude that individual plants of these species lack the plasticity to significantly alter stomatal density and aperture length in response to increasing atmospheric [CO2] in a single generation (annuals) or growing season (perennials). RP MALONE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 31 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 20 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 80 IS 12 BP 1413 EP 1418 DI 10.2307/2445670 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MP331 UT WOS:A1993MP33100007 ER PT J AU TROUT, DL BEHALL, KM OSILESI, O AF TROUT, DL BEHALL, KM OSILESI, O TI PREDICTION OF GLYCEMIC INDEX FOR STARCHY FOODS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE GLYCEMIC INDEX; TOTAL DIETARY FIBER; PHYTIC ACID; PROTEIN; STARCH GRANULES; LEGUMES; GRAINS; TUBERS ID BLOOD-GLUCOSE RESPONSE; DIETARY FIBER CONTENT; MIXED MEALS; INSULIN RESPONSES; INVITRO RATE; PHYTIC ACID; DIGESTIBILITY; DIABETICS; DIGESTION; COOKING AB Associations between published values for glycemic index (GI) and chemical components were examined by regression analysis in 18 starchy foods. Independent variables were the amounts of protein, fat, phytic acid, and total dietary fiber (TDF) present in food portions containing 50 g available carbohydrate. GI was similarly and significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with TDF, protein, and phytate. When foods were considered as comprising two groups, legumes and others (grains and tubers), food category accounted for as large a fraction of variability in GI as did regression analysis with food components in the undivided sample. Most correlations between GI and components reverted toward zero when calculated only for the legumes or for the ''others'' group. Evidence is cited that the method of preparing foods and the characteristics of starch and starch granules are more important in predicting GI among starchy foods than is the content of any of these four food components. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OGUN STATE UNIV,OBAFEMI AWOLOWO COLL HLTH SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,AGO IWOYE,NIGERIA. NR 45 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 58 IS 6 BP 873 EP 878 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MK466 UT WOS:A1993MK46600010 PM 8249870 ER PT J AU SAARI, JT JOHNSON, WT REEVES, PG JOHNSON, LK AF SAARI, JT JOHNSON, WT REEVES, PG JOHNSON, LK TI AMELIORATION OF EFFECTS OF SEVERE DIETARY COPPER DEFICIENCY BY FOOD RESTRICTION IN RATS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; FOOD RESTRICTION; HEART; CIRCULATION; LIVER; TRACE ELEMENT ID NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCES; FISCHER-344 RATS; LIPIDS; EXPRESSION; LONGEVITY; MECHANISM; PROTEIN; LIVER; IRON AB To test the effect of food restriction on responses to dietary copper deficiency, male weanling rats were fed two amounts of dietary copper via five dietary-intake regimens ranging from ad libitum to 70% of ad libitum intake. Copper-deficient rats exhibited characteristic signs, including depressed organ copper content, reduced activity of copper-dependent enzymes, enlarged hearts, and anemia. Food restriction attenuated the cardiac enlargement, red blood cell defects, and reduction of superoxide dismutase activity in copper-deficient rats. Mineral and enzyme assays suggested that possible mechanisms for this amelioration are the correction of copper status and/or the improvement of antioxidant status. Also, food restriction depressed serum cholesterol and enhanced cytochrome c oxidase activity in both copper-adequate and copper-deficient rats, which compensated for effects of copper deficiency. A second experiment illustrated that the mortality associated with severe copper deficiency was also inhibited by food restriction. RP SAARI, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 58 IS 6 BP 891 EP 896 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MK466 UT WOS:A1993MK46600014 PM 8249874 ER PT J AU ZHENG, JJ MASON, JB ROSENBERG, IH WOOD, RJ AF ZHENG, JJ MASON, JB ROSENBERG, IH WOOD, RJ TI MEASUREMENT OF ZINC BIOAVAILABILITY FROM BEEF AND A READY-TO-EAT HIGH-FIBER BREAKFAST CEREAL IN HUMANS - APPLICATION OF A WHOLE-GUT LAVAGE TECHNIQUE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BEEF; WHEAT BRAN; READY-TO-EAT BREAKFAST CEREAL; DIETARY FIBER; PHYTATE; WHOLE-GUT LAVAGE ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE; ZINC BIOAVAILABILITY; ZINC OXIDE ID STABLE ISOTOPE; YOUNG MEN; ABSORPTION; IRON; NUTRITION; PHYTATE; AVAILABILITY; CALCIUM; PROTEIN; WOMEN AB We measured zinc absorption in humans from two different foods, using a whole-gut lavage technique. Healthy adults (n = 8) were given test foods containing approximately 4 mg (61.2 mumol) Zn as either beef or a high-fiber, ready-to-eat breakfast cereal. Basal zinc loss in the gut was measured after giving only 200 mL water alone after an overnight fast. Mean polyethylene glycol (PEG) recovery, a nonabsorbable fecal marker, was 95 +/- 2% (xBAR +/- SE). There was no significant difference of PEG recoveries with the various treatments. True absorption of zinc was 11.0 +/- 5.4 mumol (716.3 +/- 355.9 mug) for breakfast cereal and 34.8 +/- 3.5 mumol (2274.1 +/- 230.2 mug) for beef. Fractional zinc absorption was significantly lower for breakfast cereal compared with beef, 14.7 +/- 6.7% vs 55.1 +/- 4.6%, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that zinc absorption can be measured in humans from single foods containing a physiological dose of zinc by using the whole-gut lavage absorption technique and that zinc bioavailability from beef is about fourfold greater than from a high-fiber breakfast cereal. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,711 WASHINGTON S,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 58 IS 6 BP 902 EP 907 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MK466 UT WOS:A1993MK46600016 PM 8249876 ER PT J AU LI, HM CYBULSKY, MI GIMBRONE, MA LIBBY, P AF LI, HM CYBULSKY, MI GIMBRONE, MA LIBBY, P TI INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION OF VASCULAR CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE-1 BY VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS IN-VITRO AND WITHIN RABBIT ATHEROMA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1 INDUCES INTERLEUKIN-1; MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE ADHESION; HUMAN CAROTID ARTERIES; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; PHENOTYPIC-EXPRESSION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule, is expressed in cultured vascular endothelial cells activated by cytokines and is induced in rabbit aortic endothelium in vivo within 1 week after initiation of an atherogenic diet. We now demonstrate that vascular smooth muscle cells can also express VCAM-1 in rabbit atherosclerotic lesions in vivo and in response to cytokines in vitro. Immunohistochemical staining of aortas from rabbits fed a 0.3% cholesterol-containing diet revealed that a portion of smooth muscle cells within intimal foam cell-rich lesions expressed VCAM-1. The intimal VCAM-1-expressing cells localized predominantly in regions above the internal elastic lamina. These VCAM-1-positive cells bad the typical spindle shape of smooth muscle cells but bad reduced alpha-actin expression in comparison to normal medial smooth muscle cells, and did not bear markers for endothelium, macrophages, and T cells. In culture, rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells expressed VCAM-1 mRNA and protein in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion when exposed to interferon-gamma or Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells also expressed VCAM-1 mRNA and protein in response to lipopolysaccharide, interferon-gamma and interleukin-4. The monokines interleukin-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha did not induce VCAM-1 expression in either rabbit or human vascular smooth muscle cells. Inducible VCAM-1 expression by vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo during hypercholesterolemia and in vitro in response to certain cytokines suggests a broader range of VCAM-1 functions in vascular biology than heretofore appreciated. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV CARDIOVASC,VASC MED & ATHEROSCLEROSIS UNIT,221 LONGWOOD AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,DIV VASC RES,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-34636, R01-HL-45563, P01-HL-36028] NR 38 TC 162 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-3993 SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1551 EP 1559 PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA ML234 UT WOS:A1993ML23400006 PM 7504883 ER PT J AU LETSON, GW BAILEY, RE PEARSON, J TSAI, TF AF LETSON, GW BAILEY, RE PEARSON, J TSAI, TF TI EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS (EEE) - A DESCRIPTION OF THE 1989 OUTBREAK, RECENT EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS, AND THE ASSOCIATION OF RAINFALL WITH EEE OCCURRENCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NEW-JERSEY; PATTERNS; PRESSURE; USA AB An Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) outbreak in 1989 led to nine human and 196 equine cases, chiefly in coastal Atlantic and Gulf Coast counties. In the past two decades, EEE age-specific incidence and mortality rates have declined compared with earlier years. Analysis of rainfall patterns in areas where human EEE cases occurred between 1983 and 1989 revealed an association between occurrence of human cases and excess rainfall. The association was stronger with data from local weather stations than from statewide rainfall averages and the predictive models were best when applied to northern states. The sensitivity and specificity of these measures varied, depending on the model used, but the positive predictive value was no better than 50%, regardless of the rainfall model applied. C1 USDA ARS,NATL VET DIAGNOST LAB,ANIM PLANT & HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP LETSON, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 49 IS 6 BP 677 EP 685 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MR261 UT WOS:A1993MR26100004 PM 8279635 ER PT J AU MILLER, RH PAAPE, MJ FILEP, R LINK, S AF MILLER, RH PAAPE, MJ FILEP, R LINK, S TI FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF NEUTROPHILS IN COWS MILK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; MASTITIS; YIELD; BLOOD AB Procedures were developed to count neutrophils in milk, using a flow cytometer. Milk samples from 2 experiments were counted: 1 with 4 noninfected cows and a second with 5 noninfected cows that were injected with endotoxin in 2 mammary quarters. Thus, the procedures were evaluated on normal milk and on that with high somatic cell count. Flow cytometric procedures involved fluorescence detection (from the dye carboxydimethyifluorescein diacetate) to distinguish intact and viable from fragmented cells, forward light scatter to detect cell size differences, and right-angle side scatter to detect cellular granularity. High fluorescence, large size, and high degree of granularity identified viable neutrophils. For all samples, neutrophils were also counted manually, using the cytologic centrifugation approach to create the slides; manual counts were used as the standard for comparison. In experiment 1 (normal milk), mean values for percentage of viable neutrophils estimated by manual and now cytometry procedures agreed closely (26% vs 25.8% for foremilk and 28.8% vs 26.6% for bucket milk). Sources of variation in manual and flow cytometric estimates of percentage of neutrophils were examined. Cow variation was significant (P < 0.01) for manual and flow cytometric counts, but was larger for now cytometric counts. Day-to-day variation in counts on milk from the same cow was negligible for manual counts, but was significant (P < 0.01) for flow cytometric counts. Coefficients of variation were considerably larger for manual counts than for flow cytometry. In experiment 2 (milk with high cell count, foremilk), agreement between mean values obtained by flow cytometry and by manual counting was somewhat less. However, predicting manual percentage of neutrophils, using the flow cytometric estimate, had R(2) of 0.77. Regression of the manual percentage of neutrophils value on the now cytometric percentage of neutrophil value was close to 1.0, with only a small negative intercept. Some additional refinement of flow cytometric procedures may be required before now cytometric estimates of percentage of neutrophils can be accepted without simultaneous validation by use of manual counting. In particular, causes of day-today variation in flow cytometric results should be identified and reduced. RP MILLER, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1975 EP 1979 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MK138 UT WOS:A1993MK13800002 PM 8116925 ER PT J AU BROWNBORG, HM KLEMCKE, HG BLECHA, F AF BROWNBORG, HM KLEMCKE, HG BLECHA, F TI LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES IN NEONATAL PIGS WITH HIGH OR LOW PLASMA-CORTISOL CONCENTRATION AFTER STRESS-INDUCED BY RESTRAINT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; YOUNG-PIGS; INTERLEUKIN-2; PITUITARY; PIGLETS; AGE; RESPONSIVENESS; INHIBITION; INVITRO; GROWTH AB High plasma cortisol concentration is associated with perception of stress and reduced immune function in pigs. Neonatal pigs (12, 19, or 26 days old) were tested to determine maximal cortisol response to a mild restraint stressor. Pigs were fitted with indwelling jugular cannulas 4 days prior to restraint. One day before restraint, 10 ml of blood was removed for lymphocyte isolation and subsequent in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) assays. On the day of restraint, blood samples were drawn 10 minutes before and 3, 10, and 20 minutes after holding each pig in a supine position for 1 minute. Plasma cortisol concentration was determined by use of radioimmunoassay. Pigs with maximal cortisol response greater than the mean value for that age group were classified in the high-responder (HIRES) group. Conversely, those with values lower than the mean maximal response were assigned to the low-responder (LORES) group. The HIRES pigs had larger relative adrenal gland weights and higher baseline and maximal cortisol responses, compared with LORES pigs (P = 0.0170, P = 0.0002, P = 0.0001, respectively). Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses (to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen) were 60% lower (P = 0.0037, P = 0.0432, P = 0.0103, respectively) in HIRES vs LORES pigs. In vitro IL-2 production did not differ between HIRES and LORES pigs. Lymphocyte proliferation induced by the B-cell mitogen, pokeweed mitogen, decreased 56% with age (P = 0.0151). Production of IL-2 was numerically decreased (P = 0.06) by 50% in 26-day-old pigs, compared with earlier ages. These results indicate that neonatal pigs with low cortisol response to stress may have an advantage, from an immunologic standpoint, over pigs prone to stress. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. KANSAS STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT & PHYSIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 36 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 54 IS 12 BP 2015 EP 2020 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MK138 UT WOS:A1993MK13800009 PM 8116931 ER PT J AU KATZ, JB GUSTAFSON, GA ALSTAD, AD ADLER, KA MOSER, KM AF KATZ, JB GUSTAFSON, GA ALSTAD, AD ADLER, KA MOSER, KM TI COLORIMETRIC DIAGNOSIS OF PROLONGED BLUETONGUE VIREMIA IN SHEEP, USING AN ENZYME-LINKED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE SORBENT ASSAY OF AMPLIFIED VIRAL NUCLEIC-ACIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIRUS SEROTYPE-10; COMPLETE SEQUENCE; NS1; RNA; NUCLEOTIDE; SAMPLES; PROTEIN AB Each of 5 US-origin serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) was inoculated into a separate pair of sheep. The duration of each animal's ensuing viremia was monitored, using a Bm serogroup-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and an embryonating chicken egg (ECE) inoculation procedure. Mean duration of viremia was 100 and 38 days for the PCR and ECE methods, respectively. This difference was significant (P < 0.001) and documents a more prolonged viremia in virus-exposed sheep than has been reported. A dual internal oligonucleotide solution hybridization procedure was developed for the rapid (2 hours) colorimetric detection and identification of BTV-specific PCR products. This enzyme-linked oligonucleotide sorbent assay (ELOSA) relied on annealing of separate biotinylated and fluoresceinated probes to the amplified BTV nucleic acid; these complexes were captured on streptavidin-coated microtitration wells and were detected, using a horseradish peroxidase-labeled antifluorescein antibody conjugate. End-point dilution analyses of PCR products indicated that the ELOSA was more sensitive than gel electrophoretic or comparable colorimetric slot-blot hybridization techniques. The sm PCR-ELOSA system represents a more sensitive and expeditious means of diagnosing BTV-induced viremia than does the ECE procedure currently used. The combination of ELOSA with PCR should facilitate practical application of nucleic acid technology to diagnostic veterinary medicine. C1 DUPONT BIOTECHNOL SYST DIV,RES & DEV,BILLERICA,MA 01862. RP KATZ, JB (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,DIAGNOST VIROL LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 54 IS 12 BP 2021 EP 2026 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MK138 UT WOS:A1993MK13800010 PM 8116932 ER PT J AU ABDULBAKI, AA HAYNES, KG AF ABDULBAKI, AA HAYNES, KG TI MALE-FERTILITY OF DERIVED TETRAPLOIDS OF SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM FROM GROUPS TUBERSOSUM-X PHUREJA-STENOTOMUM SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POTATO; HYBRIDIZATION; POLLEN VIABILITY; SEED PRODUCTION ID POLLEN GRAINS; POTATO AB Four plants of each of 15 derived tetraploids from a cross of B0749-2F (2n=4x=48) and DM91-5 (2n=2x=24) were planted in the greenhouse at Beltsville, Maryland, in January 1992. The female tetraploid parent is a late blight resistant selection from the Tuberosum germplasm base. The male diploid parent is a high dry matter selection from the Group Phureja-Stenotomum germplasm base. For each derived tetraploid, the percent normal, abnormal, and total pollen germination in vitro were determined on 2-4 flowers per derived tetraploid harvested 3-4 times during a three-week period in April. The percent normal, abnormal, and total pollen germination ranged from 0.6 to 27.5, 0.1 to 7.6, and 1.4 to 36.6, respectively. Pollen tube growth, measured 2 hours from initiation of germination, ranged from 22 to 130 nm. Four general types of abnormalities in the pollen were identified: a) stunted and curly pollen tubes; b) damaged membranes allowing leakage of cytoplasmic contents; c) pollen grains with two or more pollen tubes; and d) split pollen tubes. In hybridizations with Atlantic as the female parent, 11 out of 15 of these derived tetraploids produced viable seeds. All 15 derived tetraploids were female fertile. These results suggest that utilizing derived tetraploids from the Tuberosum and Phureja-Stenotomum germplasm bases in future breeding efforts should not present any great difficulty. However, hybridizations involving these derived tetraploids were more successful when the derived tetraploids were the female parent. RP ABDULBAKI, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 70 IS 12 BP 885 EP 895 DI 10.1007/BF02851473 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MQ161 UT WOS:A1993MQ16100002 ER PT J AU PLAISTED, RL BRODIE, BB SLACK, SA HALSETH, DE SIECZKA, JB AF PLAISTED, RL BRODIE, BB SLACK, SA HALSETH, DE SIECZKA, JB TI GENESEE - A LATE-SEASON GOLDEN NEMATODE RESISTANT VARIETY SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POTATO VARIETY; GOLDEN NEMATODE; CYST NEMATODE AB Genesee is a late season, golden nematode and scab resistant table-stock variety with a bright, white skin. It is also resistant to Verticillium wilt, and early blight. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT FRUIT & VEGETABLE SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP PLAISTED, RL (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT BREEDING & BIOMETRY,252 EMERSON HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 70 IS 12 BP 897 EP 901 DI 10.1007/BF02851474 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MQ161 UT WOS:A1993MQ16100003 ER PT J AU PEKAS, JC AF PEKAS, JC TI MAINTENANCE FEEDING OF 100-KG PIGS - EFFECT ON CARCASS LEAN AND FAT YIELD AND ON GASTROINTESTINAL ORGAN SIZE SO ANIMAL PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE ABDOMINAL-THORACIC ORGANS; CARCASS YIELD; DRESSING PROPORTION; FOOD RESTRICTION; PIGS ID GROWTH AB The study was conducted to test the hypotheses that sustained restriction of food to maintain constant body weight of market-ready pigs, hereafter terminal maintenance (TM), would (1) decrease the size of gastrointestinal and other visceral organs, (2) increase dressing proportion, and (3) increase lean and decrease fat content and improve the lean : fat ratio of carcass. Forty-eight crossbred castrated male pigs (initial body weight, 23.5 kg) were randomly assigned to eight treatment groups (six pigs per group; one pig per pen). Three comparison groups were included. The ad libitum control group (AL) was slaughtered at the target weight, 105 kg. One group was continuously restricted (CR) to 0.8 of the intake by AL and slaughtered at the target weight. The terminally restricted (TR) group was given food ad libitum to 1.1 times the target weight; then food was restricted to effect weight loss to the target weight before slaughter. Five TM groups were given food ad libitum to the target weight; then TM was administered for various periods (7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days) before slaughter. CR either had no effect or caused enlargement of visceral organs compared with AL. TR caused reduction of viscera, especially of abdominal-digestive organs. TM caused reduction of most viscera organs (0.001 < P < 0.05). Regression analyses indicated that most abdominal organs were reduced 50 to 70 g/kg per 10 days of terminal maintenance. TM and TR also increased carcass weight (P < 0.05). Catabolism associated with reduction of viscera organs may provide nitrogenous substrates to support the continued lean accretion observed during terminal maintenance. The reduced viscera and increased carcass weight combined resulted in increased dressing proportion (P = 0.06). Regression analyses (weight v. TM-days) showed that lean mass increased (71 g/day; P < 0.05) and fat mass decreased (-52 g/day; P < 0.01). Weight of bone and belly did not change. Differential lean gain, lean gain minus fat gain, during TM occurred at a rate of about 120 g/day. RP PEKAS, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU DURRANT PERIODICALS PI EAST LOTHIAN PA WINTON LEA PENCAITLAND, EAST LOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH34 5AY SN 0003-3561 J9 ANIM PROD PD DEC PY 1993 VL 57 BP 455 EP 464 PN 3 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA MN289 UT WOS:A1993MN28900014 ER PT J AU TOZZI, DCM RAMSDELL, DC TABOADA, O LEE, IM DAVIS, RE AF TOZZI, DCM RAMSDELL, DC TABOADA, O LEE, IM DAVIS, RE TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES ON THE STUNT DISEASE OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLUEBERRY STUNT DISEASE; VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM L; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; MYCOPLASMA-LIKE ORGANISM; SCAPHYTOPIUS SPP; SHARPNOSED LEAFHOPPER ID MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISM; CLONING; CHERRY; DNA AB Population levels of Scaphytopius spp., possible sharpnosed leafhopper vectors of blueberry stunt disease (BBSD), were monitored during 1989, 1990 and 1991, using yellow sticky traps and a D-Vac power aspirator. Scaphytopius magdalensis (Prov.), S. frontalis (Van D.) and S. acutus (Say) had two population peaks, one after the petal fall stage and a larger second peak in late Summer to early Autumn. Healthy cv. Bluecrop highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plants were placed under stunt-diseased bushes in the field for 2-wk periods during 1989 and 1990. These plants and some of the leafhoppers trapped during 1990 and 1991 were tested for mycoplasma-like organism (MLO) infection with a DNA probe that detected BBSD-associated MLO. The percentage of plants and the number of Scaphytopius spp. that were MLO-positive tended to follow the same bimodal distribution found in the population studies. BBSD transmission tests were performed with Scaphytopius spp. collected from the field. Stunt-related MLO transmission was achieved with S. magdalensis, S. acutus and S. frontalis. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA NATL VEGETABLE RES STATION WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK, ENGLAND CV35 9EF SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 123 IS 3 BP 579 EP 599 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1993.tb04929.x PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA MR953 UT WOS:A1993MR95300010 ER PT J AU BEACH, D AF BEACH, D TI AMERICA RENEWABLE RESOURCES - FREDERICK,KD, SEDJO,RA SO ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP BEACH, D (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0570-1864 J9 ANN REGIONAL SCI JI Ann. Reg. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 373 EP 374 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA ML161 UT WOS:A1993ML16100007 ER PT J AU TULLY, RE KEISTER, DL AF TULLY, RE KEISTER, DL TI CLONING AND MUTAGENESIS OF A CYTOCHROME-P-450 LOCUS FROM BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM THAT IS EXPRESSED ANAEROBICALLY AND SYMBIOTICALLY SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; BACTEROIDS; HEMOPROTEINS; CONSTRUCTION; RESISTANCE; HOMOLOGY AB Cytochromes P-450, which in many organisms participate in the metabolism of a variety of endobiotic and xenobiotic substances, are synthesized by symbiotic bacteroids of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against two cytochromes P-450 (CYP112 and CYP114) purified from bacteroids. A lambda gt11 expression clone of B. japonicum USDA 110 DNA that reacted with the anti-CYP112 antibody was obtained and was used to screen a library of USDA 110 genomic DNA in pLAFR1 for a clone of the P-450 locus. Forced expression of subclones of the P-450 locus in Escherichia coli produced polypeptides that reacted with either the anti-CYP112 antibody or the anti-CYP114 antibody; no cross-reactivity was evident. A Western blot (immunoblot) analysis showed that neither protein was present in free-living aerobically grown B. japonicum cells, but that both proteins were present in cells grown anaerobically, as well as in bacteroids. A mutant strain disrupted in the CYP112 locus produced neither CYP112 nor CYP114, indicating that the mutation was polar for CYP114. The mutant produced effective nodules on soybeans, even though the bacteroids contained no detectable P-450. This suggests that the cytochromes P-450 which we examined are not involved in an essential symbiotic function. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 011,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 59 IS 12 BP 4136 EP 4142 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MK854 UT WOS:A1993MK85400022 PM 16349113 ER PT J AU NAVARRO, RB VARGAS, AAT SCHRODER, EC VANBERKUM, P AF NAVARRO, RB VARGAS, AAT SCHRODER, EC VANBERKUM, P TI UPTAKE HYDROGENASE (HUP) IN COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS) SYMBIOSES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM STRAINS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; JAPONICUM; OXIDATION; BACTEROIDS; EXPRESSION; TRANSPORT; LEGUMES AB Strains of Rhizobium forming nitrogen-fixing symbioses with common bean were systematically examined for the presence of the uptake hydrogenase (hup) structural genes and expression of uptake hydrogenase (Hup) activity. DNA with homology to the hup structural genes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum was present in 100 of 248 strains examined. EcoRI fragments with molecular sizes of approximately 20.0 and 2.2 kb hybridized with an internal SacI fragment, which contains part of both bradyrhizobial hup structural genes. The DNA with homology to the hup genes was located on pSym of one of the bean rhizobia. Hup activity was observed in bean symbioses with 13 of 30 strains containing D A homologous with the hup structural genes. However, the Hup activity was not sufficient to eliminate hydrogen evolution from the nodules. Varying the host plant with two of the Hup+ strains indicated that expression of Hup activity was host regulated, as has been reported with soybean, pea, and cowpea strains. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,CTR ENERGIA NUCL AGR,CAMPUS PIRACICABA,BR-13400 PIRACICABA,SP,BRAZIL. UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,BIOL NITROGEN FIXAT LAB,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 59 IS 12 BP 4161 EP 4165 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MK854 UT WOS:A1993MK85400025 PM 16349115 ER PT J AU LOPER, JE ISHIMARU, CA CARNEGIE, SR VANAVICHIT, A AF LOPER, JE ISHIMARU, CA CARNEGIE, SR VANAVICHIT, A TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AEROBACTIN BIOSYNTHESIS GENES OF THE BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYTHIUM DAMPING-OFF; IRON UPTAKE SYSTEM; FLUORESCENT SIDEROPHORE PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; PLASMID COLV-K30; INVASIVE STRAINS; SEED ROT; ULTIMUM AB Five strains of Enterobacter cloacae that are biological control agents of Pythium damping-off diseases produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin under iron-limiting conditions. Genes determining aerobactin biosynthesis of the biocontrol strain E. cloacae EcCT-501 were localized to a 12.3-kb region, which conferred aerobactin production to Escherichia coli DH5alpha The aerobactin biosynthesis genes of E. cloacae hybridized to those of the pColV-K30 plasmid of E. coli, but restriction patterns of the aerobactin regions of pColV-K30 and E. cloacae differed. A derivative strain with a deletion in the aerobactin biosynthesis locus was as effective as strain EcCT-501 in biological control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber. Thus, aerobactin production did not contribute significantly to the biological control activity of EcCT-501 under the conditions of this study. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP LOPER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 61 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 59 IS 12 BP 4189 EP 4197 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MK854 UT WOS:A1993MK85400029 PM 16349118 ER PT J AU FRATAMICO, PM BUCHANAN, RL COOKE, PH AF FRATAMICO, PM BUCHANAN, RL COOKE, PH TI VIRULENCE OF AN ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 SORBITOL-POSITIVE MUTANT SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHIGA-LIKE TOXINS; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; PLASMIDS; OUTBREAK; DIARRHEA; SEROTYPE; 0157-H7; STRAINS AB Virulence and pathogenicity of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 sorbitol-positive mutant were investigated with an infant rabbit animal model as well as a battery of in vitro assays. Total cell lysate protein profiles, outer membrane protein profiles, plasmid profiles, and levels of cytotoxic activity against Vero cells were similar in the wild-type and mutant strains. Both adhered to intestinal epithelial cells in culture and reacted with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antiserum against E. coli O157:H7. The mutant appeared to be similar to the wild type in all respects except in its ability to ferment sorbitol. [C-14]sorbitol uptake and sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were notably increased in the mutant strain. Diarrhea developed in rabbits administered the wild-type strain and in those fed the sorbitol-positive mutant. There was greater bacterial attachment and mucosal damage in the cecum and large intestine than in the small intestine. Scanning electron microscopy revealed bacteria adhering as single cells and as aggregates closely associated with mucus. Mucosal lesions consisted of areas of tissue necrosis with sloughing of epithelial cells. By transmission electron microscopy, electron-dense necrotic epithelial cells were visible in areas where bacteria were present, and epithelial cell debris containing bacteria was observed between the villar luminal surfaces. Light microscopy of epithelial cells of intestinal sections of infected rabbits revealed noticeable vacuolation and spherical, pyknotic nuclei. These data indicate that the sorbitol-negative phenotype is not associated with the pathogenicity of E. coli O157:H7. RP FRATAMICO, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 59 IS 12 BP 4245 EP 4252 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MK854 UT WOS:A1993MK85400037 PM 8285715 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE SETHURAMAN, A MORRISON, WH MARTIN, SA ERIKSSON, KEL AF AKIN, DE SETHURAMAN, A MORRISON, WH MARTIN, SA ERIKSSON, KEL TI MICROBIAL DELIGNIFICATION WITH WHITE-ROT FUNGI IMPROVES FORAGE DIGESTIBILITY SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; CELL-TYPES; ABSORPTION MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; LIGNIN DEGRADATION; BERMUDAGRASS; STRAW; STEMS; WALLS AB Three wild-type white rot fungi and two cellulase-less mutants developed from Phanerochaete chrysosporium K-3 (formerly Sporotrichum pulverulentum) were tested for their ability to delignify grass cell walls and improve biodegradation by rumen microorganisms. Fungal-treated and control stems of Bermuda grass were analyzed for their content of ester- and ether-linked aromatics by using alkali extraction and gas chromatography, for in vitro dry weight digestion and production of volatile fatty acids in in vitro fermentations with mixed ruminal microorganisms, for loss of lignin and other aromatics from specific cell wall types by using microspectrophotometry, and for structural changes before and after in vitro degradation by rumen microorganisms by using transmission electron microscopy. P. chrysosporium K-3 and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora FP 90031-sp produced the greatest losses in lignin and improved the biodegradation of Bermuda grass over that of untreated control substrate. However, C. subvermispora removed the most lignin and significantly improved biodegradation over all other treatments. Phellinus pini RAB-83-19 and cellulase-less mutants 3113 and 85118 developed from P. chrysosporium K-3 did not improve the biodegradation of Bermuda grass lignocellulose. Results indicated that C. subvermispora extensively removed ester-linked p-coumaric and ferulic acids and also removed the greatest amount of non-ester-linked aromatics from plant cell walls. Microscopic observations further indicated that C. subvermispora removed esters from parenchyma cell walls as well as esters and lignin from the more recalcitrant cell walls (i.e., sclerenchyma and vascular tissues). C. subvermispora improved in vitro digestion and volatile fatty acid production by ruminal microorganisms by about 80%, while dry matter loss due to fungi was about 20% greater than loss in untreated control stems. The chemical and structural studies used identified sites of specific fungal attack and suggested mechanisms whereby improvement occurred. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEM, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RP AKIN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 43 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 59 IS 12 BP 4274 EP 4282 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MK854 UT WOS:A1993MK85400041 PM 16349123 ER PT J AU RUMJANEK, NG DOBERT, RC VANBERKUM, P TRIPLETT, EW AF RUMJANEK, NG DOBERT, RC VANBERKUM, P TRIPLETT, EW TI COMMON SOYBEAN INOCULANT STRAINS IN BRAZIL ARE MEMBERS OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM-ELKANII SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; RHIZOBITOXINE PRODUCTION; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; HYDROGENASE; NODULATION; PHENOTYPE AB The Brazilian inoculant strains 29W and 587 were found to be members of Bradyrhizobium elkanii primarily on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences identical to that of B. elkanii USDA76 and on the basis of reactivity with antibodies against serogroups 76 and 31, respectively. The agronomic consequences of using strains of B. elkanii as soybean inoculants are discussed. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR STUDY NITROGEN FIXAT,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 59 IS 12 BP 4371 EP 4373 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MK854 UT WOS:A1993MK85400060 PM 8285723 ER PT J AU GANSKOPP, D ANGELL, R ROSE, J AF GANSKOPP, D ANGELL, R ROSE, J TI EFFECT OF LOW-DENSITIES OF SENESCENT STEMS IN CRESTED WHEATGRASS ON PLANT-SELECTION AND UTILIZATION BY BEEF-CATTLE SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; FEEDING; NUTRITION; GRAZING; BITE RATE ID DEER AB Residual stems or cured straw in caespitose grasses are frequently a detriment to utilization of herbage by both wild and domestic herbivores. Cattle alter their grazing methods and remove less forage from plants contaminated with old-growth material. The objective of this research was to establish the degree and persistence of cattle responses to low densities of cured seed stalks in tussocks of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisher ex Link) Schultes), as pasture resources were progressively depleted. This was researched by augmenting individual plants with densities of 0, 1, 2 or 3 cured seed stalks dm-2 basal area, and measuring the frequency and degree of utilization by cattle throughout a 6-day grazing trial. Cattle were less likely to graze and removed less material from plants as the density of cured stems increased. Frequency means indicated cattle responded to treatments differing by two or more stems. Utilization data suggested cattle were aware of just one cured stem in a tussock. Plants augmented with one, two and three cured stems were, respectively, 8%, 20% and 32% less likely to be grazed than control tussocks with no stems, and these same treatments had, respectively, 35%, 39% and 60% less material removed by cattle than controls. Livestock owners or land managers are encouraged to keep pastures free of cured straw or litter to facilitate more uniform and efficient use of forage by livestock or wildlife. C1 EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,BURNS,OR 97720. RP GANSKOPP, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,HC714 51 HWY 205,BURNS,OR 97720, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(93)90021-G PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA MT281 UT WOS:A1993MT28100004 ER PT J AU FITZGERALD, JA PERKINS, A HEMENWAY, K AF FITZGERALD, JA PERKINS, A HEMENWAY, K TI RELATIONSHIP OF SEX AND NUMBER OF SIBLINGS IN-UTERO WITH SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR OF MATURE RAMS SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RAM; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; DEVELOPMENT ID FINNISH LANDRACE; OVIS-ARIES; SHEEP; PERFORMANCE AB This study determined if there was an association of the sex and number of siblings during gestation with the sexual performance of rams after sexual maturation. At approximately 18 months of age, the rams (N = 683) were classified on the basis of serving capacity tests into high serving capacity (HSC) and low serving capacity (LSC) groups. Lambing records of dams were evaluated for the number and sex of siblings at birth. Results showed that classification by serving capacity was related to the number (P < 0.06) and sex (P < 0.05) of siblings in utero. The percentage of HSC males increased with prolificacy of dams and was greatest for the Polypay breed. Rams born co-twin with a male (N = 183) were more likely (P < 0.05) to be classified as HSC, when compared with rams born co-twin with a female (N = 198). No additional effects (P = 0.90) on sexual performance were found when type of rearing before weaning (single vs twin) was evaluated. We conclude that intrauterine environment relative to sex and number of offspring born is associated with measured differences in the serving capacity of mature rams. RP FITZGERALD, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 3-4 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(93)90026-L PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA MT281 UT WOS:A1993MT28100009 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, RW KLEIN, RR SALVUCCI, ME HUBER, SC AF MCMICHAEL, RW KLEIN, RR SALVUCCI, ME HUBER, SC TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAJOR REGULATORY PHOSPHORYLATION SITE IN SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; SPINACH; LEAVES; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE; ACTIVATION; KINASE C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. UNIV KENTUCKY, USDA ARS, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. UNIV KENTUCKY, DEPT AGRON, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 EI 1096-0384 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 307 IS 2 BP 248 EP 252 DI 10.1006/abbi.1993.1586 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA MM266 UT WOS:A1993MM26600004 PM 8274010 ER PT J AU BUSH, DR AF BUSH, DR TI INHIBITORS OF THE PROTON-SUCROSE SYMPORT SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER; INSIDE-OUT; H+-ATPASE; FORSKOLIN C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP BUSH, DR (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,196 PABL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 307 IS 2 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1006/abbi.1993.1600 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA MM266 UT WOS:A1993MM26600018 PM 8274022 ER PT J AU GENEST, J BARD, JM FRUCHART, JC ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ AF GENEST, J BARD, JM FRUCHART, JC ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ TI FAMILIAL HYPOALPHALIPOPROTEINEMIA IN PREMATURE CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE HDL CHOLESTEROL; LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES; COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; LIPOPROTEINS; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; GENETICS ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; COMBINED HYPERLIPEMIA; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; C-III; HYPERAPOBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA AB Hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HA) is a common finding in patients with premature coronary artery disease. To characterize the common familial forms of HA, we studied 102 families of probands with premature coronary artery disease; 40 probands (39.2%) had HA. Of these, 25 had at least one first-degree relative affected with HA; 11 had familial hypertriglyceridemia with HA (FTgHA); 10 had familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH); and 4 had familial HA (FHA) with no other lipoprotein abnormalities. In the remaining 15 families, no lipoprotein abnormalities were observed in first-degree relatives. We measured apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, B, C-III, and E levels as well as lipoprotein particle (Lp) levels of LpA-I (containing apoA-I only), LpA-I:A-II (containing both apoA-I and A-II), LpB:E, and LpB:C-III. Compared with a reference group of healthy men (n=103) and women (n=106), probands with familial forms of HA had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by selection criteria. Triglyceride levels were higher in FTgHA and FCH probands than in the reference group or FHA subjects. Despite selection of FTgHA and FCH by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the latter was not significantly different between the three groups and the reference group. ApoA-I levels were decreased in FCH, FHA, and FTgHA probands, and LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II were lower in FHA and FTgHA probands. ApoB levels were significantly higher in all familial HA groups compared with the reference group, being highest in FCH individuals, but not significantly higher between FCH, FTgHA, or FHA probands. LpB:E levels were higher in the FCH and FTgHA groups than in the reference group. There were no significant differences between groups for apoE, apoC-III, and LpB:C-III. LDL particle size was smaller in all three forms of FHA, which, in combination with higher apoB levels, reflects an increased number of smaller, denser LDL particles. Affected children had, on average, higher apoB and LpB:E levels than nonaffected siblings. Our data suggest that common forms of FHA in subjects with coronary artery disease represent a spectrum of overlapping disorders characterized by an increase in apoB-containing lipoproteins, especially LpB:E particles, and smaller, denser LDL particles. When using appropriate age- and gender-adjusted cutpoints, approximately half the offspring (in young adulthood) appeared to be affected. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, LIPID METAB LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. INST PASTEUR, INSERM, U235, LILLE, FRANCE. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-35243, HV 83-03] NR 40 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 USA SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1728 EP 1737 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MK852 UT WOS:A1993MK85200002 PM 8241092 ER PT J AU CONKLIN, MH SOMMERFELD, RA LAIRD, SK VILLINSKI, JE AF CONKLIN, MH SOMMERFELD, RA LAIRD, SK VILLINSKI, JE TI SULFUR-DIOXIDE REACTIONS ON ICE SURFACES - IMPLICATIONS FOR DRY DEPOSITION TO SNOW SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE SULFUR DIOXIDE; DRY DEPOSITION; ICE; SNOW; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; ICE-AIR INTERFACE; PRE-MELT LAYER; LABORATORY STUDY ID GASEOUS DEPOSITION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; WATER PHASE; SO2; CHEMISTRY; MODEL AB Controlled exposure of ice to a reactive gas, SO2, demonstrated the importance of the chemical composition of the ice surface on the accumulation of acidity in snow. In a series of bench-scale continuous-flow column experiments run at four temperatures (-1, -8, -30 and -60 degrees C), SO2 was shown to dissolve and to react with other species in the ice-air interfacial region at temperatures approaching the melting point of ice. Experiments consisted of passing air containing SO2 through glass columns packed with 100 mu m ice spheres of varying bulk composition (0-5 mu M H2O2, and 0-1 mM NaCl), and analysing SO2 in the air and SO42- in the ice. At all temperatures (-60 to -1 degrees C), increased retention volumes were found for increasing ionic strength and oxidant concentration. At the coldest temperatures and with no NaCl, increased retention volumes for -60 vs -30 degrees C are consistent with SO2 uptake by physical adsorption. At warmer temperatures, -8 and -1 degrees C, the observed tailing in the sorption curves indicated that other processes besides physical adsorption were occurring. The desorption curves showed a rapid decrease for the warmer temperatures, indicating the sorbed SO2 is irreversibly oxidized to SO42-. Results indicate that aqueous-phase reactions can occur below -8 degrees C (i.e. -30 and -60 degrees C). Results for different salt concentrations show that increasing ionic strength facilitates SO2 oxidation at colder temperatures, which is consistent with freezing point depression. One environmental implication is that snowpacks in areas with background SO2, can accumulate acidity during the winter months. As acidity accumulates, the solubility of SO2 will decrease causing a concomitant decrease in the air-to-surface flux of SO2. Modeling dry deposition of gases to snow surfaces should incorporate the changing composition of the ice surface. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP CONKLIN, MH (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 17-18 BP 2927 EP 2934 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90325-S PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MP871 UT WOS:A1993MP87100024 ER PT J AU GRASELA, JJ STEINER, WWM AF GRASELA, JJ STEINER, WWM TI POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE AMONG POPULATIONS OF 3 PREDACEOUS NABID SPECIES - NABIS-ALTERNATUS PARSHLEY, NABIS-ROSEIPENNIS REUTER AND NABIS-AMERICOFEROUS CARAYON (HEMIPTERA, NABIDAE) SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NABIS-ALTERNATUS; NABIS-ROSEIPENNIS; N-AMERICOFEROUS; ALLOZYMES; POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE ID HETEROZYGOTE DEFICIENCIES; DIFFERENTIATION AB An electrophoretic survey of 28 presumptive loci distributed among 15 enzyme systems was conducted to determine the genetic structure among local populations of three predaceous nabid species: Nabis alternatus, N. roseipennis and N. americoferous in human-disturbed habitat. For all three species, F(IS) values indicated a deficiency of heterozygotes at most loci in most populations. The amount of genetic differentiation based on the standardized variance, F(ST) when combined across all populations was 0.100 for N. alternatus, 0.189 for N. roseipennis, and 0.335 for N. americoferous. When local populations were grouped according to a set of defined geographical limits, based on the naturally occurring spatial arrangement of the sampled localities, some unexpected patterns of genetic variation were revealed. The degree of genetic differentiation detected among local populations of nabids is discussed in light of the frequent disruptions and ecological changes in their ephemeral habitats. C1 USDA ARS,BCIRL,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. RP GRASELA, JJ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,POB 7629,RES PK,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 21 IS 8 BP 813 EP 823 DI 10.1016/0305-1978(93)90094-8 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA MP359 UT WOS:A1993MP35900008 ER PT J AU FUESTER, RW TAYLOR, PB AF FUESTER, RW TAYLOR, PB TI DEVELOPMENTAL TIME, OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR, AND INCIDENTAL MORTALITY BY COCCYGOMIMUS DISPARIS (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; COCCYGOMIMUS-DISPARIS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GYPSY MOTH; PARASITISM; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID SUITABILITY; AGE RP FUESTER, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,501 S CHAPEL ST,NEWARK,DE 19713, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS 4 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1006/bcon.1993.1037 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA MP071 UT WOS:A1993MP07100004 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR HAMM, JJ AF WISEMAN, BR HAMM, JJ TI NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS AND RESISTANT CORN SILKS ENHANCE MORTALITY OF CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; ZEA-MAYS; ELCAR; PLANT RESISTANCE; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; 3 TROPHIC LEVELS; PLANT-RESISTANCE; BRASSICAE; ZEA RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1993 VL 3 IS 4 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1006/bcon.1993.1044 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA MP071 UT WOS:A1993MP07100011 ER PT J AU PARRADIAZ, D BROWER, DP MEDINA, MB PIAZZA, GJ AF PARRADIAZ, D BROWER, DP MEDINA, MB PIAZZA, GJ TI A METHOD FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF LIPOXYGENASE SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STEREOCHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; ACID AB A commercial preparation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12), an enzyme that catalyses the formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides, was covalently immobilized on a commercially available carbonyldi-imidazole activated support. The degree of protein loading on to the support and the subsequent activity of immobilized lipoxygenase were found to be independent of the pH at which coupling was performed. Dialysis of lipoxygenase prior to immobilization did not enhance the coupling yield. As protein bound to the support increased, the specific activity of lipoxygenase decreased. The reusability of immobilized lipoxygenase was tested in tin aqueous buffer and in an octane/aqueous buffer medium using linoleic acid as the substrate. In aqueous buffer the immobilized preparation retained its activity even after seven cycles, whereas in the octane/buffer medium the activity of the immobilized preparation decreased to 60% of its original activity after seven,cycles. The optimal temperature for hydroperoxide formation was 15 degrees C, with hydroperoxide yields decreasing at higher temperatures. Storage of immobilized lipoxygenase at 5 degrees C resulted in a loss from the support of approx. 5% of the protein in 25 days, but none thereafter. Lipoxygenase activity was stable at 5 degrees C, decreasing by only 5% in 6 months. The stability of immobilized lipoxygenase at 15 degrees C in aqueous buffer was approx. 10-fold greater than that of unbound lipoxygenase. The results show that immobilized lipoxygenase can be used in aqueous media as well as those containing organic solvent. C1 US ARS,EASTERN REG RES CGTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 BP 359 EP 367 PN 3 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA MP375 UT WOS:A1993MP37500012 ER PT J AU CARLSON, DA MILSTREY, SK NARANG, SK AF CARLSON, DA MILSTREY, SK NARANG, SK TI CLASSIFICATION OF TSETSE-FLIES GLOSSINA SPP (DIPTERA, GLOSSINIDAE) BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CUTICULAR COMPONENTS SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MORSITANS-MORSITANS; SEX-PHEROMONE; IDENTIFICATION; FLY; HYDROCARBONS; PALLIDIPES; GENETICS; BEHAVIOR; FIELD AB Gas liquid chromatography (GC) was used to analyse the cuticular alkanes of 26 species and subspecies of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.). Unique interspecific and intraspecific (males vs. females) chromatographic patterns were observed. Solvent extraction of dried museum specimens and fresh specimens were equally successful, and left specimens undamaged. GC peaks were used as characters with one of five character states per peak, to show phenetic relationships among species by sex using a UPGMA algorithm, using 23 peaks for males and 40 peaks for females. Comparisons among species of the morsitans group often agreed with recognized morsitans group classification using morphological techniques, with G. austeni Newstead being somewhat aberrant. Glossina tachinoides Westwood was less closely related to others in the palpalis group than previously described using morphology. Eleven members of the rarely studied fusca group were also classified by this methodology. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND. RP CARLSON, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 507 EP 515 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MW327 UT WOS:A1993MW32700003 ER PT J AU MACCRACKEN, JG VANBALLENBERGHE, V PEEK, JM AF MACCRACKEN, JG VANBALLENBERGHE, V PEEK, JM TI USE OF AQUATIC PLANTS BY MOOSE - SODIUM HUNGER OR FORAGING EFFICIENCY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; DEFENDING PLANTS; MINERAL LICKS; TAILED DEER; DRY-MATTER; POPULATION; RUMINANTS; AVAILABILITY; ADAPTATIONS; ECOSYSTEM AB Use of submergent aquatic plants by North American moose (Alces alces) has been linked to sodium hunger. Habitat preferences, seasonal diets, forage abundance and quality, and population surveys indicated that emergent plants in small shallow ponds were important to moose on the Copper River Delta, Alaska. However, sodium was abundant in terrestrial browse. We propose that foraging in aquatic habitats, particularly on emergent species, may be highly efficient based on the following habitat attributes and behavioral observations: (i) ponds dominated by either emergent or submergent species produced about 4 times more forage than terrestrial habitats, (ii) emergent and submergent plants were more digestible and had higher concentrations of minerals than browse, (iii) use of aquatic habitats followed trends in forage production over the growing season, (iv) indirect evidence suggested that forage intake rates were greater in aquatic habitats, and (v) use of aquatic habitats by male and female moose was in proportion to the sex structure of the population. These data provide consistent circumstantial evidence that use of emergent species, and possibly submergents, may maximize the intake of nutrients and also reduce conflicts between cropping forage and vigilance during a foraging bout. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83844. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,INST NO FORESTRY,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 71 IS 12 BP 2345 EP 2351 DI 10.1139/z93-329 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MZ038 UT WOS:A1993MZ03800002 ER PT J AU MAYER, MS MCLAUGHLIN, JR AF MAYER, MS MCLAUGHLIN, JR TI DISCRIMINATION OF MIXTURES OF FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS BY MALE TRICHOPLUSIA NI (HUBNER) SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR NEURONS; NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; MULTICOMPONENT PHEROMONES; PSEUDOPLUSIA-INCLUDENS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; SOCIAL INSECTS; APIS-MELLIFERA; NOCTUID MOTHS; BLEND; SPECIFICITY AB Pheromone mixture discrimination by male cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), was assessed in a wind tunnel by response differences to paired stimuli. They discriminate differences between mixtures that contain three and all six of the pheromone components that are emitted by virgin females. The ability to discriminate between these two mixtures is perplexing because only three antennal pheromone specialist neurons respond at natural stimulus intensities. The cabbage looper also discriminated between mixtures whose component ratios differed slightly from that of the female. There was some interaction between the stimulus intensity, the distance between the stimulus sources, and possibly the extent of the perceptual difference. The mixtures of pheromone components failed to enhance the amount of upwind flight response over that of 27 - 12:Ac alone. Other evidence argues that the instantaneous release of pheromone may exceed time-averaged measures. RP USDA ARS, INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X EI 1464-3553 J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 6 BP 735 EP 749 DI 10.1093/chemse/18.6.735 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA MR100 UT WOS:A1993MR10000007 ER PT J AU OSMAN, SF GERARD, HC MOREAU, RA FETT, WF AF OSMAN, SF GERARD, HC MOREAU, RA FETT, WF TI MODEL SUBSTRATES FOR CUTINASES SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE CUTIN; ESTERASES; HYDROXYHEXADECANOATE; POLYESTER; CYCLODEXTRIN ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PLANT POLYESTER AB As a part of our study of microbial cutinases, a mixture of oligomers of 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid has been prepared by partial polymerization to serve as defined substrates. The mixture has been characterized by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the oligomers using fungal lipase, fungal cutinase or bacterial lipase required the addition of beta-cyclodextrin to the reaction medium, whereas apple and other naturally occurring cutins can be enzymatically hydrolyzed without the aid of this cyclic oligosaccharide. The difference in reactivity may be due to the greater hydrophobicity of the synthetic oligomers compared with natural cutin polymers. RP OSMAN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD DEC PY 1993 VL 66 IS 3 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0009-3084(93)90008-Q PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA MQ406 UT WOS:A1993MQ40600008 ER PT J AU CIVEIRA, F POCOVI, M CENARRO, A GARCES, C ORDOVAS, JM AF CIVEIRA, F POCOVI, M CENARRO, A GARCES, C ORDOVAS, JM TI ADENINE FOR GUANINE SUBSTITUTION - 78 BASE-PAIRS 5' TO THE APOLIPOPROTEIN (APO) A-I GENE - RELATION WITH HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND APO A-I CONCENTRATIONS SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I GENE MUTATIONS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I GENE POLYMORPHISM; HYPERALPHALIPOPROTEINEMIA; HYPOALPHALIPOPROTEINEMIA ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PROMOTER REGION; CONTROL EXPRESSION; C-III; POLYMORPHISM; TRANSCRIPTION; ASSOCIATION; DEFICIENCY; ELEMENTS AB A common mutation, adenine (A) for guanidine (G) substitution (G/A) has been located - 78 bp 5' to the apo A-I gene. This region has been shown to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of the apo A-I gene. Previous studies have shown that this mutation is associated with altered high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, although these findings have not been consistent. We have studied the frequency of this mutation in 125 subjects (60 males and 65 females) selected because they had HDL-C levels below the 25th (low HDL) or above the 75th (high HDL) percentile of the population distribution. The presence of the mutation was detected by Msp I digestion of a 259 bp fragment of PCR amplified DNA. The allele frequency was similar in both groups (0.20 for the lowest HDL group and 0. 28 for the highest HDL group, p > 0.05), although a non-significant trend was observed in a higher frequency of the A/A genotype in the highest HDL females (17.5%) vs only 6.7% in the lowest HDL female group. In conclusion, in this population the G/A mutation was not significantly associated with HDL-C or apo A-I plasma levels. C1 UNIV ZARAGOZA,DEPT BIOQUIM & BIOL MOLEC & CELULA,ZARAGOZA,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,HNRC,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 44 IS 6 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA MT160 UT WOS:A1993MT16000006 PM 8131302 ER PT J AU PAKALUK, J SLIPINSKI, SA AF PAKALUK, J SLIPINSKI, SA TI A NEW GENUS AND 2 NEW SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL RHIZOPHAGIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM TRIGONA (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) NESTS, WITH A REVIEW OF RHIZOPHAGID BIOLOGY SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB A new genus of neotropical Rhizophagidae, Crowsonius, contains two new species, Crowsonius meliponae and C. similis, known from Costa Rica and Brazil respectively. Both species have been collected from Trigona nests. These beetles are wingless with extremely reduced eyes suggesting they are true melittophiles rather than accidental associates. The genus and its species are described and useful taxonomic structures are illustrated. A review of the biology of Rhizophagidae is included. C1 POLISH ACAD SCI,INST ZOOL,PL-00679 WARSAW,POLAND. RP PAKALUK, J (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Slipinski, Stanislaw Adam/B-4293-2009 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MK904 UT WOS:A1993MK90400004 ER PT J AU THOMAS, DB AF THOMAS, DB TI SCARABAEIDAE (COLEOPTERA) OF THE CHIAPANECAN FORESTS - A FAUNAL SURVEY AND CHOROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Review AB The scarab beetle faunas of the five major forest-types in the Mexican state of Chiapas were surveyed and analyzed choregraphically. Tropical deciduous forest had slightly more species than montane rain forest or lowland rain forest. The cloud forest had far fewer species represented than the other forest types. However, the cloud forest had the highest proportion (30%) of regional endemics. Endemism followed a decreasing gradient from high to low elevation. In terms of distributional affinities, the majority of species were either widespread (from Central Mexico to Costa Rica) or were Mexican (Chiapas to Central Mexico). Only about seven percent of the fauna was of southern affinity (Chiapas south to Costa Rica). This latter group was mainly found in low elevational forests. The subfamilies Dynastinae and Scarabaeinae had the largest proportion of species with southern affinity, and a low proportion of endemics. The Cetoniinae were overwhelmingly Mexican in distributional affinity. The Trichiinae and Melolonthinae had the greatest proportion of endemics and the lowest proportion of widespread species. In general the phytophagous subfamilies tended to have a strong Mexican influence, a low ecological amplitude, and reached their greatest diversity in the seasonally dry tropical deciduous forest. Overall, the pattern suggested a mixed origin for the Chiapas scarab fauna with important parallels in the evolutionary history of the flora; i.e., an ancient northern element at high elevations, and a recent southern influence at the lower elevations. RP THOMAS, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 363 EP 408 PG 46 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MK904 UT WOS:A1993MK90400007 ER PT J AU ROSEBROUGH, RW AF ROSEBROUGH, RW TI IN-VITRO SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION FOR LIPID-SYNTHESIS IN LIVER EXPLANTS FROM HYPERTHYROID CHICKENS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROILER BREEDER HENS; ENERGY-METABOLISM; DIETARY ENERGY; PROTEIN-LEVELS; LIPOGENESIS; GROWTH; RESPIRATION; RATIO; PIGS; FAT AB 1. Indian River male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 days of age were fed diets containing 12, 18, 24 and 30% protein + 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T-3)/kg of diet to study energetic costs of lipogenesis and the use of various substrates for in vitro lipogenesis. 2. De novo lipid and CO2 production were determined in the presence of [1-C-14]pyruvate, [2(14)C]pyruvate, [3-C-14]pyruvate, [2-C-14]acetate and [U-C-14]alanine. 3. Oxygen consumption was determined in mitochondrial preparations to estimate the energetic costs in explants synthesizing lipid. 4. Radiolabeled CO2 derived from [1-C-14]pyruvate was used as an estimate of coenzyme A availability in liver explants. Lipids derived from [2-C-14]pyruvate, [2-C-14]acetate and [U-C-14]alanine estimate relative substrate efficiency. 5. Labeled CO2 production from [1-C-14]pyruvate was greatest in that group fed a 12% protein diet and least in the group fed a 30% protein diet. 6. In addition, T-3 increased CO2 production from [1-C-14]pyruvate. 7. The production of (CO2)-C-14, from the second carbon of pyruvate or acetate was increased by T-3. 8. The low-protein diet (12% protein) increased (P < 0.05) lipogenesis. 9. Adding T-3 to the diets decreased carbon flux into lipid from ail substrates, but increased CO2 production from all substrates without changing stage 3 and 4 respiration rates in mitochondrial preparations. 10. These observations imply that coenzyme A availability may have regulated de novo lipogenesis in the present study. 11. It was also concluded that previously noted effects of T-3 on intermediary metabolism may involve metabolic pathways that do not involve changes in mitochondrial function. RP ROSEBROUGH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 106 IS 4 BP 823 EP 830 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(93)90403-Q PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA MM517 UT WOS:A1993MM51700038 PM 7906642 ER PT J AU CROLL, DH AUSMAN, LM NICOLOSI, RJ AF CROLL, DH AUSMAN, LM NICOLOSI, RJ TI CHOLESTEROL-METABOLISM IN NEW-WORLD PRIMATES - COMPARATIVE-STUDIES IN 2 TAMARIN SPECIES (SAGUINUS-OEDIPUS AND SAGUINUS-FUSCICOLLIS) AND THE SQUIRREL-MONKEY (SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; COMMON MARMOSET; RHESUS-MONKEYS; ABSORPTION; APOLIPOPROTEINS; COLITIS; BABOONS; FIBER AB 1. Cholesterol metabolism has been characterized in three species of New World primates, the cotton-top tamarin, the saddle-back tamarin, and the squirrel monkey. 2. When fed a diet containing cholesterol, the three species exhibited differing responses of plasma cholesterol levels. 3. Dietary cholesterol absorption was determined and plasma cholesterol die-away kinetics were analyzed in terms of a two-pool model. 4. The results of the analyses of cholesterol turnover are consistent with the observed species-specific differences in plasma cholesterol values and cholesterol absorption. 5. Cholesterol metabolism differs between the two tamarin species, as well as between the tamarins and the squirrel monkey. 6. Implications of species-specific differences between tamarin species are discussed in terms of the use of tamarin species as animal models for comparative studies of cholesterol metabolism and the etiology of cancer and cardiovascular disease. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,NEW ENGLAND REG PRIMATE,SOUTHBOROUGH,MA 01772. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR AGING RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,LOWELL,MA 01854. RP CROLL, DH (reprint author), REGIS COLL,235 WELLESLEY ST,WESTON,MA 02193, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-42352]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00168]; NIADDK NIH HHS [AM-26429] NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 106 IS 4 BP 845 EP 853 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90040-C PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA ML283 UT WOS:A1993ML28300010 PM 8299347 ER PT J AU VALAITIS, AP AF VALAITIS, AP TI ISOLATION AND KINETIC-PROPERTIES OF THE LARVAL BRAIN PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE FROM THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUSCLE PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE; REGULATORY PROPERTIES; FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE; FLIGHT-MUSCLE; RABBIT BRAIN; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACTIVATION; ENZYME; 6-PHOSPHOFRUCTO-1-KINASE; COCKROACH AB 1. Phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK) was isolated from gypsy moth larval brain by affinity chromatography using ATP Sepharose. 2. Gypsy moth brain PFK is a tetrameric enzyme composed of a single type of subunit. 3. The insect brain PFK is inactive in the absence of allosteric activators fructose 2,6-bisphosphate or AMP. Citrate antagonized the activation of PFK by cyclic-AMP but was a relatively poor inhibitor of the moth PFK. 4. The Michaelis constants for ATP (71 muM) and fructose-6-phosphate (55 muM) were determined at pH 8.0 in the presence of fructose 2,6,-bisphosphate. 5. The enzyme displayed co-operativity with respect to substrate and adenine nucleotides. RP VALAITIS, AP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 106 IS 4 BP 961 EP 967 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90058-D PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA ML283 UT WOS:A1993ML28300028 ER PT J AU BROOKS, JE HAQUE, ME PANDIT, RK AHMAD, S AF BROOKS, JE HAQUE, ME PANDIT, RK AHMAD, S TI STATUS OF THE GOLDEN JACKAL AS AN AGRICULTURAL PEST IN BANGLADESH SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 BANGLADESH AGR RES INST,VERTEBRATE PEST SECT,JOYDEBPUR,BANGLADESH. RP BROOKS, JE (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,ADC,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 8 BP 563 EP 654 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(93)90118-3 PG 92 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MH914 UT WOS:A1993MH91400001 ER PT J AU NOLTE, DL FARLEY, JP CAMPBELL, DL EPPLE, GM MASON, JR AF NOLTE, DL FARLEY, JP CAMPBELL, DL EPPLE, GM MASON, JR TI POTENTIAL REPELLENTS TO PREVENT MOUNTAIN BEAVER DAMAGE SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE APLODONTIA-RUFA; DENATONIUM BENZOATE; O-AMINOACETOPHENONE; PREDATOR ODORS; REPELLENTS ID TREES AB Mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) damage to trees in the Pacific Northwest is economically serious. At present, few strategies are available to control damage, and new chemical repellents are being sought. Samples of two preferred plants, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and salal (Galtheria shallon), were treated with mink urine, coyote urine, o-aminoacetophenone, or denatonium benzoate and presented to mountain beavers. All treatments reduced clipping (p < 0.05) of salal, but mink and coyote urines were most effective. Mink and coyote urines were the only treatments to significantly reduce clipping (p < 0.05) of Douglas fir. C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP NOLTE, DL (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,OLYMPIA FIELD STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98502, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 8 BP 624 EP 626 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(93)90127-5 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MH914 UT WOS:A1993MH91400010 ER PT J AU MURA, CV ROH, SY SMITH, D PALMER, V PADHYE, N TAYLOR, A AF MURA, CV ROH, SY SMITH, D PALMER, V PADHYE, N TAYLOR, A TI CATARACT INCIDENCE AND ANALYSIS OF LENS CRYSTALLINS IN THE WATER-SOLUBLE, UREA-SOLUBLE AND SDS-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF EMORY MICE FED A DIET RESTRICTED BY 40-PERCENT IN CALORIES SO CURRENT EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN; HEREDITARY CATARACT; BETA-CRYSTALLIN; RAT LENS; PROTEIN; MOUSE; POLYPEPTIDES; AGGREGATION; BOVINE; ORIGIN AB Restriction of dietary calorie intake is associated with life extension and with the delay of age-related disorders. Preliminary studies demonstrated that by feeding the Emery mouse a diet restricted by 21% in calories cataract and insolubilization of protein could also be delayed. To observe the effects of calorie restriction over prolonged portions of adulthood, Emory mice were fed the control diet (C) or a diet restricted by 40% in calories (R). Feeding the R diet was associated with delayed formation or progress of cataract over virtually the entire second half of life. At 11 months of age, bilateral grade 5 cataracts were present in 17% and 2% of C and R lenses, respectively. At 22 months of age, bilateral grade 5 cataracts were present in 90% and 18% of C and R lenses, respectively. The distribution of alpha-, beta-,and gamma- crystallins in the water-soluble, urea-soluble, and SDS-soluble fractions indicates more similarities than differences between C and R lenses with a specific grade of cataract or of a given age. However, there were significant and abrupt (after grade 4 cataract) losses of particular gamma-crystallins; gamma-crystallins which were not prominent at earlier stages became the major gamma-crystallin moieties. Losses of alpha-crystallins were also noted upon cataract formation or aging in most of the fractions. Aggregates including gamma- and alpha-crystallins also accumulate faster in the C group. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY 08566A] NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0271-3683 J9 CURR EYE RES JI Curr. Eye Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1081 EP 1091 DI 10.3109/02713689309033506 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA MT627 UT WOS:A1993MT62700006 PM 8137632 ER PT J AU SHOWERS, WB KEASTER, AJ RAULSTON, JR HENDRIX, WH DERRICK, ME MCCORCLE, MD ROBINSON, JF WAY, MO WALLENDORF, MJ GOODENOUGH, JL AF SHOWERS, WB KEASTER, AJ RAULSTON, JR HENDRIX, WH DERRICK, ME MCCORCLE, MD ROBINSON, JF WAY, MO WALLENDORF, MJ GOODENOUGH, JL TI MECHANISM OF SOUTHWARD MIGRATION OF A NOCTUID MOTH [AGROTIS-IPSILON (HUFNAGEL)] - A COMPLETE MIGRANT SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGROTIS-IPSILON; LEPIDOPTERA; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; MARK RELEASE RECAPTURE; NEAR-SURFACE AIR-FLOW; WEATHER SYSTEMS ID BLACK CUTWORM LEPIDOPTERA; PSEUDALETIA-UNIPUNCTA; ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; POLLEN; TEXAS AB To determine whether an economically important moth species emigrates from the western Com Belt (Iowa and Missouri) to the gulf coastal areas of Louisiana and Texas each autumn, adult populations of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) males were monitored with traps baited with female sex pheromone, 16 July to 31 October 1986-1987. Concurrently, to estimate the potential for southward displacement of A. ipsilon, moths marked with a vital dye, Calco Red N-1700, were released at dusk 28 September and 2 October 1986, and 10 and 17 September 1987, from Ankeny, Iowa. Increased nightly moth-capture in Texas was positively related to numbers of nights with near-surface (100-300 m) northerly airflow (southward displacement of air) and decreased moth-capture in the western Corn Belt. Capture in Louisiana was also negatively correlated with capture of moths in the western Com Belt. The recapture in autumn 1986 of two moths in Missouri, 397 km and 460 km south of the release site, respectively, was possible because of nightly near-surface northerly airflow. Near-surface northerly airflow the night of and subsequent to 17 September 1987 was responsible for a marked moth being recaptured near Neota, Illinois, and another being recaptured near Brownsville, Texas, 276 km southeast and 1900 km southwest of the release site, respectively. We conclude that during late summer and autumn, A., ipsilon, and probably other insect species, respond to deteriorating environmental conditions by using certain weather systems with northerly (southward displacement) near-surface airflow to complete midcontinental migrations to more favorable areas. C1 TEXAS A&M AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AGR METEOROL SECT,AMES,IA 50011. USDA,ARS,RICE INSECT RES UNIT,CROWLEY,LA 70526. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,RICE STN,CROWLEY,LA 70526. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT STAT,AMES,IA 50011. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,ENGN EQUIPMENT & METHODS RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP SHOWERS, WB (reprint author), USDA,ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 40 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 6 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 74 IS 8 BP 2303 EP 2314 DI 10.2307/1939583 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ575 UT WOS:A1993MJ57500012 ER PT J AU ELICH, TD EDELMAN, M MATTO, AK AF ELICH, TD EDELMAN, M MATTO, AK TI DEPHOSPHORYLATION OF PHOTOSYSTEM-II CORE PROTEINS IS LIGHT-REGULATED IN-VIVO SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CHLOROPLAST; LIGHT-REGULATION; PHOSPHATASE; PROTEIN KINASE; REDOX CONTROL; SPIRODELA ID PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; EXCITATION-ENERGY; PHOSPHORYLATION; SPINACH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; POLYPEPTIDES; DEGRADATION; THYLAKOIDS AB A number of photosystem II (PSII)-associated proteins, including D1, D2, CP43 and LHCII, are phosphorylated post-translationally by a membrane-bound, redox-regulated kinase activity. In vitro studies have demonstrated that these proteins can be dephosphorylated by membrane-bound phosphatase activity, reportedly insensitive to light or redox control. We demonstrate here that the PSII core proteins, D1, D2 and CP43, undergo light-stimulated, linear electron-transport-independent dephosphorylation in vivo. The in vivo dephosphorylation of D1 was characterized further and shown to depend upon light intensity, and to occur throughout the visible light spectrum with characteristics most consistent with light absorption by chlorophyll. PSII core protein dephosphorylation in vivo was stimulated by photosystem I (PSI)-specific far-red light, and inhibited by 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone, an inhibitor of plastoquinol oxidation by the cytochrome b6f complex. Based on these findings, we propose that PSI excitation is involved in regulating dephosphorylation of PSII core proteins in vivo. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BLDG 006,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT PLANT GENET,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. NR 32 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 12 IS 12 BP 4857 EP 4862 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MF994 UT WOS:A1993MF99400041 PM 8223494 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR REDAK, RA AF HORTON, DR REDAK, RA TI FURTHER COMMENTS ON ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE IN INSECT DIETARY STUDIES SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE INSECT DIETARY STUDIES; ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE; DETERRENCE; ANTIBIOSIS ID SECONDARY COMPOUNDS; TOXICITY; LEPIDOPTERA; RATIOS; CATERPILLARS; BUTTERFLIES; DETERRENT; INDEXES; LARVAE AB Raubenheimer & Simpson (1992) recently discussed the advantages of using analysis of covariance in insect dietary studies as an alternative to the more conventional ratio-based nutritional indices. We expand on some interpretations of Raubenheimer & Simpson and illustrate our points with examples from published and unpublished data sets. Specifically, we show that an ANCOVA on biomass gain incorporating initial biomass as a covariate provides information not immediately available using the analysis suggested by Raubenheimer & Simpson (ANCOVA on final biomass incorporating initial biomass as a covariate). Second, we show that dietary studies in which the covariate (food consumption) is affected by diet can provide information about the relative importance of preingestive effects (e.g., deterrence) and postingestive effects (e.g., antibiosis) on performance. Cautions about this latter use of ANCOVA are discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 41 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 69 IS 3 BP 263 EP 275 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ML798 UT WOS:A1993ML79800008 ER PT J AU KINGSLEY, PC BRYAN, MD DAY, WH BURGER, TL DYSART, RJ SCHWALBE, CP AF KINGSLEY, PC BRYAN, MD DAY, WH BURGER, TL DYSART, RJ SCHWALBE, CP TI ALFALFA WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL - SPREADING THE BENEFITS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYPERA-POSTICA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PARASITE ID ERYNIA SP ENTOMOPHTHORALES; HYPERA-POSTICA COLEOPTERA; PERIDESMIA-DISCUS HYMENOPTERA; EASTERN ONTARIO; UNITED-STATES; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; MICROCLIMATIC MOISTURE; GYLLENHAL COLEOPTERA; BATHYPLECTES-ANURUS; CONIDIAL PRODUCTION AB Since 1980, >16 million parasites of Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) were distributed across the United States as part of the Alfalfa Weevil Biological Control Program. Two species of internal parasites, one of the larval stage, Bathyplectes anurus (Thomson) and one of the adult stage, Microctonus aethiopoides (Loan), were released in the largest numbers. A detection survey conducted by the USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, found that a second larval parasite, Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), had already spread throughout alfalfa-growing areas in the United States. Later, an establishment survey successfully recovered parasites in nearly half of the >700 counties where releases were made. Results from an evaluation survey indicated that the number of alfalfa weevil parasite species collected in surveyed fields in Iowa, Missouri, and Nebraska more then doubled from 1.3 to 3.0. Parasitism rates also increased in these states, whereas insecticide usage declined. However, <3% of the 180 alfalfa fields sampled during the 8 yr evaluation survey reached the economic injury level. Both B. anurus and B. curculionis exhibited differential success when parasitizing two United States strains (eastern and western) of the alfalfa weevil. These two species parasitized an average of 21% of the larvae collected in survey samples. M. aethiopoides could possibly be an important method for keeping H. postica populations below economic injury levels. A delayed density-dependent relationship between this species and its host was demonstrated in three midwestern fields sampled for seven consecutive years. Before the first cutting of alfalfa, M. aethiopoides killed an average of 26% of adult weevils in the four areas surveyed in the eastern United States. A fungal disease, Zoopthora phytonomi (Arthur), of H. postica was detected in the majority of fields in our evaluation survey; this too may be a method for reducing weevil populations. RP KINGSLEY, PC (reprint author), USDA,OTIS METHODS DEV CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,OTIS AFB,MA 02542, USA. NR 89 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1234 EP 1250 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA104 UT WOS:A1993NA10400003 ER PT J AU LINIT, MJ KINN, DN AF LINIT, MJ KINN, DN TI INFLUENCE OF PINEWOOD NEMATODE (NEMATODA, APHELENCHOIDIDAE) INFECTION ON THE PREFORMED DEFENSIVE RESPONSE OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BURSAPHELENCHUS-XYLOPHILUS; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; PREFORMED DEFENSES ID COLEOPTERA; BEETLE; SCOLYTIDAE; STRESS AB The effect of pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, infection on the preformed defensive response of loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., near Pineville, LA, was quantified from 1987 through 1990. Each year, trees were inoculated with almost-equal-to 50,000 pinewood nematodes in all life stages. An equal number of control trees were inoculated with sterile, distilled water. Oleoresin flow was monitored on each tree on a monthly basis from four wounds, equally spaced around the bole and located almost-equal-to 3 m above ground level in 1987 and 1-2 m above ground level during subsequent years. Sustained significant reductions in oleoresin flow were noted in the nematode-inoculated trees for 6 mo after inoculation in 1988 and for 5 mo after inoculation in 1990. A significant reduction was noted for one sampling period during 1989, 3 mo after inoculation. No differences were noted in 1987. Oleoresin flow reduction on nematode-inoculated trees was influenced by seasonal changes in oleoresin flow and the timing of soil moisture deficits. