FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU JOHNSON, AW SMITTLE, DA SUMNER, DR GLAZE, NC AF JOHNSON, AW SMITTLE, DA SUMNER, DR GLAZE, NC TI EFFICACY AND COMPATIBILITY FOR FENAMIPHOS AND EPTC APPLIED IN IRRIGATION WATER FOR NEMATODE AND WEED-CONTROL IN SNAPBEAN PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRICONEMELLA ORNATA; EPTC; FENAMIPHOS; MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA; NEMAGATION; NEMATODE; PHASEOLUS VULGARIS; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SNAPBEAN; WEEDS ID OVERHEAD SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; PRATYLENCHUS-VULNUS; PHENAMIPHOS; MANAGEMENT; CARBOFURAN; YIELD AB A nematicide (fenamiphos) and a herbicide (EPTC) were injected into a sprinkler irrigation system separately and as tank mixtures and applied in 25.4 kl water/ha for nematode and weed control on snapbean. There were no differences (P = 0.05) between methods of injection of fenamiphos + EPTC on efficacy or crop response. The root-gall indices of cultivars Eagle and GV 50 were lower in fenamiphos-treated plots than those treated with EPTC alone and untreated plots. The yield and crop value were greater (P = 0.05) for cultivars Eagle and Nemasnap than GV 50. Fenamiphos 4.48 kg a. i./ha + EPTC 3.36 kg a, i./ha controlled root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, ring nematodes, Criconemella ornata, and weeds, and resulted in greater plant growth, yield, and crop value than those from untreated plots. No benefits (P = 0.05) resulted from treatment with fenamiphos at 6.72 kg a. i./ha + EPTC treatment compared with fenamiphos at 4.48 kg a. i. + EPTC. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP JOHNSON, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 690 EP 696 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA777 UT WOS:A1994QA77700022 PM 19279949 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, AW YOUNG, JR AF JOHNSON, AW YOUNG, JR TI EFFICACY OF FENAMIPHOS FORMULATIONS APPLIED THROUGH IRRIGATION FOR CONTROL OF MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA ON SQUASH SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CUCURBITA PEPO; FENAMIPHOS; MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA; NEMAGATION; NEMATICIDE; NEMATODE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SUMMER SQUASH ID OVERHEAD SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; ROOT-KNOT COMPLEX; CHEMIGATION; MANAGEMENT; NEMATODES; TOBACCO; WATER AB Management of Meloidogyne incognita by chemigation with fenamiphos was studied in an infested field planted to M. incognita-susceptible yellow summer squash cv. Dixie Hybrid. Fenamiphos (VL 73.1% a.i. manufacturing concentrate in propylene glycol) was mixed with Unitol DSR-90 or used as fenamiphos 3 SC (spray concentrate). Both formulations, applied with 63.5 kl irrigation water per hectare, decreased numbers of M. incognita second stage juveniles in the soil and root-gall indices, and increased yield of squash compared with the untreated control. There was no benefit achieved by mixing the fenamiphos concentrate with Unitol DSR-90 over the use of fenamiphos 3 SC formulation. Fenamiphos application rates between 3.36 and 6.72 kg a.i./ha could provide control of M. incognita comparable to that obtained with 6.72 kg a.i./ha. Reduced rates of fenamiphos applied with irrigation water used to control plant-parasitic nematodes could reduce the potential for groundwater pollution as well as cost to the grower. RP JOHNSON, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 697 EP 700 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA777 UT WOS:A1994QA77700023 PM 19279950 ER PT J AU GRAY, FA WILLIAMS, JL GRIFFIN, GD WILSON, TE AF GRAY, FA WILLIAMS, JL GRIFFIN, GD WILSON, TE TI DISTRIBUTION IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES ON ALFALFA AND CULTIVAR REACTION TO MIXED POPULATIONS OF DITYLENCHUS-DIPSACI AND APHELENCHOIDES RITZEMABOSI SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA STEM NEMATODE; APHELENCHOIDES RITZEMABOSI; CHRYSANTHEMUM NEMATODE; CULTIVAR REACTION; DITYLENCHUS DIPSACI; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; MIXED POPULATION; NEMATODE; RED CLOVER; SONCHUS SP.; SOW THISTLE,; TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE AB Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi were extracted from 29 of 40 plant samples (72.5%) collected from Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, Percentages of A, ritzemabosi in tissue of the 29 samples ranged from 1.77 to 67.82%. Only Ditylenchus dipsaci was recovered from the remaining 11 samples. All of the 16 fields sampled in Wyoming contained both nematodes. Percentages of A. ritzemabosi in the Wyoming samples ranged from 0.7-30.0%, with an overall mean of 10.3%. Individual plants collected from a field in Big Horn, Wyoming, all contained both nematodes. Percentages of A. ritzemabosi in tissue ranged from 5-70%. Alfalfa stem nematode symptomatic plants in 17 of 18 alfalfa cultivars collected from a screening nursery in California contained both nematodes, of which 10-94% were A. ritzemabosi. Only one cultivar had D. dipsaci only, and no entries had A. ritzemabosi only. Under environmentally controlled conditions, A. ritzemabosi reproduced in all nine alfalfa cultivars tested at 6 weeks of age with a mean reproductive factor (final population/initial population) of 4.1. There were more (P less than or equal to 0.05) A. ritzemabosi in stem and bud tissue of the susceptible cultivars at harvest than in the resistant cultivars with combined cultivar means of 238, 42,78, and 4 A. ritzemabosi/g tissue for the susceptible, moderately resistant, resistant, and highly resistant cultivars, respectively. Percentage A, ritzemabosi in tissues decreased over time in seedlings but increased in older plants. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. FARM SEED RES CORP,HOLLISTER,CA 95023. RP GRAY, FA (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI,POB 3354,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 705 EP 719 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA777 UT WOS:A1994QA77700025 PM 19279952 ER PT J AU WINDHAM, GL WILLIAMS, WP AF WINDHAM, GL WILLIAMS, WP TI REPRODUCTION OF MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA AND M-ARENARIA ON TROPICAL CORN HYBRIDS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN; MAIZE; MELOIDOGYNE ARENARIA; MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; PEANUT ROOT-KNOT; NEMATODE; RESISTANCE; SOUTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; ZEA MAYS ID SORGHUM; DENSITIES; NEMATODES; FLORIDA; MAIZE; CROPS AB Reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria was determined on 25 commercial tropical corn hybrids in greenhouse studies. Soil around corn seedlings was infested with 3,000 eggs/plant. Reproduction was quantified from counts of egg masses on roots stained with phloxine B 60 days after soil infestation. All of the tropical hybrids were susceptible to M. Incognita and M. arenaria. Egg mass indices (0-5 scale) ranged from 3.4 to 4.2 and from 3.4 to 4.1 for M. incognita and M. arenaria, respectively. RP WINDHAM, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,PO 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 753 EP 755 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA777 UT WOS:A1994QA77700032 PM 19279959 ER PT J AU NICKLE, WR SHAPIRO, M AF NICKLE, WR SHAPIRO, M TI EFFECTS OF 8 BRIGHTENERS AS SOLAR-RADIATION PROTECTANTS FOR STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE, ALL STRAIN SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; BLANKOPHOR; BRIGHTENER; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE; STEINERNEMA CARPOCAPSAE; SOLAR RADIATION; STILBENE ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; ULTRAVIOLET PROTECTANTS; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODE; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; VIRUS; SUNLIGHT AB Seven commercially available Blankophor fluorescent brighteners were compared with the standard Tinopal LPW as solar radiation protectants for Steinernema carpocapsae (All strain). Blankophor BBH and Tinopal LPW were the most successful UV screens, with 95% of the original nematode infectivity to larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, retained after 4 hours of exposure to direct sunlight. The Blankophor HRS and DML preserved 80 and 85% infectivity, and the P167 preserved 70% infectivity after the sunlight exposure. The other Blankophors (RKH, LPG, and BSU) were not as effective. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP NICKLE, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 782 EP 784 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA777 UT WOS:A1994QA77700038 PM 19279965 ER PT J AU BURRIN, DG DUDLEY, MA REEDS, PJ SHULMAN, RJ PERKINSON, S ROSENBERGER, J AF BURRIN, DG DUDLEY, MA REEDS, PJ SHULMAN, RJ PERKINSON, S ROSENBERGER, J TI FEEDING COLOSTRUM RAPIDLY ALTERS ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY AND THE RELATIVE ISOFORM ABUNDANCE OF JEJUNAL LACTASE IN NEONATAL PIGS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE LACTASE; COLOSTRUM; PIGS; NEONATAL; DEVELOPMENT ID INTESTINAL LACTASE; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; MICROVILLAR PROTEINS; RAT; GROWTH; BIRTH; MILK; BIOSYNTHESIS; HYDROLASE; LACTATION AB Our objective was to determine the shortterm effects of feeding colostrum and mature milk on the enzyme activity and relative isoform abundance of lactase in neonatal pigs. We studied newborn pigs that were fed colostrum, mature milk and water for 6 h (Study 1). We also studied unfed pigs shortly after birth, and newborn pigs fed either colostrum or mature milk for 24 h (Study 2). The specific activity (pmol.min(-1).g protein(-1)) of lactase in a jejunal mucosal homogenate and a purified membrane fraction was lower in pigs fed colostrum than in unfed newborns or those fed either milk or water. However, after 24 h, total jejunal lactase activity (pmol mol(-1),jejunal mass and protein content were higher in the colostrum- and milk-fed pigs than in the unfed newborns. In colostrum-fed pigs, the reduction in lactase specific activity after 6 h was associated with 1) a marked increase in the relative abundance of a 180-kDa protein, which was shown to be one of three pro-lactase isoforms, and 2) a lower relative abundance of the 160-kDa isoform, considered to be the mature form of the enzyme. Our evidence suggests that feeding either colostrum or mature milk increases total jejunal lactase activity. The reduction in both the specific activity and abundance of the mature isoform in conjunction with an increased relative abundance of the 180-kDa pro-lactase isoform suggests that feeding colostrum alters the post-translational processing of intestinal lactase in neonatal pigs. RP BURRIN, DG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 124 IS 12 BP 2350 EP 2357 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PX460 UT WOS:A1994PX46000005 PM 16856315 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, M MARTIN, A RIBAYAMERCADO, JD GONG, JX BLUMBERG, JB RUSSELL, RM AF MEYDANI, M MARTIN, A RIBAYAMERCADO, JD GONG, JX BLUMBERG, JB RUSSELL, RM TI BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION INCREASES ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF PLASMA IN OLDER WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE TOCOPHEROL; HUMANS; AGE; BETA-CAROTENE; LIPID PEROXIDATION AB The antioxidant effect of dietary beta-carotene supplementation on the peroxidation potential of plasma was investigated in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Twelve healthy women (62-80 y) supplemented their usual daily diet with 90 mg of beta-carotene (n = 6) or placebo (n = 6) capsules for 3 wk. Plasma concentrations of beta-carotene, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, ascorbate, urate, bilirubin and in vitro production of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PC-OOH) and utilization of plasma antioxidants in the presence of 50 mmol/L 2,2'-azobis (2-aminopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH), a free radical generator, at 37 degrees C were measured before and after dietary treatment. Plasma beta-carotene increased from 0.76 +/- 0.16 to 6.45 +/- 1.16 mu mol/L (P < 0.05) in supplemented but not placebo-treated subjects. The plasma concentrations of other antioxidants did not change significantly in either group. beta-Carotene supplementation did not affect basal levels of plasma PC-OOH as measured by HPLC postcolumn chemiluminescence but did affect AAPH-induced production of PC-OOH. Before supplementation, the induction period of plasma PC-OOH production was 2.4 +/- 0.4 h, with levels reaching 5.39 +/- 1.50 mu mol/L after 6 h of incubation. After supplementation, the induction period increased significantly to 4.2 +/- 0.4 h (P < 0.01), with a lower PC-OOH production of 2.16 +/- 0.90 mu mol/L after 6 h (P < 0.05). In this system, plasma ascorbate concentrations were depleted first, followed by loss of bilirubin and alpha-tocopherol and then by the sequential loss of gamma-tocopherol, urate and beta-carotene. These results indicate that beta-carotene supplementation increases the plasma antioxidant capacity of older women. RP TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 34 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 124 IS 12 BP 2397 EP 2403 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PX460 UT WOS:A1994PX46000010 PM 16856320 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA DAVIS, FM CALLAHAN, FE DOLLAR, DA AF HEDIN, PA DAVIS, FM CALLAHAN, FE DOLLAR, DA TI WHEAT-GERM HEMICELLULOSE IS AN ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER; HEMICELLULOSE; DIATRAEA GRANDIOSELLA ID LEAF-FEEDING RESISTANCE; FIBER AB The southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, is a major pest of corn, Zea mays L., in the southern United States. To search for plant allelochemicals, chemically defined insect diets are commonly used, but southwestern corn borer larvae did not grow and develop unless a subnutritional amount of wheat germ was incorporated in the amino acid diet. Fractionation led to identification of hemicellulose as the active component which was then characterized. The hemicellulose permitted insect growth on a protein-free amino acid diet. Microfloral involvement was ruled out because larvae grew and developed free of intestinal microbes. Therefore, this insect has an absolute requirement for hemicellulose that has evidently not been demonstrated with other invertebrates or vertebrates. This finding is of general interest because hitherto, the contributions of hemicellulose to nutrition have generally been considered to be associated chiefly with microfloral conversion to assimilable carbohydrates. Investigations should be conducted to determine whether hemicelluloses are also important or essential for growth of vertebrates including mammals by mechanisms that may not have been considered. RP HEDIN, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 124 IS 12 BP 2458 EP 2465 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PX460 UT WOS:A1994PX46000018 PM 16856328 ER PT J AU WIEN, EM GLAHN, RP VANCAMPEN, DR AF WIEN, EM GLAHN, RP VANCAMPEN, DR TI FERROUS IRON UPTAKE BY RAT DUODENAL BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE-VESICLES - EFFECTS OF DIETARY IRON LEVEL AND COMPETING MINERALS (ZN+2, MN+2, AND CA+2) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE RAT; INTESTINE; BRUSH BORDER MEMBRANE; IRON; ZINC; MANGANESE ID TRANSPORT-SYSTEMS; ABSORPTION; DEFICIENCY; CALCIUM; INHIBITION; REPLETION; MANGANESE; HUMANS; MICE; ZINC AB We sought to confirm a recent report that Fe+2 uptake into mt brush-border membrane vesicles is markedly increased by short-term consumption of iron-deficient diet with no additional enhancement as the animal becomes functionally iron-deficient with continuing dietary Fe deprivation. In addition, we investigated whether previously observed in vivo absorption interactions of iron, zinc, and manganese occur in the brush border membrane vesicles uptake process, and whether short-term or long-term consumption of an iron-deficient diet affects the interaction at the uptake level. We did not observe any differences in Fe+2 uptake between normal and iron-deficient brush border membrane vesicles, even when the iron status contrast was intensified by feeding a high iron versus iron-deficient diet for 3 weeks. Equimolar Zn+2 and Mn+2 decreased Fe+2 uptake by 29 to 50% and II to 39%, respectively. Iron deficiency did Plot alter these effects. Equimolar Fe+2 decreased Zn+2 uptake by 13 to 22%. Calcium, included as a negative control, did not affect Fe+2 uptake. Thus, some competition between Fe+2 and similar divalent cations does occur at the level of the brush border membrane; the exact nature of this competition remains to be determined C1 CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP WIEN, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 5 IS 12 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(94)90011-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA PV516 UT WOS:A1994PV51600002 ER PT J AU BERLIN, E BHATHENA, SJ JUDD, JT CLEVIDENCE, BA PETERS, RC AF BERLIN, E BHATHENA, SJ JUDD, JT CLEVIDENCE, BA PETERS, RC TI HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE FLUIDITY AND INSULIN BINDING ARE INDEPENDENT OF DIETARY TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TRANS FATTY ACIDS; INSULIN BINDING; MEMBRANE FLUIDITY; FLUORESCENT PROBES; INSULIN RECEPTOR ID FIBROBLAST PLASMA-MEMBRANE; LIPID-COMPOSITION; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ADULT MEN; RECEPTORS; UNSATURATION; CHOLESTEROL; DOMAINS; CELLS AB Substitution of selected saturated fatty acids of the diet of 29 men and 29 women with cis or trans monounsaturated fatty acids did not affect erythrocyte membrane fluidity, insulin binding, and the membrane cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations. Subjects were fed four different controlled diets with a total fatty acid content of 39 to 40 energy percent for four 6-week periods in a Latin square design. The diets were: (I) high oleic acid (16.7 energy percent oleic); (2) moderate trans (3.8 energy percent trans fatty acids); (3) high trans (6.6 energy percent trans fatty acids); and saturated (16.2 energy percent lauric + myristic + palmitic acids). There were no significant diet effects on red cell ghost fluidity determined by fluorescence polarization of the hydrocarbon probe 1, 6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and the polar analog trimethylammnonium-DPH (TMA-DPH). There were limited died effects on fluidity of membranes as determined with DPH-propionic acid (DPH-PA) for the men. Insulin binding was more closely associated with anisotropy of fluorescence of the surface probe, DPH-PA, than with that of the other probes, which is compatible with the localization of the insulin receptor in a domain at the cell membrane surface. RP BERLIN, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,BHNRC,BARC E,LIPID & CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LABS,BLDG 307,RM 326,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 5 IS 12 BP 591 EP 598 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(94)90014-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA PV516 UT WOS:A1994PV51600005 ER PT J AU LICHTENFELS, JR AF LICHTENFELS, JR TI INTRODUCTION OF PRESIDENT LICHTENFELS BY MURRELL,DARWIN - PRESIDENTIAL-ADDRESS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP LICHTENFELS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYSTEMAT & NATL PARASITE COLLECT UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 80 IS 6 BP 831 EP 840 DI 10.2307/3283431 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PZ737 UT WOS:A1994PZ73700001 PM 7799153 ER PT J AU FETTERER, RH HILL, DE AF FETTERER, RH HILL, DE TI LOCALIZATION OF PHENOL OXIDASE IN FEMALE TRICHURIS-SUIS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARVAL CUTICLE; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; PHENOLOXIDASES; EGGSHELL; PARASITES; LOSSES AB A phenol oxidase (E.C. 1.10.3.1) preparation from adult female Trichuris suis was assayed by both polarographic and spectrophotometric techniques. The T. suis enzyme oxidized most diphenols including 4-methylcatechol (4MC) and dihydroxyphenylalanine but did not oxidize tyrosine. The pH and temperature optima were 6.8 and 36 C, respectively. The K-m measured using 4MC as a substrate ranged from 0.12 to 0.4 mM. The highest phenol oxidase activity was isolated in fractions from the adult females that were enriched in eggs relative to the activity in somatic tissue from females and all male tissues that were assayed. Phenol oxidase activity was localized on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis substrate gels into 2 bands with M(r)'s of 44,000 and 53,000. An antibody to the 44,000 band recognized 2 bands of 40,000 and 45,000 M(r) on western blot analysis of the enzyme preparation. Immunocytochemical localization of anti-phenol oxidase antibody in serial cross sections of adult female worms indicates that the enzyme is found exclusively in the anterior part of the parasite in the proximal part of the uterus that is posterior to the junction with the stichosome. Eggs located in more distal parts of the reproductive system did not react with the antibody. The results indicate that a phenol oxidase is located in the fertilized eggs of adult female T. suis. It is likely that phenol oxidase contributes significantly to the chemical hardening process in the eggs when they pass out into the external environment. Inhibition of phenol oxidase may reduce the survivability of the eggs and thus minimize contamination of livestock facilities. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, HELMINTH DIS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 80 IS 6 BP 952 EP 959 DI 10.2307/3283445 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PZ737 UT WOS:A1994PZ73700019 PM 7799168 ER PT J AU HOBERG, EP LICHTENFELS, JR AF HOBERG, EP LICHTENFELS, JR TI PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE (NEMATODA), WITH AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF COEVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; CUTICULAR RIDGES; LOPEZ-NEYRA; SYNLOPHE; RUMINANTS; OSTERTAGIINAE; EVOLUTION; KEY; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamilies of the Trichostrongylidae based on 22 morphological transformation series produced a single cladogram with a consistency index (CI) = 74.2%. Monophyly for the family was supported by the structure of the female tail and copulatory bursa. Two major clades are recognized: the Cooperiinae clade with the basal Cooperiinae and Libyostrongylinae + Trichostrongylinae, and the Graphidiinae clade with the basal Graphidiinae and Ostertagiinae + Haemonchinae. Dendrograms presented by Durette-Desset (1985) (CI = 56.1%) and Lichtenfels (1987), based on the key to the Trichostrongylidae by Gibbons and Khalil (1982) (CI = 59.0%), were found to be relatively inefficient in describing character evolution and in supporting putative relationships among the subfamilies. Based on the current analysis, the intestine appears to have constituted the ancestral habitat for the trichostrongylids with the stomach/abomasum having been independently colonized in each clade. Assessment of host associations suggests extensive colonization but also a high degree of coevolution with Bovidae and Cervidae for Ostertagiinae i Haemonchinae. Biogeography for this assemblage is complex, but this analysis is compatible with a Palearctic or Eurasian origin for Cooperiinae, Haemonchinae, and Ostertagiinae. RP HOBERG, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,BLDG 1180,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 71 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 80 IS 6 BP 976 EP 996 DI 10.2307/3283448 PG 21 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PZ737 UT WOS:A1994PZ73700022 PM 7799171 ER PT J AU SCHANLER, RJ SHULMAN, RJ PRESTRIDGE, LL AF SCHANLER, RJ SHULMAN, RJ PRESTRIDGE, LL TI PARENTERAL NUTRIENT NEEDS OF VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID COPPER; ZINC; REQUIREMENTS; PHOSPHORUS; NUTRITION; ELEMENTS; CALCIUM; PRETERM; BALANCE; PROTEIN AB Objective: To determine nitrogen and mineral needs in parenterally nourished very low birth weight infants. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Neonatal intensive care unit. Patients: Twenty-four very low birth weight infants (<1.2 kg) expected to receive parenteral nutrition (PN) exclusively for 3 weeks beginning 3 days offer birth. Interventions: infants received PN solutions according to nursery protocol. Serial 24-hour balance studies were conducted twice weekly. Clinical therapies were tabulated. Main outcome measures: Intake, urinary excretion, and apparent retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, zinc, copper, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium after initiation of PN. Results: Although urinary K, Zn, Ca, P, and Mg excretion (but not N, Na, and Cu excretion) increased after PN therapy was begun, net nutrient retention increased significantly above baseline for all nutrients. Average weekly nutrient retention was significantly below intrauterine estimates of nutrient accretion for N, Na, Ca, P, and Cu; closely approximated estimates for Zn; and significantly exceeded those for K and Mg. Regression analysis was used to predict parenteral nutrient intakes that would support postnatal nutrient retentions equivalent to the intrauterine estimates. Postnatal therapy with dexamethasone affected N, P, and K excretion and retention. Conclusions: Soon after PN administration is begun, positive nutrient balance may be achieved early in the neonatal period. The magnitude of this effect remains uniform during PN administration. Adjustments in parenteral nutrient intake are needed to provide nutrient intakes sufficient to support postnatal retention at rates similar to those of intrauterine accretion. These data should be considered in the design of future studies to determine optimal PN needs of very low birth weight infants. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, NEONATOL SECT, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. BAYLOR COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL SECT, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. RP SCHANLER, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, 1100 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR-00188] NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 125 IS 6 BP 961 EP 968 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)82016-5 PN 1 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PW572 UT WOS:A1994PW57200020 PM 7996371 ER PT J AU ROSOWSKI, JR LANGENBERG, WG AF ROSOWSKI, JR LANGENBERG, WG TI THE NEAR-SPINELESS TRACHELOMONAS-GRANDIS (EUGLENOPHYCEAE) SUPERFICIALLY APPEARS SPINY BY ATTRACTING BACTERIA TO ITS SURFACE SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACTERIAL ADHESION; ENVELOPE; EUGLENOPHYTA; LORICA; MUCILAGE; TRACHELOMONAS GRANDIS ID BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; CONFERVACEA; DIATOMS AB Trachelomonas grandis Singh has a mucilaginous, highly porous mineralized lorica (envelope) generally without ornamentation except occasionally for a few short, tapered, anterior or posterior spines. However, as our first cultures of this species aged, rod-shaped structures appeared on the loricas. That these surface projections were bacteria was determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The bacteria, 2-6 mu m long with rounded apices, were oriented perpendicular to the exterior lorica surface and were attached on one end by apically produced tie-down fibers. The bacteria also secreted fibers over their entire surface, forming a network between them that collapsed during specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy. The density of the surface bacteria increased with time until the lorica took on a 'spiny'' appearance superfically similar to lorica extensions of algal origin. In mature algal specimens, an estimated 1200-1800 bacteria per lorica occurred as a monolayer, the maximum number related to the surface area of the lorica available for bacterial colonization. The bacteria, always motionless while attached, showed putative evidence of budding. Fission formed short chains of up to three cells on the lorica. Our cultures maintained this association for 8 years (1972-1979). However, cultures ordered for further study in the past year have failed to develop loricas with more than just a few bacterial cells, and ?nest have none. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP ROSOWSKI, JR (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,SCH BIOL SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1012 EP 1022 DI 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1994.01012.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QD954 UT WOS:A1994QD95400014 ER PT J AU DOANE, WM AF DOANE, WM TI BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE STARCH; BIOPOLYMERS; DEGRADABLE; EXTRUSION; FILMS; DISPOSABLE ARTICLES ID STARCH; FILMS AB Biodegradable plastics based on natural polymers are now being produced to replace nonbiodegradable plastics in several applications. Plastic articles that are used one time and then rapidly disposed of are targeted as the primary market areas. Biodegradable foams, films and molded articles for use as disposable plates and cutlery, shopping and compost bags, packaging containers and foams, and mulch films have been introduced during the last few years. Starch has received the greatest attention as a biopolymer-from which to produce biodegradable plastics. Also, starch or sugar, is being fermented either directly into biodegradable polyesters or into hydroxy acids which are subsequently polymerized into biodegradable polyesters. RP DOANE, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0970-0838 J9 J POLYM MATER JI J. Polym. Mater. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 229 EP 237 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA RC745 UT WOS:A1994RC74500001 ER PT J AU TRIMNELL, D FANTA, GF AF TRIMNELL, D FANTA, GF TI FORMULATIONS PREPARED FROM POLYACRYLAMIDE AND STARCH SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE POLYACRYLAMIDE; REDOX INITIATION; BLENDING; CHAIN TRANSFER; STARCH; GEL; MOLECULAR WEIGHT AB Acrylamide was polymerized in water with ammonium persulfate/triethanolamine initiation, and the resulting polymer gels were blended with excess starch in either-a ball mill or Sigma mixer to dewater the gel and to deposit polyacrylamide (PAA) onto the starch granules. Deposition of PAA occurred on only a minor fraction of the starch added. The major portion of added starch was free of significant amounts of PAA and could be separated by sieving from the coarser PAA-containing fraction. High molecular weight PAA (M(w) 19.3 x 10(6)) was reduced in molecular weight when the gel was either blended with starch or precipitated by high speed stirring with methanol. Lower molecular weight PAA (M(w) 2.5 x 10(6)) was not significantly affected by these processing conditions. Polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of starch yielded PAA of reduced molecular weight, suggesting that starch is acting as a chain transfer agent in these polymerizations. The conversion of monomer to polymer was also lowered in the presence of high concentrations of starch. RP TRIMNELL, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0970-0838 J9 J POLYM MATER JI J. Polym. Mater. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA RC745 UT WOS:A1994RC74500006 ER PT J AU PEREZ, MD ABRAMS, SA KOENNING, G STUFF, JE OBRIEN, KO ELLIS, KJ AF PEREZ, MD ABRAMS, SA KOENNING, G STUFF, JE OBRIEN, KO ELLIS, KJ TI MINERAL METABOLISM IN CHILDREN WITH DERMATOMYOSITIS SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM ABSORPTION; STABLE ISOTOPES; JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS ID JUVENILE RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; BONE; OSTEOPOROSIS; DENSITY; THERAPY AB Objective. To measure calcium metabolism in 12 children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). Methods, We used dual-tracer stable isotope studies to measure calcium metabolism in 12 children with JDM and a group of 43 healthy children (Group HC) of similar ages. Five of the JDM subjects were receiving steroids (Group JDM-ST) and 7 were not (Group JDM-NS). Results, The rate of calcium absorption in Group JDM-ST was lower than that in Group HC (19 +/- 10% vs 30 +/- 11%, p <0.05). The lower rate of absorption was associated with a net loss of calcium each day (calculated calcium retention, V-bal, of -35 +/- 14 mg/day,compared to +/- 140 +/- 97 mg/day in Group HC, p <0.01). Group JDM NS showed slightly lower calcium absorption than Group HC and significantly lower V-bal (+33 +/- 70 mg/day, p <0.01 vs Group HC) than Group HC. Group JDM-ST subjects also had decreased bone calcium deposition rates. Conclusion. Patients with JDM may be at risk for significant loss of bone mineral associated with decreased calcium absorption, especially in the acute phase of their disease when they are receiving steroid therapy. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,PEDIAT RHEUMATOL SECT,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2364 EP 2369 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA PX446 UT WOS:A1994PX44600035 PM 7699644 ER PT J AU WINISTORFER, SG SOLTIS, LA AF WINISTORFER, SG SOLTIS, LA TI LATERAL AND WITHDRAWAL STRENGTH OF NAIL CONNECTIONS FOR MANUFACTURED HOUSING SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Current methods used in the design of nailed connections do not directly relate to the types of joints found in manufactured housing. These methods do not account for the construction practices used today, such as power nailing equipment, the use of nails with coated shanks, or the fabrication of joints with filler materials separating main wood members. A total of 640 joints were tested to investigate the effects of these five variables on lateral and withdrawal strength of nails: (1) Two wood species groups; (2) low- and high-humidity environments; (3) hand- and power-driven nails; (4) uncoated and coated nail shanks; and (5) presence or absence of filler material in a joint. Tests verified that lateral strength increases with increasing wood density and that as environments become less humid and the moisture content of wood decreases, lateral strength and stiffness of nailed connections increase. In the dry environment, the withdrawal strength of coated nails was almost 90% higher than that of uncoated nails in joints with an oriented strandboard (OSB) filler and almost 40% higher when no filler was used. In high-humidity conditions, no differences were observed between joints with coated nails and those with uncoated nails. In most other cases, the OSB filler reduced withdrawal strength by an overall average of 25%. This reduction is proportional to the amount of penetration into the solid wood member; therefore, nail length should be increased when an OSB filler is present. RP WINISTORFER, SG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1994 VL 120 IS 12 BP 3577 EP 3594 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:12(3577) PG 18 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA PU382 UT WOS:A1994PU38200011 ER PT J AU MUSSELMAN, RC MCOOL, PM LEFOHN, AS AF MUSSELMAN, RC MCOOL, PM LEFOHN, AS TI OZONE DESCRIPTORS FOR AN AIR-QUALITY STANDARD TO PROTECT VEGETATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TOP FIELD CHAMBERS; PLANT CUTICLES; GAS-EXCHANGE; EXPOSURE; RESISTANCES; PERMEABILITY; CONDUCTANCE; DEPOSITION; SURFACE; AMBIENT AB Exposure of plants to ozone (O3) causes injury and reduced growth. Describing the form and function of the O3 exposure in relation to plant response is important in the regulatory process. Research has shown that plants show greater response to O3 as concentration increases. The duration of the O3 exposure is also important in the ability of vegetation to maintain O3 repair mechanisms. The O3 entering the leaf is important in plant response, thus O3 fluxes are more important than ambient concentrations. However, at this time an air quality stanard useful for the regulatory process should be based on ambient O3 exposures. The selection of O3 exposure descriptors should incorporate factors pertinent to plant response. Research suggests that exposure descriptors which give greater weight to peak concentrations, and those which account for cumulative exposure, show the closest relationship to plant response. Ozone exposure summaries using concentration averages do not adequately relate plant response with ambient exposures. Although the use of cumulative exposure indices may be preferable to seasonal means, it appears that the use of a single-parameter exposure index will not guarantee that the most important components of exposure have been captured. An appropriate alternative approach might use a combination of indices, such as a cumulative index and the number of hourly average concentrations above a threshold. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. ASL & ASSOCIATES,HELENA,MT 59601. RP MUSSELMAN, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1383 EP 1390 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PX409 UT WOS:A1994PX40900007 ER PT J AU SALTZMAN, JR KEMP, JA GOLNER, BB PEDROSA, MC DALLAL, GE RUSSELL, RM AF SALTZMAN, JR KEMP, JA GOLNER, BB PEDROSA, MC DALLAL, GE RUSSELL, RM TI EFFECT OF HYPOCHLORHYDRIA DUE TO OMEPRAZOLE TREATMENT OR ATROPHIC GASTRITIS ON PROTEIN-BOUND VITAMIN-B-12 ABSORPTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; OMEPRAZOLE; VITAMIN-B-12; INTESTINAL ABSORPTION; COBALAMIN; BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH ID SERUM COBALAMIN LEVELS; CO-57 VITAMIN-B12; LOOP SYNDROME; BLIND LOOP; MALABSORPTION; DEFICIENCY; ANEMIA; MACROCYTOSIS; BACTERIA AB Objective: To investigate the effects of hypochlorhydria and acidic drink ingestion on protein-bound vitamin Bit absorption in elderly subjects. Methods: Absorption of protein-bound vitamin B-12 was examined in elderly normal subjects (n = 8), and in hypochlorhydric subjects due to omeprazole treatment (n = 8) or with atrophic gastritis (n = 3). Subjects underwent absorption tests of protein-bound vitamin Bit ingested with water, cranberry juice and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Results: Protein-bound vitamin B-12 absorption was lower in the omeprazole-treated group (0.50%) compared to the normal group (1.21%; p < 0.001). With cranberry juice ingestion, the omeprazole-treated group showed an increase in absorbed protein-bound vitamin B-12 (p = 0.025). With dilute hydrochloric acid ingestion, there was a further increase in vitamin B-12 absorption (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Omeprazole causes protein-bound vitamin B-12 malabsorption, and ingestion of an acidic drink improves protein-bound vitamin B-12 absorption. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 38 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 6 BP 584 EP 591 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PW326 UT WOS:A1994PW32600010 PM 7706591 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, RS AF PATTERSON, RS TI GOUCK,HARRY,KYDD 1913-1994 - OBITUARY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Item About an Individual RP PATTERSON, RS (reprint author), USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 598 EP 598 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QC575 UT WOS:A1994QC57500024 ER PT J AU KUK, MS HRON, RJ AF KUK, MS HRON, RJ TI SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION OF COTTONSEED WITH COSOLVENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CARBON DIOXIDE; COSOLVENT; COTTONSEED LIPIDS; ETHANOL; EXTRACTION; GOSSYPOL; HEXANE; PHOSPHATIDES; POLYSACCHARIDES; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID ID ETHANOL AB Extraction of cottonseed lipids with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was conducted with and without a co-solvent, ethanol or 2-propanol (IPA). At 7000 psi and 80 degrees C, the reduced pressure, temperature and density of SC-CO2 was at 6.5, 1.17 and 1.85, respectively; the specific gravity was 0.87. Under these conditions, CO2 is denser than most liquid extraction agents such as hexane, ethanol and IPA. The extraction of cottonseed with SC-CO2 gave a yield of more than 30% (moisture-free basis). This is comparable to yields obtained by the more commonly used solvent, hexane. The crude cottonseed oil extracted by SC-CO2 was visually lighter than refined cottonseed oil. This was substantiated by colorimetric measurements. No gossypol was detected in the crude oil. However, crude oil extracted by SC-CO2, to which less than 5% of ethanol or IPA as co solvent was added, contained ca. 200 ppm of gossypol, resulting in the typical dark color of cottonseed crude oil with gossypol. CO2, extracted a small amount of cottonseed phosphatides, about one-third of that extracted by pure ethanol, IPA or hexane. A second extraction with 100% ethanol or IPA after the initial SC-CO2 extraction produced a water soluble lipid fraction that contained a significant amount of gossypol, ranging between 1500 and 5000 ppm. Because pure gossypol is practically insoluble in water, this fraction is believed to be made up of gossypol complexed with polysaccharides and phosphatides. RP KUK, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1353 EP 1356 DI 10.1007/BF02541354 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PY267 UT WOS:A1994PY26700010 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE MCNEILL, GP JUN, W AF SONNET, PE MCNEILL, GP JUN, W TI LIPASE OF GEOTRICHUM-CANDIDUM IMMOBILIZED ON SILICA-GEL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE FATTY ACID SELECTIVITY; GEOTRICHUM CANDIDUM; IMMOBILIZED; LIPASE ID CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION; SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITIES; WATER ACTIVITY; FATTY-ACID; PURIFICATION; BIOCATALYSIS; DEPENDENCE; CLONING; MEDIA; OILS AB Silica gel is a useful support for the lipases of Geotrichum candidum. Esterification of selected fatty acids and alcohols proceeded to 85-92% conversion in hydrocarbon solvents, and the degree of esterification was increased to 96-98% by adding 4 Angstrom molecular sieves at later stages of reaction. The equilibrium ratio of ester to fatty acid (butyl oleate to oleic) was determined for the supported lipase in a number of solvents and ranged from 92:8 in hexane and isooctane to 16:84 in t-butanol. The essential character of the enzyme seemed unimpaired by deposition onto silica gel as judged by fatty acid selectivity and stereoselectivity. RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, LIPIDS & WOOL RES UNIT, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1421 EP 1423 DI 10.1007/BF02541366 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PY267 UT WOS:A1994PY26700022 ER PT J AU JACKS, TJ AF JACKS, TJ TI OILSEED PROTEIN SOLUBILITY AFTER EXPOSURE TO HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE CUCURBITACEAE; CUCURBITIN; GLOBULIN; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; OILSEED; PROTEIN; PROTEIN SOLUBILITY AB Cucurbitin, a physicochemically typical oilseed storage protein from pumpkin and other cucurbits, was treated with 20% H2O2 for periods up to 36 h to determine the length of exposure needed to render it water soluble. Maximum solubility was reached in 8 h from virtual insolubility and started decreasing after about 12 h. These results not only indicate that H2O2 was effective in rendering oilseed protein water-soluble and can be used to prepare several ratios of soluble-to insoluble protein products, but also show the lengths of exposure needed to obtain the required solubilities. RP JACKS, TJ (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1429 EP 1430 DI 10.1007/BF02541368 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PY267 UT WOS:A1994PY26700024 ER PT J AU LEHMAN, JR WEIGEL, RM HALL, WF TAFT, AC AF LEHMAN, JR WEIGEL, RM HALL, WF TAFT, AC TI ERADICATION OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS FROM 3 LARGE SWINE HERDS ACHIEVED BY MANAGEMENT INTERVENTION AND USE OF A VACCINE WITH A DELETION FOR GLYCOPROTEIN-I SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE PORCINE SPECIES; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; VACCINATION ID AUJESZKYS DISEASE VIRUS; PIGS; ANTIBODIES; ILLINOIS; PROGRAM; STRAINS; GI AB Three large farrow-to-finish swine herds in Illinois, quarantined because of infection with pseudorabies virus (PRV), were enrolled in an intensified PRV eradication program, with the goal being release from quarantine within 3 years. The intervention plan primarily relied on vaccination, wing a vaccine with a deletion of the genes coding for glycoprotein I, in breeding and growing/finishing pigs and decreases of movement and mixing of growing/finishing pigs. The initial goal was to decrease viral spread in the growing/finishing pigs, thereby enabling production of seronegative replacement gilts. Off-site rearing of replacement gilts was implemented in 1 recently infected herd in which the seroprevalence in the growing/finishing group was high. Results of bimonthly serologic monitoring indicated that there was minimal spread of PRV in the growing/finishing pigs after 1 year. Increases in the number of sows culled combined with an increase in the number of seronegative replacement gilts entering the breeding group resulted in a reduction of sow seroprevalence, so that phased test and removal of seropositive breeding stock could commence in all 3 herds at about 18 months after initiation of the program. Persistent use of the test-and-removal procedure and repeated testing for release from quarantine were required for the most recently infected herd. All herds were released from quarantine within 3 years, indicating that a PRV eradication program based on vaccination and management changes designed to minimize the spread of PRV can be wed in conjunction with test-and-removal procedures to effectively eliminate PRV from large farrow-to-finish swine herds. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,ATLANTIC VET COLL,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,ATLANTIC VET COLL,DEPT VET CLIN MED,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VS,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 205 IS 11 BP 1581 EP 1587 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PU305 UT WOS:A1994PU30500027 PM 7730129 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP AF DUBEY, JP TI TOXOPLASMOSIS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GONDII TISSUE CYSTS; UNITED-STATES; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; FELINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; CATS; PORK; PIGS; OOCYSTS; VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 55 TC 186 Z9 198 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1994 VL 205 IS 11 BP 1593 EP 1598 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PU305 UT WOS:A1994PU30500030 PM 7730132 ER PT J AU ANGRADI, TR AF ANGRADI, TR TI TROPHIC LINKAGES IN THE LOWER COLORADO RIVER - MULTIPLE STABLE-ISOTOPE EVIDENCE SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE COLORADO RIVER; DAM; STABLE ISOTOPES; C-13; N-15; S-34; SESTON; FOOD WEBS; TROPHIC LEVEL; GAMMARUS; CLADOPHORA; FISH AB Trophic linkages in Glen and Grand Canyons of the lower Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam were examined using multiple stable isotope analysis. The deltaC-13 values of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and the deltaC-13, deltaN-15, and deltaS-34 values of seston, aquatic and terrestrial plants, and aquatic animals were determined. The deltaC-13 value of DIC varied among sites. DIC from the epilimnion of the reservoir (Lake Powell) and from a tributary was more C-13-enriched than DIC in the Colorado River, probably as a result of variation in aquatic primary production and dissolution of carbonate among sites. Four potential bases of aquatic secondary production: upland vegetation, riparian vegetation, reservoir plankton, and benthic algae were isotopically (deltaC-13 and deltaN-15) distinct from each other. Analysis of deltaC-13, deltaN-15, and deltaS-34 showed that seston from the dam tailwater (Glen Canyon) consisted of lotic algae and zooplankton from Lake Powell, except for the ultra fine fraction (<0.053 mm) which was derived from Lake Powell particulate organic matter. Longitudinal variation in the composition of Glen Canyon seston was generally small. Seston from a tributary (the Paria River) was derived from a mixture of upland and riparian vegetation and was isotopically distinct from Colorado River seston. Isotope analysis revealed three trophic levels in Glen Canyon: algae (Cladophora glomerata and diatoms), macroinvertebrates (e.g., Gammarus lacustris and chironomids), and fish (primarily rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout also consumed zooplankton exported from Lake Powell. Direct assimilation of algal N by trout was not indicated despite the high incidence of algae in trout stomachs. Isotope values of fishes (trout and speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculus) from Grand Canyon tributaries reflected variation in the trophic basis of fish production; one tributary fish population appeared to be supported by tributary autochthonous production or mainstem organic matter sources, and others were linked to riparian or upland organic matter inputs. RP ANGRADI, TR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,PARSONS,WV 26287, USA. NR 0 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 7 U2 37 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. North American Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 479 EP 495 DI 10.2307/1467845 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PY263 UT WOS:A1994PY26300004 ER PT J AU SCHANG, LM KUTISH, GF OSORIO, FA AF SCHANG, LM KUTISH, GF OSORIO, FA TI CORRELATION BETWEEN PRECOLONIZATION OF TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA BY ATTENUATED STRAINS OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS AND RESISTANCE TO WILD-TYPE VIRUS LATENCY SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; RAT VISUAL-SYSTEM; AUJESZKYS DISEASE; PRIMARY INFECTION; THYMIDINE KINASE; MICE; GENE; DNA; GLYCOPROTEINS; PATHOGENESIS AB We compared the levels of latent pseudorabies virus (PRV) DNA in trigeminal ganglia (TG) of pigs after intranasal inoculation of different PRV strains by using quantitative DNA PCR. The extent of colonization attained in each case varied significantly according to the type of strain and inoculum dose, wild-type (WT) PRV being the most efficient strain in colonizing TG. When groups of pigs representing different levels of precolonization of TG with an attenuated PRV strain were challenged with WT PRV, it became evident that there is a statistically significant inverse correlation between the extent of precolonization attained by an attenuated PRV strain in TG and the level of establishment of latency by superinfecting WT PRV. The protection against WT PRV latency did not correlate with the extent of CVT PRV replication at the portal of entry. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,INST AGR & NAT RESOURCES,DEPT VET BIOMED SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 68 IS 12 BP 8470 EP 8476 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA PR432 UT WOS:A1994PR43200100 PM 7966645 ER PT J AU BROWN, JL SCHOENEMANN, HM RAATH, JP DEVOS, V BUSH, M AF BROWN, JL SCHOENEMANN, HM RAATH, JP DEVOS, V BUSH, M TI SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF CATIONIC MINERALS IN FREE-RANGING ELEPHANTS (LOXODONTA-AFRICANA) IN THE KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE AFRICAN ELEPHANT; LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; ANESTHESIA; CATIONIC MINERALS AB Blood samples were collected from 22 free-ranging adult African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, and analyzed for concentrations of serum sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and iron. Fourteen of the animals (males) were anesthetized at the time of sample collection; the remaining samples were obtained from male (n = 4) and female (n = 4) elephants during an annual population control program. There were no gender differences in mineral concentrations among culled elephants. Serum calcium, magnesium, copper, and sodium concentrations also were similar between anesthetized and culled animals. In contrast, serum potassium and zinc concentrations were higher and serum iron concentration was lower in culled elephants than in anesthetized animals. C1 CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. KRUGER NATL PK,SKUKUZA 1350,SOUTH AFRICA. RP BROWN, JL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ANIM HLTH,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 25 IS 4 BP 495 EP 499 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QJ337 UT WOS:A1994QJ33700002 ER PT J AU VANHEES, WWS AF VANHEES, WWS TI A FRACTAL MODEL OF VEGETATION COMPLEXITY IN ALASKA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALASKA; COMPLEXITY; FRACTAL; VEGETATION AB A methodology using fractals to measure vegetation complexity in three regions of Alaska is presented. Subjective, binomial (0 = simple, 1 = complex) classifications of the complexity of mapped vegetation polygon patterns within continuous forest inventory plots measured in the regions were made by interpreters of aerial photographs. The fractal dimensions of the vegetation patterns within the plots then were estimated. Subsequently, the subjective classifications of the photo-interpreted plots were regressed against fractal dimension by using logistic regression. Assessment of interobserver agreement among the aerial photo interpreters, by using estimated unweighted Kappa coefficients, indicated substantial classification agreement among observers. Examination of general versus regional applicability of the logistic models provided strong support for applicability of a single model to all three regions. The logistic model provides numerical identification of the division between simple and complex patterns. Possible applications beyond the needs of the study are discussed. RP VANHEES, WWS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3301 C ST,SUITE 200,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPB ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 11188, 1001 GD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA PX895 UT WOS:A1994PX89500004 ER PT J AU KUYKENDALL, LD ABDELWAHAB, SM HASHEM, FM VANBERKUM, P AF KUYKENDALL, LD ABDELWAHAB, SM HASHEM, FM VANBERKUM, P TI SYMBIOTIC COMPETENCE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF RHIZOBIUM STRAINS USED AS INOCULANTS FOR ALFALFA AND BERSEEM CLOVER SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPONICUM; NODULATION; TRIFOLII; HOMOLOGY AB To provide the necessary information for strain improvement and the development of competitive strains, characterization of some agronomically important inoculant Rhizobium strains specific for either alfalfa or berseem clover is an ongoing project in this laboratory. Plasmid DNA content and identification of symbiosis-controlling plasmids were previously determined. In this study, to determine their symbiotic competence and their apparent genetic diversity, plant tests and RFLP analysis of total DNAs were conducted. Symbiotic effectiveness varied significantly among the Rh. meliloti strains but not among the berseem clover symbionts. Only one strain, Rh. meliloti ARC 104, was symbiotically ineffective. RFLP analysis using a ribosomal RNA operon probe, with three different enzyme digests, produced four related groups which correlated with plasmid profiles. The use of a nifHD gene probe produced similar results which clustered the berseem clover microsymbionts but more clearly separated two distinct groups of Rh. meliloti. A cosmid clone, from a Rh. leguminosarum biovar trifolii T24 gene library, distinguished each strain. This new information will be useful in identifying and producing improved recombinant strains by plasmid transfer. C1 ARC,SOIL & WATER RES INST,GIZA,EGYPT. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP KUYKENDALL, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 19 IS 6 BP 477 EP 482 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00986.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PW408 UT WOS:A1994PW40800020 ER PT J AU YOO, J STONE, RT KAPPES, SM BEATTIE, CW AF YOO, J STONE, RT KAPPES, SM BEATTIE, CW TI LINKAGE ANALYSIS OF BOVINE INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE-I AND TYPE-II (IL-1R-I, IL-1R-II) SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Note ID EXPRESSION; CLONING; CELLS; GENE RP YOO, J (reprint author), USDA,ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166 CLAY CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD DEC PY 1994 VL 5 IS 12 BP 820 EP 821 DI 10.1007/BF00292024 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA PZ352 UT WOS:A1994PZ35200019 PM 7894170 ER PT J AU BRAY, MS WONG, WW MORROW, JR BUTTE, NF PIVARNIK, JM AF BRAY, MS WONG, WW MORROW, JR BUTTE, NF PIVARNIK, JM TI CALTRAC VERSUS CALORIMETER DETERMINATION OF 24-H ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IN FEMALE-CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE ACTIVITY; CRITERION; KILOCALORIE; VALIDATION ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY LEVELS; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; HEART-RATE; PORTABLE ACCELEROMETER; MOTION SENSORS; RELIABILITY; VALIDATION; ACCURACY; FITNESS AB The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the Caltrac accelerometer for estimating 24-h energy expenditure (EE) in children and adolescents. EE for 40 girls (13.0 +/-: 1.8 yr) was assessed for 24 h via indirect calorimetry in whole-room calorimeters. EE and activity level were estimated concurrently by two Caltrac accelerometers placed on the subjects at each hip. Significant correlations (P < 0.001) resulted between Caltrac estimates and calorimeter values for 24-h total EE (TEE, r = 0.80), sedentary daily EE (SDEE, r = 0.84), and waking EE (WEE, r = 0.85). Nonetheless, the Caltrac significantly (P < 0.001) underestimated EE in all experimental conditions (TEE: -13.3 +/- 8.6%; SDEE: -6.8 +/- 7.3%; WEE: -30.4 +/- 8.5%). A significant multiple correlation between calorimeter values and a combination of Caltrac activity counts and body weight (R = 0.86, P < 0.001) suggested these variables could be useful for daily EE estimation. Additional analyses indicated that as EE increased, the absolute difference between Caltrac and calorimeter values also increased. The significant correlations between Caltrac and calorimeter values suggest the Caltrac may be useful for assessing daily caloric expenditure for groups of children. C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT KINESIOL HLTH PROMOT & RECREAT,DENTON,TX 76203. RP BRAY, MS (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,CTR DEMOG & POPULAT GENET,GRAD SCH BIOMED SCI,POB 20334,HOUSTON,TX 77225, USA. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1524 EP 1530 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA PW805 UT WOS:A1994PW80500017 PM 7869888 ER PT J AU REGISTER, KB ACKERMANN, MR KEHRLI, ME AF REGISTER, KB ACKERMANN, MR KEHRLI, ME TI NON-OPSONIC ATTACHMENT OF BORDETELLA-BRONCHISEPTICA MEDIATED BY CD11/CD18 AND CELL-SURFACE CARBOHYDRATES SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE BORDETELLA; ATTACHMENT; NEUTROPHIL ID HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RESPIRATORY BURST; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NASAL-MUCOSA; CD11B CD18; PERTUSSIS AB Porcine atrophic rhinitis associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica is characterized by a severe inflammatory response in the mucosa of the nasal turbinates. Initial infiltrates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are followed by accumulations of mononuclear cells. In this report, we have investigated the interaction between porcine PMN and B. bronchiseptica. PMN incubated in PBS with a fluorescently labeled hemagglutinating porcine isolate, but not a non-hemagglutinating variant, had high levels of cell-associated fluorescence as determined by flow cytometry. Light microscopy indicated that most cell-associated bacteria were ingested. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intracellular bacteria, which were contained within membrane-bound phagosomes. A monoclonal antibody specific for the leukocyte integrin polypeptide CD18 partially inhibited attachment of B. bronchiseptica to normal PMN but not to PMN genetically deficient in CD11/CD18 integrins. Higher levels of inhibition occurred when bacteria and normal PMN were co-incubated in the presence of galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, mannose and methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside. D-glucose, L-fucose, alpha-lactose and sialic acid had no inhibitory effect. We conclude that B. bronchiseptica is readily ingested by porcine PMN in the absence of complement and antibody and that internalization is mediated by multiple adhesion mechanisms, including CD18- and carbohydrate-dependent ones. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP REGISTER, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,MWA,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 17 IS 6 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1006/mpat.1994.1083 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA QL183 UT WOS:A1994QL18300002 PM 7752879 ER PT J AU CARRAZZA, F LIFSCHITZ, C HACHEY, D WONG, W KLEIN, P AF CARRAZZA, F LIFSCHITZ, C HACHEY, D WONG, W KLEIN, P TI DIRECT DEMONSTRATION OF WATER-ABSORPTION IN THE COLON OF INFANTS IN RELATIONSHIP TO CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INST CRIANCA,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 36 IS 6 BP 825 EP 825 DI 10.1203/00006450-199412000-00040 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PV111 UT WOS:A1994PV11100037 ER PT J AU SAFTNER, RA AF SAFTNER, RA TI STEREOSELECTIVITY AND STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS IN MOLECULAR RECOGNITION BY THE ACC TRANSPORT-SYSTEM IN ISOLATED MAIZE MESOPHYLL VACUOLES SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE AMINO ACID; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; TRANSPORT; VACUOLE; ZEA MAYS ID AMINO-ACID-TRANSPORT; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; 1-AMINO-2-ETHYLCYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLIC ACID; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; BARLEY; PROTOPLASTS; CELLS; TONOPLAST; CARRIER; COMPARTMENTATION AB The ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), is actively transported across the tonoplast of plant cells, impacting cellular compartmentation of ACC and ethylene biosynthesis. In the present study, the effects of ACC and amino acid analogs on ACC uptake into isolated maize (Zea mays L,. cv. Golden Cross Bantam) mesophyll vacuoles were investigated to identify the stereospecific and structural features that are important in molecular recognition by the ACC transport system. Of the four stereoisomers of 1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (AEC), (1S, 2R)-(-)-AEC having a configuration corresponding to an L-amino acid was the preferred substrate for the ACC transport system, competitively inhibiting ACC transport with a K-i of 18 mu M. Of 11 neutral amino acid stereoisomers, L-isomers were stronger inhibitors of ACC transport than corresponding D-isomers. Neutral L-amino acids with nonpolar side chains generally were more inhibitory than those with polar side chains, whereas several cationic and anionic L-amino acids were ineffective antagonists of ACC transport. These observations suggest that the ACC transport system is stereospecific for relatively nonpolar, neutral L-amino acids. This conclusion was supported by the observation that group additions, substitutions, or deletions at the carboxyl, alpha-amino and the Pro-(R) methylene or hydrogen moieties (analogous to D-amino acids) of ACC and other neutral amino acids and analogs essentially eliminated transport inhibition. In contrast, L-amino acid analogs with variable substitutions at the distal end of the molecule remained antagonists. The relative activity of analogs was influenced by the length and degree of unsaturation of the side chain and by the location of side chain branching. Increasing the ring size of ACC analogs reduced antagonism whereas incorporating the alpha-amino group into the ring structure as an L-amino acid increased antagonism. The kinetics of L-methoxyvinylglycine, L-methionine, p-nitro-L-phenylalanine and 1-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid were competitive with K-i values of 3, 13, 16 and 19 mu M, respectively. These results indicate that the ACC transport system can be classified as a neutral L-amino acid carrier having a relatively high affinity for ACC and other nonpolar amino acids. The results also suggest that the carrier interacts with the carboxyl, alpha-amino and Pro-(R) groups and with other less restricted side chain substituents of substrate amino acids. RP SAFTNER, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HORT CROPS QUAL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-9317 EI 1399-3054 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 543 EP 554 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PY375 UT WOS:A1994PY37500002 ER PT J AU DUFFY, BK WELLER, DM AF DUFFY, BK WELLER, DM TI A SEMISELECTIVE AND DIAGNOSTIC MEDIUM FOR GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BARLEY; TRITICUM AESTIVUM L; HORDEUM VULGARE L; 25-DESACETYLRIFAMPICIN ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TAKE-ALL FUNGUS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ROOT-ROT; SEED TREATMENTS; WINTER-WHEAT; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; 25-DESACETYLRIFAMPICIN AB Isolation of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, causal agent of take-all, from wheat tissues often is complicated by the presence of Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Fusarium spp. or secondary fungal colonists. Because G. g. tritici does not typically sporulate in culture, identification of putative isolates is based on cultural characteristics, pathogenicity tests, and production of perithecia on infected tissue. A semiselective medium designated R-PDA was developed that aids in the isolation and identification of G. g. tritici. The medium consists of dilute potato-dextrose agar amended with 100 mu g ml(-1) rifampicin and 10 mu g ml(-1) tolclofosmethyl. Identification of G. g. tritici is aided based on its ability to alter the color of rifampicin in R-PDA from orange to purple. This reaction occurs in as little as 24 h. R-PDA was more effective in isolating putative isolates of G. g. tritici from wheat with symptoms of take-all than was SM-GGT3, another semiselective medium for G. graminis var. tritici. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP DUFFY, BK (reprint author), ETH ZURICH,INST PLANT SCI PHYTOMED,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 1994 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1407 EP 1415 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-1407 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QA090 UT WOS:A1994QA09000007 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, KB PINKERTON, JN GAUDERAULT, SM STONE, JK AF JOHNSON, KB PINKERTON, JN GAUDERAULT, SM STONE, JK TI INFECTION OF EUROPEAN HAZELNUT BY ANISOGRAMMA-ANOMALA - SITE OF INFECTION AND EFFECT OF HOST DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EASTERN FILBERT BLIGHT ID EASTERN FILBERT BLIGHT; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The concentration of ascospores of Anisogramma anomala required to infect 50% of spray-inoculated shoots of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) was 7 X 10(4) and 2 X 10(5) spores per milliliter for seedlings of cvs. Ennis and Royal, respectively. Placement of A. anomala ascospores (5 X 10(6) per milliliter) on the shoot internode immediately below the apical meristem resulted in 79% infection of inoculated seedlings. In contrast, ascospores applied onto the second, third, or fourth shoot internode below the meristem resulted in 32, 9, and 6% infection of seedlings, respectively. Similarly, incidence of infection after inoculation of the expanding leaf nearest the apical meristem averaged 64%, but only 19, 7, and 2% when ascospores were applied onto the second, third, or fourth leaf from the meristem, respectively. Ascospores spray-inoculated (1 X 10(5) spores per milliliter) onto vegetative buds and shoots at various stages of development resulted in infection of 0% of dormant buds, 63% of buds with leaf tips emerged, 79% of buds with a full leaf emerged, 88% of elongating shoots with two to four nodes, 29% of elongating shoots with eight to ten nodes, and 0% of shoots that had stopped adding new growth late in the season. Hazelnut buds infested with an eriophyid bud mite, Phytoptus avellanae, were not more susceptible to infection by A. anomala than noninfested buds as had been reported previously. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP JOHNSON, KB (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 1994 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1465 EP 1470 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-1465 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QA090 UT WOS:A1994QA09000015 ER PT J AU LI, YM CHANEY, RL SCHNEITER, AA AF LI, YM CHANEY, RL SCHNEITER, AA TI EFFECT OF SOIL CHLORIDE LEVEL ON CADMIUM CONCENTRATION IN SUNFLOWER KERNELS SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE CADMIUM; CHLORIDE; SUNFLOWER KERNEL ID SULFATE; CD; ACCUMULATION; AVAILABILITY; PARAMETERS; NITRATE; TOBACCO AB Understanding soil factors related to cadmium (Cd) uptake and accumulation in plants is important for development of agronomic technologies, and breeding strategy to produce low Cd crops. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of soluble salts (chloride and sulfate) and other soil factors on the Cd concentration in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) kernels. Commercial nonoilseed hybrid kernels and soils were sampled from 22 farmer's production fields in North Dakota and Minnesota. The sites sampled included saline and nonsaline variants from 7 soil series. Soils were sampled at four depths. Relationships between kernel Cd level and soil physical and chemical characteristics were examined. The soil pH covered a narrow range (7.3-8.1) at these sampled sites. Regression analysis showed that there was no correlation between kernel Cd and soil pH at any depth. The kernel Cd level was highly correlated with DTPA-extractable Cd in all 4 depths, and with clay content in sub-soils. Soil chloride and sulfate concentrations varied among soil series and within soil series. The absence of a statistically significant effect of soil sulfate level on kernel Cd concentration, indicated that soil sulfate levels did not affect Cd uptake by sunflower plants. However, soil chloride levels in sub-soil were correlated with kernel Cd. The most important soil factor was DTPA-extractable Cd. When chloride was included in the multiple regression equations, R square (R(2)) values improved significantly. These results demonstrate that soil chloride concentration is another important factor related to Cd uptake in sunflower plants. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP LI, YM (reprint author), USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 66 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 1994 VL 167 IS 2 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1007/BF00007954 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QL924 UT WOS:A1994QL92400013 ER PT J AU MURRAY, TD DELAPENA, RC YILDIRIM, A JONES, SS AF MURRAY, TD DELAPENA, RC YILDIRIM, A JONES, SS TI A NEW SOURCE OF RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOCERCOSPORELLA-HERPOTRICHOIDES, CAUSE OF EYESPOT DISEASE OF WHEAT, LOCATED ON CHROMOSOME-4V OF DASYPYRUM-VILLOSUM SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM AESTIVUM; PSEUDOCERCOSPORELLA HERPOTRICHOIDES; EYESPOT DISEASE; NEW RESISTANCE GENE ID L CANDARGY; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; REGISTRATION; GENE AB Resistance to Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in live wheat cultivars, accession W6 7283 of Dasypyrum villosum, and 'Chinese Spring' disomic addition lines of the D. villosum chromosomes 1V, 2V, 4V, 5V, 6V and 7V, was evaluated in seedlings by measuring disease progress 6 weeks after inoculation with a beta-glucuronidase-transformed strain of the pathogen and by visual estimates of disease severity. D. villosum and the disomic addition line of chromosome 4V were as resistant as wheat cultivars 'VPM-1' and 'Cappelle Desprez', but less resistant than 'Rendezvous'. Resistance of the chromosome 4V disomic addition line was equivalent to that of D. villosum. 'Chinese Spring' and disomic addition lines of 1V, 2V, 5V, 6V and 7V were all susceptible. These results confirm SPRAGUE's (1936) report of resistance in D. villosum to P. herpotrichoides and establish the chromosomal location for the genes controlling resistance. The presence of chromosome 4V in the addition line and its homoeology to chromosome 4 in wheat were confirmed by Southern analysis of genomic DNA using chromosome group 4-specific clones. This genetic locus is not homoeologous with other known genes for resistance to P. herpotrichoides located on chromosome group 7, and thus represents a new source of resistance to this pathogen. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP MURRAY, TD (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. RI Murray, Timothy/A-9771-2016 OI Murray, Timothy/0000-0002-6772-202X NR 36 TC 45 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 113 IS 4 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00737.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA QD127 UT WOS:A1994QD12700003 ER PT J AU SUBBAIAH, CC BUSH, DS SACHS, MM AF SUBBAIAH, CC BUSH, DS SACHS, MM TI ELEVATION OF CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM PRECEDES ANOXIC GENE-EXPRESSION IN MAIZE SUSPENSION-CULTURED CELLS SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; INTRACELLULAR ATP; RAT HEPATOCYTES; RUTHENIUM RED; CA2+ RELEASE; GUARD-CELLS; ZEA-MAYS; PLANT; MITOCHONDRIA AB Based on pharmacological evidence, we previously proposed that intracellular Ca2+ mediates the perception of O-2 deprivation in maize seedlings. Herein, using fluorescence imaging and photometry of Ca2+ in maize suspension-cultured cells, the proposal was further investigated. Two complementary approaches were taken: (1) real time analysis of anoxia-induced changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca](i)) and (2) experimental manipulation of [Ca](i) and then assay of the resultant anoxia-specific responses. O-2 depletion caused an immediate increase in [Ca](i), and this was reversible within a few seconds of reoxygenation. The [Ca](i) elevation proceeded independent of extracellular Ca2+. The kinetics of the Ca2+ response showed that it occurred much earlier than any detectable changes in gene expression. Ruthenium red blocked the anoxic [Ca(])i elevation and also the induction of adh1 (encoding alcohol dehydrogenase) and sh1 (encoding sucrose synthase) mRNA. Ca2+, when added along with ruthenium red, prevented the effects of the antagonist on the anoxic responses. Verapamil and bepridil failed to block the [Ca](i) rise induced by anoxia and were equally ineffective on anoxic gene expression. Caffeine induced an elevation of [Ca](i) as well as ADH activity under normoxia, The data provide direct evidence for [Ca]i elevation in maize cells as a result of anoxia-induced mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Furthermore, any manipulation that modified the [Ca](i) rise brought about a parallel change in the expression of two anoxia-inducible genes. Thus, these results corroborate our proposal that [Ca](i) is a physiological transducer of anoxia signals in plants. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NEWARK,NJ 07102. USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5R01 GM34740] NR 44 TC 131 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 1994 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1747 EP 1762 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA PZ140 UT WOS:A1994PZ14000007 PM 7866021 ER PT J AU LINCOLN, C LONG, J YAMAGUCHI, J SERIKAWA, K HAKE, S AF LINCOLN, C LONG, J YAMAGUCHI, J SERIKAWA, K HAKE, S TI A KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENE IN ARABIDOPSIS IS EXPRESSED IN THE VEGETATIVE MERISTEM AND DRAMATICALLY ALTERS LEAF MORPHOLOGY WHEN OVEREXPRESSED IN TRANSGENIC PLANTS SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID HOMEODOMAIN-DNA INTERACTIONS; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAIZE; THALIANA; PROTEIN; COMPLEX; TRANSFORMATION AB The homeobox gene knotted1 (kn1) was first isolated by transposon tagging a dominant leaf mutant in maize. Related maize genes, isolated by virtue of sequence conservation within the homeobox, fall into two classes based on sequence similarity and expression patterns, Here, we report the characterization of two genes, KNAT1 and KNAT2 (for knotted-like from Arabidopsis thaliana) that were cloned from Arabidopsis using the kn1 homeobox as a heterologous probe. The homeodomains of KNAT1 and KNAT2 are very similar to the homeodomains of proteins encoded by class 1 maize genes, ranging from 78 to 95% amino acid identity. Overall, the deduced KNAT1 and KNAT2 proteins share amino acid identities of 53 and 40%, respectively, with the KN1 protein, Intron positions are also fairly well conserved among KNAT1, KNAT2, and kn1. Based on in situ hybridization analysis, the expression pattern of KNAT1 during vegetative development is similar to that of class 1 maize genes. In the shoot apex, KNAT1 transcript is localized primarily to the shoot apical meristem; down-regulation of expression occurs as leaf primordia are initiated. In contrast to the expression of class 1 maize genes in floral and inflorescence meristems, the expression of KNAT1 in the shoot meristem decreases during the floral transition and is restricted to the cortex of the inflorescence stem. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying the KNAT1 cDNA and the kn1 cDNA fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were generated. Misexpression of KNAT1 and kn1 resulted in highly abnormal leaf morphology that included severely lobed leaves. The expression pattern of KNAT1 in the shoot meristem combined with the results of transgenic overexpression experiments supports the hypothesis that class 1 kn1-like genes play a role in morphogenesis. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM0717] NR 75 TC 466 Z9 496 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 1994 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1859 EP 1876 DI 10.1105/tpc.6.12.1859 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA PZ140 UT WOS:A1994PZ14000015 PM 7866029 ER PT J AU KERSTETTER, R VOLLBRECHT, E LOWE, B VEIT, B YAMAGUCHI, J HAKE, S AF KERSTETTER, R VOLLBRECHT, E LOWE, B VEIT, B YAMAGUCHI, J HAKE, S TI SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AND EXPRESSION PATTERNS DIVIDE THE MAIZE KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENES INTO 2 CLASSES SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN; DOMINANT MORPHOLOGICAL MUTANT; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; LEUCINE ZIPPER; ANTENNAPEDIA HOMEODOMAIN; TARGETED DISRUPTION; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BOX GENE; ZEA-MAYS AB The homeobox of the knotted1 (kn1) gene was used to isolate 12 related sequences in maize. The homeodomains encoded by the kn1-like genes are very similar, ranging from 55 to 89% amino acid identity. Differences outside the precisely conserved third helix allowed us to group the genes into two classes. The homeodomains of the seven class 1 genes share 73 to 89% identical residues with kn1. The four class 2 genes share 55 to 58% identical residues with kn1, although the conservation within the class is greater than 87%. Expression patterns were analyzed by RNA gel blot analysis. Class 1 genes were highly expressed in meristem-enriched tissues, such as the vegetative meristem and ear primordia. Expression was not detectable in leaves. The class 2 genes were expressed in all tissues, although one was abundantly expressed in roots. The genes were mapped using recombinant inbred populations. We determined that clusters of two to three linked genes are present on chromosomes 1 and 8; otherwise, the genes are distributed throughout the genome. Four pairs of genes, similar in both sequence and expression patterns, mapped within duplicated regions of the genome. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 65 TC 245 Z9 273 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 1994 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1877 EP 1887 DI 10.1105/tpc.6.12.1877 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA PZ140 UT WOS:A1994PZ14000016 PM 7866030 ER PT J AU WILSON, JP AF WILSON, JP TI FIELD AND GREENHOUSE EVALUATIONS OF PEARL-MILLET FOR PARTIAL RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA VAR INDICA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LATENT PERIOD; RUSTING RESISTANCE; GROWTH-STAGES; LEAF RUST; WHEAT; RECONDITA; REGISTRATION; FORAGE; BARLEY; HORDEI AB Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) inbreds Tift 383, 700481-21-8, and ICMP 501 were evaluated for partial rust resistance in comparison to the susceptible inbred Tift 23DB. In field trials, area under the disease progress curves of the three inbreds were less than that of Tift 23DB when disease pressure was severe. Uredinium dimensions on seedlings 10 days after inoculation were smaller for the three inbreds than for Tift 23DB. Seedlings exhibited susceptible infection types when inoculated with four single-uredinium isolates except for a moderately resistant infection type 2 when ICMP 501 was inoculated with isolate PS89-775. Whole-plant latent periods of the three inbreds were longer than that of Tift 23DB when inoculated with a bulk rust collection, but longer only for ICMP 501 when inoculated with isolate PS92-1. No inbred was consistently more resistant than Tift 23DB across all evaluations. Tift 383, 700481-21-8, and ICMP 501 express low to moderate levels of partial resistance, which may be more consistent in expression and useful if they were combined. RP WILSON, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 78 IS 12 BP 1202 EP 1205 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PZ149 UT WOS:A1994PZ14900016 ER PT J AU BAUSKE, EM HEWINGS, AD KOLB, FL CARMER, SG AF BAUSKE, EM HEWINGS, AD KOLB, FL CARMER, SG TI VARIABILITY IN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS AND CONTROL OF EXPERIMENTAL ERROR BY USE OF EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGNS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MOSAIC-VIRUS; ELISA; SEROLOGY; STRAINS; HOST AB Seven uniformity trials were done on Nunc-Immuno IF and Dynatech Immulon 1 ''U'' microplates with two monoclonal triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine if an experimental design was necessary to control plate variability. A single uniform extract of either oat (cv. Clintland 64) tissue infected with barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (BYDV-PAV-IL) or soybean (cv. Williams 82) tissue infected with soybean mosaic potyvirus (SMV-G5) was prepared, and samples were placed in the wells of eight microplates used for each trial. For whole plates, mean absorbances varied within trials and coefficients of variability ranged from 3.8 to 20.3%. Seventeen of the 56 plates tested had one to five wells with absorbances that were outliers from the normal distribution. Nonrandomized designs of two replications of 48 treatments were also assigned to each plate. When replications of a treatment were paired in either rows or columns, differences between treatment means were confounded with row and column differences, indicating the need for an experimental design on microplates. Both the randomized complete block design and the alpha (0,1) one-restrictional resolvable incomplete block design allowed for more precision than the completely randomized design. The smaller, incomplete blocks of the alpha design afforded slightly more precision than the larger, complete blocks of the randomized complete block design. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP BAUSKE, EM (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT HORT,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 78 IS 12 BP 1206 EP 1210 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PZ149 UT WOS:A1994PZ14900017 ER PT J AU KOIKE, ST GONZALES, TG VIDAURI, M SUBBARAO, KV AF KOIKE, ST GONZALES, TG VIDAURI, M SUBBARAO, KV TI FIRST REPORT OF SCLEROTINIA MINOR AS A PATHOGEN OF CAULIFLOWER IN CALIFORNIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,SALINAS,CA. RP KOIKE, ST (reprint author), UNIV CALIF COOPERAT EXTENS,SALINAS,CA 93901, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 78 IS 12 BP 1216 EP 1216 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PZ149 UT WOS:A1994PZ14900021 ER PT J AU DUGAN, FM GROVE, GG AF DUGAN, FM GROVE, GG TI CYLINDROCARPON DIDYMUM PATHOGENIC ON APPLE SEEDLINGS IN WASHINGTON-STATE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR TREE FRUIT RES & EXTENS,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. RP DUGAN, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 78 IS 12 BP 1219 EP 1219 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PZ149 UT WOS:A1994PZ14900035 ER PT J AU WALKERSIMMONS, MK ROSE, PA SHAW, AC ABRAMS, SR AF WALKERSIMMONS, MK ROSE, PA SHAW, AC ABRAMS, SR TI THE 7'-METHYL GROUP OF ABSCISIC-ACID IS CRITICAL FOR BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY IN WHEAT EMBRYO GERMINATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ANALOGS; METABOLISM; INHIBITION AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryo germination is inhibited by natural (S)-(+)-abscisic acid (ABA). In this report we have determined critical structural features of the ABA molecule, particularly the methyl and ketone groups of the ABA ring, required for inhibitory activity. To examine the ring residues a series of new optically active ABA analogs have been synthesized in which the 4'-keto, 7'-, 8'-, or 8'- and 9'-carbons have been replaced with hydrogen atoms. Each of the analogs was tested over a range of concentrations as a germination inhibitor. Enantiomers of the analogs altered at the 4'-keto or 8'- and 9'-methyl groups were active, but less so than ABA. Both enantiomers of 7'-demethylABA were inactive as germination inhibitors. The results show that the 7'-methyl group is absolutely required for activity, but that the other residues are less critical for hormone recognition. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,INST PLANT BIOTECHNOL,SASKATOON,SK S7N 0W9,CANADA. RP WALKERSIMMONS, MK (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,209 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1279 EP 1284 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PY046 UT WOS:A1994PY04600006 ER PT J AU MUEHLBAUER, GJ SOMERS, DA MATTHEWS, BF GENGENBACH, BG AF MUEHLBAUER, GJ SOMERS, DA MATTHEWS, BF GENGENBACH, BG TI MOLECULAR-GENETICS OF THE MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) ASPARTATE KINASE HOMOSERINE DEHYDROGENASE GENE FAMILY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PAUCICOSTATA HEGELM 6746; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; THREONINE ACCUMULATION; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; ASPARTOKINASE-II; MUTANT; BARLEY AB Aspartate kinase (AK) and homoserine dehydrogenase (HSDH) are enzymes in the aspartate-derived amino acid biosynthetic pathway. Recent biochemical evidence indicates that an AK-HSDH bifunctional enzyme exists in maize (Zea mays L.). In this report, we characterize three genes that encode subunits of AK-HSDH. Two cDNAs, pAKHSDH1 and pAKHSDH2, containing the full-coding sequence, and one partial cDNA, pAKHSDH3, encode amino acid sequences similar to the reported monofunctional AK and HSDH enzymes from prokaryotes and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and to AK-HSDH bifunctional enzymes of prokaryotes, yeast, carrot (Daucus carota), and Arabidopsis thaliana. Immunological and biochemical analyses verify that the cDNAs encode AKHSDH and indicate that both the AK and HSDH activities are feedback inhibited by threonine. RNA blots identify a 3.2-kb transcript in all maize tissues examined. pAKHSDH1 and pAKHSDH2 map to chromosomes 4L and 2S, respectively. This study shows that maize contains AK-HSDH bifunctional enzyme(s) encoded by a small gene family of at least three genes. Maize AK-HSDH has conserved sequences found in communication modules of prokaryotic two-component regulatory systems, which has led us to propose that maize AK-HSDH may be involved in a similar regulatory mechanism. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 56 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1303 EP 1312 DI 10.1104/pp.106.4.1303 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PY046 UT WOS:A1994PY04600009 PM 7846152 ER PT J AU HERMAN, EM LI, XH SU, RT LARSEN, P HSU, HT SZE, H AF HERMAN, EM LI, XH SU, RT LARSEN, P HSU, HT SZE, H TI VACUOLAR-TYPE H+-ATPASES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM AND PROVACUOLES OF ROOT-TIP CELLS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASE; CLATHRIN-COATED VESICLES; SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; OAT ROOTS; HIGHER-PLANT; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES; TONOPLAST; PROTEIN; LOCALIZATION; ORGANIZATION AB To understand the origin of vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) and their cellular functions, the subcellular location of V-H+-ATPases was examined immunologically in root cells of oat seedlings. A V-ATPase complex from oat roots consists of a large peripheral sector (V-1) that includes the 70-kD (A) catalytic and the 60-kD (B) regulatory subunits. The soluble V, complex, thought to be synthesized in the cytoplasm, is assembled with the membrane integral sector (V-0) at a yet undefined location. In mature cells, V-ATPase subunits A and B, detected in immunoblots with monoclonal antibodies (Mab) (7A5 and 2E7), were associated mainly with vacuolar membranes (20-22% sucrose) fractionated with an isopycnic sucrose gradient. However, in immature root tip cells, which lack large vacuoles, most of the V-ATPase was localized with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at 28 to 31% sucrose where a major ER-resident binding protein equilibrated. The peripheral subunits were also associated with membranes at 22% sucrose, at 31 to 34% sucrose (Golgi), and in plasma membranes at 38% sucrose. Immunogold labeling of root tip cells with Mab 2E7 against subunit B showed gold particles decorating the ER as well as numerous small vesicles (0.1-0.3 mu m diameter), presumably provacuoles. The immunological detection of the peripheral subunit B on the ER supports a model in which the V-1 sector is assembled with the V-0 on the ER. These results support the model in which the central vacuolar membrane originates ultimately from the ER. The presence of V-ATPases on several endomembranes indicates that this pump could participate in diverse functional roles. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NIH,DIV RES GRANTS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 58 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1313 EP 1324 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PY046 UT WOS:A1994PY04600010 ER PT J AU MEHTA, AM SAFTNER, RA MEHTA, RA DAVIES, PJ AF MEHTA, AM SAFTNER, RA MEHTA, RA DAVIES, PJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF POSTTRANSLATIONALLY MODIFIED 18-KILODALTON PROTEIN FROM RICE AS EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION-FACTOR 5A SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPUSINE-CONTAINING PROTEIN; FACTOR EIF-4D; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TOMATO FRUIT; TRANSFER-RNA; AMINO-ACID; FACTOR 4D; POLYAMINES; SPERMIDINE; YEAST AB Using anther-derived rice (Oryza sativa L.) cell-suspension cultures, we have identified an 18-kD protein that is posttranslationally modified by spermidine and is influenced by endogenous polyamine levels. The posttranslationally modified residue has been identified as the unusual amino acid hypusine [N'-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry analyses. Differential labeling of the protein with labeled amines provided evidence that the butylamine moiety of spermidine is the immediate precursor of the hypusine residue in the protein. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (elF-5A) is the only known mammalian protein that undergoes a similar posttranslational modification with hypusine. The purified 18-kD protein co-electrophoreses with human translational initiation factor eIF-5A in both isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The purified protein from rice stimulated methionylpuromycin synthesis in vitro, indicating its functional similarity to mammalian eIF-5A. The results presented provide evidence that the posttranslationally modified 18-kD protein from rice containing hypusine is eIF-5A and suggest the conservation of hypusine-containing translation initiation factor eIF-5A in eukaryotes. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CORNELL UNIV,PLANT BIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1413 EP 1419 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PY046 UT WOS:A1994PY04600021 ER PT J AU KINRAIDE, TB AF KINRAIDE, TB TI USE OF A GOUY-CHAPMAN-STERN MODEL FOR MEMBRANE-SURFACE ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL TO INTERPRET SOME FEATURES OF MINERAL RHIZOTOXICITY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARLEY MESOPHYLL PROTOPLASTS; BILAYER-MEMBRANES; HYDROXY-ALUMINUM; DIVALENT-CATIONS; CALCIUM; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; ADSORPTION; BINDING; VESICLES; CHARGES AB A consideration of mineral toxicity to roots only in terms of ion activities in the rooting medium can be misleading. A Gouy-Chapman-Stern model, by which relative ion activities at cell-membrane surfaces may be estimated, has been applied to problems of mineral rhizotoxicity, including the toxicity of Al3+, La3+, H+, Na+, and SeO42-, to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots. The Gouy-Chapman portion of the model is expressed in the Grahame equation, which relates the charge density (sigma) and electrical potential (E(0)) at the surface of a membrane to the concentrations of ions in a contacting bulk solution. The Stern modification of the theory takes into account changes in sigma caused by ion binding at the membrane surface. Several theoretical problems with the model and its use are considered, including the fact that previous authors have usually related the physiological effects of an ion at a membrane surface to the computed concentration (C-i0) of the unbound ion rather than its computed activity (a(i0)). This practice implies the false assumption that C-i0 is proportional to a(i0). It is demonstrated here that a(i0), computed from external activities (a(i infinity)) by a Nernst equation [a(i0) = a(i infinity)exp(-Z(i)FE(0)/RT), where Z(i) is the charge on the ion, Fis the Faraday constant, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature], correlates well with ion toxicity and that C-i0 sometimes correlates poorly. These conclusions also apply to issues of mineral nutrition. RP KINRAIDE, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 36 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1583 EP 1592 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PY046 UT WOS:A1994PY04600042 ER PT J AU LEWIS, AM HARNDEN, VD TYREE, MT AF LEWIS, AM HARNDEN, VD TYREE, MT TI COLLAPSE OF WATER-STRESS EMBOLI IN THE TRACHEIDS OF THUJA-OCCIDENTALIS L SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY RECOVERY; AIR-SEEDING HYPOTHESIS; INDUCED XYLEM EMBOLISM; STOMATAL CLOSURE; ACER-SACCHARUM; PRESSURE; VULNERABILITY AB We report the kinetics of embolus formation and collapse in the tracheids of Thuja occidentalis L. stem segments. Radial wood sections were trimmed to 4 mm long paralleling the tracheids by 1 mm wide and 0.1 mm thick. They were observed under a dissecting microscope at 128x while sections were dehydrated and rehydrated. During dehydration, cavitations resulted in the formation of emboli in tracheids, but we concluded that the cavitated tracheids did not immediately fill with air at atmospheric pressure. This conclusion was based on the time required for the emboli to collapse after the rewetting of the dehydrated segment. By hypothesis, the time for the emboli to collapse should be proportional to the amount of air in the emboli. The time for all the emboli to collapse was a linear function of the dehydration time for times up to 15 min. For dehydrations greater than 80 min, the time for collapse after rewetting was constant, and we concluded that the tracheids have saturated with air by 80 min of dehydration. The kinetics of embolus formation is discussed in terms of the air-seeding hypothesis for cavitation, and collapse is discussed in terms of the physics of gas dissolution and diffusion. Embolus formation and dissolution in intact herbaceous and woody plants should follow the same physical laws. C1 US FOREST SERV,AIKEN FORESTRY SCI LAB,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. RP LEWIS, AM (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT FORESTRY & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1639 EP 1646 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PY046 UT WOS:A1994PY04600049 ER PT J AU HUBER, JL REDINBAUGH, MG HUBER, SC CAMPBELL, WH AF HUBER, JL REDINBAUGH, MG HUBER, SC CAMPBELL, WH TI REGULATION OF MAIZE LEAF NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY INVOLVES BOTH GENE-EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; ETIOLATED BARLEY LEAVES; LIGHT-DARK MODULATION; SPINACH LEAVES; PHOSPHOAMINO ACIDS; SQUASH COTYLEDONS; RAPID MODULATION; CORN; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) activity increased at the beginning of the photoperiod in mature green maize (Zea mays L.) leaves as a result of increased enzyme protein level and protein dephosphorylation. In vitro experiments suggested that phosphorylation of maize leaf NR affected sensitivity to Mg2+ inhibition, as shown previously in spinach. When excised leaves were fed P-32-labeled inorganic phosphate, NR was phosphorylated on seryl residues in both the light and dark. Tryptic peptide mapping of NR labeled in vivo indicated three major P-32-phosphopeptide fragments, and labeling of all three was reduced when leaves were illuminated. Maize leaf NR mRNA levels that were low at the end of the dark period peaked within 2 h in the light and decreased thereafter, and NR activity generally remained high. It appears that light signals, rather than an endogenous rhythm, account primarily for diurnal variations in NR mRNA levels. Overall, regulation of NR activity in mature maize leaves in response to light signals appears to involve control of gene expression, enzyme protein synthesis, and reversible protein phosphorylation. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECHNOL RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP HUBER, JL (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 42 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1667 EP 1674 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PY046 UT WOS:A1994PY04600052 ER PT J AU LEVINE, DM GRIFFIS, AJ SWIFT, CT JACKSON, TJ AF LEVINE, DM GRIFFIS, AJ SWIFT, CT JACKSON, TJ TI ESTAR - A SYNTHETIC-APERTURE MICROWAVE RADIOMETER FOR REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; ENVIRONMENT; SALINITY; FIFE AB ESTAR represents a new technology being developed for passive microwave I-emote sensing of the environment from space. The instrument employs an interferometric ic technique called aperture synthesis in which the coherent product from pails of antennas is measured as a function of pair spacing. Substantial reductions in the antenna aperture needed for a given spatial resolution can be achieved with this technique. As a result, aperture synthesis could lead to practical passive microwave remote sensing instruments in space to measure parameters such as soil moisture and ocean salinity which require observations at long wavelengths and, therefore, large antennas. ESTAR is an L-band, aircraft prototype built as part of research to develop this technique. ESTAR is a hybrid real-and-synthetic aperture radiometer which employs stick antennas to achieve resolution along track and uses aperture synthesis to achieve resolution across track. Experiments to validate the instrument's ability to measure soil moisture have recently been conducted at the USDA watersheds at Walnut Gulch in Arizona and the Little Washita River in Oklahoma. The results of both experiments indicate that a valid image reconstruction and calibration have been obtained for this remote sensing technique. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LEVINE, DM (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,MICROWAVE SENSORS BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 50 TC 119 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD DEC PY 1994 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1787 EP 1801 DI 10.1109/5.338071 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA PW156 UT WOS:A1994PW15600003 ER PT J AU WIESENFELD, P MICHAELIS, OE AF WIESENFELD, P MICHAELIS, OE TI GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ADRENAL-CORTEX STEROID-PRODUCTION IN SHR/N-CORPULENT RATS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; CP RATS; TESTOSTERONE; DYSFUNCTION; SUCROSE; OBESITY AB Gender differences in adrenal steroid hormone production and serum steroid hormone levels were compared in the spontaneous hypertensive/NIH-corpulent (cp) rat, which exhibits characteristics of both obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The study demonstrated that adrenal gland size correlated with adrenal production and serum levels of steroid hormones. Obese female SHR/N-cp rats were more steroidogenic than male SHR/N-cp rats; the size of their adrenal glands was twice that of the males (70 vs 33 mg). Body weights averaged 666 g for females and 829 g for males. Obese female rats had significantly higher serum concentrations of both corticosterone (827 vs 536 ng/ml) and aldosterone (675 vs 482 pg/ml) than obese male rats. As determined by in vitro assay, adrenal cortex production of corticosterone (2157 vs 1435 ng/30 min) and aldosterone (13.3 vs 9.5 ng/30 min) was significantly higher in obese female than in obese male rats. Adrenal production of testosterone in the in vitro assay was also significantly higher for obese female than male rats; however, adrenal estrogen production in obese rats did not differ significantly. The type of carbohydrate consumed (sucrose > starch) significantly affected serum levels of corticosterone, but not aldosterone, testosterone, or estrogen. Gender differences in adrenal steroid production and serum steroid levels suggest that hyperglycemia in obese SHR/N-cp rats may be, in part, the result of excess adrenal production of steroid hormones. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 207 IS 3 BP 254 EP 259 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA PY110 UT WOS:A1994PY11000002 PM 7800680 ER PT J AU SCHUSCHKE, DA SAARI, JT WEST, CA MILLER, FN AF SCHUSCHKE, DA SAARI, JT WEST, CA MILLER, FN TI DIETARY COPPER DEFICIENCY INCREASES THE MAST-CELL POPULATION OF THE RAT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEITY AB Mast cell-released histamine has been implicated In the enhanced acute inflammatory response of copper-deficient rats. The present study examined possible changes in the copper-deficient mast cell which may account for increased macromolecular leakage and edema formation. Mast cell populations were determined in the cremaster muscle of copper-adequate and copper-deficient rats. Total histamine content, unstimulated histamine release and concentration-dependent histamine release with the mast cell secretagogue compound 48/80 were also determined in isolated peritoneal mast cells. A significantly higher number of mast cells were found in the cremaster muscle of the copper-deficient rats (78 +/- 7 cells/5 mu m section) than in the copper-adequate controls (51 +/- 4). Total histamine content per cell as well as unstimulated and stimulated release of the inflammatory mediator per cell were not different between the groups. The results suggest that dietary copper deficiency increases the mast cell population but does not alter the mast cell histamine content or sensitivity to degranulation in the rat. This increase in the number of mast cells may be a mechanism by which acute inflammation is enhanced in copper deficiency. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP SCHUSCHKE, DA (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,HLTH SCI CTR,CTR APPL MICROCIRCULATORY RES,A1115,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 207 IS 3 BP 274 EP 277 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA PY110 UT WOS:A1994PY11000005 PM 7528379 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WT SMITH, TB AF JOHNSON, WT SMITH, TB TI COPPER DEFICIENCY INCREASES CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT 7-ETHOXYRESORUFIN-O-DEETHYLASE ACTIVITY IN RAT SMALL-INTESTINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ORTHO-DIANISIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE; HEPATIC DRUG-METABOLISM; DIETARY IRON; OXIDASE ACTIVITY; LIVER; HEME; CERULOPLASMIN; SUBSTRATE; SELENIUM; SERUM AB Although impaired heme synthesis during copper deficiency may limit the production and function of hemoproteins, little is known about the effects of copper deficiency on the cytochromes P450, an important family of hemoproteins, in the small intestine. A series of experiments was conducted to examine the effects of copper deficiency on cytochrome P450 content, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase activity in rat small Intestine. Sixteen hours after a single oral administration of 5,6-benzoflavone (BF), an Inducer of cytochromes P4501A1 and P4501A2, intestinal cytochrome P450 content was elevated as indicated by the CO-difference spectrum of the reduced cytochrome and by immunoblotting using anticytochrome P4501A1/1A2. However, cytochrome P450 content, measured by either method following BF induction, was not affected by copper deficiency. Thus, copper deficiency did not impair the availability of heme for cytochrome P450 synthesis in the small intestine. Even though copper deficiency did not affect intestinal cytochrome P450 content, EROD activity, which is a cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenase activity, was g-fold higher in copper-deficient rats compared with controls following BF treatment. The finding that copper deficiency has no effect on intestinal cytochrome P450 content suggests that the increased EROD activity results from an effect of copper deficiency on the cytochrome P450 reductase component of the monooxygenase system. Measurement of cytochrome P450 reductase activity showed a P-fold increase in the small intestines of copper-deficient rats compared with controls. It is possible, therefore, that increased intestinal cytochrome P450 reductase activity during copper deficiency increases EROD activity by facilitating the flow of electrons to cytochrome P450 during the redox cycle that cytochrome P450 undergoes during the O-deethylation of ethoxyresorufin. RP JOHNSON, WT (reprint author), UNIV N DAKOTA,USDA ARS,GFHNRC,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 207 IS 3 BP 302 EP 308 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA PY110 UT WOS:A1994PY11000009 PM 7800686 ER PT J AU WOODCOCK, CE COLLINS, JB GOPAL, S JAKABHAZY, VD LI, XW MACOMBER, S RYHERD, S HARWARD, VJ LEVITAN, J WU, YC WARBINGTON, R AF WOODCOCK, CE COLLINS, JB GOPAL, S JAKABHAZY, VD LI, XW MACOMBER, S RYHERD, S HARWARD, VJ LEVITAN, J WU, YC WARBINGTON, R TI MAPPING FOREST VEGETATION USING LANDSAT TM IMAGERY AND A CANOPY REFLECTANCE MODEL SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; SEGMENTATION AB Estimates of mean tree size and cover for each forest stand from an invertible forest canopy reflectance model are part of a new forest vegetation mapping system. Image segmentation defines stands which are sorted into general growth forms using per-pixel image classifications. Ecological models based on terrain relations predict species associations for the conifer, hardwood, and brush growth forms. The combination of the model-based estimates of tree size and cover with species associations yields general-purpose vegetation maps useful for a variety of land management needs. Results of timber inventories in the Tahoe and Stanislaus National Forests indicate the vegetation maps form a useful basis for stratification. Patterns in timber volumes for the strata reveal that the cover estimates are more reliable than the tree size estimates. A map accuracy assessment of the Stanislaus National Forest shows high overall map accuracy and also illustrates the problems in estimating tree size. C1 MIT,CTR EDUC COMP INITIAT,ATHENAMUSE SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. ABLE SOFTWARE CO,LEXINGTON,MA. US FOREST SERV,LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP WOODCOCK, CE (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,CTR REMOTE SENSING,725 COMMONWEALTH AVE,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. NR 35 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 50 IS 3 BP 240 EP 254 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90074-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA QB673 UT WOS:A1994QB67300005 ER PT J AU KUNZ, SE KEMP, DH AF KUNZ, SE KEMP, DH TI INSECTICIDES AND ACARICIDES - RESISTANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Review DE ARTHROPODS; ECTOPARASITES; ENVIRONMENT; FLIES; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; LIVESTOCK; PESTICIDES; RESISTANCE; TICKS AB Insecticides continue to be the primary means of control for ectoparasites on livestock. Intensive use of these materials has led to resistance to organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids among populations of Haematobia irritans irritans, H. irritans exigua and Lucilia cuprina. Similarly, use of acaricides has led to resistance in one-host Boophilus ticks to all currently-used organophosphate-carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids and amidines. Resistance in multi-host ticks is less widespread. New chemicals are available for the control of resistant ectoparasites, but there are concerns over resistance and residues problems, which prompt the authors to discuss new pest management strategies. Environmental concerns are raised regarding the use of pesticides on livestock. RP KUNZ, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LA,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 0 TC 126 Z9 134 U1 7 U2 17 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1286 PG 38 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QB922 UT WOS:A1994QB92200012 PM 7711312 ER PT J AU BRAM, RA AF BRAM, RA TI INTEGRATED CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; EXPERT SYSTEMS FLIES; GENETIC CONTROL; IMMUNOLOGICAL CONTROL; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; LIVESTOCK; MECHANICAL CONTROL; POULTRY; REGULATORY CONTROL; SCREWWORMS; TICKS AB Integrated control of ectoparasites of veterinary importance is being implemented on a limited basis at present. However, several forces are accelerating a global shift to integrated pest management (IPM). These accelerating forces include the following: reduction in new chemical compounds registered for use on livestock and poultry universal development of resistance to pesticides heightened environmental sensitivities to exclusive dependence on pesticide-based control need for strategies which increase profits for the producer while decreasing costs to the consumer. Integrated pest control requires many technologies for incorporation into specific pest management systems. Individual components include new chemicals, formulations and delivery systems, biological control, mechanical control, immunological control, genetic control, and regulatory control. Computer simulation models based on a quantitative ecological database are invaluable in devising and monitoring IPM approaches to controlling ectoparasites which affect livestock and poultry. IPM strategies have been developed for pests of veterinary importance, but eventually these must be incorporated into total livestock production systems. For implementation, a number of major impediments to IPM must be overcome. These problems can best be solved through a vigorous technology transfer programme. In addition to face-to-face meetings between producers and extension agents, the implementation of IPM can be further encouraged at producer group meetings, through education of animal health professionals, by the publication of articles in producer magazines, and by radio and television broadcasts to the agricultural sector Research focusing on the development of cost-effective and environmentally-compatible IPM systems is necessary for future progress. RP BRAM, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BLDG 005,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1357 EP 1365 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QB922 UT WOS:A1994QB92200015 PM 7711315 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, KM BEALE, CL AF JOHNSON, KM BEALE, CL TI THE RECENT REVIVAL OF WIDESPREAD POPULATION-GROWTH IN NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS OF THE UNITED-STATES SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDISTRIBUTION AB Population growth was widespread in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas of the United States during the early 1990s. More than 64 percent of the 2,277 nonmetro counties gained population between 1990 and 1992, compared with only 45 percent in the 1980s. The nonmetro population still grew at a slower pace than did the metropolitan population, but the gap was much narrower than during the 1980s. Net migration gains accounted for 43 percent of the total estimated nonmetro population increase of 879,000 between 1990 and 1992. These findings suggest it is premature to conclude that the renewed population growth in nonmetro areas first noted in the 1970s has ended. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP JOHNSON, KM (reprint author), LOYOLA UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,CHICAGO,IL 60626, USA. NR 22 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 5 PU RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOC PI BOZEMAN PA ANNE S WILLIAMS, TREASURER MONTANA STATE UNIV DEPT SOCIOLOGY, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 4 BP 655 EP 667 PG 13 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA QG368 UT WOS:A1994QG36800005 ER PT J AU SCHANLER, RJ HURST, NM AF SCHANLER, RJ HURST, NM TI HUMAN-MILK FOR THE HOSPITALIZED PRETERM INFANT SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; MOTHERS DELIVERING PRETERM; FORTIFIED HUMAN-MILK; BREAST-MILK; PREMATURE-INFANTS; BONE MINERALIZATION; PROTEIN QUANTITY; FATTY-ACIDS; LACTATING WOMEN; SKIN CONTACT C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,NEONATOL SECT,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL SECT,HOUSTON,TX. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX. RP SCHANLER, RJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR-00188] NR 78 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0146-0005 J9 SEMIN PERINATOL JI Semin. Perinatol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 18 IS 6 BP 476 EP 484 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA PZ338 UT WOS:A1994PZ33800002 PM 7701350 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, AS CHHEDA, S KEENEY, SE SCHMALSTIEG, FC SCHANLER, RJ AF GOLDMAN, AS CHHEDA, S KEENEY, SE SCHMALSTIEG, FC SCHANLER, RJ TI IMMUNOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF THE PREMATURE NEWBORN BY HUMAN-MILK SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; IMMUNE FACTORS; MAMMARY-GLAND; BREAST-MILK; VITAMIN-E; INFANTS C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. RP GOLDMAN, AS (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,CHILDRENS HOSP,MED BRANCH,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT IMMUNOL ALLERGY,ROOM C2-37A,GALVESTON,TX 77555, USA. NR 75 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0146-0005 J9 SEMIN PERINATOL JI Semin. Perinatol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 18 IS 6 BP 495 EP 501 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA PZ338 UT WOS:A1994PZ33800004 PM 7701351 ER PT J AU LAMAR, RT DAVIS, MW DIETRICH, DM GLASER, JA AF LAMAR, RT DAVIS, MW DIETRICH, DM GLASER, JA TI TREATMENT OF A PENTACHLOROPHENOL-CONTAMINATED AND CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SOIL USING THE LIGNIN-DEGRADING FUNGUS PHANEROCHAETE-SORDIDA - A FIELD DEMONSTRATION SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ERGOSTEROL; CHRYSOSPORIUM; DETOXIFICATION; DEGRADATION; DEPLETION; ENZYMES; STEROLS; ACID AB The feasibility of large-scale fungal bioaugmentation was evaluated by assessing the ability of the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete sordida to decrease the soil concentrations of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 13 priority pollutant polynuclear aromatic (PNA) creosote components in a field-demonstration study. Inoculation of the contaminated soil with the fungus (fungal treatment) at a rate of 10% (dry wt fungal hyphae and inoculum substrate dry wt soil(-1)) was compared to amending the soil (amended control) with sterile inoculum substrate also at a 10% rate (dry wt substrate dry wt soil(-1)) and no treatment (non-amended control), for their effects on PCP and PNA concentrations over 20 wk. The initial soil PCP and total measured PNA concentrations for the three treatments averaged 1058 and 1210 mg kg(-1), respectively. Despite very low initial amounts of fungal biomass, determined from ergosterol concentrations in the inoculum and inoculated soil, there was a 64% PCP decrease to a residual concentration of 362 mg kg(-1) in the fungal-treated soil after 20 wk of treatment. This residual concentration was statistically less than the 715 mg kg(-1) (26% decrease) and the 985 mg kg(-1) (18% decrease) PCP concentrations observed in the amended control and the non-amended control soils, respectively. There were significant decreases in the concentrations of 3- and 4-ring PNAs in all treatments. With the exception of acenapthene, decreases in the concentrations of 3-ring PNAs were significantly greater in the non-amended control soil than in either the amended control or fungal-treated soils. Conversely, decreases in the concentration of 4-ring PNAs tended to be greater in the fungal-treated and amended control soils than in the non-amended control soils. The concentrations of 5- and 6-ring PNAs were not decreased significantly by any of the treatments. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP LAMAR, RT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 27 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1603 EP 1611 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90312-3 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PW772 UT WOS:A1994PW77200002 ER PT J AU BEZDICEK, DF QUINN, MA FORSE, L HERON, D KAHN, ML AF BEZDICEK, DF QUINN, MA FORSE, L HERON, D KAHN, ML TI INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF RHIZOBIUM SPP CONTAINING THE BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SUBSP TENEBRIONIS DELTA-ENDOTOXIN GENE (CRYIII) IN LEGUME NODULES SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMID TRANSFER; SITONA-HISPIDULUS; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; PROTEIN GENE; ROOT-NODULES; SOIL; RESISTANCE; INSECTS; STRAINS; PLANTS AB Strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum and Rhizobium meliloti were constructed by cloning the cryIII gene (the gene encoding for the insecticidal CryIII protein) from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis into the broad host-range vector, pRK311, containing a constitutive lacZ promoter that codes for lactose utilization or a conditional nifH promoter that is involved in nitrogen fixation. The cryIII-containing rhizobia (i.e. C1-pBtt-LZ and C1-pBtt-nH) expressed toxin in sufficient quantities within root nodules to reduce significantly feeding damage by the nodule-feeding insects, Sitona lineatus on Pisum sativum and Sitona hispidulus on Medicago sativa. The pRK311 plasmid remained stable in the rhizobia that were either free-living or within nodules of the legumes. The engineered cryIII-containing strains of R. leguminosarum were equally competitive with the wild-type parental strain and a kanamycin-resistant strain. The engineered strains occupied 40-97% of P. sativum nodules. However, plant biomass was significantly reduced in plants inoculated with single isolates of the pRK311-based strains, C1-pRK311, C1-pBtt-LZ or C1-pBtt-nH. The biomass of plants increased significantly when plants had also been inoculated with wild-type strains. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,INST BIOL CHEM,DEPT MICROBIOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP BEZDICEK, DF (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1637 EP 1646 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90316-6 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PW772 UT WOS:A1994PW77200006 ER PT J AU HICKEY, WJ FUSTER, DJ LAMAR, RT AF HICKEY, WJ FUSTER, DJ LAMAR, RT TI TRANSFORMATION OF ATRAZINE IN SOIL BY PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; CONTAMINATED SOIL; DEGRADATION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; BIODEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; PEROXIDASE; BASIDIOMYCETE; METOLACHLOR; METABOLISM AB The potential of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to bioremediate atrazine-contaminated soils was evaluated in laboratory studies. Production of (CO2)-C-14 from [2,4,6-ring-C-14]atrazine in inoculated and non-inoculated soil was monitored for 30 days. Atrazine and its metabolites were determined and the soil residue was oxidized to complete a C-14 mass balance. (CO2)-C-14 production was insignificant in all cultures. In the inoculated soils there was a small but statistically significant increase (12%) in non-extractable C-14. Smaller amounts of atrazine residues were extracted from inoculated rather than non-inoculated soils. Atrazine was not transformed by partially-purified P. chrysosporium lignin- or manganese-peroxidase in vitro and was not metabolized by P. chrysosporium grown in liquid culture. These experiments showed that P. chrysosporium partially transformed atrazine in soil by reactions that were probably catalyzed by enzymes other than the peroxidases associated with its biodegradative capabilities. The ability of P. chrysosporium to increase the amounts of bound atrazine residues might be useful for soil bioremediation. But, further work will be needed to substantially increase the amounts of immobilized atrazine residues formed by P. chrysosporium and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying atrazine transformation by P. chrysosporium so that the identity and potential toxicity of the bound residues can be determined. C1 US FOREST SERV, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RP UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT SOIL SCI, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1665 EP 1671 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90319-0 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PW772 UT WOS:A1994PW77200009 ER PT J AU KARLEN, DL WOLLENHAUPT, NC ERBACH, DC BERRY, EC SWAN, JB EASH, NS JORDAHL, JL AF KARLEN, DL WOLLENHAUPT, NC ERBACH, DC BERRY, EC SWAN, JB EASH, NS JORDAHL, JL TI LONG-TERM TILLAGE EFFECTS ON SOIL QUALITY SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CONSERVATION TILLAGE; TILLAGE SYSTEM; SOIL PROPERTY; SOIL QUALITY INDEX ID STABILITY; AGGREGATION AB Public interest in soil quality is increasing, but assessment is difficult because soil quality evaluations are often purpose- and site-specific. Our objective was to use a systems engineering methodology to evaluate soil quality with data collected following a long-term tillage study on continuous corn (Zea mays L.). Aggregate characteristics, penetration resistance, bulk density, volumetric water content, earthworm populations, respiration, microbial biomass, ergosterol concentrations, and several soil-test parameters (pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Total-N, Total-C, NH4-N, and NO3-N) were measured on Orthic Luvisol soil samples collected from Rozetta and Palsgrove silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) soils. Plots managed using no-till practices for 12 years before samples were collected for this study had surface soil aggregates that were more stable in water and had higher total carbon, microbial activity, ergosterol concentrations, and earthworm populations than either the chisel or plow treatments. Selected parameters were combined in the proposed soil quality index and gave ratings of 0.48, 0.49, or 0.68 for plow, chisel, or no-till treatments, respectively. This indicated that long-term no-till management had improved soil quality. The prediction was supported by using a sprinkler infiltration study to measure the amount of soil loss from plots that had been managed using no-till or moldboard plow tillage. We conclude that no-till practices on these soils can improve soil quality and that the systems engineering methodology may be useful for developing a more comprehensive soil quality index that includes factors such as pesticide and leaching potentials. C1 DEPT SOIL SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV IOWA,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP KARLEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. OI Eash, Neal/0000-0001-9141-4302 NR 29 TC 155 Z9 165 U1 12 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 32 IS 4 BP 313 EP 327 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(94)00427-G PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QA111 UT WOS:A1994QA11100004 ER PT J AU HENNEBERRY, TJ AF HENNEBERRY, TJ TI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) PUPAL DIAPAUSE, INITIATION AND FINAL STAGE OF MOVEMENT OF STEMMATAL EYESPOTS AND ADULT EMERGENCE SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; ZEA; PHOTOPERIOD; INDUCTION AB Temperature was highly correlated with the initiation and final stage of eyespot movement in tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), pupae. Eyespots were retained in diapausing pupae for at least 20 days at all temperatures studied. Seven to 99% pupal diapause occurred under conditions of 15, 17 and 18-degrees-C at 10:14 light:dark (L:D) photoperiods. No diapause occurred at temperatures of 20-degrees-C and above at 10:14 L:D photoperiod. Adult emergence from nondiapausing pupae ranged from 11.3 to 31.5 days at 17 to 27-degrees-C. No emergence occurred from diapausing pupae at any temperatures in less than 38 days, and 99% of the 15 and 17-degrees-C diapause pupae remained in the pupal stage > 60 days when the study was terminated. RP HENNEBERRY, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 19 IS 4 BP 329 EP 333 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QB348 UT WOS:A1994QB34800001 ER PT J AU TILLMAN, PG AF TILLMAN, PG TI AGE-DEPENDENT PARASITIZATION AND PRODUCTION OF FEMALE PROGENY FOR MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID NOCTUIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB Age-dependent parasitization and production of female progeny by adult females of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), a parasitoid of Heliothis virescens F. and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), were determined under laboratory conditions at a constant temperature of 30 +/- 1-degree-C. M. croceipes females (n=22) parasitized 186.8 +/- 36.9 (mean +/- SD) hosts and had a longevity of 11.5 +/- 1.7 d. The mean daily parasitization (ranging from 0.05 to 24.0 hosts/day) and production of female progeny (ranging from 0 to 14.7 females/day) were inversely related to the females' age from 6-d old until death. The range in female age of peak parasitization, from 2 to 6 d of age of the females, coincided with that of peak production of female progeny. These results indicate that M. croceipes females should be released at this peak reproductive period in order to achieve maximum effect in a program for management of H. virescens and H. zea. RP TILLMAN, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB, POB 346, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 19 IS 4 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QB348 UT WOS:A1994QB34800002 ER PT J AU CHEN, AC BULL, DL AF CHEN, AC BULL, DL TI RANDOM-AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA AS A TOOL FOR DIFFERENTIATING HOUSE-FLY STRAINS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MYZUS-PERSICAE SULZER; RAS GENE-MUTATIONS; PEACH-POTATO APHID; PROBES; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; POPULATIONS AB The conventional methods of identifying insecticide resistance in a suspect pest population by assessing the LD50 are laborious and time-consuming. Random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) has been used by other groups to differentiate species of mosquitoes as well as populations within a mosquito species. Using different arbitrary oligonucleotides as primers with RAPD, we have demonstrated that various strains of Musca domestica L. show different patterns of DNA fragments on agarose electrophoresis. The unique DNA fragments could possibly be used for developing probes that can be used to detect insecticide resistance in field populations. RP CHEN, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 19 IS 4 BP 361 EP 369 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QB348 UT WOS:A1994QB34800006 ER PT J AU SUMMY, KR MORALESRAMOS, JA KING, EG COLEMAN, RJ SCOTT, AW AF SUMMY, KR MORALESRAMOS, JA KING, EG COLEMAN, RJ SCOTT, AW TI IMPACT OF MECHANICAL CULTIVATION ON THE SEARCHING EFFICIENCY OF CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS, AN EXOTIC PARASITE OF BOLL-WEEVIL SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Research was conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas to evaluate the impact of mechanical cultivation on the searching efficiency of Catolaccus grandis (Burks), an exotic parasite of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. Burial of cotton squares infested by susceptible host stages (third-stage weevil larvae and pupae) substantially reduced the incidence of attack by C. grandis under laboratory conditions. Moreover, the two principal implements used for mechanical cultivation in this region (rolling and sweep cultivators) buried a significant percentage of extant squares and bolls occurring on the soil surface at the time of cultivation (42.9 and 48.4% burial, respectively). The compatibility of mechanical cultivation and augmentative parasite releases for suppression of boll weevil infestations on cotton is discussed. RP SUMMY, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 19 IS 4 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QB348 UT WOS:A1994QB34800008 ER PT J AU SABHARWAL, HS AKHTAR, M BLANCHETTE, RA YOUNG, RA AF SABHARWAL, HS AKHTAR, M BLANCHETTE, RA YOUNG, RA TI BIOMECHANICAL PULPING OF KENAF SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BAST FIBERS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; KENAF; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL PULPING; NONWOOD PLANTS; PULP PROPERTIES; REFINE MECHANICAL PULPING; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; WHITE ROT FUNGI ID WHITE-ROT FUNGI; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; LOBLOLLY-PINE; CHIPS; DEGRADATION AB Cut kenaf bast strands, untreated and treated with a CZ-3 strain of the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (for two weeks), were refined in a laboratory single-disc refiner under atmospheric conditions. First-stage refining was carried to 530 mL CSF. Second-stage refining was carried out at various clearance levels to several degrees of freeness. Yields of 96% and 93% from kenaf bast by RMP and bio-RMP, respectively, were higher than TMP and CTMP from whole kenaf as reported in the literature. The energy consumption in refining was substantially lower, and the strength properties were higher for the fungal-treated kenaf. The burst, tensile, and tear strengths increased by 65%, 58.3%, and 56.6%, respectively, at about 200 mL CSF for the fungal-treated material. The opacity and drainage properties were also superior for biomechanical kenaf pulp; however, the brightness level was lower. Scanning electron microscopy of fungal-treated kenaf bast strands after refining showed that fibers appeared to separate more readily from adjacent fibers than with noninoculated treatments. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA,CTR BIOTECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP SABHARWAL, HS (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,120 RUSSELL LAB,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 12 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA PV535 UT WOS:A1994PV53500020 ER PT J AU MYERS, GC BAGBY, MO AF MYERS, GC BAGBY, MO TI SUITABILITY OF KENAF CTMP FOR LINERBOARD SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CHEMITHERMOMECHANICAL PULPS; KENAF; LINER-BOARDS; MECHANICAL PULPS; SUBSTITUTES AB The authors studied using whole-stem kenaf for CTMP as an alternative to wood and determined the feasibility of substituting high-yield kenaf mechanical pulp for kraft softwood pulp in linerboard. Linerboard using kenaf CTMP alone was not comparable to linerboard prepared from 100% loblolly pine kraft. Blending 30-50% kenaf CTMP with loblolly pine kraft pulp appeared to produce pulp with acceptable strength for linerboard. Results showed that kenaf CTMP addition could enhance compressive strength, a critical factor. C1 USDA ARS,MIDWESTERN AREA NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP MYERS, GC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 12 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA PV535 UT WOS:A1994PV53500021 ER PT J AU TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK AF TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK TI THERMOANALYTICAL STUDY OF DURABLE PRESS REACTANT LEVELS ON COTTON FABRICS .1. NONFORMALDEHYDE POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGENTS AB A current goal of our research is to identify unknown durable press (Dp) finishes on cotton fabrics using only thermal analytical techniques. In pursuit of this goal, we have treated 100% cotton printcloth with five low- and nonformaldehyde finishes at four to six treatment levels. Two polycarboxylic acids-citric and butanetetracarboxylic-were used with sodium hypophosphite catalyst to produce nonformaldehyde fabric finishes. Three formaldehyde-based finishes were produced with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea. Results of differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analyses were compared with those of untreated and catalyst-treated controls. The thermal parameters tested to recognize reactants included amount of residue, maximum rates of weight loss, peak temperatures, and peak areas, along with various parameter ratios. There were progressive changes in all fabric thermograms as agent/catalyst levels increased. Even at the 2% agent lever, we could detect that fabric had been treated. It was also not difficult to distinguish between the low- and nonformaldehyde DP finishes. Thermal profiles of catalyst controls indicated that the catalyst was a substantial contributor to thermal parameters. This study has brought fabric finish identification using thermal analyses much closer to reality. RP TRASKMORRELL, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 64 IS 12 BP 729 EP 736 DI 10.1177/004051759406401205 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA QB757 UT WOS:A1994QB75700005 ER PT J AU RAYAPATI, PJ GREGORY, JW LEE, M WISE, RP AF RAYAPATI, PJ GREGORY, JW LEE, M WISE, RP TI A LINKAGE MAP OF DIPLOID AVENA BASED ON RFLP LOCI AND A LOCUS CONFERRING RESISTANCE TO 9 ISOLATES OF PUCCINIA-CORONATA VAR AVENAE SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENETICS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MONOCOTS ID TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; RYE CHROMOSOME-1R; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; D-GENOME; BARLEY; MAIZE; WHEAT; MARKERS; STEM; RUST AB An F-2 Oat population was produced by crossing the diploid (n=7) species Avena strigosa (CI 3815) with A. wiestii (CI 1994), resistant and susceptible, respectively, to 40 isolates of Puccinia coronata, the causal agent of crown rust. Eighty-eight F-2 individuals were used to construct an RFLP linkage map representing the A genome of cultivated hexaploid oat. Two hundred and eight RFLP loci have been placed into 10 linkage groups. This map covers 2416 cM, with an average of 12 cM between RFLP loci. Eighty-eight F-3 lines, derived from F-2 individuals used to construct the map, were screened for resistance to 9 isolates of P. coronata. One locus, Pca, was found to confer a dominant resistance phenotype to isolates 203, 258, 263, 264B, 290, 298, 325A, and 345. Pen also conferred resistance to isolate 276; however, an unlinked second gene may also be involved, C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,FIELD CROPS RES USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. NR 42 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 89 IS 7-8 BP 831 EP 837 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PZ690 UT WOS:A1994PZ69000006 PM 24178091 ER PT J AU ROCHEFORD, TR PRING, DR AF ROCHEFORD, TR PRING, DR TI INTERACTION OF NUCLEAR AND MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES IN THE ALTERATION OF MAIZE MITOCHONDRIAL ORF221 TRANSCRIPTS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L); MITOCHONDRIAL MESSENGER-RNA TRANSCRIPTION; ORF221; NUCLEAR MITOCHONDRIAL INTERACTIONS ID OPEN READING FRAME; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; T-CYTOPLASM; GENE ORGANIZATION; DNA EXPRESSION; MALE-FERTILITY; PLANT; INITIATION; PROTEIN; SIZE AB The interaction of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in the alteration of maize (Zea mays L.) mitochondrial orf221 transcript patterns was examined. Northern analyses involving specific maize nuclear genotypes associated with N, C or S cytoplasms revealed considerable orf221 transcript heterogeneity. F-1 progenies were de veloped from maize inbred-cytoplasm combinations that differed for orf221 transcript patterns. Northern analyses revealed that the presence or level of abundance of certain orf221 transcripts was dependent on nuclear genotype. The maize inbred B37(C) exhibits orf221 transcripts of 3 500, 3 200, 2 800, and 1 300 nt whereas the F-1 of B37(C)xKy21(N) does not exhibit a 2 800-nt transcript but does give transcripts of 2 100 and 1 250 nt in addition to 3 500-, 3 200- and 1 300-nt transcripts, Northern analyses also suggested that the size or the presence of certain orf221 transcripts was related to the mitochondrial genome configuration. Maize inbred A619 exhibits a 2 300-nt orf221 transcript when associated with N cytoplasm and a 2 100-nt orf221 transcript when associated with C and S cytoplasms. As a result of deletion of the gene T-urf13, the A188(T7) mitochondrial mutant exhibits only a 3100-nt orf221 transcript and not the very complex T-urf13/orf221 transcript pattern associated with A188(T). The genetic stock A188(T7)xW64A(N)(2) gives a highly abundant 2 100-nt orf221 transcript not detected in A188(T7). Deletion of T-urf13 has enabled the nuclear genotype of W64A(N) to alter orf221 transcript patterns in a manner not detected in T cytoplasm. This observation suggests that alteration of the mitochondrial genomic configuration adjacent to orf221 results in a different response to nuclear gene products from that observed when orf221 is present in the T mitochondrial genome configuration. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 89 IS 7-8 BP 951 EP 958 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PZ690 UT WOS:A1994PZ69000024 PM 24178109 ER PT J AU DWEIKAT, I OHM, H MACKENZIE, S PATTERSON, F CAMBRON, S RATCLIFFE, R AF DWEIKAT, I OHM, H MACKENZIE, S PATTERSON, F CAMBRON, S RATCLIFFE, R TI ASSOCIATION OF A DNA MARKER WITH HESSIAN FLY RESISTANCE GENE H9 IN WHEAT SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RAPD; WHEAT; HESSIAN FLY; DNA MARKERS ID NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; RAPD MARKERS; RUST RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; TOMATO; AMPLIFICATION; CECIDOMYIIDAE; POLYMORPHISMS; CULTIVARS AB The Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and genetic resistance has been used effectively over the past 30 years to protect wheat against serious damage by the fly. To-date, 25 Hessian fly resistance genes, designated H1 to H25, have been identified in wheat. With near-isogenic wheat lines differing for the presence of an individual Hessian fly resistance gene, in conjunction with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis (DGGE), we have identified a DNA marker associated with the H9 resistance gene. The H9 gene confers resistance against biotype L of the Hessian fly, the most virulent biotype. The RAPD marker cosegregates with resistance in a segregating F-2 population, remains associated with H9 resistance in a number of different T. aestivum and T. durum L. genetic backgrounds, and is readily detected by either DGGE or DNA gel-blot hybridization. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP DWEIKAT, I (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 28 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 89 IS 7-8 BP 964 EP 968 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PZ690 UT WOS:A1994PZ69000026 PM 24178111 ER PT J AU HERMS, DA MATTSON, WJ AF HERMS, DA MATTSON, WJ TI PLANT-GROWTH AND DEFENSE SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP HERMS, DA (reprint author), DOW GARDENS,1018 W MAIN ST,MIDLAND,MI 48640, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 12 BP 488 EP 488 DI 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90319-0 PG 1 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PU283 UT WOS:A1994PU28300014 PM 21236934 ER PT J AU SLABACH, FG AF SLABACH, FG TI EQUAL JUSTICE - APPLYING THE VOTING-RIGHTS ACT TO JUDICIAL ELECTIONS SO UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article RP SLABACH, FG (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CINCINNATI LAW REVIEW PI CINCINNATI PA UNIV CINCINNATI COL LAW ROOM 300,TAFT HALL, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0009-6881 J9 U CINCI LAW REV JI Univ. Cincinnati Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 62 IS 3 BP 823 EP 881 PG 59 WC Law SC Government & Law GA NQ989 UT WOS:A1994NQ98900001 ER PT J AU PFISTER, JA PANTER, KE MANNERS, GD CHENEY, CD AF PFISTER, JA PANTER, KE MANNERS, GD CHENEY, CD TI REVERSAL OF TALL LARKSPUR (DELPHINIUM-BARBEYI) POISONING IN CATTLE WITH PHYSOSTIGMINE SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; PHENOLOGY; RANGELAND; SITE AB Tall larkspur poisoning of cattle is a serious problem on western US rangelands. Single oral doses of tall larkspur ranging from 1.5 to 3 g/kg body weight were administered to steers. These doses caused clinical signs of muscular tremors and collapse. Physostigmine was administered iv, Ip or sc at 0.04 to 0.08 mg/kg body weight when animals were sternally or laterally recumbent. Physostigmine given iv rapidly reversed the larkspur toxicity. Serial injections of physostigmine were generally necessary to reverse acute toxicity. Administration of physostigmine to grazing animals poisoned on larkspur was also effective. Physostigmine can be effective treatment for intoxicated cattle consuming tall larkspurs. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES LAB,ALBANY,CA 94706. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP PFISTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 36 IS 6 BP 511 EP 514 PG 4 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA PU595 UT WOS:A1994PU59500002 PM 7900266 ER PT J AU HUTCHINSON, LE STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC AF HUTCHINSON, LE STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC TI CLONING BOVINE CYTOKINE CDNA FRAGMENTS AND MEASURING BOVINE CYTOKINE MESSENGER-RNA USING THE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; GROWTH-FACTOR; EXPRESSION; LYMPHOCYTES; CELLS; SEQUENCE; INTERLEUKIN-2; PURIFICATION AB Bovine cytokine-specific primers and the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to clone cDNA fragments that were specific for bovine IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, and IFN-gamma. Specificity of the cDNA fragments was verified by sequence analysis based on known bovine IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, and IFN-gamma gene sequences. In addition, RT-PCR was used to monitor cytokine mRNA expression in concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and the results were compared with those obtained by measuring PBMC cytokine secretion using biologic assays. IL-1 activity in LPS-stimulated PBMC cultures was similar at 12 h and 24 h, although the activity decreased by approximately 40% at 48 h. IL-2 and IFN-gamma activity in supernatants of Con A-stimulated PBMC cultures was low at 12 h and reached maximum levels at 48 h. RT-PCR transcript analysis detected an increase in IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, and IFN-gamma mRNA expression that was usually correlated with the detection of these soluble cytokines by the bioassays. These results indicate that RT-PCR is a sensitive and effective method of obtaining cDNA probes and that this technique can be used to monitor bovine cytokine mRNA expression. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1 BP 13 EP 29 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90166-X PG 17 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA QE743 UT WOS:A1994QE74300002 PM 7536984 ER PT J AU KASPERS, B LILLEHOJ, HS JENKINS, MC PHARR, GT AF KASPERS, B LILLEHOJ, HS JENKINS, MC PHARR, GT TI CHICKEN INTERFERON-MEDIATED INDUCTION OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS-II ANTIGENS ON PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONOCYTES SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MACROPHAGE-ACTIVATING FACTOR; GAMMA-INTERFERON; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IMMUNE INTERFERON; GENE-EXPRESSION; IA-ANTIGENS; CELL-LINES; IFN-GAMMA; BETA; LYMPHOKINE AB Conditioned medium containing immune interferon (IFN) activity was prepared by stimulating spleen lymphocytes obtained from inbred SC chickens with 10 mu g concanavalin A (Con A) for 48 h. Pretreatment of spleen cells with monoclonal antibody against CD4, but not CD8, abrogated IFN production suggesting that CD4+ lymphocytes are responsible for immune IFN production. Immune IFN was purified 25-fold from Con A conditioned medium using controlled-pore glass column chromatography resulting in an increase in specific antiviral activity from 7 to 3290 units mg(-1). Partially purified immune IFN retained antiviral and macrophage-activating factor (MAF)-like activities. Normal peripheral blood macrophages, when cultured in the presence of partially purified immune IFN, showed a dose-dependent increase in cell surface major histocompatibility complex Class II antigen expression by flow cytometry. Northern blot analysis of mRNA obtained from IFN-treated macrophages showed a concomitant increase in Class II gene expression. This effect was more obvious in cells induced for 48 h than in those induced for 24 h. These results strongly suggest the existence of an avian homologue of the MAF-like activity. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1 BP 71 EP 84 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90170-8 PG 14 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA QE743 UT WOS:A1994QE74300006 PM 7536986 ER PT J AU JACOBS, RM SMITH, HE WHETSTONE, CA SUAREZ, DL JEFFERSON, B VALLI, VEO AF JACOBS, RM SMITH, HE WHETSTONE, CA SUAREZ, DL JEFFERSON, B VALLI, VEO TI HEMATOLOGICAL AND LYMPHOCYTE SUBSET ANALYSES IN SHEEP INOCULATED WITH BOVINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY-LIKE VIRUS SO VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BOVINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY-LIKE VIRUS; HEMATOLOGY; INFECTIVITY; LENTIVIRUS; LYMPHOCYTE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROVIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE; SEROLOGY; SHEEP ID WESTERN-BLOT ASSAY; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; IMMUNOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES; HIV-1 INFECTION; CATTLE; REACTIVITY; ANTIBODIES; CALVES; CELLS AB Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) was passaged in vivo by intraperitoneal transfusion of ovine whole blood. Prior to transfusion, the recipient sheep were given sodium thioglycolate intraperitoneally to induce mild non-suppurative inflammation. The anti-BIV antibody response, haematology, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (B, gammadelta, CD2+, CD4+ and CD8+) of recipient sheep were assessed for one year following transfusion. Passaging was successful since serum anti-BIV antibody responses were detected in 5 of the 6 recipient sheep; 1 of the 5 remained seropositive throughout the study. Lentivirus was not isolated from the recipient sheep, but provirus was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes in 3 of the 5 sheep that seroconverted. In the BIV-inoculated sheep, neutrophils and eosinophils were significantly increased (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) at 3 months and between 6 and 8 months postinoculation, respectively. B, CD2+ and CD4+ cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios were significantly increased (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) 2 months postinoculation. Mild, transient haematological changes occurred in BIV-exposed sheep, but illness was not detected in the year. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,URBANA,IL 61801. RP JACOBS, RM (reprint author), UNIV GUELPH,DEPT PATHOL,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7380 J9 VET RES COMMUN JI Vet. Res. Commun. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 18 IS 6 BP 471 EP 482 DI 10.1007/BF01839424 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PZ635 UT WOS:A1994PZ63500008 PM 7701785 ER PT J AU PERYEA, FJ CREGER, TL AF PERYEA, FJ CREGER, TL TI VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION OF LEAD AND ARSENIC IN SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH LEAD ARSENATE PESTICIDE-RESIDUES SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID ORCHARD SOILS AB Many deciduous fruit tree orchard sites throughout the world are contaminated with lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) from past use of lead arsenate insecticides. The vertical distribution of Pb and As was examined in six contaminated orchard soils in the State of Washington, USA. Most of the Pb and As was restricted to the upper 40 cm of soil, with Pb concentration maxima ranging from 2.15 to 10.69 mmol/kg, and As concentration maxima ranging from 0.77 to 4.85 mmol/kg. In all cases, there were lower Pb and As concentrations at the soil surface than deeper in the profile. Arsenic was depleted relative to Pb in the topsoils and was enriched relative to Pb in the subsoils, suggesting that there has been preferential movement of As. Absolute soil enrichment with Pb occurred to depths between 15 and 50 cm. Absolute soil enrichment with As occurred to depths between 45 and > 120 cm. At 120 cm, Pb concentrations were < 0.05 mmol/kg, and As concentrations ranged from 0.07 to 0.63 mmol/kg. The deeper movement of Pb and As in the study soils relative to that reported for lead arsenate-contaminated soils elsewhere is attributed to high loading rates of lead arsenate, coarse soil texture, low organic matter content, and use of irrigation. The results indicate that Pb and As concentrations in lead arsenate-contaminated soils are high enough to be of potential environmental concern. The amount of As redistribution appears to be substantial enough to preclude some methods of remediation and to create potential risk of contamination of underlying shallow groundwater. RP PERYEA, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1100 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 26 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 78 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1007/BF00483038 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA QD658 UT WOS:A1994QD65800006 ER PT J AU BLOCK, WM MORRISON, ML VERNER, J MANLEY, PN AF BLOCK, WM MORRISON, ML VERNER, J MANLEY, PN TI ASSESSING WILDLIFE HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS MODELS - A CASE-STUDY WITH CALIFORNIA OAK WOODLANDS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE AMPHIBIANS; BIRDS; MODEL TESTING; OAK WOODLANDS; SMALL MAMMALS; WILDLIFE-HABITAT-RELATIONSHIPS MODELS C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT FORESTRY & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. PACIFIC SW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,FRESNO,CA 93710. US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC SW REG,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94111. RP BLOCK, WM (reprint author), SW FORESTRY COMPLEX,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,2500 S PINE KNOLL DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 4 BP 549 EP 561 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA PY631 UT WOS:A1994PY63100001 ER PT J AU OHMANN, JL MCCOMB, WC ZUMRAWI, AA AF OHMANN, JL MCCOMB, WC ZUMRAWI, AA TI SNAG ABUNDANCE FOR PRIMARY CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS ON NONFEDERAL FOREST LANDS IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; MANAGED FORESTS; SNAGS; WILDLIFE HABITAT; WILDLIFE TREES ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; MANAGEMENT C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP OHMANN, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 4 BP 607 EP 620 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA PY631 UT WOS:A1994PY63100008 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, JL MASON, JR OTIS, DL DAVIS, JE OHASHI, TJ AF CUMMINGS, JL MASON, JR OTIS, DL DAVIS, JE OHASHI, TJ TI EVALUATION OF METHIOCARB, ZIRAM, AND METHYL ANTHRANILATE AS BIRD REPELLENTS APPLIED TO DENDROBIUM ORCHIDS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ANTHRANILATE; METHIOCARB; ORCHIDS; PYCNONOTUS-CAFER; RED-VENTED BULBUL; REPELLENT; ZIRAM C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIMAL & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ANIMAL DAMAGE CONTROL,HONOLULU,HI 96813. RP CUMMINGS, JL (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 4 BP 633 EP 638 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA PY631 UT WOS:A1994PY63100011 ER PT J AU RALPH, CJ FANCY, SG AF RALPH, CJ FANCY, SG TI DEMOGRAPHY AND MOVEMENT OF THE ENDANGERED AKEPA AND HAWAII CREEPER SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BIRDS; SIZE AB We studied populations of the endangered Akepa (Loxops coccineus coccineus) and Hawaii Creeper (Oreomystis mana) at four sites on the island of Hawaii. Mean monthly density (+/-SE) of Akepa was 5.74 +/- 0.87, 1.35 +/- 0.41, 0.96 +/- 0.13, and 0.76 +/- 0.12 Akepa/ha at Kau Forest, Hamakua, Keauhou Ranch, and Kilauea Forest study areas, respectively. Hawaii Creepers were found at densities of 1.68 +/- 0.53, 1.79 +/- 0.42, 0.48 +/- 0.06, and 0.54 +/- 9.08 birds/ha, respectively, at the four study areas. Highest capture rates and numbers of birds counted from stations occurred from August through November and February through March. Hatching year birds were captured from May through December for Akepa and April through December for Hawaii Creeper. Annual survival for adults at Keauhou Ranch was 0.70 +/- 0.27 SE for 61 Akepa and 0.73 +/- 0.12 SE for 49 Hawaii Creepers. Lowest rates of mortality and emigration occurred between May and August. Both species appeared to defend Type-B territories typical of cardueline finches, retained mates for more than one year and showed strong philopatry. Home ranges for Hawaii Creepers (x) over bar = 7.48 ha) were larger than those Akepa ((x) over bar = 3.94 ha). No difference was found between home range sizes of males and females for either species. C1 NATL BIOL SURVEY,HAWAII FIELD STN,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718. RP RALPH, CJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 BP 615 EP 628 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PZ524 UT WOS:A1994PZ52400002 ER PT J AU KURTZMAN, CP AF KURTZMAN, CP TI MOLECULAR TAXONOMY OF THE YEASTS SO YEAST LA English DT Article DE YEASTS; SYSTEMATICS; RIBOSOMAL RNA/DNA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID REASSOCIATION; GENUS ISSATCHENKIA-KUDRIAVZEV; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BASIDIOMYCETOUS YEASTS; HETEROBASIDIOMYCETOUS YEASTS; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; HIGHER FUNGI; DNA AB The term 'yeast' is often taken as a synonym for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the phylogenetic diversity of yeasts is illustrated by their assignment to two taxonomic classes of fungi, the ascomycetes and the basidiomycetes. Subdivision of taxa within their respective classes is usually made from comparisons of morphological and physiological features whose genetic basis is often unknown. Application of molecular comparisons to questions in yeast classification offers an unprecedented opportunity to re-evaluate current taxonomic schemes from the perspective of quantitative genetic differences. This review examines the impact of molecular comparisons, notably rRNA/rDNA sequence divergence, on the current phenotypically defined classification of yeasts. Principal findings include: 1) budding ascomycetous yeasts are monophyletic and represent a sister group to the filamentous ascomycetes, 2) fission yeasts are ancestral to budding and filamentous ascomycetes, 3) the molecular phylogeny of basidiomycetous yeasts is generally congruent with type of hyphal septum, presence or absence of teliospores in the sexual state, and occurrence of cellular xylose. RP KURTZMAN, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 70 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 7 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0749-503X J9 YEAST JI Yeast PD DEC PY 1994 VL 10 IS 13 BP 1727 EP 1740 DI 10.1002/yea.320101306 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA QJ428 UT WOS:A1994QJ42800004 PM 7747515 ER PT J AU COFFIN, DR FISHMAN, ML AF COFFIN, DR FISHMAN, ML TI PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY PLASTICIZED PECTIN STARCH FILMS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Blends of citrus pectin and high amylose starch plasticized with glycerine were investigated to determine the effect of compositional variables on film properties. Several films with representative compositions were made from sugar beet and almond pectin, and tested for comparison. The films were cast from water onto glass plates, dried, and removed. Mechanical analysis was done using a Rheometrics RSA II solids analyzer. Increasing the glycerine concentration led to decreases in static modulus, dynamic modulus, and tensile strength, but to increases in elongation. Increasing levels of starch in the blend lowered the effect of glycerine on mechanical properties. Oxygen permeability of the films was extremely low. Sugar-beet pectin and almond pectin gave films with mechanical properties comparable to those made with citrus pectin. (C) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP COFFIN, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 9 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 28 PY 1994 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1311 EP 1320 DI 10.1002/app.1994.070540913 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA PP279 UT WOS:A1994PP27900013 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, SB FUSS, P HEYMAN, MB EVANS, WJ TSAY, R RASMUSSEN, H FIATARONE, M CORTIELLA, J DALLAL, GE YOUNG, VR AF ROBERTS, SB FUSS, P HEYMAN, MB EVANS, WJ TSAY, R RASMUSSEN, H FIATARONE, M CORTIELLA, J DALLAL, GE YOUNG, VR TI CONTROL OF FOOD-INTAKE IN OLDER MEN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; NATIONAL COHORT; BODY-WEIGHT; ADULTS; NUTRITION; HUMANS AB Objective.-To investigate the effects of aging on mechanisms of body energy regulation and thereby determine the causes of unexplained weight loss in older persons, a factor predisposing to premature death and disability. Design.-Dietary intervention study. Setting.-Metabolic ward and outpatient. Participants.-The subjects were 35 healthy younger and older men of normal body weight consuming a diet of typical composition and performing usual activities. Main Outcome Measures.-Subjects were either overfed by a mean (+/-SD) of 4.09 (+/-0.26) MJ/d (n=17) or underfed by 3.17 (+/-0.68) MJ/d (n=18) for 21 days. Measurements were made of changes in body weight, body composition, and energy expenditure during overfeeding or underfeeding, and of subsequent voluntary nutrient intakes and changes in body weight. Results.-There was no significant effect of aging on changes in body composition, body weight, or energy expenditure with overfeeding or underfeeding. However, following overfeeding, younger men exhibited spontaneous hypophagia, whereas the older men did not (mean [+/-SD] changes in energy intake relative to control values were -2.11 [+/-2.18] and 1.55 [+/-2.11] MJ/d, respectively; P=.006). As a result, the younger men lost the excess body weight gained during overfeeding but the older men did not. Similarly, following underfeeding, the younger men exhibited hyperphagia while the older men did not (mean [+/-SD] changes in energy intake relative to control values were 1.88 [+/-2.31] and -0.52 [+/-1.54] MJ/d, respectively; P=.02), and as a result the older men failed to regain the weight lost during underfeeding. Conclusions.-These results in 35 men suggest that aging may be associated with a significant impairment in the ability to control food intake following overeating or undereating. Since overeating and undereating occur routinely as part of the normal pattern of energy regulation, the findings reported herein may help to explain the vulnerability of older persons to unexplained weight gain and weight loss. C1 MIT, CLIN RES CTR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DEPT PEDIAT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. RP TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, ENERGY METAB LAB, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07388] NR 39 TC 246 Z9 252 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 23 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 20 BP 1601 EP 1606 DI 10.1001/jama.272.20.1601 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PR405 UT WOS:A1994PR40500027 PM 7966871 ER PT J AU CUTLER, R JOSEPH, JA YAMAGAMI, K VILLALOBOSMOLINA, R ROTH, GS AF CUTLER, R JOSEPH, JA YAMAGAMI, K VILLALOBOSMOLINA, R ROTH, GS TI AREA-SPECIFIC ALTERATIONS IN MUSCARINIC STIMULATED LOW K-M GTPASE ACTIVITY IN AGING AND ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE - IMPLICATIONS FOR ALTERED SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AGING; ALZHEIMERS DISEASE; MUSCARINIC SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; GTPASE ID POSTMORTEM HUMAN-BRAIN; RAT-BRAIN; MESSENGER-RNA; AGED RAT; RECEPTORS; BINDING; HIPPOCAMPUS; MEMBRANES; PROTEINS; REGIONS AB Carbachol-stimulated low K-m GTPase activity (an index of muscarinic receptor-G protein coupling) was examined in hippocampus, basal ganglia, orbital frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus obtained from mature, aged and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) groups. Results indicated that carbachol-stimulated low K-m GTPase activities in basal ganglia were as follows: mature controls > aged > AD, and there was a trend toward a similar pattern of decline in the hippocampus. No differences were seen in the two cortical areas examined; however, carbachol-stimulated low K-m GTPase activity was small in the mature controls. Importantly, there were significant negative correlations between disease duration and carbachol-stimulated low K-m GTPase activity in all areas examined except the orbital frontal gyrus. The longer the duration of the disease the lower the carbachol-stimulated low K-m GTPase activity. Results suggest that age and disease-related changes in mAChR-G protein interactions in the basal ganglia may contribute to reduced signal transduction (ST). In addition, since decreased carbachol-stimulated low K-m GTPase activity has also been observed in the aged rat; thus, investigations of the factors involved in decrements in signal transduction in the aged rat may be useful for understanding these alterations in aged humans or victims of AD. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA ARS, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NIA, GERONTOL RES CTR, MOLEC PHYSIOL & GENET SECT, BALTIMORE, MD 21224 USA. YOSHITOMI PHARMACEUT IND LTD, IRUMA, SAITAMA 358, JAPAN. CINVESTAV IPN, DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL, MEXICO CITY 16020, DF, MEXICO. RI Yamagami, Keiji/E-9500-2012 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD NOV 21 PY 1994 VL 664 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91953-4 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA PR431 UT WOS:A1994PR43100008 PM 7895046 ER PT J AU HAMMEL, KE MOZUCH, MD JENSEN, KA KERSTEN, PJ AF HAMMEL, KE MOZUCH, MD JENSEN, KA KERSTEN, PJ TI H2O2 RECYCLING DURING OXIDATION OF THE ARYLGLYCEROL BETA-ARYL ETHER LIGNIN STRUCTURE BY LIGNIN PEROXIDASE AND GLYOXAL OXIDASE SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; DEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETE; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; FREE-RADICALS; MECHANISM; ENZYME; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; PURIFICATION; INVOLVEMENT AB Oxidative C alpha-C beta cleavage of the arylglycerol beta-aryl ether lignin model 1-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl)-2-phenoxypropane-1,3-diol (I) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase in the presence of limiting H2O2 was enhanced 4-5-fold by glyoxal oxidase from the same fungus. Further investigation showed that each C alpha-C beta cleavage reaction released 0.8-0.9 equiv of glycolaldehyde, a glyoxal oxidase substrate. The identification of glycolaldehyde was based on C-13 NMR spectrometry of reaction products obtained from beta-, gamma-, and beta,gamma-C-13-substituted I, and quantitation was based on an enzymatic NADH-linked assay. The oxidation of glycolaldehyde by glyoxal oxidase yielded 0.9 oxalate and 2.8 H2O2 per reaction, as shown by quantitation of oxalate as 2,3-dihydroxyquinoxaline after derivatization with 1,2-diaminobenzene and by quantitation of H2O2 in coupled spectrophotometric assays with veratryl alcohol and lignin peroxidase. These results suggest that the C alpha-beta B cleavage of I by lignin peroxidase in the presence of glyoxal oxidase should regenerate as many as 3 H2O2. Calculations based on the observed enhancement of LiP-catalyzed C alpha-C beta cleavage by glyoxal oxidase showed that approximately 2 H2O2 were actually regenerated per cleavage of I when both enzymes were present. The cleavage of arylglycerol beta-aryl ether tructure by ligninolytic enzymes thus recycles H2O2 to support subsequent cleavage reactions. RP HAMMEL, KE (reprint author), USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 30 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 33 IS 45 BP 13349 EP 13354 DI 10.1021/bi00249a022 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PR785 UT WOS:A1994PR78500022 PM 7947743 ER PT J AU HARTMAN, KR CIOFFI, WG SCHOENE, NW DROST, A CARROUGHER, GJ WRIGHT, DG REED, W AF HARTMAN, KR CIOFFI, WG SCHOENE, NW DROST, A CARROUGHER, GJ WRIGHT, DG REED, W TI NEUTROPHIL AND PLASMA-LIPIDS IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE BURNS - EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID SUBSTITUTION IN ENTERAL FEEDING FORMULAS SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT HEMATOL & VASC BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USA,INST SURG RES,SAN ANTONIO,TX. USDA,HUMAN NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. BOSTON UNIV,DEPT HEMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02215. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 84 IS 10 SU 1 BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PR754 UT WOS:A1994PR75400527 ER PT J AU MACKINNON, JA MILONE, SD BRITTENHAM, GM JACOB, RA KUTNINK, MA KOREN, G OLIVIERI, NF AF MACKINNON, JA MILONE, SD BRITTENHAM, GM JACOB, RA KUTNINK, MA KOREN, G OLIVIERI, NF TI SUCCESS, AND FAILURE, OF IRON CHELATION-THERAPY WITH THE ORALLY-ACTIVE IRON CHELATOR L1 IN 2 SISTERS SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 METROHLTH CTR,CLEVELAND,OH. USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 84 IS 10 SU 1 BP A258 EP A258 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PR754 UT WOS:A1994PR75401016 ER PT J AU RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR DUBOVI, EJ AF RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR DUBOVI, EJ TI SEGREGATION OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS INTO GENOTYPES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MUCOSAL DISEASE VIRUS; 5' NONCODING REGION; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CYTOPATHOGENIC STRAINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY AB Isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were segregated into two groups based on comparison of sequences from the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the viral genome. Phylogenic analysis suggested that these groups, termed BVDV I and BVDV II, are as different from each other as reference BVDV (BVDV-NADL, BVDV-SD-1, BVDV-Osloss) are from hog cholera virus. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, based on the 5' untranslated region and the genomic region coding for the p125 polypeptide, were designed to differentiate between BVDV I and BVDV II. Using these tests, 76 of 140 isolates of BVDV were identified as BVDV II. Antigenic and pathologic differences were noted between BVDV I and BVDV II viruses. Among BVDV I were viruses commonly used in vaccine production, diagnostic tests, and research. BVDV II was isolated predominantly from fetal bovine sera, persistently infected calves born to dams vaccinated against BVDV, and cattle that had died from an acute form of BVDV termed hemorrhagic syndrome. C1 CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL VET MED,DIAGNOST LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP RIDPATH, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 47 TC 423 Z9 452 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 15 PY 1994 VL 205 IS 1 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1620 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA PQ623 UT WOS:A1994PQ62300008 PM 7975238 ER PT J AU BAO, WL FUKUSHIMA, Y JENSEN, KA MOEN, MA HAMMEL, KE AF BAO, WL FUKUSHIMA, Y JENSEN, KA MOEN, MA HAMMEL, KE TI OXIDATIVE-DEGRADATION OF NONPHENOLIC LIGNIN DURING LIPID-PEROXIDATION BY FUNGAL MANGANESE PEROXIDASE SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; LIPID PEROXIDATION; LIGNINOLYSIS; NONPHENOLIC LIGNIN; WHITE-ROT FUNGUS ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; MODEL COMPOUNDS; FREE-RADICALS; WOOD; LOCALIZATION; MECHANISM; CLEAVAGE AB A non-phenolic lignin model dimer, 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenoxypropane-1,3-diol, was oxidized by a lipid peroxidation system that consisted of a fungal manganese peroxidase, Mn(II), and unsaturated fatty acid esters. The reaction products included 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-phenoxy-3-hydroxypropane and 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-3-hydroxypropane, indicating that substrate oxidation occurred via benzylic hydrogen abstraction. The peroxidation system depolymerized both exhaustively methylated (non-phenolic) and unmethylated (phenolic) synthetic lignins efficiently. It may therefore enable white-rot fungi to accomplish the initial delignification of wood. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 22 TC 155 Z9 158 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 1994 VL 354 IS 3 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01146-X PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA PT429 UT WOS:A1994PT42900014 PM 7957943 ER PT J AU WEEKS, JT AF WEEKS, JT TI HOT PAPERS - PLANT BIOLOGY - RAPID PRODUCTION OF MULTIPLE INDEPENDENT LINES OF FERTILE TRANSGENIC WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM) - WEEKS,J.T., ANDERSON,O.D., BLECHL,A.E. SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Article AB Biologist J. Troy Weeks reports on a protocol for producing transgenic wheat lines. RP WEEKS, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD NOV 14 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 22 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PQ923 UT WOS:A1994PQ92300013 ER PT J AU PHILLIPPY, BQ ULLAH, AHJ EHRLICH, KC AF PHILLIPPY, BQ ULLAH, AHJ EHRLICH, KC TI PURIFICATION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF INOSITOL 1,3,4,5,6-PENTAKISPHOSPHATE 2-KINASE FROM IMMATURE SOYBEAN SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADRENAL GLOMERULOSA CELLS; PHYTIC ACID; MYOINOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; PENTAKISPHOSPHATE; METABOLISM; PHOSPHORYLATION; PHOSPHATES; TETRAKISPHOSPHATES; IDENTIFICATION AB Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate S-kinase was purified from immature soybean seeds harvested approximately 5 weeks post-anthesis. A crude extract was clarified using polyethyleneimine and purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Cibacron Blue 3GA-agarose, Toyopearl DEAE 650M, and Toyopearl phenyl 650M columns. The enzyme had a relative molecular mass, M(r), of 52,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and retained 50% of its activity after 6 weeks at 0 degrees C. The K-m values for inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate and MgATP, respectively, were 2.3 mu M and 8.4 mu M, and the V-max was 243 nmol/min/mg. The pH and temperature optima, respectively, were 6.8 and 42 degrees C. Maximum activity was obtained when the magnesium ion concentration was 4 mM. The kinase specifically phosphorylated the 2-position on the inositol ring and could also utilize D-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate as a substrate. The K for the reaction was 14, indicating that the enzyme may be involved in both inositol hexakisphosphate formation in maturing seeds and ATP resynthesis in germinating seeds. Substrate concentrations in mature seeds were favorable for ATP formation, whereas additional factors appeared to drive the accumulation of inositol hexakisphosphate in maturing seeds. RP PHILLIPPY, BQ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 41 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 11 PY 1994 VL 269 IS 45 BP 28393 EP 28399 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PV772 UT WOS:A1994PV77200091 PM 7961779 ER PT J AU ADLOF, RO EMKEN, EA AF ADLOF, RO EMKEN, EA TI SILVER ION HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF FATTY-ACID METHYL-ESTERS LABELED WITH DEUTERIUM ATOMS ON THE DOUBLE-BONDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Note ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIPIDS AB Silver ion HPLC (acetonitrile in hexane as solvent) was used to separate non-deuterated fatty acid methyl esters (cis-9-octadecenoate, cis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoate and cis-9,cis-12,cis-15-octadecatrienoate) from their analogues labelled with deuterium atoms on one or more of the double bonds. Placement of the deuterium atoms on the double bonds increased the retention time of the fatty acid methyl esters and could have useful applications in the analysis or isolation of deuterium-labelled fats and other metabolic products produced during the synthesis and metabolism of deuterium-labelled fatty acids. The % composition data, obtained by silver ion HPLC, can be used to evaluate isotopic purity. RP ADLOF, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 11 PY 1994 VL 685 IS 1 BP 178 EP 181 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00802-7 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PW794 UT WOS:A1994PW79400020 ER PT J AU HUTJENS, M COLE, A KIESLING, H PATERSON, J STOKKA, GL AF HUTJENS, M COLE, A KIESLING, H PATERSON, J STOKKA, GL TI FORAGE QUALITY AND NUTRITION .3. SO AGRI-PRACTICE LA English DT Discussion C1 USDA ARS,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY PRACTICE PUBL CO PI SANTA BARBARA PA 7 ASHLEY AVE SOUTH, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93103-9989 SN 0745-452X J9 AGRI-PRACTICE JI Agri-Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 15 IS 9 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA PY305 UT WOS:A1994PY30500006 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP AF DUBEY, JP TI NEOSPOROSIS SO AGRI-PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB A newly recognized protozoan disease of animals, neosporosis, is the focus of a review on the disease cattle. Distribution, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and management are explored. At present, very little is known concerning the development of protective immunity to neosporosis in cattle. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY PRACTICE PUBL CO PI SANTA BARBARA PA 7 ASHLEY AVE SOUTH, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93103-9989 SN 0745-452X J9 AGRI-PRACTICE JI Agri-Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 15 IS 9 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA PY305 UT WOS:A1994PY30500008 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP PINKER, RT SCHMUGGE, TJ HUMES, KS AF KUSTAS, WP PINKER, RT SCHMUGGE, TJ HUMES, KS TI DAYTIME NET-RADIATION ESTIMATED FOR A SEMIARID RANGELAND BASIN FROM REMOTELY-SENSED DATA SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; SURFACE; ALBEDO; SYSTEM; FLUXES AB The relationships between daytime averages of net radiation (R(n,dt)) and solar radiation (R(s,dt)) were investigated with data collected from the MONSOON 90 experiment conducted in a semiarid rangeland basin. Just as in many previous studies, a regression between R(n,dt) and R(s,dt) was performed. In an attempt to account for more of the variability in R(n,dt), soil moisture was included as an additional independent variable. The behavior of the ratio R(n,dt)/R(s,dt) was also investigated. It was found that both temporal and spatial variations in this ratio were mainly correlated with surface shortwave albedo and soil moisture. Measurements of microwave brightness temperatures from an L-band (21 cm wavelength) radiometer, sensitive to near-surface soil moisture, also showed a high correlation with R(n,dt)/R(s,dt). Estimates of R(s,dt) from the GOES-7 satellite were used with the soil moisture data to compute R(n,dt). The results indicate that improved estimates of basin-scale R(n,dt) for semiarid rangelands can be obtained by including soil moisture measurements. This may lead to more accurate regional-scale estimates of daily ET with operational methods using satellite-based measurements. Comparisons between R(n,dt) and R(s,dt) during the dry and wet seasons suggested that the variation in surface albedo and temperature are required in order to fully account for observed differences in equations predicting R(n,dt) and the ratio R(n,dt)/R(s,dt). C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT METEOROL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP KUSTAS, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 71 IS 3-4 BP 337 EP 357 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90019-1 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PP636 UT WOS:A1994PP63600008 ER PT J AU BLACKMER, TM SCHEPERS, JS VARVEL, GE AF BLACKMER, TM SCHEPERS, JS VARVEL, GE TI LIGHT REFLECTANCE COMPARED WITH OTHER NITROGEN STRESS MEASUREMENTS IN CORN LEAVES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL; TRANSMITTANCE AB New tools that can rapidly quantify the N status of corn could be valuable in N fertilizer management practices. This study was conducted to compare light reflectance from corn leaves with other parameters used to detect N deficiencies. Light reflectance (400-700 mm) as measured from corn leaves in the laboratory with a Hunter tristimulus colorimeter was compared with Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter readings (light transmittance at 650 and 940 nm), leaf N concentrations, and specific leaf N (N cont ent per unit area). Measurements were made on individual ear leaves collected from an irrigated corn N response trial with four hybrids and five N treatments. Light reflectance near 550 nm was the best wavelength to separate N treatment differences. Reflectance at 550 nm provided a stronger relationship with both leaf N concentration and chlorophyll meter readings than between chlorophyll ll meter readings and leaf N concentration. The measurement of light reflectance near 550 mn has promise as a technique to detect N deficiencies in corn leaves. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP BLACKMER, TM (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 14 TC 184 Z9 218 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 934 EP 938 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100002 ER PT J AU CARY, EE NORVELL, WA GRUNES, DL WELCH, RM REID, WS AF CARY, EE NORVELL, WA GRUNES, DL WELCH, RM REID, WS TI IRON AND MANGANESE ACCUMULATION BY THE BRZ PEA MUTANT GROWN IN SOILS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PISUM-SATIVUM-L AB Leaf composition of the bronze (brz) mutant pea [Pisum sativum L. cv. Sparkle E107 (brz brz)] and its parent genotype (cv. Sparkle) have been compared when grown in nutrient culture, but not when grown in soil where pH has been adjusted to reduce readily available Fe and Mn. Both genotypes were grown in a growth chamber in five soils that differed in pH and DTPA-extractable Fe and Mn. The brz genotype accumulated very high, and often toxic, concentrations of Fe and Mn when grown in acidic soils, while Sparkle did not. Liming reduced leaf-Fe and leaf-Mn concentrations in the bn mutant, but Fe toxicity symptoms were still evident in older leaves. In the acidic soils, leaves of the bn plants also accumulated significantly more Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, and P than did leaves of Sparkle plants. Roots of the brz genotype depressed soil pH by several tenths of a pH unit more than did roots of Sparkle. In contrast to results obtained in the acidic and near-neutral soils, the brz mutant and its parent grew similarly in a calcareous soil (pH 8.2), which contained low concentrations of DTPA-extractable Fe and Mn. In conclusion, the brz mutant pea consistently accumulates high levels of Fe and Mn when these metal ions are present in readily available forms. Liming an acid soil to near-neutral pH did not prohibit the bn mutant from accumulating potentially toxic concentrations of Fe, but growing the mutant in a calcareous soil did. C1 USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 938 EP 941 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100003 ER PT J AU MUSICK, JT JONES, OR STEWART, BA DUSEK, DA AF MUSICK, JT JONES, OR STEWART, BA DUSEK, DA TI WATER-YIELD RELATIONSHIPS FOR IRRIGATED AND DRYLAND WHEAT IN THE US SOUTHERN PLAINS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID USE EFFICIENCY; GRAIN-SORGHUM; SOIL-WATER; PERFORMANCE; TEMPERATURE; CULTIVARS; AUSTRALIA; SYSTEM AB A climate with high evaporative demand and limited precipitation restrict yields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the semiarid U.S. southern High Plains. Stress effects can be avoided or minimized by management practices that increase soil water storage at planting or by application of irrigation water We analyzed a 178 crop-year database of irrigated and dryland wheat data from Bushland, TX, to develop relationships that define the grain yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) response to a wide range in seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) associated with water deficits and to evaluate yield response to stored soil water at planting. The PT-grain yield relationship was determined as Linear, with a regression slope of 1.22 kg grain per m(3) ET above the ET threshold of 208 mm required to initiate grain yield. Marximum yields (>7.0 Mg ha(-1)) required 650 to 800 mm seasonal ET. Maximum yields observed in the combined database were 2.8 and 8.2 Mg ha(-1) for dryland and irrigated wheat, respectively. The Linear regression response of grain yield to soil water stored at planting, 1.57 kg m(-3), was significantly higher than the yield response to seasonal ET. Largely similar WUE values occurred over a wide range of seasonal ET within irrigated and dryland data sets; however, WUE values for irrigated wheat averaged about double the values for dryland wheat. A curvilinear relationship determined between WUE and yield emphasizes the importance of obtaining high yields for efficient water use. RP MUSICK, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB, PO DRAWER 10, BUSHLAND, TX 79012 USA. NR 34 TC 120 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 980 EP 986 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100010 ER PT J AU STUDDERT, GA WILHELM, WW POWER, JF AF STUDDERT, GA WILHELM, WW POWER, JF TI IMBIBITION RESPONSE OF WINTER-WHEAT TO WATER-FILLED PORE-SPACE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SEED IMBIBITION; GERMINATION; CONDUCTIVITY; LEAKAGE; STRESS; SOILS AB Reduced temperature and increased bulk density associated with conservation tillage systems cause lower seed germination, seedling emergence, and early growth rates resulting in reduced plant stands. Prediction of the influence of soil condition on seed imbibition through simple soil measurements would help make agronomic decisions such as planting date and/or density. Our objectives were to evaluate the influence of soil water-filled pore space on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed imbibition and to assess the possibility of describing the relationship through simple mathematical models. We measured the rate of water uptake by heat-killed wheat seeds at three levels of water-filled pore space (WFPS: 0.35, 0.60, and 0.85) and temperature (T: 278, 283, and 288 K) and two levels of bulk density (Pb: 1.25 and 1.40 Mg m(-3)) in a Sharpsburg silty clay loam topsoil. The model proposed in 1972 by Blacklow to estimate seed water content (theta(s)) after imbibing water for time t, theta(s(t)) = (m + ot) - (m - theta(s(0))) e(-qt), was fitted to seed water content as a function of time and initial seed water content, theta(s(0))., This equation adequately described the process of water absorption (for 18 treatment combinations, R(2) greater than or equal to 0.963). The model parameter 0 was related (R(2) = 0.88) to WFPS and rho(b), and q was related (R(2) = 0.78) to T and WFPS. The third parameter, m, was significantly but weakly related (P<0.01, r(2) = 0.26) to initial seed weight. We showed that easily measured sail properties and simple mathematical models can be used to predict wheat seed imbibition under a variety of soil conditions. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NACL MAR DEL PLATA,FAC CIENCIAS AGR,RA-7620 BALCARCE,BUENOS AIRES,ARGENTINA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1000 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100012 ER PT J AU STOUT, WL AF STOUT, WL TI EVALUATION OF THE SPUR MODEL FOR GRASSLANDS OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; NITROGEN; BIOMASS AB Computer models that simulate grassland production must be valid for the ecosystem in which they are used. Our objective was to develop a grassland production data base and to use the data base to calibrate and validate a grassland production model for the northeastern United States. The SPUR (Simulation of Production and Utilization of Rangeland) model was evaluated for its ability to simulate aboveground biomass production in two physiographic provinces of northeastern USA. The model was calibrated for orchardgrass and switchgrass using one year of plant, soil, and weather data from four study sites. Calibrations mainly involved adjustment of photosynthetic rate, root-to-shoot ratio, temperature for root-to-shoot translocation, and rooting depth. Once calibrated, the model was validated by simulating aboveground biomass production for two ensuing Sears on the four sites. Two years of simulated biomass for the grasses agreed well with the observed biomass on all four study sites with r(2) values of 0.48 for orchardgrass and 0.70 for switchgrass. The largest discrepancies between simulated and observed biomass occurred early in the spring at low levels of N fertilization. In its present form, SPUR can be used to develop production indices for cool- and warm-season grasses on different soils. RP STOUT, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1005 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100013 ER PT J AU POTTER, KN WILLIAMS, JR AF POTTER, KN WILLIAMS, JR TI PREDICTING DAILY MEAN SOIL TEMPERATURES IN THE EPIC SIMULATION-MODEL SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP; GROWTH AB Soil temperature is an important component of crop simulation models, because it affects crop growth and development, nutrient cycling, and, in some cases, water infiltration. This study Has conducted to determine the efficacy of the EPIC (Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator) mean soil temperature model and to evaluate the Parton mean surface temperature model developed for a shortgrass steppe in an agricultural simulation model. Simulated mean daily 0.05-m soil temperatures Here compared with measured mean daily 0.05-m soil temperatures from three locations (Bushland, TX; Boone, IA; and Mandan, ND) for a range of residue management practices. The EPIC model simulated mean 0.05-m soil temperature trends, although the predicted temperature lagged measured temperatures by 3 to 5 d, and the predicted temperature oscillations Here dampened compared with the measured temperatures. The Parton model followed the mean daily temperature oscillations, but generally overestimated early spring mean soil temperatures. Simple adjustments to both models greatly enhanced temperature predictions. RP POTTER, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1006 EP 1011 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100014 ER PT J AU JUNG, GA SHAFFER, JA EVERHART, JR AF JUNG, GA SHAFFER, JA EVERHART, JR TI FALL MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON GRASSLANDS-MATUA PRAIRIE GRASS PRODUCTION AND SWARD CHARACTERISTICS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BROMUS-WILLDENOWII KUNTH; PERSISTENCE; FREQUENCY AB Ruminant animal production costs in the northeastern USA can be lowered by extending the fall grazing season. Two field experiments were initiated with prairie grass [Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H.B.K.cv. Grasslands Matua; syn. B. willdenowii Kunth] to determine effects of fall management (i.e., clipping) on forage production and winter survival. Plantings were made in May 1986 for Exp. 1 and June 1990 for Exp. 2. Experiment 1 addressed date of fall harvest and residual stubble height effects on fall yields and tiller density, winter survival, and spring yields and tiller density. Experiment 2 addressed the interaction of harvest frequency and residual stubble height on the same parameters as for Exp. 1. Fall yields of Matua peaked at 4.0 Mg ha(-1) in late October to early November (Exp. 1 and 2). Mean fall yields were reduced 20, 40, and 60% as residual stubble height was increased from 7.5 cm to 12.5, 20.0 or 25.0 cm, respectively (Exp. 1). Spring yields were high from plots clipped to a 7.5-cm stubble in September and decreased as fall han-est was delayed to November (Exp. 1). Spring yields from plots clipped to a 7.5-cm stubble in late November were only 20 to 25% of yields from plots clipped in September. Leaving a higher residual stubble in fall compensated considerably for the deleterious effect of harvesting in late fall. Clipping to a 20.0-, :12.5- or 7.5-cm stubble in fall resulted in linear decreases in spring yields as fall harvest was delayed from September to November, and clipping to 25.0 cm gave a quadratic response, with a peak at mid-October. Matua plots that were harvested once in late fall or not at all (check) recovered very slowly in spring and had a lower yield potential than plots that had been harvested two, three, or Pour times in fall. To optimize production of Matua in fall and spring it is recommended that one slimmer rest period be extended to allow natural reseeding and that two or three fall harvests or gratings be taken to increase stand density and winter survival. RP JUNG, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1032 EP 1039 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100019 ER PT J AU MAGAI, MM SLEPER, DA BEUSELINCK, PR AF MAGAI, MM SLEPER, DA BEUSELINCK, PR TI DEGRADATION OF 3 WARM-SEASON GRASSES IN A PREPARED CELLULASE SOLUTION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY; RUMEN MICROORGANISMS; BIG BLUESTEM; LEAF BLADES; LEAVES; SWITCHGRASS; ANATOMY; TISSUE; STEMS AB Information is needed on the relationship between anatomical structure and the rate and extent of cell wall degradation in warm-season forage grasses, The objective was to study the pattern, rate, and extent of tissue degradation of three warm-season grasses in a prepared cellulase solution, using light microscopy. Most recent fully collared leaf blades from field-grown big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were cut into 5-cm sections and digested in 10 mt prepared cellulase solution with an acid-pepsin pretreatment. All material was in a vegetative state. Leaf segments were retrieved after 3, 9, 23, 48, and 72 h incubation and prepared for light microscopy by fixation, dehydration and embedding in Spurr's low-viscosity resin, Sections 5 mu um thick were made using an ultramicrotome, and undigested tissues in cross section were measured with a computer-based image analysis system. The proportion of undigested tissue in cross section after 72 h incubation ranged from 25.4% in big bluestem to 35.0% in switchgrass. Switchgrass contained a higher percentage of parenchyma bundle sheath tissue than either big bluestem or indiangrass, Digestion of all tissues except mesophyll and phloem was delayed until after 24 h incubation, Differences among species tended to de greater in extent of digestion than in rate, Degradation of the parenchyma bundle sheath was significantly less in switchgrass than in either big bluestem or indiangrass after 72 h incubation, Digestion of the abaxial epidermis was nearly complete in big bluestem after 72 h incubation. The adaxial epidermis was more readily degraded than the abaxial epidermis, These results imply that differences in digestibility among the three warm-season grasses could be attributed to differences in the degradation of their individual tissue types. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1049 EP 1053 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100022 ER PT J AU CLARK, AJ DECKER, AM MEISINGER, JJ AF CLARK, AJ DECKER, AM MEISINGER, JJ TI SEEDING RATE AND KILL DATE EFFECTS ON HAIRY VETCH CEREAL RYE COVER CROP MIXTURES FOR CORN PRODUCTION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; NITROGEN AB Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) fixes N for corn (Zea mays L.) production, and cereal rye (Secale cereale L,) accumulates soil N to reduce potential N losses, The objective of this research was to identify optimum seeding rates of vetch-rye cover crop mixtures at Coastal Plain and Piedmont locations in Maryland. Mixtures evaluated were 14, 21, and 28 kg vetch ha(-1), and 47 or 94 kg rye ha(-1) in complete factorial combination, Pure vetch, rye, and no cover crop were used as controls, Cover crops were killed in early April (early kill) and early May (late kill), followed by no-till corn without fertilizer N. Corn grain yields were significantly higher following late-killed covers, Coastal Plain grain yields ranged from 3.1 to 7.0 Mg ha(-1) and Piedmont yields ranged from 5.2 to 10.7 Mg ha(-1), Within each kill date, corn yield was highest following vetch, lowest following rye, and intermediate following all six mixtures, Cover crop yield increased by 160% in the Piedmont and 83% at the Coastal Plain location when kill was delayed, Except for pure rye, N content was 1.6 to 2 times greater bg the late kill date. Total N content was equal for all vetch-rye mixtures at each date and within location, ranging from 74 to 109 kg ha(-1) for early kill, and from 136 to 219 kg ha(-1) for late kill. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (C/N) were <25:1 for all mixture combinations at the Piedmont Location and for mixtures with low rye component at the Coastal Plain location. The best seeding rate mixture for corn production was 21 kg vetch ha(-1) and 47 kg rye ha(-1). The vetch-rye mixture can scavenge potentials leachable N, while maintaining corn yields by adding fixed N to the cropping system. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL NITROGEN LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CLARK, AJ (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 23 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1065 EP 1070 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100025 ER PT J AU GOENAGA, RJ IRIZARRY, H AF GOENAGA, RJ IRIZARRY, H TI ACCUMULATION AND PARTITIONING OF DRY-MATTER IN WATER YAM SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB There is a scarcity of held-growth data from which a yam (Dioscorea alata L.) grow th model could be developed to promote agrotechnology transfer of the crop in the tropics. A 2-yr field study w as conducted on Corozal soil (clayey miued isohyperthermic Aquic Tropudults) in an initial effort to collect data on patterns of leaf area development and dry matter accumulation and partitioning among various plant parts during growth and development of yam plants. In the first year of the study, plants of D. alata cv, Gunung were subjected to fertilizer rates of 0, 667, 1333, 2000, and 2667 kg ha(-1) of a 15-2.2-12.4-3% (N-P-K-Mg) commercial mixture at 50 d after planting (DAP). Biomass harvests were conducted at 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 DAP. For all plant parts studied, dry matter content was not significantly affected by fertilizer treatment. Even after excluding application of fertilizer during the second year, there were no statistical differences in total and tuber dry matter content between years. Maximum leaf area index values (LAI approximate to 8) Here attained by 140 DAP. During this period, leaves and vines accounted for at least 80% of the total plant dry matter; thereafter, their dry matter content declined. After 140 DAP, increases in total dry matter were the result of rapid increases in tuber dry matter accumulation, The lack of response to fertilizer treatment and high tuber dry matter production suggest that the preplanting soil nutrient status was adequate to support optimum growth of the yam cultivar used during both years of this study, even without the application of fertilizer. RP GOENAGA, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RES STN,POB 70,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1083 EP 1087 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100029 ER PT J AU POWER, JF KOERNER, PT AF POWER, JF KOERNER, PT TI COVER CROP PRODUCTION FOR SEVERAL PLANTING AND HARVEST DATES IN EASTERN NEBRASKA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID 3 SOIL TEMPERATURES; NITROGEN-FIXATION AB Species used for cover crops vary greatly in their growth response to water availability, soil temperature, length of growing period, day length, and related environmental factors. Few reports compare growth of different species at different times during the growing season. This 4-yr field experiment at Lincoln, NE, compared growth of some 20 species as affected by planting date and length of the growth period. All species were planted as early as possible each spring, with a second seeding in early summer (25 June-17 July). Additional seedings were made at other times in most years. All plots were periodically sampled for dry matter production until maturity or frost. At most samplings, growth of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] was equal to or greater than (sometimes double) that of the next species. In most situations, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) also performed well. Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) or Austrian winter pea [P. sativum L. subsp. sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir.] and fava-bean (Vicia faba L.) grew very rapidly for the first 60 to 90 d after planting. Lespedeza [Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino] grew relatively well when seeded in early summer, as did tinga pea (Lathyrus tingitanus L.) and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata]. Rye (Secale cereale L.) was usually intermediate, and small-seeded legumes generally exhibited relatively slow growth the first 60 d. Results suggest that certain large-seeded, cool-season legumes would produce best for early spring seeding before row crops or summer fallow, whereas some warm-season species would be better suited for summer seeding after small grain harvest. Soybean and hairy etch were well suited for almost all situations in this environment. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DIV AGR,LINCOLN,NE. RP POWER, JF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1092 EP 1097 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100031 ER PT J AU MCMASTER, GS WILHELM, WW BARTLING, PNS AF MCMASTER, GS WILHELM, WW BARTLING, PNS TI IRRIGATION AND CULM CONTRIBUTION TO YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WINTER-WHEAT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-STRESS; VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT; APEX DEVELOPMENT; PLANTING DATE; SPRING WHEAT; GROWTH; CULTIVARS; NITROGEN; MORPHOLOGY; MANAGEMENT AB Water is generally the limiting factor in U.S. Great Plains wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. With increasing demands for limited weter, improving the efficacy of irrigation is critical. One technique is to irrigate during responsive stages of crop development, but few studies have examined this approach. This 2-yr study on a Nunn clay loam soil (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aridic Argiustoll) was designed to examine the effects of irrigation, based on stage of crop development, on winter wheat yield, yield components (on a plant basis), and specific culm responses. In the first year, the treatments were control (dryland), and irrigation at late jointing. In the second year, the treatments were dryland, irrigation at late jointing, irrigation at anthesis, and irrigation at both late jointing and anthesis. Irrigation at late jointing or anthesis significantly increased grain yield and the most important yield component (spikes per plant), as well as spikelets per plant, number of kernels per plant, and kernel weight per plant. The increased spikes per plant in the irrigation treatments, particularly with late-jointing irrigation, was due to reduced tiller abortion. Increased yield was primarily due to the contribution of more secondary tillers (T10, T11, T24 T21, T34 and T31) that produced spikes. The contribution of main stems to the total yield decreased from 92% to at most 86% with irrigation, although the dry weight of main-stem spikes increased with irrigation. The contribution to total yield of the main yield-producing tillers, T1 and T2, decreased from 20 to 15% and 19 to 15%, respectively, with irrigation. As with main-stem spikes, irrigation also increased T1 and T2 spike dry weight. Therefore, the production of secondary spikes due to irrigation treatments was not at the expense of main stem or primary tilter spikes. If only one irrigation can be applied, irrigation at late jointing is recommended for central Great Plains conditions, due to its greater effect on tiller survival. This implies that developmental and physiological processes at late jointing are critical in determining final grain yield, and water stress should be avoided at this growth stage. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP MCMASTER, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1123 EP 1127 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QC621 UT WOS:A1994QC62100037 ER PT J AU HARBO, J AF HARBO, J TI EFFECTS OF HIVE COLOR AND HEAT ON TRACHEAL MITES SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP HARBO, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 134 IS 11 BP 741 EP 742 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PP232 UT WOS:A1994PP23200020 ER PT J AU PETERSON, EB HERTEL, TW STOUT, JV AF PETERSON, EB HERTEL, TW STOUT, JV TI A CRITICAL-ASSESSMENT OF SUPPLY-DEMAND MODELS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURAL POLICY; STATIC EQUILIBRIUM MODELS ID INDUSTRY; CONDUCT; POWER AB We offer a critical assessment of static, deterministic, reduced form, supply-demand (SD) models of agricultural trade. A commonly used and well-documented model has significant limitations: no explicit treatment of factor mobility between farm and nonfarm sectors, nonzero profits in some sectors, no no substitutability among feedstuffs in livestock sectors, violation of the law of one price, small marketing margins for some commodities, and incomplete coverage of the agricultural sector. Such limitations have significant impacts on the magnitude and direction of projected world price and welfare changes. We believe agricultural policy analysis should first focus on the remediation of these limitations before proceeding to more complex issues like dynamics and uncertainty. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP PETERSON, EB (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & APPL ECON,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 76 IS 4 BP 709 EP 721 DI 10.2307/1243733 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PT583 UT WOS:A1994PT58300002 ER PT J AU FEATHER, PM AF FEATHER, PM TI SAMPLING AND AGGREGATION ISSUES IN RANDOM UTILITY MODEL ESTIMATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE AGGREGATION; CHOICE SETS; IMPORTANCE SAMPLING; RANDOM SAMPLING; RANDOM UTILITY MODELS ID LAKE RECREATION; QUALITY AB Measurement of nonmarket values often involves subjective judgments. Since these judgments may influence results, they should be carefully considered. I focus on an aspect of subjective choice relating to the estimation of random utility models. Such models require specification of each recreationalist's choice set. Whether an individual perceives his choice set as composed of all possible alternatives, a few popular alternatives, or collections of spatially aggregated alternatives is an important judgment affecting the conclusions. RP FEATHER, PM (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 76 IS 4 BP 772 EP 780 DI 10.2307/1243738 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PT583 UT WOS:A1994PT58300007 ER PT J AU HALBRENDT, C TUAN, F GEMPESAW, C DOLKETZ, D AF HALBRENDT, C TUAN, F GEMPESAW, C DOLKETZ, D TI RURAL CHINESE FOOD-CONSUMPTION - THE CASE GUANGDONG SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; CHINA; RURAL FOOD FOOD CONSUMPTION ID DEMAND AB Chinese consumer behavior is analyzed based on rural Guangdong household survey data. For most food items, own-price elasticities estimated with an AIDS model are inelastic. Commodity substitution due to relative price changes is small, except in the case of grain. Commodities most responsive to expenditure changes are meats, poultry, fruits, sweets, and durable goods. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP HALBRENDT, C (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT FOOD & RESOURCE ECON,NEWARK,DE 19718, USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 76 IS 4 BP 794 EP 799 DI 10.2307/1243740 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PT583 UT WOS:A1994PT58300009 ER PT J AU MOORE, MR GOLLEHON, NR CAREY, MB AF MOORE, MR GOLLEHON, NR CAREY, MB TI MULTICROP PRODUCTION DECISIONS IN WESTERN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE - THE ROLE OF WATER PRICE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; LIMITED-DEPENDENT VARIABLES; MULTIOUTPUT PRODUCTION; WATER DEMAND; WATER PRICE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES ID TECHNOLOGIES; ALLOCATION; DEMAND AB Applying a model of the multioutput firm, econometric results are reported for irrigated production in four multistate regions of the American West. Cross-sectional microdata from the Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey and limited-dependent variable methods are used to estimate crop-choice, supply, land allocation, and water demand functions for field crops. Farm-level water demand is decomposed into the sum of crop-level water demands, and crop-level demands are further separated into an extensive margin (land allocations) and intensive margin (short-run water use). Response to water price (measured as groundwater pumping cost) occurs primarily at the extensive margin. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGR ECON,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP MOORE, MR (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 27 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 76 IS 4 BP 859 EP 874 DI 10.2307/1243747 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PT583 UT WOS:A1994PT58300016 ER PT J AU FORSYTHE, KW CORSO, B AF FORSYTHE, KW CORSO, B TI WELFARE EFFECTS OF THE NATIONAL PSEUDORABIES ERADICATION PROGRAM - COMMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Note ID COSTS RP FORSYTHE, KW (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,CTR EPIDEMIOL & ANIM HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 76 IS 4 BP 968 EP 971 DI 10.2307/1243760 PG 4 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PT583 UT WOS:A1994PT58300029 ER PT J AU HAHN, WF AF HAHN, WF TI ELASTICITIES IN AIDS MODELS - COMMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Note ID DEMAND RP HAHN, WF (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 76 IS 4 BP 972 EP 977 DI 10.2307/1243761 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PT583 UT WOS:A1994PT58300030 ER PT J AU HARRINGTON, DH AF HARRINGTON, DH TI STRUCTURE, AND THE CHANGING FACE OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE - HALLAM,A SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP HARRINGTON, DH (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 76 IS 4 BP 981 EP 983 DI 10.2307/1243764 PG 3 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PT583 UT WOS:A1994PT58300033 ER PT J AU AHEARN, MC AF AHEARN, MC TI ACHIEVING DIVERSITY - THE STATUS AND PROGRESS OF WOMEN AND AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN THE AGRICULTURAL-ECONOMICS PROFESSION - MARCHANT,MA, WILLIAMSON,H SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP AHEARN, MC (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 76 IS 4 BP 983 EP 986 DI 10.2307/1243765 PG 4 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PT583 UT WOS:A1994PT58300034 ER PT J AU KUHN, BA AF KUHN, BA TI SOIL AND WATER-QUALITY - AN AGENDA FOR AGRICULTURE - NATL-RES-COUNCIL-BOARD-AGR-COMM-LONG-RANGE-SOIL-AND-WATER-CONSERVAT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP KUHN, BA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 76 IS 4 BP 988 EP 990 DI 10.2307/1243767 PG 3 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PT583 UT WOS:A1994PT58300036 ER PT J AU PARRY, IWH AF PARRY, IWH TI AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH - SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST-CENTURY - RUTTAN,VW SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP PARRY, IWH (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 76 IS 4 BP 990 EP 991 DI 10.2307/1243768 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PT583 UT WOS:A1994PT58300037 ER PT J AU BUISING, CM SHOEMAKER, RC BENBOW, RM AF BUISING, CM SHOEMAKER, RC BENBOW, RM TI EARLY EVENTS OF MULTIPLE BUD FORMATION AND SHOOT DEVELOPMENT IN SOYBEAN EMBRYONIC AXES TREATED WITH THE CYTOKININ, 6-BENZYLAMINOPURINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-REGENERATION; CELL-CYCLE; COTYLEDONARY NODE; DNA-SYNTHESIS; GLYCINE-MAX; ORGANOGENESIS; EMBRYOGENESIS; POLYMORPHISM; REPLICATION; GENOTYPES AB Early events of multiple bud formation and shoot development in germinating soybean embryonic axes treated for 24 hr with the cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), were compared to the development of untreated control axes using four different techniques: photomicrography, scanning electron microscopy, histology, and autoradiography. Shoot apex development in BAP-treated embryonic axes was delayed by about 9 to 15 hr. A transient inhibition of DNA synthesis in the primary apical meristem and axillary buds was observed with subsequent changes in the timing of cell division patterns in these regions. Meristematic regions (supernumerary vegetative buds) were observed in BAP-treated axes around the perimeter of the apical dome at and above the level of the axillary buds. Cells elongated from some of the BAP-induced meristematic regions to form four to six shoots. In the absence of BAP, excision of the primary apical meristem and/or axillary buds did not result in multiple bud formation. These results suggest that transient exposure to BAP interrupted chromosomal DNA replication and reprogrammed the developmental fate of a large number of cells in the shoot apex. We postulate that interruption of DNA synthesis, either directly, by interfering with DNA replication, or indirectly, by preventing entry into S-phase, effected redetermination of the shoot apex cells. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,NUCLE ACID RES FACIL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. DRAKE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,DES MOINES,IA 50311. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1435 EP 1448 DI 10.2307/2445317 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT263 UT WOS:A1994PT26300012 ER PT J AU ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ PRATT, JA POND, WG AF ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ PRATT, JA POND, WG TI ACCURACY OF DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY FOR BODY-COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS IN CHILDREN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BODY COMPOSITION; DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; DXA; CARCASS ANALYSIS; FAT; BONE MINERAL CONTENT; CHILDREN ID BONE; GROWTH; SPINE; FAT AB The accuracy of body-composition measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was assessed by comparison with total carcass chemical analysis in 16 pigs with a weight range of 5-35 kg. Two software versions for body-composition analyses with the DXA instrument were evaluated. Although both software versions accurately predicted body weight, there were significant differences in the partitioning between bone mineral content (BMC), nonbone lean tissue, and body-fat compartments. All estimates of body composition were highly correlated (r(2) greater than or equal to 0.98) with the results of the direct chemical reference method. SEEs were 226-271 g for body weight, 387-429 g for fat, 3.5-4.3 kg for fat-free mass, and 35.4-36.5 g for BMC. For bone, both software versions produced BMC values that were approximate to 25% below the total carcass ash content. For the absolute mass of body fat, one DXA analysis provided underestimates that averaged 19.5% below the reference chemical method, whereas the alternate software version resulted in overestimates, averaging 15.5%. Conversely, the average fat-free compartment was initially overestimated by 968 g, then underestimated by 892 g. The impact of these differences in the body-composition analyses by DXA were examined in a group of 18 young boys 4-12 y of age. RP ELLIS, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 11 TC 182 Z9 184 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 60 IS 5 BP 660 EP 665 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PN572 UT WOS:A1994PN57200003 PM 7942570 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN MEYDANI, M RALL, LC MORROW, F BLUMBERG, JB AF MEYDANI, SN MEYDANI, M RALL, LC MORROW, F BLUMBERG, JB TI ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY OF HIGH-DOSE, SHORT-TERM SUPPLEMENTATION WITH VITAMIN-E IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-E; SAFETY; AGE; HUMANS ID MEGAVITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; ENZYMATIC DETERMINATION; E CONSUMPTION; PLASMA; SERUM; DISEASE; PREVENTION; SELENIUM; ANALYZER; PROTEIN AB The effect of daily supplementation of 800 mg dl alpha-tocopheryl acetate for 30 d on general health, nutrient status, hepatic and renal function, intermediary metabolism, hematological status, plasma nutrients and antioxidant status, thyroid hormones, and urinary creatinine concentrations was studied in 32 healthy elderly (> 60 y) people who participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, residential trial. The subjects reported no side effects due to the supplements. Supplementation had no effect on body weight, plasma total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides, conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, indicators of hepatic and renal function, hematologic status, thyroid hormones, or serum and urinary creatinine concentrations and creatinine clearance. Supplementation did cause a significant increase in serum vitamin E, and a small (5%) but significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma zinc in the vitamin E-supplemented group. Thus, short-term supplementation with 800 mg vitamin E/d has no adverse effect on healthy older adults. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR EVALUAT LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 54 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 60 IS 5 BP 704 EP 709 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PN572 UT WOS:A1994PN57200009 PM 7942576 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, SA STUFF, JE AF ABRAMS, SA STUFF, JE TI CALCIUM-METABOLISM IN GIRLS - CURRENT DIETARY INTAKES LEAD TO LOW RATES OF CALCIUM-ABSORPTION AND RETENTION DURING PUBERTY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM ABSORPTION; CALCIUM REQUIREMENTS; STABLE ISOTOPES; BONE FORMATION ID PEAK BONE MASS; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; MINERAL DENSITY; STABLE ISOTOPES; BALANCE; CHILDREN; AGE; SUPPLEMENTATION; REQUIREMENTS; KINETICS AB We evaluated the effects of self-selected diets on calcium absorption and calculated retention in girls during pre-, early, and late puberty. Dietary calcium absorption was measured in 51 girls aged 4.9-16.7 y by using a dual-tracer stable-isotope technique. We found that calcium intake was similar among girls of all ages and all degrees of pubertal development and was below the recommended dietary allowance (1200 mg/d) for 21 of 25 girls aged greater than or equal to 11 y. The early pubertal period was associated with a higher percent of dietary calcium absorption (34.4 +/- 11.9%) than was the prepubertal (27.7 +/- 8.2%) or late pubertal periods (25.9 +/- 7.8%). Calculated calcium retention averaged 132 +/- 83 mg/d in prepubertal girls, 161 +/- 88 mg/d in early pubertal girls, and 44 +/- 91 mg/d in late pubertal girls. Peak calcium retention during early puberty was far below that previously reported after higher calcium intakes. We conclude that peak periods for calcium retention for girls are in the pre- and early pubertal periods. The current calcium intake of American girls during the pubertal growth period may not enable maximal mineral retention; therefore, increased calcium intakes should be considered. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP ABRAMS, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 34 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 60 IS 5 BP 739 EP 743 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PN572 UT WOS:A1994PN57200015 PM 7942582 ER PT J AU LYU, LC SHIEH, MJ POSNER, BM ORDOVAS, JM DWYER, JT LICHTENSTEIN, AH CUPPLES, LA DALLAL, GE WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ AF LYU, LC SHIEH, MJ POSNER, BM ORDOVAS, JM DWYER, JT LICHTENSTEIN, AH CUPPLES, LA DALLAL, GE WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY-INTAKE, LIPOPROTEINS, AND APOLIPOPROTEINS IN TAIPEI AND FRAMINGHAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIET; BODY MASS INDEX; TAIPEI CHINESE; FRAMINGHAM AMERICANS; LDL CHOLESTEROL; HDL CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; LDL CHOLESTEROL-HDL CHOLESTEROL ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION-PROGRAM; PLASMA-LIPIDS; SERUM-LIPIDS; NUTRIENT INTAKE; A-I; MEN; OBESITY AB To determine whether the lower rates of heart disease in Taiwan than in the United States could be related to associations between plasma lipoproteins and dietary intake, we assessed these indexes in 423 adults in Taipei matched with 420 adults in Framingham, MA. Concentrations of LDL cholesterol were 14% lower, HDL cholesterol 9% higher, and LDL cholesterol: HDL cholesterol 27% lower in Taipei than in Framingham. Dietary intakes of total fat (34%), saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol (338 mg) were, respectively, 16%, 41%, and 19% lower in Taipei men, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acid intake was 89% higher than in Framingham men. Similar differences were seen for women except for total fat and cholesterol intakes, which were similar. From stepwise analyses of all subjects, we observed significant associations of lower LDL cholesterol: HDL cholesterol with higher polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes and lower body mass indexes in both men and women. Our data indicate that the more favorable lipoprotein profiles observed in Taipei subjects may be partly due to differences in type of dietary fat consumption as well as in body mass index. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DIV BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. TAIPEI MED COLL,DEPT NUTR & HLTH SCI,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. BOSTON UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,FRANCES STERN NUTR CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,EPIDEMIOL & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,FRAMINGHAM,MA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 61 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 60 IS 5 BP 765 EP 774 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PN572 UT WOS:A1994PN57200019 PM 7942585 ER PT J AU RAMSAY, TG WOLVERTON, CK STEELE, NC AF RAMSAY, TG WOLVERTON, CK STEELE, NC TI ALTERATION IN IGF-I MESSENGER-RNA CONTENT OF FETAL SWINE TISSUES IN RESPONSE TO MATERNAL DIABETES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GROWTH; GENE EXPRESSION; ADIPOSE; MUSCLE ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; BINDING-PROTEIN; SERUM LEVELS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; INSULIN; RAT; LIVER; PIGS; SOMATOMEDINS AB Diabetes alters the level of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA in tissues of postnatal animals, but the impact of maternal diabetes or gestational diabetes on IGF-I mRNA abundance in fetal tissues has not been examined; Pregnant pigs were injected with either buffer or alloxan (50 mg/kg) at day 75 of gestation to induce diabetes. Fetal tissue samples were collected at clay 105 of gestation, and IGF-I mRNA abundance (densitometric units/10 mu g total RNA) were estimated by specific ribonuclease protection assay. Fetal glucose and IGF-I concentrations were increased 166 and 34%, respectively, by maternal diabetes. Maternal diabetes induced an increase in abundance of IGF-I mRNA in fetal skeletal muscle, liver, heart, kidney, and placenta. IGF-I mRNA levels were depressed by maternal diabetes in fetal adipose tissue and brain compared with the respective tissues from fetuses of control pigs. These data indicate that circulating levels of IGF-I and the steady-state levels of IGF-I mRNA in fetal tissues can respond to the metabolic and endocrine alterations occurring during maternal diabetes. The large variation in expression and degree of response among fetal tissues indicates that the fetus experiences tissue-specific regulation of IGF-I expression during development. C1 USDA ARS, NONRUMINANT NUTR LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ANIM SCI, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. RI Wolverton, Christopher/B-7542-2009 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 267 IS 5 BP R1391 EP R1396 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA PW534 UT WOS:A1994PW53400031 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, KA MACLACHLAN, NJ KAT, PW HOUSE, C OBRIEN, SJ LERCHE, NW SAWYER, M FRANK, LG HOLEKAMP, K SMALE, L MCNUTT, JW LAURENSON, MK MILLS, MGL OSBURN, BI AF ALEXANDER, KA MACLACHLAN, NJ KAT, PW HOUSE, C OBRIEN, SJ LERCHE, NW SAWYER, M FRANK, LG HOLEKAMP, K SMALE, L MCNUTT, JW LAURENSON, MK MILLS, MGL OSBURN, BI TI EVIDENCE OF NATURAL BLUETONGUE VIRUS-INFECTION AMONG AFRICAN CARNIVORES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; KENYA AB Bluetongue is an International Office of Epizootics List A disease described as the century's most economically devastating affliction of sheep. Bluetongue (BLU) viruses were thought to infect only ruminants, shrews, and some rodents, but recently, inadvertent administration of BLU virus-contaminated vaccine resulted in mortality and abortion among domestic dogs. We present evidence of natural BLU virus infection among African carnivores that dramatically widens the spectrum of susceptible hosts. We hypothesize that such infection occurred after ingestion of meat and organs from BLU virus-infected prey species. The effect of BLU virus on endangered carnivores such as the cheetah and African wild dog requires urgent investigation. Also, the role of carnivores in the epizootiology of this disease needs elucidation. C1 USDA,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NCI,VIRAL CARCINOGENESIS LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PSYCHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV ENVIRONM STUDIES,DAVIS,CA 95616. GAME CONSERVANCY,UPLAND RES GRP,NEWTONMORE PH20 1BE,INVERNESS,SCOTLAND. NATL PK BOARD,KRUGER NATL PK,TRANSVAAL 1350,SOUTH AFRICA. RP ALEXANDER, KA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Alexander, Kathleen/A-9765-2010 OI Alexander, Kathleen/0000-0001-7338-5341 NR 42 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 51 IS 5 BP 568 EP 576 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PW466 UT WOS:A1994PW46600008 PM 7985748 ER PT J AU PARSONSON, IM THOMPSON, LH WALTON, TE AF PARSONSON, IM THOMPSON, LH WALTON, TE TI EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED INFECTION WITH BLUETONGUE VIRUS SEROTYPE-11 IN COWS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; BOVINE; SHEEP AB The consequences of inoculation of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 11 into 16 susceptible cows either at the time of breeding or at specified stages of pregnancy were studied. The cows were free of BTV or epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and none had antibodies to BTV before virus inoculation. A group of 4 cows was mated naturally to a bull reported to shed BTV-22 (CO75B300 strain) in the semen. The bull was suspected of infecting cows at: mating with BTV-11, which subsequently transplacentally infected the developing fetuses and induced persistently infected and congenitally malformed progeny. Two groups of 4 pregnant cows were inoculated with an insect-derived strain of BTV-11 (CO75B300), one group by direct deposit into the uterus at estrus, the other, by intradermal and sc administrations. A 90-day fetus was inoculated in utero with virus from the same pool. Four pregnant cows were inoculated with sheep blood-passaged virus of the same BTV-11 strain (CO75B300) by intradermal and sc routes. Three cows were inoculated with BTV-free suspending fluids and ovine erythrocytes by the intrauterine and intradermal-sc routes and were used as in-contact: controls. Infection with insect-derived BTV-11 was confirmed in 3 cows of 1 group by virus isolation and by detection of serum antibodies. The 4 cows inoculated with sheep blood suspension of BTV-11 developed viremia and produced antibodies to the virus. None of the cattle had clinical signs of bluetongue, other than 2 cows that had a slight rectal temperature increase on postinoculation day 4. All cows and fetuses that ranged in gestational age from 69 to 217 days appeared grossly normal at necropsy. Antibodies were not detected in fetal blood. Viral antigen was not detected in fetal tissues by inoculation into sheep or by immunofluoerscence, and viral RNA was not detected by use of the polymerase chain reaction. Developmental deformities were not seen in any fetus. The BTV-11 was not transmitted via the bull semen after natural mating. The BTV-11 strain CO75B300, isolated from this bull and passaged either as insect-derived or ovine erythrocyte suspensions, infected 8 cows. However, the virus was not transplacentally transmitted to their fetuses. It was concluded that there was no evidence for congenital BTV-11 infection in this study. C1 USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1529 EP 1534 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PP314 UT WOS:A1994PP31400007 PM 7879975 ER PT J AU GOTH, RW HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR AF GOTH, RW HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR TI VERTICILLIUM WILT RESISTANT GERMPLASM - RELEASE OF RUSST CLONE-B0169-56 SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; PROCESSING; RUSSET; POTATO EARLY DYING; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; VERTICILLIUM-ALBO-ATRUM ID EARLY DYING DISEASE; POTATO; DAHLIAE AB Potato breeding selection B0169-56 is being released by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service as germplasm that is highly resistant to Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthier and V. dahliae Kleb. In five years of field testing in the Verticillium wilt plot in Presque Isle, Maine, the level of resistance as measured by symptom severity is equal to that of Russette. In 1993, in plots inoculated with both species of Verticillium, there was a 15, 27 and 62% yield reduction for B0169-56, Russette, and Superior, respectively. After four years of evaluation in yield and processing trials in Presque Isle, Maine, B0169-56 has yielded and fried as well as Russet Burbank. Tubers are russet-skinned, oblong to long and cylindrical. Tubers of B0169-56 size early, a necessary quality for an eastern russet. It is both female and male fertile. This selection is currently undergoing further evaluation at multiple state locations for possible commercialization. Seed is available from the USDA/ARS, Beltsville, Maryland. C1 USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,PRESQUE ISLE,ME 04769. RP GOTH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 71 IS 11 BP 735 EP 742 DI 10.1007/BF02849211 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PV952 UT WOS:A1994PV95200002 ER PT J AU VERTUCCI, CW ROOS, EE CRANE, J AF VERTUCCI, CW ROOS, EE CRANE, J TI THEORETICAL BASIS OF PROTOCOLS FOR SEED STORAGE .3. OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENTS FOR PEA-SEEDS STORED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Society-for-Low-Temperature-Biology Symposium on Low Temperature Aspects of Seed Conservation CY SEP 14-15, 1993 CL ARDINGLY, ENGLAND SP SOC LOW TEMPERATURE BIOL DE SEED STORAGE; SEED AGING; SEED LONGEVITY; WATER CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; GLASS; DESICCATION DAMAGE; ULTRADRY; PISUM SATIVUM L; PEA; CRYOPRESERVATION ID DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; CONTENT LIMIT; TISSUE WATER; LONGEVITY; TRANSITIONS; CRYOPRESERVATION; DEHYDRATION; HYDRATION; DAMAGE; STATE AB In previous work, we demonstrated that there was an optimum moisture level for seed storage at a given temperature (Vertucci and Roos, 1990), and suggested, using thermodynamic considerations, that the optimum moisture content increased as the storage temperature decreased (Vertucci and Roos, 1993 b). In this paper, we present data from a two year study of aging rates in pea (Pisum sativum) seeds supporting the hypothesis that the optimum moisture content for storage varies with temperature. Seed viability and vigour were monitored during storage under dark or lighted conditions at relative humidities between 1 and 90%, and temperatures between -5 and 65 degrees C. The optimum moisture content varied from 0.015 g H2O g(-1) d.wt at 65 degrees C to 0.101 g H2O g(-1) d.wt at 15 degrees C under dark conditions and from 0.057 at 35 degrees C to 0.092 g H2O g(-1) d.wt at - 5 degrees C under lighted conditions. Our results suggest that optimum moisture contents cannot be considered independently of temperature. This conclusion has important implications for 'ultra-dry' and cryopreservation technologies. RP VERTUCCI, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,1111 S MASON ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 51 TC 81 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 74 IS 5 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1006/anbo.1994.1151 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PU401 UT WOS:A1994PU40100014 ER PT J AU CHARLET, LD SEILER, GJ AF CHARLET, LD SEILER, GJ TI SUNFLOWER SEED WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) AND THEIR PARASITOIDS FROM NATIVE SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS) IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE SMICRONYX SPP; SUNFLOWERS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; SMICRONYX-FULVUS; BIONOMICS; DAKOTA; FAUNA AB Seed weevils and their associated parasitoids were collected from sunflower heads of eight Helianthus spp. in seven states of the northern Great Plains. Native Helianthus annuus L. constituted the majority of the populations. Weevil larvae collected included both the red and gray sunflower seed weevils, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte and S. sordidus LeConte, respectively. The gray sunflower seed weevils represented 92.4% of the adults collected. Weevil larvae occurred in most samples of sunflower heads; usually more than one-half of the samples contained one or both weevil species. Density of weevil larvae was low, usually less than one larva per sunflower head. Each native species of sunflower, except H. annuus, had a lower incidence of the red sunflower seed weevil than gray sunflower seed weevil. Populations of some sunflower species may possess genes offering resistance to the red sunflower seed weevil and should be evaluated further for resistance to the species. We identified five species of endoparasitic Hymenoptera from the two weevil species, Eutrichosoma mirabile Ashmead (Pteromalidae) and four species of Braconidae; Urosigalphus femoratus Crawford, Nealiolus rufus (Riley), N. curculionis (Fitch), and Triaspis aequoris Martin. U. femoratus was the most prevalent parasitoid species, representing almost-equal-to 45% of the adults reared from the weevil larvae. These parasitoid species, except N. curculionis, represent new host records from the red and gray sunflower seed weevils. Parasitization rates averaged 0-18.0%. Weevil larvae in seeds of native sunflowers were parasitized more heavily than others have reported for larvae from seeds of cultivated sunflower. RP CHARLET, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 831 EP 835 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PT330 UT WOS:A1994PT33000015 ER PT J AU SCHIFF, NM SHEPPARD, WS LOPER, GM SHIMANUKI, H AF SCHIFF, NM SHEPPARD, WS LOPER, GM SHIMANUKI, H TI GENETIC DIVERSITY OF FERAL HONEY-BEE (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) POPULATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; POPULATION GENETICS ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; ALLOZYME VARIABILITY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ENZYME POLYMORPHISM; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; LIGUSTICA; PATTERNS; CARNICA; HISTORY AB Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and allozyme analyses of 692 feral honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies revealed significant genetic population structure (heterogeneity) in the southern tier of the United States. Analysis of mtDNA haplotypes showed that 61% of the colonies were maternal descendants of the European races most commonly used for commercial beekeeping and 37% were descendants of a race (A. m. mellifera L.) that was imported between 1620 and the 1860s, but is no longer used commercially. Twelve colonies from five states exhibited an African haplotype associated with the race A. m. lamarckii Cockerell introduced from Egypt > 100 yr ago. Several electrophoretic alleles not previously reported from U.S. populations were detected, and malate dehydrogenase allele frequencies for the 692 colonies were determined to be Mdh65 = 0.47, Mdh80 = 0.33, and Mdh100 = 0.20. Despite the significant heterogeneity of allele frequencies, no significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were detected when all bees sampled were artificially pooled into one population or by individual states. The Mdh80 frequency was higher than that found in previous studies of commercial populations, suggesting a disproportionately higher genetic contribution of A. m. mellifera to the feral population. The discovery of significant heterogeneity among U.S. feral honey bees implies that this population may represent a source of genetic variation for breeding programs. RP SCHIFF, NM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BARC E,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 842 EP 848 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PT330 UT WOS:A1994PT33000017 ER PT J AU SMITH, L AF SMITH, L TI TEMPERATURE INFLUENCES FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE OF ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) PARASITIZING MAIZE WEEVIL LARVAE IN SHELLED CORN SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE; HOST DENSITY; PARASITOID ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; RICE WEEVIL; CURCULIONIDAE; INTERFERENCE; SUPPRESSION; DENSITY; KERNELS; WASP; HOST AB The functional response of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) attacking Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky on shelled corn was measured at constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35-degrees-C. Separate random parasite equations (Rogers, D. J. 1972. Random search and insect population models. J. Anim. Ecol. 41: 369-383) were fit to the number of progeny produced in 1 d. Temperature was incorporated into Rogers' equation by making both the attack coefficient (a) and handling time (T(h)) functions of temperature. The attack coefficient was fitted as an exponential function and handling time as an inverse function of temperature. The resulting four-parameter composite model fit the data as