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP LINIT, MJ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1293 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA104 UT WOS:A1993NA10400008 ER PT J AU MESSINA, FJ JONES, TA NIELSON, DC AF MESSINA, FJ JONES, TA NIELSON, DC TI PERFORMANCE OF THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON PERENNIAL RANGE GRASSES - EFFECTS OF PREVIOUS DEFOLIATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; APHIDIDAE; DEFOLIATION ID ALTERNATE HOSTS; PLANT-RESPONSES; HERBIVORY; SEEDLINGS; REGROWTH; QUALITY AB We determined whether early-season defoliation of range grasses affected the subsequent suitability of these plants for the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). Grazing was simulated by clipping six grass species in northern Utah in April 1992. Aphid population growth was higher on clipped plants than on control plants, especially during the oversummering period when aphids may rely on range grasses as alternate hosts. Aphids suffered complete mortality on 28% of control plants during this period but failed to establish themselves on only 2% of clipped plants. Defoliation increased plant nitrogen and water content, and differences in total nitrogen between clipped and control plants were positively correlated with differences in aphid density. Spring grazing may generally increase the susceptibility of grasses to D. noxia; an exception to this pattern was Indian ricegrass, which responds to defoliation by greater reproduction instead of rapid vegetative growth. C1 USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP MESSINA, FJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1349 EP 1354 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA104 UT WOS:A1993NA10400018 ER PT J AU ROBACKER, DC GARCIA, JA AF ROBACKER, DC GARCIA, JA TI EFFECTS OF AGE, TIME OF DAY, FEEDING HISTORY, AND GAMMA-IRRADIATION ON ATTRACTION OF MEXICAN FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE), TO BACTERIAL ODOR IN LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; ATTRACTANTS; FOOD DEPRIVATION ID ANASTREPHA-LUDENS DIPTERA; MALE-PRODUCED PHEROMONE; FLY DIPTERA; RESPONSES; STRAIN; LURE AB Factors affecting attraction of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), to the odor of a bacterium isolated from the fly, were evaluated in laboratory experiments. The odor was not attractive to newly emerged adults. For sugar-fed, yeast-hydrolysate-deprived flies, attraction to the bacterial odor began when flies were 1 d old, peaked when flies were 5-7 d old, then declined steadily as flies aged further. Generally, bacterial odor was attractive to sugar-fed flies and unattractive to sugar-deprived flies. The odor was most attractive to sugar-fed, yeast-hydrolysate-deprived flies but was also highly attractive to flies fed both sugar and yeast hydrolysate. Flies were attracted to bacterial odor during all times of the photophase although attraction was less very early and very late in the photophase than at other times. Flies irradiated with gamma rays were about 20% less responsive to the odor than unirradiated flies. RP ROBACKER, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP QUAL & FRUIT INSECTS RES,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1367 EP 1374 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA104 UT WOS:A1993NA10400022 ER PT J AU WRAIGHT, SP POPRAWSKI, TJ MEYER, WL PEAIRS, FB AF WRAIGHT, SP POPRAWSKI, TJ MEYER, WL PEAIRS, FB TI NATURAL ENEMIES OF RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) AND ASSOCIATED CEREAL APHID SPECIES IN SPRING-PLANTED WHEAT AND BARLEY IN COLORADO SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; PARASITOIDS; PATHOGENS ID SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; POPULATIONS AB Colorado has experienced high levels of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), damage and is considered an important site for release of biocontrol agents. In June 1990, field surveys were initiated to provide baseline data on the identity and prevalence of existing aphid pathogens, parasites, and predators. Sampling was conducted in spring-planted grain in irrigated and dry-land fields near Fort Collins and Akron. D. noxia was the most abundant aphid; populations were high in both irrigated and dry-land fields. Parasite prevalence was low (<5%) in all fields. D. noxia was the most frequently parasitized aphid, and the most common parasite was Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh). Syrphid fly larvae were the only predators consistently found feeding on aphids within the D. noxia-damaged (rolled) leaves. However, syrphid populations were low, <0.3 larvae per aphid-infested tiller. The ineffectiveness of the existing complex of parasites and predators in suppressing D. noxia populations underscores the need for introductions of more efficient biocontrol agents. Pathogenic fungi were active in nearly all fields; three species were found. In irrigated fields, Entomophthora chromaphidis Burger & Swain was the most common pathogen during the spring, with peak prevalence of 13% on 22 June. Pandora (= Erynia) neoaphidis (Remaudiere & Hennebert) was not detected until late June, but it rapidly reached epizootic levels (44% infection by 18 July). Highest prevalence (20%) of Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall & Dunn) coincided with that of P. neoaphidis. Prevalence of fungal pathogens in dry-land fields did not exceed 2.5%. The observation of only low levels of entomophthoralean fungal infection in the nonirrigated fields suggests that reliable use of these natural control agents against aphids in the semiarid West will require manipulation of environmental conditions through irrigation. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 15 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1383 EP 1391 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA104 UT WOS:A1993NA10400024 ER PT J AU RUBY, MV DAVIS, A LINK, TE SCHOOF, R CHANEY, RL FREEMAN, GB BERGSTROM, P AF RUBY, MV DAVIS, A LINK, TE SCHOOF, R CHANEY, RL FREEMAN, GB BERGSTROM, P TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN-VITRO SCREENING-TEST TO EVALUATE THE IN-VIVO BIOACCESSIBILITY OF INGESTED MINE-WASTE LEAD SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOAVAILABILITY; MEALS; SOIL; ABSORPTION; KINETICS AB A screening-level in vitro test was developed to evaluate the relative solubility of ingested lead (Pb) from different mine wastes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The in vitro method, modeled after assay methods for available iron from food, used a laboratory digestion procedure designed to reproduce GI tract chemistry and function. The in vitro method was independently calibrated against a rabbit feeding study, demonstrating that only 1-6 % of the total Pb in four mine-waste samples with disparate Pb mineralogy was bioaccessible. In vitro method development tests indicated that H+ concentration and Cl- complexation control dissolution of Pb-bearing minerals in the stomach and that both GI tract enzymes and organic acids are necessary to maintain Pb in the soluble form on entering the small intestine. The experimental results indicate that ingestion of Pb-bearing mine wastes results in limited Pb solubility and that the in vitro test provides a screening-level estimate of the maximum available Pb from mine wastes. C1 PTI ENVIRONM SERV,BELLEVUE,WA 98007. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. ARCO,DENVER,CO 80202. RP RUBY, MV (reprint author), PTI ENVIRONM SERV,2995 BASELINE RD,SUITE 202,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012 NR 41 TC 216 Z9 232 U1 6 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 13 BP 2870 EP 2877 DI 10.1021/es00049a030 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ956 UT WOS:A1993MJ95600036 ER PT J AU MCKEE, WH MCKEVLIN, MR AF MCKEE, WH MCKEVLIN, MR TI GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND NUTRIENT-UPTAKE BY PLANTS IN HYDRIC SOILS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE SOIL REDUCTION; PLANT ANOXIA; MINERAL NUTRITION; PLANT METABOLISM; WETLAND SOIL-PLANT INTERACTIONS ID SLASH PINE ROOTS; ANAEROBIC SOLUTION CULTURE; RADIAL OXYGEN LOSS; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; LODGEPOLE PINE; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; NYSSA-SYLVATICA; SATURATED SOILS; TAEDA SEEDLINGS; WATER-QUALITY AB Soil reduction caused by flooding has profound effects on species adaptation and mineral nutrition of higher plants. Anaerobic conditions inhibit normal root respiration of higher plants. Alternate metabolic pathways may be utilized in combination with the development of anatomical characteristics that result in the internal movement of oxygen to the roots. Soil organisms use other oxidants when the oxygen supply is interrupted, which results in profound changes in oxidative slates of many metals and nonmetals, and changes in soil reaction and conductivity. The products of reduction are primarily nitrogen gas, manganous manganese, ferrous iron, sulfide sulfur, methane, and organic acids. These reduction products alter the availability of soil nutrients and can drastically alter the soil acidity. Plant-soil interactions on flooded soils can sometimes be altered, as has been demonstrated by the use of phosphorus fertilizer on southern pine and zinc on rice. RP MCKEE, WH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 117 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2197 EP 2207 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MG941 UT WOS:A1993MG94100004 ER PT J AU LEMLY, AD FINGER, SE NELSON, MK AF LEMLY, AD FINGER, SE NELSON, MK TI SOURCES AND IMPACTS OF IRRIGATION DRAINWATER CONTAMINANTS IN ARID WETLANDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE WETLANDS; CONTAMINANTS; ARID CLIMATE; AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION DRAINAGE ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; MALLARD DUCKLINGS; KESTERSON-RESERVOIR; CHINOOK SALMON; AQUATIC BIRDS; ORGANIC SELENIUM; DIETARY-PROTEIN; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; STRIPED BASS; FRESH-WATER AB Arid wetlands are being contaminated by subsurface agricultural irrigation drainage throughout the western United States. Historic freshwater inflows have been diverted for agricultural and municipal use, and remaining freshwater supplies are not sufficient to maintain the integrity of these important natural areas once they are degraded by irrigation drainwater. Waterfowl populations are threatened in the Pacific and Central Flyways; migratory birds have been poisoned by drainwater contaminants on at least six national wildlife refuges. Subsurface irrigation drainage is the most widespread and biologically important source of contaminants to wetlands in arid regions of the country. The case history of poisoning at Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge in California and studies at other locations by the U.S. Department of the Interior provide detailed information on the toxicity of drainwater contaminants to fish and wildlife. Biogeochemical conditions favorable for the production of toxic drainage are found throughout the western states. Two actions seem necessary to prevent further drainage-related degradation of arid wetlands. First is a reduction in the amount of contaminants reaching these wetlands, possibly involving regulatory intervention through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit process. Second, a better balance must be achieved in the way fresh water is allocated between agriculture and wildlife. Federally subsidized water has supported agriculture at the expense of wetlands for nearly 100 years in the western United States. This trend must be reversed if arid wetlands and their fish and wildlife populations are to survive. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP LEMLY, AD (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI,US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 96 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2265 EP 2279 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MG941 UT WOS:A1993MG94100009 ER PT J AU HOEFNAGELS, MH BROOME, SW SHAFER, SR AF HOEFNAGELS, MH BROOME, SW SHAFER, SR TI VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE IN SALT MARSHES IN NORTH-CAROLINA SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; PLANTS; FUNGI; SOILS; ROOTS AB The primary objective of this research was to determine if vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi are associated with the roots of common plant species found in North Carolina salt marshes. Root samples of Spartina alterniflora, S. patens, S. cynosuroides, Distichlis spicata, and Juncus roemerianus were collected from eight salt marsh sites. With the exception of S. alterniflora, all plant species were mycorrhizal. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine whether unfavorable soil conditions or inherent resistance by the plant inhibited development of mycorrhizal infection in field-collected S. alterniflora. Spartina alterniflora and S. patens were grown from seeds in soil collected from a pure stand of S. alterniflora (soil A) or a mixed stand of S. patens and D. spicata (soil P). Seedlings were harvested weekly for 8 wk, and roots were evaluated for infection by mycorrhizal fungi. Seedlings of S. patens were infected when grown for 2 wk in either soil A or soil P, indicating that soil collected from stands of S. alterniflora did not inhibit mycorrhizal infection in a susceptible host. Percent root length infected in S. patens was always greater in soil P than in soil A. Seedlings of S. alterniflora were not infected by mycorrhizal fungi in either soil A or soil P. Results of the greenhouse study indicate that S. alterniflora may be resistant to infection by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. C1 USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HOEFNAGELS, MH (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 8 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1993 VL 16 IS 4 BP 851 EP 858 DI 10.2307/1352444 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MW147 UT WOS:A1993MW14700017 ER PT J AU LUNDQUIST, JE AF LUNDQUIST, JE TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANOPY GAPS CAUSED BY ARMILLARIA ROOT DISEASE AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS IN LOWVELD FORESTS OF SOUTH-AFRICA SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARMILLARIA; PINUS; GAPS; MANAGEMENT AB Roadside reconnaissance and aerial photo surveys were used to characterize the frequency and size of canopy gaps caused by Armillaria root disease in 1763 stands of Pinus spp. in the eastern Transvaal, South Africa. Root disease occurred in 290 stands, most of which grew at altitudes < 1000 m. Pinus elliottii was the most commonly infected host, followed by P. keesiya, P. roxburghii, P. caribaea, P. taeda, and P. patula. Disease severity (proportion of stand area with gaps) increased rapidly to age 3, remained nearly constant between ages 6-17, increased rapidly again between 17-28, and then decreased abruptly between ages 28-40. Gap incidence (proportion of all stands with gaps) rapidly increased to age 10, after which it remained nearly constant. Host species present tn previous stands influenced whether disease developed in current stands. RP LUNDQUIST, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-1237 J9 EUR J FOREST PATHOL JI Eur. J. Forest Pathol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 23 IS 6-7 BP 362 EP 371 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MV094 UT WOS:A1993MV09400004 ER PT J AU DAY, KA FRISVOLD, GB AF DAY, KA FRISVOLD, GB TI WHAT HAPPENED TO NATURAL-RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL-RESEARCH IN THE UNITED-STATES SO EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS IN PLANTS LA English DT Article AB Environmental and natural resources research is vital to identifying environmental problems and formulating their solution. While scientific consensus on the nature and scope of particular environmental problems does not guarantee effective environmental policy, lack of basic scientific understanding about relationships between human activity and the environment makes effective policy action impossible. This article reviews the recent history of federal funding and priority setting for environmental and natural resources research in the United States. Our aim is to highlight administrative policy changes and to discuss the implications of these changes for the public research system and the environment. RP DAY, KA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS IN PLANTS PI LEAMINGTON SPA, ROYAL PA PO BOX 74 49 LEAM TERRACE,LEAMINGTON SPA, LEAMINGTON SPA, ROYAL, WARWICK, ENGLAND CV31 1FS SN 1011-3258 J9 EVOL TREND PLANT JI Evol. Trends Plants PD DEC PY 1993 IS 1 SU S BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA NB721 UT WOS:A1993NB72100001 ER PT J AU LI, SX HARRIS, CP LEONG, SA AF LI, SX HARRIS, CP LEONG, SA TI COMPARISON OF FLUORESCENCE IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION AND PRIMED IN-SITU LABELING METHODS FOR DETECTION OF SINGLE-COPY GENES IN THE FUNGUS USTILAGO-MAYDIS SO EXPERIMENTAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLUORESCENCE IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DIGOXIGENIN; PRIMED IN-SITU LABELING; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; NUCLEAR STAIN ID NUCLEIC-ACID SEQUENCES; DNA-SEQUENCES; PROBES; LOCALIZATION; CHROMOSOMES; RESOLUTION; YEAST C1 STATE LAB HYG, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, USDA ARS, PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. STATE LAB HYG, DEPT CYTOGENET, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-5975 J9 EXP MYCOL JI Exp. Mycol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 17 IS 4 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1006/emyc.1993.1028 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Mycology GA MN429 UT WOS:A1993MN42900005 ER PT J AU BHAGWAT, AA TULLY, RE KEISTER, DL AF BHAGWAT, AA TULLY, RE KEISTER, DL TI IDENTIFICATION AND CLONING OF A CYCLIC BETA-(1-]3), BETA-(1-]6)-D-GLUCAN SYNTHESIS LOCUS FROM BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BETA-GLUCANS; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; NODULATION ID RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; GLUCAN SYNTHESIS; NDVB LOCUS; MUTANTS; FREDII; GENES AB A cosmid clone complementing a cyclic beta-(1 --> 2)-glucan biosynthesis (ndvB) mutant of Rhizobium meliloti was isolated from a Bradyrhizobium japonicum gene library. This clone specified synthesis of beta-(1 --> 3),beta-(1 --> 6)-linked glucans in R. meliloti. The complemented strain was osmotically tolerant and symbiotically competent on alfalfa. Thus, beta-(1 --> 3),beta-(1 --> 6)-glucans can substitute functionally for beta-(1 --> 2)-glucans in R. meliloti. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 114 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1016/0378-1097(93)90510-9 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MK498 UT WOS:A1993MK49800004 PM 8282182 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ LENCZEWSKI, B AF LANDOLT, PJ LENCZEWSKI, B TI LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR THE TOXIC NECTAR HYPOTHESIS - A PLANT ALKALOID DID NOT DETER NECTAR FEEDING BY LEPIDOPTERA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; AGRAULIS-VANILLAE; DETERRENT; MONOCROTALINE; NECTAR ID PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; MOTHS AB Floral nectars of many plant species contain alkaloids and other allelochemics that might deter butterfly visitors and promote flower constancy by specialized pollinators. The pyrrolizidine alkaloid, monocrotaline, has been implicated as such a feeding inhibitor in nectar, in support of this toxic nectar hypothesis. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating monocrotaline for deterrence of nectar feeding in the tobacco budworm moth, Heliothis virescens (Fab.), the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and the gulf fritillary butterfly, Agraulis vanillae (L.). Concentrations of monocrotaline added to aqueous sucrose solutions did not reduce consumption in these three species, even with near saturation concentrations of monocrotaline. Also, gulf fritillary butterflies did not alter their preference for visiting orange artificial flowers when given the choice between yellow flowers with a sugar solution and orange flowers with a monocrotaline and sugar solution. Patterns of flower visitation by Lepidoptera are likely due to a combination of factors, such as attractants, feeding stimulants and deterrents, visual stimuli, flower morphology, and ecological factors that control nectar availability. RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 556 EP 566 DI 10.2307/3495785 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MQ397 UT WOS:A1993MQ39700003 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ AF LANDOLT, PJ TI SUITABILITY OF 6 SPECIES OF COMMELINACEAE AS LARVAL HOSTS OF MOURALIA-TINCTOIDES (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE, PLUSIINAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HOST PLANT; SPIDERWORT; REARING; LOOPER; MOURALIA; TRADESCANTIA AB Survival rates to pupal and adult stages, development rates, and pupal weights were determined for larvae of Mouralia tinctoides (Guenee) placed on six species of Commelinaceae. Larvae developed successfully on the dayflower, Commelina diffusa Burmeister, on two wandering jew species, Tradescantia zebrina G. G. Bosse and Tradescantia fluminensis Velloso, and on the spiderwort, Tradescantia ohiensis Raffinesque. Poor survival and lower pupal weights occurred with larvae placed on foliage of purple queen Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D. Hunt and on Callisia repens L. Larvae of M. tinctoides did not survive on two artificial diets used as rearing media for many pest Lepidoptera or on foliage of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 572 EP 576 DI 10.2307/3495787 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MQ397 UT WOS:A1993MQ39700005 ER PT J AU EPSKY, ND HEATH, RR SIVINSKI, JM CALKINS, CO BARANOWSKI, RM FRITZ, AH AF EPSKY, ND HEATH, RR SIVINSKI, JM CALKINS, CO BARANOWSKI, RM FRITZ, AH TI EVALUATION OF PROTEIN BAIT FORMULATIONS FOR THE CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; TEPHRITIDAE; PROTEIN BAITS; TRAPPING; BAIT PH ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; TRAPS; MCPHAIL; CAPTURE; FLIES AB Laboratory and field trials were conducted to determine the preference of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), for aqueous formulations of the protein bait NuLure(R) and standard torula yeast plus sodium borate (HTY-borax) pellets. Addition of 1-10% borax to 10% NuLure solution increased bait pH, and this increase was directly correlated with increase in number of female flies trapped in two-choice laboratory bioassays and in field trials conducted in three locations in south Florida during the spring of 1992. Overall, significantly more flies were attracted to volatiles from HTY-borax solution than to volatiles from any of the NuLure solutions. There was variation in the response of flies to baits observed among the three test locations. Age structures of the populations at the different locations were compared by determining the percentage of females mated among the trapped females. There were significant differences in the percentage of mated females at the 3 locations, which ranged from 26-65% mated. In the locations with a high percentage of unmated female flies, the flies were less discriminating, at least among the protein baits offered in this study. Thus, age structure of the target population may alter response to bait. There was also variation in the pH of the baits at different locations due to the pH of the water used to prepare the solutions. Bait pH may be a significant factor that has been overlooked in field tests conducted at different locations or at different times as changes in water pH, as well as bait protein pH, may strongly affect trap efficacy. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR TROP RES & EDUC,HOMESTEAD,FL 33031. RP EPSKY, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 626 EP 635 DI 10.2307/3495797 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MQ397 UT WOS:A1993MQ39700015 ER PT J AU SIVINSKI, JM AF SIVINSKI, JM TI LONGEVITY AND FECUNDITY IN THE CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) - EFFECTS OF MATING, STRAIN AND BODY-SIZE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; LIFE-SPAN; SURVIVAL; EGG PRODUCTION ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA LOEW AB There was no difference in the longevity of mated versus virgin female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), when kept without food. Females provided with food and kept with males lived a shorter period of time than single females, and females with larger males had a shorter lifespan than those kept with smaller males. Females provided with food and caged with large males did not have fecundity greater than those caged with small males. When protein was removed from the female diet, there was no difference between the fecundities of females mated to large and small males. The maximum fecundity of wild females in different size categories was correlated to thorax length. A similar analysis of longevity yielded a relationship that bordered on significance. Domestic male lifespan was significantly related to size. Flies kept in colony for more than 15 years lived a shorter time than wild flies, but had greater lifetime fecundity. RP SIVINSKI, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 4 BP 635 EP 644 DI 10.2307/3495798 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MQ397 UT WOS:A1993MQ39700016 ER PT J AU CHAMBERLAIN, WJ BACON, CW NORRED, WP VOSS, KA AF CHAMBERLAIN, WJ BACON, CW NORRED, WP VOSS, KA TI LEVELS OF FUMONISIN B-1 IN CORN NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WITH AFLATOXINS SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; KERNEL INFECTION; MAIZE EARS; SPHINGOLIPIDS AB Aflatoxins and fumonisin B-1 are hepatotoxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme, respectively. These fungi are common natural contaminants of corn, and both aflatoxins and fumonisin B-1 have been implicated as aetiological agents in animal and human diseases. To determine whether these mycotoxins co-exist on corn under natural conditions, 28 samples from the 1991 Georgia (USA) corn crop were assayed for (total) aflatoxin and fumonisin B-1. 27 samples were positive for aflatoxin, 24 samples were positive for fumonisin B-1, and 23 samples had detectable levels of both. In the positive samples, the mean aflatoxin concentration was 73 ppb (SD = 86), and the average fumonisin B-1 concentration was 0.87 ppm (SD = 0.65). A correlation between aflatoxin and fumonisin B-1 concentrations was not evident. None the less, these results demonstrate that exposure to both mycotoxins can occur simultaneously by consumption of co-contaminated corn. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 29 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 31 IS 12 BP 995 EP 998 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90009-N PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA MU071 UT WOS:A1993MU07100009 PM 8282284 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, LC SHIEH, DH FLEMING, HP MCFEETERS, RF THOMPSON, RL AF MCDONALD, LC SHIEH, DH FLEMING, HP MCFEETERS, RF THOMPSON, RL TI EVALUATION OF MALOLACTIC-DEFICIENT STRAINS OF LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM FOR USE IN CUCUMBER FERMENTATIONS SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRINED CUCUMBERS; GROWTH C1 USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 10 IS 6 BP 489 EP 499 DI 10.1006/fmic.1993.1054 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA MT153 UT WOS:A1993MT15300003 ER PT J AU ERIKSSON, G NAMKOONG, G ROBERDS, JH AF ERIKSSON, G NAMKOONG, G ROBERDS, JH TI DYNAMIC GENE CONSERVATION FOR UNCERTAIN FUTURES SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; POPULATION-GENETICS; EVOLUTION; FREQUENCIES; DISTANCE; PLANTS AB Programs for conserving genes in forest trees should be based on evolutionary concepts. Our recommendations for gene conservation are appropriate for conditions of rapid environmental change such as might occur under accumulation of greenhouse gases. We describe the impact that the evolutionary forces of selection, migration and genetic drift have on the genetic architecture of tree species and emphasize that maximum fitness for all traits will never be obtained in any plant population. Genetic variation is a prerequisite for future evolution and we stress that gene conservation programs should provide opportunities for future evolution. Two methods have been developed to manage populations for this purpose. One is hierarchical; in it useful genes are intended to be gradually transferred by crossing from lower to higher levels of improvement. The second, the multiple population breeding system, generates the sizeable genetic variance that is necessary to cope with future uncertainties regarding environmental conditions and trait values. We recommend this latter system whenever financing allows. Existing adaptations should be used when populations are appointed as gene resource populations. The multiple breeding population system was developed to incorporate ex situ gene conservation as an integral part of breeding. However, its basic premise of broadening among-population variance can also be accomplished in in situ programs by choosing widely varying stands as gene resource populations and diversifying them further through selection. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, US FOREST SERV,DEPT GENET,SE FOREST EXPT STN, POB 7614, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI, DEPT FOREST GENET, S-75007 UPPSALA, SWEDEN. NR 63 TC 79 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 62 IS 1-4 BP 15 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90039-P PG 23 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MN652 UT WOS:A1993MN65200002 ER PT J AU DEBELL, DS HARRINGTON, CA AF DEBELL, DS HARRINGTON, CA TI DEPLOYING GENOTYPES IN SHORT-ROTATION PLANTATIONS - MIXTURES AND PURE CULTURES OF CLONES AND SPECIES SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS; INTENSIVE CULTURE; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN FIXATION; HAZARDS; SILVICULTURE; OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS; HYBRIDS; POPULUS; ALNUS; EUCALYPTUS; ALBIZIA AB This article discusses factors to be considered when choosing among alternative deployment options for species and clones in short-rotation plantations. Several examples of pure and mixed culture are presented and potential benefits and problems are described. The article is based on a paper presented to the International Energy Agency's Committee on Biomass Production Systems which met in conjunction with the International Poplar Commission at Zaragoza, Spain. in September 1992. RP DEBELL, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 69 IS 6 BP 705 EP 713 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MR463 UT WOS:A1993MR46300020 ER PT J AU MASON, JB ROUBENOFF, R AF MASON, JB ROUBENOFF, R TI THE UNBEARABLE LIGHTNESS OF BEING ... A CIRRHOTIC SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-CALORIE MALNUTRITION; CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; RESTING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; BODY-COMPOSITION; ENTERAL NUTRITION; BONE-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; OSTEOPOROSIS; METABOLISM RP MASON, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1911 EP 1914 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ML100 UT WOS:A1993ML10000040 PM 8253367 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, CE WIELGUS, SM HABERLACH, GT GUENTHER, C KIMLEE, H HELGESON, JP AF WILLIAMS, CE WIELGUS, SM HABERLACH, GT GUENTHER, C KIMLEE, H HELGESON, JP TI RFLP ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOMAL SEGREGATION IN PROGENY FROM AN INTERSPECIFIC HEXAPLOID SOMATIC HYBRID BETWEEN SOLANUM BREVIDENS AND SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID S-TUBEROSUM; POTATO; RESISTANCE; FUSION; TOMATO AB Segregation of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci was monitored to determine the degree of homeologous pairing and recombination in a hexaploid somatic hybrid, A206, the result of protoplast fusion between Solanum tuberosum (PI 203900, a tetraploid cultivated potato) and Solanum brevidens (PI 218228), a diploid, sexually incompatible, distant relative harboring several traits for disease resistance. Somatic hybrid A206 was crossed to Katahdin, a tetraploid potato cultivar, to generate a segregating population of pentaploid progeny. Although the clones of the tetraploid S. tuberosum lines PI 203900 and Katahdin were highly polymorphic, the diploid S. brevidens clone was homozygous at all but two of the tested RFLP loci. Thus, homeologous recombination could be detected only when S. tuberosum and S. brevidens chromosomes paired and the S. brevidens homologs then segregated into separate gametes. A bias toward homologous pairing was observed for all 12 chromosomes. At least four and perhaps six chromosomes participated in homologous pairing only; each of 24 progeny contained all S. brevidens-derived RFLP markers for chromosomes 4, 8, 9 and 10. The remaining six chromosomes paired with their homolog(s) about twice as often as expected if hexaploid pairings were completely random. Where detectable with RFLPs, homeologous recombinations (both single and double) occurred at a frequency of 1.31 per chromosome. Cytological observations of meiosis I in the somatic hybrid indicated that homeologous pairing had occurred. Enhanced recombinational activity was observed for chromosome 2. A specific small deletion from chromosome 4 was detected in A206 and 11 other somatic hybrids out of 14 screened. These hybrids represent 13 independent fusion events between the same clones of S. brevidens and S. tuberosum. In one instance, this deletion occurred in one of two plants resulting from the same callus, indicating that the loss occurred in culture after fusion had taken place. It is possible that this deletion contributes to somaclonal variation. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 14 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1993 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1167 EP 1173 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA MH938 UT WOS:A1993MH93800022 PM 7905844 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, SE COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA AF MITCHELL, SE COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA TI THE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME OF ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS SPECIES-A - COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AND GENE ORGANIZATION SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; ANOPHELES QUADRIMACULATUS ID TRANSFER-RNA GENES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; MOSQUITO MITOCHONDRIA; DIHYDROURIDINE ARM; INITIATION CODONS; CLONING VECTORS; DNA-SEQUENCES; CODE; TRANSCRIPTION AB The complete sequence (15 455 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA of the mosquito Anopheles quadrimaculatus species A is reported. This genome is compact and very A + T rich (77.4% A + T). It contains genes for 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 13 subunits of the mitochondrial inner membrane respiratory complexes. The gene arrangement is the same as in Drosophila yakuba, except that the positions of two contiguous tRNAs are reversed and a third tRNA is transcribed from the complementary strand. Protein-coding genes, rRNAs, and most tRNAs were similar to D. yakuba. Two tRNAs had nonstandard secondary structures comparable with those of nematode mitochondrial tRNAs. The very small putative control region (625 bp) contains no sequence motifs similar to those used in vertebrates and other insects for initiation of transcription and replication. RP MITCHELL, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Cockburn, Andrew/B-1354-2009 OI Cockburn, Andrew/0000-0002-1636-9019 NR 52 TC 140 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1993 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1058 EP 1073 DI 10.1139/g93-141 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA MQ459 UT WOS:A1993MQ45900008 PM 8112570 ER PT J AU JELLEN, EN PHILLIPS, RL RINES, HW AF JELLEN, EN PHILLIPS, RL RINES, HW TI C-BANDED KARYOTYPES AND POLYMORPHISMS IN HEXAPLOID OAT ACCESSIONS (AVENA SPP.) USING WRIGHTS STAIN SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE AVENA; C-BANDING; OAT; IMAGE ANALYSIS ID NUCLEOLAR ACTIVITY; STERILIS L; SATIVA L; CHROMOSOMES; RESISTANCE; HYBRIDS; LINES AB A chromosome C-banding protocol using Wright's stain was employed to compare chromosomes in cultivars and wild accessions of several hexaploid oat taxa (Avena spp.). This technique permits the identification of each of the 21 somatic hexaploid oat chromosomes. Digital images of C-banded cells were captured on computer and used to construct karyotypes of several oat accessions. Polymorphisms for C-bands among oat cultivars and wild accessions are described. These banding polymorphisms can be used to trace introgression of chromosomes from wild sources and to provide physical markers on the genetic map for oat. Although C-banding permits the identification of likely C-genome chromosomes based on comparisons with C-banding patterns in diploid and tetraploid Avena species, the A and D genomes cannot be readily differentiated based on their banding patterns. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 24 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1993 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1137 DI 10.1139/g93-151 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA MQ459 UT WOS:A1993MQ45900018 PM 18470055 ER PT J AU ERNSTROM, DJ LYTLE, D AF ERNSTROM, DJ LYTLE, D TI ENHANCED SOILS INFORMATION-SYSTEMS FROM ADVANCES IN COMPUTER-TECHNOLOGY SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Working Group MV (Moisture Variability in Space and Time) of the International-Society-of-Soil-Science CY JUL 26-29, 1992 CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY SP INT SOC SOIL SCI, WORKING GRP MV HO CORNELL UNIV AB Information is being requested with increasing frequency for location, quality, and quantity of soil properties, processes and interactions with various natural resources. Advancements in computer technology such as increased storage capabilities, faster processing speeds, improved database management systems, geographic information systems, and telecommunications have made it possible to provide more information in a more timely manner, and in formats better suited to user needs. These advancements also make it possible for the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) program to continue evolving in the scientific pursuit of understanding and communicating soil-landscape relationships and their interpretations. In an effort to take advantage of the advances in technologies, and to better respond to increased user needs, the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is developing a new National Soil Information System (NASIS). NASIS is intended to provide a number of new capabilities for the users of the system. Among these capabilities are the maintenance of individual observation data within the system and the capability to relate these individual observations and spatial variability of soil properties to individual delineated areas on soil maps. NASIS will also provide for the interpretation of individual components of map units as well as what were formerly included soils within the map units. With increases in capabilities coupled with increases in user needs for soil information, the NCSS has the opportunity as well as the responsibility to continually review practices, procedures and concepts in light of new technologies to assure that they are not based on prior constraints that these new technologies may have erased. C1 USDA,CTR NATL SOIL SURVEY,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,LINCOLN,NE 68508. RP ERNSTROM, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,DIV TECHNOL INFORMAT SYST,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC PY 1993 VL 60 IS 1-4 BP 327 EP 341 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(93)90034-I PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MR148 UT WOS:A1993MR14800021 ER PT J AU MOSIER, AR KLEMEDTSSON, LK SOMMERFELD, RA MUSSELMAN, RC AF MOSIER, AR KLEMEDTSSON, LK SOMMERFELD, RA MUSSELMAN, RC TI METHANE AND NITROUS-OXIDE FLUX IN A WYOMING SUB-ALPINE MEADOW SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE FOREST SOILS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CONSUMPTION; FERTILIZATION; FIELD AB The atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane continue to increase. Since both gases are derived primarily from the soil, soil source/sink relationships in a variety of ecosystems must be understood before complete global source/sink budgets can be accurately made. Little information exists about soil/atmosphere exchange of nitrous oxide and methane from subalpine, forests and forest meadows. A transect of flux measurement sites was established across a subalpine meadow and adjacent forest in southeastern Wyoming, and CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured at least weekly from snow melt in June until the winter snow covered the meadow in October during 1991 and 1992. Nitrous oxide emissions from the meadow were small both years, averaging only 2.5 and 1.3 ug N m-2 h-1 in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Fluxes were larger during the wetter year and varied from point to point, generally in response to soil moisture conditions. Methane flux varied across the meadow and over the season, also in response to changing soil moisture conditions. During the time of rapid snow melt when water was flowing freely across the meadow, the meadow acted as a net source of CH4. After snow melt was completed and the soil dried, the entire meadow became a sink for CH4. The mean snow-free seasonal CH4 flux for the meadow was -3.5 and -21.4 ug C m-2 h-1 during 1991 and 1992, respectively. As a whole, the meadow served as a sink for atmospheric methane, but sites within the meadow served as a net source of CH4 during the snow-free part of the year. C1 SWEDISH ENVIRONM RES INST,GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. US FOREST SERV,FT COLLINS,CO. RP MOSIER, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 771 EP 784 DI 10.1029/93GB02561 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MM234 UT WOS:A1993MM23400004 ER PT J AU BUXTON, DR LENTZ, EM AF BUXTON, DR LENTZ, EM TI PERFORMANCE OF MORPHOLOGICALLY DIVERSE ORCHARDGRASS CLONES IN SPACED AND SWARD PLANTINGS SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MATURITY GROUP; DIGESTIBILITY AB This study was conducted to determine effects and interactions of plant density on digestibility and plant morphology of diverse orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) clones. Propagules of ten orchardgrass clones with contrasting morphology from two maturity groups (inflorescence emergence differed by 8d) were evaluated in sward (0.15-m centres) and spaced (0.60-m centres) plantings. Plants were harvested from spring growth on a common date near anthesis and from summer growth when about 5 weeks of forage growth had accumulated. The plants were separated into morphological parts before measuring their size and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM). There were few plant density x orchardgrass clone interactions, and correlation coefficients of clones grown at the two plant densities generally were high (e.g. 0.87 in spring and 0.67 in summer for IVDDM of total herbage). Plant density had little effect on morphology of leaf blades from reproductive tillers, but leaf blades of vegetative tillers were 12% (spring) and 22% (summer) longer from sward than from spaced plantings. Moreover, reproductive tillers were 26% taller in sward than in spaced plantings. Also, leaf blades of vegetative tillers in spring growth were more than twice as long, of similar width and 65% thicker than leaf blades from reproductive tillers. Because divergent genotypes respond similarly to plant density, it is concluded that observations taken in spaced plantings of orchardgrass can be used to make inferences about relative differences in sward plantings for the traits studied. C1 CARGILL HYBRID SEEDS,AURORA,IL. RP BUXTON, DR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,1577 AGRON HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 336 EP 346 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1993.tb01867.x PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV537 UT WOS:A1993MV53700003 ER PT J AU PENDERY, BM RUMBAUGH, MD MAYLAND, HF HARRISON, PA AF PENDERY, BM RUMBAUGH, MD MAYLAND, HF HARRISON, PA TI NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE AND ELEMENT POOLS IN GLOBEMALLOW (SPHAERALCEA) - DEFOLIATION EFFECTS AND SEASONAL TRENDS SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE SPHAERALCEA MUNROANA; CLIPPING EFFECTS; HERBIVORY; ANIMAL NUTRITION AB Globemallows (Sphaeralcea spp.) are arid land forbs suitable for seeding with crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertner). However, little is known about the quantitative role of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in relation to globemallow tolerance of grazing, or about seasonal dynamics of mineral elements. The objectives of this study were to compare TNC and element pools (concentration x biomass) in the roots, crowns, and shoots of clipped versus unclipped S. munroana (Dougl.) Spach. Seedlings of S. munroana were transplanted to a northern Utah field site in 1985. Interplanted crested wheatgrass provided a uniform competitive background. One-half of the globemallows were clipped to 5 cm on 10 May 1986 when stems were elongating and root and crown TNC pools were low. The remaining globemallows were not clipped. Root, crown, and shoot pools of TNC and elements (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) were determined on 1 May, 20 May, 7 June, 11 July, 22 September, and 5 November 1986, and 29 May 1987. Defoliation did not affect shoot weights during a 1-year period. Experiment-long TNC and element pools also were not affected by clipping. Results indicate that S. munroana shoot recovery from a single spring grazing during a 1-year period would not be impaired by low root and crown TNC pools, and that TNC stored in the roots and crowns would account for only 7% of the regrowth produced. Furthermore, TNC and element pools of roots and crowns were generally constant from May to September but increased from September to November, TNC and element pools in shoots increased from May to September and then generally declined by November. TNC pools of roots and crowns declined during winter. RP PENDERY, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 53 IS 4 BP 332 EP 340 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MT141 UT WOS:A1993MT14100002 ER PT J AU OLIEN, WC SMITH, BJ HEGWOOD, CP AF OLIEN, WC SMITH, BJ HEGWOOD, CP TI GRAPE ROOT BORER - A REVIEW OF THE LIFE-CYCLE AND STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATED CONTROL SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VITACEA-POLISTIFORMIS HARRIS; SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY; LEPIDOPTERA; SESIIDAE; ACETATE C1 USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,TRUCK CROPS BRANCH,EXPT STN,CRYSTAL SPRINGS,MS 39059. RP OLIEN, WC (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT HORT,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1993 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1154 EP 1156 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MQ378 UT WOS:A1993MQ37800002 ER PT J AU OKIE, WR AF OKIE, WR TI PEACH AND NECTARINE VARIETIES - A HYPERTEXT INDEX SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; CULTIVAR AB ''Peach and Nectarine Varieties'' is a self-contained computer program describing more than 600 varieties and their performance in the southeastern United States. The information can be accessed in various ways, including searching for any word or name. A Master Index of names and synonyms lists more than 6000 names used in the United States, plus many foreign names. This index includes pedigree, origin, and a coded description. General information is included regarding peaches and nectarines. All North American breeding programs are chronicled. The program is available for MS-DOS computers with an EGA or VGA monitor, and may be freely distributed. RP OKIE, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1993 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1186 EP 1187 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MQ378 UT WOS:A1993MQ37800015 ER PT J AU LEVI, A ROWLAND, LJ HARTUNG, JS AF LEVI, A ROWLAND, LJ HARTUNG, JS TI PRODUCTION OF RELIABLE RANDOMLY AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS FROM DNA OF WOODY-PLANTS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BERRIES; DECIDUOUS TREE FRUITS; XANTHOMONAS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; AMPLIFICATION AB A procedure for identifying reproducible RAPD markers from woody plant DNA is presented. The procedure relies on using a PCR buffer that contains 1 % Triton-X-100 and 0.1% gelatin [previously described for successful polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S/23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions from eubacteria], and amplification conditions of 50 cycles: 30 sec at 94C, 70 sec at 48C, and 120 sec at 72C. The combination of this buffer and these conditions amplified consistent fragments in higher amounts, as compared to other standard PCR buffers and conditions generally used for RAPD analysis. This procedure resulted in reliable RAPD patterns for all organisms tested. Chemical name used: alpha-[4-(1,1,3,3,-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) (Triton-X-100). RP LEVI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1993 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1188 EP 1190 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MQ378 UT WOS:A1993MQ37800016 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, TE SENTER, SD GRAUKE, LJ AF THOMPSON, TE SENTER, SD GRAUKE, LJ TI LIPID-CONTENT AND FATTY-ACIDS OF PECAN POLLEN SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOINENSIS AB Pollen from five cultivars of pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] was analyzed for cytoplasmic lipid classes and constituent fatty acids. Lipid classes in all cultivars included free fatty acids, triglycerides, and the phosphatide of inositol, serine, choline, glycerol, and ethanolamine. Triglycerides were the predominant class of lipids in all cultivars analyzed. Gas chromatography and mass spectral analysis were used to identify and quantify the fatty acids, which included palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. Quantities of individual and total fatty acids varied greatly and were influenced significantly by cultivar, year, and location, as well as by interactions of main effects. The percent composition of individual fatty acids was remarkably stable, despite wide variation in quantities of fatty acids. Therefore, pollen fatty acid ratios may be a valuable measure of taxonomic relationship across Carya sp. Total fatty acids varied from 2.53 % to 0.25 % of dry weight. Variability in stored energy in the form of lipids may affect orchard production. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP THOMPSON, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PECAN GENET & BREEDING RES,ROUTE 2,BOX 133,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1993 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1191 EP 1193 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MQ378 UT WOS:A1993MQ37800017 ER PT J AU BANOWETZ, GM AF BANOWETZ, GM TI MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE PLANT CYTOKININ, CIS-ZEATIN RIBOSIDE SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID TRANS-ZEATIN; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; ISOPENTENYL ADENOSINE; IMMUNOASSAY; SAMPLES; RICE AB Three monoclonal antibodies (two IgG1 and one IgA) prepared against the plant cytokinin, cis-zeatin riboside, were characterized for use in a fluorescence competition enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (F-ELISA). Immunoassays that employed each antibody detected femtomole quantities of the homologous cytokinin and characteristic quantities of structurally-related cytokinins. One of the antibodies was used to quantify HPLC-purified cis- zeatin riboside recovered from spiked samples of wheat leaves. These are the first monoclonal antibodies against a cis- derivative of a plant cytokinin and will be useful for purification and quantification of cis-zeatin and the 9-riboside and 9-glucoside in plant samples. RP BANOWETZ, GM (reprint author), USDA,ARS,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0272-457X J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 729 EP 736 DI 10.1089/hyb.1993.12.729 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA MJ786 UT WOS:A1993MJ78600009 PM 8288272 ER PT J AU GBUREK, WJ PIONKE, HB AF GBUREK, WJ PIONKE, HB TI ANALYZING THE SHORT-TERM REDUCTION IN STREAMFLOW PH RESULTING FROM ACIDIC PRECIPITATION SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article AB The effects of acidic precipitation on stream chemistry were measured on an east-central Pennsylvania basin. When combined with flow and chemical mass balances, the data can help quantify hydrological source areas and their contributions to acidic storm hydrographs. For small storms on the well-buffered agricultural basin, small volumes of acidic precipitation falling directly on the stream surface react with more alkaline inflows from subsurface flow and surface runoff components to reduce streamflow pH temporarily by approximately one-half unit. During larger storms, the pH of surface runoff approaches that of precipitation, causing a relatively large acidic loading to the stream. However, this large input is buffered by a correspondingly larger subsurface flow component which results in stream pH reductions similar to those observed during the smaller events. Hydrological interpretations derived from a pH based mass balance are reinforced by a mass balance based on electrical conductivity and are consistent with the variable source area concept of basin hydrology. RP GBUREK, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,117 RES OFF BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O SARAH CAGE, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 6 BP 497 EP 518 DI 10.1080/02626669309492701 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA MM065 UT WOS:A1993MM06500003 ER PT J AU NEWMAN, SM MCDONALD, IC TRIEBOLD, B AF NEWMAN, SM MCDONALD, IC TRIEBOLD, B TI ANTENNAL SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA (LE-CONTE) (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) - MALE-SPECIFIC STRUCTURES, ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A UNIQUE SENSILLUM, AND SITES OF ESTERASE-ACTIVITY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT MORPHOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OLFACTION; PORE TUBULES; EPIDERMAL GLANDS ID PHEROMONE; CHEMORECEPTORS; YPONOMEUTIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; CATABOLISM; ONTOGENY; MOTHS AB Morphological and histochemical studies were performed on the flagellar antennal segments of adult Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae). The work was part of a program to investigate the biological significance of a soluble esterase (Est-a) found only in the antennae. Est-a was known to be produced initially in the distal flagellar segments and age-related increases in concentration have been recorded in male beetles in comparison to females. The ventral surface of the 5 distal segments of male antennae possess a field of raised, smooth cuticle having pit-like depressions. The pits contain unusual cup-shaped sensilla abundantly supplied with pore tubules, typical of those associated with olfactory processes in other species. The epicuticle of the cup sensilla is thin but lacks the pores commonly found in olfactory sensilla. The duct of at least one dermal gland opens into each pit. When sectioned antennae were stained for general esterase activity, it was the cells of the dermal glands that stained positive. The pit fields are unique to males. However, cup sensilla and dermal glands with esterase activity are present on female antennae and at sites outside the pit fields on male antennae. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the observed sensillum type functions in olfaction. The sensilla and associated glands in the pit fields of males may be involved in detection of the female-produced sex pheromone, 8-methyl-2-decyl propanoate. RP NEWMAN, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58103, USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7322 J9 INT J INSECT MORPHOL JI Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 535 EP 547 DI 10.1016/0020-7322(93)90039-4 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC672 UT WOS:A1993MC67200005 ER PT J AU FIDDLER, W PENSABENE, JW GATES, RA JAHNCKE, ML HALE, MB AF FIDDLER, W PENSABENE, JW GATES, RA JAHNCKE, ML HALE, MB TI ATLANTIC MENHADEN (BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS) MINCE AND SURIMI AS PARTIAL MEAT SUBSTITUTES IN FRANKFURTERS - EFFECT ON N-NITROSAMINE FORMATION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FISH; DIMETHYLAMINE; VOLATILE AB Studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of using Atlantic menhaden mince and surimi as partial meat substitutes for red meats in the formulation of frankfurters. The effects of the following factors on methylamine and volatile nitrosamine content in broiled frankfurters substituted with the menhaden were evaluated: fish form (washed and unwashed mince and surimi), percent substitution (15 and 50%), storage of fresh and frozen fish preprocessing (0-6 months), and refrigerated storage of frankfurters postprocessing (0-56 days). The overall results of these studies indicate that only trace levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine, the only volatile nitrosamine detected, were found in these frankfurters. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,PASCAGOULA,MS 39568. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,CHARLESTON,SC 29412. RP FIDDLER, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2238 EP 2241 DI 10.1021/jf00036a002 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MQ480 UT WOS:A1993MQ48000002 ER PT J AU CHRASTIL, J AF CHRASTIL, J TI CHANGES OF ORYZENIN AND STARCH DURING PREHARVEST MATURATION OF RICE GRAINS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; PROTEINS; PEPTIDES; MATURE AB Changes in oryzenin (rice storage protein) and starch during the preharvest maturation (14, 30, and 50 days after flowering) of rice grains have been studied. During the synthesis of oryzenin the cysteine content slightly decreased but the cystine bridges slightly increased. The average molecular weight of starch increased only slightly, but the average molecular weight of oryzenin decreased significantly (by 27%) during the studied maturing period. The oryzenin-starch equilibrium binding, which is important for the functional properties of cooked rice, increased during the preharvest period. The changes in oryzenin and its binding to starch in ripening rice were in sharp contrast to the changes in postharvest stored rice, which were always beneficial to the functional properties of the cooked rice grains. This reversed trend before and after harvest means that late harvest could be unfavorable to the functional properties of rice. RP CHRASTIL, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2242 EP 2244 DI 10.1021/jf00036a003 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MQ480 UT WOS:A1993MQ48000003 ER PT J AU CHRASTIL, J AF CHRASTIL, J TI ENZYME-ACTIVITIES IN PREHARVEST RICE GRAINS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MATURE AB The enzyme kinetic parameters (equilibria, specific rate constants, initial velocities, and diffusion resistance constants) of several different enzymes alpha-amylase, phospholipase c, acid phosphatase alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, and cytochrome c reductase) have been studied in the long-grain rice variety (Lemont) during the preharvest period (14, 30, and 50 days after flowering). During this period before harvest, the enzymic substrate inhibitors increased in all studied enzyme systems. The specific rate constants (activities) of alpha-amylase, phospholipase c, alkaline phosphatase, and peroxidase increased. On the other hand, the specific rate constant of acid phosphatase decreased and that of cytochrome c reductase remained unchanged during this ripening period. The changes were faster than, but qualitatively similar to, the changes in stored rice grains after harvest. Thus, there was no qualitative discontinuity in these parameters at and after harvest. RP CHRASTIL, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2245 EP 2248 DI 10.1021/jf00036a004 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MQ480 UT WOS:A1993MQ48000004 ER PT J AU PAULIS, JW PEPLINSKI, AJ BIETZ, JA NELSEN, TC BERGQUIST, RR AF PAULIS, JW PEPLINSKI, AJ BIETZ, JA NELSEN, TC BERGQUIST, RR TI RELATION OF KERNEL HARDNESS AND LYSINE TO ALCOHOL-SOLUBLE PROTEIN-COMPOSITION IN QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE HYBRIDS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAMMA-ZEIN; OPAQUE-2 MAIZE; ENDOSPERM; QUANTITATION; SINGLE AB High-lysine opaque-2 (o2) maize is floury, but quality protein maize (QPM) o2 hybrids have harder endosperm. We related kernel density, vitreosity, weight, grinding time, and lysine content to protein compositions in o2 x QPM crosses. Density distributions of Mo17 o2 x Pool 29 QPM and B73 o2 x Population 61 QPM differed from F-2 to F-3 and with direction of cross. Kernels with paternal QPM (one dose) were denser than reciprocal (two QPM doses) crosses. Density correlated with vitreosity in F-2 and F-3 kernels (r = 0.57). Grinding time correlated with density (r = 0.66) and vitreosity (r = 0.72). RP-HPLC showed prolamin amounts to correlate significantly with density, vitreosity, and grinding time. Significant interactions among generation, genotype, and density also occurred. Results varied with inbred and o2 source. With QPM maternal and o2 paternal parents, progeny had 16-40% less prolamin and more lysine. RP-HPLC of segregating Fg and Fa kernels will help explain genetic control of endosperm development and lysine content. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,MWA,PEORIA,IL 61604. PFISTER HYBRID CORN CO,EL PASO,IL 61738. RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2249 EP 2253 DI 10.1021/jf00036a005 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MQ480 UT WOS:A1993MQ48000005 ER PT J AU TEPASKE, MR POWELL, RG CLEMENT, SL AF TEPASKE, MR POWELL, RG CLEMENT, SL TI ANALYSES OF SELECTED ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED GRASSES FOR THE PRESENCE OF LOLINE-TYPE AND ERGOT-TYPE ALKALOIDS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; ERGOPEPTINE ALKALOIDS; HOST ASSOCIATIONS; FORAGE GRASSES; N-FORMYL; ACCUMULATION; FESTUCA; PEPTIDE; ACETYL AB Selected endophyte-free and endophyte-infected grasses from the genera Festuca, Lolium, Hordeum, Stipa, and Poa were analyzed for the presence of loline- and ergot-type alkaloids. Loline alkaloids were analyzed by capillary GC, and ergot-type alkaloids were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC. None of the endophyte-free samples contained detectable levels of either of these alkaloid types. Endophyte-infected grass samples gave widely variable alkaloid concentrations. N-Formylloline was the predominant loline alkaloid, and ergovaline was usually the predominant ergot-type alkaloid in these samples. C1 NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,AGR RES SERV,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GERMPLASM INTRODUCT & TESTING RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 30 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2299 EP 2303 DI 10.1021/jf00036a015 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MQ480 UT WOS:A1993MQ48000015 ER PT J AU GERARD, HC FETT, WF MOREAU, RA OSMAN, SF MILLER, RL AF GERARD, HC FETT, WF MOREAU, RA OSMAN, SF MILLER, RL TI CHEMICAL AND ENZYMATIC INVESTIGATION OF THE LEAF CUTICLE OF PEAR GENOTYPES DIFFERING IN RESISTANCE TO PEAR PSYLLA SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LEAVES; QUANTITATION; SEPARATION; BEHAVIOR; MONOMERS; ACID AB The composition and structure of dewaxed cuticular membranes of three genotypes of pear (Pyrus spp.) leaves differing in resistance to attack by pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola Forester) were studied by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. The amount of chloroform/methanol-soluble material obtained after hydrolysis by methanolic KOH (indicative of leaf cuticle thickness) was inversely proportional to the relative degree of insect resistance. HPLC and GC/MS analyses were used to identify and quantify the fatty acids and phenolics present in the extracts. The major cutin monomer of all three genotypes was 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid. Enzymatic hydrolysis with three commercial lipases and a cutinase isolated from Nectria haematococca indicated that there were structural differences among the dewaxed cuticular membranes of the pear genotypes. RP GERARD, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2437 EP 2441 DI 10.1021/jf00036a043 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MQ480 UT WOS:A1993MQ48000043 ER PT J AU KHOSHKHOO, N HEDIN, PA MCCARTY, JC AF KHOSHKHOO, N HEDIN, PA MCCARTY, JC TI EFFECTS OF BIOREGULATORS ON THE TERPENOID ALDEHYDES IN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE INFECTED COTTON PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; ALLELOCHEMICALS; TOBACCO; ACID AB Four naturally occurring and two synthetic plant growth bioregulators were surveyed for their effects on terpenoid aldehydes (TAs) that have been associated with defense mechanisms against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood (RKN) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), Pix (BAS 083 = mepiquat chloride = 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride), and Burst (a mixture of cytokinins) increased the terpenoid aldehyde content of cotton roots, whereas kinetin [6-(furfurylamino)purine], indole-3-acetic acid, and gibberellic acid (2,4a,7-trihydroxyl-methyl-8-methylene-4b-gibb-3-ene- 1,10-dicarboxylic acid 1,4a-lactone) had either no significant effect on the TAs or decreased them. If the plants were inoculated with RKN, additional amounts of root gossypol and hemigossypolone were induced by the treatments with salicylic acid, Pix, and Burst. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2442 EP 2446 DI 10.1021/jf00036a044 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MQ480 UT WOS:A1993MQ48000044 ER PT J AU BROWN, MA BROWN, AH JACKSON, WG MIESNER, JR AF BROWN, MA BROWN, AH JACKSON, WG MIESNER, JR TI GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN POSTWEANING PERFORMANCE TO YEARLING IN ANGUS, BRAHMAN, AND RECIPROCAL-CROSS CALVES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; GENOTYPES; ENVIRONMENT; FORAGE; HETEROSIS; MATERNAL EFFECTS ID INTERACTIONS INVOLVING PROPORTION; 5 BREED DIALLEL; HEREFORD CATTLE; GROWTH; HEIFERS; SIZE; TRAITS; BIRTH; SEASON; HEIGHT AB Data from 431 Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross calves were used to evaluate performance from weaning to yearling in calves managed during the winter on dormant common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue (backgrounding environments). Calves on bermudagrass were weaned at heavier weights ( P < . 0 1) but gained less postweaning (P < .01). Weights at 365 d, 365-d hip heights, and 365-d weight:height ratios were similar between calves on different backgrounding environments averaged over breed. There was evidence that heterosis for postweaning ADG was larger in calves managed on endophyte-infected tall fescue (P < .05), but heterosis estimates for 205-d weight, 365-d weight, 365-d hip height, and 365-d weight:height were similar between backgrounding environments. Maternal and direct effects did not significantly interact with backgrounding environment, but there was a trend for maternal effects of 205-d weight, 365-d weight, and 365-d weight:height to be larger on the common bermudagrass environment than on the tall fescue environment. There was also a trend for direct breed effects for postweaning ADG and 365-d hip height to be larger on the common bermudagrass environment. These data indicated that genetic effects may vary with production environment and that consideration should be given to environment when developing crossbreeding systems. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP BROWN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 71 IS 12 BP 3273 EP 3279 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MK987 UT WOS:A1993MK98700010 PM 8294278 ER PT J AU ARBONA, JR KOOHMARAIE, M AF ARBONA, JR KOOHMARAIE, M TI TECHNICAL NOTE - QUANTIFICATION OF MULTICATALYTIC PROTEINASE COMPLEX (PROTEASOME) ACTIVITY BY ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE MULTICATALYTIC PROTEINASE; BOVINE; SKELETAL MUSCLE; CHROMATOGRAPHY ID LENS NEUTRAL ENDOPEPTIDASE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RAT-LIVER; PURIFICATION; PITUITARY; BOVINE AB Within 1 h after slaughter, two 10-g samples of longissimus muscle were obtained from four crossbred beef cattle. Samples were homogenized in three or six volumes of extraction solution that consisted of 50 mM Tris base, 10 mM EDTA, and 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, pH adjusted to 8.3 with 6 N HCI. After centrifugation the supernatant from the three-volume extract was fractionated by addition of solid (NH4) 2SO4. Proteins that precipitate between 40 and 65% (NH4) 2SO4 were dialyzed and then loaded onto a DEAE-Sephacel column and eluted with a continuous gradient of NaCl from 100 to 400 mM (125 mL of each; Method A). The six-volume extract was loaded onto a DEAE-Sephacel column and eluted with a continuous gradient of NaCl from 0 to 350 mM (250 mL of each; Method B). Total peptidase activity eluted from the column was determined using the synthetic peptide N-CBZ-Gly-Gly-Leu-p-nitroanilide. Method B yielded greater multicatalytic proteinase complex (MCP) activities (picomoles of p-nitroaniline released/hour-1) per gram of muscle (1,538.25 +/- 105.15) than did Method A (1,195.05 +/-86.55; P < .05). In addition, Method B permitted the quantification of calpain activity from the same fractions eluted. The relationship between enzyme activity and assay time (up to 45 min) and protein concentration (up to 10 mug) in the assay was linear. Studies indicated that the optimum temperature is in the range of 50 to 60-degrees-C and the optimum pH in the range of 7.5 to 8.5. Also, MCP activity was unaffected by postmortem aging up to 14 d. This procedure should be beneficial to elucidate further the role of MCP in muscle growth and protein turnover. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 71 IS 12 BP 3301 EP 3306 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MK987 UT WOS:A1993MK98700014 PM 8294281 ER PT J AU GUTHRIE, HD PURSEL, VG BOLT, DJ COOPER, BS AF GUTHRIE, HD PURSEL, VG BOLT, DJ COOPER, BS TI EXPRESSION OF A BOVINE GROWTH-HORMONE TRANSGENE INHIBITS PREGNANT MARES SERUM GONADOTROPIN-INDUCED FOLLICLE MATURATION IN PREPUBERAL GILTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENE EXPRESSION; FOLLICLES; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; INHIBIN; PIGS ID FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR-I; GRANULOSA; INJECTIONS; PLASMA; CELLS; PIGS AB Prepuberal gilts were injected with PMSG to determine whether expression of a bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgene inhibited preovulatory maturation of ovarian follicles. Seven transgenic (TG) gilts of line 3706, which expresses a mouse metallothionein-bGH transgene, and eight nontransgenic, control (C) gilts (128 to 147 d old) were injected with PMSG, 12.5 IU/kg BW, 72 h before necropsy. Surface ovarian follicles greater-than-or-equal-to 1 mm in diameter were counted, measured for diameter, and aspirated for fluid. Follicles were classified morphologically as healthy or atretic and those with follicular fluid estradiol-17beta greater-than-or-equal-to 100 ng/mL were classified as estrogenactive (EA). The number of follicles per gilt was 64.3 +/- 6.1 (mean +/- SEM) and did not differ significantly between bGH-TG and C gilts. The PMSG treatment induced growth of large (> 5 mm) follicles in both bGH-TG and C gilts. However, compared with C gilts, bGH-TG gilts had fewer ( P < .0 5) large follicles (5.9 +/- 1.5 vs 18.3 +/- 5.4), a lower proportion of EA large follicles (35 +/- 12.5 vs 69 +/- 13.2%), and in large follicles less (P < .05) estradiol-17beta (86 +/- 17 vs 350 +/- 69 ng/mL) and androstenedione (300 +/- 33 vs 1,283 +/- 221 ng/mL). Follicular fluid progesterone and inhibin did not differ significantly between bGH-TG and C gilts. The incidence of atresia among small and medium follicles did not differ significantly between bGH-TG and C gilts. These results indicate that chronic, unregulated expression of a bGH transgene in prepuberal gilts inhibited follicle growth in response to administration of PMSG and may have blocked estradiol-17beta production in vivo by inhibiting theca interna androgen production. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GUTHRIE, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 71 IS 12 BP 3409 EP 3413 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MK987 UT WOS:A1993MK98700028 PM 8294295 ER PT J AU YANG, CMJ RUSSELL, JB AF YANG, CMJ RUSSELL, JB TI THE EFFECT OF MONENSIN SUPPLEMENTATION ON RUMINAL AMMONIA ACCUMULATION IN-VIVO AND THE NUMBERS OF AMINO ACID-FERMENTING BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IONOPHORES; PROTEIN; AMINO ACIDS; AMMONIA; MONENSIN; RUMEN ID PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; MICROBIAL PROTEIN; RUMEN; FERMENTATION; PEPTIDES; CATTLE; DIGESTION; INVITRO; MICROORGANISMS; CARBOHYDRATE AB When nonlactating Holstein cows (685 +/- 59 kg) were fed chopped timothy hay (9% CP, 7.0 kg/d) 12 times daily, the steady-state ruminal ammonia concentration was 2.6 mM, and the specific activity of ammonia production by mixed ruminal bacteria was 27.4 nmol/mg of protein-1.min-1. The addition of soybean meal (53% CP, 1 or 2 kg/d) to the basal diet caused a linear increase in ruminal ammonia (7.0 and 12.4 mM, respectively; P < .001), but there was only a small increase in the specific activity of ammonia production (30.7 and 33.8 nmol/mg of protein-1.min-1, respectively; P < .05). The addition of monensin (350 mg/d) to the diets caused more than a 30% decrease (P < .01) in ruminal ammonia at all levels of soybean supplementation, and there was a similar decrease (P < .001) in the specific activity of ammonia production. Before monensin addition, the most probable number of bacteria that could utilize peptides and amino acids, but not carbohydrates, as an energy source for growth was 5.8 to 7.0 x 10(6)/mL. When monensin was added to the diets, these bacteria decreased (P < .001) nearly 10-fold. Based on these results, it seemed that monensin inhibited highly active amino acid-fermenting ruminal bacteria, and this inhibition, in turn, decreased ruminal amino acid deamination and ammonia production. Because monensin did not increase soluble protein, peptides, or amino acids in ruminal fluid, it did not seem that the decrease in ammonia increased flow of dietary amino N to the lower gut. However, monensin increased (P < .05) the concentration of bacterial protein in ruminal fluid, which could provide additional amino N for animals. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,WING HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 47 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 71 IS 12 BP 3470 EP 3476 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MK987 UT WOS:A1993MK98700036 PM 8294302 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP SCHMUGGE, TJ HUMES, KS JACKSON, TJ PARRY, R WELTZ, MA MORAN, MS AF KUSTAS, WP SCHMUGGE, TJ HUMES, KS JACKSON, TJ PARRY, R WELTZ, MA MORAN, MS TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EVAPORATIVE FRACTION AND REMOTELY-SENSED VEGETATION INDEX AND MICROWAVE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE FOR SEMIARID RANGELANDS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL CANOPY COVER; SOIL-MOISTURE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ENERGY; FIELD; LAND; EMISSION; BALANCE; MODEL AB Measurements of the microwave brightness temperature (TB) with the Pushbroom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR) over the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed were made on selected days during the MONSOON 90 field campaign. The PBMR is an L-band instrument (21-cm wavelength) that can provide estimates of near-surface soil moisture over a variety of surfaces. Aircraft observations in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths collected on selected days also were used to compute a vegetation index. Continuous micrometeorological measurements and daily soil moisture samples were obtained al eight locations during the experimental period. Two sites were instrumented with time domain reflectometry probes to monitor the soil moisture profile. The fraction of available energy used for evapotranspiration was computed by taking the ratio of latent heat flux (LE) to the sum of net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G). This ratio is commonly called the evaporative fraction (EF) and normally varies between 0 and 1 under daytime convective conditions with minimal advection. (-)A wide range of environmental conditions existed during the field campaign, resulting in average EF values for the study area varying from 0.4 to 0.8 and values of TB ranging from 220 to 280 K. Comparison between measured TB and EF for the eight locations showed an inverse relationship with a significant correlation (r(2) = 0.69). Other days were included in the analysis by estimating TB with the soil moisture data. Because transpiration from the vegetation is more strongly coupled to root zone soil moisture, significant scatter in this relationship existed at high values of TB or dry near-surface soil moisture conditions. It caused a substantial reduction in the correlation with r(2) = 0.40 or only 40% of the variation in EF being explained by TB. The variation in EF under dry near-surface soil moisture conditions was correlated to the amount of vegetation cover estimated with a remotely sensed vegetation index. These findings indicate that information obtained from optical and microwave data can be used for quantifying the energy balance of semiarid areas. The microwave data can indicate when soil evaporation is significantly contributing to EF, while the optical data is helpful for quantifying the spatial variation in EF due to the distribution of vegetation cover. C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ. USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ. RP KUSTAS, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 56 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1781 EP 1790 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1781:RBEFAR>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ML882 UT WOS:A1993ML88200001 ER PT J AU LUGO, AE WAIDE, RB AF LUGO, AE WAIDE, RB TI CATASTROPHIC AND BACKGROUND DISTURBANCE OF TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS AT THE LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST SO JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) Symposium CY DEC, 1991 CL KYOTO, JAPAN DE DISTURBANCE; MORTALITY; TROPICAL FOREST; LANDSLIDES; HURRICANES ID HURRICANE HUGO; PUERTO-RICO; RAIN-FOREST AB The forests of the Luquillo Experimental Forest Long-Term Ecological Research site are subject to low-intensity, widespread disturbance that establishes levels of background mortality that contrast with periodic catastrophic mortality resulting from hurricanes and landslides. Although catastrophic mortality is more dramatic, background mortality is still more important in determining population turnover, However, catastrophic mortality may still be an important agent in determining ecosystem structure. Catastrophic disturbances affect forest function in many ways besides mortality, some of which are only apparent in the context of long-term studies. Since most ecosystems are subject to some form of catastrophic disturbance, general principles can be derived from comparative studies of disturbance in different systems. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,DIV TERR ECOL,SAN JUAN,PR 00936. RP LUGO, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-5991 J9 J BIOSCIENCE JI J. Biosci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 4 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.1007/BF02703080 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA MY089 UT WOS:A1993MY08900004 ER PT J AU WANG, YZ LI, H BRUNS, ME USKOKOVIC, M TRUITT, GA HORST, R REINHARDT, T CHRISTAKOS, S AF WANG, YZ LI, H BRUNS, ME USKOKOVIC, M TRUITT, GA HORST, R REINHARDT, T CHRISTAKOS, S TI EFFECT OF 1,25,28-TRIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D2 AND 1,24,25-TRIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 ON INTESTINAL CALBINDIN-D(9K) MESSENGER-RNA AND PROTEIN - IS THERE A CORRELATION WITH INTESTINAL CALCIUM-TRANSPORT SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LEUKEMIC-CELL GROWTH; VITAMIN-D ANALOGS; BINDING-PROTEIN; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; DIFFERENTIATION; ABSORPTION; METABOLITE; INVITRO; INVIVO; 26-HOMO-1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 AB Although analogs and metabolites of vitamin D have been tested for their calciotropic activity, very little information has been available concerning the effects of these compounds on gene expression. In this study one analog of vitamin D2 1,25,28-trihydroxyvitamin D2 [1,25,28-(OH)3D2], and one metabolite, 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3, [1,24,25-(OH)3D3], were tested for their effect on intestinal calbindin-D9K mRNA and protein as well as for their effect on intestinal calcium absorption and bone calcium mobilization. These compounds were also evaluated for their ability to compete for rat intestinal 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor sites and to induce differentiation of human leukemia (HL-60) cells as indicated by reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium. In vivo studies involved intrajugular injection of 12.5 ng 1,25-(OH)2D3 or test compound to vitamin D-deficient rats and sacrifice after 18 h. 1,25,28-Trihydroxyvitamin D2 had no effect on intestinal calcium absorption, bone calcium mobilization, or intestinal calbindin-D9K Protein and mRNA. Competitive binding to 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptors was 0.8% of that observed using 1,25-(OH)2D3. However, 20- and 40-fold higher doses of 1,25,28-(OH)3D2 (250 and 500 ng) resulted in significant inductions in calbindin-D9K protein and mRNA (3.5 to 7.4-fold), although doses as high as 800 ng were found to have no effect on intestinal calcium absorption or bone calcium mobilization. 1,25,28-Trihydroxyvitamin D2, although lacking in calciotropic activity, was found to induce differentiation of HL-60 cells at high concentrations [ED50 = 15 x 10(-8) M compared to ED50 = 2.5 x 10(-8) M for 1,25-(OH)2D3]. 1,24,25-Trihydroxyvitamin D3 was 93% as active as 1,25-(OH)2D3 in stimulating intestinal calcium transport but was relatively inactive in stimulating bone calcium mobilization. Competitive binding to the 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor was 8% of that observed using 1,25-(OH)2D3. Although 1,24,25-(OH)3D3 was 93% as active as 1,25-(OH)2D3 in stimulating intestinal calcium absorption, this compound was found to be 50% as active as 1,25-(OH)2D3 in stimulating calbindin-D9K protein and mRNA. The lack of a direct correlation between calbindin protein and mRNA and intestinal calcium transport after 1,24,25-(OH)3D3 administration or after administration of high doses of 1,25,28-(OH)3D2 suggests that factors in addition to calbindin are involved, at least in part, in vitamin D-regulated intestinal calcium transport. C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,185 S ORANGE AVE,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,GRAD SCH BIOMED SCI,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. USDA ARS,NADC,AMES,IA 50010. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-38961] NR 52 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1483 EP 1490 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MH552 UT WOS:A1993MH55200010 PM 8304050 ER PT J AU ALDRICH, JR WAITE, GK MOORE, C PAYNE, JA LUSBY, WR KOCHANSKY, JP AF ALDRICH, JR WAITE, GK MOORE, C PAYNE, JA LUSBY, WR KOCHANSKY, JP TI MALE-SPECIFIC VOLATILES FROM NEARCTIC AND AUSTRALASIAN TRUE BUGS (HETEROPTERA, COREIDAE AND ALYDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEMIPTERA; COREIDAE; PHEROMONE; ATTRACTANT; SCENT GLANDS; ALLOMONE; (E)-NEROLIDOL; BIOCONTROL; CHIRALITY; ENANTIOMERS ID PHEROMONE BLENDS; STINK BUGS; BEAN BUG; PENTATOMIDAE; HEMIPTERA; CHEMISTRY AB Aeration and exocrine gland extracts were analyzed for three Coreidae and two Alydidae. Males of all the species studied emit volatile blends that are probably pheromones, but sexual communication in these insects evolved differently. In the alydids, Riptortus serripes and Mirperus scutellaris, the metathoracic scent glands are sexually dimorphic, and the dimorphisms are expressed chemically. Secretions from the male alydids contain high concentrations of esters or alcohols [e.g., (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, and (E)-2-octenol], while females produce mainly acids and aldehydes [e.g., butyric and hexanoic acids, and (E)-2-hexenal]. In the coreids, Amblypelta lutescens lutescens, Amblypelta nitida, and Leptoglossus phyllopus, the metathoracic scent glands are not sexually dimorphic, but male- and species-specific volatiles are released, apparently from cells in the cuticular epidermis. The coreid male-specific volatiles are primarily monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, including (-)-(3R)-(E)-nerolidol as the major component from A. lutescens lutescens (an Australasian species) and L. phyllopus (a Nearctic species). Only (+)-(3S)-(E)-nerolidol is commonly found in plants so (E)-nerolidol from these coreids is environmentally unique because of its chirality. C1 QUEENSLAND DEPT PRIMARY IND,MAROOCHY HORT RES STN,NAMBOUR,QLD 4560,AUSTRALIA. QUEENSLAND DEPT PRIMARY IND,ANIM RES INST,YEERONGPILLY,QLD 4105,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. USDA ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ALDRICH, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BLDG 007,AGR RES CTR W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2767 EP 2781 DI 10.1007/BF00980582 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN990 UT WOS:A1993MN99000001 PM 24248775 ER PT J AU KHRIMIAN, AP DEMILO, AB WATERS, RM CUNNINGHAM, RT LEONHARDT, BA AF KHRIMIAN, AP DEMILO, AB WATERS, RM CUNNINGHAM, RT LEONHARDT, BA TI SYNTHESIS OF ATTRACTANTS FOR ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY DACUS-DORSALIS HENDEL USING A CATALYTIC ORGANOCOPPER COUPLING REACTION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY; DACUS DORSALIS HENDEL; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; METHYL EUGENOL ANALOGS; SYNTHESIS; COUPLING REACTION; BENZYLIC BROMIDES; ATTRACTANTS; LURES ID SINGLE-SENSILLUM RECORDINGS; PHEROMONE COMPONENT; (Z)-5-DECENYL ACETATE; AGROTIS-SEGETUM; TURNIP MOTH; TEPHRITIDAE; SAFROLE; DIPTERA; SUBSTITUTION; ESTRAGOLE AB A general synthetic approach to various catechol derivatives was developed using a copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 1,2-dimethoxy-4-bromomethyl, 1-ethoxy-2-methoxy-4-bromomethyl- and 2-ethoxy-1-methoxy-4-bromomethylbenzenes with Grignard reagents. Dilithium tetrachlorocuprate was an acceptable catalyst in the dimethoxy series, whereas copper(I) iodide in THF-HMPA was a superior catalyst in all cases due to decreased side reactions, i.e., reduction and reductive coupling. Methyl-substituted analogs of methyl eugenol, a potent attractant of Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, were synthesized by this method and evaluated for attractancy in held tests. C1 USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. RP KHRIMIAN, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2935 EP 2946 DI 10.1007/BF00980593 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN990 UT WOS:A1993MN99000012 PM 24248786 ER PT J AU ROBACKER, DC WARFIELD, WC AF ROBACKER, DC WARFIELD, WC TI ATTRACTION OF BOTH SEXES OF MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY, ANASTREPHA LUDENS, TO A MIXTURE OF AMMONIA, METHYLAMINE, AND PUTRESCINE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATTRACTANTS; MEXICAN FRUIT FLY; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; ANASTREPHA LUDENS; AMMONIA; METHYLAMINE; PUTRESCINE ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA AB Eight chemicals were evaluated in laboratory experiments as attractants for sugar-fed adult Mexican fruit flies. Ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, ethanolamine, pyrrolidine, putrescine, and monomethyl succinate were slightly attractive when tested singly. A mixture containing all eight chemicals was much more attractive than any of the individual chemicals. Through a series of experiments, a mixture of three of the chemicals was found that was at least as attractive as the original eight-component mixture. The final mixture consisted of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine in a 10:10:1 ratio. Ratios were less important than actual concentrations of individual components over the range of component concentrations tested. The three-component mixture was equally attractive to male and female dies over at least a 1000-fold range of concentrations and was slightly more attractive than Torula yeast over the upper 10-fold range in competing McPhail traps in a greenhouse flight chamber. RP ROBACKER, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 9 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2999 EP 3016 DI 10.1007/BF00980598 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN990 UT WOS:A1993MN99000017 PM 24248791 ER PT J AU PONCE, WP NATION, JL EMMEL, TC SMITTLE, BJ TEAL, PEA AF PONCE, WP NATION, JL EMMEL, TC SMITTLE, BJ TEAL, PEA TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF PHEROMONE PRODUCTION IN IRRADIATED CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY MALES, ANASTREPHA SUSPENSE (LOEW) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA SUSPENSA; FRUIT FLY; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; PHEROMONE; IRRADIATION; BETA-BISABOLENE; ANASTREPHIN; EPIANASTREPHIN; SUSPENSOLIDE; (Z)-3-NINENOL; (Z, Z)-3,6-NONADIENOL ID DIPTERA-TEPHRITIDAE; LACTONE COMPONENTS; COMPETITIVENESS; EPIANASTREPHIN; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTION; RELEASE; BLEND; FLIES; PUPAE AB Pheromonal volatiles emitted by irradiated and control 5- to 11-day-old Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), were collected on Tenax adsorbent filters and quantified by gas chromatography (GC). The components released were identified by comparison of retention times on GC and by mass spectrometry (MS) with authentic synthetic standards. Pharate adults were irradiated with gamma rays from a Co-60 source at a dose rate of 10.3 Gray (Gy)/min. The total dosages given were 30, 50, 70, and 100 Gy. Pheromone volatiles were collected from adult males when they were between 5 and 11 days of age. The compounds quantified were (Z)-3-nonenol and (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienol, which eluted from the GC column together and were quantified as one peak, beta-bisabolene, suspensolide, anastrephin, and epianastrephin. Irradiation with 30 Gy did not significantly reduce any pheromonal components, nor did it change the pheromonal blend. In contrast, suspensolide and bisabolene were significantly reduced in flies irradiated with 50 Gy, while the nonenols and epianastrephin were reduced at the 70-Gy dose. Irradiation with the 100-Gy dose reduced all components with the exception of suspensolide. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ZOOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA,DIV PLANT IND,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. USDA,BASIC BIOL BEHAV & PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 19 IS 12 BP 3045 EP 3056 DI 10.1007/BF00980601 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN990 UT WOS:A1993MN99000020 PM 24248794 ER PT J AU SELISKAR, DM HUETTEL, RN AF SELISKAR, DM HUETTEL, RN TI NEMATODE INVOLVEMENT IN THE DIEOUT OF AMMOPHILA-BREVILIGULATA (POACEAE) ON THE MID-ATLANTIC COASTAL DUNES OF THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AMERICAN BEACHGRASS; PATHOGEN; TRILINEELLUS; MELOIDOGYNE; XIPHINEMA; LONGIDORUS; PRATYLENCHUS; HOPLOLAIMUS; HELICOTYLENCHUS ID SOIL ORGANISMS; ARENARIA; DEGENERATION AB Ammophila breviligulata, American beachgrass, is the major stabilizing plant of the north and mid-Atlantic coastal dunes of the United States. During the past 15 years, A. breviligulata has experienced a dieout along the Atlantic seaboard with the coast of the state of Delaware being particularly devastated. Several abiotic and biotic factors have been contributed as possible causes of this dieout but none have proven conclusive. This study focused on the presence of plant parasitic nematodes and their relationship with A. breviligulata and other plant species that inhabit the dunes. Seven genera of plant parasitic nematodes were identified from two locations in Delaware. Two new undescribed species of Trilineellus and Meloidogyne were isolated from soil around A. breviligulata. Other genera include Xiphinema sp., Longidorus sp., Pratylenchus penetrans, Hoplolaimus sp., Helicotylenchus digonicus and Helicotylenchus multicinus. Most of these species have been shown to cause suppressed growth and root damage on corn and related grasses and were found in large enough numbers around beachgrass to account for symptoms associated with the dieout of this species. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SELISKAR, DM (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,HALOPHYTE BIOL LAB,LEWES,DE 19958, USA. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA KW242 UT WOS:A1993KW24200008 ER PT J AU BLAYLOCK, JR BLISARD, WN AF BLAYLOCK, JR BLISARD, WN TI WOMEN AND THE DEMAND FOR ALCOHOL - ESTIMATING PARTICIPATION AND CONSUMPTION SO JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-MODELS; BIAS AB Demand models which are alternatives to the widely used Tobit model are specified and estimated. These alternative models allow the consumer to choose whether or not to participate in a particular market, and if so, to choose the level of consumption. This approach is contrasted to the Tobit model which assumes all consumers are potential users of a good and that consumption levels and market participation are influenced by the same variables in the same way. RP BLAYLOCK, JR (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 114 N MURRAY ST, MADISON, WI 53715 SN 0022-0078 J9 J CONSUM AFF JI J. Consum. Aff. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 319 EP 334 PG 16 WC Business; Economics SC Business & Economics GA MG289 UT WOS:A1993MG28900007 ER PT J AU LINO, M AF LINO, M TI THE ECONOMICS OF PROHIBITION - THORNTON,M SO JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review RP LINO, M (reprint author), USDA,FAMILY ECON RES GRP,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 114 N MURRAY ST, MADISON, WI 53715 SN 0022-0078 J9 J CONSUM AFF JI J. Consum. Aff. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 433 EP 436 PG 4 WC Business; Economics SC Business & Economics GA MG289 UT WOS:A1993MG28900018 ER PT J AU TUNICK, MH MALIN, EL SMITH, PW SHIEH, JJ SULLIVAN, BC MACKEY, KL HOLSINGER, VH AF TUNICK, MH MALIN, EL SMITH, PW SHIEH, JJ SULLIVAN, BC MACKEY, KL HOLSINGER, VH TI PROTEOLYSIS AND RHEOLOGY OF LOW-FAT AND FULL-FAT MOZZARELLA CHEESES PREPARED FROM HOMOGENIZED MILK SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HOMOGENIZATION; MOZZARELLA CHEESE; PROTEOLYSIS; RHEOLOGY ID THERMOPHILUS; MANUFACTURE; BULGARICUS; TECHNOLOGY; STORAGE; TEXTURE AB The theological and proteolytic characteristics of low fat and full fat Mozzarella cheeses made from milk homogenized at 10,300 and 17,200 kPa were compared with those of cheeses prepared from nonhomogenized milk. Half of the samples were cooked at 45.9 degrees C and half at 32.4 degrees C; the lower temperature resulted in higher moisture in nonfat substance. alpha(s)1-Casein partially degraded to alpha(s)1-I-casein in the cheeses cooked at the lower temperature during 6 wk of refrigerated storage. Except for the 17,200-kPa cheese, proteolysis was dependent on moisture in nonfat substance. Hardness increased with homogenization pressure and decreased with fat percentage and moisture in nonfat substance. Meltability was aided by storage and hindered by fat reduction, higher cooking temperature, and homogenization. Storage modulus decreased during storage and increased with pressure and cooking temperature. A low fat Mozzarella having textural and melting properties comparable with those of a normal high fat cheese can be prepared using homogenized milk, a lower preparation temperature, and refrigerated storage. RP TUNICK, MH (reprint author), US ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 25 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 12 BP 3621 EP 3628 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77703-6 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MT269 UT WOS:A1993MT26900001 ER PT J AU MORAGUTIERREZ, A FARRELL, HM BASCH, JJ KUMOSINSKI, TF AF MORAGUTIERREZ, A FARRELL, HM BASCH, JJ KUMOSINSKI, TF TI MODELING CALCIUM-INDUCED SOLUBILITY IN CAPRINE MILK CASEINS USING A THERMODYNAMIC LINKAGE APPROACH SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM BINDING; CAPRINE CASEIN; ALPHA(S1)-CASEIN; THERMODYNAMIC LINKAGE ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INDUCED ASSOCIATIONS; GOAT MILK; ALPHA-S1-CASEIN; BINDING; POLYMORPHISM; SUBMICELLES; STABILITY; MICELLES; IONS AB The phenomena of calcium-induced precipitation of bovine and caprine whole caseins (salting out) and the resolubilization of these proteins at higher calcium concentrations (salting in) are thermodynamically linked with changes in protein solubility resulting from calcium binding. The differences in calcium sensitivities of caprine whole caseins under various conditions of temperature and ionic strength (KCl) appear to be correlated with the content of the alpha(s1)-casein component. However, the solubility behavior of caprine whole caseins characterized by low content of alpha(s1)-casein (5% of total) is more closely related to solubility properties displayed by bovine casein (38% of total). The properties of whole caprine casein high in alpha(s1)-casein content (17% of total) appear to be dominated by the binding of calcium to higher affinity sites phosphate groups), which results in less stability. Decreasing the temperature to 1 degrees(C) dramatically altered the salting out of both caprine caseins but not bovine casein. These results suggested that the solubility and calcium-binding properties of caprine whole caseins are in part determined by hydrophobic interactions. However, salting out of both of the caprine caseins is effected by competitive K+-Ca2+ binding at 1 degrees C, indicating a role for ionic interactions as well. Because such KCl-dependent changes do not occur in whole bovine caseins, protein-protein interactions appear to be stronger in this case. These results show that alteration in casein composition can clearly effect the functionality of the whole casein and that thermodynamic linkage analysis can readily quantitate these differences that are linked to calcium binding. C1 US ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,COOPERAT AGR RES CTR,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 12 BP 3698 EP 3710 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77712-7 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MT269 UT WOS:A1993MT26900010 ER PT J AU FARRELL, HM WICKHAM, ED SEERY, VL KUMOSINSKI, TF AF FARRELL, HM WICKHAM, ED SEERY, VL KUMOSINSKI, TF TI REGULATION OF THE SOLUBLE FORM OF NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE-SPECIFIC ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM LACTATING BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND - EFFECTS OF METABOLITES ON ACTIVITY AND STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ENZYME REGULATION; LIPID SYNTHESIS; MILK SECRETION ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM SPECTROSCOPY; PIG-HEART; NADP+; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; ENZYMES; CITRATE AB The cystolic form of NADP(+): isocitrate dehydrogenase, a primary source of the NADPH required for de novo fatty acid synthesis in lactating bovine mammary gland, was studied to determine possible mechanisms of regulation by metabolites. The enzymatic reduction of NADP(+) exhibits lag-burst (hysteretic) kinetics that are eliminated by the noncatalytic binding of the substrate, a complex (1:1) of a metal ion (Mn2(+) or Mg2(+)) and isocitrate. Preincubation of the enzyme with metal-citrate complex also nearly abolished the lag or activation time. In steady-state experiments, experiments, analyses of velocity versus metal-citrate complex as a binding isotherm, following the assumptions of Wyman's theory of thermodynamic linkage, showed that binding of metal-citrate complex could both stimulate and inhibit the enzyme. This analysis suggested hyperactivation by binding to sites with an average dissociation constant of 3.83 mM, and modulation (reactivation) by binding to sites with an average dissociation constant of 1.54 mM. Conformational changes induced by the binding of ligands were assessed using circular dichroism. The results suggest that binding of metal-isocitrate induces a conformational transition involving tyrosyl residues that is related to the altered kinetic processes. Reexamination of Michaelis-Menten kinetics using nonlinear regression analysis also demonstrated hyperactivation of enzyme activity by metal-isocitrate with a dissociation constant equal to 21 mu M (which is nearly seven times greater than the Michaelis constant). Concentration ranges observed for these transitions are compatible with physiological conditions, suggesting that complexes of metal-citrate and metal-isocitrate serve to modulate the activity of NADP(+): isocitrte dehydrogenase. RP FARRELL, HM (reprint author), US ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 12 BP 3799 EP 3811 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77724-3 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MT269 UT WOS:A1993MT26900022 PM 8132888 ER PT J AU HARBO, JR AF HARBO, JR TI WORKER-BEE CROWDING AFFECTS BROOD PRODUCTION, HONEY PRODUCTION, AND LONGEVITY OF HONEY-BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; DENSITY; SPACE AB This study measured the effects of hive volume on the productivity and growth of colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., in Baton Rouge, LA. In a winter experiment, populations of 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 bees were installed in hives to produce population densities of 150 or 550 bees per liter of hive volume (3 by 2 factorial, n = 60). More crowded bees consumed less honey (6.8 +/- 1.9 mg per bee/d [mean +/- SD] versus 12.2 +/- 2.6 mg per bee/d) but produced less brood (0.34 +/- 0.20 versus 0.72 +/- 0.31 cells per bee) and had a shorter life span than less crowded colonies. In spring, summer, and autumn, experiments were conducted with initial populations of 9,600 bees per colony. At 100, 200, 300, and 500 bees per liter (n = 32), more crowded bees produced more honey. Average honey production was -70, -17, +28, and +67 g/d for the least to most crowded bees, respectively. More crowded bees produced less brood, but the difference was less marked than in winter. A final experiment measured the effects of adding hive space that did not contain comb (n = 27). Of three treatments, colonies with five combs in a 25-liter hive produced the most honey (105 g/d), and colonies with additional space and combs (10 combs in a 47-liter hive) produced the least (29 g/d). Colonies with combless space (five combs in a 47-liter hive) were intermediate (62 g/d). The treatment with combless space produced more brood than the more crowded treatment but less than the treatment with 10 combs. RP HARBO, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1672 EP 1678 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA042 UT WOS:A1993NA04200008 ER PT J AU VILLAVASO, EJ NORTH, DT MCGOVERN, WL SMITH, JW ENFIELD, FD AF VILLAVASO, EJ NORTH, DT MCGOVERN, WL SMITH, JW ENFIELD, FD TI FIELD CAGE, GREENHOUSE, AND SMALL-FIELD PLOT EVALUATION OF A RADIATION-RESISTANT STRAIN OF BOLL-WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STERILITY; STERILE MALE; BOLL WEEVIL ID PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; SELECTION; COMPETITIVENESS; IRRADIATION AB The effectiveness of a strain of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, genetically selected for increased survival after irradiation and increased mating success in the laboratory was evaluated in greenhouses, field cages, and small field plots over a 4-yr period. The genetically selected strain (RR) from Fargo, ND, was compared with the synthesized strain from which the RR strain was derived (CP) and with a strain (ST) that has been in mass production in Starkville, MS, for >15 yr. Survival in the field after irradiation was greater for the RR strain than for the other strains in all 3 yr that this parameter was measured, but differences were significant in only one of those years. In the second year, RR-strain individuals lived longer, were more attractive during the second week in the field, and exhibited greater mating success at 14 d after irradiation than either control strain. The increase in RR strain survival after irradiation did not result in increased suppression of egg hatch in the field. There was no difference in field competitiveness among strains in any of the 3 yr that it was measured. RP VILLAVASO, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1693 EP 1699 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA042 UT WOS:A1993NA04200011 ER PT J AU LIQUIDO, NJ TERANISHI, R KINT, S AF LIQUIDO, NJ TERANISHI, R KINT, S TI INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF CATCHING MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) MALES IN TRIMEDLURE-BAITED TRAPS WITH AMMONIA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS-CAPITATA; TRIMEDLURE; AMMONIA ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; MATING-BEHAVIOR; FLIES AB The use of ammonia to increase the efficiency of Jackson traps baited with trimedlure in trapping males of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), was investigated, The ammonia vapor (1 x 10(-6) g/s) was added in the trap using a plastic vial containing a cotton wick with 2 ml of saturated ammonium carbonate solution. Tests using laboratory-reared flies showed that Jackson traps with trimedlure + ammonia caught 23% more males than those with only trimedlure. A 17% increase in number of wild males caught in Jackson traps with trimedlure was observed when ammonia was added. Laboratory-reared males that were attracted to either trimedlure or trimedlure + ammonia exhibited lekking behavior on the underside of the foliage surrounding the traps and on the outside and inside walls of the traps. A relatively small number of laboratory-reared females caught in Jackson traps containing trimedlure and trimedlure + ammonia were probably virgins that responded to the cues elicited by the lekking males. During the observation periods, no lekking wild males were observed, and not a single wild female was observed to respond to Jackson traps with either trimedlure or trimedlure + ammonia. RP LIQUIDO, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOCONTROL BIOL & FIELD OPERAT MANAGEMENT UNIT,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1700 EP 1705 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA042 UT WOS:A1993NA04200012 ER PT J AU BULL, DL MEOLA, RW AF BULL, DL MEOLA, RW TI EFFECT AND FATE OF THE INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR PYRIPROXYFEN AFTER APPLICATION TO THE HORN FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; PYRIPROXYFEN; INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS ID BLATTELLIDAE; DICTYOPTERA AB Laboratory studies demonstrated that the insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen effectively inhibits development of the horn fly, Haemotobia irritans (L.). The primary IGR response elicited by pyriproxyfen-suppression of the emergence of F1 adult progeny of treated parents-is similar to that observed in comparable studies of horn flies and other dipterans treated with juvenile hormone analogues. Pyriproxyfen is effective when adult females are treated topically (LC50 = 0.96 mug per insect), adults of mixed sexes are exposed to residues on glass (LC50 = 12.83 mug/cm2), and the IGR is incorporated with the larval rearing medium (LC50 = 9.3 ppb); it was ineffective as a direct application to eggs. Timing of treatment of adults is an important factor in their response to pyriproxyfen. Adult females are most susceptible to topical applications on the second day after emergence; their response to residues on glass is minimum the first day after emergence and then increases significantly each day as the time of exposure increases over a 4-d period. Studies of the fate of topically applied [C-14]pyriproxyfen in adult females demonstrated that cuticular penetration is extremely rapid (almost-equal-to 95% in 8 h), and that relatively large proportions of the applied concentration accumulate internally because of slow metabolism and excretion. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP BULL, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1754 EP 1760 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA042 UT WOS:A1993NA04200019 ER PT J AU VAIL, PV TEBBETS, JS CURTIS, CE JENNER, KE AF VAIL, PV TEBBETS, JS CURTIS, CE JENNER, KE TI INFESTATION RATES AND BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AFTER HARVEST OF CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) IN STORED IN-SHELL WALNUTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYDIA-POMONELLA; QUARANTINE; EXPORT ID METHYL-BROMIDE; LARVAE AB Infestation rates of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in commercially produced walnuts were determined over a 3-yr period. Infestation rate averaged 0.245 (0.11-0.46) codling moth per kilogram of walnuts. Only the larval stage (fourth [4%] or fifth instars [96%]) was found infesting walnuts at harvest, indicating the potential for diapausing codling moth larvae to occur in stored walnuts. In laboratory tests in which dehydrated walnuts were infested with nondiapausing larvae, <1% of first, second, or third instars completed development to adult. Significant survival was observed for fourth and fifth instars. Laboratory trials with diapausing larvae in walnuts stored for 30, 60, or 90 d showed that survival was reduced to an average of only 35%. Tests designed to simulate very high levels of infestation of nondiapausing fifth instars inside bags of walnuts showed that 99% of the larvae remained inside the bag and pupated inside or among the walnuts. Most of these larvae survived to adult, but only 18% of the female moths successfully mated. In further laboratory investigations in which we controlled distances of separation between male and female moths in walnut masses, mating was reduced to 9 or 3% when single pairs of moths were separated by only 0.17 or 0.33 m, respectively. No mating occurred when moths were separated by distances of greater-than-or-equal-to 0.67 m. We discuss implications of these data in relationship to biological approaches to quarantine treatments for codling moth in in-shell walnuts. RP VAIL, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1761 EP 1765 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA042 UT WOS:A1993NA04200020 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, VY MILLER, GT AF YOKOYAMA, VY MILLER, GT TI PEST-FREE PERIOD FOR WALNUT HUSK FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) AND HOST STATUS OF STONE FRUITS FOR EXPORT TO NEW-ZEALAND SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RHAGOLETIS-COMPLETA; PRUNUS-SPP; QUARANTINE AB The pest-free period for walnut husk fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson, that occurs from the beginning of stone fruit harvest in spring through 1 July was verified by trapping for adults in walnut orchards and roadside trees at eight locations in Merced, Madera, Fresno, Tulare, and Kern counties in the San joaquin Valley of California. Peaches, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch; nectarines, P. persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica; Japanese plums, P. salicina Lindl.; and walnuts, Juglans regia, were evaluated for acceptability for walnut husk fly oviposition and immature development. Field choice tests resulted in the following mean number of ovipositional sites per fruit and mean number of pupae that developed per ovipostional site in each fruit species: peaches and nectarines, <1 site, <1 pupa; plums, 0 sites, 0 pupae; and walnuts, <1 site, 4.5 pupae. One- or 3-d laboratory choice tests showed that peaches and nectarines were more acceptable and plums were less acceptable than walnuts for oviposition, but survival to the pupal stage was significantly lower in the three stone fruit species (<1 mean pupa per ovipositional site) than in walnuts (seven mean pupae per ovipositional site). Laboratory no-choice tests showed that walnut husk fly will oviposit in the three stone fruit species and walnuts, but the mean number of pupae that developed per ovipositional site was <1 in peaches and nectarines, 0 in plums, and eight in walnuts. Our results demonstrate that peaches and nectarines are poor hosts for walnut husk fly development, plums are not an acceptable host, and walnuts are the natural host. RP YOKOYAMA, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1766 EP 1772 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA042 UT WOS:A1993NA04200021 ER PT J AU SODERSTROM, EL BRANDL, DG MACKEY, BE AF SODERSTROM, EL BRANDL, DG MACKEY, BE TI HIGH-TEMPERATURE FOR CONTROL OF ASYNONYCHUS-GODMANI (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) EGGS ON LEMON FRUIT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASONONYCHUS-GODMANI; HEAT; CITRUS ID WATER QUARANTINE TREATMENT; HOT-WATER; FLIES DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; THERMAL DEATH; LINEAR-MODEL; TEPHRITIDAE; IMMERSION; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB Temperature and exposure times necessary to kill eggs of Fuller rose beetle, Asynonychus godmani Crotch, with hot-water immersion were determined and fitted to a mathematical model. The temperature rise beneath the calyx of lemons was also modeled during hot-water immersion. From these two models, a final model was developed to estimate the immersion time needed to kill eggs deposited beneath the calyx using 52-degrees-C water, and infested lemons were treated to validate the model. Egg mortality exceeded the predicted mortality. There were no survivors among 4,071 eggs infesting lemons when they were immersed for 8 min at 52-degrees-C. RP SODERSTROM, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,COMMOD PROTECT & QUARANTINE INSECT RES UNIT,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1773 EP 1780 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA042 UT WOS:A1993NA04200022 ER PT J AU ZENG, F PEDERSON, G ELLSBURY, M DAVIS, F AF ZENG, F PEDERSON, G ELLSBURY, M DAVIS, F TI DEMOGRAPHIC-STATISTICS FOR THE PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE RED CLOVERS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; LIFE TABLES; PLANT RESISTANCE ID PATTERNS; BIOTYPES AB Life tables were constructed for pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), developing on red clover, Trifolium pratense L., in growth chambers. Demographic statistics for pea aphids on three red clovers-N-2 germplasm (pea aphid resistant), ''Redland' (susceptibility level unknown), and ''Tensas' (pea aphid susceptible)-were computed to study the influence of resistance in red clover on aphid population dynamics. Resistance in N-2 red clover causes a significantly lower instantaneous rate of increase (r) for the pea aphid compared with 'Tensas' and 'Redland'. Net reproductive rate per generation (R(o)) was significantly higher on 'Tensas' than on N-2. Age-specific survivorship (l(s)) was significantly higher on 'Tensas' and 'Redland' than on N-2 with 16-d-old adults. Development time for the first instar was significantly longer on N-2 than on 'Redland' and 'Tensas'. However, mean generation time (T) of the pea aphid did not differ among the three red clovers. N-2 exhibited resistance to pea aphid, which reduced aphid population growth potential. Demographic statistics are useful tools to explore the effects or influences of host plant resistance on present and future populations of a pest. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1852 EP 1856 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA042 UT WOS:A1993NA04200032 ER PT J AU WILSON, FD FLINT, HM STAPP, BR PARKS, NJ AF WILSON, FD FLINT, HM STAPP, BR PARKS, NJ TI EVALUATION OF CULTIVARS, GERMPLASM LINES, AND SPECIES OF GOSSYPIUM FOR RESISTANCE TO BIOTYPE-B OF SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEMISIA-TABACI; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; GOSSYPIUM ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; COTTON CULTIVARS AB We evaluated 19 cultivars, germplasm lines, and species accessions of cotton and wild relatives, Gossypium spp., in a field, plot experiment for resistance to biotype ''B'' of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). We collected leaf samples on eight dates from 9 June to 14 September and counted eggs and nymphs. Egg and nymph numbers were <1 per g of leaf weight through June, then began to increase rapidly, reaching 5,100 eggs by mid-August and 2,000 nymphs by mid-September. The rate of increase in Arizona-wild cotton, G. thurberi Todaro, was significantly slower and numbers of eggs and nymphs were significantly lower than in the two upland, G. hirsutum L., control cultivars 'Deltapine 50' and 'Stoneville 506'. The 19 cotton entries were divided into four leaf pubescence classes: glabrous, moderately pubescent, pubescent, and highly pubescent. Although no differences in numbers of eggs were observed among the pubescence classes, the glabrous entries averaged fewer nymphs than the moderately pubescent or pubescent entries, but not fewer than the single highly pubescent entry, G. raimondii Ulbrich. The control upland cultivars, three upland germplasm lines, and the single G. barbadense L. cultivar 'Pima S-6' wilted, defoliated, and opened bolls prematurely because of extreme sweetpotato whitefly pressure. In spite of very high numbers of insects, none of the other entries except G. raimondii showed visible wilting and defoliation. RP WILSON, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1857 EP 1862 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA042 UT WOS:A1993NA04200033 ER PT J AU HETHERINGTON, J DANIEL, TC BROWN, TC AF HETHERINGTON, J DANIEL, TC BROWN, TC TI IS MOTION MORE IMPORTANT THAN IT SOUNDS - THE MEDIUM OF PRESENTATION IN ENVIRONMENT PERCEPTION RESEARCH SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LANDSCAPE C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP HETHERINGTON, J (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PSYCHOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 27 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0272-4944 J9 J ENVIRON PSYCHOL JI J. Environ. Psychol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80251-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA NF896 UT WOS:A1993NF89600002 ER PT J AU ENIGL, DC KING, AD TOROK, T AF ENIGL, DC KING, AD TOROK, T TI TALAROMYCES-TRACHYSPERMUS, A HEAT-RESISTANT MOLD ISOLATED FROM FRUIT JUICE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FLAVUS; ASCOSPORES AB Eight different fruit juices were screened for heat-resistant mold (HRM). Heat was used, in the HRM screening method, to kill nonheat-resistant mold permitting the heat-resistant mold to survive. The HRM screening was beyond the commercial heat processing. An autoclave simplified the screening of large volumes of product and may be a novel use of an autoclave. To increase recovery from heat treatment, the medium was not acidified and surface plating was used in place of pour plating. To reduce cold shock, the product was cooled to ambient temperature and not below. A temperature controlled orbital shaker was used to enhance recovery by increasing aeration and preventing settling. The mold Talaromyces trachyspermus (Shear) Stolk & Samson, previously unreported as an HRM, was detected in retail packaged chilled and frozen pineapple juice but not in other fruit juices. Neosartorya fischeri (Wehmer) Malloch & Cain and Talaromyces flavus (Klockner) Stolk & Samson were also isolated after a 30-min heat treatment at 80-degrees-C. Heat-resistant molds were found in both pure and mixed cultures. T. flavus and T. trachyspermus were growing in a mixed culture after heat treatment. C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. WATSON PHARMACEUT,CORONA,CA 91720. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1039 EP 1042 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MM566 UT WOS:A1993MM56600005 ER PT J AU MAKUS, DJ MORRIS, JR AF MAKUS, DJ MORRIS, JR TI A COMPARISON OF FRUIT OF HIGHBUSH AND RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB In 1986, 1988 and 1989, fruit from highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., cvs Collins, Bluecrop, and Herbert) and rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei Reade, cvs Climax, Tifblue, and Menditoo) grown at the same location were compared for size, raw product quality, storage, and sensory attributes. Compared with rabbiteye blueberry fruit, fruit of highbush cvs were generally larger in size, volume, and surface area and higher in titratable acidity, higher Hunter color attributes of 'L', 'a', 'b', and chroma, protein, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, B (dry wt. basis), and higher in decay and water loss after 3 weeks storage at 7 C Rabbiteye fruit, compared with highbush fruit, were generally higher in pulp pH, percent soluble solids, percent dry matter, seed weight per fruit, weight per seed, fruit height/width ratio, periderm dry weight per fruit, periderm wt. per surface area (in mg/cm2), sugar:acid ratio, firmness (as shear), and in sensory seediness. Fruit soluble solids, dry matter, hue, titratable acidity, pulp pH, and firmness of both species were influenced by weather (years). RP MAKUS, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CPSR,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 16 IS 6 BP 417 EP 428 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1993.tb00268.x PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MY404 UT WOS:A1993MY40400002 ER PT J AU DEBELL, DS CURTIS, RO AF DEBELL, DS CURTIS, RO TI SILVICULTURE AND NEW FORESTRY IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP DEBELL, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,SILVICULTURE TEAM,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 91 IS 12 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MK126 UT WOS:A1993MK12600018 ER PT J AU MCCOMB, WC SPIES, TA EMMINGHAM, WH AF MCCOMB, WC SPIES, TA EMMINGHAM, WH TI DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review ID OREGON C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP MCCOMB, WC (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,PEAVY HALL 154,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 56 TC 148 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 91 IS 12 BP 31 EP 42 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MK126 UT WOS:A1993MK12600019 ER PT J AU SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG AF SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG TI SPATIAL PATTERN-ANALYSIS FOR UNDERGROUND PROPAGULES OF POTAMOGETON-GRAMINEUS L IN 2 NORTHERN CALIFORNIA IRRIGATION CANALS SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA HYDROCHARITACEAE; MONOECIOUS HYDRILLA; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; TUBERS; GROWTH AB We sampled areas of two canals (Solano Irrigation District, California) that were dominated by Potamogeton gramineus L. The ratios of variance to mean for winter bud abundance in the Byrnes Canal indicated that winter buds were not randomly distributed. Clumping was detected at a patch size of 7.2 cm diameter in both 1985 and 1989. Applying two quadrat variance methods to data from the Weyend Canal also indicated that winter buds were clumped. The radius of the patch size was 1.65 m. Patch edges were not sharply defined, and the spaces between patches were not empty. Geostatistical analysis yielded an experimental semivariogram for winter bud abundance, using the spherical equation, with a sill of 49776, a nugget of 32378, and a range of influence of 57 m. RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,PLANT BIOL SECT,ROBBINS HALL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664869 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MN459 UT WOS:A1993MN45900004 ER PT J AU KUHNLE, RA AF KUHNLE, RA TI INCIPIENT MOTION OF SAND-GRAVEL SEDIMENT MIXTURES SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BED STREAMS; SIZE AB Experiments on the incipient motion of gravel and sand mixtures of 0:100, 10:90, 25:75, 45:55, and 100:0 percent ratios of gravel and sand, respectively, were made in a laboratory flume. A series of transport experiments was made for each of the five sediment beds and the critical shear stress for motion was calculated for 12 size ranges by interpolating or extrapolating the bed shear stress for a very small transport rate. The sand in each of the five bed mixtures began to move at nearly the same bed shear stress. All gravel sizes began to move at nearly the same bed shear stress in the 100% gravel experiments, but in the sand-gravel experiments the gravel showed an increase in critical shear stress with increasing size. Reasons for this change in the initiation of motion of the gravel from the 100% gravel to the sand-gravel mixtures may result from the abundant sand-sized sediment inhibiting the formation of a coarse bed surface layer in the sand-gravel experiments. RP KUHNLE, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 20 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1993 VL 119 IS 12 BP 1400 EP 1415 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:12(1400) PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA MH549 UT WOS:A1993MH54900005 ER PT J AU SMITH, RD SIDLE, RC PORTER, PE NOEL, JR AF SMITH, RD SIDLE, RC PORTER, PE NOEL, JR TI EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL OF WOODY DEBRIS ON THE CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY OF A FOREST, GRAVEL-BED STREAM SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATE BARS; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; ALASKA AB Experimental removal of woody debris from a small, gravel-bed stream in a forested basin resulted in dramatic redistribution of bed sediment and changes in bed topography. Removal of debris changed the primary flow path, thereby altering the size and location of bars and pools and causing local bank erosion and channel widening. Marked bed adjustments occurred almost immediately following experimental treatment in May 1987 and continued through to the end of the study period in 1991. Increased bed material mobility was attributable to destabilization of sediment storage sites by removal of debris but-tresses, elimination of low-energy, backwater environments related to debris, and an inferred increase in boundary shear stress resulting from the removal of debris-related flow resistance. In contrast to these changes, which favored sediment mobilization, deposition was favored by the elimination of debris-related scouring turbulence and by increased flow resistance from a developing sequence of alternate bars. A more regularly spaced sequence of alternate bars replaced the pretreatment bar sequence, whose location, size, and shape had been strongly influenced by large woody debris as well as by bank projections and channel curvature. Following initial readjustment of the stream bed during the first posttreatment year, loss of scouring turbulence and increased flow resistance from alternate bars resulted in deposition of approximately 44 m3 of sediment within the 96 m study reach. The loss of 5.2 m3 to bank erosion left a net increase in sediment storage of 39 m3. Mean spacing of thalweg cross-overs and pools did not change measurably following debris removal, although variability of spacing between thalweg cross-overs tended to decrease with time as the location of bars stabilized. No consistent pattern of change in mean residual depth of pools or in distribution of depths occurred within the first 4 years following debris removal. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT 84321. RP SMITH, RD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,2770 SHERWOOD LANE,SUITE 2A,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 44 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 152 IS 1-4 BP 153 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90144-X PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MQ127 UT WOS:A1993MQ12700007 ER PT J AU FLERCHINGER, GN DENG, Y COOLEY, KR AF FLERCHINGER, GN DENG, Y COOLEY, KR TI GROUNDWATER RESPONSE TO SNOWMELT IN A MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHED - TESTING OF A CONCEPTUAL-MODEL SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Note ID FLOW AB Snowmelt recharge to shallow (less than 25 m) groundwater systems is the primary source of streamflow in many mountainous watersheds, but characteristics of these systems are not well understood. Response time between snowmelt, piezometers and streamflow in the Upper Sheep Creek Watershed within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed differs drastically from year to year depending on the extent of recharge from snowmelt. This is believed to be caused by groundwater flow becoming confined during years with normal or above normal snowmelt recharge. A two-dimensional, variably saturated, groundwater model was applied to 3 years of data to validate the computer model and to test the conceptual model of the basin. Groundwater response measured in piezometers was simulated quite accurately when a confining layer (observed in drilling logs) was included, but not when the confining layer was omitted. Simulation results give credence to the variably saturated groundwater model, support the conceptual model of the basin, and improve our understanding of the shallow groundwater system in this mountainous watershed. C1 UNIV IDAHO,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID 83712. RP FLERCHINGER, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 152 IS 1-4 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90146-Z PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MQ127 UT WOS:A1993MQ12700009 ER PT J AU SAHA, BC BOTHAST, RJ AF SAHA, BC BOTHAST, RJ TI STARCH CONVERSION BY AMYLASES FROM AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS; AMYLASE; STARCH CONVERSION AB A color variant strain (NRRL Y-12974) of Aureobasidium pullulans produced a saccharifying alpha-amylase and two forms of glucoamylase extracellularly when grown on starch at 28-degrees-C for 4 days. A sugar syrup containing DP1 (degree of polymerization) and DP2 (3: 1) was made from maltodextrin DE (dextrose equivalent) 10 (35%, w/w) at 55-degrees-C and pH 4.5 using the amylase preparation (40 U g-1 DS (dry substance)). The syrup composition was highly dependent upon substrate concentration but nearly independent of enzyme dose. Glucose syrup containing 9% glucose was made from maltodextrin DE 10 (35% , w/w) at 65-degrees-C and pH 4.5 using the same enzyme preparation at 100 U g-1 DS. The enzyme preparation (100 U g-1 DS) produced 98-100% glucose from raw corn starch at pH 4.5 and 50-degrees-C. RP SAHA, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 413 EP 416 DI 10.1007/BF01569674 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR144 UT WOS:A1993PR14400009 ER PT J AU JACKSON, MA SLININGER, PJ AF JACKSON, MA SLININGER, PJ TI SUBMERGED CULTURE CONIDIAL GERMINATION AND CONIDIATION OF THE BIOHERBICIDE COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM ARE INFLUENCED BY THE AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION OF THE MEDIUM SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; BIOHERBICIDE; SPORULATION; CONIDIATION; GERMINATION; AMINO ACIDS; FERMENTATION; SPORE PRODUCTION ID SESBANIA-EXALTATA; SOIL FUNGISTASIS; METHIONINE; ETHYLENE; SPORES; FUNGUS AB Submerged culture experiments were conducted to determine the optimal nitrogen source for rapidly producing conidia of the bioherbicide, Colletotrichum truncatum. Germination of C. truncatum conidial inocula in submerged culture occurred most rapidly (>95% in 6 h) in media provided with a complete complement of amino acids. When (NH4)2SO4, urea, or individual amino acids were provided as the sole nitrogen source, conidial germination was less than 20% after 6 h incubation. Conidia production was delayed in C. truncatum cultures grown in media with urea or individual amino acids as nitrogen sources compared to cultures supplied with Casamino acids or complete synthetic amino acid nitrogen sources. The use of methionine, lysine, tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine or cysteine as a sole nitrogen source severely inhibited C. truncatum conidia production. Media with synthetic amino acid mixtures less these inhibitory amino acids produced significantly higher conidia yields compared to media with amino acid mixtures containing these amino acids. When various amounts of each individual inhibitory amino acid were added to media which contained amino acid mixtures, cysteine and methionine were shown to be most effective in reducing conidiation. An optimal nitrogen source for C. truncatum conidiation in submerged culture should contain a complete mixture of amino acids with low levels of cysteine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine and tryptophan for rapid conidiation and optimal conidia yield. RP JACKSON, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1007/BF01569675 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR144 UT WOS:A1993PR14400010 ER PT J AU ENDRES, S MEYDANI, SN GHORBANI, R SCHINDLER, R DINARELLO, CA AF ENDRES, S MEYDANI, SN GHORBANI, R SCHINDLER, R DINARELLO, CA TI DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH N-3 FATTY-ACIDS SUPPRESSES INTERLEUKIN-2 PRODUCTION AND MONONUCLEAR CELL-PROLIFERATION SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE N-3 FATTY ACIDS; INTERLEUKIN-2; MONONUCLEAR CELL PROLIFERATION; FISH OILS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1; CYTOKINES ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; FISH-OIL; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; LIPOXYGENASE METABOLITES; FACTOR-ALPHA; INVITRO; PROSTAGLANDIN; LEUKOTRIENES; ACTIVATION; PLASMA AB We studied the in vitro production of interleukin-2 in nine healthy volunteers who added 18 g/day of fish-oil concentrate rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to their normal Western diet for a period of 6 weeks. Interleukin-2 synthesis from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was suppressed from 6.2 ng/ml at baseline to 2.2 ng/ml 10 weeks after the end of n-3 fatty acid supplementation (65% decrease; P = .04). At the same time phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of mononuclear cells was suppressed by 70% from the presupplement level. Interleukin-2 production returned to the premedication level at the end of the studies. The results suggest that the effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids in some diseases may be mediated in part by decreased production of interleukin-2 and decreased mononuclear cell proliferation. C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEMC FFL68,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,DEPT MED,MEDFORD,MA 02155. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-15614] NR 29 TC 182 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 54 IS 6 BP 599 EP 603 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA MK131 UT WOS:A1993MK13100014 PM 8245713 ER PT J AU COHN, JS JOHNSON, EJ MILLAR, JS COHN, SD MILNE, RW MARCEL, YL RUSSELL, RM SCHAEFER, EJ AF COHN, JS JOHNSON, EJ MILLAR, JS COHN, SD MILNE, RW MARCEL, YL RUSSELL, RM SCHAEFER, EJ TI CONTRIBUTION OF APO-B-48 AND APO-B-100 TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS (TRL) TO POSTPRANDIAL INCREASES IN THE PLASMA-CONCENTRATION OF TRL TRIGLYCERIDES AND RETINYL ESTERS SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA; ATHEROGENESIS ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; VITAMIN-A METABOLISM; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; CHOLESTEROL ACCUMULATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CHYLOMICRONS; CLEARANCE; PALMITATE; IV AB After the ingestion of a fat-rich meal, there is a postprandial increase in the plasma concentration of both apolipoprotein B-48- and apoB-100-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (apoB-48 and apoB-100 TRL). In order to determine the contribution of these lipoproteins to postprandial lipemia, the concentration of triglycerides (TG) and retinyl esters (RE) was measured in apoB-48 and apoB-100 TRL after an oral fat load. Six normolipidemic male subjects were fed heavy cream (1 g fat per kg body weight) containing vitamin A (3000 retinol equivalents). TRL were isolated by ultracentrifugation from plasma samples obtained at regular intervals after the meal, and apoB-100 TRL were separated from apoB-48 TRL by affinity chromatography using monoclonal antibodies. Postprandial increase in plasma TG concentration was due to an increase in TG in the TRL fraction, which in turn was predominantly (82 +/- 4%) due to an increase in TG in apoB-48 TRL. Contribution of apoB-100 TRL to postprandial increase in TRL TG was 3-27% in individual subjects. ApoB-100 TRL remained a significant carrier of total plasma triglyceride in the fed state, as reflected by similar apoB-100 and apoB-48 TRL TG concentrations at 2, 4, and 6 h after the fat meal. Retinyl esters were regularly detected in apoB-100 TRL. Seventy-five (+/- 9) percent of the increase in TRL-RE was due to RE in apoB-48 TRL and 25 +/- 9% was due to RE in apoB-100. These data suggest that RE in plasma arc not always associated with apoB-48-containing lipoproteins. Furthermore, we conclude that apoB-100 TRL, as well as apoB-48 TRL, make a significant contribution to postprandial triglyceridemia. C1 TUFTS UNIV, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,LIPID METAB LAB, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. TUFTS UNIV, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, USDA, GASTROINTESTINAL NUTR LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. CLIN RES INST MONTREAL, MONTREAL H2W 1R7, QUEBEC, CANADA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 39326] NR 40 TC 195 Z9 195 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 EI 1539-7262 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2033 EP 2040 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA ML674 UT WOS:A1993ML67400002 PM 8301224 ER PT J AU SANADI, AR ROWELL, RM YOUNG, RA AF SANADI, AR ROWELL, RM YOUNG, RA TI EVALUATION OF WOOD THERMOPLASTIC-INTERPHASE SHEAR STRENGTHS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIBER MATRIX INTERFACE; COMPOSITES; PULL AB A macroscopic pull-out technique has been developed to determine the interphase properties in wood/low-molecular-weight-thermoplastic systems. Experimental variables affecting the shear properties of these types of composites were first identified so that the test could be used to compare the effect of different surface treatments on the interfacial properties. The relationship between the debonded force, F, and embedded length, L, was not linear, suggesting a failure mechanism that was different from interfacial yielding. Low embedded lengths provide useful comparative data on the maximum interfacial-shear strength of the system. The test is also useful for evaluating the quality of the fibre-matrix bond after exposure to water, since dimensional stability is an important consideration for wood-fibre-based composites. The test can be used to screen the effects of modifications on the lignocellulosic and/or the thermoplastic matrix on adhesive bonding for the development of composites. The use of lignocellulosic fibres (recycled wood fibres and natural fibres such as jute) in combination with recycled plastics could find applications in the automotive, furniture and building-materials industry. C1 FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP SANADI, AR (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,1630 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Sanadi, Anand/C-4420-2015 OI Sanadi, Anand/0000-0002-6382-9225 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 28 IS 23 BP 6347 EP 6352 DI 10.1007/BF01352195 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA ML892 UT WOS:A1993ML89200015 ER PT J AU HANDOO, ZA HUETTEL, RN GOLDEN, AM AF HANDOO, ZA HUETTEL, RN GOLDEN, AM TI DESCRIPTION AND SEM OBSERVATIONS OF MELOIDOGYNE-SASSERI N-SP (NEMATODA, MELOIDOGYNIDAE), PARASITIZING BEACHGRASSES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMMOPHILA-BREVILIGULATA; AVENA-SATIVA; BEACHGRASS; CYNODON-DACTYLON; DELAWARE; MARYLAND; MELOIDOGYNE-CALIFORNIENSIS; M-GRAMINIS; M-SASSERI; M-SPARTINAE; MORPHOLOGY; NEMATODE; NEW SPECIES; ORYZA-SATIVA; PANICUM-AMARULUM; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; STENOTAPHRUM-SECUNDATUM; TAXONOMY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ZEA-MAYS; ZOYSIA-JAPONICA AB Meloidogyne sasseri n. sp. is described and illustrated from American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) originally collected from Henlopen State Park and Fenwick Island near the Maryland state line in Delaware, United States (6). Its relationship to M. graminis, M. spartinae, and M. californiensis is discussed. Primary distinctive characters of the female perineal pattern were a high to rounded arch with shoulders, widely spaced lateral lines interrupting transverse striations, a sunken vulva and anus, and coarse broken striae around the anal area. Second-stage juvenile body length was 554 mum (470-650), stylet length 14 mum (13-14.5), tait length 93 mum (83-115), tapering to a finely rounded terminus. Male stylet length 20 mum (19-21.5), spicule length 33 mum (30-36). Scanning electron microscope observations provided additional details of perineal patterns and face views of the female, male, and J2 head. Wheat, rice, oat, Ammophila sp., Panicum sp., bermudagrass, zoysiagrass and St. Augustinegrass were tested as hosts. Distribution of the species was the coasts of Delaware and Maryland. The common name ''beachgrass root-knot'' is proposed for M. sasseri n. sp. RP HANDOO, ZA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 628 EP 641 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MQ627 UT WOS:A1993MQ62700018 PM 19279820 ER PT J AU NYCZEPIR, AP RILEY, MB SHARPE, RR AF NYCZEPIR, AP RILEY, MB SHARPE, RR TI DYNAMICS OF CONCOMITANT POPULATIONS OF MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA AND CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX ON PEACH SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONCOMITANT INFECTION; CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; INTERACTION; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PEACH; PRUNUS-PERSICA; RING NEMATODE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SYNERGISM ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; SHORT LIFE; ASSOCIATION; GROWTH; TREES AB The interaction between Meloidogyne incognita and Criconemella xenoplax on nematode reproduction and growth of Lovell peach was studied in field microlots and the greenhouse. Meloidogyne incognita suppressed reproduction of C. xenoplax in both field and greenhouse experiments. Tree growth, as measured by trunk diameter, was reduced (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) in the presence of M. incognita as compared with C. xenoplax of the uninoculated control trees 26 months following inoculation. A similar response regarding dry root weight was also detected in greenhouse-grown seedlings after 5 months. The presence of C. xenoplax did not affect Lovell tree growth. A synergistic effect causing a reduction (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) in tree growth was recorded 26 and 38 months following inoculation. The presence of M. incognita increased levels of malonyl-1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content in leaves of trees grown in field microplots 19 months after inoculation. Meloidogyne incognita appears to be a more dominant parasite than C. xenoplax on Lovell peach. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES LAB,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP NYCZEPIR, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 659 EP 665 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MQ627 UT WOS:A1993MQ62700021 PM 19279823 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RF JOHNSON, AW WAUCHOPE, RD AF DAVIS, RF JOHNSON, AW WAUCHOPE, RD TI ACCELERATED DEGRADATION OF FENAMIPHOS AND ITS METABOLITES IN SOIL PREVIOUSLY TREATED WITH FENAMIPHOS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; ENHANCED DEGRADATION; FENAMIPHOS; FENAMIPHOS SULFONE; FENAMIPHOS SULFOXIDE; METABOLITE; MICROBIAL DEGRADATION; NEMATICIDE; NEMATODE; PESTICIDE DEGRADATION ID MICROORGANISMS; INVOLVEMENT AB The degradation of fenamiphos, fenamiphos sulfoxide, and fenamiphos sulfone was determined in a greenhouse experiment using autoclaved and nonautoclaved soil from field plots treated or not treated with fenamiphos. Fenamiphos degradation and formation of fenamiphos sulfoxide was faster in nonautoclaved soil than in autoclaved soil. In nonautoclaved soil, previous exposure to fenamiphos was associated with increased rate of degradation of fenamiphos sulfoxide. Fenamiphos total toxic residue degraded more rapidly in nonautoclaved soil previously exposed to fenamiphos than in nonautoclaved soil never exposed to fenamiphos. This accelerated degradation was due to more rapid degradation of fenamiphos sulfoxide and appears to be biologically mediated. RP DAVIS, RF (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA, COLL AGR, COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN, USDA ARS, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. NR 23 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 679 EP 685 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MQ627 UT WOS:A1993MQ62700024 PM 19279826 ER PT J AU WALTER, DE KAPLAN, DT DAVIS, EL AF WALTER, DE KAPLAN, DT DAVIS, EL TI COLONIZATION OF GREENHOUSE NEMATODE CULTURES BY NEMATOPHAGOUS MITES AND FUNGI SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CULTURE; FUNGUS; MITE; NEMATODE; NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGUS; MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA; TYLENCHULUS SEMIPENETRANS ID BEHAVIOR AB Unproductive >7-year-old greenhouse cultures of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) had a well-developed soil invertebrate fauna that included nematophagous mite species characteristic of Florida citrus groves. Nematophagous mite densities in box cultures were 285 +/- 42 mites/liter, 2.5 to 25 times higher than densities in citrus nematode-infested groves. Vigorous root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) cultures grown in steam-pasteurized soil had few nematophagous mites until more than 3 months after inoculation. Mite species diversity had a significant (P < 0.0001) positive linear relationship with culture age that explained about one-half the variance in species number. Nematophagous mite densities rose and then fell with culture age. In root-knot cultures >3-months-old, mite densities often exceeded 1,000 mites/liter. Twelve species of nematophagous fungi also were isolated from greenhouse nematode cultures. C1 UNIV QUEENSLAND,CTR TROP PEST MANAGEMENT,ST LUCIA,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. US ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27612. RP WALTER, DE (reprint author), UNIV QUEENSLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,ST LUCIA,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 SU S BP 789 EP 794 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MR846 UT WOS:A1993MR84600011 PM 19279841 ER PT J AU HASHMI, G HASHMI, S KRUSBERG, LR HUETTEL, RN AF HASHMI, G HASHMI, S KRUSBERG, LR HUETTEL, RN TI RESISTANCE IN ZEA-MAYS TO HETERODERA-ZEAE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN CYST NEMATODE; CORN; GREENHOUSE; HETERODERA ZEAE; IN VITRO; NEMATODE; REPRODUCTION; RESISTANCE; ZEA MAYS AB Twenty-three precommercial field corn lines (Zea mays) were screened in the greenhouse and in vitro far the ability to support reproduction of Heterodera zeae. Although H. zeae reproduced on all corn lines, reproduction was only 0.4 to 4.5% on the five least suitable corn lines in greenhouse tests compared with the susceptible check line Pioneer brand 3184. The least suitable experimental line supported an average of 30 cysts plus Females after 8 weeks growth, whereas the susceptible check, Pioneer brand 3184, averaged 8,183 cysts plus females per per. Reproduction of H. zeae in in vitro root cultures of the 23 lines and susceptible check cultivar, Iochief, was too low to be of any value in detecting resistance to this nematode under the conditions of these tests. C1 US ARS,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HASHMI, G (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 SU S BP 820 EP 823 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MR846 UT WOS:A1993MR84600017 PM 19279847 ER PT J AU MCLAUGHLIN, MR WINDHAM, GL HEAGLE, AS AF MCLAUGHLIN, MR WINDHAM, GL HEAGLE, AS TI RESPONSE OF TRIFOLIUM-REPENS CLONES TO INFECTION BY MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA AND PEANUT STUNT VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; OZONE; PEANUT STUNT VIRUS; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; TRIFOLIUM REPENS; WHITE CLOVER ID WHITE CLOVER; TALL FESCUE; YIELD; OZONE; PERSISTENCE; RESISTANCE; DISEASES; LEGUMES; PASTURE; GROWTH AB The responses of selected clones of white clover (Trifolium repens) to simultaneous infection by the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and peanut stunt virus (PSV) were determined. Two white clover clones, which were resistant (NC-R) or sensitive (NC-S) to ozone injury, were evaluated. Plant growth and M. incognita reproduction were measured. Root, stolon, and top growth were reduced by PSV infection, which affected NC-R more than NC-S. Both clones were tolerant of M. incognita, but NC-R had less root galling and less nematode reproduction than NC-S, and thus was less susceptible to M. incognita. Reductions in root growth of plants infected with both M. incognita and PSV were greater than in plants infected by either pathogen alone. Nematode reproduction tended to be lower on PSV-infected plants. C1 US ARS,AIR QUAL RES PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27606. RP MCLAUGHLIN, MR (reprint author), US ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 SU S BP 869 EP 875 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MR846 UT WOS:A1993MR84600025 PM 19279855 ER PT J AU STARR, JL HEALD, CM ROBINSON, AF SMITH, RG KRAUSZ, JP AF STARR, JL HEALD, CM ROBINSON, AF SMITH, RG KRAUSZ, JP TI MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA AND ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS AND ASSOCIATED SOIL TEXTURES FROM SOME COTTON PRODUCTION AREAS OF TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COTTON; GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM; INCIDENCE; MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; RENIFORM NEMATODE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS; SOIL TEXTURE; SURVEY AB The incidence of Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton was determined in 1989-92 from 1,089 soil samples collected from 31 counties that account for nearly 60% of the 2.2 million hectares planted to cotton in Texas. Meloidogyne incognita was commonly found in the Southern High Plains and Brazos River Valley regions of Texas (57% and 34%, respectively, of samples) but was found in less than 8% of samples from the Central Blacklands, Coastal Bend, Low Plains, or the Upper Gulf Coast regions. Rotylenchulus reniformis was widely distributed in the Brazos River Valley (24% of samples) and found occasionally in the Upper Gulf Coast (8% of samples). Meloidogyne incognita was found only rarely in soils with greater than 40% clay content, whereas Rotylenchulus reniformis was frequently found in finely textured soils but was less common in soils with greater than 40% sand content. In samples infested with M. incognita or R. reniformis, population densities of these species were at least 10-fold greater than population densities of other plant-parasitic species present in the sample. Root-knot and reniform nematodes were not found together in high population densities (>100 individuals/500 cm(3)) in the same sample. C1 US ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COTTON PATHOL RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77840. TEXAS AGR EXTENS SERV,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP STARR, JL (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 SU S BP 895 EP 899 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MR846 UT WOS:A1993MR84600030 PM 19279860 ER PT J AU BROUSSEAU, ME STUCCHI, AF VESPA, DB SCHAEFER, EJ NICOLOSI, RJ AF BROUSSEAU, ME STUCCHI, AF VESPA, DB SCHAEFER, EJ NICOLOSI, RJ TI A DIET ENRICHED IN MONOUNSATURATED FATS DECREASES LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS BY A DIFFERENT MECHANISM THAN DOES A DIET ENRICHED IN POLYUNSATURATED FATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; FATTY ACIDS; METABOLISM; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS ID POLY-UNSATURATED FAT; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; CEBUS MONKEYS; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; METABOLISM; SATURATION; LDL AB To determine the mechanisms whereby dietary fat saturation influences LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations, 10 cynomolgus monkeys were fed each of three experimental diets enriched in saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids in a crossover design consisting of three 13-wk periods. Each diet contained 30% of energy as fat with 0.05 mg cholesterol/kJ and differed solely by the isocaloric substitution of fatty acids as 60% of total fat energy. The replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids with either mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids resulted in significant reductions of plasma total cholesterol (-17% and -30%, respectively), HDL cholesterol (-32% and -41%, respectively), apoA-1 (-37% and -44%, respectively), and apolipoprotein B (-28% and -36%, respectively) concentrations. Additionally, when dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids were substituted for saturated fatty acids, a 27% reduction in VLDL + LDL cholesterol was significant. Metabolic experiments suggested that the significantly reduced concentrations of apolipoprotein B observed during the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid phases relative to the saturated fatty acid phase could not be entirely explained by changes in LDL apolipoprotein B clearance but rather were likely due to decreased LDL apolipoprotein B production rates. However, enhanced LDL apolipoprotein B catabolism accounted for the even greater reductions in VLDL + LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations observed during the polyunsaturated fatty acid phase vs. the monounsaturated fatty acid phase. Our data suggest that monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids lower apolipoprotein B concentrations by distinct mechanisms, with polyunsaturated fatty acids affecting LDL apolipoprotein B catabolism as well as production. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CLIN SCI,CARDIOVASC RES LAB,LOWELL,MA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL 39385] NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 123 IS 12 BP 2049 EP 2058 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ML888 UT WOS:A1993ML88800002 PM 8263597 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP JUDD, JT NAIR, PP TAYLOR, PR AF FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP JUDD, JT NAIR, PP TAYLOR, PR TI FISH-OIL SUPPLEMENTATION REDUCES EXCRETION OF 2,3-DINOR-6-OXO-PGF1-ALPHA AND THE 11-DEHYDROTHROMBOXANE B(2)/2,3-DINOR-6-OXO-PGF1-ALPHA EXCRETION RATIO IN ADULT MEN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE N-3 FATTY ACIDS; PROSTACYCLIN; THROMBOXANE-TO-PROSTACYCLIN RATIO; IN-VIVO SYNTHESIS; URINARY EXCRETION ID DIETARY EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; PROSTACYCLIN PRODUCTION; PLATELET-FUNCTION; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; METABOLISM; PROSTAGLANDIN-I3; EICOSANOIDS; INVIVO AB Dietary supplementation with a fish oil concentrate (FOC) reduced the endogenous synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2), as measured by the excretion of its major urinary catabolite, 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF1alpha (PGI2-M). Thirty-four healthy men (24-57 years old) were given controlled diets and supplements that provided 40% of the energy from fat and a minimum of 22 mg/d of alpha-tocopherol for two consecutive experimental periods of 10 weeks each. During the experimental periods, the men received capsules containing 15 g/d of a placebo oil (PO) (period 1) or 15 g/d of the FOC (period 2). In addition to the PO or FOC, capsules contained 1 mg of alpha-tocopherol per g of fat as an antioxidant. The average daily excretion of PGI2-M during the last week of FOC supplementation (period 2) was 22% less (P = 0.0001) than at the end of the first period. These results are at variance with those reported in comparable human studies conducted by other investigators during the middle and late 1980s. A 20% reduction (P = 0.003) in the 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 to 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF1alpha excretion ratio at the end of period 2 in this study demonstrates that a shift of the n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio from 12.5 to 2.3 brings about a substantial modulation of the eicosanoid system. C1 NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP FERRETTI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,ROOM 122,BARC E,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 4 IS 12 BP 695 EP 698 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(93)90109-A PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA MJ979 UT WOS:A1993MJ97900005 ER PT J AU PRUETT, JH AF PRUETT, JH TI PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE OF BOVINE IGG BY HYPODERMIN-A, A SERINE-PROTEASE OF HYPODERMA-LINEATUM (DIPTERA, OESTRIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT; HOST AB Cattle grub larvae are able to survive a lengthy 8%-mo internal migration within the naive bovine host connective tissues. Larval survival is observed even in the presence of host immunological responses to principal parasite proteins. In this study, data are presented that suggest that a digestive enzyme, hypodermin A, of the first-instar larvae effectively cleaves bovine immunoglobulin G in vitro. A (fab)'(2) fragment is produced, and the heavy-chain fragments associated with the cleaved fc piece remain intact. Hypodermin A is not specific for bovine IgG as other species' IgGs are also degraded as are other bovine proteins. Destruction of the biological activity of bovine immunoglobulin G by hypodermin A suggests a potential parasite escape mechanism that may contribute to the survival of first-instar larvae within the bovine host. RP PRUETT, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 79 IS 6 BP 829 EP 833 DI 10.2307/3283718 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA MN695 UT WOS:A1993MN69500003 PM 8277374 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP RUFF, MD KWOK, OCH SHEN, SK WILKINS, GC THULLIEZ, P AF DUBEY, JP RUFF, MD KWOK, OCH SHEN, SK WILKINS, GC THULLIEZ, P TI EXPERIMENTAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN BOBWHITE QUAIL (COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; GONDII; OOCYSTS; BIRDS AB Twenty-four 3-5-mo-old battery-hatched bobwhite quail were inoculated orally with 10(5) (ME 49 strain, group A, 6 birds), 10(4) (ME 49 strain, group B, 6 birds), 10(5) (GT-1 strain, group C, 6 birds), and 10(4) (GT-1 strain, group D, 6 birds) Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. One quail in group B died 18 days after inoculation (DAI) due to undetermined etiology. Two quail from group C and 1 quail from group D given GT-1 oocysts died of acute toxoplasmosis 6, 7, and 8 DAI, respectively; numerous T. gondii tachyzoites were found in lesions in visceral tissues. The surviving quail in group A and B were killed 106 DAI and those in groups C and D were killed 60 DAI. Toxoplasma gandii was isolated from pooled tissues of 4 of 5 quail in group B. Brains, hearts, and skeletal muscles from quail in groups A, C, and D were bioassayed individually in mice; T. gondii was isolated from the brains of all 6, hearts of 3, and skeletal muscles of 2 of the 6 quail in group A; from the brains of all 4, hearts of 1, and skeletal muscles of 2 of the 4 quail in group C; and from the brains of all 5, hearts of 1, and skeletal muscles of 3 of the 5 quail in group D. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were found in sera of all 20 quail killed 60 or 106 DAI. Antibody titers detected in the modified agglutination test using whole tachyzoites were higher than in latex agglutination and indirect hemagglutination tests that used soluble antigens. Antibodies were not detected in a 1:4 dilution of 19 of 20 quail sera in the Sabin-Feldman dye test. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 79 IS 6 BP 935 EP 939 DI 10.2307/3283733 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA MN695 UT WOS:A1993MN69500018 PM 8277387 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP CAMARGO, ME RUFF, MD WILKINS, GC SHEN, SK KWOK, OCH THULLIEZ, P AF DUBEY, JP CAMARGO, ME RUFF, MD WILKINS, GC SHEN, SK KWOK, OCH THULLIEZ, P TI EXPERIMENTAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN TURKEYS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID INFECTION; OOCYSTS; GONDII AB Fourteen 2-3-wk-old turkeys were inoculated orally with 10(5) or 10(4) infective oocysts of the ME 49 strain of Taxoplasma gondii. Of the 8 turkeys given 10(5) oocysts in experiment 1, 3 died or were killed 12 or 14 days after inoculation (DAI) because of respiratory distress associated with a concomitant Aspergillus-like fungus infection. The remaining 5 turkeys remained normal and were killed 62 DAI. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated in mice from the heart of all 5, from the breast muscles of 2, leg muscles of 3, and from the brains and livers of none of the turkeys. All 6 turkeys fed 10(4) oocysts in experiment 2 remained clinically normal until necropsy on 41 DAI; T. gondii was isolated from pooled tissues from each turkey. All 14 turkeys developed high antibody titers to T. gondii in the modified agglutination test (MAT) using formalinized tachyzoites. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was as sensitive as MAT for detecting T. gondii antibodies in turkey sera. The latex agglutination and indirect hemagglutination tests were less sensitive than the MAT and ELISA. No dye-test-measurable antibodies were found in sera of any turkey. C1 BIOLAB DIAGNOST SA,RES & DEV SECT,BR-01333101 SAO PAULO,SP,BRAZIL. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INST PUERICULTURE,TOXOPLASMOSE LAB,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 79 IS 6 BP 949 EP 952 DI 10.2307/3283736 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA MN695 UT WOS:A1993MN69500021 PM 8277389 ER PT J AU BRYANT, FO CUTLER, HG JACYNO, JM AF BRYANT, FO CUTLER, HG JACYNO, JM TI PROPERTIES AND COST-EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF THE ANTITUMOR AGENT DUCLAUXIN FROM SPORULATING PENICILLIUM-HERQUEI SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DIPLODIA-MACROSPORA; STIPITATUM THOM AB Duclauxin, an antitumor agent, was isolated from sporulating Penicillium herquei (ATCC 34665) grown on a medium of peanut hulls supplemented with potato starch solution (termed ''Gostar''). The medium was inoculated with a sporulating subculture of P. herquei established on a 2% potato starch slurry supplemented with mineral salts. The P. herquei grew as well on Gostar as on an enriched medium. Duclauxin was isolated in crystalline form from Gostar-grown P. herquei. Comparison of costs of duclauxin obtained from inexpensive Gostar versus costly enriched media indicated that Gostar reduces production expenses. Duclauxin was not effective as an antibiotic against certain species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses, but a concentration-dependent inhibition of wheat coleoptile growth was observed. Duclauxin was characterized by melting point, optical rotation, IR and NMR spectroscopy, MS and X-ray diffraction. C1 USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSN PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1214 EP 1217 DI 10.1002/jps.2600821206 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA MJ541 UT WOS:A1993MJ54100005 PM 8308698 ER PT J AU BUCZYNSKI, SR THOM, M CHOUREY, P MARETZKI, A AF BUCZYNSKI, SR THOM, M CHOUREY, P MARETZKI, A TI TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUCROSE SYNTHASE ISOZYMES IN SUGARCANE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MONCLONAL ANTIBODIES; SACCHARUM; SUCROSE SYNTHASE ISOZYMES ID METABOLIZING ENZYMES; MAIZE; GENES; EXPRESSION; INVERTASE; ACCUMULATION; SYNTHETASE; ENDOSPERM; CELLS; FRUIT AB The two isozymic forms of sucrose synthase in sugarcane have been investigated to determine their respective tissue distribution in the plant and differences in their biochemical characteristics. Separation of the isozymic forms was aided by the application of immuno-separation for one form (SS2), whereas the other was purified from older internode tissue in which only one form is present. All other tissue examined contained both forms of this enzyme. The two isoforms of sucrose synthase from sugarcane resemble those found in maize sufficiently to enable the use of maize monoclonal antibodies for their detection. The two sucrose synthase isoforms also resemble each other very closely, as shown by their kinetic and pH characteristics. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BUCZYNSKI, SR (reprint author), HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS ASSOC,EXPT STN,99-193 AIEA HTS DR,AIEA,HI 96701, USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 142 IS 6 BP 641 EP 646 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MR241 UT WOS:A1993MR24100001 ER PT J AU CHU, CC NATWICK, ET AKEY, DH HENNEBERRY, TJ AF CHU, CC NATWICK, ET AKEY, DH HENNEBERRY, TJ TI STUDIES ON PREVENTION OF COTTON LEAF BURN SYNDROME IN THE IMPERIAL-VALLEY, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION OF CHINA LA Chinese DT Article AB Insecticides, fungicides, a bactericide, and an antioxidant were studied at Brawley and Holtville, CA in 1991 to evaluate their potential for preventing or alleviating cotton ''leaf burn'' symptoms. The ''leaf burn'' condition occurred widespread througout the Imperial Valley, CA in 1989 and 1990 with devastating reductions in cotton yields. Results of the present studies suggest that foliar application of liquid oxamyl (methyl-N' N'-dimethyl-N-((methylcarbamoyl)oxy)-1-thiooxamimidate) or soil application of aldicarb (2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde-O-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime) prevented occurrence of the cotton plant disorder and increased cotton yields. This was supported by plant physiological indices of lower leaf temperatures, higher transpiration rates, lower leaf water potentials, and higher cotton yields as compared to the untreated plants. The primary cause(s) of the cotton ''leaf burn'' syndrome have not been determined, but results of our studies suggest that air pollution and irrigation water stress are not directly involved. RP CHU, CC (reprint author), US ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,BRAWLEY,CA 92227, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AGR ASSN CHINA PI TAIPEI PA 14 WENCHOW ST, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 0578-1434 J9 J AGR ASSOC CHINA JI J. Agric. Assoc. China PD DEC PY 1993 IS 164 BP 56 EP 68 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MW796 UT WOS:A1993MW79600005 ER PT J AU LARSEN, RI MCDONNELL, WF COFFIN, DL HECK, WW AF LARSEN, RI MCDONNELL, WF COFFIN, DL HECK, WW TI AN AIR-QUALITY DATA-ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR INTERRELATING EFFECTS, STANDARDS, AND NEEDED SOURCE REDUCTIONS .12. EFFECTS ON MAN, ANIMALS, AND PLANTS AS A FUNCTION OF AIR POLLUTANT IMPACT SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; CROP REDUCTION; INJURY AB The impact-effect mathematical model, developed in 1991, improves on a previous mathematical model, and was developed to predict biological response as a function of air pollutant impact. Impact is defined here as exposure duration multiplied by air pollutant concentration raised to an exponent (t . c(d)). This papers purpose is to plot and regress example biological effects as a function of air pollutant impact to determine how well the plotted data fit the impact-effect-model for three target populations: man, animals, and plants (a wide range of life forms). The three biological effects are: for man, lung function decrease after exposure to ozone (O3); for animals, mouse mortality after exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2); and for plants, leaf injury after exposure to O3. The three resultant regression equations account for a substantial amount of the data variance: 95 percent for lung function, 92 percent for leaf injury, and 73 percent for mouse mortality. The model fits the animal and plant data that cover both acute and chronic exposures. The animal exposures ranged from 6 min to 1 yr. The plant exposures ranged from 0.75 to 552 h. C1 USDA,RALEIGH,NC. RP LARSEN, RI (reprint author), US EPA,AREAL,DIV HUMAN EXPOSURE & FIELD RES,HUMAN EXPOSURE RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1585 EP 1592 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NM389 UT WOS:A1993NM38900005 ER PT J AU HALLOIN, JM COOPER, TG POTCHEN, EJ THOMPSON, TE AF HALLOIN, JM COOPER, TG POTCHEN, EJ THOMPSON, TE TI PROTON MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING OF LIPID IN PECAN EMBRYOS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CARYA ILLINOENSIS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NMR SPECTROSCOPY; OILSEEDS; SEED DECAY ID WATER-CONTENT; MICROSCOPY; ROOTS; INSITU AB Magnetic resonance images of plant tissues typically are manifestations of water protons in tissues. Within oilseeds, however, lipids contain a major portion of the mobile protons, which should enable specific imaging of lipids. In this study, experiments were done to demonstrate spin-echo imaging (SEI) and chemical-shift imaging (CSI) of lipid within nonimbibed and imbibed embryos of pecan (Carya illinoensis), a high-lipid seed. Magnetic resonance spectra of air-dry embryos contained a single major peak for lipid, where as those of imbibed embryos contained separate peaks for water and lipid. This separation of spectral peaks enabled CSI of distributions of either lipids or water in imbibed embryos. A longer spin-spin relaxation time of lipid protons than of water protons in imbibed embryos allowed selective SEI of lipids in those embryos. SEI of normal, dry embryos revealed fairly uniform distribution of lipids across tissues. Similar images of embryos damaged by the fungus Phoma exocarpina or the insect Zerara viridula were less intense than those of a normal embryo, reflecting the lower oil contents of the damaged embryos. Magnetic resonance imaging should provide a useful technology for studying lipid distribution and metabolism within oil seeds. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT RADIOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,PECAN BREEDING & GENET STN,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879. RP HALLOIN, JM (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA,ARS,SUGARBEET BEAN & CEREAL RES UNIT,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1259 EP 1262 DI 10.1007/BF02564238 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ML243 UT WOS:A1993ML24300019 ER PT J AU CARLSON, KD KLEIMAN, R PAVLIK, RP AF CARLSON, KD KLEIMAN, R PAVLIK, RP TI PREPRESS SOLVENT-EXTRACTION OF CUPHEA SEED SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CUPHEA LANCEOLATA; CUPHEA OIL; C-VISCOSISSIMA; C-WRIGHTII; DEFATTED MEAL; GC OF METHYL ESTERS; GC OF TRIGLYCERIDES; PILOT-SCALE PROCESSING; PREPRESSING; SOLVENT EXTRACTION ID FATTY-ACID; OIL; CROP AB Simulation of commercial processing of Cuphea seed to obtain needed quantities of oil and meal was accomplished with pilot facilities. Cuphea seed was conditioned in a single-deck cooker. Cooked seed was pressed with a mechanical screw with two-speed shaft, variable-speed drives and a four-section cage with cored sleeves. A feed rate of 22 kg seed/h and a feed screw-to-main shaft ratio of 2:1 gave good press cake with 8.1% residual oil. Press cake was extracted in a batch-type modular extraction pilot plant. Miscella stages were sequentially pumped through the beds, followed by hexane rinses. Spent cake was desolventized and toasted, and full miscellas were stripped to recover the crude oil. The finished Cuphea meal had only 0.30-0.55% residual oil. Thus, conditioned Cuphea seed was easily pressed without prior flaking to acceptable cakes, and conditions simulating commercial solvent extraction efficiently removed residual cake oil. C1 FRENCH OIL MILL MACHINERY CO,PIQUA,OH 45356. RP CARLSON, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCAUR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1269 EP 1272 DI 10.1007/BF02564240 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ML243 UT WOS:A1993ML24300021 ER PT J AU SESSA, DJ AF SESSA, DJ TI THERMAL-DENATURATION OF GLYCININ AS A FUNCTION OF HYDRATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; GLYCININ; HYDRATION EFFECTS; SOYBEAN; STORAGE PROTEIN; THERMAL STABILITY ID PROTEIN HYDRATION; WATER; STABILITY; NMR; THERMODYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; SORPTION; SEEDS AB Hydration effects on the thermal stability of glycinin (soybean 11S protein) were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In a model system with pure glycinin, the denaturation temperature (T-d) decreased with increasing moisture. Between 22 and 44% moisture, two endotherms were observed, where the lower-temperature endotherm became progressively reduced in magnitude with a concomitant increase in a higher-temperature transition. At 45.5% moisture, only a single endotherm was observed. The regression curves over the entire moisture range from 2 to 66% were derived as asymptote functions, where M equals the percentage total moisture. Equations were developed from the curves, and the relationship between T-d and moisture were: T-d = 92.4 + 196.5e(-0.068M) and, for the low-temperature endotherm, 82.4 + 144.3e(-0.068M). By interaction of 11S protein with either ethanol, a neutral detergent (Triton X-100) or 40% sucrose, both one- and two-endotherm curves were generated. Such calorimetric behavior is indicative of nonequilibrium denaturation and supports the notion that structure reorganization during DSC is water content-dependent. Our findings suggest that either glycinin's acidic/basic subunits or a change in secondary protein structure may give rise to two endotherms. RP SESSA, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1279 EP 1284 DI 10.1007/BF02564242 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ML243 UT WOS:A1993ML24300023 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP CARPENTER, JL AF DUBEY, JP CARPENTER, JL TI NEONATAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN LITTERMATE CATS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FELINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; CYSTS AB Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed histologically in 9 kittens and 1 queen from 5 litters. In litter 1, four 3-month-old Siamese kittens and the queen were affected. The queen died of generalized toxoplasmosis, and her kittens died or were euthanatized 20, 22, or 28 days later. In litter 2, two of 3 Abyssinian 4- and 4.5-month-old kittens died of toxoplasmosis. In litter 3, an Abyssinian, delivered by cesarean section, became ill 17 days after delivery, and died 2 days later because of toxoplasmic hepatitis and pneumonia. In litter 4, three kittens, approximately 1 month old, were shedding Toxoplama gondii-like oocysts, and the organism was identified histologically in tissues of 1 of them. In litter 5, one 3-week-old kitten out of 4 became ill. Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts were found in feces and T gondii organisms were found in histologic sections of tissues. C1 ANGELL MEM ANIM HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02130. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 203 IS 11 BP 1546 EP 1549 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MH806 UT WOS:A1993MH80600013 PM 8288476 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JF MILLER, DA POST, JE JOHNSON, RC MAGNARELLI, LA ANDREADIS, TG AF ANDERSON, JF MILLER, DA POST, JE JOHNSON, RC MAGNARELLI, LA ANDREADIS, TG TI ISOLATION OF LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS SEROVAR GRIPPOTYPHOSA FROM THE SKIN OF A DOG SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE CANINE SPECIES; LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS-GRIPPOTY-PHOSA; SKIN ID LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; CULTIVATION AB Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa was isolated from the skin of a 14-year-old male dog with deteriorating health. Necropsy revealed numerous lesions characteristic of aged dogs, but no evidence of acute hepatitis or nephritis, which are common features of pathogenic Leptospira infections. Antibody to Leptospira was not detected in the dog's serum by microagglutination. Leptospires grew slowly in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium, a medium commonly used to isolate Borrelia, but then grew abundantly in Tween 80-bovine albumin leptospire medium. The isolate was pathogenic to hamster and was identified by microagglutination and restriction endonuclease analysis. C1 USDA,APHIS,VS,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PATHOBIOL,STORRS,CT 06268. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP ANDERSON, JF (reprint author), CONNECTICUT AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,POB 1106,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-30548] NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 203 IS 11 BP 1550 EP 1551 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MH806 UT WOS:A1993MH80600014 PM 8288477 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP CARPENTER, JL AF DUBEY, JP CARPENTER, JL TI HISTOLOGICALLY CONFIRMED CLINICAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN CATS - 100 CASES (1952-1990) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; GONDII-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES; SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; INFECTION; ANTIGENS; PREVALENCE; RESPONSES; CYSTS AB Tissue sections from 119 cats that died or were euthanatized (1952-1990) because of toxoplasmosis-like illness were reexamined for Toxoplasma gondii by direct microscopy and immunohistochemical staining with anti-T gondii serum. Clinical and pathologic data from 100 of these cats with histologically verified toxoplasmosis were then analyzed. Of these 100 cats, 36 were considered to have generalized toxoplasmosis, 26 predominantly pulmonary lesions, 16 abdominal, 1 hepatic, 1 parcreatic, 1 cardiac, 2 cutaneous, 7 neurologic, and 9 had neonatal toxoplasmosis. In 14 cats, concurrent microbial infections or other maladies were seen. Cats were 2 weeks to 16 years old (median, 2 years; mean, 4 years). Sixty-five cats were males and 34 were females; sex was not recorded for 1 cat. Of 67 cats that had rectal temperatures recorded, 49 (73%) had fever (40.0 to 41.7 C). Dyspnea, polypnea, and signs of abdominal discomfort were frequently observed. Toxoplasmosis had been confirmed antemortem in 8 cats; 4 had a serum antibody titer to T gondii of greater-than-or-equal 1:1,024; and T gondii had been found in cytologic evaluation of tracheal aspirates from 2 cats and pleural fluid from 1 cat, as well as in a biopsy specimen of a mesenteric lymph node from another. Of the 15 cats with T gondii serum-antibody titers determined by the Sabin-Feldman dye test, 6 had no antibody detected in 1:4 dilution of their serum. Indirect fluorescent antibody titers were found in 10 of 10 cats' sera tested. Forty-one eyes from 27 of the cats were examined microscopically. Twenty-two of the 27 cats (81.5%) had evidence of intraocular inflammation in one or both eyes. Multifocal iridocyclochoroiditis was the most common lesion and was seen in 18 (81.8%) of the cats with ophthalmitis. The ciliary body was the most often severely affected portion of the uvea. Of the 22 cats with ocular toxoplasmosis, T gondii was found in eyes of 10. Toxoplasma gondii was found in the retina of 5 cats, the choroid of 2, the optic nerve of 1, the iris of 3, and the ciliary body of 4. Toxoplasma gondii was identified in 80% of 55 brains, 70.0% of 90 livers, 76.7% of 86 lungs, 64.4% of 45 pancreata, 62.7% of 59 hearts, 45.8% of 72 spleens, 41.5% of 65 intestines, 17.7% of 61 kidneys, and 60.0% of 30 adrenal glands. C1 ANGELL MEM ANIM HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02130. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 58 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1993 VL 203 IS 11 BP 1556 EP 1566 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MH806 UT WOS:A1993MH80600016 PM 8288479 ER PT J AU SALOMON, RN FRIEDMAN, GB CALLOW, AD PAYNE, DD LIBBY, P AF SALOMON, RN FRIEDMAN, GB CALLOW, AD PAYNE, DD LIBBY, P TI CRYOPRESERVED AORTIC HOMOGRAFTS CONTAIN VIABLE SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS CAPABLE OF EXPRESSING TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS SO JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID TERM FOLLOW-UP; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SURFACE ANTIGENS; HLA-DR; POSITION AB Frozen aortic tissue is increasingly used as homografts in reconstructive cardiovascular surgical procedures. The viability of cells within these cryopreserved tissues, their identity, and their potential immunogenicity have been the subject of controversy. We cultured cells from cryopreserved human aortic homografts that reacted with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes muscle actin isoforms, identifying them as smooth muscle cells. Under basal conditions, these smooth muscle cells contained messenger ribonucleic acid for class I human leukocyte antigens detected by northern blotting and expressed class I human leukocyte antigen on their surfaces as measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Unstimulated smooth muscle cells contained no class II human leukocyte antigen messenger ribonucleic acid as determined by northern blotting and displayed almost no class II surface antigen as determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Interferon gamma (1000 U/ml, 72 hours), a product of activated T lymphocytes, not only increased the expression of class I human leukocyte antigens by smooth muscle cells, but induced class II human leukocyte antigen messenger ribonucleic acid and elevated surface expression from 22 +/- 7 to 819 +/- 35 enzyme-linked immunoassay units (n = 4). Immunohistochemistry revealed few class II-positive smooth muscle cells under basal culture conditions, but all cells showed high levels of DR antigen after exposure to interferon gamma for 3 days. Similar results were obtained in two independent isolates. We conclude that cryopreserved aortic homografts can contain viable smooth muscle cells capable of expressing major histocompatibility antigens that might render them immunogenic and susceptible to rejection by the recipient's immune system. C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT SURG,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,DEPT SURG,BOSTON,MA 02111. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,VASC MED & ATHEROSCLEROSIS UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP SALOMON, RN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BIOAVAILABIL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-5223 J9 J THORAC CARDIOV SUR JI J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 106 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1180 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA ML655 UT WOS:A1993ML65500031 PM 8246556 ER PT J AU MATTHEWS, KR OLIVER, SP AF MATTHEWS, KR OLIVER, SP TI ENCAPSULATION OF STREPTOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM BOVINE-MILK SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE SERIES B-ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN REIHE B-INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CAPSULE; EXPRESSION; MASTITIS; UBERIS; ENDOCARDITIS; PHAGOCYTOSIS; GLYCOCALYX; ANTIBODIES AB Capsule expression was assessed by India ink staining in 95 streptococcal and enterococcal isolates representing 8 species. Organisms were evaluated after primary culture on blood agar and after storage in 10 % skim milk at -80 degrees C. Seventeen of 95 primary culture samples were positive for an unstained halo (capsule) by India ink. Only 3 isolates were positive for capsule after being maintained for an extended period of time. To confirm results of India ink tests, an unencapsulated and encapsulated strain of each species was observed by electron microscopy. Cells of encapsulated strains were surrounded by thread-like fibers indicative of capsule, whereas cells of unencapsulated strains had a smooth surface. The importance of capsule in the pathogenesis of streptococcal mastitis is unknown. Studies on capsule expression by streptococci may facilitate investigations on the pathogenesis of streptococcal mastitis. C1 USDA ARS,KNOXVILLE,TN. RP MATTHEWS, KR (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,INST AGR,DEPT ANIM SCI,POB 1071,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1793 J9 J VET MED B JI J. Vet. Med. Ser. B-Zent.bl. Vet. Med. Reihe B-Infect. Dis. Vet. Public PD DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 9-10 BP 597 EP 602 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MT040 UT WOS:A1993MT04000001 ER PT J AU BONA, L WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC MATUZ, J AF BONA, L WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC MATUZ, J TI SCREENING WHEAT AND OTHER SMALL GRAINS FOR ACID SOIL TOLERANCE SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Scientific Conference on New Strategies for Sustainable Rural Development CY MAR 22-25, 1993 CL GODOLLO, HUNGARY SP UN FAO, HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, MINIST AGR HUNGARY, INT FEDERAT ORGANIC FARMING, GODOLLO UNIV AGR SCI ID ALUMINUM; TOXICITY; SUBSOIL; GROWTH AB Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils is a major growth-limiting factor for cereal crops in many parts of the world. The most striking effect of high Al concentration in acid soils is stunting of the root system. Liming reduces Al toxicity in surface soils; however, cereal breeders must be prepared to develop cultivars that have tolerance to soil acidity. A 4 day root bioassay, originally used to identify Al toxic soils, was adapted to evaluate tolerance to soil acidity of cereal species and genotypes. Acid soil tolerance was related to the extent of inhibition of root elongation in an Al-toxic soil (pH 4.2) relative to root elongation in the same soil treated with lime (pH 5.2). Of the entries, 18% were tolerant or moderately tolerant, and 48% were susceptible or moderately susceptible when 75 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were tested. None of the 22 entries of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were tolerant or moderately tolerant, indicating much lower adaptability to soil acidity than bread wheat. The following ranking of acid soil tolerance of cereal species was obtained: rye (Secale cereale L.) > oats (Avena sativa L.) > millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) > bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) > barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) > durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Variation in tolerance within the other cereal species was much lower than within bread wheat species. The root bioassay method is relatively quick, simple and inexpensive. The method can also be used to screen early-generation populations because assayed seedlings are still viable and can be transplanted for growing until harvest. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BONA, L (reprint author), CEREAL RES INST,POB 391,H-6701 SZEGED,HUNGARY. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2-4 BP 175 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(93)90046-G PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA MU562 UT WOS:A1993MU56200013 ER PT J AU PROBST, JR WEINRICH, J AF PROBST, JR WEINRICH, J TI RELATING KIRTLANDS WARBLER POPULATION TO CHANGING LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BREEDING DENSITY; CARRYING CAPACITY; DENDROICA-KIRTLANDII; FIRE ECOLOGY; MINIMUM AREA REQUIREMENTS; POPULATION PROJECTIONS AB The population of male Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) in the breeding season has averaged 206 from 1971 to 1987. The Kirtland's warbler occupies dense jack pine (Pinus banksiana) barrens from 5 to 23 years old and from 1.4 to 5.0 m high, formerly of wildfire origin. In 1984, 73% of the males censused were found in habitat naturally regenerated from wildfire or prescribed burning. The rest were in plantations (11%) orin harvested, unburned jack pine stands stocked by natural regeneration (16%). Twenty-two percent (630 of 2,886) of the Kirtland's warbler males counted in the annual censuses from 1971 through 1984 were found in 26 stands that were unburned and naturally regenerated following harvest. From 1982 to 1987, suitable regenerating areas were barely sufficient to replace currently occupied maturing stands, so population growth was impeded. Ecosystems of suitable size and regeneration characteristics (wildfire and plantation) doubled in area by 1989. In response, the population of Kirtland's warblers increased from 167 to 398 males between 1987 and 1992, but they withdrew almost entirely from the unburned, unplanted barrens by 1989 when the area of more suitable regeneration types increased. Minimum (368 males) and maximum (542 males) population estimates for 1996 were calculated based on 1984 average density (1.9 males per 40 ha) and peak population in burns (2.8 males per 40 ha). RP PROBST, JR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 0 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 13 PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI LELYSTAD PA PLATINASTRAAT 33, 8211 AR LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 257 EP 271 DI 10.1007/BF00125132 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA MN736 UT WOS:A1993MN73600003 ER PT J AU KUYKENDALL, LD GAUR, YD DUTTA, SK AF KUYKENDALL, LD GAUR, YD DUTTA, SK TI GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG RHIZOBIUM STRAINS FROM CICER-ARIETINUM L SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Following bacteriological cloning and determination of their symbiotic performance, 15 representative, diverse strains of chickpea rhizobia were genetically analysed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Analyses of genomic DNAs showed several different groups. Almost half (7) of the strains examined were very similar and clearly represented a single species. There was a related group of four strains which could be a subspecies. There was also one distinct group of four strains which were apparently unrelated to the reference strain 3377. This latter group may constitute a separate species. Phenotypic differences should be investigated further. C1 INDIAN AGR RES CTR,DIV MICROBIOL,NEW DELHI,DELHI,INDIA. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RP KUYKENDALL, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 17 IS 6 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1993.tb01461.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MM773 UT WOS:A1993MM77300003 ER PT J AU HELM, R COCKRELL, G SHARKEY, P BRENNER, R BURKS, AW AF HELM, R COCKRELL, G SHARKEY, P BRENNER, R BURKS, AW TI IN-VITRO TRANSLATION OF RNA FROM THE GERMAN-COCKROACH BLATTELLA-GERMANICA SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL EXTRACTS; WHOLE-BODY; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; ALLERGENS; ANTIGENS AB The translation of mRNA within total RNA of German (Blattella germanica) cockroaches was performed using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Analysis of the translation products by SDS-PAGE and combined autoradiography revealed several synthesized proteins with apparent molecular weights ranging from 20 kD to 110 kD. SDS-PAGE/Western blotting of non-radiolabeled translation products and incubation with human serum with IgE to cockroach allergens showed the presence of a 36 kD and 50 kD allergen. The confirmation of the translation of the cockroach allergens from total RNA is an important first step in the cloning of cockroach allergens. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202. USDA,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP HELM, R (reprint author), ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP,800 MARSHALL ST,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI9126629-04] NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 30 IS 18 BP 1685 EP 1688 DI 10.1016/0161-5890(93)90443-F PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA MP674 UT WOS:A1993MP67400009 PM 8272080 ER PT J AU YOSHIDA, M CRAN, DG PURSEL, VG AF YOSHIDA, M CRAN, DG PURSEL, VG TI CONFOCAL AND FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPIC STUDY USING LECTINS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF CORTICAL GRANULES DURING THE MATURATION AND FERTILIZATION OF PIG OOCYTES SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE PEANUT AGGLUTININ; LASER MICROSCOPY; FITC-PNA ID INVITRO FERTILIZATION; PERIVITELLINE SPACE; MEIOTIC MATURATION; MOUSE OOCYTE; EMBRYOS; SURFACE; INVIVO; EGG AB A study was carried out to determine whether pig cortical granules (CGs) could be visualized using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled lectins. Following labelling with FITC-labelled peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA), fluorescent spots were observed that had a distribution during maturation and fertilization entirely consistent with that observed by electron microscopy. For the first 18 h of in vitro maturation, most of the fluorescent spots of FITC-PNA were distributed throughout the cortical cytoplasm. Thereafter, the CGs underwent centrifugal migration to form a monolayer next to the plasma membrane. Following penetration by sperm, fluorescent spots were extruded into the perivitelline space, where they aggregated forming fluorescent clumps, which subsequently formed a reticulate structure surrounding the egg. Fluorescence was gradually lost such that by 18 h after insemination none could be detected in 70% of the eggs. The results indicate that CGs in pig oocytes contain galactosyl-rich glycoconjugates and that FITC-PNA is a useful probe for their rapid visualization and examination. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AFRC,INST ANIM PHYSIOL & GENET RES,DEPT MOLEC EMBRYOL,CAMBRIDGE CB2 4AT,ENGLAND. NR 34 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 462 EP 468 DI 10.1002/mrd.1080360409 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA MJ620 UT WOS:A1993MJ62000008 PM 8305208 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JB VANDERMEER, RK AF ANDERSON, JB VANDERMEER, RK TI MAGNETIC ORIENTATION IN THE FIRE ANT, SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Note ID BEHAVIOR; CUES C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ZOOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD DEC PY 1993 VL 80 IS 12 BP 568 EP 570 DI 10.1007/BF01149274 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MN995 UT WOS:A1993MN99500008 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, JO SLESSOR, KN WINSTON, ML AF SCHMIDT, JO SLESSOR, KN WINSTON, ML TI ROLES OF NASONOV AND QUEEN PHEROMONES IN ATTRACTION OF HONEYBEE SWARMS SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Note ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; BEE; HYMENOPTERA; INHIBITION; APIDAE C1 SIMON FRASER UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BURNABY V5A 1S6,BC,CANADA. SIMON FRASER UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,BURNABY V5A 1S6,BC,CANADA. RP SCHMIDT, JO (reprint author), USDA,ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD DEC PY 1993 VL 80 IS 12 BP 573 EP 575 DI 10.1007/BF01149276 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MN995 UT WOS:A1993MN99500010 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, GD GRAY, FA JOHNSON, DA CREBS, DL AF GRIFFIN, GD GRAY, FA JOHNSON, DA CREBS, DL TI PATHOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP OF MELOIDOGYNE-HAPLA AND PHYTOPHTHORA-MEGASPERMA F SP MEDICAGINIS IN MEDICAGO-SATIVA L - IMPORTANCE OF INOCULATION TIMING, SOIL TEXTURE, AND TEMPERATURE SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; MEDICAGO SATIVA; MELOIDOGYNE HAPLA; NEMATODE RESISTANCE; PHYTOPHTHORA MEGASPERMA F SP; MEDICAGINIS; PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT; REPRODUCTIVE INDEX; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SHOOT WEIGHT; SOIL TEXTURE; SURVIVAL; TEMPERATURE AB The effects of inoculation timing, soil texture, and temperature on the interaction between Meloidogyne hapla and Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis were studied on three alfalfa cultivars. Plant survival of cultivars 'Deseret' (susceptible to both pathogens) and 'Apollo II' (resistant only to the fungus) decreased, and plant growth was suppressed compared to uninoculated controls when inoculation with M. hapla preceded inoculation with P. m. f. sp. medicaginis. Survival and growth of 'Nev Syn XX' (resistant to both pathogens) were affected little or none by any inoculation treatment. Survival of Deseret inoculated with both pathogens was less in clay loam soil than in sandy loam soil, and shoot growth was suppressed in sandy loam, sandy-clay loam, and clay loam soils. Nematode reproduction and root galling induced by M. hapla were not affected when inoculation with M. hapla preceded inoculation with the fungus, but increased as a result of preinoculation with the fungus. When all three cultivars were inoculated with both pathogens and then grown at 16, 20, 24, and 28 degrees C, the greatest suppression of shoot growth and the smallest percentage of plants surviving occurred on Deseret at 28 degrees C. Growth of Apollo II was less affected by temperature than was Deseret, whereas temperature had little or no affect on Nev Syn XX. RP GRIFFIN, GD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,US ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2 BP 183 EP 193 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MV300 UT WOS:A1993MV30000008 ER PT J AU SINHA, R SMITH, JC SOARES, JH AF SINHA, R SMITH, JC SOARES, JH TI THE EFFECT OF DIETARY VITAMIN-D METABOLITES AND ZINC ON NORMAL AND ECTOPIC BONE-FORMATION IN WEANLING RATS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-D(3); 1,25(OH)2D3; ZINC; FEMUR; HUMERUS; TIBIA; SCAPULA; MANDIBLE; ECTOPIC BONE; DEMINERALIZED BONE IMPLANTS ID TISSUE-CULTURE; CALCIUM; 1,25(OH)2D3; CHOLECALCIFEROL; ENHANCEMENT; SULFATE; GROWTH AB The effect of dietary supplementation of rats with vitamin D metabolites and zinc was examined in selected bones and a short-term in vivo implant model. A 2x2x3 factorial design was utilized with two vitamin D metabolites (cholecalciferol-D3 or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-1,25(OH)2D3); two levels of dietary zinc (marginal-4.5, and adequate-10 ug/)g diet; and three time periods (11, 14 and 21 days after implantation). Seventy-two female weanling Long-Evans rats were fed their respective diets for three weeks before subcutaneous implantation with demineralized bone powder. The animals were injected intraperitoneally with Ca-45 (0.5uCi/g body weight) 14 h before sacrificing. The ectopic bone implants as well as the femurs, tibias, humeri, scapulas and mandibles were obtained 11, 14 and 21 days following implantation. Implants were fixed, sectioned and stained with toluidine blue The specific bones and the implants were analyzed for calcium, zinc and Ca-45. There was higher calcium concentration in the femurs of animals fed D3 compared to 1,25(OH)2D3. Activities of enzymes (alkaline phosphatase-marker for formation, and acid phosphatase-marker for resorption) were quantitated in the implants. Enzyme activities, mineral deposition and presence of osteoblasts and osteoclasts all provided definitive evidence that the implant system was mimicking the typical dynamic processes normally occurring in bone tissues. An interaction between the form of vitamin D (D3 VS 1,25(OH)2D3) and level of zinc fed to the rats was demonstrated in the implants; calcium and zinc concentrations were higher in the implants of rats fed D3 and adequate zinc than rats fed 1,25(OH)2D3 and adequate zinc. In summary, adequate dietary zinc concentration modulates the effects of vitamin D metabolites; also D3 form has a greater anabolic effect on integrity of the bone than 1,25(OH)2D3. Furthermore, femur appears to be more sensitive than the other bones tested to changes in calcium concentration due to the two forms of vitamin D. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,NUTR SCI PROGRAM,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,GRAD PROGRAM NUTR,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. RI Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1393 EP 1405 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80789-4 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MJ874 UT WOS:A1993MJ87400004 ER PT J AU REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL BOBILYA, DJ AF REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL BOBILYA, DJ TI ZINC-INDUCED METALLOTHIONEIN AND COPPER-METABOLISM IN INTESTINAL-MUCOSA, LIVER, AND KIDNEY OF RATS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZINC; COPPER; METALLOTHIONEIN; INTESTINE; KIDNEY; LIVER; ABSORPTION; RAT ID HEPATIC-METABOLISM; MUTUAL ANTAGONISM; DIETARY ZINC; ABSORPTION; DISEASE; CERULOPLASMIN; INVOLVEMENT; TRANSPORT; MODEL; ASSAY AB Large doses of parenteral zinc (Zn) and/or the feeding of high Zn diets to animals or humans for long periods affects copper (Cu) metabolism. Previous work suggests that Zn-induced metallothionein (MT) in intestinal epithelial cells binds Cu and inhibits its absorption. This study was designed to determine the effects of treating rats with high dietary or parenteral Zn on Cu metabolism and its relationship to MT in the intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney. Six-week-old male rats were fed for one week a control dict containing 42 mg Zn and 6 mg Cu/kg. They were then divided into three groups. One group continued to receive the control diet while another received a similar dict containing 560 mg Zn/kg. A third group, fed the control diet, received a subcutaneous dose of 90 mg Zn/kg body weight every 2-3 days for the duration of the experiment. Rats from each group were killed on days 7 and 14. Low Cu status in Zn-treated rats was indicated by lower than normal serum Cu concentration, serum ceruloplasmin activity, low liver and kidney Cu concentrations and low cytochrome C oxidase activity. None of these changes, however, were related to an increase in Cu as a result of Zn-induced MT in the intestinal epithelial cell. Instead, as the MT concentrations rose, Cu concentration decreased. This study suggests that the effects of high Zn treatment on Cu status are not the result of the long-held theory that Zn-induced intestinal MT sequesters Cu and prevents its passage to the circulation. Instead, it may be caused by a direct effect of high lumenal Zn concentrations on Cu transport into the epithelial cell. RP REEVES, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1419 EP 1431 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80791-2 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MJ874 UT WOS:A1993MJ87400006 ER PT J AU TUCKER, K HEDGES, TR AF TUCKER, K HEDGES, TR TI FOOD SHORTAGES AND AN EPIDEMIC OF OPTIC AND PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN CUBA SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB From late 1991 to mid-1993, cases of optic neuropathy of unknown etiology, which first appeared in unusual numbers in a western province of Cuba, spread and multiplied throughout the island. The dominant symptoms changed, becoming increasingly those of peripheral neuropathy. Incidence rates peaked in April 1993. An estimated 50,000 cases were reported. The majority were adult men and women (aged about 25-65), with comparatively few children or elderly people being affected. The cause has yet to be delineated. However, food shortages and radical changes in diet resulting from the longstanding US trade embargo and the recent loss of Eastern Europe as Cuba's trading partner have compromised nutritional status, especially B-vitamin sufficiency, and appear to be related to the neuropathic illnesses. In April 1993, the Cuban government began distributing vitamin supplements to every citizen. Causal hypotheses include tobacco-alcohol or ''nutritional'' amblyopia; cyanide toxicity from cassava; toxic legumes introduced as supplements to scarce flour; other toxins, for example pesticides, or a ''blue mold'' on tobacco; enterovirus; and a hereditary enzyme deficiency in affected persons. None of these factors appears to be present in all cases, but it is generally believed that an interaction of some toxin or toxins, in combination with nutritional deficiency, is likely to be the major cause. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW ENGLAND EYE CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP TUCKER, K (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 17 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 51 IS 12 BP 349 EP 357 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MN191 UT WOS:A1993MN19100001 PM 8108040 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP LINDSAY, DS AF DUBEY, JP LINDSAY, DS TI NEOSPOROSIS SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Review ID CYST-FORMING SPOROZOON; CANINUM INFECTION; TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION; PROTOZOAN INFECTION; DAIRY-CATTLE; DOGS; ABORTION; APICOMPLEXA; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; TACHYZOITES AB Neospora caninum is a recently recognized protozoan parasite of animals, which, until 1988, was misdiagnosed as Toxoplasma gondii. Neospora caninum or Neospora-like parasites, here discussed by J.P. Dubey and David Lindsay, cause paralysis and death in dogs and neonatal mortality and abortion in cattle, sheep, goats and horses. C1 AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOON DIS LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 51 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD DEC PY 1993 VL 9 IS 12 BP 452 EP 458 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(93)90099-2 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA MH893 UT WOS:A1993MH89300006 PM 15463690 ER PT J AU REVELLE, LK DOUB, WH WILSON, RT HARRIS, MH RUTTER, AM AF REVELLE, LK DOUB, WH WILSON, RT HARRIS, MH RUTTER, AM TI IDENTIFICATION AND ISOLATION OF CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE IMPURITIES SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE; IMPURITIES; IDENTIFICATION; ISOLATION; HPLC-MS; FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY; HPLC-UV ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESOLUTION; PRODUCTS AB We report the identification of 11 impurities in variously stressed chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) solutions. The structural assignment of each CHG impurity involved tentative identification from HPLC-MS data followed by synthesis of the appropriate standard, isolation of the impurity from the CHG solution by flash chromatography, and comparison of HPLC-MS, HPLC-UV, and NMR data of the impurity with the standard. Six of the synthetic impurity standards represent new compounds. Degradation studies of CHG solutions systematically stressed by heat, light, and low pH are reported with identification and approximate quantification of resulting impurities. Degradation mechanisms were proposed for each set of stress conditions applied to CHG solutions. Parallels were noted between the way CHG degrades in the thermospray interface of the HPLC-MS and the way CHG degrades with shelf time. Similarities were noted in the synthetic starting materials of CHG and the final degradation products. C1 USDA,FSIS MIDWESTERN LAB,ST LOUIS,MO 63115. RP REVELLE, LK (reprint author), US FDA,DIV DRUG ANAL,1114 MARKET ST,ROOM 1002,ST LOUIS,MO 63101, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1777 EP 1784 DI 10.1023/A:1018986501194 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA MN096 UT WOS:A1993MN09600014 PM 8302766 ER PT J AU WHITMARSH, J ECKERT, HJ SCHONEICH, C RENGER, G AF WHITMARSH, J ECKERT, HJ SCHONEICH, C RENGER, G TI FUNCTIONAL SIZE OF PHOTOSYSTEM-II DETERMINED BY RADIATION INACTIVATION SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PHOTOSYSTEM II; WATER OXIDATION; RADIATION INACTIVATION; D1/D2/CYTOCHROME B(559) REACTION CENTER ID OXYGEN EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR-SIZE; 33-KDA PROTEIN; MANGANESE; SPINACH; CYTOCHROME-B-559; DELETION; COMPLEX AB The functional size of Photosystem II (PS II) was investigated by radiation inactivation. The technique provides an estimate of the functional mass required for a specific reaction and depends on irradiating samples with high energy gamma-rays and assaying the remaining activity. The analysis is based on target theory that has been modified to take into account the temperature dependence of radiation inactivation of proteins. Using PS II enriched membranes isolated from spinach we determined the functional size of primary charge separation coupled to water oxidation and quinone reduction at the Q(B) site: H2O --> (Mn)(4) --> Y-2 --> P680 --> Pheophytin --> Q --> phenyl-p-benzoquinone. Radiation inactivation analysis indicates a functional mass of 88 +/- 12 kDa for electron transfer from water to phenyl-p-benzoquinone. It is likely that the reaction center heterodimer polypeptides, D1 and D2, contribute approximately 70 kDa to the functional mass, in which case polypeptides adding up to approximately 20 kDa remain to be identified. Likely candidates are the alpha and beta subunits of cytochrome b(559) and the 4.5 kDA psbI gene product. C1 HAHN MEITNER INST BERLIN GMBH, BERLIN, GERMANY. UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA,AGR RES SERV,DEPT PLANT BIOL, PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP TECH UNIV BERLIN, MAX VOLMER INST BIOPHYS & PHYS CHEM, W-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 EI 1573-5079 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 3 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1007/BF00046762 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MX417 UT WOS:A1993MX41700017 PM 24317991 ER PT J AU ISHIDA, BK BALDWIN, EA BUTTERY, RG CHUI, SH LING, LC AF ISHIDA, BK BALDWIN, EA BUTTERY, RG CHUI, SH LING, LC TI FLAVOR VOLATILES, SUGARS AND COLOR DEVELOPMENT IN RIPENING IN-VITRO-CULTURED TOMATO FRUIT AND CALYX SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CALYX; COLOR; DEVELOPMENT; IN VITRO CULTURE; LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM; RIPENING; SUGARS; TOMATO ID AROMA VOLATILES; FRESH AB Previous studies showed that the developmental program of calyces of a tomato cultivar (Lycopersicon esculentum, cv. VFNT Cherry) changed in many aspects to that of fruit when cultured in vitro. The calyces turned red, produced ethylene, had increased tissue content of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, had increased levels of the mRNA of polygalacturonase and developed ultrastructural changes in their cell walls that were indistinguishable from those of ripe tomato fruit tissue. We report in the present study the synthesis of volatile flavor compounds, changes in sugar concentrations and color development in cultured calyces that are characteristic of ripening tomato fruit. These ripening parameters of in vitro-cultured tomato fruit were also compared to those of fruit grown in the greenhouse. C1 US ARS,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883. RP ISHIDA, BK (reprint author), US ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 89 IS 4 BP 861 EP 867 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MU813 UT WOS:A1993MU81300026 ER PT J AU KRONBERG, SL WALKER, JW FITZGERALD, JA AF KRONBERG, SL WALKER, JW FITZGERALD, JA TI FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OF GRAZING RUMINANTS EXPERIENCING STRESS SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE CONDITIONED FOOD AVERSION; CORTISOL; HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; STRESS; PREEXPOSURE; LEAFY SPURGE; EUPHORBIA ESULA ID CONDITIONED TASTE-AVERSION; AREA POSTREMA; RATS; DEXAMETHASONE; LITHIUM; ATTENUATION; RELEASE AB The mechanisms underlying diet selection of ruminants are less studied than those for monogastrics. However, recent studies have shown that these mechanisms may be more similar in ruminants and monogastrics than previously believed. Food aversion learning is observed in both monogastrics and ruminants, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis appears to be involved in avoidance learning. Using leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), an introduced weed whose expansion has costly ecological and economic implications in western North America, as a model for underconsumed plant species, we hypothesized that sheep experience increased cortisol levels when they first consume leafy spurge and that this may be related to their reluctance to graze it. We also hypothesized that preexposure to leafy spurge would attenuate the development of a spurge-based aversion. Correspondingly, we hypothesized that preexposed sheep would not experience increased blood cortisol levels with leafy spurge gavage during an aversion trial. None of our hypotheses were disproved by the experiments. Our results lend support to the hypothesis that stress is required for the development of conditioned taste aversions and extend it to ruminants. We suggest that activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is integral to food aversion learning in ruminants. C1 USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPTL STN,DUBOIS,ID. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1191 EP 1194 DI 10.1016/0031-9384(93)90347-I PG 4 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA MG829 UT WOS:A1993MG82900027 PM 8295963 ER PT J AU COTTY, PJ BAYMAN, P AF COTTY, PJ BAYMAN, P TI COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION OF A TOXIGENIC STRAIN OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS BY AN ATOXIGENIC STRAIN SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE-NONUTILIZING MUTANTS; AFLATOXIN-PRODUCTION; COTTONSEED; INHIBITION; NIGER; CORN AB Several experiments were employed to test the role of competition in the ability of an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus to inhibit the aflatoxin contamination of developing cotton bells. In initial tests, nitrate-nonutilizing mutants were used to follow seed infection by toxigenic and atoxigenic strains of A. flavus in coinoculated bells. Competitive exclusion was found to contribute to the effect of the atoxigenic strain on contamination, but results suggested a second mechanism may also have been in effect. Aflatoxin contamination by the toxigenic strain was similarly inhibited by an atoxigenic strain in vivo and in liquid fermentation, and the atoxigenic strain was equally effective when applied at spore concentrations either equal to those of the toxigenic strain or one-half those of the toxigenic strain. The atoxigenic strain reduced aflatoxin production in vitro when mycelial balls of the two strains were mixed after a 48-h fermentation period, which suggested that close intertwining of mycelia was not required and that aflatoxin biosynthesis could be interrupted even after initiation. The atoxigenic strain did not degrade aflatoxins in vitro, and both culture filtrates and mycelial extracts of the atoxigenic strain stimulated aflatoxin production by the toxigenic strain. The results suggest that the atoxigenic strain may interfere with the contamination process both by physically excluding the toxigenic strain during infection and by competing for nutrients required for aflatoxin biosynthesis. RP COTTY, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 33 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1283 EP 1287 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-1283 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MR627 UT WOS:A1993MR62700003 ER PT J AU SIMCOX, KD BENNETZEN, JL AF SIMCOX, KD BENNETZEN, JL TI THE USE OF MOLECULAR MARKERS TO STUDY SETOSPHAERIA-TURCICA RESISTANCE IN MAIZE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENE MAPPING ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; EXSEROHILUM-TURCICUM; GENE HTN; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-TURCICUM; DISEASE RESISTANCE; LEAF-BLIGHT; MAJOR GENE; CORN; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENT AB To facilitate understanding of the molecular basis of Htn1 resistance in maize to northern corn leaf blight, we mapped the Htn1 locus by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Linkage with the Htn1 locus, using a backcross population, was initially detected with the RFLP probe UMC16, which hybridized to two loci: UMC16A on the long arm of chromosome three and the unmapped locus UMC16B. Independent assortment of Htn1 with UMC16A and linkage to UMC16B was verified with RFLP markers closely flanking UMC16A on the long arm of chromosome three. Information obtained from previous studies, detailing duplicate loci in maize, indicated that RFLP loci in the region around UMC16A are duplicated on the long arm of chromosome eight in the region of Idh1. RFLP loci mapping within this region on chromosome eight detected linkage with both Htn1 and UMC16B. Analysis of additional backcross progeny mapped the Htn1 locus 0.8 cM (centi-Morgans) distal to UMC117, near the recently reported location of the Ht2 locus. Segregation analysis of F-2 progeny from crosses of the inbred W22Htn1 with A619Ht2 confirmed the linkage of Htn1 with Ht1. RFLP analysis of susceptible F-2 progeny indicates that Htn1 and Ht2 are not allelic, and Ht2 maps are approximately 10 cM proximal to Htn1. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP SIMCOX, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1326 EP 1330 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-1326 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MR627 UT WOS:A1993MR62700010 ER PT J AU DOEHLERT, DC WICKLOW, DT GARDNER, HW AF DOEHLERT, DC WICKLOW, DT GARDNER, HW TI EVIDENCE IMPLICATING THE LIPOXYGENASE PATHWAY IN PROVIDING RESISTANCE TO SOYBEANS AGAINST ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF-DERIVED VOLATILES; HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE; FATTY-ACIDS; GLYCINE-MAX AB The fungus, Aspergillus flavus, secretes lipases while parasitizing oilseed hosts and may contaminate the seed with aflatoxin. We found that exogenous lipase applied to soybean cotyledons results in the generation of volatile aldehydes by the lipoxygenase pathway that halts the growth of fungi. Volatiles generated from untreated homogenized soybeans did not affect the germination of A. flavus spores in a closed petri plate assay in which spores were streaked on corn-meal agar and soybean homogenate was placed on the lid of the inverted plate. When lipase (500 units/ml) was added to the soybean homogenate, all fungal spore germination was inhibited. However, the addition of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (a lipoxygenase inhibitor) to the soybean homogenate/lipase mixture partially reversed the inhibition of spore germination. The extent of spore germination was dependent on both the number of soybean cotyledons in the homogenate and the activity of the added lipase. Addition of linoleic or linolenic acids to the homogenates also inhibited spore germination, whereas palmitic, stearic, or oleic acid had no effect, compared to untreated homogenates. Headspace analysis indicated that hexanal, a product of the lipoxygenase pathway with known antifungal activity, was the major volatile generated from lipase-treated homogenates. Soybeans are exceptional among oil-rich seed crops in that they are resistant to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination. Our evidence strongly suggests that the lipoxygenase pathway may contribute to this resistance. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1473 EP 1477 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-1473 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MR627 UT WOS:A1993MR62700019 ER PT J AU CHEN, XM LINE, RF LEUNG, H AF CHEN, XM LINE, RF LEUNG, H TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIRULENCE VARIATION AND DNA POLYMORPHISM IN PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; YELLOW RUST OF WHEAT ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; STRIPE RUST RESISTANCE; LEPTOSPHAERIA-MACULANS; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; PATHOTYPE; RACES; RAPD AB One-hundred, fifteen single-urediospore isolates from 23 collections (five isolates per collection) of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (stripe rust of wheat) selected to represent different regions in North America and different virulence patterns were analyzed for variation in virulence and DNA polymorphism. Virulence characterization was based on the expression of infection types on 15 wheat cultivars used to differentiate races of P. striiformis in North America. Of the 23 collections, 20 had uniformly different virulence patterns, i.e., each of the 20 collections was a different race, and all five isolates of each collection had the same virulence pattern. Two collections consisted of isolates with two virulence patterns, and one collection consisted of isolates with three virulence patterns. Of the 26 virulence patterns (races), four (designated as races CDL-47, CDL-48, CDL-49, and CDL-50) had not been detected previously. DNA poly morphism was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. Random primers were used to amplify DNA extracted from the 115 isolates. Of 107 RAPD bands that were amplified with 11 random primers, 47% were polymorphic. DNA polymorphism was detected among races and among single-spore isolates within races. Race CDL-21, originally collected from triticale in California, was different from other races in 13% of the RAPD bands and had only 67% similarity with other races. All other races were more closely related (about 80% similarity). Based on cluster analyses, the 115 isolates were placed in six virulence and five RAPD groups. The correlation coefficient between the virulence and RAPD similarity matrices was low (0.20). Cluster analysis based on RAPD data separated isolates virulent on stripe rust-resistance gene Yr1 from those avirulent on Yr1. Virulence groups were highly associated with epidemic regions. RAPD groups generally were not associated with geographic regions. The low association between virulence and RAPD patterns indicates that DNA polymorphisms are independent of virulence, and selection for virulence by growing hosts with race-specific resistance plays a major role in determining the race structure of the pathogen. C1 USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL AGR,PULLMAN,WA. RP CHEN, XM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 36 TC 105 Z9 169 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 1993 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1489 EP 1497 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-1489 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MR627 UT WOS:A1993MR62700022 ER PT J AU TU, SI PATTERSON, D BRAUER, D AF TU, SI PATTERSON, D BRAUER, D TI NADH-LINKED FERRICYANIDE AND CYTOCHROME-C REDUCTION ACTIVITIES IN CORN ROOT PLASMA-MEMBRANE SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN ROOTS; ELECTRON TRANSFER; NADH-LINKED REDUCTION; PLASMA MEMBRANE ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; INSIDE-OUT; VESICLES; PURIFICATION AB Corn root plasma membrane catalyzed NADH reduction of ferricyanide and cytochrome c over a wide pH range. At pH 7.5, apparent K(m)s of NADH-cytochrome c pair were significantly lower than those of NADH-ferricyanide pair. FMN and polylysine respectively enhanced the reduction of ferricyanide and cytochrome c. Yet, polyaspartate decreased the ferricyanide reduction. NADH oxidation observed in the presence of both ferricyanide and cytochrome c was significantly slower than the sum of rates obtained with individual acceptors. The results suggest that the membrane may contain different but not totally independent reduction sites for cytochrome c and ferricyanide. RP TU, SI (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1213 EP 1218 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA MP481 UT WOS:A1993MP48100007 ER PT J AU ESNARD, J FERWERDA, F RIVERAAMADOR, E HEPPERLY, PR AF ESNARD, J FERWERDA, F RIVERAAMADOR, E HEPPERLY, PR TI INDUCTION OF TETRAPLOIDY IN THE TANIER CULTIVAR INGLESA [XANTHOSOMA-SAGITTIFOLIUM (L.) SCHOTT] SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Note DE XANTHOSOMA SAGITTIFOLIUM; ARACEAE; COCOYAM; TISSUE CULTURE; POLYPLOIDS; ROOT ROT; COLCHICINE AB Induction of tetraploidy in commercial tanier was successfully achieved in vitro. Tissue cultures of a tanier [Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott cv. 'Inglesa', 2n = 26] were established and maintained on modified nutrient media containing various concentrations of MURASHIGE and SKOOG basal salts, vitamins, sucrose, BA and IAA or 2,4-D. Cultures were exposed continuously for 8 days to 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/l colchicine incorporated in the media. The colchicine-treated tissue cultures yielded diploids (2n = 26), tetraploids (2n = 52) and aneuploids (2n - 2 = 24) respectively. The diploids produced on average one leaf and 4 suckers more per plant than the tetraploids, while plant height increased at about the same rate. Continuous exposure of tanier tissue cultures to colchicine is an effective method for the production of synthetic tetraploids that may be hybridized with non-commercial root rot-resistant tetraploids. C1 USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT HORT,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00680. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 111 IS 4 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00651.x PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA MU913 UT WOS:A1993MU91300011 ER PT J AU DOEHLERT, DC AF DOEHLERT, DC TI SINK STRENGTH - DYNAMIC WITH SOURCE STRENGTH SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID MAIZE; ENDOSPERM; KERNELS; STARCH RP DOEHLERT, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1027 EP 1028 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb02053.x PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MH668 UT WOS:A1993MH66800007 ER PT J AU SPIEGEL, S FRISON, EA CONVERSE, RH AF SPIEGEL, S FRISON, EA CONVERSE, RH TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THERAPY AND VIRUS-DETECTION PROCEDURES FOR INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF CLONAL PLANT GERM PLASM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; ERADICATION; RIBAVIRIN; ELIMINATION; INHIBITION; POLYMERASE; CULTURE; INVITRO C1 INT BOARD PLANT GENET RESOURCES,I-00145 ROME,ITALY. VOLCANI CTR,DEPT VIROL,BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1176 EP 1180 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MM590 UT WOS:A1993MM59000001 ER PT J AU BURNER, DM GRISHAM, MP LEGENDRE, BL AF BURNER, DM GRISHAM, MP LEGENDRE, BL TI RESISTANCE OF SUGARCANE RELATIVES INJECTED WITH USTILAGO-SCITAMINEA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SMUT; HERITABILITY; LOUISIANA AB We evaluated the resistance of 102 clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) relatives to Ustilago scitaminea, causal agent of sugarcane smut, in two greenhouse experiments. Relatives included Erianthus spp. section Ripidium, S. barberi/S. sinense, S. officinarum S. robustum, S. spontaneum, and Saccharum interspecific hybrids (cultivars). Clones of Erianthus spp. section Ripidium were the most resistant and clones of S. officinarum and S. robustum were the most susceptible of the six taxonomic groups included in the first experiment. Clones in the second experiment, predominantly S. spontaneum from recent germ plasm collection expeditions, were assigned to one of three groups depending on their geographic origin. Clones from India, Indonesia, and the Philippines had means of 1, 37, and 51% infection, respectively. Exotic, smut-resistant clones will be crossed with elite clones to enhance smut resistance in Louisiana sugarcane germ plasm. RP BURNER, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1221 EP 1223 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MM590 UT WOS:A1993MM59000010 ER PT J AU MCCARTER, SM PAYNE, JA AF MCCARTER, SM PAYNE, JA TI FIRE BLIGHT CAUSED BY ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA ON MAYHAW IN GEORGIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 USDA,FRUIT & TREE NUT LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. RP MCCARTER, SM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1262 EP 1262 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MM590 UT WOS:A1993MM59000020 ER PT J AU COOK, CG RIGGS, JL AF COOK, CG RIGGS, JL TI ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHYMATOTRICHUM OMNIVORUM FROM KENAF IN THE LOWER RIO-GRANDE VALLEY OF TEXAS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP COOK, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1263 EP 1263 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MM590 UT WOS:A1993MM59000028 ER PT J AU WUTSCHER, HK DERRICK, KS AF WUTSCHER, HK DERRICK, KS TI ROOTED AIR-LAYERED CUTTINGS FROM BLIGHT-AFFECTED ORANGE TREES FREE OF BLIGHT-SPECIFIC PROTEINS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. RP WUTSCHER, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1264 EP 1264 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MM590 UT WOS:A1993MM59000033 ER PT J AU LEATH, S SCHAREN, AL DIETZHOLMES, ME LUND, RE AF LEATH, S SCHAREN, AL DIETZHOLMES, ME LUND, RE TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBAL OCCURRENCES OF SEPTORIA-NODORUM BLOTCH AND SEPTORIA-TRITICI BLOTCH OF WHEAT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE CEREALS; LEPTOSPHAERIA (SEPTORIA) NODORUM; MYCOSPHAERELLA GRAMINICOLA ID INFECTION AB Changes in incidence and severity of Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) and Septoria tritici blotch (STB) have been noted in recent years in several wheat-growing areas of the world. A questionnaire was designed to identify factors associated with occurrence and development of these diseases. The questionnaire was sent to Septoria workers worldwide, and 71 responses were received and analyzed. The most important factors found relating to disease occurrence were: 1) latitude, 2) non-growing season precipitation, 3) growing season precipitation, 4) application of phosphorus, and 5) frequency of minimum or reduced tillage. Latitude effects were in agreement with general observations of SNB and STB occurrence. Also, growing season precipitation was important with regard to occurrence and severity of these diseases. Influential factors that were not expected were non-growing season precipitation and application of phosphorus fertilizer. Additionally, reduced or minimum tillage was shown to be negatively associated with disease levels, an effect opposite to that reported for other pathosystems under long-term controlled conditions. The study demonstrated the need for further investigation by a multidisciplinary team of scientists under long-term controlled conditions in order to understand the unexpected results of our survey. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. MONTANA STATE UNIV,MONTANA AGR EXPT STN,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP LEATH, S (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1266 EP 1270 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MM590 UT WOS:A1993MM59000035 ER PT J AU OROZCO, BM OGREN, WL AF OROZCO, BM OGREN, WL TI LOCALIZATION OF LIGHT-INDUCIBLE AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC REGIONS OF THE SPINACH RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE (RUBISCO) ACTIVASE PROMOTER IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CIS ELEMENTS; LIGHT REGULATION; RCA PROMOTER; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; TRANSFORMATION ID NEGATIVE REGULATORY ELEMENTS; RBCS-3A GENE; SMALL SUBUNIT; G-BOX; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES; PROTEIN; BINDING; TRANSFORMATION; RESPONSIVENESS AB Deletions in the spinach rubisco activase (Rca) promoter in transgenic tobacco were analyzed to define the regions necessary for conferring light-inducible and tissue-specific expression. Transgenic plants were constructed with Bal 31 deletions of the Rca promoter fused to the coding region of the bacterial reporter gene beta-glucuronidase (GUS). Analysis of the Rca deletion mutants localized the region conferring normal expression downstream from - 294 relative to the Rca transcription start site. A second set of transgenic plants containing the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S enhancer fused to the 3' end of the Rca/GUS constructs demonstrated the presence of a light-responsive element between - 150 and - 78 active in leaves. Regions 10 bp long within the light-responsive region, which included putative G box and GT elements, were removed by recombinant polymerase chain reaction. Deletion of the G box element resulted in a loss of gene expression in the leaves of transgenic tobacco, while deletion of the GT motif caused a 10-100-fold increase in expression in roots. However, site-directed mutagenesis of the GT motif resulted in expression patterns identical to the normal promoter. These experiments demonstrated that light-inducible and tissue-specific expression of the Rca promoter involves multiple cis elements proximal to the transcription start site, and that interactions between these elements are essential for regulating expression. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA,AGR RES SERV,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1138 DI 10.1007/BF00042347 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA MR878 UT WOS:A1993MR87800004 PM 8292778 ER PT J AU HUME, ME BEIER, RC HINTON, A SCANLAN, CM CORRIER, DE PETERSON, DV DELOACH, JR AF HUME, ME BEIER, RC HINTON, A SCANLAN, CM CORRIER, DE PETERSON, DV DELOACH, JR TI IN-VITRO METABOLISM OF RADIOLABELED CARBOHYDRATES BY PROTECTIVE CECAL ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CECA; COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION BACTERIA; BROILER; CARBOHYDRATE; VOLATILE FATTY ACID ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; DIETARY LACTOSE; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; BROILER-CHICKENS; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GUT MICROFLORA; INFECTION; CULTURES; POULTS AB Cecal anaerobic bacteria from adult broilers were cultured in media containing .25% glucose or .25% lactose. Media also contained either [C-14]-labeled lactose, glucose, galactose, or lactic ac id as metabolic tracers. Cultures were analyzed at 4, 8, and 12 h for pH, radiolabeled and unlabeled volatile fatty acids, and lactic acid. The pH values of cultures containing .25% lactose were significantly (P < .05) higher than the pH values of cultures containing.25% glucose. Lactose cultures reached their lowest pH more slowly than glucose cultures. Concentrations of unlabeled volatile fatty acids increased and lactic acid decreased during incubation of the cultures. Radiolabeled sugars and lactic add were more readily metabolized to volatile fatty acids in media containing lactose than in media containing glucose. The preferred metabolism of [C-14]substrates, independent of media carbohydrate, was in the following order: lactic acid > galactose, lactose > glucose. The volatile fatty acids in which radiolabel was most concentrated were acetic acid, propionic acid, or butyric add. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,MED CTR,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP HUME, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2254 EP 2263 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MM405 UT WOS:A1993MM40500008 PM 8309874 ER PT J AU ENKVETCHAKUL, B BOTTJE, W ANTHONY, N MOORE, R HUFF, W AF ENKVETCHAKUL, B BOTTJE, W ANTHONY, N MOORE, R HUFF, W TI COMPROMISED ANTIOXIDANT STATUS ASSOCIATED WITH ASCITES IN BROILERS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASCITES; ANTIOXIDANTS; VITAMIN-E; VITAMIN-C; GLUTATHIONE ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIETARY VITAMIN-C; HIGH-ALTITUDE; PLASMA; GLUTATHIONE; STIMULATION; RATS AB Tissue infiltration by white blood cells in poultry with ascites has been reported, which could alter endogenous antioxidant status from oxidant stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of ascites on ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and glutathione (GSH), which are major intracellular antioxidants. Broiler chicks (1 day) were placed in environmental chambers maintained with normal ventilation (Control) or under low ventilation, which produced a cumulative mortality of 31.3% due to ascites. At 3,5, and 7 wk, lung and liver tissues were obtained from control birds (n = 5) and from birds in the low ventilation chamber with (ASC, n = 5) or without (NASC, n = 5) overt symptoms of ascites. There were no differences in tissue ascorbate, tocopherol, and GSH between the control and NASC groups with the exception of hepatic tocopherol at 7 wk, which was higher (P < .05) in NASC birds than in ASC and control birds. In general, lung and liver concentrations of all three antioxidants were lower (P < .05) in ASC birds than in NASC and control groups. Uric acid, a product of purine metabolism, was lower (P < .05) in liver and lung in ASC birds at 3 wk compared with control birds. However, uric acid concentrations in ASC birds were higher (P < .05) in the lung and serum at 5 wk, and in the liver at 7 wk compared with NASC and control birds. Although the lower levels of antioxidants in ascitic birds may be due in part to decreased feed intake, the results indicate that antioxidant, status is compromised during ascites produced by this low ventilation model and could be important in the development of ascites in poultry. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. USDA ARS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. NR 29 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2272 EP 2280 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MM405 UT WOS:A1993MM40500010 PM 8309876 ER PT J AU WHITTEMORE, AD AF WHITTEMORE, AD TI A MODIFIED MOST PROBABLE NUMBER TECHNIQUE TO ENUMERATE TOTAL AEROBES, ENTEROBACTERIACEAE, AND SALMONELLA ON POULTRY CARCASSES AFTER THE WHOLE CARCASS RINSE PROCEDURE SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE BACTERIAL COUNTS; POULTRY; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; MOST PROBABLE NUMBER; SALMONELLA ID BACTERIAL COUNT DETERMINATION; SYSTEMATIC-ERRORS; SAMPLING ERRORS; ACCURACY AB A modified most probable number (MPN) technique utilizing a single 10-fold dilution series was tested to enumerate the microbiological population from the whole carcass rinse procedure for poultry. Diluent for the MPN series was a general nutrient broth. Resuscitation of damaged cells and pre-enrichment of low numbers of microorganisms was accomplished by the MPN media. The MPN dilution tubes positive for growth were used to calculate the total aerobic bacterial population. Subculturing with tetrathionate enrichment broth and subsequent plating to differential media were used to identify and enumerate Salmonella. Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated by subculture of the MPN positive tubes in brilliant green (BG) bile 2% broth supplemented with 1% dextrose that were then observed for gas production. The aerobic bacterial counts obtained by the modified MPN were similar, yet significantly higher than those obtained with the conventional plate count techniques (P < .05), and both were significantly higher than the three tube MPN counts. RP WHITTEMORE, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S ATLANTIC AREA,RUSSELL RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2353 EP 2357 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MM405 UT WOS:A1993MM40500019 PM 8309884 ER PT J AU ANGRADI, TR KUBLY, DM AF ANGRADI, TR KUBLY, DM TI EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC EXPOSURE ON CHLOROPHYLL-A, BIOMASS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE EPILITHON OF A TAILWATER RIVER SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE EPILITHON; PERIPHYTON; CLADOPHORA GLOMERATA; STRANDING; CHLOROPHYLL A; BIOMASS; DISTURBANCE; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; COLORADO RIVER; FLOW; DAM AB Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of atmospheric exposure on the chlorophyll a content, biomass and gross primary productivity (GPP) of littoral epilithon in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. The chlorophyll a content of the epilithon was much more sensitive to exposure than the biomass. The epilithon was rapidly bleached during summer daytime exposures, but algal filaments remained attached for several weeks after reinundation. The percentage of initial chlorophyll a remaining after one day of exposure was not different from the percentage remaining after two days of exposure. However, significant reductions in chlorophyll a content were detected for daytime exposures as short as six hours. Overall, there were close inverse relationships (r(2) greater than or equal to 0.73) between the time exposed or cumulative solar radiation (400-700 nm) and the percentage of initial chlorophyll a remaining after reinundation. The GPP of Cladophora glomerata-dominated epilithon from the permanently inundated channel was 10 times higher than the GPP of epilithon from the zone of daily water level fluctuation. Experimental atmospheric exposure of the epilithon from each zone reduced the GPP, but not the assimilation ratio (GPP per unit of chlorophyll a) of the epilithon. The Glen Canyon epilithon has low resistance to exposure disturbances, and recolonization is slow under hydropower peaking how regimes. Cladophora glomerata has an important structural role in Glen Canyon, the disruption of which is likely to precipitate effects at higher trophic levels. RP ANGRADI, TR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,BOX 404,PARSONS,WV 26287, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0886-9375 J9 REGUL RIVER JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 345 EP 358 DI 10.1002/rrr.3450080405 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MM654 UT WOS:A1993MM65400004 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP DAUGHTRY, CST VANOEVELEN, PJ AF KUSTAS, WP DAUGHTRY, CST VANOEVELEN, PJ TI ANALYTICAL TREATMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOIL HEAT-FLUX NET-RADIATION RATIO AND VEGETATION INDEXES SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; LEAF-AREA INDEX; NET-RADIATION; EVAPORATION; TEMPERATURE; CANOPY; WATER; WHEAT; FIELD; REFLECTANCE AB Relationships between leaf area index (LAI) and midday soil heat flux/net radiation ratio (G/R(n)) and two more commonly used vegetation indices (VIs) were used to analytically derive formulas describing the relationship between G/R(n) and VI. Use of VI for estimating G/R(n) may be useful in operational remote sensing models that evaluate the spatial variation in the surface energy balance over large areas. While previous experimental data have shown that linear equations can. adequately describe the relationship between G/R(n) and VI, this analytical treatment indicated that nonlinear relationships are more appropriate. Data over bare soil and soybeans under a range of canopy cover conditions from a humid climate and data collected over bare soil, alfalfa, and cotton fields in. an arid climate were used to evaluate model formulations derived for LAI and G/R(n), LAI and VI, and VI and G/R(n). In general, equations describing LAI- R, and LAI-VI relationships agreed with the data and supported the analytical result of a nonlinear relationship between VI and G/R(n). With the simple ratio (NIR/Red) as the VI, the nonlinear relationship with G/R(n) was confirmed qualitatively. But with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a nonlinear relationship did not appear to fit the data. C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. WAGENINGEN UNIV AGR,DEPT WATER RESOURCES,WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP KUSTAS, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 7,ROOM 104,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 54 TC 64 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 319 EP 330 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90052-Y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MR044 UT WOS:A1993MR04400008 ER PT J AU RINDERER, TE OLDROYD, BP SHEPPARD, WS AF RINDERER, TE OLDROYD, BP SHEPPARD, WS TI AFRICANIZED BEES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. LA TROBE UNIV,BUNDOORA,VIC 3083,AUSTRALIA. RP RINDERER, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808, USA. NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 269 IS 6 BP 84 EP 90 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MG629 UT WOS:A1993MG62900027 ER PT J AU KANIEWSKI, WK THOMAS, PE AF KANIEWSKI, WK THOMAS, PE TI FIELD TESTING OF VIRUS RESISTANT TRANSGENIC PLANTS SO SEMINARS IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE FIELD TESTING; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; VIRUS RESISTANCE ID TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN; GENES; INFECTION C1 USDA ARS, IAREC, PROSSER, WA 99350 USA. RP KANIEWSKI, WK (reprint author), MONSANTO CO, 700 CHESTERFIELD VILLAGE PKWY, CHESTERFIELD, MO 63198 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1044-5773 J9 SEMIN VIROL JI Semin. Virol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 4 IS 6 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1006/smvy.1993.1038 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA MK376 UT WOS:A1993MK37600009 ER PT J AU LOGSDON, SD AF LOGSDON, SD TI NEGATIVE HEAD HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL SURFACE AT DIFFERENT TIMES SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TENSION INFILTROMETER; INFILTRATION; CONDUCTIVITY; SORPTIVITY; MACROPOROSITY AB Tension infiltrometers have become popular for determining unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) and associated measures in situ. The objective of this study was to use tension infiltrometers to determine K, sorptivity (S), macroscopic capillary length (lambda(c)-a characteristic negative head), and gravity time (t(grav)) several times over a growing season for different negative heads and infiltrometer base sizes. Infiltration was measured on seven dates, within 20 m. on a Webster clay loam (Fine, mixed, mesic, Typic Haplaquoll). The soil had been disked before planting corn (Zea mays L.) and cultivated twice after planting. All measurements were made in nonwheel-tracked interrows. Infiltration was measured for ascending heads (-150, -60, and -30 mm) at the same location. Both K and S fluctuated over the growing season with no relation to initial soil water content, which varied from 0.04 to 0.36 m/m. Over the growing season, large-base infiltrometers consistently had smaller calculated lambda(c) (80 mm) than small-base infiltrometers (182 mm), which indicated more influence of gravity for large-base infiltrometers and more influence of capillarity for small base. Pooled across dates, there was no significant difference in base size for S or K. Gravity time is a crude estimate of the time necessary to reach steady-state, and calculated t(grav) was usually less than 1 h. Tension infiltration indirectly indicates pore arrangement, suggesting that pore arrangements varied over a growing season. RP LOGSDON, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 156 IS 6 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1097/00010694-199312000-00001 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MN246 UT WOS:A1993MN24600001 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RD AHUJA, LR AF WILLIAMS, RD AHUJA, LR TI USING AVAILABLE WATER-CONTENT WITH THE ONE-PARAMETER MODEL TO ESTIMATE SOIL-WATER RETENTION SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIMITED DATA; MANAGEMENT; TEXTURE AB The Gregson et al. one-parameter model (GHM) is based on the log-log form of the soil water retention curve, below the air-entry value of psi, ln psi = a + b In theta, where a and b are the intercept and slope, respectively. A strong linear -relationship observed between a and b was expressed as a = p + qb. Given this relationship, the GHM was derived as In psi = p + b (In theta + q). Given p and q values for a soil or group of soils, only one value of the psi(theta) relationship needs to be known to calculate the only unknown parameter in the model - b, and hence, the entire psi(theta) function. Typically, theta at the -33 kPa matric potential (theta-33 kP.) is used as the known psi(theta) value. Here we provide a regression relationship between b and the available water content (AWC) to estimate b, since in many eases the AWC is available in the USDA soil survey reports, whereas theta-33 kpa is not. Using the b thus estimated in GHM gives only slightly larger errors in calculating the water content at different potentials than when using theta-33 kPa. Further we show that the intercept (a') and slope (b') of a log-linear model, In psi = a' + b' theta, are also linearly related and an alternate form of the one-parameter model (LLM) can be derived, In psi = p' + b' (theta + q'), which uses AWC directly. The errors with this model are comparable to GHM. Unfortunately, LLM requires individual soil p' and q' values and, because of more scatter in the intercept - slope relationship, pooled p' and q' values for a group of soils are not as effective in LLM as they are in GHM. C1 USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP WILLIAMS, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 156 IS 6 BP 380 EP 388 DI 10.1097/00010694-199312000-00002 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MN246 UT WOS:A1993MN24600002 ER PT J AU TRUMAN, CC BRADFORD, JM AF TRUMAN, CC BRADFORD, JM TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RAINFALL INTENSITY AND THE INTERRILL SOIL LOSS-SLOPE STEEPNESS RATIO AS AFFECTED BY ANTECEDENT WATER-CONTENT SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EROSION; ERODIBILITY; MOISTURE AB Rainfall intensity (I), antecedent water content, and slope steepness affect soil loss from interrill areas. Objectives of this field study were to (i) test the validity of the assumption that interrill soil loss is a function of I2, (ii) determine effect of antecedent water content on interrill erodibilities (K(i)) for two slope steepnesses, (iii) evaluate the slope factor used in the water erosion prediction project (WEPP), and (iv) evaluate the product of I, flow discharge, and slope steepness as a possible interrill erosion model. Four soils, ranging in texture from sandy loam to clay, were exposed to sequences of simulated rainfall at three intensities (50, 70, and 100 mm h-1). Soil loss and runoff were measured from air-dried and prewetted flat plots and from air-dried and prewetted ridged plots. For each plot type (slope steepness), b values for E = al(b) varied between air-dried and prewetted conditions with no apparent trend. Values of b ranged between 0.91 and 2.05, although most b values did not approach 2.0. Prewetting had no effect on Heiden clay and Cecil sandy loam K(i) values for the model E = K(i)I2, but it decreased K(i) values for Miami silt loam and Broughton clay by at least 21 and 31%, respectively. Increased slope steepness associated with ridged plots reduced the degree of surface sealing as indicated by decreased soil strength. Values of K(i) for E/S(f) = K(i)I2, where S(f) = WEPP slope factor, were different for different slopes. S(f) was a function of soil type, antecedent water content, and individual interrill erosion processes controlling sediment delivery. RP TRUMAN, CC (reprint author), USDA,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 156 IS 6 BP 405 EP 413 DI 10.1097/00010694-199312000-00005 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MN246 UT WOS:A1993MN24600005 ER PT J AU BUSSCHER, WJ CAMP, CR SADLER, EJ GARRETT, JT STRICKLAND, EE AF BUSSCHER, WJ CAMP, CR SADLER, EJ GARRETT, JT STRICKLAND, EE TI CONE INDEX AND ROOT-GROWTH IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE MICROIRRIGATED HARDPAN SOIL SO SOIL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Restricted root growth caused by subsurface hardpans and low water holding capacity reduces crop yields in many United States southeastern Coastal Plain soils. With intensive irrigation it is possible to obtain suitable yields without deep tillage. The objective of this study was to find differences of root growth and cone indices between surface and subsurface applied sources of irrigation water. We measured root growth and cone index in intensively managed irrigation plots of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in 1988 and 1989. Microirrigation tubes were placed on the surface or in the subsurface - buried at a depth of approximately 0.25 m - and irrigated either continuously or with intermittent pulses of water. Mean profile cone indices for the surface tube placement were significantly lower than for the subsurface tube placement. Mean profile cone indices for the continuous irrigation treatment were significant lower than for the intermittent irrigation treatment. However, no one treatment significantly reduced the cone indices within the hardpan. Total root count was significantly greater for the subsurface tube placement with increased root growth below the 0.1-m depth. There was a high density of roots next to the subsurface tube that would have been effective in uptake of water from the microirrigation tube. However, yield was significantly greater for the surface tube placement. For all treatments, the largest concentration of root growth occurred in the top 0.2 m of the soil within the row. We expected this for the surface irrigation treatment. However, we also measured this for the subsurface treatment, probably because of high rainfall and upwelling of water from the subsurface micro-irrigation tube. RP BUSSCHER, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS RES CTR,POB 3039,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0933-3630 J9 SOIL TECHNOL JI Soil Technol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1016/0933-3630(93)90021-6 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA MU023 UT WOS:A1993MU02300002 ER PT J AU LOGSDON, SD JORDAHL, J KARLEN, DL AF LOGSDON, SD JORDAHL, J KARLEN, DL TI TILLAGE AND CROP EFFECTS ON PONDED AND TENSION INFILTRATION RATES SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL; SOIL; HISTORIES; RAINFALL; RESIDUE; SYSTEM AB Tillage and residue management practices influence soil surface compaction and sealing, but the effects vary with time and weather history. The objective of this study was to compare surface ponded and tension infiltration rates for different tillages and crop rotations at various dates in a Kenyon loam. Four tillage systems (minimum tillage (no-till system with two cultivations), chisel, moldboard plow, and ridge-till) and two rotations (continuous corn and soybean-corn rotation with corn in 1991) were examined. Ponded and tension infiltration rates were measured in the row at four dates: 18 June 1991, 9 July 1991, 23 September 1991, and 11 May 1992. Soil was collected for measurement of aggregate stability and undisturbed soil cores were collected for measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density on the first measurement date to relate the infiltration measurements. Minimum tillage had significantly faster ponded infiltration than chisel or moldboard, as well as greater aggregate stability and less bulk density at that date because of reduced surface sealing. Tillage and crop rotation effects on infiltration for the other measurement dates were inconsistent. When the measurement dates were compared, ponded and tension infiltration rates for the first measurement date were less than for measurements at later dates because of a surface seal which was not present at the later dates. Temporal changes in infiltration were greater than tillage or rotation differences. To quantify management effects on surface soil properties we conclude that several well documented measurements are required. If possible, the measurements should be taken soon after rainfall events. C1 US SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,HUMBOLDT,IA 50548. RP LOGSDON, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 26 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 28 IS 2 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(93)90025-K PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MN104 UT WOS:A1993MN10400006 ER PT J AU REED, DK HAMISSOU, T BURD, JD ELLIOTT, NC KINDLER, SD AF REED, DK HAMISSOU, T BURD, JD ELLIOTT, NC KINDLER, SD TI RELATIONSHIP OF AN APHID PARASITOIDS LARVAL GROWTH-CHARACTERISTICS AND MUMMY WEIGHT SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Comparisons of mummy weight with age and developmental stage of the immature parasitoid at weighing times and age of aphids at time of parasitization indicated that mummy weight was not a reliable predictor of parasitoid development. Measures of adult parasitoid weight, body size, and time to maturation provided better estimates of development. Histological analysis of parasitized aphids showed the typical Aphidiid life cycle with the exception that an additional stage, previously termed an ''embryo'', was observed. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP REED, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 4 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MZ676 UT WOS:A1993MZ67600001 ER PT J AU SUMMERLIN, JW FINCHER, GT HUNTER, JS BEERWINKLE, KR AF SUMMERLIN, JW FINCHER, GT HUNTER, JS BEERWINKLE, KR TI SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND DIEL FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF DUNG-ATTRACTED HISTERIDS (COLEOPTERA, HISTERIDAE) IN OPEN AND WOODED PASTURE IN EAST-CENTRAL TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HORN FLY; LIFE-CYCLE; PREDATION; MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA; BEETLES AB The seasonal distribution and diel flight activity of dung-attracted Histeridae were determined in an open and wooded habitat of a cattle pasture in east-central Texas. Automated underground pitfall traps in the two habitats baited with swine feces from March 1979 to November 1980 captured 9,558 histerids representing 12 genera and 21 species. The majority of specimens of 17 species were captured in the open-pasture habitat where 77.2% and 79.5% of the total number of beetles were captured in 1979 and 1980, respectively. Flight activity for most species began in March or April each year and ceased in October or November. All species exhibited diurnal flight behavior. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 4 BP 251 EP 261 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MZ676 UT WOS:A1993MZ67600002 ER PT J AU BURTON, RL BURD, JD AF BURTON, RL BURD, JD TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUMBER OF GREENBUGS (HOMOPTERA-APHIDIDAE) AND DAMAGE TO WHEAT SEEDLINGS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CEREAL APHIDS; YIELD LOSSES; WINTER-WHEAT; POPULATIONS AB Investigations of plant resistance to greenbugs in the laboratory and greenhouse require sufficient plant damage to show susceptibility but not allow damage to become critical. This study was conducted to determine the minimum number of greenbugs per plant needed to significantly damage susceptible wheat seedlings. Ten or more greenbugs feeding on susceptible wheat seedlings for 14 days (140 cumulative aphid days) were required to reduce growth components to the point that they differed significantly from the controls. Root dry weight was the most sensitive plant measure of greenbug damage. Root fresh weight values also showed significant differences (P<0.05) but were more variable than dry weights. Regression analysis indicated a linear relationship with a negative slope between the numbers of greenbugs per plant (cumulative aphid days) and all measurements of seedling growth. Root fresh weight, root dry weight, total root length, and shoot dry weight were highly correlated with infestation level. RP BURTON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 4 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MZ676 UT WOS:A1993MZ67600003 ER PT J AU HENNEBERRY, TJ BUTLER, GD COUDRIET, DL AF HENNEBERRY, TJ BUTLER, GD COUDRIET, DL TI TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) - EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD ON LARVAL AND PUPAL DEVELOPMENT, LARVAL MORTALITY AND INDUCTION OF PUPAL DIAPAUSE SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), pupal diapause did not differ when parent adults and eggs were exposed to photoperiods of 10:14, 12:12 and 14:10 L:D (light:dark), respectively, at 26.7 and 21.1-degrees-C. Highest percentages of diapause were induced after larval exposures of 10:14 L:D and temperatures of 21.1-degrees-C and 10:14 L:D and 12:12 L:D at 18.3-degrees-C. When larvae only were exposed, high percentages of diapause were induced at 15.6-degrees-C under all photoperiod conditions and no pupal diapause was induced at 21.1-degrees-C and 14:10 L:D or temperatures of 26.7-degrees-C or 32.2-degrees-C under any of the photoperiods tested. Larval mortality was > 60% at 15.6-degrees-C and was extremely variable in some tests. The cause of larval mortality was not determined and a number of factors may be involved other than the direct adverse low temperature effect. Larval and nondiapause pupal development was extended under 10:14 L:D at 21.1-degrees-C as was pupal development at 26.7-degrees-C when compared to development at 14:10 L:D at the same temperature. Temperature and photoperiod affected larval and pupal development under certain other temperature and photoperiod regimes. RP HENNEBERRY, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 4 BP 269 EP 279 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MZ676 UT WOS:A1993MZ67600004 ER PT J AU HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW AF HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW TI A LOW-DOSE FRACTIONATED-IRRADIATION PLUS INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR DIP TREATMENT FOR BOLL-WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, administered a 46 or 50 gray (Gy) fractionated irradiation treatment followed by a dip in a solution containing 0.032% LY-121342 benzamide, 2-chloro-N-[[[6-[2,4-dichlorophenyl]-methoxy]-3-pyridinyl]amino]carbonyl]-6-fluoro-or LY-135926 benzamide, N-[[[6-[2,4-dichlorophenylmethoxy]-3-pyridinyl]-amino]carbonyl]- had significantly higher mortality after 5 d for treated males and 10 d for treated females compared with weevils given a 43 Gy fractionated irradiation plus 0.032% LY-135926 treatment. We found only 3.0% F1 adult emergence from treated male x untreated female matings, and fecundity in treated female X untreated male matings was reduced to zero following the 43 Gy plus 0.032% LY-135926 treatment. All combination treatments of male and female weevils surviving after 15 d proved to be 98.3 +/- 2.3% sterile. RP HAYNES, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 18 IS 4 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MZ676 UT WOS:A1993MZ67600005 ER PT J AU AVERY, ML VANRIPER, C AF AVERY, ML VANRIPER, C TI POSTBREEDING TERRITORIALITY AND FORAGING BEHAVIOR IN COSTAS HUMMINGBIRD (CALYPTE COSTAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Note RP AVERY, ML (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 4 BP 374 EP 377 DI 10.2307/3671618 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MR289 UT WOS:A1993MR28900011 ER PT J AU ECONOMOS, CD BORTZ, SS NELSON, ME AF ECONOMOS, CD BORTZ, SS NELSON, ME TI NUTRITIONAL PRACTICES OF ELITE ATHLETES - PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review AB The nutritional intake of elite athletes is a critical determinant of their athletic performance and ability to compete both physically and mentally. However, their demanding training and travel schedules in addition to a possible lack of nutritional knowledge may prohibit them from maintaining an optimal dietary intake. Sound scientific data about the nutritional habits of elite athletes are limited and, therefore, it is not clear as to whether elite athletes are following nutritional recommendations and maintaining nutritionally sound diets. This review takes a comprehensive look at 22 recent dietary intake studies, including 50 groups of elite athletes. The time period for food record collection ranged from 3 to 7 days except for 2 studies which collected records for 21 and 22 days. Energy intakes of > 50 kcal/kg/day for male athletes who train for > 90 min/day and 45 to 50 kcal/kg/day for female athletes training for > 90 min/day are recommended. Bodyweight should be monitored frequently as a check on calorie intake. With a sufficient calorie intake (1.2 to 2.0 kg/kg/day) protein supplementation is not necessary. Ingested carbohydrate stored as glycogen serves as the primary fuel for muscle performance. Athletes in training should consume 70% of total calories as carbohydrate. Athletes on low energy diets (< 2200 kcal/day) should have a diet of < 25% fat, and athletes with large energy needs should consume 30% fat in their diet. In general, fat intakes should be reduced and carbohydrate intakes increased. Athletes should also restrict alcohol intake during training and competition periods. Athletes with low calorie intakes should consume foods with high contents of iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and vitamin B-12. Athletes with high calorie intakes should consume foods that are naturally high in or fortified with B-group vitamins. Fluid, electrolyte and energy supplementation is desirable to support circulatory, metabolic and thermoregulatory functions. There is no special food that will help elite athletes perform better; the most important aspect of the diet of elite athletes is that it follows the basic guidelines for healthy eating. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU PHS HHS [A600209-04] NR 0 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 6 U2 43 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 16 IS 6 BP 381 EP 399 PG 19 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA MK732 UT WOS:A1993MK73200003 PM 8303140 ER PT J AU DUCKETT, KE ZHOU, Z KROWICKI, RS SASSER, PE AF DUCKETT, KE ZHOU, Z KROWICKI, RS SASSER, PE TI COTTON FIBER FINENESS DISTRIBUTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE TENACITIES OF RANDOMLY SAMPLED HVI TAPERED BEARDS - LINEAR DENSITY EFFECTS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Determining cotton fiber tenacity with high volume instrumentation (HVI) requires an accurate measure of specimen linear density. Indirect measurements of linear density such as light attenuation, by which the Zellweger Uster Spinlab HVI system accomplishes this, require additional knowledge about fiber numbers or fiber fineness, usually by introducing a Micronaire correction factor. The effectiveness of this correction is less applicable than fiber fineness determinations obtained by direct weighing methods. Furthermore, fiber fineness distribution is not accounted for, and this factor may be important to enhanced HVI technology. For purposes of discussion, length-fineness distributions by number count and direct weighing methods have been determined for twenty cotton samples using Suter-Webb sorting techniques. Ramifications of fineness distributions across length groups on cumulative fiber fineness distribution within a randomly prepared test specimen are presented in the context of breaking load normalization by a fiber fineness indicator. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. COTTON INC,RALEIGH,NC 27612. RP DUCKETT, KE (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,COLL HUMAN ECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 63 IS 12 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1177/004051759306301206 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA MQ435 UT WOS:A1993MQ43500006 ER PT J AU SAWHNEY, APS KIMMEL, LB RUPPENICKER, GF THIBODEAUX, DP AF SAWHNEY, APS KIMMEL, LB RUPPENICKER, GF THIBODEAUX, DP TI A UNIQUE POLYESTER STAPLE-CORE COTTON-WRAP YARN MADE ON A TANDEM SPINNING SYSTEM SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPUN YARNS; CORE YARN; FABRICS AB A unique, all-staple, core/wrap composite yarn of relatively fine size and low core content has been developed using the air-jet spinning and friction spinning technologies in tandem. First, a fine, high tenacity polyester staple yarn of 10-tex is spun on a Murata air-jet spinner, and this yarn is then used as the core material on a Dref-3 friction spinner. The air-jet yarn is covered with a wrap or sheath of 100% cotton fibers, producing a 30-tex, 33/67 polyester/cotton, composite yarn with a nearly 100% cotton surface. We have tested the yarn for its physical and mechanical properties, including core coverage factor and strip resistance, and compared it with the equivalent size polyester staple-core/cotton-wrap yarns produced by the USDA-patented ring spinning system. Because of the relatively fine size and low core percentage of the yarn, we were unable to produce a satisfactory comparable yarn on the Dref-3 spinner alone. The new air-jet/friction spun composite yarn can be knitted and woven without encountering stripping or other problems. This preliminary feasibility study has successfully led to a unique integrated tandem spinning process that continuously and uninteruptedly produces an all-staple composite yarn. The process will be reported on shortly. RP SAWHNEY, APS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 63 IS 12 BP 764 EP 769 DI 10.1177/004051759306301209 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA MQ435 UT WOS:A1993MQ43500009 ER PT J AU SKINNER, DZ BUDDE, AD FARMAN, ML SMITH, JR LEUNG, H LEONG, SA AF SKINNER, DZ BUDDE, AD FARMAN, ML SMITH, JR LEUNG, H LEONG, SA TI GENOME ORGANIZATION OF MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA - GENETIC-MAP, ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPE, AND OCCURRENCE OF REPEATED DNAS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RICE BLAST; RFLP; RETROTRANSPOSON ID MATING-TYPE ALLELES; RICE BLAST FUNGUS; CHROMOSOME LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; PYRICULARIA-ORYZAE; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; COPRINUS-CINEREUS; PATHOGENICITY; SEPARATION; VIRULENCE AB A genetic map of Magnaporthe grisea (anamorph = Pyricularia oryzae and P. grisea), the causal agent of rice blast disease, was generated from segregation data utilizing 97 RFLP markers, two isoenzyme loci and the mating type locus among progeny of a cross between parental strains Guy 11 and 2539. Of the seven chromosomes of M. grisea, three were resolved by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) electrophoresis, while the remaining four migrated as two doublet bands. By utilizing differences between CHEF mobilities of unresolved chromosomes from the parental strains, Southern analysis with selected markers allowed the chromosomal assignment of all linkage groups. A small translocation involving 1 marker was found in the parental strains used to produce the segregating population from which the map was constructed. Nine classes of repetitive DNA elements were found in the genome of a fungal isolate pathogenic to rice. These occurred only a few times or not at all in the genomes of isolates showing reduced virulence on rice. One repetitive DNA was shown to have structural similarity to the Alu sequences found in primates, a sequence similarity to the copia-like elements of Drosophila, and peptide similarity to transposable elements found in Drosophila, other fungi, and higher plants. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,1630 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 NR 53 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 87 IS 5 BP 545 EP 557 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA MP629 UT WOS:A1993MP62900003 PM 24190348 ER PT J AU MINOCHA, R KVAALEN, H MINOCHA, SC LONG, S AF MINOCHA, R KVAALEN, H MINOCHA, SC LONG, S TI POLYAMINES IN EMBRYOGENIC CULTURES OF NORWAY SPRUCE (PICEA-ABIES) AND RED SPRUCE (PICEA-RUBENS) SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABSCISIC ACID; DIFLUOROMETHYLARGININE; DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE; MATURATION; PUTRESCINE; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; SPERMIDINE; SPERMINE AB Embryogenic cultures of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were initiated from dissected mature zygotic embryos. The tissues were grown on either proliferation medium or maturation medium. On proliferation medium, the embryogenic tissue continued to produce early stage somatic embryos (organized meristems attached to elongated, suspensor-like cells), whereas on maturation medium fully mature embryos developed from the embryonic tissue. Analysis of polyamines in tissues grown on these two media showed that: (1) both putrescine and spermidine concentrations were always higher in cultures grown on proliferation medium than in cultures grown on maturation medium; (2) in both species, spermidine concentrations declined with time in the tissues grown on maturation medium; and (3) spermine was present in only minute quantities and showed only a small change with time. The presence of difluoromethylomithine in the culture medium had little effect on polyamine concentration, whereas the presence of difluoromethylarginine caused a decrease in putrescine concentrations in both red spruce and Norway spruce tissues grown on proliferation medium or maturation medium. RP MINOCHA, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NEFES,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 365 EP 377 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ML657 UT WOS:A1993ML65700004 ER PT J AU BRUNINGFANN, CS KANEENE, JB AF BRUNINGFANN, CS KANEENE, JB TI THE EFFECTS OF NITRATE, NITRITE AND N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS ON HUMAN HEALTH - A REVIEW SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DANISH RURAL-POPULATION; WELL-WATER NITRATES; HIGH-RISK AREA; GASTRIC-CANCER; DRINKING-WATER; STOMACH-CANCER; ENDOGENOUS NITROSATION; ASCORBIC-ACID; SODIUM-NITRITE; HUMAN SALIVA AB The effects of nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds on human health are reviewed. Special emphasis has been placed on the role of these compounds on infant methemoglobinemia and gastric cancer. The discussion on methemoglobinemia includes the source of nitrate or nitrite, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and the contributions of age, gastric pH, gastrointestinal illness, and ingestion of vitamin C to this illness. The maternal transfer of these compounds and the potential effect on fetal death and malformation are also described. The etiology and development of gastric cancer is reviewed as well as the roles of nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds in this disease. Endogenous nitrosation and the experimental and epidemiologic evidence linking these compounds to gastric cancer is examined. Other sections include adult methemoglobinemia and acute toxicity, hypo- and hypertension, Balkan nephropathy, slowing of motor reflexes in children, nitrate esters dependance. Sources of nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds are detailed. Future areas of research are given. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,VET MED CTR A109,CTR POPULAT MED,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,APHIS,VS,HOLT,MI 48842. NR 362 TC 204 Z9 215 U1 10 U2 54 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 35 IS 6 BP 521 EP 538 PG 18 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA MH699 UT WOS:A1993MH69900011 PM 8303822 ER PT J AU ISOBE, T LILLEHOJ, HS AF ISOBE, T LILLEHOJ, HS TI DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSES T-CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY AND ENHANCES DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EIMERIA MIVATI INFECTION SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORTICOSTEROIDS INHIBIT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOCYTES-T; CHICKENS; PROLIFERATION; ANTIGENS; INVITRO; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; EXPRESSION; GROWTH AB The effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on Eimeria mivati infection in chickens was examined. Chickens given an extended DEX treatment produced significantly higher numbers of total oocysts following primary and secondary infections with E. mivati. Chickens treated with DEX intramuscularly or orally showed lower body weight gain in E. mivati infected or uninfected chickens as compared with the untreated group. Chickens given DEX intramuscularly showed a lower number of splenic lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte composition revealed that the percentages of splenic lymphocytes bearing: CD8 (cytotoxic-suppressor T cells), gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR 1), class II major histocompatibility or surface IgM antigens in DEX-treated chickens were lower than in controls, whereas the percentages of T lymphocytes expressing CD3, CD4 (helper T cells) or alpha beta TCR antigens were significantly higher. Furthermore, concanavalin A-induced lymphoproliferation, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) production by spleen lymphocytes were generally depressed in DEX-treated chickens. IL-2 production of E. mivati-infected chickens given oral DEX was significantly lower compared with the uninfected-DEX-treated group. Uninfected chickens treated with DEX intramuscularly showed a significantly lower gamma-IFN production compared with other uninfected groups. In contrast, serum IgG levels were enhanced in DEX-treated, E. mivati-infected chickens compared with untreated, infected chickens. These results suggest that enhanced disease susceptibility to coccidiosis in DEX-treated chickens may reflect a drug-mediated immunosuppression of cell-mediated immunity. C1 USDA,AGR RES SERV,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 431 EP 446 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90073-D PG 16 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA MM917 UT WOS:A1993MM91700010 PM 8116219 ER PT J AU WESLEY, RD WOODS, RD AF WESLEY, RD WOODS, RD TI IMMUNIZATION OF PREGNANT GILTS WITH PRCV INDUCES LACTOGENIC IMMUNITY FOR PROTECTION OF NURSING PIGLETS FROM CHALLENGE WITH TGEV SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS; PORCINE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS; PIG; IMMUNITY; VACCINATION ID TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS; PORCINE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB The level of passive protection against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) was evaluated by experimentally infecting 12 pregnant gilts with different doses of porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) and challenging their litters at 4 days of age. An overall survival rate of 70% was found for piglets nursing the 12 PRCV-infected gilts, compared to a 16% survival rate for piglets of nine uninfected control gilts. Six of the PRCV-infected gilts had adequate levels of immunity to resist infection with TGEV following the challenge of their litters. These six completely immuned gilts also solidly protected their litters from TGEV as shown by a 96% piglet survival rate through weaning at 3 weeks of age. The results suggest that respiratory infection with PRCV induces a substantial degree of protective lactogenic immunity against TGEV. RP WESLEY, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90073-G PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA MQ625 UT WOS:A1993MQ62500004 PM 8128601 ER PT J AU BROCKMEIER, SL LAGER, KM TARTAGLIA, J RIVIERE, M PAOLETTI, E MENGELING, WL AF BROCKMEIER, SL LAGER, KM TARTAGLIA, J RIVIERE, M PAOLETTI, E MENGELING, WL TI VACCINATION OF PIGS AGAINST PSEUDORABIES WITH HIGHLY ATTENUATED VACCINIA (NYVAC) RECOMBINANT VIRUSES SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; PIG; VACCINATION ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AUJESZKYS DISEASE VIRUS; CYTO-TOXICITY; INFECTED-CELLS; SWINE; GLYCOPROTEINS; REACTIVATION; ANTIBODIES; STRAIN; PROTECTION AB Poxvirus recombinants, based on the highly attenuated NYVAC strain of vaccinia virus (Tartaglia et al., 1992), containing single gene inserts encoding the pseudorabies virus (PRV) gII, gill, or gp50 glycoproteins were tested for their immunogenicity in pigs. Twenty-four pigs were randomly divided into six groups of four. Groups 1-3 were inoculated with 10(7) CCID50 of NYVAC/PRV gII, NYVAC/PRV gIII, or NYVAC/PRV gp50, respectively, while groups 4 and 5 received the NYVAC parent virus or an inactivated PRV vaccine control, respectively. Group 6 represented the sham vaccinated control group. All inoculations were given by the intramuscular route on weeks 0 and 4. The candidate vaccines were shown to be safe with no local or systemic reactions. At 4 weeks following the second inoculation, all pigs were challenged by an oronasal administration of a virulent PRV strain. Pigs were monitored before and after challenge for clinical manifestations resulting from vaccination and challenge exposure, respectively. Sera were analyzed for PRV neutralizing activity. Virological analyses after challenge included assessment of virus shedding and the development of latent PRV infections. All but one animal developed latent PRV infection following challenge exposure; however, significant protection against PRV-induced signs was afforded by vaccination with either the NYVAC/PRV gp50 or NYVAC/PRV gII recombinant viruses, as well as with the inactivated PRV vaccine. The NYVAC/PRV gp50 also reduced overall virus shedding after challenge. The extent of protection against PRV-induced clinical signs, in general, was associated with the level of pre-challenge virus neutralizing activity. C1 VIROGENET CORP,TROY,NY. RHONE MERIEUX SA,LYON,FRANCE. RP BROCKMEIER, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90074-H PG 18 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA MQ625 UT WOS:A1993MQ62500005 PM 8128602 ER PT J AU WHETSTONE, CA SEAL, BS MILLER, JM AF WHETSTONE, CA SEAL, BS MILLER, JM TI VARIABILITY OCCURS IN THE INVERTED REPEAT REGION OF GENOMIC DNA FROM BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1 RESPIRATORY, GENITAL AND BOVINE HERPESVIRUS 5 ENCEPHALITIC ISOLATES SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BOVINE HERPESVIRUS; CATTLE; GENETICS ID RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; SERIAL PASSAGE; VIRUS-DNA; CLEAVAGE; DISEASE; STRAIN; INVIVO AB Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were detected within BHV1.1, BHV1.2, and BHV5 genomes using the restriction enzyme PstI. The genomic areas of these changes has not been previously reported. Using Southern blot hybridization with DNA probes representing the entire genome of BHV1.1, areas of genomic variation were located for a respiratory isolate (BHV1.1), four vaccine isolates (BHV1.1), a genital isolate (BHV1.2), and two encephalitic isolates (BHV5). The most frequently observed RFLPs of BHV1.1 and BHV1.2 occurred within the internal repeat region and the left terminus of the unique long region. When two separate isolates of the encephalitic BHV5 were compared, RFLPs were detected in the internal and right terminal repeat regions. These are the regions of each genome from which immediate early genes are transcribed. No genomic variation was observed throughout the unique long and unique short regions for all BHV1 and 5 isolates examined. RP WHETSTONE, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90085-L PG 9 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA MQ625 UT WOS:A1993MQ62500016 PM 7907451 ER PT J AU ZHANG, R HUANG, K VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF ZHANG, R HUANG, K VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI AN EFFICIENT EULERIAN-LAGRANGIAN METHOD FOR SOLVING SOLUTE TRANSPORT PROBLEMS IN STEADY AND TRANSIENT FLOW-FIELDS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT SCHEME; EQUATION; ADVECTION AB A computationally efficient, yet relatively simple Eulerian-Lagrangian method is proposed for solving the one-dimensional convection-dispersion solute transport equation assuming a steady or transient velocity field. The method uses a modified single-step reverse particle tracking (MSRPT) technique to handle steep concentration fronts. The scheme utilizes two weighting factors to control the movement of particles during a backward tracking step. One weighting factor greater than unity is used in the upstream region of the convection front, while another weighting factor less than unity is taken in the downstream region. The two factors were related empirically to the grid Peclet and Courant numbers. The MSRPT technique is carried out only within the concentration plume at each time step. For transient flow fields, the weighting factors were determined using an automatically adjustable procedure based on mass balance errors. The MSRPT method maintains the advantages of the traditional single-step reverse particle tracking (SRPT) procedure, i.e., producing efficient and oscillation-free calculations, but circumvents numerical dispersion introduced by SRPT. A large number of tests against analytical solutions for one-dimensional transport in uniform flow fields indicate that the proposed method can handle the entire range of Peclet numbers from zero to infinity. Numerical tests also show that the MSRPT method is a relatively accurate, efficient and mass-conservative algorithm for solute transport in transient flow fields. The Courant number at present cannot exceed 1. The MSRPT approach was found especially useful for convection-dominated problems; in fact, an exact numerical solution may be obtained with MSRPT for pure convection. RP ZHANG, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 12 BP 4131 EP 4138 DI 10.1029/93WR01674 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA ML118 UT WOS:A1993ML11800026 ER PT J AU MOHLER, CL TEASDALE, JR AF MOHLER, CL TEASDALE, JR TI RESPONSE OF WEED EMERGENCE TO RATE OF VICIA-VILLOSA ROTH AND SECALE-CEREALE L RESIDUE SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LEGUME COVER CROPS; ALTERNATING TEMPERATURE; CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; AQUEOUS EXTRACTS; SEED DORMANCY; GERMINATION; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; NITRATE; LIGHT AB Vicia villosa Roth (hairy vetch) or Secale cereale L. (rye) residue at 2 to 4 times the natural field rate reduced seedling emergence of a wide variety of weed species. However, the natural rate of residue was insufficient for control of most weed species. The form of the response of weed emergence to increasing rates of residue varied among species: emergence of some species showed a monotonic decline in response to increasing rates of residue whereas emergence of others increased at low rates before declining at higher rates. In addition to reducing number of seedlings, high rates of residue delayed the date of emergence. Seed size was generally not a good indicator of a species' ability to emerge through residue, although one very large seeded weed, Abutilon theophrasti, was especially insensitive to residue. V. villosa and S. cereale did not differ greatly in their effect on weeds early in the growing season, but V. villosa decomposed more rapidly and allowed greater emergence later the season. C1 USDA,AGR RES SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MOHLER, CL (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,ECOL & SYSTEMAT SECT,CORSON HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 47 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 6 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 487 EP 499 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1993.tb01965.x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MH754 UT WOS:A1993MH75400007 ER PT J AU WATTS, FC AF WATTS, FC TI THE PRIMARY INDICATORS METHOD - A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO WETLAND RECOGNITION AND DELINEATION IN THE UNITED-STATES (TINER 1993) - COMMENT SO WETLANDS LA English DT Letter RP WATTS, FC (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,POB 753,CALLAHAN,FL 32011, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MP634 UT WOS:A1993MP63400010 ER PT J AU DOLBEER, RA BELANT, JL SILLINGS, JL AF DOLBEER, RA BELANT, JL SILLINGS, JL TI SHOOTING GULLS REDUCES STRIKES WITH AIRCRAFT AT KENNEDY,JOHN,F. INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 USDA,PITTSTOWN,NJ 08867. RP DOLBEER, RA (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 14 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 442 EP 450 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA MY566 UT WOS:A1993MY56600010 ER PT J AU SAMSON, FB KNOPF, FL AF SAMSON, FB KNOPF, FL TI MANAGING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POPULATION BIOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION C1 NATL ECOL RES CTR,NATL BIOL SURVEY,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. RP SAMSON, FB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NORTHERN REG,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 509 EP 514 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA MY566 UT WOS:A1993MY56600021 ER PT J AU FANCY, SG SUGIHARA, RT JEFFREY, JJ JACOBI, JD AF FANCY, SG SUGIHARA, RT JEFFREY, JJ JACOBI, JD TI SITE-TENACITY OF THE ENDANGERED PALILA SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MAUNA-KEA; ABUNDANCE; HAWAII; SIZE AB Strong Site tenacity might prevent Palila (Loxioides bailleui), an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, from repopulating favorable habitats in their former range. We used radio telemetry during the nonbreeding and breeding seasons to study movements and dispersal rates of 57 Palila. All Palila remained in the study area, and home range sizes and movement distances were small relative to the potential mobility of the species. Banding and nesting studies revealed that Palila show strong site tenacity. An inverse correlation between movements and elevation was related to an elevational gradient in food supply. Translocations of Palila into presently unoccupied areas in their range might speed the recovery of this endangered species. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HILO,HI 96721. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HAKALAU FOREST NWR,HILO,HI. RP FANCY, SG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HAWAII RES GRP,POB 44,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 105 IS 4 BP 587 EP 596 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MP632 UT WOS:A1993MP63200003 ER PT J AU AVERY, ML GOOCHER, KJ CONE, MA AF AVERY, ML GOOCHER, KJ CONE, MA TI HANDLING EFFICIENCY AND BERRY SIZE PREFERENCES OF CEDAR WAXWINGS SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FRUIT-EATING BIRDS; AVIAN FRUGIVORES AB In a series of feeding trials, Cedar Waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) preferred blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) having a mean diameter of 7.5 mm when the diameter of alternative berries exceeded 12 mm. Waxwings did not exhibit clear preferences among blueberries that differed by less than or equal to 3.5 mm mean diameter. For 7.5 mm fruit, observed handling times averaged 2.8 sec and increased exponentially as berry diameter increased. Because the frequency of dropped fruit also increased with fruit size, the birds' rate of sugar ingestion was maximized by feeding on the 7.5 mm berries. The rate of sugar ingestion decreased linearly as blueberry size increased. Thus, within the range of sizes tested, Cedar Waxwings preferentially selected blueberries that were more efficiently handled and that produced the highest rate of sugar intake. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,OFF SPONSORED RES,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP AVERY, ML (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 105 IS 4 BP 604 EP 611 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MP632 UT WOS:A1993MP63200005 ER PT J AU GANEY, JL BALDA, RP KING, RM AF GANEY, JL BALDA, RP KING, RM TI METABOLIC-RATE AND EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS OF MEXICAN-SPOTTED AND GREAT-HORNED OWLS SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB We measured rates of oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss (EWL) of Mexican Spotted (Strix occidentalis lucida) and Great Horned (Bubo virginianus) owls in Arizona. Basal metabolic rate averaged 0.84 ccO(2).g-(1).h-(1) for the Spotted Owl and 0.59 ccO(2).g-(1).h-(1) for the Great Horned Owl, with apparent thermoneutral zones extending from 17.0-25.2 degrees C for the Spotted Owl and 20.3-32.2 degrees C for the Great Horned Owl. EWL increased exponentially with ambient temperature in both species, but the Great Horned Owl showed a greater ability to dissipate metabolic heat production at high temperatures than did the Spotted Owl. Body temperature of Spotted Owls was significantly higher above than below the upper critical temperature (25.2 degrees C), whereas body temperature of Great Homed Owls did not differ significantly with ambient temperature. Gular flutter was first observed in Spotted Owls at 30 degrees C and in Great Horned Owls at 37 degrees C. The lower ability of the Spotted Owl to dissipate heat via evaporative cooling may partially explain its tendency to use habitats featuring cool microsites. C1 NO ARIZONA UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1993 VL 105 IS 4 BP 645 EP 656 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MP632 UT WOS:A1993MP63200009 ER PT J AU WALTER, KA NAIR, RV CARY, JW BENNETT, GN PAPOUTSAKIS, ET AF WALTER, KA NAIR, RV CARY, JW BENNETT, GN PAPOUTSAKIS, ET TI SEQUENCE AND ARRANGEMENT OF 2 GENES OF THE BUTYRATE-SYNTHESIS PATHWAY OF CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM ATCC-824 SO GENE LA English DT Note DE RECOMBINANT DNA; PHOSPHOTRANSBUTYRYLASE; BUTYRATE KINASE; PRIMARY METABOLISM; TRANSCRIPTION ANALYSIS ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLONING; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHOTRANSBUTYRYLASE; KINASE AB The genes encoding both Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 butyrate synthesis pathway enzymes, phosphotransbutyrylase (ptb) and butyrate kinase (buk), were sequenced. The genes are immediately adjacent on the chromosome, with ptb preceding buk. A single transcription start point (tsp) was identified 57 bp upstream from the ptb start codon by primer extension analysis. The ptb and buk genes appear to form an operon. A putative Rho-independent terminator structure was identified 26 bp downstream from buk. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RICE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & CELL BIOL,HOUSTON,TX 77251. RI Papoutsakis, Eleftherios/B-7612-2009; Papoutsakis, Eleftherios/A-5254-2010 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD NOV 30 PY 1993 VL 134 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90182-3 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA MK421 UT WOS:A1993MK42100016 PM 8244020 ER PT J AU JAMES, DG BARTELT, RJ FAULDER, RJ TAYLOR, A AF JAMES, DG BARTELT, RJ FAULDER, RJ TAYLOR, A TI ATTRACTION OF AUSTRALIAN CARPOPHILUS SPP (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) TO SYNTHETIC PHEROMONES AND FERMENTING BREAD DOUGH SO JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; TETRAENE HYDROCARBONS; SAP BEETLES; HEMIPTERUS; IDENTIFICATION; LUGUBRIS AB Data are presented on the attraction of nitidulid beetles (primarily Carpophilus spp.) to synthetic aggregation pheromone, pheromone plus fermenting bread dough or dough alone, in an apricot orchard in southern New South Wales during November- March. The combination of pheromone and bread dough was significantly more effective than either type of bait alone. Synthetic pheromone of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) increased attraction of this species to dough by 1 15 times. Low order (1.7-3.2 times increase) cross-attraction of Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson, Carpophilus davidsoni Dobson and Carpophilus (Urophorus) humeralis (F.) also occurred to the combination. Synthetic pheromone of C. mutilatus increased the attraction of this species to dough by up to 17 times and appeared to be most effective early in the season. C. davidsoni and C. humeralis also responded to this pheromone (1.6-5.6 times increase). All species showed some cross-attraction to synthetic pheromones of three North American Carpophilus spp. The potential for using synthetic pheromones in the management of nitidulid beetles in stone fruit orchards is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILISAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP JAMES, DG (reprint author), NEW S WALES AGR,YANCO AGR INST,YANCO,NSW 2703,AUSTRALIA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CANBERRA PA CSIRO ENTOMOLOGY GPO BOX 1700, CANBERRA 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9050 J9 J AUST ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. PD NOV 30 PY 1993 VL 32 BP 339 EP 345 PN 4 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MM190 UT WOS:A1993MM19000009 ER PT J AU CHEUNG, A MAES, R AF CHEUNG, A MAES, R TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE VARIATIONS SURROUNDING THE STANDARD RECOMBINATION JUNCTION OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUSES SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP CHEUNG, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD NOV 25 PY 1993 VL 21 IS 23 BP 5522 EP 5523 DI 10.1093/nar/21.23.5522 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MK397 UT WOS:A1993MK39700039 PM 8265372 ER PT J AU HIPPEN, KL JAKES, S RICHARDS, J JENA, BP BECK, BL TABATABAI, LB INGEBRITSEN, TS AF HIPPEN, KL JAKES, S RICHARDS, J JENA, BP BECK, BL TABATABAI, LB INGEBRITSEN, TS TI ACIDIC RESIDUES ARE INVOLVED IN SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION BY 2 SOLUBLE-PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES, PTP-5 AND RRBPTP-1 SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PLACENTA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; XENOPUS OOCYTES; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; DOMAINS; CLONING; CELLS; PHOSPHORYLATION AB The mechanisms for substrate recognition by two cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatases, PTP-5 and rrbPTP-1, were investigated. Phosphorylation sites on tyrosine-phosphorylated casein, a model PTP substrate, were characterized. Two peptides based on casein phosphorylation sites and one peptide based on the tyrosine phosphorylation site of reduced, carboxamidomethylated and maleylated (RCM) lysozyme were tested as PTP substrates. The three peptides were dephosphorylated by PTP-5 and rrbPTP-1 at rates comparable to those of the corresponding sites on the intact proteins. This indicates that peptides based on the two model PTP substrates, casein and RCM-lysozyme, contained all or most of the structural information necessary for PTP-5 and rrbPTP-1 substrate recognition. Structural elements required for substrate recognition by PTP-5 and rrbPTP-1 were also investigated. K(m) values for dephosphorylation of three simple aromatic phosphate esters (phosphotyrosine, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, and phenyl phosphate) by rrbPTP-1 were about 5000-fold higher than those obtained for the peptide and protein substrates. This indicates that recognition of protein and peptide substrates involves structural elements in addition to the phosphate group and the aromatic tyrosine ring of phosphotyrosine. Analysis of the effects of truncations and Ala for polar substitutions on the reactivity with PTP-5 and rrbPTP-1 of peptides based on casein, RCM-lysozyme, and angiotensin II indicated that Asp or Glu within the first five residues on the N-terminal side of phosphotyrosine increased peptide reactivity with both PTP's. Asn residues were unable or only weakly able to substitute for Asp residues. These results indicate that one or more acidic residues on the N-terminal side of phosphotyrosine enhance peptide reactivity with PTP-5 and rrbPTP-1 in an additive fashion. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,CTR NATL ANIM DIS,AMES,IA 50011. NR 41 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 23 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 46 BP 12405 EP 12412 DI 10.1021/bi00097a019 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MH746 UT WOS:A1993MH74600019 PM 8241130 ER PT J AU HAO, WM WARD, DE AF HAO, WM WARD, DE TI METHANE PRODUCTION FROM GLOBAL BIOMASS BURNING SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL FORESTS; EMISSIONS; BRAZIL; CARBON; SMOKE AB Emissions of methane from various sources of biomass burning are determined quantitatively for tropical, temperate, and boreal regions. About 85% of the total CH4 is emitted in the tropical area, which is mainly the result of shifting cultivation, fuelwood use, and deforestation. Methane emissions from biomass burning may have increased by at least 9% during the last decade because of increases in tropical deforestation and the use of fuelwood. Changes in land use practices and population growth in the tropics are possible causes of the increase of atmospheric CH4 concentration. RP HAO, WM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB, INTERMT RES STN, POB 8089, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA. NR 34 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D11 BP 20657 EP 20661 DI 10.1029/93JD01908 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MJ298 UT WOS:A1993MJ29800028 ER PT J AU FREIER, JE AF FREIER, JE TI EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS SO LANCET LA English DT Article RP FREIER, JE (reprint author), USDA,CTR EPIDEMIOL & ANIM HLTH,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,555 S HOWES ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 20 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8882 BP 1281 EP 1282 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92366-2 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MH566 UT WOS:A1993MH56600016 PM 7695660 ER PT J AU MCLAREN, GD LUKASKI, HC JOHNSON, PE SMITH, MH AF MCLAREN, GD LUKASKI, HC JOHNSON, PE SMITH, MH TI ENHANCED INTESTINAL IRON-ABSORPTION AND ALTERED MUCOSAL IRON KINETICS IN BEAGLES IN RESPONSE TO DIETARY BEEF TALLOW SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,GRAND FORKS,ND 58201. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,FARGO,ND. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 82 IS 10 SU 1 BP A433 EP A433 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MJ682 UT WOS:A1993MJ68201714 ER PT J AU CORNISH, K AF CORNISH, K TI THE SEPARATE ROLES OF PLANT CIS AND TRANS PRENYL TRANSFERASES IN CIS-1,4-POLYISOPRENE BIOSYNTHESIS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RUBBER BIOSYNTHESIS; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; GUAYULE; PURIFICATION; POLYISOPRENE; ELONGATION; ENZYME AB In plants, the elongation of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (natural rubber, M(r) > 10(6)) requires a small trans-allylic diphosphate (less-than-or-equal-to C20) initiator. The trans-allylic diphosphates are hydrophilic cytosolic compounds, whereas cis-1,4-polyisoprene is hydrophobic and compartmentalised in subcellular rubber particles. In this paper, it is demonstrated that soluble trans-prenyl transferase from latex of Hevea brasiliensis functions solely as farnesyl diphosphate synthase, and plays no direct role in cis-1,4-polyisoprene elongation. The cis-1,4-prenyl transferase is firmly associated with the H. brasiliensis rubber particle, as is also the case in other rubber-producing species [Archer, B. L., Audley, B. G., Cockbain, E. G. & McSweeney, G. P. (1963) Biochem. J. 89, 565-574; Madhavan, S., Greenblatt, G. A., Foster, M. A. & Benedict, C. R. (1989) Plant Physiol. 89,506-511; Siler, D. J. & Cornish, K. (1993) Phytochemistry 32, 1097-1102]. The experimental data explain and refute previous reports in which soluble trans-prenyl transferase isolated from H. brasiliensis latex was attributed both trans-prenyl transferase and cis-prenyl transferase activities [Light, D. R. & Dennis, M. S. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264,18589-18597; Light, D. R., Lazarus, R. A. & Dennis, M. S. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264,18598-18607]. Thus, it appears that plant prenyl transferases are comparable to animal enzyme systems in which trans-prenyl transferases are soluble enzymes whilst cis-prenyl transferases are membrane-bound [Ericcson, J., Runquist, M., Thelin, A., Andersson, M., Chojnacki, T. & Dallner, G. (1992) J. Biol Chem. 268,832-838]. RP CORNISH, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,WRRC,PBT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 17 TC 67 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 218 IS 1 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18374.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MH033 UT WOS:A1993MH03300028 PM 8243473 ER PT J AU RASMUSSEN, MA CRAY, WC CASEY, TA WHIPP, SC AF RASMUSSEN, MA CRAY, WC CASEY, TA WHIPP, SC TI RUMEN CONTENTS AS A RESERVOIR OF ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE O157/H7; ESCHERICHIA COLI; EHEC; RUMEN; FOOD SAFETY ID CATTLE; PH; SEROTYPE; TOXICITY; ACIDS AB We investigated the role of the rumen fermentation as a barrier to the foodborne pathogen, Escheiichia coli O157:H7. Strains of E. coli, including several isolates of O157:H7, grew poorly in media which simulated the ruminal environment of a well-fed animal. Strains of E. coli O157:H7 did not display a superior tolerance to ruminal conditions which may facilitate their colonization of the bovine digestive tract. Unrestricted growth of E. coli was observed in rumen fluid collected from fasted cattle. Growth was inhibited by rumen fluid collected from well-fed animals. Well-fed animals appear less likely to become reservoirs for pathogenic E. coli. These results have implications for cattle slaughter practices and epidemiological studies of E. coli O157:H7. RP RASMUSSEN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, POB 70, AMES, IA 50010 USA. RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 23 TC 149 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0378-1097 EI 1574-6968 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 114 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1016/0378-1097(93)90145-R PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MJ091 UT WOS:A1993MJ09100013 PM 8293963 ER PT J AU QUILLIN, DT CAULFIELD, DF KOUTSKY, JA AF QUILLIN, DT CAULFIELD, DF KOUTSKY, JA TI CRYSTALLINITY IN THE POLYPROPYLENE/CELLULOSE SYSTEM .1. NUCLEATION AND CRYSTALLINE MORPHOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CELLULOSE FIBERS; TRANSCRYSTALLIZED INTERPHASE; THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WOOD; POLYMERS AB The amount of research on lignocellulosic/thermoplastic composites has increased dramatically. Little attention, however, has been directed towards the subject of crystallinity at the interface (interphase). Optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used in this work to study crystallinity in the cellulose/polypropylene system. The results verify that cellulose acts as a nucleating agent for polypropylene, producing a transcrystalline region around the fiber. Treatment of the fibers with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), or stearic acid, inactivates the surface features responsible for transcrystallinity. These treatments also affect the overall degree of crystallinity of the sample. Morphological features, resulting from a transcrystalline or nontranscrystalline interphase, may have a significant effect on mechanical properties. A possible mechanism for the appearance of transcrystallinity involving crystal structure matching is also proposed. (C) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,MAT SCI PROGRAM,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 31 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1187 EP 1194 DI 10.1002/app.1993.070500709 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA MD076 UT WOS:A1993MD07600009 ER PT J AU PIMM, SL DIAMOND, J REED, TM RUSSELL, GJ VERNER, J AF PIMM, SL DIAMOND, J REED, TM RUSSELL, GJ VERNER, J TI TIMES TO EXTINCTION FOR SMALL POPULATIONS OF LARGE BIRDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CROW; OWL; HAWK; POPULATION LIFETIME; POPULATION SIZE ID TURNOVER AB A major practical problem in conservation biology is to predict the survival times-lifetimes'-for small populations under alternative proposed management regimes. Examples in the United States include the 'Alala (Hawaiian Crow; Corvus hawaiiensis) and Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). To guide such decisions, we analyze counts of all crow, owl, and hawk species in the most complete available data set: counts of bird breeding pairs on 14 European islands censused for 29-66 consecutive years. The data set yielded 129 records for analysis. We define the population ceiling as the highest number of breeding pairs observed from colonization to extinction, within a consecutive series of counts for a given species on a given island. The resulting distributions of population lifetimes as a function of population size prove to be highly skewed: most small populations disappear quickly, but a few last for a long time. Median (i.e., 50th percentile) lifetimes are calculated as only 1-5 yr for hawk, owl, and crow populations with ceilings of one or two breeding pairs. As expected if demographic accidents are the main cause of extinction for small populations, lifetimes rise by a factor of 3-4 for each additional pair up to three pairs. They rise more slowly thereafter. These observations suggest that lifetimes of the 'Alala (now reduced to about three pairs in the wild), and of populations of Northern Spotted Owl in the smallest forest fragments, will be short unless active management is implemented. C1 JOINT NAT CONSERVAT COMM,PETERBOROUGH PE1 1UA,ENGLAND. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP PIMM, SL (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ZOOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. RI Russell, Gareth/C-3061-2011 OI Russell, Gareth/0000-0003-2149-9456 NR 15 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 15 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 22 BP 10871 EP 10875 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.22.10871 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MH322 UT WOS:A1993MH32200095 PM 11607439 ER PT J AU SYTSMA, MD ANDERSON, LWJ AF SYTSMA, MD ANDERSON, LWJ TI TRANSPIRATION BY AN EMERGENT MACROPHYTE - SOURCE OF WATER AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NUTRIENT SUPPLY SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE MYRIOPHYLLUM AQUATICUM; PARROTFEATHER; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; MASS FLOW ID MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM L; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; SEDIMENT; GROWTH; PLANTS; NUTRITION; CONDUCTANCE; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS AB The contribution of sediment interstitial water and the water column to the transpiration stream of Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vellozo) Verdcourt was determined to estimate the significance of mass flow in supply of sediment nutrients for plant growth. Sediment interstitial water accounted for about 2% of the water transpired over a 37 day period. Because of the small volume of water that originated in the sediment we concluded that mass flow did not significantly enhance nutrient supply to the roots of M. aquaticum. Relative growth rate (RGR) of adventitious, water roots was greater than whole plant RGR, and RGR of sediment roots was not significantly different from zero, indicating a shift in the biomass allocation after emergence of the apical meristem into the air. Water use, measured by the transpiration coefficient, averaged 260 mi H2O mg DW-1, which is similar to C-4 terrestrial plants. M. aquaticum has leaf characteristics commonly associated with xerophytic habitats. These characteristics may be necessary if a high transpiration rate and a mechanical requirement for high cell turgor pressure, required by a reliance upon hydrostatic pressure for support of the aerial stems, are mutually exclusive because of morphological constraints on hydraulic conductivity. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BOT,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED RES LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. RI Sytsma, Mark/B-2746-2013 NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV 12 PY 1993 VL 271 IS 2 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1007/BF00007546 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MV392 UT WOS:A1993MV39200005 ER PT J AU EWERT, D BENDANA, N TORMEY, M KILMAN, L MASCOLA, L GRESHAM, LS GINSBERG, MM TANNER, PA BARTZEN, ME HUNT, S MARKS, RS PETER, CR MOHLEBOETANI, J FENSTERSHEIB, M GANS, J COY, K LISKA, S ABBOTT, S BRYANT, R BARRETT, L REILLY, K WANG, M WERNER, SB JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW AF EWERT, D BENDANA, N TORMEY, M KILMAN, L MASCOLA, L GRESHAM, LS GINSBERG, MM TANNER, PA BARTZEN, ME HUNT, S MARKS, RS PETER, CR MOHLEBOETANI, J FENSTERSHEIB, M GANS, J COY, K LISKA, S ABBOTT, S BRYANT, R BARRETT, L REILLY, K WANG, M WERNER, SB JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW TI OUTBREAKS OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS GASTROENTERITIS - CALIFORNIA, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 793-797, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SAN DIEGO CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,SAN DIEGO,CA. SANTA CLARA CTY HLTH DEPT,DIS CONTROL & PREVENT UNIT,SAN JOSE,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP EWERT, D (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 10 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 18 BP 2160 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ME816 UT WOS:A1993ME81600009 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, JC LISOWSKI, M MURRAY, M AF SAVAGE, JC LISOWSKI, M MURRAY, M TI DEFORMATION FROM 1973 THROUGH 1991 IN THE EPICENTRAL AREA OF THE 1992 LANDERS, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE (MS = 7.5) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID NORTH PALM-SPRINGS; JULY 1986; SEQUENCE; VALLEY; FAULT AB Deformation of a 50 x 60 km trilateration network that spans the epicenter of the 1992 Landers earthquake (M(s) = 7.5) was measured by seven surveys over the 19 years preceding the earthquake. Three moderate earthquakes (1979 Homestead Valley, M(s) = 5.6; 1986 North Palm Springs, M(s) = 6.0; and 1992 Joshua Tree, M(s) = 6.1) occurred within the network during those 19 years. Here we use geodetic and seismic data to construct a dislocation model for each of the three moderate earthquakes. Coseismic changes due to these three moderate earthquakes as predicted by the dislocation models are then removed from the trilateration data. The residual geodetic changes appear to be uniform in time. We take those changes to represent secular strain accumulation. This strain accumulation clearly shows right-lateral shear across the San Andreas fault but also suggests a northwest-southeast extension northeast of the eastern end of the ''Big Bend'' of the San Andreas fault. The Landers earthquake ruptured along a north-northwest trend across this region of northwest-southeast extension. RP SAVAGE, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS-977,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B11 BP 19951 EP 19958 DI 10.1029/93JB02029 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MG708 UT WOS:A1993MG70800030 ER PT J AU GRESS, TA KETTLER, D MAO, C WRIGHT, L BERTA, S AF GRESS, TA KETTLER, D MAO, C WRIGHT, L BERTA, S TI WETLAND RECERTIFICATION AND SAMPLING USING SATELLITE REMOTE-SENSING SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The 1990 Farm Bill cals for periodic review and updates, when deemed necessary by the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, of the USDA Soil Conservation Service's (SCS) wetland inventories. The SCS intends to complete the process with as little field personnel hours as possible. As an alternative to the laborious process of field verification and air photo interpretation, the agency is evaluating the use of satellite remote sensing to perform wetland delineations. The following paper describes a wetland recertification and sampling pilot project being performed by the Space Remote Sensing Center for the SCS. The study area is located in Logan County, ND which is contained within the Prairie Pothole region of the Upper Great Plains Province. Of particular interest to the SCS is the satellite classification of potentially converted wetlands. Data types being evaluated include Landsat TM and SPOT. Classification results will be compared with an existing SCS wetland inventory covering this region. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. INDIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG & GEOL,TERRE HAUTE,IN 47809. RP GRESS, TA (reprint author), SPACE REMOTE SENSING CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 13 IS 11 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(93)90206-Q PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ML875 UT WOS:A1993ML87500012 ER PT J AU HEATHERLY, LG SPURLOCK, SR AF HEATHERLY, LG SPURLOCK, SR TI TIMING OF FURROW IRRIGATION TERMINATION FOR DETERMINATE SOYBEAN ON CLAY SOIL SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Irrigation commencing at or near beginning bloom (R1) and continuing during reproductive development of determinate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in the southern USA in dry years increases seed yield. The number of irrigations between the first and last irrigation event can influence the direct costs of irrigation; however, the optimum time to stop irrigation in relation to crop maturity has not been identified. 'Leflore' (1987-1990) and 'A5980' (1988-1990) determinate cultivars were grown on Sharkey clay (very-fine, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) at Stoneville, MS, to determine the effect of timing of last furrow irrigation on seed yield, yield components, yield increase, and net returns. All irrigation treatments within a cultivar were started at R1 (beginning bloom) or Later. One treatment was dropped from the sequence with each successive furrow irrigation event through R6 (full seed). Irrigation applied through mid-R5 (seed-filling period) during a dry year produced the greatest seed yield increase of 1855 kg ha(-1) which was 610 kg ha(-1) greater than the yield of the treatment terminated at R4 (full pod), and equal to the yield of the treatment terminated at R6. Yield increases due to irrigation during wet years were smaller or nonexistent. In all cases, increased number of seeds was the sole contributor to increased yield, In the dry years, irrigation terminated at either mid- to late R2 or mid-RS produced the greatest yield increase per unit of irrigation water, but irrigation continued into the seedfill period and then terminated produced the highest net return. These results indicate that furrow irrigation of soybean grown on a cracking clay soil in dry years should be continued through mid-RS to achieve maximum seed yield and net returns. C1 DEPT AGR ECON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP HEATHERLY, LG (reprint author), US ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1103 EP 1108 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700002 ER PT J AU JUAN, NA SHEAFFER, CC BARNES, DK SWANSON, DR HALGERSON, JH AF JUAN, NA SHEAFFER, CC BARNES, DK SWANSON, DR HALGERSON, JH TI LEAF AND STEM TRAITS AND HERBAGE QUALITY OF MULTIFOLIOLATE ALFALFA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY; MORPHOLOGY; PHENOTYPES AB Multifoliolate (MF) alfaIfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars, with four or more Leaflets per leaf instead of three, have been marketed for greater nutritive value and intake potential than standard trifoliolate (TF) alfalfa cultivars. A field study to determine the effect of harvest regimes on MF expression of alfaIfa cultivars and germplasm, and to determine the association of MF expression with herbage yield, herbage quality, and Leaf and stem traits, was conducted on a Tallula silt loam (coarse silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll). Four MF and two TF alfaIfa genotypes were subjected to bud and first-flower cutting regimes. Multifoliate expression on a leaf number basis (MF leaf number/total leaf number) ranged from 5 to 70%. Relative MF entry ranking was consistent across years and harvest regimes. Expression of the MF trait was not correlated with herbage yield. For all seasonal harvests and harvest regimes, MF expression was correlated with leaf concentration (r = 0.48) and number of leaflets per leaf (r = 0.84), but was not consistently associated with node number or plant height. Expression was not correlated with total herbage crude protein concentration, and at best explained 25% of the variation in acid detergent and neutral detergent fiber concentration. A TF genotype developed for superior herbage quality had leaf concentration, forage quality, and intake potential similar to MF genotypes with high MF expression levels. Multifoliolate alfalfa genotypes have the potential to produce higher quality herbage than some TF types; however, this can be achieved only with high MF expression levels. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA,ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1121 EP 1127 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700005 ER PT J AU POLLAK, LM CORBETT, JD AF POLLAK, LM CORBETT, JD TI USING GIS DATASETS TO CLASSIFY MAIZE-GROWING REGIONS IN MEXICO AND CENTRAL-AMERICA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS AB The environments in which maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm originated and in which it is evaluated can substantially affect results from germplasm evaluations, thus influencing where the germplasm will eventually be used. The adaptation classifications normally used (e.g., temperate, tropical, subtropical, and highland) are imprecise. Our objectives were to (i) apply multivariate statistical techniques to spatial GIS (geographic information system) datasets of agroclimatic data to group similar maize-growing regions in Mexico and Central America and then (ii) use the groups to refine the mega environments developed by CIMMYT maize breeders to help manage their germplasm. Data for this region were extracted from a GIS-compatible global spatial climate dataset. Variables analyzed (based on long-term monthly averages) included mean maximum and minimum monthly air temperatures, absolute maximum and minimum air temperatures based on each year's monthly data, mean monthly temperatures and precipitation, total precipitation, and mode of the elevations in the grid. The best grouping of similar regions resulted when cluster analysis on 7 mo of growing season data (April through October) was used to obtain 25 groups. The 25 groups were then classified into 10 maize ecologies corresponding to CIMMYT's mega environments. The ecologies included three lowland, three highland, two subtropical, and two transitional from subtropical to highland. The technique will be an important aid in classifying and using northern Latin America's large quantity of diverse maize germplasm. C1 COL JUAREZ DELEG CUAUHTEMOC,CIMMYT,06600 MEXICO CITY 6,DF,MEXICO. RP POLLAK, LM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1133 EP 1139 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700007 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, CE AF TOWNSEND, CE TI PHOTOPERIOD-INDUCED DORMANCY IN CICER MILKVETCH SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGE YIELD; ALFALFA; VERNALIZATION; QUALITY AB Cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) does not produce as much forage as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under field conditions during the third growth period, which ranges from about 1 August to 15 September in Colorado. This study examine the effect of decreasing photoperiod on the herbage growth of cicer milkvetch. Spaced plants of the component polycross progenies of the cultivar Monarch were grown in the field under irrigation on a Nunn clay loam soil (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aridic Argiustoll). These progenies were subjected to one of four clipping treatments, removing the top growth on 18 July, 25 July, 1 August, or 8 August. Substantial variability was detected among plants within each clipping treatment date for extended height, which suggests that photoperiod was the primary factor controlling plant growth. Therefore, growth chamber studies were designed that exposed polycross progenies of selected germplasm and Monarch to constant 15-h photoperiod and a gradually decreasing photoperiod equivalent to the natural daylength at Fort Collins, CO, from 1 August through 15 September. Plants under the decreasing photoperiod treatment were 23% shorter and produced 25% less shoot dry matter than those under the constant photoperiod. Under the decreasing photoperiod there were also fewer flowering plants and fewer racemes per plant than under the 15-h photoperiod. Considerable variability for extended height and shoot dry weight was detected among plants under bot photoperiods. These studies demonstrated the presence of a photoperiod-induced dormancy trait in cicer milkvetch. RP TOWNSEND, CE (reprint author), US ARS,CROP RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1146 EP 1150 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700010 ER PT J AU OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR AF OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR TI MODELING TALL FESCUE CULTIVAR RESPONSE TO APPLIED NITROGEN SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENDOPHYTE AB Models can be used to estimate yields and nutrient utilization by forage grasses. The objective of this study was to model response of three cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to applied N over a 3-yr period at Watkinsville, GA. The procedure uses analysis of variance to evaluate linear parameter A and the exponential parameters b and c for the logistic equation. It was shown that yields could be averaged across Sears and that all differences among cultivars could be assigned to the b (intercept) parameter. 'AU-Triumph' proved to be more efficient at converting sail N to dry matter without applied N than either 'Johnstone' or 'Kentucky 31' cultivars. Endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams) infection did not affect dry matter response relationships of Kentucky 31. Maximum incremental conversion of applied N to dry matter occurred at N = 125 kg ha(-1), where plant N utilization was approximate to 80%. The logistic model provides a very useful tool for evaluating response of tall fescue cultivars to applied N. C1 US ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERV RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP OVERMAN, AR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1156 EP 1158 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700012 ER PT J AU POWELL, NL WRIGHT, FS AF POWELL, NL WRIGHT, FS TI GRAIN-YIELD OF SUBSURFACE MICROIRRIGATED CORN AS AFFECTED BY IRRIGATION LINE SPACING SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; MICRO IRRIGATION; SOILS AB Without irrigation, crop yields are usually water-limited on the acid soils of the southeastern USA. Economically feasible irrigation systems that require less water are needed. As part of a feasibility study of subsurface microirrigation for corn (Zea mays L.) production, the effects of irrigation line spacing and irrigation water amount were investigated in a 5-yr study at Suffolk, VA. The soil was a Uchee loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Hapludult) with inclusions of Emporia loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludult). Treatments were three line spacings (0.91, 1.82, and 2.74 m apart, buried 0.38 m below and parallel to the crop row), low and high water amounts (about 41 and 62% of average pan evaporation, respectively), and a nonirrigated control. Nonirrigated grain yields ranged from 3.12 Mg ha(-1) (1987) to 9.73 Mg ha(-1) (1989). Irrigated grain yields ranged from 8.27 to 12.02 Mg ha(-1). Except for 1987 (the driest year), there was no significant difference between the low and high water application amounts. In 1987, corn irrigated with the higher rate yielded 34% more. Grain yields were highest with irrigation lines placed under each row (narrow spacing) and ranged from a Low of 8.55 Mg ha(-1) (wide spacing) in 1989 to a high of 12.25 Mg ha(-1) (narrow spacing) in 1990. Increased amounts of irrigation water were needed with the wider line spacing to obtain corn grain yields comparable with the other two spacings. It is unlikely that the lowered yield or increased irrigation water required with wide line spacing could offset additional installation costs for the narrow spacing. Irrigation lines spaced in alternate corn row middles (1.83 m) or under the third row (2.74 m) are recommended. C1 US ARS,PEANUT PROD DIS & HARVESTING RES UNIT,TIDEWATER AGR EXPT STN,SUFFOLK,VA 23437. RP POWELL, NL (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,TIDEWATER AGR EXP STN,POB 7099,SUFFOLK,VA 23437, USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1164 EP 1169 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700014 ER PT J AU SMART, JR WEISS, A MORTENSEN, DA AF SMART, JR WEISS, A MORTENSEN, DA TI MODELING THE INFLUENCE OF POSTDIRECTED SETHOXYDIM ON CORN YIELDS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CERES-MAIZE MODEL; ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; ZEA-MAYS SEEDLINGS; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WEED-CONTROL; TRANSLOCATION; ENVIRONMENT; FLUAZIFOP; HALOXYFOP; TOLERANCE AB Postdirected sethoxydim 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one used to control monocot weeds, is known to reduce corn (Zen mays L.) yields. The objective was to develop an integrative model combining a growing plant with the effect of sethoxydim. CERES-Maize (version 1.0) was modified to respond to herbicide-induced grain yield reductions by incorporating a herbicide stress factor and the stress duration into calculation of the daily biomass production. Herbicide stress was defined as the difference in net photosynthesis between treated and nontreated plants. A seasonal herbicide stress factor (0-1) was determined from field measurements of treated and nontreated corn yields as a function of sethoxydim concentration (110 and 220 g a.i. ha(-1)) for all application dates. This factor was modified to reflect the period of the herbicide stress duration by scaling it to the fraction of time the sethoxydim was active. Field experiments were conducted using four corn hybrids (Pioneer 3375, 3379, 3377, and 3183). Data from 1988 field experiments were used to calibrate the genetic inputs for each hybrid and develop a herbicide stress relationship. The data collected in 1989 were used to validate the modifications made to CERES-Maize. Overall, the model predicted that sethoxydim use would reduce corn yields, and this trend was consistent with independently measured field data. Based on the ratio of treated to nontreated yields for simulations and measurements, the model predictions underestimated the sethoxydim effect for the hybrids 3475, 3379, and 3183. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEP AGR METEOROL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. US ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEP AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1204 EP 1209 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700021 ER PT J AU JALALIFARAHANI, HR SLACK, DC KOPEC, DM MATTHIAS, AD AF JALALIFARAHANI, HR SLACK, DC KOPEC, DM MATTHIAS, AD TI CROP WATER-STRESS INDEX MODELS FOR BERMUDAGRASS TURF - A COMPARISON SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CANOPY TEMPERATURE; FOLIAGE TEMPERATURE; WHEAT; INDICATOR AB A field study assessed the accuracy and consistency of crop water stress index (CWSI) estimates determined by two empirical models and one theoretical model for evaluation of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Midiron] water status. The simplest empirical model, describing canopy temperature minus air temperature (T-c - T-a) of well-watered turf as a Linear function of air vapor pressure deficit, was inadequate for estimating CWSI, since seasonal averages of CWSI for well-watered, moderately stressed, and stressed turf had corresponding coefficients of variation of 1170, 160, and 86, respectively. The CWSI values were also highly influenced by net radiation, as indicated by coefficients of determination for regressions of calculated CWSI on net radiation of 0.68, 0.76, and 0.33 for the three levels of irrigation treatments, respectively. The second empirical model included net radiation in the regression analysis of T-c - T-a. The inclusion of net radiation in the equation for the unstressed baseline increased the coefficient of determination from 0.76 to 0.90 as compared with Model 1. The coefficient of determination for the upper baseline (which included net radiation) was 0.872, indicating a strong dependency of CWSI on net radiation. The theoretical CWSI models yielded the most accurate estimates of turfgrass water stress, as indicated by coefficients of variation for seasonal averages of CWSI for well-watered, moderately stressed, and stressed turf of 76, 3, and 86, respectively. Midday estimates of CWSI were related to percent available extractable water, with coefficients of determination for a regression of midday CWSI on percent available extractable water of 0.988, 0.989, and 0.991 for the empirical, modified empirical, and theoretical models, respectively. The theoretical CWSI appears to he the most promising approach for a turfgrass crop water stress index for irrigation scheduling. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEP AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. UNIV ARIZONA,DEP PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,DEP SOIL & WATER SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1210 EP 1217 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700022 ER PT J AU GALLO, KP DAUGHTRY, CST WIEGAND, CL AF GALLO, KP DAUGHTRY, CST WIEGAND, CL TI ERRORS IN MEASURING ABSORBED RADIATION AND COMPUTING CROP RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SOLAR-RADIATION; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CORN CANOPIES; GROWTH; WHEAT; YIELD; MODEL AB Radiation use efficiency (RUE) is often a crucial component of crop growth models that relate dry matter production to energy received by the crop. RUB is a ratio that has units g J(-1), if defined as phytomass per unit of energy received, and units J J(-1), if defined as the energy content of phytomass per unit of energy received. Both the numerator and denominator in computation of RUE can vary with experimental assumptions and methodologies. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect that different methods of measuring the numerator and denominator have on the RUE of corn (Zea mays L.) and to illustrate this variation with experimental: data. Computational methods examined included (i) direct measurements of the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed(f(A)), (ii) estimates of f(A) derived from leaf area index (LAI), and (iii) estimates of f(A) derived from spectral vegetation indices. Direct measurements of absorbed PAR from planting to physiological maturity of corn were consistently greater than the indirect estimates based on green W or the spectral vegetation indices. Consequently, the RUE calculated using directly measured absorbed PAR was lower than the RUE calculated using the indirect measures of absorbed PAR. For crops that contain senesced vegetation, green LAI and the spectral vegetation indices provide appropriate estimates of the fraction of PAR absorbed by a crop canopy and, thus, accurate estimates of crop radiation use efficiency. C1 US ARS,REMOTE SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP GALLO, KP (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 31 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1222 EP 1228 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700024 ER PT J AU ELDREDGE, EP SHOCK, CC STIEBER, TD AF ELDREDGE, EP SHOCK, CC STIEBER, TD TI CALIBRATION OF GRANULAR MATRIX SENSORS FOR IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Granular matrix sensors (GMS) represent an alternative technology for measuring soil water to schedule irrigation. When GMS were tested by drying them to measure changes in electrical resistance with decreasing water content, their resistance response to drying in air in an oven was similar (t = -0.87, 134 df) to that for drying in a field soil, with a response curve that suggested GMS could be used to measure soil water potential (psi). Granular matrix sensor meter readings were compared with tensiometer, neutron probe, and gravimetric measurements of soil water in the root zone of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) grown in silt loam. Measurements with GMS were closely related to soil water potential measurements and to soil water measured gravimetrically or by neutron probe. Meter model 30KTC, as supplied by the manufacturer, when calibrated against tensiometers, had a linear response represented by the equation y = -6.44 - 0.738 x, where y = psi (J kg(-1)), and x = 30KTC meter reading (dimensionless units) of GMS, with r(2) = 0.89. Granular matrix sensors were used to monitor transitory soil water stress treatments in an experiment to determine potato response to water stress. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,MALHEUR EXPT STN,ONTARIO,OR 97914. UNIV IDAHO,CALDWELL RES & EXT CTR,CALDWELL,ID 83605. UNIV IDAHO,USDA,HYDROL UNIV PROJECT,PAYETTE,ID 83661. NR 11 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1228 EP 1232 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700025 ER PT J AU REICOSKY, DC LINDSTROM, MJ AF REICOSKY, DC LINDSTROM, MJ TI FALL TILLAGE METHOD - EFFECT ON SHORT-TERM CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUX FROM SOIL SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; FIELD CHAMBER; RESPIRATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; COVER; CO2 AB The increasing concern for rising CO2 concentrations from agricultural activities has prompted the need to better understand the flux of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. This work determines the effect of four fall tillage methods on short-term CO2 flux from a Hemerly clay loam (fine loamy, frigid Aeric Calciaquoll) in the northern Corn Pelt. Moldboard plow only, moldboard plow plus disk harrow twice, disk harrow once, and chisel plow once using standard tillage equipment following a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop were compared with no-tillage. The CO2 flux was measured with a large portable system commonly used to measure canopy gas exchange of field crops. Measurements of CO2 flux were initiated within 5 min after tillage completion for each tillage treatment and continued intermittently for 19 d. Moldboard plow had the roughest soil surface and the highest initial CO2 flux (29 g m(-2) h(-1)) and maintained the highest flux throughout the study. Moldboard plow plus disking twice and chisel plow had similar initial rates (7 and 6 g m(-2) h(-1), respectively) that were greater than disk harrow and no-tillage. The high initial CO2 fluxes were more related to depth of soil disturbance that resulted in a rougher surface and Larger voids than to residue incorporation. The differences in CO2 flux between tillage treatments were small but consistent 19 d after initial tillage and 64 mm rain. Lower CO, flux rates caused by tillage were associated with Low soil disturbance and/or small voids. Tillage methods affected the initial CO2 flux differently and suggest improved soil management can minimize agriculture's impact on global CO2 increase. RP REICOSKY, DC (reprint author), US ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 32 TC 180 Z9 191 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1237 EP 1243 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700027 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CF RAYKOWSKI, JA AF MORRIS, CF RAYKOWSKI, JA TI WAS - COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR WHEAT QUALITY DATA MANAGEMENT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Software Review AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar development programs benefit from the efficient assessment of end-use quality of experimental Lines. Efficiency of assessment is enhanced when quality testing data are accurately collected, recorded, interpreted, and reported. The Wheat Analysis System (WAS) software specifically addresses this management need by providing a user-friendly, menu-driven system that generates data collection forms and reports, structures data entry, and maintains a cumulative database which is amenable to statistical analysis and interpretation. Data are managed in two master files according to a nursery-sample system of organization. Quality tests and analyses are grouped into processes that accommodate ah of the common methodologies used for soft and hard wheat evaluation, including grain and flour analyses, milling, and baking. A supplemental process, in addition to user defined variables, provides flexibility and broad applicability. The WAS software is compiled in Borland C, version 3.0, and operates on Dos-based computers with 640K RAM, hard and floppy disk drives, and a printer. A color monitor, though not required, greatly enhances the use of the menu-driven features. WAS is simple to use, requires no programming, and directly and specifically addresses the needs of wheat quality testing and evaluation programs-thereby aiding the overall cultivar development process. RP MORRIS, CF (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,E-202 FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR FACIL E,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1257 EP 1261 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR547 UT WOS:A1993MR54700030 ER PT J AU BARAK, AJ BECKENHAUER, HC HIDIROGLOU, N CAMILO, ME SELHUB, J TUMA, DJ AF BARAK, AJ BECKENHAUER, HC HIDIROGLOU, N CAMILO, ME SELHUB, J TUMA, DJ TI THE RELATIONSHIP OF ETHANOL FEEDING TO THE METHYL FOLATE TRAP SO ALCOHOL LA English DT Article DE ETHANOL; METHYL FOLATE TRAP; METHIONINE METABOLISM; BETAINE; N-5-METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE ID METHYLTRANSFERASE; RAT AB Feeding rats a semiliquid ethanol diet for a period of four weeks produced a hepatic accumulation of the methylating agent N-5-methyltetrahydrofolate ((NCH3THF)-C-5). When the ethanol-containing diet was supplemented with 0.5% betaine, an agent known to promote the generation of methionine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in ethanol-fed animals, the accumulation of (NCH3THF)-C-5 was prevented. One index that the methyl folate trap exists is the hepatic accumulation of (NCH3THF)-C-5, and a second index is that the (NCH3THF)-C-5 accumulation can be relieved by methionine administration. Since ethanol is shown to produce (NCH3THF)-C-5 accumulation in this study, and since betaine (a generator of methionine and SAM) acts to eliminate this accumulation, it is suggestive that ethanol can contribute to the impairing hepatic condition referred to as the ''methyl folate trap.'' C1 DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,VET AFFAIRS ALCOHOL RES CTR,OMAHA,NE 68105. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BARAK, AJ (reprint author), DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,LIVER STUDY UNIT 151,OMAHA,NE 68105, USA. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0741-8329 J9 ALCOHOL JI Alcohol PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 10 IS 6 BP 495 EP 497 DI 10.1016/0741-8329(93)90072-V PG 3 WC Substance Abuse; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Substance Abuse; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MP290 UT WOS:A1993MP29000015 PM 8123207 ER PT J AU DUFFIELD, JA COLTRANE, R AF DUFFIELD, JA COLTRANE, R TI TESTING FOR DISEQUILIBRIUM IN THE HIRED FARM-LABOR MARKET - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Note RP DUFFIELD, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1076 DI 10.2307/1243997 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MF036 UT WOS:A1993MF03600024 ER PT J AU SKULLY, DW AF SKULLY, DW TI WORLD FOOD IN THE 1990S, PRODUCTION, TRADE, AND AID - FLETCHER,LB SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP SKULLY, DW (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1079 EP 1080 DI 10.2307/1244000 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MF036 UT WOS:A1993MF03600027 ER PT J AU LANGLEY, S AF LANGLEY, S TI THE ECONOMICS AND POLITICS OF WORLD SUGAR POLICIES - MARKS,SV, MASKUS,KE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP LANGLEY, S (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1082 EP 1084 DI 10.2307/1244003 PG 3 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MF036 UT WOS:A1993MF03600031 ER PT J AU JENSEN, RJ HOKANSON, SC ISEBRANDS, JG HANCOCK, JF AF JENSEN, RJ HOKANSON, SC ISEBRANDS, JG HANCOCK, JF TI MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION IN OAKS OF THE APOSTLE ISLANDS IN WISCONSIN - EVIDENCE OF HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN QUERCUS-RUBRA AND Q-ELLIPSOIDALIS (FAGACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SHAPE AB The Apostle Islands in Lake Superior are populated by trees that are clearly related to Quercus rubra L. However, several islands have trees with morphological characteristics suggestive of hybridization with Q. ellipsoidalis Hill. Leaf specimens were collected from trees in five locations: the outermost island, an intermediate island, the nearest-shore island, the northeast shoreline, and an inland forest about 24 km from the shoreline. Seventeen landmarks were digitized for two to five leaves per tree. These landmarks were used to generate nine linear characters and three angles. These characters, along with the number of bristle tips per leaf, were used in various combinations for several principal component analyses. In addition, the landmark configurations were examined using rotational-fit methods. The patterns observed in both types of analysis indicate phenotypic variation coincident with a line connecting the two most distant sample sites. The location nearest the geographic center of this line is also nearest the center of the two-dimensional view of phenotypic variation. Trees at each site illustrate a distinctive pattern in the rotational-fit analyses, and patterns of co-variation in the morphometric characters are different for each site. The observed morphometric variation is consistent with the hypothesis that there is hybridization between these two species, most likely in the form of introgression from Q. ellipsoidalis into Q. rubra. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT HORT, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. US FOREST SERV, FORESTRY SCI LAB, RHINELANDER, WI 54501 USA. RP JENSEN, RJ (reprint author), ST MARYS COLL, DEPT BIOL, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA. NR 24 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 80 IS 11 BP 1358 EP 1366 DI 10.2307/2445721 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MH154 UT WOS:A1993MH15400016 ER PT J AU ROUBENOFF, R KEHAYIAS, JJ DAWSONHUGHES, B HEYMSFIELD, SB AF ROUBENOFF, R KEHAYIAS, JJ DAWSONHUGHES, B HEYMSFIELD, SB TI USE OF DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY IN BODY-COMPOSITION STUDIES - NOT YET A GOLD STANDARD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Note C1 ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,OBES RES CTR,NEW YORK,NY. RP ROUBENOFF, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BODY COMPOSIT LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1F32DK08443] NR 11 TC 259 Z9 262 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 58 IS 5 BP 589 EP 591 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ME259 UT WOS:A1993ME25900002 PM 8237861 ER PT J AU FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ AF FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ TI LATE LUTEAL DYSPHORIA AND FOOD-INTAKE - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID PREMENSTRUAL-SYNDROME; DIETARY-INTAKE; TIME RP FONG, AKH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 58 IS 5 BP 712 EP 712 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ME259 UT WOS:A1993ME25900026 ER PT J AU KLEIN, PD GRAHAM, DY AF KLEIN, PD GRAHAM, DY TI MINIMUM ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DETECTION OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION BY THE C-13-UREA BREATH TEST SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; UREA; COLONIZATION; STOMACH AB Background: In an attempt to identify the minimum criteria for scoring the C-13-urea breath test, we examined test results from 96 healthy subjects, 270 duodenal ulcer patients undergoing treatment to eradicate Helicobacter pylori, and 1000 consecutive breath tests analyzed in our laboratory. Methods: The (CO2)-C-13/(CO2)-C-12 isotope ratio in a baseline sample was compared with that of samples collected at 20, 30, 40, and 50 min post-dosing. A positive test was defined as an average increase in the ratio of 6 parts per thousand over baseline. Values for a two-sample analysis (baseline and one other) and for a single-sample analysis were extracted from the data and compared with the original analysis outcome. Results: Test results were negative for 186 patients and positive for 84. The two-sample method had high specificity (94-99 parts per thousand), sensitivity (95-99 parts per thousand), and positive predictive value (88-97 parts per thousand). False-positive results occurred most often with samples collected at 20 min and least often with the sample at 40 min (11 and 1, respectively). Analyses based on a single sample collected beyond 20 min, in which samples with an isotope ratio greater-than-or-equal-to -15 parts per thousand versus the standard were defined as positive, gave comparable specificity (98-99 parts per thousand), slightly reduced sensitivity (92-94%), and positive predictive value (96-99%). The analyses of 1000 consecutive breath tests yielded approximately 1% false-positive and false-negative results by the two-sample method; the single-sample method yielded a 2% false-positive and false-negative result. Conclusion: The ''C-urea breath test can determine H. pylori infective status from a single breath sample collected at least 30 min post-dose in which the absolute C-13 abundance is greater-than-or-equal-to 15 parts per thousand versus the standard. C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 39919] NR 11 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 88 IS 11 BP 1865 EP 1869 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA MF797 UT WOS:A1993MF79700012 PM 8237934 ER PT J AU FOOTE, WC CLARK, W MACIULIS, A CALL, JW HOURRIGAN, J EVANS, RC MARSHALL, MR DECAMP, M AF FOOTE, WC CLARK, W MACIULIS, A CALL, JW HOURRIGAN, J EVANS, RC MARSHALL, MR DECAMP, M TI PREVENTION OF SCRAPIE TRANSMISSION IN SHEEP, USING EMBRYO-TRANSFER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FIBRIL PROTEIN PRP; SUFFOLK SHEEP; CHEVIOT SHEEP; VIRUS; GENE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POLYMORPHISMS; ASSOCIATION; INFECTION; FETAL AB Reciprocal embryo transfers were made between scrapie-inoculated and scrapie-free sheep (Cheviot and Suffolk breeds) to measure scrapie transmission via the embryo (using offspring from embryos of scrapie-inoculated donors and scrapie-free recipients) and via the uterus (using offspring from embryos of scrapie-free donors and scrapie-inoculated recipients taken by cesarean section). Two control groups of offspring, 1 from scrapie-free parents (negative) and 1 from scrapie-inoculated parents (positive), also were included. All sheep were observed for clinical signs of scrapie until death or for a minimum of 60 months. Final diagnosis was made on the basis of histopathologic findings or results of mouse inoculation and/or proteinase-K-resistant protein analysis. Thirty to 61% of the scrapie-inoculated donor/recipient sheep within groups developed scrapie within 8 to 44 months after inoculation. None of the scrapie-free donor/recipients, including those gestating embryos from scrapie-inoculated donors, developed scrapie. Also, none of the offspring observed to greater than or equal to 24 months of age from reciprocal cross, via embryo (0/67), or via the uterus (0/25), or from the negative-control group (0/33) developed scrapie. Fifty-six of the offspring via embryo, 19 of these via the uterus, and 31 negative controls survived to greater than or equal to 60 months of age. Of the 21 sheep in the positive-control group, 2 (9.5%) developed scrapie, 1 at 31 months of age and 1 at 42 months of age. In the Cheviot offspring, the percentage of sheep carrying the short incubation allele ranged from 24 to 44% and the percentage in the Suffolk offspring ranged from 61 to 83%. These proportions indicate high degree of susceptibility to the disease. Results indicate that under the conditions of these experiments, scrapie was not transmitted to the offspring via the embryo or the uterus. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,CTR SCRAPIE INVEST,VET SERV,MISSION,TX 78572. UTAH DEPT AGR,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP FOOTE, WC (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM DAIRY & VET SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 17 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 54 IS 11 BP 1863 EP 1868 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MF097 UT WOS:A1993MF09700013 PM 8291764 ER PT J AU STARK, JC MCCANN, IR WESTERMANN, DT IZADI, B TINDALL, TA AF STARK, JC MCCANN, IR WESTERMANN, DT IZADI, B TINDALL, TA TI POTATO RESPONSE TO SPLIT NITROGEN TIMING WITH VARYING AMOUNTS OF EXCESSIVE IRRIGATION SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NITRATE LEACHING; NITROGEN FERTIGATION; IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT ID RUSSET BURBANK POTATO; SOIL; NITRATE AB Irrigation and nitrogen management are two of the most important factors affecting production efficiency and environmental quality in potato cropping systems. Field studies were conducted in 1990 and 1991 to determine the interactive effects of irrigation amount and N timing on potato yield, quality and nitrate leaching potential. Sprinkler irrigation was applied at approximately 1.0, 1.2 or 1.4 times estimated evapotranspiration (ET) to Russet Burbank potatoes grown on a silt loam soil. Following tuber initiation, a total of 132 kg N/ha was applied through the irrigation system to N treatment subplots using either six weekly 22 kg N/ha applications or 3 biweekly 44 kg N/ha applications. Excessive irrigation reduced root zone and petiole NO3-N concentrations during substantial portions of the tuber bulking period. Biweekly 44 kg N/ha applications in 1991 produced higher and more consistent early-season root zone NO3-N concentrations in the 1.2 and 1.4 ET plots than did the weekly 22 kg N/ha applications. Late-season tuber dry weight, total plant dry weight and plant N uptake were not affected by irrigation rate or N timing. However, excessive irrigation reduced U.S. No. 1 yield and yield of tubers > 284 g in both 1990 and 1991 and reduced total yield in 1990. Biweekly N applications produced higher U.S. No. 1 yields than weekly N applications at all irrigation levels. Excessive irrigation also reduced NO3-N remaining in the top 60 cm of soil at the end of the growing season. These results show that irrigating at optimal rates and applying split N at two week intervals on a silt loam soil can maximize Russet Burbank yield and quality while minimizing NO3-N losses. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT AGR ENGN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. UNIV IDAHO,DIV SOIL SCI,CTR RES & EXTENS,TWIN FALLS,ID 83303. RP STARK, JC (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DIV PLANT SCI,CTR RES & EXTENS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 70 IS 11 BP 765 EP 777 DI 10.1007/BF02849104 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MK020 UT WOS:A1993MK02000002 ER PT J AU DEAHL, KL INGLIS, DA DEMUTH, SP AF DEAHL, KL INGLIS, DA DEMUTH, SP TI TESTING FOR RESISTANCE TO METALAXYL IN PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS ISOLATES FROM NORTHWESTERN WASHINGTON SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LATE BLIGHT; FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE ID POTATO FIELDS; MATING TYPE; NETHERLANDS; SENSITIVITY; POPULATIONS; FITNESS; BLIGHT AB Outbreaks of late blight occurred in commercial potato fields in northwestern Washington in 1989 and reached epidemic proportions in 1990. Since most blighted fields reportedly had received 2-4 late-season applications of metalaxyl, the possibility existed that pathogenic strains of Phytophthora infestans had developed resistance to this systemic fungicide. In testing this hypothesis, P. infestans was isolated consistently from diseased leaves, stems, and tubers of potato when small tissue pieces were surface-disinfected in 0.5% NaOCl for 3 min. Virulence of isolates was assessed on detached leaflets of eight differential (R-gene) potato genotypes. Although simple races (single and double) were recovered, there was also a high frequency of complex race combinations. When tested in metalaxyl-amended media, 81% of the 73 isolates recovered from diseased tissues were highly resistant to 10 pg metalaxyl/ml and 19% yielded intermediate resistance. Sensitive isolates were not recovered. Fifty-five percent of 40 isolates sporulated on potato tuber disks in the presence of greater-than-or-equal-to 10 mug metalaxyl/ml. On leaf tissues, 85% of 20 isolates sporulated in the presence of 10 mug metalaxyl/ml, and 50% sporulated in the presence of 100 pg/ml. This is the first report of P. infestans resistance to metalaxyl in the U.S. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,NWREU,MT VERNON,WA 98273. RP DEAHL, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 39 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 70 IS 11 BP 779 EP 795 DI 10.1007/BF02849105 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MK020 UT WOS:A1993MK02000003 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, SW MURRAY, I AF COLEMAN, SW MURRAY, I TI THE USE OF NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY TO DEFINE NUTRIENT DIGESTION OF HAY BY CATTLE SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has the potential to help redefine nutrient requirements and feeding standards. The spectral information obtained from a feed sample is much greater and more specific than the currently used conventional chemical procedures. Difference spectra between hays and feces from steers fed the hay were used to determine spectral areas of uniform digestion or indigestion. Digestion coefficients were calculated for each data point and the digestible absorption regressed on absorption for the hay. Above average apparent digestion occurred between 1450 and 1620 nm and between 2100 and 2200 nm. Below average apparent digestion occurred with sharp peaks at 1714, 2256, 2306, 2346 and 2382 nm. These represent aliphatic C-H stretch and bend first overtone and combination bands and are usually associated with lipids, but may result from either feeds, sloughed animal tissue, or microbial residue. High correlations of organic matter digestion and hay spectra were found at 1990 and 2192 nm. These probably represent protein fractions but are shifted slightly from the peak absorption of proteins at 2000 and 2180 nm. Results also suggest uniform digestible fractions near 1990 and 2190 nm. The 2086 nm region produced an R(2) of near zero indicating non-uniform digestion, probably from conflicting digestibilities of starch and cellulose. C1 SCH AGR ABERDEEN,ABERDEEN AB9 1UD,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. RP COLEMAN, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(93)90050-T PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MJ802 UT WOS:A1993MJ80200006 ER PT J AU BOGDANOWICZ, SM WALLNER, WE BELL, J ODELL, TM HARRISON, RG AF BOGDANOWICZ, SM WALLNER, WE BELL, J ODELL, TM HARRISON, RG TI ASIAN GYPSY MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) IN NORTH-AMERICA - EVIDENCE FROM MOLECULAR-DATA SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE GYPSY MOTH; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; SEQUENCES ID ANIMAL MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION; SYSTEMATICS; BIOLOGY AB Gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L., were accidentally introduced into the United States from Europe more than a century ago and have become a major forest pest in eastern North America. Recently, concern has arisen over possible establishment of gypsy moths of Asian origin in western North America. Because Asian moths have distinctive ecological and behavioral characteristics, it is essential to monitor their presence. Identification of pheromone-trapped males based on morphology is not straightforward, but comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and sequences reveal diagnostic differences between Asian and North American haplotypes. An mtDNA survey of moths trapped in the Pacific Northwest in 1990 and.1991 documents the presence of moths of Asian origin at several sites in North America. These results provided the basis for undertaking efforts in 1992 to eradicate gypsy moth populations of Asian origin in both the United States and Canada: C1 AGR CANADA,NEW WESTMINSTER V3L 5A8,BC,CANADA. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP BOGDANOWICZ, SM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,ECOL & SYSTEMAT SECT,CORSON HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 14 TC 87 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 710 EP 715 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MW099 UT WOS:A1993MW09900005 ER PT J AU MORALESRAMOS, JA CATE, JR AF MORALESRAMOS, JA CATE, JR TI REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY OF HETEROSPILUS-MEGALOPUS (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE), A PARASITOID OF ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE PARASITOID; BOLL WEEVIL; RATE OF INCREASE AB The age-dependent fecundity, longevity, and rate of increase of Heterospilus megalopus Marsh, a parasitoid of the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman), were determined under laboratory conditions at 25 +/- 1-degrees-C. The longevity of H. megalopus was 62.3 +/- 33.5 d in males and 78 +/- 32.7 d in females. Lifetime oviposition was 36.1 +/- 22 eggs per female, from which 26.8 +/- 17 developed into larvae. The preovipositional period lasted 23.6 +/- 14.4 d. The fecundity plateau period (determined by cumulative oviposition) lasted 86 d (from 12 to 98 d after emergence), and the females oviposited 0.6 +/- 0.1 eggs per day during this period. The net reproductive rate (R(o)) was 5.63, the generation time was 9.19 wk, the doubling time was 3.69 wk, and the weekly intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)) was 0.188. The potential of this parasitoid as a biological control agent against the boll weevil is limited by its low fecundity and rate of increase. C1 USDA,CSRS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP MORALESRAMOS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,BIOL PEST CONTROL RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 734 EP 739 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MW099 UT WOS:A1993MW09900008 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ DAVISHERNANDEZ, KM AF LANDOLT, PJ DAVISHERNANDEZ, KM TI TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF FEEDING BY CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) ON SUCROSE AND HYDROLYZED YEAST SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTION ID FLY DIPTERA; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY; FOOD AB Caged Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), held overnight without food fed more often on hydrolyzed brewers yeast and on sugar during the early morning than at any other time of the day. Flies provided yeast or sucrose overnight still fed principally during the morning hours on the following day. Both male and female consumption of 0.1 M sucrose solution was initially low when flies were 1 d old but increased daily until 1 wk after emergence and remained high thereafter. Consumption of yeast solution during the same time period increased over the first 5 d for both sexes, peaked 6 d after emergence, and fell off thereafter. Maximal rates of consumption of yeast solution were much higher, however, for females than for males. Peak yeast consumption in females coincided with a period of rapid ovarian development. RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,1700 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 86 IS 6 BP 749 EP 755 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MW099 UT WOS:A1993MW09900010 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, IC POTH, M HOMSTEAD, J BURDIGE, D AF ANDERSON, IC POTH, M HOMSTEAD, J BURDIGE, D TI A COMPARISON OF NO AND N2O PRODUCTION BY THE AUTOTROPHIC NITRIFIER NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA AND THE HETEROTROPHIC NITRIFIER ALCALIGENES-FAECALIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; NITRIFYING BACTERIA; NITRIFICATION; DENITRIFICATION; SOIL; EMISSIONS; REDUCTION; NITRATE; DIOXIDE; NITRITE AB Soil microorganisms are important sources of the nitrogen trace gases NO and N2O for the atmosphere. Present evidence suggests that autotrophic nitrifiers such as Nitrosomonas europaea are the primary producers of NO and N2O in aerobic soils, whereas denitrifiers such as Pseudomonas spp. or Alcaligenes spp. are responsible for most of the NO and N2O emissions from anaerobic soils. It has been shown that Alcaligenes faecalis, a bacterium common in both soil and water, is capable of concomitant heterotrophic nitrification and denitrification. This study was undertaken to determine whether heterotrophic nitrification might be as important a source of NO and N2O as autotrophic nitrification. We compared the responses of N. europaea and A. faecalis to changes in partial O2 pressure (pO2) and to the presence of typical nitrification inhibitors. Maximal production of NO and N2O occurred at low pO2 values in cultures of both N. europaea (pO2, 0.3 kPa) and A. faecalis (pO2, 2 to 4 kPa). With N. europaea most of the NH4+ oxidized was converted to NO2-, with NO and N2O accounting for 2.6 and 1% of the end product, respectively. With A. faecalis maximal production of NO occurred at a pO2 of 2 kPa, and maximal production of N2O occurred at a pO2 of 4 kPa. At these low pO2 values there was net nitrite consumption. Aerobically, A. faecalis produced approximately the same amount of NO but 10-fold more N2O per cell than N. europaea did. Typical nitrification inhibitors were far less effective for reducing emissions of NO and N2O by A. faecalis than for reducing emissions of NO and N2O by N. europaea. A. faecalis produced much less NO and N2O under denitrifying conditions than under nitrifying conditions, and the NO produced appeared to result primarily from chemical interactions involving NO2- at pH 6.95. Once much of the nitrite was consumed, the NO and N2O produced were further reduced to N2. Given the rates of NO and N2O production reported here, our results suggest that heterotrophic nitrification may be a significant source of N2O in aerobic to near-anaerobic soils and water. C1 US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW RES STN, RIVERSIDE, CA 92507 USA. RP ANDERSON, IC (reprint author), OLD DOMINION UNIV, DEPT OCEANOG, NORFOLK, VA 23529 USA. NR 32 TC 119 Z9 166 U1 8 U2 41 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 59 IS 11 BP 3525 EP 3533 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ME660 UT WOS:A1993ME66000002 PM 8285659 ER PT J AU COTTA, MA AF COTTA, MA TI UTILIZATION OF XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDES BY SELECTED RUMINAL BACTERIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUMEN BACTERIA; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; FERMENTATION; DEGRADATION AB The ability of ruminal bacteria to utilize xylooligosaccharides was examined. Xylooligosaccharides were prepared by partially hydrolyzing oat spelt xylan in phosphoric acid. This substrate solution was added (0.2%, wt/vol) to a complex medium containing yeast extract and Trypticase that was inoculated with individual species of ruminal bacteria, and growth and utilization were monitored over time. All of the xylanolytic bacteria examined were able to utilize this oligosaccharide mixture as a growth substrate. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Eubacterium ruminantium, and Ruminococcus albus used xylooligosaccharides and whole, unhydrolyzed xylan to similar extents, while Prevotella ruminicola used twice as much xylooligosaccharides as xylan (76 versus 34%). Strains of Selenomonas ruminantium were the only nonxylanolytic species that were able to grow on xylooligosaccharides. The ability of individual S. ruminantium strains to utilize xylooligosaccharides was correlated with the presence of xylosidase and arabinosidases activities. RP COTTA, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT, FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 59 IS 11 BP 3557 EP 3563 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ME660 UT WOS:A1993ME66000006 PM 8285663 ER PT J AU YU, JJ CARY, JW BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE KELLER, NP CHU, FS AF YU, JJ CARY, JW BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE KELLER, NP CHU, FS TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CDNA FROM ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS ENCODING AN O-METHYLTRANSFERASE INVOLVED IN AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERSICONAL HEMIACETAL ACETATE; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; PURIFICATION; CONVERSION; GENE; MYCOTOXINS; PATHWAY; GROWTH; ENZYME AB Aflatoxins are polyketide-derived secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Among the catalytic steps in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, the conversion of sterigmatocystin to O-methylsterigmatocystin and the conversion of dihydrosterigmatocystin to dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin are catalyzed by an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent O-methyltransferase. A cDNA library was constructed by using RNA isolated from a 24-h-old culture of wild-type A. parasiticus SRRC 143 and was screened by using polyclonal antiserum raised against a purified 40-kDa O-methyltransferase protein. A clone that harbored a full-length cDNA insert (1,460 bp) containing the 1,254-bp coding region of the gene omt-1 was identified by the antiserum and isolated. The complete cDNA sequence was determined, and the corresponding 418-amino-acid sequence of the native enzyme with a molecular weight of 46,000 was deduced. This 46-kDa native enzyme has a leader sequence of 41 amino acids, and the mature form of the enzyme apparently consists of 377 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 42,000. Direct sequencing of the purified mature enzyme from A. parasiticus SRRC 163 showed that 19 of 22 amino acid residues were identical to the amino acid residues in an internal region of the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein. The 1,460-bp omt-1 cDNA was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system; a Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of crude extracts from this expression system revealed a 51-kDa fusion protein (fused with a 5-kDa beta-galactosidase N-terminal fragment). Furthermore, enzymatic activity assays of the E. coli crude extracts showed that sterigmatocystin was converted to 0-methylsterigmatocystin in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine. A 1.5-kb omt-1 gene transcript was detected by Northern (RNA) blot analysis in total RNAs isolated from submerged A. parasiticus cultures grown in a medium which induces aflatoxin B, production that were 24, 48, 72, and 96 h old but not in RNA from a culture that was 18 h old. Transcript accumulation correlated well with the increased rate of aflatoxin accumulation in these cultures. A comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of O-methyltransferase with previously described sequences revealed a proposed S-adenosylmethionine-binding site motif found in other S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. C1 USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, 1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, COLL STN, TX 77843 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 35 TC 94 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 59 IS 11 BP 3564 EP 3571 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ME660 UT WOS:A1993ME66000007 PM 8285664 ER PT J AU BREIDT, F CROWLEY, KA FLEMING, HP AF BREIDT, F CROWLEY, KA FLEMING, HP TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NISIN-RESISTANT LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES FOR USE IN CABBAGE FERMENTATIONS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID; DETERMINANT; SAUERKRAUT; CLONING AB Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains that are resistant to high levels of nisin (up to 25,000 IU/ml in broth) were isolated. These nisin-resistant mutants were evaluated to determine their potential use as starter culture strains for cabbage fermentations. We found that some L. mesenteroides strains could be adapted to high levels of nisin resistance, while others could not. The nisin resistance trait was found.to be stable for at least 35 generations, in the absence of nisin selection, for all mutants tested. The effects of nisin and salt, separately and in combination, on growth kinetics of the nisin-resistant strains were determined. Salt was the most influential factor on the specific growth rates of the mutants, and no synergistic effect between nisin and salt on specific growth rates was observed. The nisin-resistant strains were unimpaired in their ability to rapidly produce normal heterolactic fermentation end products. The use of these L. mesenteroides mutants as starter cultures in combination with nisin may extend the heterolactic phase of cabbage fermentations. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 59 IS 11 BP 3778 EP 3783 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ME660 UT WOS:A1993ME66000039 PM 16349090 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, DJ KURANTZ, MJ KWOCZAK, R AF OBRIEN, DJ KURANTZ, MJ KWOCZAK, R TI PRODUCTION OF EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID BY THE FILAMENTOUS FUNGUS PYTHIUM IRREGULARE SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; CULTURE CONDITIONS; TEMPERATURE AB Because of the diversity of their lipids and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways, lower fungi may find utilization as sources of omega-3 or other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by the filamentous fungus, Pythium irregulare, has been demonstrated in 14-1 fermenters. Sweet whey permeate (lactose) was preferred over glucose as a substrate for production of a high-EPA-content lipid. Characterization of the lipid indicated that approximately 90% of the EPA was contained in the neutral lipid fraction. A specific productivity of 24.9 mg EPA/g dry biomass was achieved at 14 degrees C, at which temperature the lipid contained 25.2% EPA and 54.2% PUFA. This is the highest mycelial EPA content for a fungal lipid that has been reported in the literature. RP OBRIEN, DJ (reprint author), USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 40 IS 2-3 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA MH330 UT WOS:A1993MH33000007 ER PT J AU BARTON, FE HIMMELSBACH, DS AF BARTON, FE HIMMELSBACH, DS TI 2-DIMENSIONAL VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY .2. CORRELATION OF THE ABSORPTIONS OF LIGNINS IN THE MIDINFRARED AND NEAR-INFRARED SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE SPECTRAL CORRELATIONS; NIRS; FT-IR; MID-IR; NEAR-IR; DRIFTS ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FORAGE QUALITY; CALIBRATION; PROTEIN; WHEAT; OIL; IR AB Two-dimensional (2D) statistical correlation of mid- and near-infrared spectra was used as a means to assist with qualitative spectral interpretation of the lignin carbohydrate fractions from plant materials. Cross-correlation by least-squares is used to assess changes in both regions that result from changes in the set of sample spectra. The technique has been applied to a set of specially prepared ''lignin'' samples that differ in lignin content, species of origin, and method of preparation. Dispersive near-infrared (NIR) and Fourier transformed mid-infrared (FT-IR) diffuse reflectance spectra (DRIFTS) were obtained on each of the samples, and point-for-point 2D cross-correlation was obtained. The technique permits the correlation of the combination and overtone bands of the NIR region with the fundamental vibrations in the mid-infrared (MIR) region. The results show a broad correlation of aromatic C-H stretch at 3022 cm-1 in the MIR to 1666-nm location in the NIR region and other locations to a lesser extent all across the NIR from 1400 to 2500 nm. A narrower region of correlation was found for the phenolic O-H stretch in the MIR at 3663 cm-1 to 1428 nm and 1938 nm in the MIR. Multiple narrow correlations occur in the area of the summation bands from 1450 to 1650 cm-1, indicative of substitution patterns and correlated areas of C-H and O-H stretch in the NIR. RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 32 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1920 EP 1925 DI 10.1366/0003702934066091 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA MH157 UT WOS:A1993MH15700031 ER PT J AU FRONTERA, WR HUGHES, VA DALLAL, GE EVANS, WJ AF FRONTERA, WR HUGHES, VA DALLAL, GE EVANS, WJ TI RELIABILITY OF ISOKINETIC MUSCLE STRENGTH TESTING IN 45-YEAR-OLD TO 78-YEAR-OLD MEN AND WOMEN SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; KNEE EXTENSORS; MASS C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DIV BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 22 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1181 EP 1185 PG 5 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA MD088 UT WOS:A1993MD08800012 PM 8239959 ER PT J AU REINHART, MP AVART, SJ DOBSON, TO FOGLIA, TA AF REINHART, MP AVART, SJ DOBSON, TO FOGLIA, TA TI THE PRESENCE AND SUBCELLULAR-DISTRIBUTION OF STEROL CARRIER PROTEIN-2 IN EMBRYONIC-CHICK TISSUES SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAT-LIVER PEROXISOMES; CHOLESTEROL; LOCALIZATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; ANTIBODY; BINDING; BILE; ACID AB Transport of lipids from the yolk to the tissues of the chick embryo is slow during the first 2 weeks of development, but increases abruptly during the last week. Evidence suggests that the lipid traverses the cytoplasm of the yolk-sac membrane before secretion as lipoprotein into the fetal circulation. Little is known about the cytoplasmic transport of lipid in avian systems, but recently the presence of sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) was reported in chicken liver. Here we examine the cells of yolk-sac membrane, liver and small intestine for the presence of this protein as a function of the time of embryonic development. The quantity of SCP2 present in the embryonic cells did not appear to correlate with the rate of lipid flux in these tissues. The abrupt appearance of a high-molecular-mass form of SCP2 was detected in small intestine shortly before hatching, but the significance of this protein is not clear. The presence of SCP2 in these tissues was also confirmed by immunocytochemical techniques. Similarly to SCP2 of mammalian cells, avian SCP2 is localized in both peroxisome-like structures and mitochondria. To a lesser extent it is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. C1 USDA ARS,ERRC,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. PHILADELPHIA COLL TEXT & SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19144. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD NOV 1 PY 1993 VL 295 BP 787 EP 792 PN 3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MG121 UT WOS:A1993MG12100028 PM 8240293 ER PT J AU SEABORN, CD YANG, SP AF SEABORN, CD YANG, SP TI EFFECT OF MOLYBDENUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON N-NITROSO-N-METHYLUREA-INDUCED MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS AND MOLYBDENUM EXCRETION IN RATS SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MOLYBDENUM; BREAST CANCER; COPPER; N-NITROSO-N-METHYLUREA ID SODIUM MOLYBDATE; FEMALE RATS; ESOPHAGEAL; INHIBITION; ESTROGEN; ENZYMES; CANCER AB Molybdenum (Mo) supplementation reduces the incidence of nitrosamine-induced tumors in the esophagus and forestomach of laboratory animals, and the incidence of mammary cancer in female rats induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of graded amounts of Mo on NMU-induced mammary carcinogenesis, and on the excretion of Mo and copper (Cu). Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 5 wk were given ad libitum a low-Mo (0.026 mg/kg) diet and deionized water. After 15 d, a single SC injection of 50 mg NMU/kg body wt was administered to each of 30 rats in groups 2-5. Eight rats in group 1 served as untreated control. One week after the carcinogen treatment, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg Mo from sodium molybdate were added to each liter of drinking water for groups 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Groups 1 and 2 did not receive any Mo supplementation. After the rats had been Mo-supplemented for 38, 67, and 85 d, 48-h urine and fecal samples were collected from the same 48 rats, and Mo and Cu were determined. Molybdenum seemed to have little effect on Cu excretion. At each time interval, animals fed 0 or 0.1 mg Mon excreted more Mo in feces than in urine, whereas rats fed 1 and 10 mg Mo/L water excreted more Mo in urine than in feces, which indicates that Mo absorption was not easily saturated as the amount of Mo increased. However, the liver became saturated with Mo when 0.1-1 mg Mo/L was fed. The total number of palpable tumors per group 101 d after NMU administration was 109, 115, 101, and 81, and the total carcinomas per group were 92, 96, 86, and 65 for the animals in groups 2-5, respectively. The results indicate that supplemental Mo in the amount of 10 mg/L of drinking water inhibited mammary carcinogenesis. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. TEXAS TECH UNIV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. FU NCI NIH HHS [1 R01 CA 39418] NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1007/BF02783194 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MP080 UT WOS:A1993MP08000014 PM 7509181 ER PT J AU SHENG, HP MUTHAPPA, PB WONG, WW SCHANLER, RJ AF SHENG, HP MUTHAPPA, PB WONG, WW SCHANLER, RJ TI PITFALLS OF BODY-FAT ASSESSMENTS IN PREMATURE-INFANTS BY ANTHROPOMETRY SO BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE LA English DT Article DE SKINFOLD THICKNESS; SUBCUTANEOUS FAT MASS; TOTAL FAT MASS; O-18-DILUTION SPACE; PRETERM INFANTS ID SKINFOLD MEASUREMENTS; CHILDREN; THICKNESS; FATNESS; WATER AB Subcutaneous fat mass (SFM) and total fat mass (TFM) were estimated in 16 preterm infants at 8 +/- 2 days postnatal age. SFM was estimated from anthropometric measurements: 5 skinfold thicknesses, 5 body circumferences, and regional body lengths. TFM was estimated from total body water measurements using dilution of isotopic water, (H2O)-O-18. The proportion of TFM that was SFM decreased with an increase in TFM. In infants with less than 100 g of TFM (5% body weight), 74% of TFM is in the subcutaneous layer compared with only 35% in infants with higher TFM (more than l00 g). Subscapular skinfold thickness is the best predictor of TFM (r = 0.78). Additional skinfold thickness measurements (triceps, biceps, suprailiac and thigh) do not improve the predictability OF TFM by the subscapular skinfold thickness. We conclude that measurement of subscapular skinfold thickness is an appropriate choice for estimating fat deposition in preterm infants, particularly in field studies and in developing countries. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX. RP SHENG, HP (reprint author), UNIV HONG KONG,FAC MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,5 SASSOON RD,HONG KONG,HONG KONG. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-3126 J9 BIOL NEONATE JI Biol. Neonate PD NOV PY 1993 VL 64 IS 5 BP 279 EP 286 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ML034 UT WOS:A1993ML03400002 PM 8297937 ER PT J AU MALECKI, RA BLOSSEY, B HIGHT, SD SCHROEDER, D KOK, LT COULSON, JR AF MALECKI, RA BLOSSEY, B HIGHT, SD SCHROEDER, D KOK, LT COULSON, JR TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LYTHRUM-SALICARIA L; INSECTS; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; SELECTION; AGENTS; IMPACT; WEEDS C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CAB INT,INST BIOL CONTROL,DELEMONT,SWITZERLAND. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BENEFICIAL INSECT QUARANTINE LAB,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP MALECKI, RA (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NEW YORK COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Kok, Loke/G-9922-2016 OI Kok, Loke/0000-0002-5734-3472 NR 40 TC 138 Z9 144 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 1993 VL 43 IS 10 BP 680 EP 686 DI 10.2307/1312339 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA MC836 UT WOS:A1993MC83600003 ER PT J AU CUTLER, HG JACYNO, JM HARWOOD, JS DULIK, D GOODRICH, PD ROBERTS, RG AF CUTLER, HG JACYNO, JM HARWOOD, JS DULIK, D GOODRICH, PD ROBERTS, RG TI BOTCINOLIDE - A BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCT FROM BOTRYTIS-CINEREA SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note AB A novel biologically active natural product was isolated from a strain of Botrytis cinerea found on cultivated raspberry fruit (Rubus ideaus) upon fermentation in a liquid medium. Following a bioassay-directed purification process, the final product was an amorphous solid with the molecular formula C20H34O8, and is trivially named botcinolide. It significantly inhibited etiolated wheat coleoptile growth at 10(-3) and 10(-4) M by 100 and 82% respectively, relative to the controls. Greenhouse-grown bean, corn, and tobacco plants were affected by treating with botcinolide, and exhibited chlorosis and severe necrosis at 10(-2) and 10(-3) M. The structure is a new hydroxylated nonalactone that is esterified with 4-hydroxy-2-octenoic acid. C1 OHIO NO UNIV, COLL PHARM, ADA, OH 45810 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT CHEM, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. SMITH KLINE BEECHAM PHARMACEUT, DEPT DRUG METAB, KING OF PRUSSIA, PA 19406 USA. USDA ARS, TREE FRUIT RES LAB, WENATCHEE, WA 98801 USA. RP CUTLER, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 4 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1980 EP 1982 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MK036 UT WOS:A1993MK03600048 ER PT J AU KAMO, KK GRIESBACH, RJ AF KAMO, KK GRIESBACH, RJ TI EVALUATION OF DAPI AS A FLUORESCENT-PROBE FOR DNA IN VIABLE PETUNIA-PROTOPLASTS SO BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DAPI; PROTOPLASTS; PETUNIA; ELECTROPORATION ID CELL-CYCLE PARAMETERS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PLANT-PROTOPLASTS; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; HOECHST 33342; NUCLEAR-DNA; DIVISION; SYNCHRONIZATION; FLUOROCHROMES; ACCUMULATION AB 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenyl-indole (DAPI), is a fluorescent probe that specifically and quantitatively stains DNA. Electroporation of viable Petunia protoplasts in the presence of DA.PI revealed integral fluorescence that was similar for both the electroporated and fixed protoplasts, indicating quantitative staining of DNA. DAPI fluorescence was localized in the nuclei of viable protoplasts of Petunia. Protoplasts had a short term viability of 56-65% of the control (non-electroporated, unstained) protoplasts as determined by fluorescein diacetate staining 24 hr following electroporation in the presence of DA.PI. The majority (84% of the number originally cultured) of these protoplasts subjected to electroporation were able to form a cell wall, but most did not form microcalli because they were blocked in cell division. The three week plating efficiency for protoplasts exposed to DAPI was 4% of the original number of protoplasts initially cultured compared to 30% for the control. DAPI should not be used as a fluorescent probe for plant protoplasts when the protoplasts are cultured for sustained growth because the levels of DAPI required to obtain quantitative staining of the DNA resulted in inhibition of the cell cycle. DAPI may, however, be used as a fluorescent DNA probe for short term (24 hr) studies. RP KAMO, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1052-0295 J9 BIOTECH HISTOCHEM JI Biotech. Histochem. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 68 IS 6 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.3109/10520299309105641 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA MJ448 UT WOS:A1993MJ44800006 PM 7507357 ER PT J AU POCH, MT SOMKUTI, GA AF POCH, MT SOMKUTI, GA TI RAPID SCREENING OF LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA FOR RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ACTIVITY SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; ISOSCHIZOMERS; ENZYMES AB A rapid microscale heparin Sepharose CL-6B affinity gel procedure was developed for detecting restriction endonuclease (RE-Nase) activity in a variety of lactic acid bacteria. RE-Nase-containing extracts free of DNA, RNA and nonspecific nuclease activity can be produced for forty or more strains daily and only 10-12 ml of each log phase culture was required for screening. RE-Nase activity was detected in several streptococci and lactobacilli. With appropriate modifications, this procedure should allow rapid detection of RE-Nase activity in other bacterial species. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 7 IS 11 BP 781 EP 784 DI 10.1007/BF00153744 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA MJ180 UT WOS:A1993MJ18000003 ER PT J AU IMAM, SH GORDON, SH THOMPSON, AR HARRYOKURU, RE GREENE, RV AF IMAM, SH GORDON, SH THOMPSON, AR HARRYOKURU, RE GREENE, RV TI THE USE OF CP/MAS C-13-NMR FOR EVALUATING STARCH DEGRADATION IN INJECTION-MOLDED STARCH-PLASTIC COMPOSITES SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; LACTOBACILLUS-AMYLOVORUS; SOLID-STATE; NMR; COMPLEXES; FILMS; BIODEGRADATION; POLYMORPHS; GRANULES; ACID) AB Cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) C-13 solid-state-NMR was utilized to evaluate the extent of hydrolysis and structure of starch in enzymatically digested injection molded starch-polyethylene-co-acrylic acid (EAA)-polyethylene (PE) plastic composites. It is a simple, quick and semi-quantitative method. Results are in agreement with reducing sugar assays routinely used for measuring starch degradation. RP IMAM, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 7 IS 11 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.1007/BF00153746 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA MJ180 UT WOS:A1993MJ18000005 ER PT J AU DARMONO, TW BURDSALL, HH AF DARMONO, TW BURDSALL, HH TI SEPARATION OF PROTOPLASTS FROM MYCELIAL FRAGMENTS WITH A SIMPLE FILTRATION DEVICE SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB A simple filtration device was developed to obtain pure protoplasts. Pure protoplasts, free of mycelial fragments, are required for biological manipulation of protoplasts. The filtration device can also be used to separate fungal conidia, isolated nuclei, or DNA from mycelial fragments for further purification and manipulation. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 7 IS 11 BP 805 EP 808 DI 10.1007/BF00153749 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA MJ180 UT WOS:A1993MJ18000008 ER PT J AU ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP AF ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP TI PROTEIN AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS IN THE BROILER CHICKEN .1. EFFECTS OF PROTEIN QUANTITY AND QUALITY ON METABOLISM SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE LIPOGENESIS; PROTEIN QUALITY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; BROILER CHICKENS ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; SOMATOMEDIN-C; INVITRO LIPOGENESIS; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; DIETS; FAT AB Male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 35 d were fed on a diet containing 150 g crude protein (N x 6.25)/kg diet supplemented with lysine to equal that in diets containing 166, 183 and 200 g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 1). A second group of male broiler chickens growing over the same period were fed on a diet containing 120 g crude protein/kg supplemented with lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine equal to that in diets containing 144, 172 and 200 g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 2). Growth was improved by lysine supplementation but not to the level attained by feeding 200 g crude protein/kg (Expt 1). Lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine supplementation of a low-protein diet also improved growth, but growth again fell short of that attained by feeding a diet containing 200 g crude protein/kg. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and thyroxine concentrations increased and triiodothyronine decreased as the crude protein level increased from 150 to 200 g/kg diet. Supplemental lysine did not affect plasma levels of these hormones. Although dietary crude protein levels noticeably changed rates of in vitro lipogenesis, changing either the level of a single limiting amino acid or the levels of several limiting amino acids did not change lipogenesis. RP ROSEBROUGH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 70 IS 3 BP 667 EP 678 DI 10.1079/BJN19930162 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ104 UT WOS:A1993MQ10400002 PM 8297905 ER PT J AU LANGE, CE STREETT, DA AF LANGE, CE STREETT, DA TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ARGENTINE MELANOPLINES (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) TO ENTOMOPOXVIRUSES (ENTOMOPOXVIRINAE) FROM NORTH-AMERICAN AND AFRICAN GRASSHOPPERS SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 125 IS 6 BP 1127 EP 1129 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MN056 UT WOS:A1993MN05600014 ER PT J AU OMA, EA STREETT, DA AF OMA, EA STREETT, DA TI PRODUCTION OF A GRASSHOPPER ENTOMOPOXVIRUS (ENTOMOPOXVIRINAE) IN MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES (F) (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP OMA, EA (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,US ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 125 IS 6 BP 1131 EP 1133 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MN056 UT WOS:A1993MN05600015 ER PT J AU MILLIE, DF PAERL, HW HURLEY, JP AF MILLIE, DF PAERL, HW HURLEY, JP TI MICROALGAL PIGMENT ASSESSMENTS USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY - A SYNOPSIS OF ORGANISMAL AND ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA-WEISSFLOGII; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH-RATES; RECENT MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; ALGAL CAROTENOIDS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; HPLC-ANALYSIS; EPIFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY AB Past and current efforts at identifying microalgal phylogenetic groups rely largely on microscopic evaluation, which requires a high level of taxonomic skill, may take considerable time, can be variable among personnel, and does not allow characterization of the physiological status of the taxa. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has proven effective in rapidly separating and distinguishing chlorophylls, chlorophyll-degradation products, and carotenoids within monotypic and mixed algal samples. When coupled with absorbance and/or fluorescence spectroscopy, HPLC can accurately characterize phylogenetic groups and changes in community composition and yield information concerning microalgal physiological status, production, trophic interaction, and paleolimnology/paleooceanography. The recent widespread occurrence of toxic and noxious phytoplankton blooms has necessitated the use of remote imagery of pigment and reflectance ''signatures'' for monitoring and predicting bloom distribution. Because HPLC allows the processing of large numbers of samples from numerous locations relatively quickly, it is ideally suited for large-scale ''ground truthing'' of remotely sensed imagery. Coupled with rapidly evolving computer-based remote sensing technologies, HPLC-based pigment analyses may provide accurate assessments of aquatic biogeochemical flux, primary production, trophic state, water quality, and changes therein un local, regional, and global scales. C1 LOYOLA UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. UNIV N CAROLINA,INST MARINE SCI,MOREHEAD CITY,NC 28557. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,BUR RES,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,WATER CHEM PROGRAM,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MILLIE, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. RI Hurley, James/A-9216-2010 NR 192 TC 169 Z9 177 U1 2 U2 26 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 50 IS 11 BP 2513 EP 2527 DI 10.1139/f93-275 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MZ456 UT WOS:A1993MZ45600023 ER PT J AU MILLER, RE REUKEMA, DL MAX, TA AF MILLER, RE REUKEMA, DL MAX, TA TI SIZE OF DOUGLAS-FIR TREES IN RELATION TO DISTANCE FROM A MIXED RED ALDER - DOUGLAS-FIR STAND SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Variation in diameter, height, and stem volume of 57-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var, menziesii (Mirb.) France) was related to distance of these trees from a 27 m wide strip in the same Douglas-fir plantation that had been interplanted with red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.). Within the interplanted strip and despite its greater total stand density, bole volume of dominant and codominant Douglas-fir averaged 1.27 m(3) compared with 0.55, 0.45, 0.46, or 0.49 m(3) in trees 15, 30, 45, or 60 m, respectively, from the edge of the mixed stand. Some positive influence of nitrogen-fixing red alder apparently extended about 15 m beyond the edge of the mixed stand at this poor quality site in southwest Washington. We infer that similar ribbonlike distributions of naturally regenerated red alder could be retained to improve growth of nearby conifers on nitrogen-deficient sites. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208. RP MILLER, RE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2413 EP 2418 DI 10.1139/x93-298 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ183 UT WOS:A1993MQ18300012 ER PT J AU MCARTHUR, C ROBBINS, CT HAGERMAN, AE HANLEY, TA AF MCARTHUR, C ROBBINS, CT HAGERMAN, AE HANLEY, TA TI DIET SELECTION BY A RUMINANT GENERALIST BROWSER IN RELATION TO PLANT CHEMISTRY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID PINOSYLVIN METHYL-ETHER; CONDENSED TANNIN; ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; DEFENDING PLANTS; LEAF CHEMISTRY; WOODY-PLANTS; GREEN ALDER; DRY-MATTER; HERBIVORES; DEER AB Captive mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and black-tailed deer (O, h. sitkensis) were used in cafeteria-type, two choice feeding trials to test the hypothesis that digestible dry matter (energy) and nontannin phenolics of tree, shrub, and forb leaves are major determinants of diet preference. Deer selected plants in relation to a trade-off between the benefit derived from digestible dry matter and the cost of nontannin phenolics presumably associated with toxicity when absorbed. When one of the forages contained both the highest digestible dry matter and lowest nontannin phenolics, the deer always preferred that plant. When one forage had the highest digestible dry matter but the other plant had the lowest nontannin phenolics, the deer selected the high-energy plant when the difference in nontannin phenolics was relatively small, but they preferred the low-energy plant when the other forage had much higher levels of nontannin phenolics. Tannins influenced diet. choice only as one of the factors reducing digestible dry matter in these forages. Apparently total dry-matter intake was constrained by the nontannin phenolic fraction but not by tannins. Tannins and nontannin phenolics both contribute to defending plants against browsers. C1 MIAMI UNIV,DEPT CHEM,OXFORD,OH 45056. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RI McArthur, Clare/A-3637-2011 OI McArthur, Clare/0000-0002-7867-414X NR 39 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2236 EP 2243 DI 10.1139/z93-314 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MQ719 UT WOS:A1993MQ71900015 ER PT J AU MARKS, BP STROSHINE, RL DUNKLE, LD AF MARKS, BP STROSHINE, RL DUNKLE, LD TI EFFECTS OF STORAGE HISTORY AND HYBRID ON CARBON-DIOXIDE PRODUCTION BY REWETTED SHELLED CORN SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-MOISTURE CORN; DRY-MATTER LOSS; MOLD DEVELOPMENT; PHYSICAL DAMAGE; FUNGAL GROWTH AB Carbon dioxide evolution tests were conducted with samples of fresh corn and samples of corn previously stored in bins for either four months or five years. Storage history affected the carbon dioxide evolution. Statistically significant differences in carbon dioxide evolution rate between hybrids P3377 and FRB73XMo17 at harvest were still significant after low-moisture (13.2-13.4%) storage for 56 months. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the initial respiration rates (first 72 hr) of the test results. This statistical evaluation revealed differences in carbon dioxide evolution in one-fourth the time required by previous methods, such as time to reach 0.5% dry matter loss. The initial slope of the respiration rate curves varied with length of previous bin storage and, therefore, gave an indication of potential for future spoilage. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP MARKS, BP (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 656 EP 661 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MK598 UT WOS:A1993MK59800008 ER PT J AU WINDHAM, WR GAINES, CS LEFFLER, RG AF WINDHAM, WR GAINES, CS LEFFLER, RG TI EFFECT OF WHEAT MOISTURE-CONTENT ON HARDNESS SCORES DETERMINED BY NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE AND ON HARDNESS SCORE STANDARDIZATION SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CEREAL-GRAINS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Near-infrared reflectance instrumentation provides an empirically measured scale for wheat hardness. The hardness scale is based on the radiation-scattering properties of meal particles at 1,680 and 2,230 nm. Hard wheat meals usually have larger particle sizes than soft wheat meals. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of near-infrared reflectance wheat hardness measurements to moisture content, and to make the hardness score (HS) independent of moisture by correcting hardness measurements for the actual moisture content of measured samples. Forty wheat cultivars composed of hard red winter, hard red spring, soft red winter, and soft white winter were used. Wheat kernel sample groups were stored at 20, 40, 60, and 80% rh. After equilibration, the samples were ground, and the meal was analyzed for HS and moisture. Averaged across wheat samples and relative humidity treatments, HS were 48, 50, 54, and 65 for 20, 40, 60, and 80% rh, respectively. HS from storage at 80% rh (13.4% meal moisture) were higher (P < 0.05), and HS from storage at 20% rh (9.3% meal moisture) were lower (P < 0.05) than the control values, which had an intermediate meal moisture content (11%). Within each class of wheat, HS increased as moisture content increased. An algorithm was developed to correct HS to 11% moisture. The correction provided HS that were nearly independent of moisture content. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP WINDHAM, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,STRUCT & COMPOSIT RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 662 EP 666 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MK598 UT WOS:A1993MK59800009 ER PT J AU GRANT, LA DICK, JW SHELTON, DR AF GRANT, LA DICK, JW SHELTON, DR TI EFFECTS OF DRYING TEMPERATURE, STARCH DAMAGE, SPROUTING, AND ADDITIVES ON SPAGHETTI QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COOKING QUALITY; DURUM-WHEAT; COOKED SPAGHETTI; MAKING QUALITY; SEMOLINA; STICKINESS; MILLS AB Stickiness of spaghetti dried at high and low temperatures was studied using two cultivars of durum wheat that exhibited strong or weak gluten properties. Some grain of each cultivar was artificially sprouted before milling. Portions of the semolina obtained from each were overground after milling to increase starch damage. Blends included all combinations of sprout-damaged and overground semolina, along with incorporations' of spaghetti regrinds and monoglyceride. Selected biochemical components implicated with increased spaghetti stickiness were analyzed. The cooking quality, firmness, and stickiness of spaghetti produced from all blends were examined. High-temperature drying increased amylose content in cooked spaghetti and decreased the amount of amylose in the cooking waters. Sprouting caused an increase in total sugars in cooked spaghetti, whereas high-temperature drying caused a decrease. Concomitantly, it increased the total sugar in the cooking water. Sprouting caused higher cooking losses, decreased firmness, and lower spaghetti stickiness values. The incorporation of spaghetti regrinds increased stickiness; however, high-temperature drying decreased stickiness in similar samples. Monoglyceride alone had little effect on stickiness, but in combination with high-temperature drying, it decreased stickiness. Overgrinding increased amylose content of semolina, whereas semolina containing monoglyceride showed a reduced amylose content. C1 ROMAN MEAL MILLING CO,FARGO,ND. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP GRANT, LA (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA,HARD RED SPRING & DURUM WHEAT QUAL LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 34 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 676 EP 684 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MK598 UT WOS:A1993MK59800012 ER PT J AU FELKER, FC PAULIS, JW AF FELKER, FC PAULIS, JW TI QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF CORN ENDOSPERM VITREOSITY BY VIDEO IMAGE-ANALYSIS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRAIN; MAIZE; HARDNESS; DENSITY AB Vitreosity, or hardness, is an important grain quality factor for com. An increasing amount of research is aimed at understanding the genetic and biochemical basis of vitreosity and at improving vitreosity of high-lysine (opaque-2) com through breeding strategies. Previous methods for quantifying vitreosity were destructive, subjective, or required sophisticated equipment and expertise. This study evaluated a simple video image analysis procedure for quantifying vitreosity and determined how various processing steps affected the results. Kernels were surrounded with modeling clay and viewed on a light box with a monochrome video camera. The video signal was captured to a personal computer and analyzed with commercially available hardware and software. A segregating F2 population from a cross of vitreous Pool 29 QPM X nonvitreous B73o2 was classified visually into 10% steps of vitreosity. High correlations were observed between visual classification and average grayscale values of captured video images at all stages of processing. Grayscale value was inversely proportional to kernel thickness. Removing image background and eliminating a segment corresponding to the embryo area increased the average grayscale range and resolution, but adjustment for kernel thickness did not substantially improve the correlation. This method allows researchers and breeders to quantify vitreosity of corn and other cereal grains on a continuous scale with readily available equipment and expertise and overcomes the problems of subjectivity, destructiveness, and complexity associated with other approaches. RP FELKER, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD & FOOD PHYS CHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 685 EP 689 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MK598 UT WOS:A1993MK59800013 ER PT J AU KEAGY, PM SCHATZKI, TF AF KEAGY, PM SCHATZKI, TF TI MACHINE RECOGNITION OF WEEVIL DAMAGE IN WHEAT RADIOGRAPHS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL IMAGE-ANALYSIS; KERNEL MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; DISCRIMINATION; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEM; SHAPE AB An image processing algorithm was developed for machine recognition of weevils and/or weevil damage in digitally scanned film radiographs (8 bits, [0.25 mm]2/pixel) of wheat kernels containing granary or maize weevils. The gray scale image is converted to a binary image of interior edges, lines, and cavities using a Laplacian mask, zero threshold, and background removal. In undamaged kernels, the predominant feature of this image is a line representing the central crease of the kernel. In insect-damaged kernels, this feature is disrupted, and additional edges or lines are seen at angles to the crease. The algorithm uses convolution masks to look for such intersections (45 or 90-degrees angles with 4- or 5-pixel length sides) at eight orientations. Recognition varies with insect stage; at least 50% of infested kernels are machine recognized by the 4th instar (26-28 days). This is comparable to 50% recognition by humans at 25.5 days for images of similar resolution. False positive responses are limited to 0.5%. RP KEAGY, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 696 EP 700 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MK598 UT WOS:A1993MK59800015 ER PT J AU FLORA, F AF FLORA, F TI IMPACT OF FEDERAL-PROGRAMS ON THE ECONOMIC AND HUMAN-RESOURCES ALLOCATED TO US FOOD AND AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material RP FLORA, F (reprint author), USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 11 BP 801 EP 804 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MM520 UT WOS:A1993MM52000002 ER PT J AU BLECHL, AE AF BLECHL, AE TI GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION - THE NEW TOOL FOR WHEAT IMPROVEMENT 78TH ANNUAL-MEETING KEYNOTE ADDRESS SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material RP BLECHL, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 11 BP 846 EP 847 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MM520 UT WOS:A1993MM52000009 ER PT J AU BETSCHART, AA VETTER, JL BEMILLER, JN AF BETSCHART, AA VETTER, JL BEMILLER, JN TI IN TERMS OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES, WHAT DEVELOPMENTS DO YOU SEE HAVING MAJOR IMPLICATIONS OR CONSEQUENCES TO THE CEREAL INDUSTRY - IN WHAT AREAS DO YOU SEE THE NEED FOR FURTHER WORK SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Letter C1 AMER INST BAKING,MANHATTAN,KS. RP BETSCHART, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 38 IS 11 BP 882 EP 883 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MM520 UT WOS:A1993MM52000019 ER PT J AU SWACKHAMER, DL MCCONNELL, LL GREGOR, DJ AF SWACKHAMER, DL MCCONNELL, LL GREGOR, DJ TI WORKGROUP REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT AND FATE SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON THE ANALYTICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF TOXAPHENE CY FEB 04-06, 1993 CL BURLINGTON, CANADA SP INDIAN & NO AFFAIRS CANADA, ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV ENVIRONM CANADA, CANADIAN DEPT FISHERIES & OCEANS C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ENVIRONM CANADA,NATL WATER RES INST,LAKES RES BRANCH,BURLINGTON L7R 4A6,ON,CANADA. RP SWACKHAMER, DL (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOX 807,MAYO BLDG,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1835 EP 1840 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90378-I PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ616 UT WOS:A1993MJ61600003 ER PT J AU RICE, CP AF RICE, CP TI HOMOLOG CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROBORNANES IN SELECTED SAMPLES FROM THE BERING CHUKCHI SEA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON THE ANALYTICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF TOXAPHENE CY FEB 04-06, 1993 CL BURLINGTON, CANADA SP INDIAN & NO AFFAIRS CANADA, ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV ENVIRONM CANADA, CANADIAN DEPT FISHERIES & OCEANS ID TOXAPHENE AB An electron capture negative ion mass spectrometric method for quantitative determination of chlorobornanes was tested on selected samples from an arctic marine food chain. The method provided sufficient sensitivity to detect residues down to 0.3 ppb. Detailed area counts at prescribed mass scans were collected and processed for two selected samples, a fish and a neuston sample. Total chlorobornane concentrations were, 1.6 ng/g for the neuston and 12.8 ng/g for the pollack. Chlorine homologue class (Cl6 to Cl10) concentrations for each sample were determined. Relative homologue amounts linked the neuston to an atmospheric input since it had highest concentrations of Cl6, which is more prevalent in air, while the fish had a higher relative levels of Cl8 and Cl9&10 homologues indicative of the tendency for these more lipophilic homologues to concentrate in fish lipids. RP RICE, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1937 EP 1947 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90389-M PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ616 UT WOS:A1993MJ61600014 ER PT J AU MCCONNELL, LL KUCKLICK, JR BIDLEMAN, TF WALLA, MD AF MCCONNELL, LL KUCKLICK, JR BIDLEMAN, TF WALLA, MD TI LONG-RANGE ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT OF TOXAPHENE TO LAKE BAIKAL SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON THE ANALYTICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF TOXAPHENE CY FEB 04-06, 1993 CL BURLINGTON, CANADA SP INDIAN & NO AFFAIRS CANADA, ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV ENVIRONM CANADA, CANADIAN DEPT FISHERIES & OCEANS ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE; AIR AB Complex mixtures of chlorinated bornanes and bornenes (CHBs), typically referred to as toxaphene or polychlorinated camphenes, were measured in the air and surface water of Lake Baikal, Russia during June, 1991. The mean CHB concentration was 16 +/- 4 pg m-3 in air and 64 +/- 37 pg/L in water. Levels in air were similar to previous measurements in Arctic regions, and the chromatographic pattern of CHB congeners was extremely ''weathered'' compared to a toxaphene standard suggesting long-range atmospheric transport rather that a nearby source. The congener pattern in the water samples was similar to that in the air indicating the importance of atmospheric deposition processes to Lake Baikal. Estimates of gas flux of CHBs across the air-water interface predict that this process could cause a substantial contribution to the lakes' overall pollutant budget. C1 UNIV MARYLAND SYST,CHESAPEAKE BIOL LAB,SOLOMONS,MD 20688. UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. ENVIRONM CANADA,ATOMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV,DOWNSVIEW M3H 5T4,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP MCCONNELL, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BLDG 007,RM 225,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011; Bidleman, Terry/F-6287-2011 OI Bidleman, Terry/0000-0001-7469-0532 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2027 EP 2036 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90397-N PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ616 UT WOS:A1993MJ61600022 ER PT J AU SHARRATT, BS AF SHARRATT, BS TI FREEZE-THAW AND WINTER TEMPERATURE OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN INTERIOR ALASKA SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHEAT; SURVIVAL AB Freeze-thaw and winter temperature of soil influences the viability of perennial plants, yet the thermal regime of agricultural soils is virtually unknown in interior Alaska. The frequency of daily freeze-thaw events in the spring and fall, winter temperature minima, and the duration of critically-low winter temperatures in the plant root zone (0.05 to 0.40 m depth) were ascertained from daily air and soil temperature data collected from September 1987 through May 1992 at Fairbanks (64-degrees-51'N) and Delta Junction (63-degrees-55'N). Soil freeze-thaw events at both stations occurred more frequently in spring than in fall and were influenced in part by snow cover. At Delta Junction, where persistent winds result in thin snowpacks, the lowest soil temperature observed during this study was -29.1-degrees-C. Temperatures at 0.05 m were lower than 0-degrees and -15-degrees-C (lethal temperature of winter grains and legumes) for 169 and 14 consecutive days, respectively. At At Fair-banks, the lowest soil temperature was -12.3-degrees-C. This study suggested that snow management on agricultural fields in interior Alaska can influence the frequency of soil freeze-thaw and the occurrence of lethal winter temperatures. RP SHARRATT, BS (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,USDA ARS,309 ONEILL BLDG,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/0165-232X(93)90049-E PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA MU349 UT WOS:A1993MU34900008 ER PT J AU COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM PRYOR, NW AF COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM PRYOR, NW TI EFFECTS OF LEUCOMYOSUPPRESSIN ON THE EXCITATION-CONCENTRATION COUPLING OF INSECT LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE VISCERAL MUSCLE SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; SCHISTOFLRF-AMIDE; NEUROPEPTIDE; COCKROACH; PROCTOLIN; HINDGUT; LOCUST; OVIDUCT AB 1. Leucomyosuppressin (LMS) inhibited neurally evoked contractions of the hindgut of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. The threshold for this inhibition of LMS was in the range of 1 x 10(-10) M. 2. LMS caused a sharp reduction in both L-glutamate and proctolin induced contractions. Dose-response profiles of the effect of LMS (held constant at 10(-8) M) on variable amounts of proctolin showed an inhibitory effect at 10(-9) M proctolin and below, but at 5 x 10(-9) M proctolin and above, LMS caused no inhibition. 3. Potassium (158 mM) depolarized hindguts treated with LMS (10(-8) M) showed a marked reduction (76% +/- 2.1) in the proctolin (10(-8) M) response. 4. When calcium depleted preparations were returned to normal calcium levels (2 mM) in the presence of proctolin (10(-8) M) a contraction occurred that was 45% +/- 4 of the maximum in normal saline solution. However, LMS (10(-8) M) reduced this response to only 28% +/- 2 of the maximum. 5. Proctolin (10(-8) M) induced contractions in the presence of the manganous ions (2 mM) fell to 63% +/- 4 of the maximum but on the addition of LMS (10(-8) M), such responses fell to only 16% +/- 5 of the maximum. 6. These results offer evidence for a non-synaptic site of action for LMS and a perturbation of key calcium dependent events in the excitation-contraction coupling sequence of visceral muscle by this peptide. C1 USDA ARS,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP COOK, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 106 IS 3 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90226-B PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA MP732 UT WOS:A1993MP73200012 ER PT J AU MERSMANN, HJ AKANBI, K SHPARBER, A MCNEEL, RL AF MERSMANN, HJ AKANBI, K SHPARBER, A MCNEEL, RL TI BINDING OF AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS TO THE PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR(S) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGAND-BINDING; FATTY-ACID; LIPOLYSIS; SUBTYPES; SWINE; ADRENOCEPTOR; INHIBITION; INVITRO AB 1. Affinities of agonists for porcine adipose tissue beta-adrenergic receptors, determined by competitive ligand binding with H-3-dihydroalprenolol to crude adipose tissue membranes in vitro, varied from 50 times > to 25 times < than isoproterenol. Affinities for antagonists varied from 8 times > to 1000 times < propranolol. 2. Receptor affinity was not related to the ability to stimulate or inhibit lipolysis, or to the agonist or antagonist purported receptor subtype specificity. 3. Modeling of ligand-binding data indicated more than one binding site for several ligands. The assignment of beta-adrenergic subtypes to the individual binding sites was unclear because this would depend on the individual ligands used to establish binding sites. RP MERSMANN, HJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 106 IS 3 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90233-B PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA MP732 UT WOS:A1993MP73200019 PM 7905809 ER PT J AU WAGNER, RM COOK, BJ AF WAGNER, RM COOK, BJ TI COMPARATIVE ACTIONS OF THE NEUROPEPTIDES LEUCOPYROKININ AND PERIPLANETIN-CCI ON THE VISCERAL MUSCLE SYSTEMS OF THE COCKROACHES LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE AND PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORPORA CARDIACA; PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS; MYOTROPIC PEPTIDES; HORMONE; HEART AB 1. The effects of two structurally-related peptides, leucopyrokinin (LPK) and periplanetin CC-I (CCI), on contractile activities of visceral muscle systems were compared in the two cockroaches from which these peptides were originally isolated. 2. LPK elicited consistent proctolin-like responses on the hindgut, foregut, oviduct and heart of the Madeira cockroach, Leucophaea maderae, with increases in both amplitude and frequency of contraction. CCI, on the other hand, elicited a mostly tonic response on these tissues. 3. For the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, the responses elicited by LPK and CCI were tonic in nature. 4. With the exception of the response of the L. maderae hindgut and heart to LPK, threshold levels for either LPK or CCI on all other tissues of both roaches were considerably higher (10-100 times greater) than those for proctolin on the same tissues. 5. The maximum response to any concentration of LPK or CCI on the foregut and oviduct of L. maderae and that on the foregut and hindgut of P. americana never reached more than 60% of the maximum contraction achieved with proctolin. C1 VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT, COLL STN, TX 77845 USA. RP WAGNER, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 EI 1878-1659 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 106 IS 3 BP 679 EP 687 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90227-C PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA MP732 UT WOS:A1993MP73200013 ER PT J AU BELANT, JL SEAMANS, TW GABREY, SW ICKES, SK AF BELANT, JL SEAMANS, TW GABREY, SW ICKES, SK TI IMPORTANCE OF LANDFILLS TO NESTING HERRING-GULLS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE HERRING GULL; FOOD HABITS; LANDFILL; LARUS ARGENTATUS; OHIO ID GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULLS; LARUS-ARGENTATUS; HABITAT SELECTION; REFUSE TIPS; EGG SIZE; NEWFOUNDLAND; BIOLOGY AB We determined the importance of three landfills to a population of nesting Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus, 3,250 pairs) on Lake Erie, Ohio, from May-July 1992. Fish was the dominant food of adults and chicks throughout the study. Occurrence of garbage in the diet of adults and chicks remained low through chick-rearing then increased after hedging. Presence of telemetered adults at their nest sites decreased from incubation through post-hedging, in contrast to their increased presence at landfills during the same periods. Overall, females visited landfills more frequently and stayed longer than males; however, use of landfills by both sexes was minimal (<4% of total time) during all periods. Overall, gulls spent 43% and 4% of their time daily at the nest site and landfills, respectively. We estimate greater than or equal to 80% of the time remaining was spent on Lake Erie, presumably to forage. The estimated daily mean number of adult Herring Gulls at the landfills increased from incubation (143) to chick-rearing (723) to post-fledging (1,912). We estimate that 5-7%, 12-19%, and 35-55% of the adult nesting population was present at landfills at least once during incubation, chick-rearing, and post-hedging, respectively. The population turnover rate of adult Herring Gulls at one landfill decreased 50% from incubation and chick-rearing to post-hedging. Significantly more gulls at the landfills were observed on areas other than exposed refuse and were not actively foraging, suggesting that landfills are important to Herring Gulls for other reasons such as leafing or social interaction. We conclude-that landfills are unimportant to nesting Herring Gulls when alternate, higher quality food (e.g., fish) is available. The increased use of landfills by Herring Gulls during post-hedging, however, suggests that gull activity at landfills located near airports could dramatically affect aircraft safety during this time of year. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. NR 56 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 14 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 817 EP 830 DI 10.2307/1369420 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MK148 UT WOS:A1993MK14800005 ER PT J AU WUNDERLE, JM WAIDE, RB AF WUNDERLE, JM WAIDE, RB TI DISTRIBUTION OF OVERWINTERING NEARCTIC MIGRANTS IN THE BAHAMAS AND GREATER-ANTILLES SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE BAHAMAS; CARIBBEAN; DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT USE; MIGRATORY BIRDS; PARULINAE ID BIRD POPULATIONS; ANOLIS LIZARDS; FOREST; FLUCTUATIONS; ABUNDANCE; INSECTS AB Point counts and mist nets were used to survey the distribution of nearctic migrant landbirds wintering in 15 habitat types on the islands of Andros, New Providence, and Great Inagua in the Bahamas, and in western Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and St. John in the Greater Antilles. Of 150 species detected, 23% were overwintering nearctic migrants. Migrants were found at 1-7% of the points in natural or disturbed habitat (mean = 25%). Distance from North America and island size contributed only 9% of the variation in total migrant abundance among all habitats, reflecting the fact that habitats on the same island often differed substantially in suitability. However, distance and island size contributed 48% of the variation in total migrant abundance in xeric habitats, indicating that these factors may be important in contributing to migrant abundance within a habitat. Generally, geographically-restricted species were not abundant while most geographically-widespread species were abundant in a wide range of habitats. No consistent relationships were found between the abundance and distribution of migrants and residents, but the two groups did not differ in their degree of habitat specialization. Habitat specialization by migrants was rare, with one species restricted primarily to mangroves and another to pine. As found in Yucatan, migrant species that breed in mature temperate-zone forest occurred in both mature forest and second-growth habitats in the winter. However, migrants that breed in early second-growth or edge habitats mostly avoided closed-canopy forests in the Caribbean. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT BIOL,CAYEY,PR 00633. UNIV PUERTO RICO,DIV TERR ECOL,SAN JUAN,PR 00936. RP WUNDERLE, JM (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,POB B,PALMER,PR 00721, USA. NR 60 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 904 EP 933 DI 10.2307/1369428 PG 30 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MK148 UT WOS:A1993MK14800013 ER PT J AU BULL, EL BECKWITH, RC AF BULL, EL BECKWITH, RC TI DIET AND FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF VAUXS SWIFTS IN NORTHEASTERN OREGON SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE CHAETURA VAUXI; DIET; ARTHROPODS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; SWIFT; VAUXS SWIFT AB The diet of Vaux's Swifts (Chaetura vauxi) during the breeding season consisted primarily of insects in the orders Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, whiteflies), Diptera (flies), Ephemeroptera (mayflies), and Hymenoptera (ants, parasitic wasps). Diet was determined from 223 food boluses collected from adults feeding nestlings and represented 24,133 individual insects and spiders. Diet did not differ among five study areas or by time of day. A pair of swifts feeds an average of 5,344 arthropods to their nestlings each day, and an average of 154,976 arthropods during the nestling growth period. Radio-tagged swifts foraged up to 5.4 km from the nest. Of actual sightings of radio-tagged birds. 64% were foraging over land, 27% were foraging over water, and 9% were traveling in a straight line. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BULL, EL (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1016 EP 1023 DI 10.2307/1369437 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MK148 UT WOS:A1993MK14800022 ER PT J AU MASON, JR CLARK, L BEAN, NJ AF MASON, JR CLARK, L BEAN, NJ TI WHITE PLASTIC FLAGS REPEL SNOW GEESE (CHEN-CAERULESCENS) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE CROP DAMAGE; GOOSE; FLAGGING; VISUAL REPELLENT ID CANADA AB The effectiveness of white flags as visual repellents to snow geese (Chen caerulescens) was evaluated. Twelve fields, each 10.12 ha (25 acres) in area, with snow goose damage, were located and proximity was used to create six pairs. Within each pair, one field was selected randomly for treatment (one white plastic flag per acre) and the other served as a control. At 7-day intervals for 5 1/2 weeks, mean vegetation length and mean percentage vegetative cover were estimated for all fields. The results showed that grazing damage was significantly reduced in fields with flags. It is concluded that white plastic flags may be an economical and effective method of reducing snow goose damage. C1 VASSAR COLL,POUGHKEEPSIE,NY 12601. RP MASON, JR (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 12 IS 7 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(93)90089-2 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MC280 UT WOS:A1993MC28000003 ER PT J AU SMILANICK, JL DENISARRUE, R BOSCH, JR GONZALEZ, AR HENSON, D JANISIEWICZ, WJ AF SMILANICK, JL DENISARRUE, R BOSCH, JR GONZALEZ, AR HENSON, D JANISIEWICZ, WJ TI CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST BROWN-ROT OF NECTARINES AND PEACHES BY PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; MONILINIA-FRUCTICOLA; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; PSEUDOMONAS-CORRUGATA; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PLANT-PATHOGENS; MONILINIA-FRUCTICOLA; CEPACIA; FRUITS; VEGETABLES; DISEASES; LAXA; MOLD AB Microbes were applied to nectarines and peaches to control postharvest brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola. Two yeasts applied to wounds on fruit before inoculation protected fruit from subsequent infection, but they could not control decay when applied after inoculation. Two antibiotic-producing bacteria, Pseudomonas corrugata and P. cepacia, significantly reduced decay when applied up to 12 h after inoculation. P. corrugata controlled decay with fewer colony-forming units (c.f.u.) than P. cepacia; <10(4) c.f.u. per wound of P. corrugata controlled decay, whereas P. cepacia required greater-than-or-equal-to 10(5) c.f.u. per wound. Both antagonists grew rapidly in wounds but not on the intact surface of fruit. Washed cells controlled decay but filter-sterilized culture fluids did not. Both bacteria controlled the decay of wound-inoculated peaches better than thiabendazole, and P. corrugata was only slightly inferior to triforine. In tests employing very high inoculum densities of M. fructicola, both pseudomonads significantly reduced decay but were inferior to isolate B-3 of Bacillus subtilis. Decay was poorly controlled by the pseudomonads in tests with commercial fruit that was not artificially inoculated. Infections characteristic of commercially grown fruit were not accurately simulated by the artificial inoculation methods used to select antagonists. Revised strategies to control brown rot by microbial antagonists are discussed. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT FOOD SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72703. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES CTR,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP SMILANICK, JL (reprint author), USDA,ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 51 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 14 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 12 IS 7 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(93)90092-W PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MC280 UT WOS:A1993MC28000006 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, RB COOPER, RL AF HAMMOND, RB COOPER, RL TI INTERACTION OF PLANTING TIMES FOLLOWING THE INCORPORATION OF A LIVING, GREEN COVER CROP AND CONTROL MEASURES ON SEEDCORN MAGGOT POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE; SEEDCORN MAGGOT; SOYBEAN ID ANTHOMYIIDAE POPULATIONS; DIPTERA; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; IOWA; OHIO AB The impact of delaying soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting following the incorporation of a living, green cover crop and using various insecticide management practices on seedcorn maggot [Delia platura (Meigen)] populations was evaluated. Phorate soil insecticide in a 15.8 cm band and Agrox D-L Plus seed treatment [a mixture of diazinon (0.33% w/w), lindane (15.0% w/w), and captan (14.67% w/w)] were applied at planting immediately after, and 1.5 or 3 weeks after, cover crop incorporation that occurred in early May. Seedcorn maggots were sampled with adult emergence traps, and subsequent soybean injury to plumules was estimated. The number of days following tillage that soybean was planted had little effect on maggot numbers collected, but injury was lowest on soybean planted 3.5 weeks after incorporation of the cover crop. Thermal unit accumulations indicated that seedcorn maggot oviposition occurred at the time of tillage, and that the majority of insects were nearing or entering the non-feeding pupal stage at the time of the last planting, resulting in less plant injury. Phorate treatments provided the largest reduction of maggot numbers. Plant injury was least, however, when soybean was protected by an Agrox seed treatment, especially when the seed and the Agrox were mixed in a bucket before use. These reductions were observed at all three planting times, although the percentage reduction from the control differed among the three planting dates. When spring tillage incorporates a green, living organic matter into the soil in the spring, plant injury can be reduced if a grower waits for 2.5-3 weeks after tillage until planting, when approximately 250 thermal units (base of 3.9-degrees-C) are accumulated and the majority of insects are in the pupal stage. If planting is done immediately or shortly after tillage, it is recommended that soybean seed be protected with a seed treatment, preferably one that ensures complete coverage of the seed. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP HAMMOND, RB (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 12 IS 7 BP 539 EP 543 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(93)90096-2 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MC280 UT WOS:A1993MC28000010 ER PT J AU ROWE, DE AF ROWE, DE TI OXALIC-ACID EFFECTS IN EXUDATES OF SCLEROTINIA-TRIFOLIORUM AND S-SCLEROTIORUM AND POTENTIAL USE IN SELECTION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENESIS; ALFALFA AB Sclerotinia crown and stem rot caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum Eriks. or S. sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a serious problem on crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), berseem clover (T. alexandrinum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in temperate climates. The inability to develop cultivars resistant to this disease indicates more detailed research is needed on factors causing disease by either fungus. The objectives of this study were to determine what deleterious effects fungal exudates have on the seed of these legumes and attempt to measure the importance of oxalic acid in the fungal exudates. The percent seed germination and length of germinated seedlings of four cultivars each of crimson clover, berseem clover, and alfalfa were measured in five environments. Seed was placed in a host-pathogen interaction system and exposed to exudates of S. trifoliorum or S. sclerotiorum on water agar acidified with oxalic acid to a pH of 3.3, and water agar as a control (pH 6.2). In contrast to a control, fungal exudate caused a 51 to 60% reduction in seedling length and an average of two-thirds of this reduction appeared to be caused by oxalic acid. The seedling length on oxalic acid amended agar was correlated with that of seedlings exposed to exudates from S. trifoliorum (r = 0.71, 10 df) and S.sclerotiorum (r = 0.83, 10 df). Oxalic acid appeared to have potential value in selection of resistance to either fungus in alfalfa or resistance to S. sclerotiorum in crimson clover. RP ROWE, DE (reprint author), US ARS,CROP SCI LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1146 EP 1149 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200007 ER PT J AU ROWE, DE BRINK, GE AF ROWE, DE BRINK, GE TI HERITABILITIES AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS OF WHITE CLOVER CLONES GROWN IN 3 ENVIRONMENTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHEATGRASS; VARIANCES; STRESS; YIELD; PLANT AB White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is commonly grown in a legume and grass mixture, but most selection for elite clones has been as spaced plants in monoculture. This study estimates (i) population parameters important to breeding white clover when grown with two different grasses or in monoculture, and (ii) the potential for improving yield of clover grown in grasses when selection is made in monoculture. Ramets of 47 randomly selected clones from Southern Regional Virus Resistant white clover germplasm were space planted and grown for 3 yr in three environments: in monoculture, in Tifton 44 hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), and in common bermudagrass. Plant spread, yield, and stolen branching were measured at four harvests. Compared with monoculture, competition with com mon and hybrid bermudagrass reduced clover yield 60 and 45%, respectively. Environment had variable effect on magnitude of heritability estimates, which were statistically significant for each trait in each environment (H = 58 to 72%) except yield in common bermudagrass. Genetic correlations between environments were significant for clover yield and plant spread. Predicted response to selection in grass was 12 to 31% more effective than selection in monoculture for yield and 71 to 90% more effective for plant spread. The selection for yield in hybrid bermudagrass to improve yield in common bermudagrass was predicted 30% more effective than direct selection. Selection in monoculture should improve performance with grasses, but clover yield will not be maximized until selection is completed in a grass environment. RP ROWE, DE (reprint author), US ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1149 EP 1152 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200008 ER PT J AU ESCALANTE, EE WILCOX, JR AF ESCALANTE, EE WILCOX, JR TI VARIATION IN SEED PROTEIN AMONG NODES OF NORMAL-PROTEIN AND HIGH-PROTEIN SOYBEAN GENOTYPES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Current analytical techniques permit the determination of protein, nondestructively on 20- to 25-seed samples, or destructively on individual seeds of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]. When these small seed samples are analyzed, within plant variability in seed protein may affect accuracy of single plant protein values. Objectives of this study were to: (i) determine variability in seed protein among nodes of normal- and high-protein genotypes, and (ii) determine variability in protein of seeds from different positions within pods. Seeds from a single pod at all fruiting nodes and from three positions within pods of normal and high protein genotypes were analyzed for protein content in each of 2 yr. Seed protein content increased linearly from the 6th, lowest fruiting node, to the 17th, highest fruiting node, of both normal and high-protein strains. The range in seed protein across nodes averaged 344 to 432 g kg(-1) for normal and 420 to 509 g kg(-1) for high protein genotypes. No differences were detected in protein content among seeds within pods for any strain. The data demonstrate that analyses of seed samples representative of the entire plant are essential to accurately determine seed protein of individual plants. Although non-destructive analyses of 20-seed samples is possible, we recommend non-destructive analyses of all seeds from an individual plant to determine seed protein on a single plant basis. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV LOS ANDES,NUCL UNIV RAFAEL RANGEL,DEPT CIENCIAS AGR EL PRADO,ESTADO TRUJILLO,VENEZUELA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1164 EP 1166 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200011 ER PT J AU ESCALANTE, EE WILCOX, JR AF ESCALANTE, EE WILCOX, JR TI VARIATION IN SEED PROTEIN AMONG NODES OF DETERMINATE AND INDETERMINATE SOYBEAN NEAR-ISOLINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION AB Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., seed protein differs considerably among seeds from different nodes of indeterminate plants. Determinate soybean plants grown in the northern USA have fewer nodes, shorter flowering periods, but similar reproductive periods compared to indeterminate plants. The objective of this study was to determine nodal variability in seed protein of determinate vs. indeterminate soybean near-isolines. Ten pairs of near-isolines from four soybean crosses were included in a 2-yr study at West Lafayette, IN. Protein content was evaluated for seeds from individual fruiting nodes on three plants from the ten determinate and indeterminate near isolines each year. Seed protein increased linearly from 397 at Node 5 to 442 g kg(-1) seed weight at Node 11 on determinate plants. On indeterminate plants, seed protein increased from 398 at Node 6 to 441 g kg(-1) at Node 14. Protein contents of seeds from Nodes 12 through 16 of indeterminate plants were all high but values did not differ significantly among these upper nodes. The greatest range in protein among all nodes from three plants of an individual line was from 349 to 510 g kg(-1) for indeterminate and from 34 to 487 g kg(-1) for determinate plants. The data demonstrate that accurate protein determinations for determinate, as well as indeterminate soybean plants, requires adequate sampling to represent the nodal variability occurring in both plant types. C1 PURDUE UNIV, USDA ARS, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. PURDUE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. UNIV LOS ANDES, NUCL UNIV REFAEL RANGEL, DEPT CIENCIAS AGR EL PRADO, ESTADO TRUJILLO, VENEZUELA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1166 EP 1168 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200012 ER PT J AU SKORUPSKA, HT SHOEMAKER, RC WARNER, A SHIPE, ER BRIDGES, WC AF SKORUPSKA, HT SHOEMAKER, RC WARNER, A SHIPE, ER BRIDGES, WC TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM IN SOYBEAN GERMPLASM OF THE SOUTHERN USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAX L MERR; MARKERS; LOCI; DNA; LINKAGE; LINES AB A soybean restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map (ISU/USDA ARS FCR, Ames, IA) was derived from an interspecific cross of Glycine mar (L.) Merr. x G. soja Siebold and Zucc. using early maturity group genotypes. We characterized the feasibility of the application of this map to physiologically distant soybean genotypes mainly maturity group (MG) V to IX. A total of 108 genotypes of G. max were surveyed. Germplasm represented ancestral genotypes, breeding lines and elite cultivars. The RFLP markers (83 probes) used in this research spanned fifteen major linkage groups at an average distance of 26 centimorgans (cM). Fifty four percent of the probes were noninformative. Thirty-five percent had a probability of detecting polymorphism between any two random genotypes with a frequency above 0.3. The RFLP probes detecting polymorphism with high frequency were identified. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was associated with cultivar pedigree and relation to ancestral genotypes. The majority of genotypes showed molecular similarities to 'Ralsoy', 'Dorman', 'Dunfield', and 'Ogden' germplasms; a smaller group of genotypes showed molecular similarities to S-100. Genotypic similarities were observed among most genotypes. However, genotypes of MG VI and VII retained potentially valuable levels of genetic diversity. Soybean cyst nematode and bacterial pustule resistance were present in many different genetic backgrounds and no association with donor genotypes was observed in principal components analysis. The set of identified RFLP probes with high frequency of polymorphism detection should serve as a core of molecular markers for initiating mapping of agronomic traits and detection of gene linkages across a wide range of maturity groups of cultivated soybean. Genomic diversity described by the principal components analysis may be useful in germplasm selection to develop populations for genome mapping in soybean. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,CLEMSON,SC 29634. IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FCR,DEPT AGRON & ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT EXPTL STAT,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP SKORUPSKA, HT (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1169 EP 1176 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200013 ER PT J AU MCMILLIN, DE JOHNSON, JW ROBERTS, JJ AF MCMILLIN, DE JOHNSON, JW ROBERTS, JJ TI LINKAGE BETWEEN ENDOPEPTIDASE EP-D1D AND A GENE CONFERRING LEAF RUST RESISTANCE (LR19) IN WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Biochemical markers linked to pest resistance genes would be useful to plant breeders. This study was conducted to determine if biochemical markers could be found closely linked to genes conferring leaf rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Near isogenic lines have been developed in 'Thatcher' for a number of genes, Lr1 to Lr31, conferring resistance to leaf rust, caused by Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm. Fifteen of these Thatcher near isogenic lines were evaluated for the isozyme endopeptidase. Two of the near isogenic lines (Lr1 and Lr19) had endopeptidase phenotypes that differed from the Thatcher backcross parent. The endopeptidase phenotype observed in the near isogenic line possessing Lr19 was completely different from any other phenotype normally observed in wheat. The leaf rust resistant Thatcher near-isogenic line possessing Lr19 was crossed with the leaf rust susceptible cultivar 'GA 100' (PI538257). The 59 F-2 progeny were grown in the greenhouse and evaluated for leaf rust resistance and endopeptidase phenotype. All F-2 progeny exhibiting the Lr19 endopeptidase phenotype were resistant to leaf rust. Maximum likelihood estimation, using the F-2 phenotypic data, indicated a very tight linkage with a recombination value of 0.01+/-0.009 map units for the Lr19 and Ep-D1d loci. In addition, no recombinant F-2 genotypes were found among the 30 F-2 plants for which F-2 progeny were obtained. Thus, the gene Lr19, which confers resistance to leaf rust, and the gene Ep-D1d which encodes endopeptidase phenotype EP-D1d, are linked. This linkage will enable rapid detection of seedlings possessing Lr19 in wheat improvement programs. C1 DEPT AGRON,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. CLARK ATLANTA UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30314. SCI RES INST,ATLANTA,GA 30310. US ARS,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1201 EP 1203 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200018 ER PT J AU SALADONAVARRO, LR SINCLAIR, TR HINSON, K AF SALADONAVARRO, LR SINCLAIR, TR HINSON, K TI CHANGES IN YIELD AND SEED GROWTH TRAITS IN SOYBEAN CULTIVARS RELEASED IN THE SOUTHERN USA FROM 1945 TO 1983 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER ALLOCATION; REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; FILLING PERIOD; DURATION; CANOPY AB The successive release of new cultivars over time implies that crop yield, and perhaps the physiological traits which influence it, have been improved or altered. For soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr] cul tivars released in the southern USA, there is little information on the impact of cultivar improvement on physiological traits. The objectives of our studies were to (i) estimate the genetic change in seed yield relative to year of cultivar release for a set of cultivars released over nearly a 40 yr period, and (ii) assess what concomitant changes occurred in the above-ground biomass at the beginning of seed growth, dates of reproductive stage R5 (beginning seed fill) and R7 (physiological maturity), final harvest index, dry matter allocation during seed growth, and seed filling duration. Eighteen determinate soybean cultivars of Maturity Groups (MG) VI through VIII released in USA from 1945 to 1983 were field tested in eight environments, four in Florida and four in Argentina. Annual rates of genetic gain in seed yield were significant and positive in only two U.S. environments (1.59 and 1.87 g m(-2) yr(-1)). The newest cultivars exhibited superior yields over the oldest cultivars only within MG VII and VIII, when the analysis included all four USA environments. In Argentina, no increase in yield was observed in relation to year of cultivar release, even in an environment where the mean seed yield exceeded 4000kg ha(-1), which was 73% higher than the best USA trial. In fact, some of the oldest released cultivars were found to have the highest yields in the Argentina environments. None of the physiological traits measured at the USA locations were found to change appreciably with year of cultivar release. In fact, seed yield within and across environments was not found to be consistently associated with any of the measured seed growth traits. Seemingly, a number of alternatives for combining seed growth traits have been used in the succession of released soybean cultivars. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,US ARS,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1204 EP 1209 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200019 ER PT J AU KOESTER, RP SISCO, PH STUBER, CW AF KOESTER, RP SISCO, PH STUBER, CW TI IDENTIFICATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI CONTROLLING DAYS TO FLOWERING AND PLANT HEIGHT IN 2 NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES OF MAIZE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKER-FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MOLECULAR MARKERS; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; LINKAGE; TOMATO; GENES AB The number of days from planting to flowering is a trait of interest to maize (Zea mays L.) breeders for its importance in selecting appropriate hybrid parents, and for its role in the utilization of unadapted germplasm. Using molecular marker technology, we were able to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling days to flowering and two correlated traits, plant height and total leaf number, in two near isogenic lines (NILs). NC264 and B73G are shorter, earlier versions of SC76 and B73 respectively, developed by introgressing Gaspe Flint and selecting for early flowering through repeated backcrosses. The NILs were screened for introgressed chromosomal regions with restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Seven introgressed regions were identified in NC264 and two in B73G, with a specific chromosome 8 region maintained in both NILs. The introgressed regions were tested for their effect on flowering date and plant height in segregating F-2 populations and F-3 families developed from crosses between the original inbred and the NIL. The NC264 x SC76 F-2 population was tested in both long and short-day photoperiod environments. The RFLP analysis of the F-2 individuals and F-3 families identified major QTLs for days to flowering and plant height on chromosomes 1, 8, and 10. Major QTLs for total leaf number were found on chromosomes 1 and 8. Single-factor analysis of variance techniques were employed for all pairwise marker trait associations. Additive gene action predominated at all loci. The most significant effects were constant across environments, generations, and populations except for the region on chromosome 8, which was not significant in the short-day photoperiod environment. Thus, the maturity QTL on chromosome 8 may represent a photoperiod response element. Selective determination of genotype using only the top and bottom 10% of the phenotypic extremes to identify QTLs was as effective as analysis of the entire population for detecting the most significant marker trait associations. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA,ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP KOESTER, RP (reprint author), GENET DESIGN INC,7017 ALBERT PICK RD,GREENSBORO,NC 27409, USA. NR 28 TC 101 Z9 118 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1209 EP 1216 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200020 ER PT J AU HOCKETT, EA COOK, AF KHAN, MA MARTIN, JM JONES, BL AF HOCKETT, EA COOK, AF KHAN, MA MARTIN, JM JONES, BL TI HYBRID PERFORMANCE AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR YIELD AND MALT QUALITY IN A DIALLEL CROSS OF BARLEY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPRING BARLEY; TRAITS AB Breeders of autogamous crop species such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) have long been interested in developing F-1 hybrids as an alternative to pure-line cultivars in order to capitalize on the benefits of heterosis. Hybrid barley might have most commercial potential because its grain is used in the malting and brewing industry where it commands a premium price. In addition to increased grain yield, hybrids might provide an added benefit in heterosis for malting traits. Our objective was to investigate heterosis and combining ability for malting and brewing traits in a sample of barley cultivars chosen to represent a range in malting and brewing quality. Barley cultivars Harrington, Klages, Menuet, Morex, and Piroline were intercrossed in diallel fashion to produce the 10 possible F-1 hybrids. Reciprocals were produced except for Klages. Morex is six-rowed, and the other four are two-rowed cultivars. All but Menuet are or have been accepted malting cultivars in the USA. parents plus the F-1 were evaluated in hill plots in 2 yr and parents plus F-1 bulks were evaluated in row plots in 1 yr at Bozeman, MT. Physical and chemical malting characteristics were measured on all grain samples. Analyses were performed to determine importance of heterosis and general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for yield and malting characteristics. The GCA effects were important for all traits in both years of the F-1 trial and the F-1 bulk trial, while SCA effects were important for malt protein and wort protein concentrations in both years of the F-1 trial and for grain yield, kernel weight, and percent plump kernels in the F-1 trial. Reciprocal differences were generally not important; they accounted for a significant portion of the variation among cross means only for diastatic power in both of the F-1 trials. Average heterosis (F-1 mean minus mean of parents) was detected for grain yield, kernel weight,percent plump kernels, wort protein, and wort/malt protein ratio in both F-1 trials. The heterosis for wort protein and protein ratio is undesirable for commercial use. Greatest heterosis for yield occurred between unrelated two rowed parents, but F(1)s with best malting quality were obtained from crosses of closely related parents with high malt quality. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA,ARS,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. US ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1239 EP 1244 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200025 ER PT J AU XIE, WZ TROLINDER, NL HAIGLER, CH AF XIE, WZ TROLINDER, NL HAIGLER, CH TI COOL TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON COTTON FIBER INITIATION AND ELONGATION CLARIFIED USING IN-VITRO CULTURES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIRSUTUM-L FIBER; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; CELL-WALL; OVULES AB An understanding of the mechanistic basis of adverse environmental effects on cotton fiber development is a prerequisite to future improvement through genetic engineering and aids in field management to minimize such adverse effects. In order to clarify previous results from field studies on the effects of cool temperatures on initiation, early elongation, and later elongation of cotton fibers, cotton ovules (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultured in vitro were used as a manipulable and reproducible experimental system based on previous evidence that they provide a valid model. Culture temperature varied from a control of 34 degrees C constant to 34/15 degrees C cycling (12/12 h) to mimic a typical diurnal temperature cycle. Fiber initiation and early elongation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and the progress of later elongation was determined by ruler measurements. The results demonstrated that fiber initiation and early elongation (up to about 0.5-mm length) were independently delayed by cycling cool temperatures, but that later elongation preceded in a temperature independent manner. The early delay in fiber development caused by cycling cool temperatures was associated with a longer elongation period during which fibers could attain the control length. Therefore, the results suggest that there are three stages of fiber elongation as distinguished by different temperature responses: initiation, early elongation, and later elongation to attain the genetically determined potential. Consequently, the field temperature during fiber initiation and early elongation may have a profound effect on the final fiber length attained in a limited growing season. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. US ARS,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1258 EP 1264 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200029 ER PT J AU MORRISON, TA BUXTON, DR AF MORRISON, TA BUXTON, DR TI ACTIVITY OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE, TYROSINE AMMONIA-LYASE, AND CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE IN THE MAIZE STALK SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULUS-X-EURAMERICANA; LIGNIN SYNTHESIS; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; FUNGAL ELICITOR; PURIFICATION; INDUCTION; HEMICELLULOSE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The relation between the activities of lignification enzymes and deposition of cell-wall components during progressive stages of development has not been demonstrated. In this study, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), and cinnamyl alcohol:NADPH dehydrogenase (CAD) activities were determined in maize (Zea maize L.) internodes at several development stages, and the activities were correlated with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin concentrations. Growth-chamber grown. maize was harvested at the fourteenth leaf stage, enzyme activities were quantified, and cell-wall components were determined by the detergent system of fiber fractionation from the lower, middle, and upper sections of Internodes 7 through 14. Internode 7 was the second internode above the groundline. Cell-wall maturation proceeded basipetally within each internode or the stalk, and appeared to be regulated by a coordinated and basipetal sequence of enzyme activities. Activity of PAL and TAL was highest in internodes undergoing rapid elongation and differentiation (Internodes 14-13) and progressively diminished in Internodes 11 through 7, which were maturing following cessation of elongation. CAD activity was lowest in upper Internodes 14 through 12, but progressively increased in internodes that were halting elongation (Internodes 11-7) and were commencing cell-wall fiber deposition. The degree of lignification increased as CAD activity increased; hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin depositions correlated strongly with CAD activity rather than with PAL and TAL. CAD activity appears committed to lignification specifically, and to secondary cell-waif formation, in general, whereas PAL and TAL activities appear to have no direct regulatory role. RP MORRISON, TA (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AGRON HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1264 EP 1268 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200030 ER PT J AU GRIEVE, CM LESCH, SM MAAS, EV FRANCOIS, LE AF GRIEVE, CM LESCH, SM MAAS, EV FRANCOIS, LE TI LEAF AND SPIKELET PRIMORDIA INITIATION IN SALT-STRESSED WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; APICAL DEVELOPMENT; APEX DEVELOPMENT; WATER-STRESS; PHOTOPERIOD; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; NUMBER; FIELD AB Salt stress is known to affect adversely shoot apex development in cereals. This study was conducted to determine rate and duration of leaf and spikelet primordia initiation as related to final leaf and spikelet numbers in salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Early shoot development of two hard red spring wheat cultivars, Yecora Rojo and Anza, was studied in both greenhouse sand cultures and outdoor field lysimeters. In each case, two saline treatments were compared with a nonsaline control treatment. The sand cultures were irrigated with complete nutrient solutions to which NaCl and CaCl2 (2:1 molar ratio) were added to achieve electrical conductivities (kappa(iw)) of 1.7, 12.2, and 15.1 dS m(-1). Lysimeters were irrigated with tap water salinized to kappa(iw) levels of 0.8, 11.4, and 17.1 dS m(-1). Timing of primordium initiation was expressed in accumulated thermal time measured in the soil (degrees C d(soil)). A three-piece linear-spline model was developed to facilitate the statistical analysis and interpretation of primordium initiation. Parameters of the model corresponded to morphologically significant events. In both experimental locations, each genotype exhibited a similar response to increasing salinity. The rate of leaf primordium initiation decreased while the duration of this phase was unchanged. Salinity had no effect on the rate of spikelet primordium initiation of the genotypes, but the duration of this phase was shortened. As a result, the number of leaves on the main stem and the number of spikelets per spike were significantly reduced by salinity and the yield potential of both genotypes was severely limited. RP GRIEVE, CM (reprint author), US ARS,US SALINIT LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1286 EP 1294 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200034 ER PT J AU PETTIGREW, WT HEITHOLT, JJ VAUGHN, KC AF PETTIGREW, WT HEITHOLT, JJ VAUGHN, KC TI GAS-EXCHANGE DIFFERENCES AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AMONG COTTON LEAF-TYPE ISOLINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; YIELD; CARBOXYLASE; MORPHOLOGY; LEAVES; GROWTH AB Photosynthesis rate could be a selection criterion for plant breeders, especially if lines with superior photosynthesis could be identified and coupled with those lines with suitable partitioning of photosynthate between reproductive and vegetative growth. Establishing why certain lines may differ in photosynthetic rate could provide additional tools for selection. Photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of the youngest fully expanded leaf in field plots of the super okra, okra, and normal leaf-type isolines of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotype 'MD 65-11', which differ in leaf size and degree of lobing, were compared with the normal leaf genotype 'DPL 50'. Super okra and okra averaged 24 and 22% greater leaf CO2-exchange rates (CER), respectively, than the normal leaf isoline in both 1989 and 1990. These differences were associated primarily with greater specific leaf weight (SLW) and leaf chlorophyll concentration of the super okra and okra leaf types. Wateruse efficiency [WUE(g) = CER/leaf stomatal conductance (g(5))] was 59 and 40% greater for super okra and okra, respectively, during 1990 compared to normal leaf. Leaves of the super okra and okra isolines were 42% thicker than normal leaf which contributed to this greater SLW. The relative tissue percentage of various cell types and mesophyll surface area per unit leaf volume did not differ among genotypes. Rubisco concentrations per unit stroma area were similar among chloroplasts of the different genotypes. Genotypic differences in CER are likely due to a greater concentration of photosynthetic apparatus per unit leaf area caused by leaf thickness differences, however the possibility of differences in the rate of dark respiration or photorespiration cannot be discounted. C1 US ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP PETTIGREW, WT (reprint author), US ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1295 EP 1299 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200035 ER PT J AU RABOY, V DICKINSON, DB AF RABOY, V DICKINSON, DB TI PHYTIC ACID LEVELS IN SEEDS OF GLYCINE-MAX AND G-SOJA AS INFLUENCED BY PHOSPHORUS STATUS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZINC; GERMINATION; PROTEIN; NUTRITION; PHYTATE AB Improvement in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] nutritional quality may be achieved via a reduction in seed phytic acid P. To advance our knowledge of factors that determine seed phytic acid P levels, the relations between external P availability, leaf or shoot P, and seed P fractions (phytic acid and non-phytic acid P) were studied in soybean and G. soja (Sieb. & Zucc.) germplasm. Mean phytic acid P varied from 4.3 to 6.2 g P kg(-1) in mature seeds of 12 soybean cultivars grown under three field environments. Cultivars ranked similarly in each environment and 98% of the variation in phytic acid P was attributable to a positive, linear effect of available soil P. No significant variation was observed in seed non-phytic acid P. Similar results were obtained when selected soybean and G. soja lines were grown in sand watered with nutrient solutions containing P concentrations ranging from 2 to 50 mg L(-1). Leaf or shoot P concentrations and seed phytic acid P concentrations were positively correlated and in G. soja were nearly double those observed with indeterminate soybean cultivars. The higher leaf P and seed phytic acid P concentrations in G. soja as compared with indeterminate soybean lines were attributed to reduced P utilization efficiency defined as reduced biomass production per unit of total shoot P. These results indicate that essentially all variation in seed P is found as variation in phytic acid P, and that this variation is related to leaf P concentration in a complex manner determined by genotype and soil P availability. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT HORT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP RABOY, V (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1300 EP 1305 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200036 ER PT J AU HENDRIX, DL AF HENDRIX, DL TI RAPID EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS OF NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES IN PLANT-TISSUES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STARCH; SUCROSE; CARBON AB Considerable time is necessary to determine the nonstructural carbohydrates (i.e., glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch) in plant tissues and some methods used for this purpose lack specificity. Two steps in such assays typically occupy much of the assay time: sample drying and homogenization/centrifugation. A laboratory method was therefore developed to carry out such assays without either of these steps. The new method involved separation of the ethanol soluble carbohydrates from disks or slices of plant tissue with hot aqueous ethanol and the in situ conversion of starch to glucose by enzymes. The amount of ethanol-soluble sugars and the glucose released from the tissue during the starch digestion were then determined in a microplate assay using an enzyme-coupled colorimetric reaction which was highly spe cific for glucose. The two starch-degrading enzymes (alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase) and short digestion times (1.5 h) utilized in this method were selected to quantitatively release glucose from the starch in these samples without digesting significant amounts of beta-glucans. Results obtained with this technique were found to compare favorably with those obtained by homogenization of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf tissue. Besides cotton, this method has been successfully used to analyze soluble carbohydrates from a variety of other plant species. By this method it is possible to analyze plant samples two to five times faster than methods which employ sample drying and homogenization. RP HENDRIX, DL (reprint author), US ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 20 TC 232 Z9 243 U1 8 U2 54 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1306 EP 1311 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200037 ER PT J AU MATARUKA, DF COX, WJ PLEASANT, JM VANES, HM KLAUSNER, SD ZOBEL, RW AF MATARUKA, DF COX, WJ PLEASANT, JM VANES, HM KLAUSNER, SD ZOBEL, RW TI TILLAGE AND NITROGEN-SOURCE EFFECTS ON GROWTH, YIELD, AND QUALITY OF FORAGE MAIZE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; DAIRY MANURE; COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVITY; CATTLE MANURE; LEAF NITROGEN; DRY-MATTER; CORN; SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; ACCUMULATION AB Manure has not been evaluated as an N source for maize (Zea mays L.) production under ridge tillage (RT). A 2-yr field study was conducted on a Kendaia-Lima silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic Aeric Haplaquept) to evaluate growth, yield, and quality of forage maize under moldboard plow (MP) and RT with fertilizer N (MPF and RTF) or with manure and supplemental fertilizer N (MPM and RTM, respectively). Soil water pressure and leaf carbon exchange rates (CER) were measured frequently; and plant N concentration, leaf area index (W), and dry matter (DM) accumulation were measured at the six-leaf stage (V6), silking (R1), and hat-vest. The MPM treatment generally had lower CER from V5 to vs, lower whole-plant N concentrations at V6 in 1989 (24.7 g kg(-1)) and 1990 (28.2 g kg(-1)), and lower W and DM accumulation at V6 (0.39 and 37 g m(-2)) and R1 (3.27 and 844 g m(-2), respectively) in 1989. In contrast, RTM compared to MPF and RTF had similar CER, whole plant N concentrations, W and DM accumulation on most measurement dates. The MPM treatment compared to MPF, RTF, and RTM had lower DM yields (13.6, 16.3, 15.7, and 14.9 Mg ha(-1)) and whole-plant N concentrations (7.8, 8.5, 8.5, and 8.4 g kg(-1)) in 1989, and lower DM yields (13.7, 15.3, 15.0, and 15.9 Mg ha(-1), respectively) in 1990. Surface application of manure before planting with supplemental fertilizer N at V5 was a viable N management system for forage maize under RT. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1316 EP 1321 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200039 ER PT J AU JUNG, GA SHAFFER, JA AF JUNG, GA SHAFFER, JA TI PLANTING DATE AND SEEDING RATE EFFECTS ON MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF TURNIP SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAPE; QUALITY; HYBRIDS AB Productivity of Kentucky bluegrass (Pea pratensis L.) pastures in midwestern and northeastern USA typically is low in late fall. A study was conducted to determine the influence of planting date and seeding rate on morphological development of turnip (Brassica rapa L.), and its potential to provide forage in late fall. Turnip was seeded in rows on Hagerstown silt loam (fine mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf soil, utilizing a split-split block design with replicates nested within each whole block (planting date). Cultivar and seeding rate combinations were randomized within each replicate, and sampling date was the split split block. Total yield of turnip sometimes exceeded 10.0 t ha(-1). With June or July plantings, turnip had 500 to 800 g kg(-1) in its tops 60 d after planting, whereas with August plantings it had 700 to 900 g kg(-1) in its tops. In December, the proportion in tops ranged from 250 g kg(-1) for 'Purple Top' to 650 g kg(-1) for 'Tyfon' planted in June or July; and from 500 g kg(-1) for Purple Top to 850 g kg(-1) for Tyfon planted in August. The proportion of total yield that remained until mid-December varied with planting date, cultivar, and foliar disease severity. Yield of tops or roots of five turnip cultivars differed in 36 of 38 planting date/sampling date combinations. Seeding rates within the range 1.7 to 5.0 kg ha(-1) generally did not affect root yields. Mean crude protein concentration ranged from 270 g kg(-1) in 'Forage Star' to 250 g kg(-1) in 'Rondo'. Crude protein yield of Forage Star remained unchanged throughout the 120 d period whereas crude protein yields of 'NZ Green Globe', Rondo, and Purple Top decreased linearly and that of Tyfon showed a quadratic response (an initial gain followed by a sharp decline). Differences in turnip yields in late autumn were attributed to planting date, amount and time of summer precipitation, plant resistance to foliar diseases, cold tolerance, and leaf retention. Delaying summer planting date affected top/root proportions of purple Top most, and those of Forage Star and Tyfon least. RP JUNG, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1329 EP 1334 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200041 ER PT J AU HEATHERLY, LG YOUNG, LD AF HEATHERLY, LG YOUNG, LD TI RESPONSE OF SUSCEPTIBLE, MODERATELY SUSCEPTIBLE, AND MODERATELY RESISTANT SOYBEAN CULTIVARS TO RACE-14 CYST-NEMATODE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; CLAY SOIL; IRRIGATION AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) infests soils throughout the mid and lower Mississippi River Valley, the Ohio River alley, and the southeastern Coastal Plain in the USA, and fan reduce soybean [Glycine mar CL.) Merr.] yield significantly. This study compared the yields of susceptible ('Essex'), moderately susceptible ('Cordell'), and moderately resistant ('A5474' or LA5403') Maturity Group V soybean at different levels of SCN (Race 14) infestation in a greenhouse. Level of initial infestation of SCN was 0, 200, and 600 cysts L(-1) in the top 15 cm depth of greenhouse pots. Seed yield of all cultivars declined with increasing level of infestation in 1990, but in 1992, seed yield of all cultivars declined significantly only between the 0 and 200 cysts L(-1) level. Yields of Essex and Cordell were essentially equal within all infestation levels, while yields of A5474 and A5403 were greater than those of Essex and Cordell in the infested treatments. Yield declines between the 0 and 200 cysts L(-1) treatments averaged 55% for Essex, 50% for Cordell, and 20% for A5474 and A5403. Seed yield was significantly correlated with number of pods and number of seed in both years, but not with weight of seeds or seeds per pod. These results indicate that SCN will reduce yield of moderately resistant and moderately susceptible cultivars dissimilarly. These results also indicate that the classification of cultivars for resistance to SCN reproduction is not necessarily indicative of the yield potential of these cultivars in the presence of SCN Race 14. C1 US ARS,JACKSON,TN 38301. RP HEATHERLY, LG (reprint author), US ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1334 EP 1337 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200042 ER PT J AU MCVEY, DV LONG, DL AF MCVEY, DV LONG, DL TI GENES FOR LEAF RUST RESISTANCE IN HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT CULTIVARS AND PARENTAL LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; INFECTION-TYPE DATA; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; VIRULENCE AB Knowledge of the genes for resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia recondita Roberge es Desmaz. f. sp. tritici present in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and breeding lines is useful in developing resistant cultivars, estimating potential disease loss, and deter mining pathogen over-wintering. The objective of this study was to postulate the known Lr genes conferring low seedling reaction in 30 cultivars and 56 hard red winter wheat breeding lines from nine winter wheat breeding programs. Entries were inoculated with 17 isolates of P. r. f. sp. tritici previously characterized for avirulence/virulence to 16 Lr genes. The genes identified and the cultivars were as follows: Lr1: Karl, Mit, Newton, and Thunderbird; Lr3: Brule, Hail, Karl, Redland, and Pioneer 2180; Lr10; Arapahoe, Karl, Mit, Sandy, TAM 105, and TAM 106; Lr14a: Hail, Lamed, Pioneer 2157, Pioneer 2163, Pioneer 2172, Pioneer 2180, Vona and Victory; Lr16: Arapahoe, Brule, and Redland; Lr24: Abilene, Arapahoe, Cimmaron, Collin. Siouxland, Thunderbird, and TAM 200; and Lr26: Siouxland. No genes for resistance were detected in 'Agseco 7846' and 'Agseco 7853','Chisholm', 'Eagle', and 'TAM 107'. Fourteen of the 16 genes were postulated as being present in the parental lines. Lr24, Lr3, Lr1, and Lna occurred with the greatest frequent, followed by Lr26, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr16, Lr9, Lr17, Lr3ka, Lr18, Lr30, and Lr11. In combination, only Lr9 and Lr24, and Lr9 and Lr16 of these known genes presently provide resistance to leaf rust in the seedling growth stage in North America. However, the additional incorporation of Lr3ka, Lr17, and Lr30 would provide added protection. RP MCVEY, DV (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1373 EP 1381 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200049 ER PT J AU WESENBERG, DM BURRUP, DE WHITMORE, JC JONES, BL AF WESENBERG, DM BURRUP, DE WHITMORE, JC JONES, BL TI REGISTRATION OF COLTER BARLEY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV IDAHO,TETONIA RES & EXT CTR,NEWDALE,ID 83436. US ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES INST,MADISON,WI 53705. RP WESENBERG, DM (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,USDA,ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,ABERDEEN RE,POB 307,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1401 EP 1401 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200054 ER PT J AU MURPHY, JP NAVARRO, RA LEATH, S MURPHY, CF AF MURPHY, JP NAVARRO, RA LEATH, S MURPHY, CF TI REGISTRATION OF MOLLYBLOOM BARLEY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP MURPHY, JP (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, DEPT CROP SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1402 EP 1403 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200056 ER PT J AU MURPHY, JP NAVARRO, RA LEATH, S MURPHY, CF AF MURPHY, JP NAVARRO, RA LEATH, S MURPHY, CF TI REGISTRATION OF MULLIGAN BARLEY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP MURPHY, JP (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, DEPT CROP SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1402 EP 1402 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200055 ER PT J AU BOUTON, JH GATES, RN HILL, GM OWSLEY, M WOOD, DT AF BOUTON, JH GATES, RN HILL, GM OWSLEY, M WOOD, DT TI REGISTRATION OF GEORGIA-5 TALL FESCUE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 US ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ANIM SCI,TIFTON,GA. US SCS,AMERICUS PLANT MAT CTR,AMERICUS,GA 31709. RP BOUTON, JH (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1405 EP 1405 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200059 ER PT J AU MCBLAIN, BA FIORITTO, RJ STMARTIN, SK CALIPDUBOIS, AJ SCHMITTHENNER, AF COOPER, RL MARTIN, RJ AF MCBLAIN, BA FIORITTO, RJ STMARTIN, SK CALIPDUBOIS, AJ SCHMITTHENNER, AF COOPER, RL MARTIN, RJ TI REGISTRATION OF THORNE SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA,ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1406 EP 1406 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200061 ER PT J AU MURPHY, JP NAVARRO, RA LEATH, S MURPHY, CF AF MURPHY, JP NAVARRO, RA LEATH, S MURPHY, CF TI REGISTRATION OF YEATS OAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA,ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US ARS,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MURPHY, JP (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA,ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1408 EP 1408 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200064 ER PT J AU BOLLICH, CN HUNG, HH WEBB, BD MARCHETTI, MA SCOTT, JE AF BOLLICH, CN HUNG, HH WEBB, BD MARCHETTI, MA SCOTT, JE TI REGISTRATION OF DELLMONT RICE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 US ARS,BEAUMONT,TX. TEXAS A&M UNIV,AGR RES & EXT CTR,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1410 EP 1411 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200067 ER PT J AU BAENZIGER, PS SCHMIDT, JW PETERSON, CJ SHELTON, DR BALTENSPERGER, DD NELSON, LA MCVEY, DV HATCHETT, JH AF BAENZIGER, PS SCHMIDT, JW PETERSON, CJ SHELTON, DR BALTENSPERGER, DD NELSON, LA MCVEY, DV HATCHETT, JH TI REGISTRATION OF VISTA WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA,ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA,ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA,ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP BAENZIGER, PS (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1412 EP 1412 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200069 ER PT J AU MEREDITH, WR AF MEREDITH, WR TI REGISTRATION OF MD51NE COTTON SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP MEREDITH, WR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, JAMIE WHITTEN DELTA STATES RES CTR, COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET UNIT, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 5 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1415 EP 1415 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200074 ER PT J AU ALLEN, FL PANTER, DM YOUNG, LD AF ALLEN, FL PANTER, DM YOUNG, LD TI REGISTRATION OF TN 6-90 SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 US ARS,W TENNESSEE AGR EXPT STN,JACKSON,TN 38301. RP ALLEN, FL (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1417 EP 1417 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200077 ER PT J AU HANNA, WW WILSON, JP WELLS, HD GUPTA, SC AF HANNA, WW WILSON, JP WELLS, HD GUPTA, SC TI REGISTRATION OF TIFT NUMBER-5 S-1 PEARL-MILLET GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN, DEP PLANT PATHOL, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, SADCC, SORGHUM & MILLETS IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM, BULAWAYO, ZIMBABWE. RP HANNA, WW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA, USDA, ARS, AGR RES STN, DEPT AGRON, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1417 EP 1418 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200078 ER PT J AU HANZEL, JJ GULYA, TJ AF HANZEL, JJ GULYA, TJ TI REGISTRATION OF 2 BIRD-RESISTANT OILSEED SUNFLOWER GERMPLASM LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP HANZEL, JJ (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1419 EP 1420 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200082 ER PT J AU WIDSTROM, NW WILLIAMS, WP WISEMAN, BR DAVIS, FM AF WIDSTROM, NW WILLIAMS, WP WISEMAN, BR DAVIS, FM TI REGISTRATION OF GT-FAWCC(C5) MAIZE GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 US ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP WIDSTROM, NW (reprint author), US ARS,IBPMRL,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1422 EP 1422 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200085 ER PT J AU YOUNG, BA AF YOUNG, BA TI REGISTRATION OF TEM-SR1 KLEINGRASS GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID RESISTANCE RP YOUNG, BA (reprint author), US ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1423 EP 1423 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200087 ER PT J AU STEINER, JJ AF STEINER, JJ TI REGISTRATION OF AG-S4 AUTOGAMOUS BROAD-LEAF BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP STEINER, JJ (reprint author), US ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1424 EP 1425 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR712 UT WOS:A1993MR71200089 ER PT J AU SWETNAM, TW LYNCH, AM AF SWETNAM, TW LYNCH, AM TI MULTICENTURY, REGIONAL-SCALE PATTERNS OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAKS SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE ABIES-CONCOLOR; CHORISTONEURA-OCCIDENTALIS; CLIMATE CHANGE; DENDROECOLOGY; FOREST DISTURBANCE; FOREST DYNAMICS; OLD GROWTH; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; TREE RINGS; WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RELATIVE ROLES; PLANT STRESS; INSECTS; DYNAMICS; FOREST; FIRE; HYPOTHESIS; FREQUENCY; ONTARIO AB Tree ring chronologies from 24 mixed-conifer stands were used to reconstruct the long-term history of western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis) in northern New Mexico. Temporal and spatial patterns of budworm infestations (within-stand occurrences) and outbreaks (more-or-less synchronous infestations across many stands) were investigated to identify local-scale to regional-scale forest disturbance patterns. Nine regional-scale outbreaks were identified from 1690 to 1989. One ancient stand of Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii) exceeding 700 yr in age revealed that budworms and overstory trees can coexist for extraordinary lengths of time. Using spectral analysis we found that the regional outbreak record contained important cyclical components with periods varying from almost-equal-to 20 to 33 yr. The statistically significant (P < .05) but variable periodicity of regional outbreaks suggests the forest-budworm dynamic is pseudoperiodic (i.e., a stable limit cycle or damped oscillator perturbed by noise). Duration of infestations within stands was almost-equal-to 11 yr and has not obviously changed in the 20th century; however, infestations tended to be more synchronous among stands in this century than during earlier centuries. Regional budworm activity was low from the mid-1920s to late 1930s and mid-1960s to late 1970s, and the most recent outbreak, beginning in the late 1970s, was unusually severe. These results, and contrasting infestation patterns in mountain ranges with different land use histories, generally support a hypothesis that human-induced changes in Southwestern forests have led to more widespread and intense budworm outbreaks in the late 20th century. Despite human-induced changes in the 20th century, climate variation also appears to have been important to budworm regimes in this century as well as in earlier times. Regional outbreaks in the 20th century tended to occur during years of increased spring precipitation, and decreased budworm activity coincided with decreased spring precipitation. No clear association with temperature was identified. Comparisons of regional outbreak history since AD 1600 with a reconstruction of spring precipitation from limber pine (Pinus flexilis) ring width chronologies also shows that periods of increased and decreased budworm activity coincided with wetter and drier periods, respectively. This finding contrasts with results from shorter time-scale studies conducted in northwestern U.S. and Canada (western spruce budworm) and eastern Canada (spruce budworm C. fumiferana), where low precipitation and/or warmer temperatures were generally associated with outbreaks. Different patterns of budworm population response to changing moisture regimes might be due to differences in regional forest-budworm systems, or to differences in the spatial and temporal scales of observation. We conclude that changes in forest structure in the southwestern U.S. may have shifted the spatial and temporal pattern of budworm outbreaks. The dynamic behavior and statistically significant association between multicentury, regional budworm and climate time series also suggest that complex budworm dynamics are driven by a combination of internal and external factors. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP SWETNAM, TW (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,TREE RING RES LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 102 TC 192 Z9 198 U1 5 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 63 IS 4 BP 399 EP 424 DI 10.2307/2937153 PG 26 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN549 UT WOS:A1993MN54900004 ER PT J AU SAMARAS, SE GUTHRIE, HD BARBER, JA HAMMOND, JM AF SAMARAS, SE GUTHRIE, HD BARBER, JA HAMMOND, JM TI EXPRESSION OF THE MESSENGER-RNAS FOR THE INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTORS AND THEIR BINDING-PROTEINS DURING DEVELOPMENT OF PORCINE OVARIAN FOLLICLES SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID I GENE-EXPRESSION; FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT; GRANULOSA-CELLS; GONADOTROPINS; INHIBIN; FLUID AB We examined the expression of the mRNAs for the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and two of their binding proteins (BPs), IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3, in individual follicles of the porcine ovary. Follicular development was synchronized with a progestin (altrenogest). Individual follicles were isolated on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after progestin withdrawal. No IGFBP-3 mRNA was detected. While IGF-II mRNA was easily detected, the levels of expression did not change. IGF-I and IGFBP-2 mRNAs increased and decreased, respectively, with follicle development until day 7 when IGF-I expression declined. Regression analysis of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 mRNA expression was performed to assess the relative strength of correlations with day, diameter and steroid concentrations as covariates. IGFBP-2 MRNA was correlated with both day and diameter (r - -.713 and -.705, respectively, n-24) and neither estrogen (E2) nor progesterone (P4) contributed to the fit. While IGF-I mRNA expression was correlated to both day (r - .483) and diameter (r -.587), the strongest predictor was E2 concentration (r - .694, n-27). In conclusion, the expression of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 mRNAs in the ovarian follicle are discordantly regulated during follicular growth and maturation. The observed changes in these parameters should result in increased bioavailable IGF-1. This supports a pivotal autocrine/paracrine role for these factors during follicle growth and development, C1 PENN STATE UNIV, MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR, DEPT MED, HERSHEY, PA 17033 USA. PENN STATE UNIV, MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR, DEPT CELLULAR & MOLEC PHYSIOL, HERSHEY, PA 17033 USA. USDA, GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD24565] NR 15 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD NOV PY 1993 VL 133 IS 5 BP 2395 EP 2398 DI 10.1210/en.133.5.2395 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ME080 UT WOS:A1993ME08000063 PM 7691589 ER PT J AU MORGAN, TD OPPERT, B CZAPLA, TH KRAMER, KJ AF MORGAN, TD OPPERT, B CZAPLA, TH KRAMER, KJ TI AVIDIN AND STREPTAVIDIN AS INSECTICIDAL AND GROWTH-INHIBITING DIETARY PROTEINS SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE AVIDIN; STREPTAVIDIN; BIOTIN; INSECTICIDE; STORED PRODUCT INSECTS; CORN BORER; BEETLES; MOTHS; PLANT RESISTANCE ID REPRODUCTION; COLEOPTERA AB Avidin was found to be an insecticidal and growth inhibiting dietary protein for five species of Coleoptera (red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, confused flour beetle, T. confusum, sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaphilus surinamensis, rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, and lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica) and two species of Lepidoptera (European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella). At levels ranging from 10 to 1000 ppm in the diet depending on the species, avidin retarded the growth and caused mortality of all seven species. Addition of biotin to the avidin-treated diets for T. castaneum, T. confusum, R. dominica, and O. nubilalis prevented the growth inhibition and mortality caused by avidin. Streptavidin exhibited similar insecticidal and growth inhibiting activity towards T. castaneum and O. nubilalis. The results support the hypothesis that feeding avidin or streptavidin to insects causes a biotin deficiency which in turn leads to stunted growth and mortality. Avidin and streptavidin are insect growth inhibiting proteins whose genes potentially could be manipulated into plants and provide host plant resistance to insect pests. C1 USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,DIV PLANT BREEDING,DEPT BIOTECHNOL,JOHNSTON,IA 50131. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 69 IS 2 BP 97 EP 108 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MF484 UT WOS:A1993MF48400001 ER PT J AU PFEIL, RM MUMMA, RO AF PFEIL, RM MUMMA, RO TI BIOASSAY FOR EVALUATING ATTRACTION OF THE PHORID FLY, MEGASELIA-HALTERATA TO COMPOST COLONIZED BY THE COMMERCIAL MUSHROOM, AGARICUS-BISPORUS AND TO 1-OCTEN-3-OL AND 3-OCTANONE SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; PHORIDAE; FUNGI; AGARICACEAE; VOLATILE ATTRACTION; SPAWNED COMPOST ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TSETSE FLIES; IDENTIFICATION; GLOSSINIDAE; ACETONE; DIPTERA AB A bioassay chamber was developed to evaluate the attraction of the phorid fly pest, Megaselia halterata (Wood) (Diptera, Phoridae), to volatiles from mushroom compost colonized by the commercial mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Fungi, Agaricaceae) and to its volatile constituents, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone. The bioassay chamber consisted of a large round container which was attached, via glass tubes, to three removable sample cups situated below the container. Once a fly had entered a sample cup, the flatly cut glass tubes prevented the flies from readily returning to the release chamber and, in effect, was a pit fall trap which kept the flies in the cups until the flies were counted. Holes in the bottom of the cups and removal of 20 ml of air from the chamber to fill the entrance tubes with volatiles from the cups were necessary for the success of the bioassay. Mated and unmated female M. halterata and, to a lesser extent, mated males preferred spawned compost (compost well colonized by fungal mycelia) relative to unspawned compost or blank cups. Unmated males were not attracted to spawned compost. Males and females were not attracted to unspawned compost. No attraction of male or female M. halterata to the spawned compost volatiles, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone, could be demonstrated under various experimental conditions. These two compounds seemed to deter females at high concentrations. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,GRAD CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP PFEIL, RM (reprint author), USDA,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 69 IS 2 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MF484 UT WOS:A1993MF48400004 ER PT J AU LILIEHOLM, RJ KESSLER, WB MERRILL, K AF LILIEHOLM, RJ KESSLER, WB MERRILL, K TI STAND DENSITY INDEX APPLIED TO TIMBER AND GOSHAWK HABITAT OBJECTIVES IN DOUGLAS-FIR SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GOSHAWK; ACCIPITER-GENTILIS; DOUGLAS-FIR; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; MULTI-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; REINEKES STAND DENSITY INDEX; THINNING; TIMBER MANAGEMENT; WILDLIFE ID MANAGEMENT AB Silvicultural guidelines are presented for the management of intermountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands for sawtimber production and goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) nesting habitat in the northern Rocky Mountains. Data from 14 goshawk nest stands in Douglas-fir forests on the Targhee National Forest in Idaho (Patla 1991) were used to characterize the range of stand conditions considered suitable for goshawk nesting. A density management regime is presented using Reineke's stand density index that includes a technical rotation designed to produce sawlogs with a single commercial thinning. On average timber-growing sites, stands reach goshawk habitat suitability when site height is 25 m at age 75 and provide 65 years of goshawk nesting habitat until the final harvest at age 140. Approximately 1320 m3/ha are harvested over the rotation. On higher-quality sites, rotation length declines from 140 to 85 years, of which roughly 35 years are suitable for goshawk nesting. C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. US FOREST SERV,COVELO,CA 95428. RP LILIEHOLM, RJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. OI Lilieholm, Robert J./0000-0002-5993-8189 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 17 IS 6 BP 773 EP 779 DI 10.1007/BF02393898 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MA405 UT WOS:A1993MA40500007 ER PT J AU LAMAR, RT EVANS, JW GLASER, JA AF LAMAR, RT EVANS, JW GLASER, JA TI SOLID-PHASE TREATMENT OF A PENTACHLOROPHENOL-CONTAMINATED SOIL USING LIGNIN-DEGRADING FUNGI SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; DEGRADATION; DEPLETION AB The abilities of three lignin-degrading fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phanerochaete sordida, and Trametes hirsuta, to deplete pentachlorophenol (PCP) from soil contaminated with PCP and creosote were evaluated. A total of seven fungal and three control treatments were examined for their effect on the soil PCP concentration over eight weeks in two complementary field treatability studies at the Brookhaven Wood Preserving Facility in Brookhaven, MS. The fungi were applied to the soil as pure or mixed cultures at several different inoculum loading levels (inoculum:soil, w/w, dry). Inoculation of soil that contained 672 mug g-1 PCP and 4017 mug g-1 total measured polynuclear aromatic components of creosote with P. sordida at 10% resulted in the greatest decrease in PCP concentration (89%). PCP decreases by P. chrysosporium (67%-72%) or T. hirsuta (55%) at the same inoculum loading level were less extensive. The results of this study demonstrate that with further development, bioaugmentation using lignin-degrading fungi has the potential to be a viable treatment option for the remediation of PCP-contaminated soils. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP LAMAR, RT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 13 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2566 EP 2571 DI 10.1021/es00048a039 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME578 UT WOS:A1993ME57800053 ER PT J AU DAVIS, MW GLASER, JA EVANS, JW LAMAR, RT AF DAVIS, MW GLASER, JA EVANS, JW LAMAR, RT TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF THE LIGNIN-DEGRADING FUNGUS PHANEROCHAETE-SORDIDA TO TREAT CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SOIL SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WHITE ROT FUNGUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; CHRYSOSPORIUM; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; FATE; BIODEGRADATION; VOLATILIZATION; BIOREMEDIATION; DEPLETION AB A field study to determine the ability of selected lignin-degrading fungi to remediate soil contaminated with creosote was performed at a wood-treating facility in south central Mississippi in the autumn of 1991. The effects of solid-phase bioremediation with Phanerochaete sordida and of two control treatments on soil concentrations of 14 priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) components of creosote were followed for 56 days. PAH analytes containing greater-than-or-equal-to 5 rings persisted at their original concentrations in all treatments. However, depletion of 3-ring (85-95%) and 4-ring (24-72%) analytes after 56 days was greater in the fungal treatment than in control treatments in all cases. This finding demonstrates the potential of lignin-degrading fungi in the solid-phase bioremediation of creosote-contaminated soils. However, the persistence of the larger analytes represents a significant challenge to this developing technology. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 28 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2572 EP 2576 DI 10.1021/es00048a040 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME578 UT WOS:A1993ME57800054 ER PT J AU BARRY, JW SKYLER, PJ TESKE, ME RAFFERTY, JA GRIM, BS AF BARRY, JW SKYLER, PJ TESKE, ME RAFFERTY, JA GRIM, BS TI PREDICTING AND MEASURING DRIFT OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SPRAYS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; FOREST SPRAYING; MODELS; SPRAY DRIFT ID MODEL AB Drift of the pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Bt) was measured down-wind from a gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) treatment block in mountain terrain. The study was conducted in conjunction with a project to eradicate the moth along the Wasatch mountain range of Utah. Objectives of the study were to quantitate drift, to evaluate drift sampling methods, and to compare FSCBG (Forest Service Cramer-Barry-Grim) computer model predictions to field measurements of Bt based on colony-forming units. The treatment block was sprayed by helicopter three times, within a 12-d period during June 1991, which provided a study of three replicates. During each spray, downslope drainage winds carried the spray over an array of samplers that extended 3,150 m downwind. The FSCBG dispersion model, exercised after the treatments, used meteorological inputs measured during the treatments to predict spray deposition and airborne dosage of Bt. Results of the study demonstrated a correlation among dosage, deposition and total flux samplers; a potential of Bt drift of at least 3,150 m; and FSCBG model predictions that generally followed the field recovery data. C1 CONTINUUM DYNAM INC,PRINCETON,NJ. USA,DUGWAY PROVING GROUND,UT. RP BARRY, JW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,2121C 2ND ST,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1977 EP 1989 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1977:PAMDOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MB288 UT WOS:A1993MB28800004 ER PT J AU BETT, KL AF BETT, KL TI MEASURING SENSORY PROPERTIES OF MEAT IN THE LABORATORY SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WARMED-OVER FLAVOR; TEXTURE PROFILES; ROASTS; MUSCLE; ODOR; ACID RP BETT, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 47 IS 11 BP 121 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MG821 UT WOS:A1993MG82100018 ER PT J AU BENTZ, BJ AMMAN, GD LOGAN, JA AF BENTZ, BJ AMMAN, GD LOGAN, JA TI A CRITICAL-ASSESSMENT OF RISK CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR THE MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LODGEPOLE PINE; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; OUTBREAKS; STANDS; MODEL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFESTATION; MORTALITY AB Hazard/risk systems developed for mountain pine beetle management traditionally have attempted to describe the potential for timber loss in pine stands due to outbreak phase populations. A variety of stand and site characteristics, as well as climatic conditions, have been used. In this study, four hazard/risk systems were evaluated using data from 105 stands in northern Montana None of the systems evaluated were found to predict adequately mountain pine beetle induced mortality which occurred in the test stands. Possible reasons for the lack of predictive ability of these systems include: (1) confusion in terminology used in hazard/risk rating for mountain pine beetle; (2) lack of consideration of the mountain pine beetle population phase (e.g. endemic or epidemic) during rating system development; (3) the need to include more information concerning mountain pine beetle population dynamics; (4) the need for inclusion of the spatial nature of both beetle populations and stand conditions. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP BENTZ, BJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,860 NORTH 1200 EAST,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 61 IS 3-4 BP 349 EP 366 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90211-5 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MK842 UT WOS:A1993MK84200010 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, KA GREEN, DW DWYER, J WHIPPLE, JW AF MCDONALD, KA GREEN, DW DWYER, J WHIPPLE, JW TI RED MAPLE STRESS-GRADED 2 BY 4 DIMENSION LUMBER FROM FACTORY-GRADE LOGS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Conversion of red maple logs into profitable products, including structural dimension lumber, depends on knowledge about the expected yield from different qualities of logs. Results of this study reveal a high yield of nominal 2- by 4-inch (standard 38- by 89-mm) lumber that meets or exceeds the light-frame grade criteria from USDA Forest Service factory-grade F1 red maple logs. Less than half the volume of low quality red maple logs, USDA Forest Service factory grades F2 and F3, was graded structural lumber. The under-utilized red maple timber resource could supply a structural lumber product demand for residential housing markets and nonresidential construction such as timber bridges. However, improved methods are needed to sort logs into quality classes to be used in production of structural lumber. C1 VERMONT FORESTS & PARKS,WATERBURY,VT 05661. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,TOMAHAWK,WI 54487. RP MCDONALD, KA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 43 IS 11-12 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MM676 UT WOS:A1993MM67600002 ER PT J AU SCHMOLDT, DL MCLEOD, JA ARAMAN, PA AF SCHMOLDT, DL MCLEOD, JA ARAMAN, PA TI ECONOMICS OF GRADING AND SORTING PALLET PARTS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Before trying to develop an automated inspection system for pallet part grading we analyzed the economics of such a system. Our results suggest that higher quality pallets produced by grading and sorting pallet parts would be attractive to both manufacturers and their customers, who would have to pay increased prices for higher quality pallets. Reductions in cost-per-trip for the pallet purchaser should permit pallet manufacturers to recoup investments for pallet part sorting. The utility of higher quality pallets should be economically attractive to pallet purchasers even for pallets with much higher prices than those currently used. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP SCHMOLDT, DL (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,SE FOREST EXPT STN,US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 43 IS 11-12 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MM676 UT WOS:A1993MM67600003 ER PT J AU SCHEFFER, TC MOSES, CS AF SCHEFFER, TC MOSES, CS TI SURVEY OF MOISTURE-CONTENT IN HOUSES FOR EVIDENCE OF DECAY SUSCEPTIBILITY SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The decay hazard to components of frame houses was assessed by determining moisture contents of the wood with a resistance-type meter. The observations involved 1,000 houses in 7 different climate areas. The hazard was indicated to be generally small and usually manageable by simple precautionary measures. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP SCHEFFER, TC (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 43 IS 11-12 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MM676 UT WOS:A1993MM67600006 ER PT J AU BAUMGRAS, JE HASSLER, CC LEDOUX, CB AF BAUMGRAS, JE HASSLER, CC LEDOUX, CB TI ESTIMATING AND VALIDATING HARVESTING SYSTEM PRODUCTION THROUGH COMPUTER-SIMULATION SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A Ground Based Harvesting System Simulation model (GB-SIM) has been developed to estimate stump-to-truck production rates and multiproduct yields for conventional ground-based timber harvesting systems in Appalachian hardwood stands. Simulation results reflect inputs that define harvest site and timber stand attributes, wood utilization options, and key attributes of the harvesting operation. Statistical validation of GB-SIM was conducted with harvesting production data collected from 16 harvest units and 2 logging operations, including partial cuts and clear-cuts in Appalachian hardwood stands. The mean error in estimated production rates was 14.1 ft. 3/hour, or 2.6 percent of the observed rates. For 10 of the 16 units, this error was less than 10 percent of the observed production rate. Nonparametric tests conducted with five replications of each simulated harvest did not find a statistically significant difference between the distributions of actual and simulated production rates. These validation results indicate that GB-SIM can be used to estimate harvesting system production rates and product yields; information required to conduct economic analysis of wood utilization and forest management alternatives. Simulation results are also presented that contrast two different logging crews and compare production rates from eight unique wood utilization options. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,APPALACHIAN HARDWOOD CTR,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP BAUMGRAS, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 43 IS 11-12 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MM676 UT WOS:A1993MM67600009 ER PT J AU ROESCH, FA AF ROESCH, FA TI ADAPTIVE CLUSTER SAMPLING FOR FOREST INVENTORIES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FOREST HEALTH; BIODIVERSITY; SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING ID RARE POPULATIONS AB Adaptive cluster sampling is shown to be a viable alternative for sampling forests when there are rare characteristics of the forest trees which are of interest and occur on clustered trees. The ideas of recent work in Thompson (1990) have been extended to the case in which the initial sample is selected with unequal probabilities. An example is given in which the initial sample of trees is selected with probability proportional to tree basal area. If a characteristic of interest is observed on a sample tree, additional trees within a fixed distance of the sample tree are also included in the sample. RP ROESCH, FA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,ROOM T-10210,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 13 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 655 EP 669 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MG169 UT WOS:A1993MG16900003 ER PT J AU PARRESOL, BR AF PARRESOL, BR TI MODELING MULTIPLICATIVE ERROR VARIANCE - AN EXAMPLE PREDICTING TREE DIAMETER FROM STUMP DIMENSIONS IN BALDCYPRESS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HETEROSCEDASTICITY; CONSISTENCY; ESTIMATED GENERALIZED LEAST SQUARES; PREDICTION CONFIDENCE INTERVALS ID REGRESSION AB In the context of forest modeling, it is often reasonable to assume a multiplicative heteroscedastic error structure to the data. Under such circumstances ordinary least squares no longer provides minimum variance estimates of the model parameters. Through study of the error structure, a suitable error variance model can be specified and its parameters estimated. This error model is used to construct a covariance matrix which in tum is used to form an estimated generalized least squares estimator of the forest model parameters. The theory is illustrated with data on baldcypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Rich.). A multiple linear regression equation is developed for predicting diameter at 3 m from solid-wood stump diameter (i.e., diameter inside the fluting) and stump height. By modeling the error structure, standard errors on three of the four coefficients from the tree diameter-stump dimensions regression were reduced by 13 to 50%. The effect on prediction confidence intervals is graphically illustrated. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP PARRESOL, BR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 670 EP 679 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MG169 UT WOS:A1993MG16900004 ER PT J AU STAGE, AR WYKOFF, WR AF STAGE, AR WYKOFF, WR TI CALIBRATING A MODEL OF STOCHASTIC EFFECTS ON DIAMETER INCREMENT FOR INDIVIDUAL-TREE SIMULATIONS OF STAND DYNAMICS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TIME SERIES; SERIAL CORRELATION; AUTOREGRESSION; INCREMENT MEASUREMENT VARIATION AB Stand dynamics is the expression of variation in tree and site attributes within the stand operating through the physiologic processes of establishment, accretion, and mortality. Because stand dynamics is the consequence of deviation-amplifying processes, models of stand dynamics should include both variation in processes attributable to known causes as well as to causes that can only be included by stochastic representation of the unexplainable residuum. When the magnitude and serial correlation of unexplained sources of variation in diameter increment are modeled by addition of a random variable, simulated development of both stand volume and spread of diameters are affected. In this report, we develop a model of the tree-to-tree component of unexplained variation that affects stand dynamics. This model is intended for use in individual-tree models of stand development in which time advances in intervals of unequal length. Our model combines results from published time-series analyses with original analyses of residuals from increment models and of measurement variation for diameter increment within individual trees. This eclectic approach is required because extensive data sets do not exist that include adequate samples of the factors known to affect increment and also include information required to model the error structure as well. RP STAGE, AR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 692 EP 705 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MG169 UT WOS:A1993MG16900006 ER PT J AU SCHMIDTLING, RC FROELICH, RC AF SCHMIDTLING, RC FROELICH, RC TI 37 YEAR PERFORMANCE OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SEED SOURCES IN EASTERN MARYLAND SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PINUS-TAEDA; -3/2 POWER LAW; SELF-THINNING; PROVENANCE; GROWTH AND YIELD AB Nine loblolly pine seed sources from The Southwide Southern Pine Seed Source Study were planted on the eastern shore of Maryland. After 20 yr, the local Maryland source had the highest yield, and the southernmost source, from Livingston Parish, LA, the lowest yield. At age 37, the Texas and Arkansas sources had the highest volumes and Maryland and Livingston Parish the lowest. The Maryland source had good height, but above-average mortality and small diameters. Texas and Arkansas sources, originating from areas where droughts are common, were below average in height at age 37, but yield was best because of better survival. These sources appear to be more tolerant of competition and less damaged by beetles after prolonged drought. Better regulation of stand density was needed to optimize yields of all seed sources. RP SCHMIDTLING, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 706 EP 721 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MG169 UT WOS:A1993MG16900007 ER PT J AU STCLAIR, JB AF STCLAIR, JB TI FAMILY DIFFERENCES IN EQUATIONS FOR PREDICTING BIOMASS AND LEAF-AREA IN DOUGLAS-FIR (PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII VAR MENZIESII) SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PLANT BIOMASS; LEAF AREA; PARTITIONING; ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS; GENETIC VARIATION ID SAPWOOD BASAL AREA; LODGEPOLE PINE; STAND DENSITY; ALLOMETRIC RELATIONS; FOLIAGE AREA; SCOTS PINE; GROWTH; TREES; MODEL; INDEX AB Logarithmic regression equations were developed to predict component biomass and leaf area for an 18-yr-old genetic test of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var. menziesii) based on stem diameter or cross-sectional sapwood area. Equations did not differ among open-pollinated families in slope, but intercepts assuming equal slopes did differ for equations predicting leaf, branch, or bark biomass, or leaf area. These results may be explained by family differences in partitioning between stemwood and bark and between stem and crown. Predictions of biomass and leaf area based on equations developed in this study differed from predictions based on equations from other studies by as much as a factor of two, suggesting that discretion is needed when applying equations to other sites at other stages of stand development and with other ranges of tree sizes. RP STCLAIR, JB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 743 EP 755 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MG169 UT WOS:A1993MG16900009 ER PT J AU MOEUR, M AF MOEUR, M TI CHARACTERIZING SPATIAL PATTERNS OF TREES USING STEM-MAPPED DATA SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NEAREST NEIGHBOR ANALYSIS; RIPLEY K(D) ANALYSIS; MONTE-CARLO CONFIDENCE ENVELOPES; OLD GROWTH ID FOREST SUCCESSION; INDIVIDUAL TREE; POINT PATTERNS; GROWTH-MODELS; SIMULATION; PINE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COMPETITION; DIAMETER; STANDS AB Procedures for stem-mapping trees on fixed area plots are described. Two statistical procedures for analyzing spatial patterns of the completely mapped tree data are presented. These procedures, known as nearest neighbor analysis arid Ripley's K(d) function, consider the cumulative distributions of distances between trees, compared to a distance distribution for a point pattern generated by a random process. Nearest neighbor uses tree-to-nearest-tree distances, and Ripley's K(d) considers distances between all pairs of trees. Both procedures include edge correction schemes for trees near plot boundaries. The two analyses were applied to stem-mapped data from several old-growth study plots to investigate spatial interactions within and between groups of canopy trees. Patterns for trees in different mortality, size, and competitive classes were analyzed separately. Results showed that between-tree competitive interactions drive forest patterns from clustering toward regularity. There was also evidence that canopy gaps are an important mechanism in the regeneration process. The examples illustrate how spatial pattern analysis can be useful in describing and interpreting complicated development processes that result from competitive interactions between individual trees. RP MOEUR, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 42 TC 189 Z9 252 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 756 EP 775 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MG169 UT WOS:A1993MG16900010 ER PT J AU SHIFLEY, SR EK, AR BURK, TE AF SHIFLEY, SR EK, AR BURK, TE TI A GENERALIZED METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING FOREST INGROWTH AT MULTIPLE THRESHOLD DIAMETERS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GROWTH; YIELD; SIMULATION; CENTRAL HARDWOODS ID STAND AB Ingrowth is defined as the number or volume of trees that periodically grow into the smallest measured size class of a forest stand. We present a model to predict the number of ingrowth trees at a variable threshold diameter for 6 forest vegetation types common to the central United States. The model is based on observations on 2,373 remeasured inventory plots from 8 sources in Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. The number of ingrowth trees decreases significantly with increasing threshold diameter. The concept of crown competition factor was used to set a biologically realistic upper limit on the number of ingrowth trees for any given threshold diameter. Number of ingrowth trees . acre-1 decade-1 was predicted as a function of the maximum possible number of ingrowth trees and the threshold diameter. Fitted models were highly significant for all forest types, and the general shape of the response surface was biologically realistic. Precision of the estimates was low because ingrowth is a highly variable process. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SHIFLEY, SR (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1-26 AGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 776 EP 798 PG 23 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MG169 UT WOS:A1993MG16900011 ER PT J AU WEAR, DN LEE, KJ AF WEAR, DN LEE, KJ TI UNITED-STATES-POLICY AND CANADIAN LUMBER - EFFECTS OF THE 1986 MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WELFARE ECONOMICS; LUMBER TRADE ID SOFTWOOD LUMBER; TRADE; MARKETS AB A 1986 Memorandum of Understanding on softwood lumber imports (MOU) between Canada and the United States required that provincial governments levy export taxes on softwood lumber shipped to the United States. This agreement, with subsequent amendments, influenced trade from 1987 until it was abandoned by Canada in October of 1991. This paper investigates the market impact of the MOU, first by estimating an aggregate impact model of the Canadian share of the U.S. softwood lumber market and then by examining the implied price, quantity, and welfare effects. While the study shows the anticipated gains to U.S. producers of softwood lumber and losses to Canadian producers, U.S. consumer and efficiency costs were high, and the net of Canadian profit loss and export tax revenue was strongly positive. In addition, the net impact on market share appears to have persisted through 1990, in spite of considerable change in the policy's structure. These and other results should provide information for ongoing policy debate. RP WEAR, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC, USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 799 EP 815 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MG169 UT WOS:A1993MG16900012 ER PT J AU HOF, JG JOYCE, LA AF HOF, JG JOYCE, LA TI A MIXED-INTEGER LINEAR-PROGRAMMING APPROACH FOR SPATIALLY OPTIMIZING WILDLIFE AND TIMBER IN MANAGED FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT CONNECTIVITY; EDGE EFFECTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; PROBABILISTIC OPTIMIZATION ID HABITAT AB This paper presents mixed integer linear programming formulations for land allocation that optimize spatial layout for a single time period and that have the property that the number of integer variables is a linear function of the level of spatial resolution. The formulations focus on timber, edge-dependent wildlife, and area-dependent wildlife. They account for the amount of edge, the fragmentation of habitat area, and a habitat area threshold for minimum viable population size. Habitat area connectivity is modeled as a probabilistic condition. A case example demonstrates the approaches and includes landscape characteristics such as terrain, hiking trails, campgrounds, and rivers, which result in different productivities over the landscape and obstacles to wildlife habitat area connectivity. RP HOF, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 9 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 816 EP 834 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MG169 UT WOS:A1993MG16900013 ER PT J AU TAKAHASHI, T DAHLGREN, R VANSUSTEREN, P AF TAKAHASHI, T DAHLGREN, R VANSUSTEREN, P TI CLAY MINERALOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF SOILS FORMED IN VOLCANIC MATERIALS IN THE XERIC MOISTURE REGIME OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article ID WEATHERING SEQUENCE; NORTHEASTERN JAPAN; NEW-ZEALAND; ASH; ALLOPHANE; HALLOYSITE; STABILITY; ANDOSOLS AB The clay mineralogy and chemistry were determined for five pedons derived from tephra and volcaniclastic materials in northern California. These soils are believed to have formed under vegetation and climatic conditions similar to those at present; coniferous vegetation and a xeric soil moisture regime with approximately 1000 mm of annual precipitation. The five pedons showed a surface enrichment of organic carbon (3.6-6.7%), an acidic to neutral pH (5.3-6.9), and a generally low babe saturation (10-40%). The high concentrations of free iron oxides (2-10% Fe) and clay (20-50%) indicate a relatively high degree of weathering. Clay mineralogy was dominated by imogolite and/or halloysite with lesser amounts of gibbsite and Al-humus complexes. Concentrations of Si in solutions equilibrated with the soils ranged between 10(-3.85) and 10(-3.45) M. Solubility calculations and data from the literature indicate that imogolite or Al-rich allophane should be preferentially formed at these Si concentrations. However, there was no relationship between the Si concentration and the predominance of imogolite versus halloysite. The coexistence of gibbsite, imogolite, and halloysite may be due to their differential formation as the soil solution Si concentrations fluctuate between the intense winter-spring leaching period and the pronounced summer period of desiccation and/or to the transformation of amorphous products to more crystalline minerals upon desiccation. In addition, the summer desiccation has led to the dehydration of halloysite in the surface horizon while halloysite in the lower horizons remains hydrated. Classification of the pedons according to Soil Taxonomy indicates an Andisol-Inceptisol-Alfisol transition that results from the transformation of active forms of Al and Fe, such as imogolite and ferrihydrite, to more highly crystalline phases. The two pedons dominated by imogolite were classified as Andisols, while the remaining three pedons were dominated by halloysite and did not meet andic soil property criteria because of a deficiency of active Al and Fe. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616. US FOREST SERV,SHASTA TRINITY NATL FOREST,MCCLOUD,CA 96057. RP TAKAHASHI, T (reprint author), AKITA PREFECTURAL COLL AGR,AKITA 01004,JAPAN. NR 39 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 1993 VL 59 IS 1-4 BP 131 EP 150 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(93)90066-T PG 20 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MT864 UT WOS:A1993MT86400008 ER PT J AU GALLETTA, GJ AF GALLETTA, GJ TI DARROW,GEORGE,MCMILLAN (1889-1983) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Item About an Individual RP GALLETTA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1993 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1080 EP 1080 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP413 UT WOS:A1993MP41300005 ER PT J AU POOLER, MR SIMON, PW AF POOLER, MR SIMON, PW TI GARLIC FLOWERING IN RESPONSE TO CLONE, PHOTOPERIOD, GROWTH TEMPERATURE, AND COLD-STORAGE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALLIUM-SATIVUM AB The effects of cold storage, photoperiod, and growth temperature on flowering incidence in four clones of garlic (Allium sativum L.) were studied. While flowering percentage was influenced most by clone, interactions with photoperiod, growth temperature, and storage occurred. Clone R81 flowered equally well in all conditions, whereas flowering percentage of clones D129, D130, and PI485592 was reduced by cold (4C) storage of either bulbs or plants, long (16-h) photoperiod, and at 18C relative to 10C. The highest flowering percentage in all garlic clones was achieved by growing plants at 10C under short (9- to 10-h) photoperiod with no cold storage of bulbs before planting. C1 USDA ARS,UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1993 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1085 EP 1086 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP413 UT WOS:A1993MP41300007 ER PT J AU OLIEN, WC HEGWOOD, CP SPIERS, JM AF OLIEN, WC HEGWOOD, CP SPIERS, JM TI PLANTING METHODS AFFECT EARLY GROWTH AND ROOT DISTRIBUTION OF MUSCADINE VINES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VITIS-ROTUNDIFOLIA; GRAPE; ROOT PRUNING; FINE SANDY LOAM; SILT LOAM; PEAT AMENDMENT; PLANTING HOLE AB Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) vineyards can be difficult to establish due to poor vine growth or survival during the first year after planting. Effects of the planting hole (five types), root manipulation (three levels), and peat amendment (0% and 50%) on first-year growth were studied at two sites with different soil types: a sandy loam (well-drained) and a silty loam (moderately well-drained). The planting hole had the major effect at both sites; large holes (25 liters) shoveled with straight or angled sides resulted in more shoot and root dry weight and greater total root length than auger holes (21 liters) or small shovel holes (10 liters). Vine response to planting in a subsoil slot 0.5 m deep x 6 m long was similar to that in large holes in sandy soil and small holes in heavier soil. Root manipulation treatments had little effect on vine establishment. Root pruning at planting, with or without root separation, did not increase vine dry weight relative to an undisturbed root ball in either soil type, but total root length was increased by root pruning in the heavier silty loam soil. Peat amendment increased total root length in the sandy soil but not in the silty loam soil. C1 USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1993 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1089 EP 1091 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP413 UT WOS:A1993MP41300009 ER PT J AU SUN, JB SEVERSON, RF KAYS, SJ AF SUN, JB SEVERSON, RF KAYS, SJ TI QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF BAKED SWEET-POTATOES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC RESOURCES; FLAVOR; ODOR; IPOMOEA-BATATAS ID SWEET-POTATOES; CONSTITUENTS; SUGARS; AROMA AB We describe a relatively simple collection procedure for quantifying volatiles in baked sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Volatiles formed during baking 'Jewel' and 'Centennial' sweetpotatoes at 204C were purged from a baking vessel with He or a HeO2 mixture, collected in cold methylene chloride, and reduced in volume using a Kuderna-Danish concentrator. Volatile components were quantified by capillary gas chromatography and characterized using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometer analysis. Quantitatively, the major components were identified as 2-furaldehyde; 2-furanmethanol; benzaldehyde; 5-methyl-2-furfural; phenylacetaldehyde; 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one; 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one; and 5-hydroxy-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde. Some quantitatively minor compounds were also identified. The volatile collection system is reproducible for quantitative comparisons among breeding lines. C1 USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30612. RP SUN, JB (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1993 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1110 EP 1113 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP413 UT WOS:A1993MP41300017 ER PT J AU YELENOSKY, G HUTCHISON, D BARRETT, H AF YELENOSKY, G HUTCHISON, D BARRETT, H TI FREEZING RESISTANCE OF PROGENY FROM OPEN-POLLINATED POMELO X TRIFOLIATE ORANGE CITRUS HYBRIDS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS GERMPLASM; COLD ACCLIMATION; CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT; LEAF MORPHOLOGY AB Ten-month-old seedlings, grown from seed extracted from 22 individual pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] x trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] citrus hybrid trees that survived -15C freezes near Monticello, Fla., were cold-acclimated in controlled-environment rooms and freeze-tested at -6.7C for 4 h. Freeze damage to open-pollinated progeny was ranked by the number of uninjured seedlings and percentage of leaves killed and wood dieback. Morphological segregation was not associated with differences in freeze survival, and the dominant trifoliate gene was readily evident. Progeny from one tree, identified as 98-71, are considered the most likely candidates for further study in developing cold-hardy citrus trees. RP YELENOSKY, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1993 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1120 EP 1121 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP413 UT WOS:A1993MP41300020 ER PT J AU RUSSO, VM AF RUSSO, VM TI SHADING OF TOMATO PLANTS INCONSISTENTLY AFFECTS FRUIT YIELD SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; TEMPERATURE STRESS; SHADE CLOTH; EXTENDING HARVEST ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SET RP RUSSO, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1993 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1133 EP 1133 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP413 UT WOS:A1993MP41300025 ER PT J AU STRAUS, DC JOLLEY, WL PURDY, CW AF STRAUS, DC JOLLEY, WL PURDY, CW TI CHARACTERIZATION OF NEURAMINIDASES PRODUCED BY VARIOUS SEROTYPES OF PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCI; EXTRACELLULAR NEURAMINIDASE AB Neuraminidases produced by 16 strains of Pasteurella haemolytica (serotypes 1 to 16) were characterized by molecular weight, antigenic identity, and substrate specificity. After growth in a chemically defined medium, stage I (lyophilized) culture supernatants were assayed for activity with N-acetylneuramin lactose, human alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, colominic acid, and bovine submaxillary mucin. Neuraminidase produced by P. haemolytica serotype A1 (Ph A1) was purified by a combination of salt fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Purified Ph A1 neuraminidase was used to immunize rabbits, and the resultant antiserum reduced the activity of Ph A1 neuraminidase by 46%. This antiserum also reduced the activity of neuraminidase produced by the other serotypes by between 15 and 66%. Molecular weight estimates of the neuraminidases produced by the various serotypes were obtained by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200. Fifteen of the 16 serotypes examined produced a neuraminidase with a molecular weight of approximately 150,000 to 200,000. One serotype (serotype 11) produced no material with neuraminidase activity. In addition, all 15 high-molecular-weight neuraminidases showed similar substrate specificities. That is, they were all most active against N-acetylneuramin lactose and least active against bovine submaxillary mucin. On the basis of these results, it appears that the high-molecular-weight neuraminidases produced by the different P. haemolytica serotypes are quite similar. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP STRAUS, DC (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79430, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 61 IS 11 BP 4669 EP 4674 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA ME617 UT WOS:A1993ME61700019 PM 8406865 ER PT J AU MERSMANN, HJ SHPARBER, A AF MERSMANN, HJ SHPARBER, A TI IS THE LIPOLYTIC RESPONSE IN PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE SLICES EQUIVALENT TO THE LIPOLYTIC RESPONSE IN ISOLATED ADIPOCYTES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADRENERGIC AGONISTS; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; SWINE ADIPOCYTES; LIPOGENESIS; INVITRO; SIZE AB 1. In most cases, when isolated adipocytes and adipose tissue slices from the same animal were stimulated with various lipolytic agents (adrenergic agonists, theophylline, adenosine deaminase). the qualitative response was similar. 2. There were, however, numerous exceptions; e.g. quinterenol did not affect isolated adipocytes whereas it was a partial agonist for adipose slices from the same animal. 3. The adipocytes present in slices were larger than those isolated from slices by collagenase digestion. 4. Isolated adipocytes were not more sensitive than tissue slices to stimulation by lipolytic agents. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP MERSMANN, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-711X J9 INT J BIOCHEM JI Int. J. Biochem. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1673 EP 1679 DI 10.1016/0020-711X(93)90527-L PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA ME867 UT WOS:A1993ME86700021 PM 7904576 ER PT J AU LEHOTAY, SJ ARGAUER, RJ AF LEHOTAY, SJ ARGAUER, RJ TI DETECTION OF ALDICARB SULFONE AND CARBOFURAN IN FORTIFIED MEAT AND LIVER WITH COMMERCIAL ELISA KITS AFTER RAPID EXTRACTION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; N-METHYLCARBAMATE PESTICIDES; METABOLITES; IMMUNOASSAY; ADVANTAGES AB Rapid methods of extraction were developed to screen for the presence of carbofuran and aldicarb sulfone in meat and liver using commercial ELISA kits for analysis. The general extraction procedure consisted of blending the ground meat or liver with water or acetonitrile, filtering or centrifuging the extract, and then performing ELISA with commercially available kits. This procedure helped determine the insecticides fortified at concentrations near or below the regulatory tolerance levels for carbofuran and aldicarb in these matrices. Assays for aldicarb sulfone were also carried out directly in bovine milk, blood, and urine. The extraction procedure was also applied to the Enzytec biosensor ticket that is based on cholinesterase inhibition. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2006 EP 2010 DI 10.1021/jf00035a037 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MH755 UT WOS:A1993MH75500037 ER PT J AU ELISSALDE, MH BEIER, RC ROWE, LD STANKER, LH AF ELISSALDE, MH BEIER, RC ROWE, LD STANKER, LH TI DEVELOPMENT OF A MONOCLONAL-BASED ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR THE COCCIDIOSTAT SALINOMYCIN SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; POST-COLUMN DERIVATIZATION; MONENSIN; NARASIN; FEEDS AB The polyether ionophoric coccidiostats are an important class of antimicrobials because of their extensive global use in modern agriculture. Salinomycin, the most widely used ionophoric anticoccidial in the U.S. broiler industry, has been marketed in all of the poultry-producing countries of the world. Established methods of analysis of salinomycin have disadvantages limiting their utility. We report here the development of 16 monoclonal anti-salinomycin antibodies. These monoclonal antibodies were used in competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to differentially recognize salinomycin and the structurally similar narasin in the 10 ppb range. A preliminary immunoassay method has been developed, using one anti-salinomycin monoclonal antibody (SAL05), for quantization of salinomycin in poultry liver. The immunoassay gives a linear response with a good correlation between the spiked and observed values. RP ELISSALDE, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77850, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2167 EP 2171 DI 10.1021/jf00035a066 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MH755 UT WOS:A1993MH75500066 ER PT J AU FARRELL, PB FOOTE, RH SIMKIN, ME CLEGG, ED WALL, RJ AF FARRELL, PB FOOTE, RH SIMKIN, ME CLEGG, ED WALL, RJ TI RELATIONSHIP OF SEMEN QUALITY, NUMBER OF SPERM INSEMINATED, AND FERTILITY IN RABBITS SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE RABBIT; SEMEN QUALITY; FERTILITY; SPERM NUMBER; CASA ID BULL SEMEN; SPERMATOZOA; MOTION; MOTILITY; INSTRUMENTS; FRESH AB The relationship between the total number of sperm inseminated, semen quality, and fertility in rabbits was investigated, using fractionated or unfractionated semen and different diluting fluids. Semen was from Dutch-belted males collected twice weekly with an artificial vagina. All does were superovulated except in Experiment 3. In Experiment 1, sperm were fractionated on discontinuous 4% and 10% bovine serum albumin columns. Sperm from each portion of the gradient, along with unfractionated controls, were diluted to give 0.25x10(6), 0.5x10(6), 1.0x10(5), and 2.0x10(6) total sperm per insemination. In Experiment 2, sperm were diluted with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline to provide 0.10x10(6), 0.50x10(6), and 1.0x10(6) total sperm per insemination, with minimal processing time. In Experiment 3, does were allowed to kindle after inseminating 0.1x10(6) or 1.0X10(6) sperm. In Experiment 4, sperm were diluted with TALP buffer: seminal plasma 1:1 to 0.025x10(6), 0.05x10(6), and 0.10x10(6) total sperm per insemination. Over 2,800 embryos or unfertilized oocytes were obtained either 24 or 48 hours after insemination to measure fertility. Sperm numbers required for normal fertility were 0.50x10(6) in Experiment 1 and only 0.05x10(6) in Experiment 4. This reduction presumably was due primarily to reduced processing time and diluent change. Litter size was normal with 0.1x10(6) sperm (Experiment 3). In Experiment 4, computer-assisted sperm analysis (HTM 2030 system; Beverly, Massachusetts) was adapted to successfully screen out some of the ''interfering'' granules in rabbit semen. The correlation between multiple characteristics of semen quality and fertility was 0.53 (P<0.01). This correlation likely will be increased with refinements in instrumentation and reduced sperm numbers per insemination. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD. US EPA,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP RD689,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 47 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 14 IS 6 BP 464 EP 471 PG 8 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MN138 UT WOS:A1993MN13800010 PM 8294231 ER PT J AU GALLIVAN, C KEMP, RA BERGER, YM YOUNG, LD AF GALLIVAN, C KEMP, RA BERGER, YM YOUNG, LD TI COMPARISON OF FINNISH LANDRACE AND ROMANOV AS PROLIFIC BREEDS IN A TERMINAL-SIRE CROSSBREEDING SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; FINNISH LANDRACE; ROMANOV; GROWTH TRAITS; CARCASS TRAITS; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS ID EWE LAMBS AB Targhee ewes lambing to Romanov vs Finnish Landrace rams gave birth to .22 more lambs (P = .02) and had .15 more lambs alive at weaning (P = .11) but did not rear more lambs. Finnish Landrace x Targhee (FT) and Romanov x Targhee (RT) lambs were similar for preweaning survival and for all growth and carcass traits studied. Romanov x Targhee ewes were 14.2 +/- 6.2 d younger (P = .02) at their first estrus and 12.1 +/- 2.8 d younger (P < .01) at their first lambing than FT ewes. The ovulation rate of RT ewes exceeded that of FT ewes by.35 (P < .01). Romanov x Targhee ewes gave birth to .42 more (P < .01) lambs per ewe lambing, had .39 more (P < .01) lambs alive at weaning per ewe lambing, and reared . 15 more (P = .03) lambs per ewe lambing than FT ewes. Embryonic survival, adjusted for ovulation rate, was greater (P < .01) for RT (88.3 +/- 3.3%) than for FT (80.0 +/- 3.7%) ewes. Lamb survival was similar for the two F1 crosses, with or without adjustment for number of lambs born. Overall survival (the proportion of ova that resulted in weaned lambs) was greater (P = .02) for RT ewes (77.6 +/- 4.2%) than for FT ewes (67.5 +/-4.7%), at the same ovulation rate. When ewes were credited with all the lambs they gave birth to, RT ewes produced 4.6 +/- 1.8 kg more (P < .01) weight of lamb at weaning. When ewes were credited only for lambs they reared themselves, RT ewes weaned 3.8 +/-2.0 kg more (P = .06) weight of lamb than FT ewes did. The postweaning survival and ADG of terminal offspring of FT and RT ewes were similar. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,SPOONER AGR RES STN,SPOONER,WI 54801. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP GALLIVAN, C (reprint author), UNIV GUELPH,CTR GENET IMPROVEMENT LIVESTOCK,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2910 EP 2918 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MF837 UT WOS:A1993MF83700010 PM 8270514 ER PT J AU JENKINS, TG LEYMASTER, KA AF JENKINS, TG LEYMASTER, KA TI ESTIMATES OF MATURING RATES AND MASSES AT MATURITY FOR BODY COMPONENTS OF SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GROWTH CURVE; CARCASSES; VISCERA; PROTEIN; WATER; LIPIDS ID GROWTH AB Weight data for fleece-free empty body, carcass and offal components, and their chemical constituents (protein, water, lipid, and ash) were collected via serial slaughter techniques. Rams sired by a sheep breed of high genetic merit for growth were slaughtered from birth through 48 mo of age. Approximately six rams were killed at each of 13 slaughter ages. The data were fit with a nonlinear function Y(t) = A(1 - Be(-kt)) to provide estimates of rates of maturing (k) and weight at maturity (A) for components of interest. Except for the testes, all tissues met the convergence criterion. The proportion of offal components relative to empty BW was greatest at birth and steadily declined after this time. Rates of maturing for visceral organs (except for the heart) and the protein constituent of the offal were of greater magnitude than the carcass and nonprotein constituents of both the offal and carcass. Estimated maturing rate and weight at maturity for lipid of the carcass exceeded corresponding estimates of the offal lipid. Evidence was provided suggesting that the developmental patterns of body components may be established by functional demand. RP JENKINS, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2952 EP 2957 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MF837 UT WOS:A1993MF83700014 PM 8270515 ER PT J AU WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M LANSDELL, JL SIRAGUSA, GR MILLER, MF AF WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M LANSDELL, JL SIRAGUSA, GR MILLER, MF TI EFFECTS OF POSTMORTEM INJECTION TIME, INJECTION LEVEL, AND CONCENTRATION OF CALCIUM-CHLORIDE ON BEEF QUALITY TRAITS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; CALCIUM CHLORIDE; COLOR; STORAGE LIFE; TENDERNESS ID OVINE CARCASSES; TENDERIZATION; TENDERNESS; ACCELERATION; INFUSION; PALATABILITY; LAMB AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the optimum protocol for maximizing meat quality with CaCl2 injection. Experiment 1 compared the effects of 30 min or 24 h postmortem injection of 175 mM CaCl2 or water at 10% (wt/wt) to controls on various measures of meat quality. An injection of CaCl2 reduced (P < .05) shear force values in all three beef muscles evaluated (longissimus, semimembranosus, and triceps brachii). Retail lean color was not affected (P > .05) by a CaCl2 injection at 24 h postmortem, but was slightly darker (P < .05) for an injection at 30 min postmortem. Psychrophilic and total aerobic microbial counts were higher (P < .05) in 30-min than in 24-h treatments and were higher (P < .05) in CaCl2- or water-injected semimembranosus muscle than in the control, but the treatment differences were minimal in 24-h injected meat. Experiment 2 compared the effects of 24-h Postmortem injection of 200 mM or 250 mM CaCl2 at either 5 or 10% (wt/wt) to controls on meat quality traits. Both 200 and 250 mM CaCl2 reduced (P < .05) shear force values compared with the control. In addition, variation in shear force was decreased (P < .05) with CaCl2 injection. Beef flavor intensity was slightly lower (P < .05) and off-flavor ratings were slightly higher (P < .05) in CaCl2-injected meat, but the small differences were of no practical significance. Retail lean color was not affected (P > .05) by injection of the CaCl2 at 24 h. Injecting 200 mM CaCl2 at 5% (wt/wt) into 24 h postmortem meat can produce consistently tender meat without compromising other palatability or lean quality traits. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. RP WHEELER, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 27 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2965 EP 2974 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MF837 UT WOS:A1993MF83700016 PM 8270517 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSON, RK AF CHRISTENSON, RK TI OVULATION RATE AND EMBRYONIC SURVIVAL IN CHINESE MEISHAN AND WHITE CROSSBRED PIGS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE OVULATION RATE; PUBERTY; PARITY; EMBRYO SURVIVAL; CHINESE PIGS ID UTERINE CAPACITY; LITTER SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; GENETIC-IMPLICATIONS; CONCEPTUS GROWTH; SIMULATION-MODEL; GILTS; SWINE; VIABILITY; PUBERTY AB Two component traits of litter size of pigs, ovulation rate and embryonic survival, were examined in Meishan and composite white crossbred gilts and sows. At puberty, an ovulation rate of 12.5 was similar for Meishan (118 +/- 3 d of age) and crossbred gilts (217 +/- 3 d of age). The number of corpora lutea (CL) increased (4.3 CL) markedly (P < .01) from puberty to the sixth estrous period (220 d of age) in Meishan gilts but increased (1.2 CL) slightly from puberty to the fourth estrous period in crossbred gilts. At 220 and 280 d of age, Meishan gilts had a greater (P < .01) number of CL than did crossbred gilts (220 d, 16.7 +/- .5 vs 12.7 +/- .4; 280 d, 16.5 +/- .7 vs 13.9 +/- .6 C L). Ovulation rate was greater ( P < .01) in Meishan than in crossbred sows examined at 417 (18.1 +/- 1.2 vs 15.2 +/- .4 CL), 608 (20.1 +/- 1.3 vs 17.1 +/-.6 CL), and 735 d of age (24.6 +/- .8 vs 16.6 +/- .8 CL). Early embryonic survival was not significantly different in this study for Meishan and crossbred gilts (73 vs 81%, respectively). However, at 30 d of gestation embryo weight and length, placental weight, and allantoic fluid volume were less (P < .01) in Meishan than in crossbred gilts. The effect of small embryo size and reduced placenta weights and allantoic fluid volumes at d 30 of gestation on subsequent fetal survival and development (uterine capacity) is unknown but may be an enhancement to the prolificacy of Meishan pigs. This observation indicates the need for further study of fetal-maternal interactions after d 30 of gestation in both Meishan and European pigs because of potential breed differences in uterine and placental function. RP CHRISTENSON, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 71 IS 11 BP 3060 EP 3066 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MF837 UT WOS:A1993MF83700027 PM 8270528 ER PT J AU STUEDEMANN, JA BREEDLOVE, DL SEMAN, DH AF STUEDEMANN, JA BREEDLOVE, DL SEMAN, DH TI RAISING REPLACEMENT BEEF HEIFERS IN THE SOUTH BIRTH TO PARTURITION - A REVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON RAISING REPLACEMENT STOCK ( DAIRY, SHEEP, BEEF ) IN THE SOUTH-BIRTH TO PARTURITION, AT THE 1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN-SOC-OF-ANIMAL-SCIENCE CY 1992 CL LEXINGTON, KY SP AMER SOC ANIM SCI, SO SECT DE BEEF; REPLACEMENT HEIFERS AB The South of the United States (13 southern states) is ecologically and socioeconomically well suited for reproducing ruminant animals. The South has a broad economic base, its climate is comparatively mild, much of its soil is easily eroded requiring vegetative cover, it receives comparatively abundant rainfall, and a diversity of plant species grow well, enabling a multitude of production and management alternatives. The South currently accounts for 46.3% of the beef cows in the United States. To assess current practices associated with the raising of replacement beef heifers, a questionnaire was sent to 60 extension beef cattle specialists in the 13 southern states. Twenty-four completed questionnaires revealed that much needs to be accomplished to improve replacement heifer production. Particularly deficient areas include lack of a limited breeding season, failure to check for pregnancy, inadequate health management, poor nutrition such that heifers do not calve at 24 mo of age, and often those that calve do not rebreed. These deficiencies result in reduced economic efficiency of replacement heifer development and could result in a significant reduction in profits of an entire beef cow-calf operation. Beef cattle specialists suggested that part of the problem associated with development of replacement heifers is a lack of defined objectives by producers. RP STUEDEMANN, JA (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 71 IS 11 BP 3131 EP 3137 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MF837 UT WOS:A1993MF83700036 PM 8270537 ER PT J AU KOSSAREK, LM GROSSE, WM DIETZ, AB WOMACK, JE MCGRAW, RA AF KOSSAREK, LM GROSSE, WM DIETZ, AB WOMACK, JE MCGRAW, RA TI BOVINE DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT POLYMORPHISM-RM004 SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE BOVINE; OVINE; CAPRINE; DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; PCR; POLYMORPHISM C1 USDA,NADC,AMES,IA 50010. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP KOSSAREK, LM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. RI Dietz, Allan/H-7414-2015 OI Dietz, Allan/0000-0003-3410-9621 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 71 IS 11 BP 3175 EP 3175 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MF837 UT WOS:A1993MF83700044 PM 8270545 ER PT J AU KOSSAREK, LM SU, X GROSSE, WM FINLAY, O BARENDSE, W HETZEL, DJS DIETZ, AB WOMACK, JE MCGRAW, RA AF KOSSAREK, LM SU, X GROSSE, WM FINLAY, O BARENDSE, W HETZEL, DJS DIETZ, AB WOMACK, JE MCGRAW, RA TI BOVINE DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT POLYMORPHISM-RM067 SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE BOVINE; OVINE; DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; PCR; POLYMORPHISM C1 UNIV QUEENSLAND,CSIRO,CTR MOLEC ANIM GENET,ST LUCIA,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. USDA,NADC,AMES,IA 50010. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP KOSSAREK, LM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. RI Barendse, William/D-8608-2011; Dietz, Allan/H-7414-2015 OI Barendse, William/0000-0002-5464-0658; Dietz, Allan/0000-0003-3410-9621 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 71 IS 11 BP 3178 EP 3178 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MF837 UT WOS:A1993MF83700047 PM 8270548 ER PT J AU SMITH, EB BARBANO, DM LYNCH, JM FLEMING, JR AF SMITH, EB BARBANO, DM LYNCH, JM FLEMING, JR TI A QUANTITATIVE LINEARITY EVALUATION METHOD FOR INFRARED MILK ANALYZERS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Nonlinearity in the uncorrected signal for any channel of the infrared milk analyzer can cause decreased accuracy of the final corrected result. A procedure quantifying the amount of residual nonlinearity in the uncorrected signal for each channel was developed for use in the range of milk component concentrations appropriate for producer payment testing. For the fat channels, a homogenized 6% fat milk is diluted with water to obtain a series of solutions from 0 to 6% fat. For the protein and lactose channels, evaporated skim milk is diluted with water to obtain linearity solutions from 2.8 to 3.9% true protein and 4.3 to 6.0% anhydrous lactose. The selection of dilution method (i.e., weight/weight or volume/volume) should be based on how the final calibrated instrument values are to be expressed (i.e., weight/weight or weight/volume). A non-zero forcing linear regression is conducted within a chemical range by using known component concentrations as the dependent variable (Y) and uncorrected infrared signals as the independent variable (X). Residual nonlinearity values are calculated. A channel possesses unacceptable nonlinearity if residual values are greater-than-or-equal-to +/-0.02% at any point within the component range normally encountered in producer payment testing. The linearity status of 18 instruments was determined. C1 USDA,AGR MKT SERV,TEXAS MILK MARKET,CARROLLTON,TX 75006. RP SMITH, EB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NE DAIRY FOODS RES CTR,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1300 EP 1308 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ML245 UT WOS:A1993ML24500022 ER PT J AU ALI, MS WHITE, JD BAKOWSKI, RS PHILLIPPO, ET ELLIS, RL AF ALI, MS WHITE, JD BAKOWSKI, RS PHILLIPPO, ET ELLIS, RL TI ANALYTE STABILITY STUDY OF N-METHYLCARBAMATE PESTICIDES IN BEEF AND POULTRY LIVER-TISSUES BY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB To optimize conditions for sample collection, preparation, storage, and analysis and to assure the validity of our previously published liquid chromatographic (LC) method for carbamate analysis in tissue, stabilities of 16 N-methylcarbamates in beef, duck, and chicken liver tissues were studied by using 2 sampling protocols. Tissue samples were fortified at room temperature to a concentration 5 to 10 times greater than either the Environmental Protection Agency tolerance level for each compound (if established) or the concentration used in the previously published method. Thereafter, samples were continuously frozen at -4-degrees-C for varying time intervals. In the first study, samples were analyzed one day (initial) and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months after fortification. In the second study, samples were analyzed one day (initial) and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after fortification. For each residue and species, a minimum of 4 samples were analyzed by LC at each point in time, and the mean represented analyte concentration at the end of each time interval. Rates of residue depletion varied among analytes and among species. Depletion rates were greater in duck livers than in beef livers. Methomyl and oxamyl were depleted completely within 2 weeks. Between 2 and 6 months after sample fortification, residue depletions to levels below detection limits were observed for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, dioxacarb, promecarb, propoxur, and bendiocarb. The initial loss of certain carbamates during sample preparation in tissues exposed to room temperature for up to 8h was greater than the subsequent rate of loss. Results indicate that cryogenic conditions are required for sample preparation and storage. Results also provide information on how long a violative evidentiary sample can be stored for potential litigation. C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV SCI & TECHNOL CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP ALI, MS (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,EASTERN LAB,POB 6085,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1309 EP 1316 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ML245 UT WOS:A1993ML24500023 PM 8286970 ER PT J AU LENIHAN, JM NEILSON, RP AF LENIHAN, JM NEILSON, RP TI A RULE-BASED VEGETATION FORMATION MODEL FOR CANADA SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE BIOGEOGRAPHY; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE VEGETATION RELATIONSHIPS; VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION; EQUILIBRIUM VEGETATION MODEL; WATER BALANCE ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CO2-INDUCED CLIMATE CHANGE; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; BOREAL FORESTS; WATER-BALANCE; BIOME MODEL; LEAF AREA; SENSITIVITY AB A rule-based, equilibrium vegetation model was developed for predicting the distribution of vegetation formations in Canada under current and projected climatic conditions. The Canadian Climate-Vegetation Model (CCVM) relies on climatic parameters with an inferred mechanistic relationship to the distribution of vegetation. Model inputs are monthly temperature, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, from which degree-days, absolute minimum temperature, snowpack, actual evapotranspiration and soil moisture deficit are calculated. Splitting rules in a binary decision tree classify the potential natural vegetation at grid cells in a spatially distributed data base. The rules are critical climatic thresholds which physiologically constrain the distributions of different vegetation life-forms. Under current climatic conditions, CCVM produces an accurate simulation of Canadian vegetation as determined by comparisons with regional to continental scale vegetation maps. When compared with the Holdridge (1947, 1967) and Box (1981) models, CCVM predicted the vegetation of Canada in greater detail and with more accuracy. A comparison with the BIOME model (Prentice et al., 1992) showed a similar level of overall predictive accuracy under the current climate, but the two models are known to generate different responses under doubled-CO2 climatic scenarios. The physiological basis of the rules in CCVM will lend a robustness to the model when used to assess the potential impact of climatic change on Canadian vegetation at the level of the formation, the scale at which vegetation most directly interacts with the atmosphere. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 91 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 20 IS 6 BP 615 EP 628 DI 10.2307/2845518 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA NH067 UT WOS:A1993NH06700004 ER PT J AU HORSLEY, SB AF HORSLEY, SB TI ROLE OF ALLELOPATHY IN HAY-SCENTED FERN INTERFERENCE WITH BLACK-CHERRY REGENERATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLELOPATHY; INTERFERENCE; PRUNUS-SEROTINA; DENNSTAEDTIA-PUNCTILOBULA; ALLEGHENY HARDWOOD TYPE; REGENERATION FAILURES ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SUBSTANCES; INHIBITION; GROWTH; WATER; ACID; DEER AB Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seedlings survive and grow poorly under dense hay-scented fem (Dennstaedtia punctilobula Michx.) ground cover in the understory of partially cut Allegheny hardwood stands. Previous field studies showed that there were about 80% fewer black cherry seedlings where fem was present than where it was absent. Allelopathic interference with black cherry seed germination, seedling survival, and growth by hay-scented fem foliage leachates, root washings, and soil transformation products was evaluated in a series of field, greenhouse, and laboratory experiments. Black cherry seeds germinated as well in the presence of hay-scented fem or its leachates as when they were absent in both the laboratory and the field. Fem foliage leachates and root washings did not affect black cherry growth in sand or natural soil cores in the greenhouse. There also was no evidence that hay-scented fem natural products or their soil transformation products built up in the soil. A two-year manipulative field experiment to separate effects of hay-scented fem foliage shade from foliar leaching showed that foliage shade significantly reduced black cherry seedling survival and growth; foliage leachates had no effect. Results of the studies led to the conclusion that allelopathy does not play a direct role in hay-scented fem interference with black cherry seedling establishment in partially cut Allegheny hardwood stands. RP HORSLEY, SB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 928,WARREN,PA 16365, USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 14 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 19 IS 11 BP 2737 EP 2755 DI 10.1007/BF00980704 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ML276 UT WOS:A1993ML27600023 PM 24248724 ER PT J AU KONSTANCE, RP AF KONSTANCE, RP TI AXIAL-COMPRESSION PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM CASEINATE GELS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TEXTURE; KAMABOKO; SURIMI; GELS; RHEOLOGY ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; MILK AB The wide range of physicochemical and functional properties of caseins and caseinates, as well as their bland flavor, make them an excellent protein source for the creation of formulated foods, either as novel or imitative products. The gelation properties of these highly nutritive proteins were investigated to determine their potential for the creation or imitation of high value products such as kamaboko, a surimi product. Instrumental texture profile analyses and stress-strain relationships were evaluated to determine the textural responses of caseinate gels with various additives. The addition of sodium hexametaphosphate (.5%, wt/wt) was effective in creating firm, elastic gels that more closely resembled many of the textural properties of kamaboko. The addition of kappa-carrageenan with the phosphate markedly improved gel cohesiveness, springiness, water holding, and foldability. The elasticity and recoverable energy of these gels were also improved, but these gels were not as elastic as kamaboko. RP KONSTANCE, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 76 IS 11 BP 3317 EP 3326 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77669-9 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MF845 UT WOS:A1993MF84500003 ER PT J AU VANHEKKEN, DL STRANGE, ED AF VANHEKKEN, DL STRANGE, ED TI FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES OF DEPHOSPHORYLATED BOVINE WHOLE CASEIN SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DEPHOSPHORYLATED CASEIN; CALCIUM SENSITIVITY; EMULSION; FOAM ID PROTEINS; HYDROPHOBICITY; COAGULATION; FORMULA AB Native whole casein and dephosphorylated (40 and 93%) whole caseins were evaluated for solubility between pH 3 and 8, Ca2+ sensitivity, emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity, and foam stability. The isoelectric point of the modified caseins shifted upward (.5 pH units for 93% dephosphorylated casein) as the degree of dephosphorylation increased. Caseins in NaCl solutions were equally soluble above their isoelectric points. Dephosphorylated caseins were more soluble in NaCl at pH 3 and in the presence of Ca at pH 7. Emulsifying properties were dependent on the amount of casein in solution and were greatest at the pH at which caseins were most soluble. Emulsions made with modified caseins were similar to native casein emulsions in initial turbidity and emulsion activity index values but had lower oil capacities and tended to be less stable. Dephosphorylated caseins formed less foam volume during sparging, and the foam was very unstable. The removal of the phosphate groups from whole casein improved its solubility and reduced emulsion and foaming properties in ways that may be of value to the food industry. RP VANHEKKEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 76 IS 11 BP 3384 EP 3391 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77676-6 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MF845 UT WOS:A1993MF84500010 ER PT J AU MERTENS, DR DADO, RG AF MERTENS, DR DADO, RG TI SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS FOR FULFILLING NET ENERGY AND ABSORBED PROTEIN-REQUIREMENTS FOR MILK COMPONENT PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ABSORBED PROTEIN; NET ENERGY; MILK COMPONENTS; RATION FORMULATION ID DAIRY-COWS; ORCHARDGRASS; ALFALFA AB Objectives were to develop a system of equations for formulating rations to meet absorbed protein requirements, to define NE(L) requirements for individual milk components, and to evaluate the effects of changes in milk composition on requirements for absorbed protein and NE(L) recommended by NRC or by a proposed system based on milk components. By combining parameters in the NRC degradable protein system, a set of two equations was derived that can be solved to meet absorbed protein requirements when either ruminally available protein or energy limits microbial protein synthesis. Heats of combustion were used to estimate NE(L) requirements for milk components. Maintenance requirements for absorbed protein and NE(L) were obtained from NRC. To eliminate the dependence of DMI prediction on milk fat concentration, as assumed by NRC, DMI was estimated using the NDF concentration of the feed and the NE(L) requirement of the cow. The proposed system of requirements, based on milk components and the matrix of equations for meeting absorbed protein requirements, not only accounts for differences in the degradability and microbial yield of feeds but also more logically matches differences in nutrient requirements for milk components associated with changes in milk composition. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MERTENS, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 76 IS 11 BP 3464 EP 3478 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77686-9 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MF845 UT WOS:A1993MF84500020 PM 8270690 ER PT J AU LANGE, CE AF LANGE, CE TI UNCLASSIFIED PROTISTS OF ARTHROPODS - THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF NEPHRIDIOPHAGA-PERIPLANETAE (LUTZ AND SPLENDORE, 1903) N-COMB, AND THE AFFINITIES OF THE NEPHRIDIOPHAGIDAE TO OTHER PROTISTS SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLATTA ORIENTALIS; BLATTIDAE; COCKROACH; COELOSPORIDIIDAE; COELOSPORIDIUM PERIPLANETAE; COMMENSAL; DICTYOPTERA; HAPLOSPORIDIA; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; PROTISTA ID DICHROPLUS-ELONGATUS ORTHOPTERA; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; PEREZIIDAE; ACRIDIDAE AB Observations by electron microscopy were conducted on Coelosporidium periplanetae (Lutz and Splendore, 1903) Swarczewsky, 1914, an extracellular sporogenic protist in the lumen of the Malpighian tubules of Blatta orientalis Linn., 1758 and other domiciliary cockroaches. Results generally agreed with earlier studies by light microscopy but also allowed a more complete characterization of the species. Some outstanding features of the protist were: amoeboid multinucleate stages (plasmodia) capable of producing cytoplasmic projections for attachment to microvilli of tubules, endogenous formation of spores, differentiation of ''generative'' and ''somatic'' nuclei in plasmodia undergoing spore formation, polarized early sporoblasts (a nucleus on one half and a chondriome on the other), and biconcave, ovoid, non-polarized spores that are retained until maturation by the plasmalemma and residual cytoplasm of the original plasmodium. The new combination Nephridiophaga periplanetae is proposed based on this new, updated information. The family name Nephridiophagidae Sprague, 1970 is resurrected to include N. periplanetae and eleven other species of protists in the Malpighian tubules of arthropods, mostly insects in the orders Dictyoptera and Coleoptera. According to its characteristics, the family Nephridiophagidae cannot be included into any of the currently recognized phyla of protists. It is suggested that it should be temporarily treated as an incertae sedis group of Protista. RP LANGE, CE (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 40 IS 6 BP 689 EP 700 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04461.x PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MM045 UT WOS:A1993MM04500001 ER PT J AU HINTON, A HUME, ME DELOACH, JR AF HINTON, A HUME, ME DELOACH, JR TI ROLE OF METABOLIC INTERMEDIATES IN THE INHIBITION OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AND SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS BY VEILLONELLA SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI 0157-H7; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; COLONIZATION RESISTANCE; CECAL MICROFLORA; DIETARY LACTOSE; CHICKENS; BACTERIA; INFECTION; CULTURES; GROWTH AB A Veillonella sp. was isolated from the cecal contents of adult chickens. The Veillonella was grown on an agar medium supplemented with 200 mM of lactate, pyruvate, fumarate, or succinate and adjusted to a pH of 6.7, 6.5, 6.3, 6.1, 5.9, or 5.7. No metabolites were added to the control media, but it was adjusted to the same pH levels as the supplemented media. The agar medium on which the Veillonella was grown was overlaid with fresh agar medium. Cultures of Salmonella typhimurium or Salmonella enteritidis were spread on the surface of the agar overlay, and the plates were incubated at 37-degrees-C for 14-18 h. Veillonella did not inhibit the growth of either salmonellae on any of the control or pyruvate medium. Veillonella did inhibit the growth of both salmonellae on lactate medium that had been adjusted to pH 6.3, 6. 1, or 5.9 and on succinate medium that had been adjusted to pH 5.7. Veillonella also inhibited the growth of S. typhimurium on fumarate medium that had been adjusted to pH 6.7. 6.5, 6.3, 6.1, or 5.9; and it inhibited the growth of S. enteritidis on fumarate medium that had been adjusted to pH 6.7, 6.5, 6.3, or 6. 1. Inhibition on lactate agar was correlated with the production of acetate and propionate by Veillonella and residual lactate in the medium; inhibition on fumarate agar was correlated with the production of propionate and lactate by Veillonella; and inhibition on succinate agar was correlated to the production of propionate at low pH levels. The findings indicate that anaerobic bacteria that produce these metabolic intermediates and anaerobic bacteria that can convert the intermediates to volatile fatty acids may be important components of probiotic cultures that can be provided to chicks to reduce colonization by salmonellae. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP HINTON, A (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 56 IS 11 BP 932 EP 937 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MH937 UT WOS:A1993MH93700002 ER PT J AU MILLER, AJ CALL, JE WHITING, RC AF MILLER, AJ CALL, JE WHITING, RC TI COMPARISON OF ORGANIC-ACID SALTS FOR CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM CONTROL IN AN UNCURED TURKEY PRODUCT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TOXIN PRODUCTION; GROWTH; ANTIMICROBIALS; INHIBITION; SURVIVAL; PH AB Health concerns have led consumers toward purchasing nitrite-free, low salt meat and poultry products. Lacking these barriers to control growth of bacterial pathogens, such products carry heightened risks for botulism, especially if temperature abused. To address this threat, five organic acid salts were evaluated as potential antibotulinal agents. Ground turkey breast was formulated with 1.4% NaCl, 0.3% sodium pyrophosphate, 06% organic acid salts, 10% ice, and 500 spores per g of a 6-strain mixture of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum. Vacuum-packaged product (10 g) was heated in 75-degrees-C water for 20 min, cooled, and incubated for up to 18 d at 28-degrees-C. Botulinal neurotoxin was detected by mouse bioassay at 2 d in samples which lacked any of the test compounds. Samples containing 2% acid salt developed neurotoxin, which was detected at 2, 2, 4, 5, and 5 d for pyruvate, citrate, lactate, acetate, and propionate, respectively. With 6% acid salt additions, samples remained neurotoxin free until 7 d with pyruvate, 18 d with citrate, and >18 d for the remaining compounds. Monocarboxylic acid salts exhibited antibotulinal activity related to their dissociation constants (pK(a)). Citrate did not fit this pattern, however, suggesting a different mechanism of action. This study reveals that a variety of organic acid salts possess activity that can be used alone or possibly in combination to enhance the safety of nitrite-free turkey products. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 25 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 56 IS 11 BP 958 EP 962 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MH937 UT WOS:A1993MH93700007 ER PT J AU BROWN, RL COTTY, PJ CLEVELAND, TE WIDSTROM, NW AF BROWN, RL COTTY, PJ CLEVELAND, TE WIDSTROM, NW TI LIVING MAIZE EMBRYO INFLUENCES ACCUMULATION OF AFLATOXIN IN MAIZE KERNELS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; RESISTANCE; STRAINS; EAR AB Kernels from two maize populations, MAS:gk and MAS:pw,nf, showed significant postharvest resistance to aflatoxin contamination by Aspergillus flavus but showed no significant inter-population variation for this resistance. Growth of A. flavus on both populations was significantly less than on susceptible control lines. Kernels from the resistant populations retained resistance when wounded through the pericarp prior to inoculation with A. flavus, despite the fact that the exposed endosperm supported good fungal growth. Kernels from these populations also retained resistance when they were acetone washed before inoculation. Resistance to aflatoxin contamination was lost in kernels that were autoclaved, crushed, or embryo wounded. All assays were incubated under conditions favorable to kernel germination. Results suggest that postharvest resistance to aflatoxin contamination in these two populations is related to metabolic activities of the living com embryo. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP BROWN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 56 IS 11 BP 967 EP 971 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MH937 UT WOS:A1993MH93700009 ER PT J AU BLANKENSHIP, LC BAILEY, JS COX, NA MUSGROVE, MT BERRANG, ME WILSON, RL ROSE, MJ DUA, SK AF BLANKENSHIP, LC BAILEY, JS COX, NA MUSGROVE, MT BERRANG, ME WILSON, RL ROSE, MJ DUA, SK TI BROILER CARCASS REPROCESSING, A FURTHER EVALUATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note AB The microbiological quality of 745 conventionally processed and 745 reprocessed broiler carcasses was determined. Carcasses were taken from the processing line prior to entering the chiller in five commercial processing plants. Each plant was sampled twice during the winter, spring, and summer. Analyses included aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli counts plus qualitative Salmonella (SAL) prevalence. Differences between overall mean log10 counts for aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and E coli were not significant. The prevalence of SAL detected on conventionally processed and reprocessed carcasses also was not significantly different. Some variation was observed in microbiological quality of carcasses among processing plants. Although the SAL prevalence appeared to decline from winter to summer replications, no significant trend could be demonstrated. Continuation of the practice of reprocessing carcasses appears justified. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30605. US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,SANITAT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 56 IS 11 BP 983 EP 985 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MH937 UT WOS:A1993MH93700013 ER PT J AU KADAN, RS ZIEGLER, GM BETT, KL GRIMM, CC VERCELLOTTI, JR WAN, PJ AF KADAN, RS ZIEGLER, GM BETT, KL GRIMM, CC VERCELLOTTI, JR WAN, PJ TI STABILITY OF DRIED FILLED MILKS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FILLED MILK; DRIED MILK; COTTONSEED OIL; COCONUT OIL; ANTIOXIDANTS ID FAT; LIPOPROTEINS; PRODUCTS AB Samples of dried filled milk (DFM) were made with several vegetable fats and compared with dried milk. Several specially prepared vegetble oils, such as Trisun HS-500, hydrogenated cottonseed oil and hydrogenated coconut oil could impart stability to the DFM as high as that imparted by milk fat to conventional dried milk. Stability could be further enhanced by appropriate antioxidant and storage conditions. The simple technique of measuring oxygen consumption by the DFM was as effective as flavor evaluation, gas chromatography of volatiles, or spectroscopy for screening large numbers of samples or as a quality control procedure. RP KADAN, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1294 EP 1299 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06169.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MM967 UT WOS:A1993MM96700024 ER PT J AU TATSUMI, Y WATADA, AE LING, PP AF TATSUMI, Y WATADA, AE LING, PP TI SODIUM-CHLORIDE TREATMENT OR WATERJET SLICING EFFECTS ON WHITE TISSUE-DEVELOPMENT OF CARROT STICKS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARROTS; WATERJET; SALT WASH; WHITE TISSUE ID SURFACE AB Treatment of carrots with NaCl solution or slicing with a high pressure water jet stream was evaluated for reducing the amount of white tissue development on carrot stick surfaces. A 0.5 or 1.0M solution treatment resulted in less white tissue than treatment with lower concentrations of NaCl. However, the NaCl treatment caused a weight loss of 4-10% (not commercially acceptable). Water jet slicing resulted in striation of surface tissue and left loose layers of cells, as observed with the scanning electron microscope. These cells dehydrated rapidly and formed as much white tissue as on carrots sliced with a culinary knife. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RUTGERS UNIV,DEPT BIORESOURCE ENGN,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1390 EP 1392 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06189.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MM967 UT WOS:A1993MM96700044 ER PT J AU STANTURF, JA JONES, SB TICKNOR, WD AF STANTURF, JA JONES, SB TICKNOR, WD TI MANAGING INDUSTRIAL FORESTLAND IN A CHANGING SOCIETY SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802. WD TICKNOR FORESTRY CONSULTANTS,ORIENT,OH. RP STANTURF, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO HARDWOODS LAB,POB 227,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 91 IS 11 BP 6 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ME017 UT WOS:A1993ME01700009 ER PT J AU DIETZMAN, D AF DIETZMAN, D TI FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH - NOT JUST WOOD AS USUAL SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP DIETZMAN, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 91 IS 11 BP 13 EP 15 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ME017 UT WOS:A1993ME01700010 ER PT J AU MARCIN, TC AF MARCIN, TC TI DEMOGRAPHIC-CHANGE - IMPLICATIONS FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review RP MARCIN, TC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 91 IS 11 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ME017 UT WOS:A1993ME01700017 ER PT J AU SEAL, BS RIDPATH, JF MENGELING, WL AF SEAL, BS RIDPATH, JF MENGELING, WL TI ANALYSIS OF FELINE CALICIVIRUS CAPSID PROTEIN GENES - IDENTIFICATION OF VARIABLE ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT REGIONS OF THE PROTEIN SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; INFECTED-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; VIRUS; NEUTRALIZATION; POLYMERASE; CLASSIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Three isolates of feline calicivirus (FCV) designated NADC, KCD and CFI/68 were compared for biochemical, serological and genetic variation within the capsid protein gene. The M(r) of the capsid protein from purified virions was approximately 66 000 for the NADC virus isolate, which differed slightly from the relative mobilities of the purified capsid proteins of the KCD and CFI/68 isolates. Polyclonal antisera from either cats infected or rabbits hyperimmunized with the CFI/68 isolate cross-reacted with all three isolates by Western blot analysis. However, these polyclonal antisera to CFI/68 varied considerably in their virus-neutralization titres to the KCD and NADC isolates. Nucleotide sequence data confirmed the genetic variability among these FCV isolates. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the capsid protein among isolates revealed two regions of sequence divergence that probably contain the antigenically variable determinants. These hypervariable regions may vary by as much as 55 % among isolates of FCV. The amino acid sequence diversity, in the hypervariable regions of the KCD and NADC isolates correlated well with the virus-neutralization data and suggests that polyvalent vaccines may be more protective than the commonly used monovalent vaccines. C1 USDA ARS,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 55 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 74 BP 2519 EP 2524 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-74-11-2519 PN 11 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA MF244 UT WOS:A1993MF24400029 PM 7504075 ER PT J AU LEIJ, FJ TORIDE, N VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF LEIJ, FJ TORIDE, N VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN 3-DIMENSIONAL POROUS-MEDIA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MOBILE; MODELS AB The movement of water and chemicals in soils is generally better described with multidimensional nonequilibrium models than with more commonly used one-dimensional and/or equilibrium models. This paper presents analytical solutions for non-equilibrium solute transport in semi-infinite porous media during steady unidirectional flow. The solutions can be used to model transport in porous media where the liquid phase consists of a mobile and an immobile region (physical non-equilibrium) or where solute sorption is governed by either an equilibrium or a first-order rate process (chemical non-equilibrium). The transport equation incorporates terms accounting for advection, dispersion, zero-order production, and first-order decay. General solutions were derived for the boundary, initial, and production value problems with the help of Laplace and Fourier transforms. A comprehensive set of specific solutions is presented using Dirac functions for the input and initial distribution, and/or Heaviside or exponential functions for the input, initial, and production profiles. A rectangular or circular inflow area was specified for the boundary value problem while for the initial and production value problems the respective initial and production profiles were located in parallelepipedal, cylindrical, or spherical regions of the soil. Solutions are given for both the volume-averaged or resident concentration as well as the flux-averaged or flowing concentration. Examples of concentration profiles versus time and position are presented for selected problems. Results show that the effects of non-equilibrium on three-dimensional transport are very similar to those for one-dimensional transport. RP LEIJ, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 29 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 151 IS 2-4 BP 193 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90236-3 PG 36 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MP972 UT WOS:A1993MP97200006 ER PT J AU THYAGARAJA, BS GELMAN, DB MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ BELL, RA IMBERSKI, RB AF THYAGARAJA, BS GELMAN, DB MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ BELL, RA IMBERSKI, RB TI A ROLE FOR THE TERMINAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENT IN THE LARVAL AND PUPAL MOLTS OF THE GYPSY-MOTH LYMANTRIA-DISPAR L - DISCOVERY OF A DEVELOPMENTAL CONTROL CENTER IN THE ANAL PAPILLA POUCH SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANAL PAPILLA POUCH; ECDYSTEROIDS; MOLTING; TERMINAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENT; PROTHORACIC GLANDS; VENTRAL NERVE CORD ID MANDUCA-SEXTA L; PROTHORACIC GLAND; TOBACCO HORNWORM; BOMBYX-MORI; JUVENILE-HORMONE; ALPHA-ECDYSONE; ECDYSTEROID TITER; IN-VITRO; HEMOLYMPH; INSECTS AB Results from ligation experiments performed on Lymantria dispar revealed a critical period for the terminal abdominal segment (TAS) in the control of larval and pupal molting. Fifth (last) instars abdominally ligated earlier than day 6 failed to pupate and hemolymph ecdysteroid titers remained low. Similarly fourth instars abdominally ligated at 84 h or earlier failed to molt. The location of the abdominal regulatory center was found to be the anal papilla pouch (AP), a small protrusion located on the TAS. Ligations performed on the dorsal nerves which extend between the terminal abdominal ganglion and the AP as well as ligations along the ventral nerve cord also interfered with pupation, suggesting that the AP may be a source of both neural signals and regulatory molecules which are needed for the initiation of pupation. Implants of active prothoracic glands (PTGs) into isolated abdomens or neck-ligated fifth instars induced a pre-molt ecdysteroid peak and a pupal molt. However, when larvae were ligated at the TAS prior to receiving the implant, pupation was not observed. Thus, PTGs may be stimulated to produce ecdysteroid by direct/indirect signals from the TAS as well as by factors previously demonstrated to emanate from the brain. While injections of AP extracts into TAS-ligated larvae did not stimulate pupation, they did result in an increase in hemolymph ecdysteroid titers. The TAS, then, appears to house an important control center for the regulation of hemolymph ecdysteroid titers and, in turn, molting in L. dispar. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 306,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 11 BP 969 EP 980 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(93)90006-D PG 12 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA MK107 UT WOS:A1993MK10700006 ER PT J AU CHEN, Q MCINTOSH, AH YU, Z HONG, H GOODMAN, CL GRASELA, JJ IGNOFFO, CM AF CHEN, Q MCINTOSH, AH YU, Z HONG, H GOODMAN, CL GRASELA, JJ IGNOFFO, CM TI THE REPLICATION OF AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA BACULOVIRUS (ACMNPV) IN 2 LEPIDOPTERAN CELL-LINES GROWN IN SERUM-FREE MEDIA SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; BACULOVIRUS; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; CELL LINES; SERUM-FREE MEDIA; VIRUS REPLICATION ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; INVITRO HOST RANGE; INSECT CELLS; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; PROTEIN-PRODUCTION; CULTURE; HELIOTHIS C1 USDA ARS, BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 USA. RP CHEN, Q (reprint author), HUAZHONG NORMAL UNIV, INST ENTOMOL, WUSHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 62 IS 3 BP 216 EP 219 DI 10.1006/jipa.1993.1102 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MG011 UT WOS:A1993MG01100002 ER PT J AU KOLUVEK, PK TANJI, KK TROUT, TJ AF KOLUVEK, PK TANJI, KK TROUT, TJ TI OVERVIEW OF SOIL-EROSION FROM IRRIGATION SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FURROW AB Of the 15,000,000 ha (37,000,000 acres) of irrigated land in the U.S., 21% is affected by soil erosion to some extent. Irrigation-induced soil erosion has been studied, primarily in the Northwestern United States, since 1940. A number of studies have measured annual sediment yields from furrow-irrigated fields exceeding 20 t/ha (9 tons/acre) with some fields exceeding 100 t/ha (45 tons/acre). Under the center-pivot sprinkler method, sediment yields as high as 33 t/ha (15 tons/acre) have been measured. Annual sediment yields as high as 4.5 t/ha (2 tons/acre) were measured from irrigation tracts. Erosion is seldom excessive on slopes less than 1% and is often excessive on slopes greater than 2%. Erosion reduces the agricultural productivity of the fields and causes off-farm damages. In southern Idaho, crop yield potential has been reduced by 25% due to 80 years of irrigation-induced erosion. Some irrigation districts spend more than $50,000 annually to remove sediment from drains. Sediment in irrigation return flows causes major water-quality degredation problems in several rivers in the Western United States. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83301. RP KOLUVEK, PK (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WNTC,511 NW BROADWAY,PORTLAND,OR 97209, USA. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 119 IS 6 BP 929 EP 946 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:6(929) PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA MH553 UT WOS:A1993MH55300002 ER PT J AU TROUT, TJ NEIBLING, WH AF TROUT, TJ NEIBLING, WH TI EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION PROCESSES ON IRRIGATED FIELDS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; AGGREGATE STABILITY; FURROW EROSION; SOIL COHESION; WATER-CONTENT; RAINFALL; IMPACT; TRANSPORT; TILLAGE; RILL AB Soil erosion is sometimes excessive during furrow irrigation and under center pivot sprinkler systems. An understanding of erosion processes is required to predict and develop management practices to reduce irrigation induced erosion. Little erosion process research has been carried out under irrigation, but much of the extensive channel sediment transport and rainfall-induced erosion process research can be adapted to irrigated conditions. Soil erosion occurs when fluid in motion detaches and transports soil particles. Sedimentation occurs when the fluid transport capacity decreases to less than the sediment load. Hydraulic forces of moving water and soil factors such as aggregate stability and particle size determine erosion and sedimentation. Under furrow irrigation, the shear of the overland flow against the soil provides the detachment force and is a primary factor determining channel transport capacity. With sprinkler irrigation, water drop energy detaches particles, some of which may be transported downslope by shallow interrill flow if the water application rate exceeds the soil infiltration rate. C1 UNIV IDAHO,CTR TWIN FALLS RES EXTENS,TWIN FALLS,ID 83303. RP TROUT, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MGMT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 76 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 119 IS 6 BP 947 EP 963 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:6(947) PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA MH553 UT WOS:A1993MH55300003 ER PT J AU CARTER, DL AF CARTER, DL TI FURROW IRRIGATION EROSION LOWERS SOIL PRODUCTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Recent research efforts have shown that soil erosion decreases soil productivity. Erosion-caused crop production decreases of 15-40% are commonly reported with some values over 50%. Furrow erosion on irrigated land in Idaho decreases topsoil depth on the upslope approximately 33% of the field area and may increase topsoil depth on the downslope 50-55%. Crop yields are generally decreased where topsoil depths are decreased, but yields are not generally increased where topsoil depths are increased beyond a critical depth. Crops vary in their sensitivity to decreases in topsoil depth, but all crops studied exhibited lower yields on the eroded areas. Soil productivity potential of one area representing several million ha of furrow irrigated land was reduced at least 25% by furrow erosion over 80 irrigation seasons, Technology is not available to restore soil productivity potential to the level that would exist had there been no erosion except for returning topsoil to eroded areas. Research and technology applications are needed to reduce or eliminate topsoil loss and redistribution by irrigation erosion. RP CARTER, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 119 IS 6 BP 964 EP 974 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:6(964) PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA MH553 UT WOS:A1993MH55300004 ER PT J AU CARTER, DL BROCKWAY, CE TANJI, KK AF CARTER, DL BROCKWAY, CE TANJI, KK TI CONTROLLING EROSION AND SEDIMENT LOSS FROM FURROW-IRRIGATED CROPLAND SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; STRAW; MANAGEMENT; RESIDUE AB Irrigation-induced erosion and subsequent sediment loss is a serious agricultural and environmental problem. Recent recognition of this problem has stimulated the development and evaluation of erosion and sediment-loss-control technology. Research results indicate that the application of the technology available today can reduce sediment loss by 70-100%. Important practices include irrigation-water management, sediment-retention basins, buried-pipe tailwater-control systems, vegetative filter strips, tailwater-recovery systems, keeping crop residues on the soil surface and in furrows, and implementing conservation tillage practices. C1 UNIV IDAHO,KIMBERLY,ID. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616. IDAHO WATER RESOURCES RES INST,KIMBERLY,ID. RP CARTER, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MGMT UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 119 IS 6 BP 975 EP 988 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:6(975) PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA MH553 UT WOS:A1993MH55300005 ER EF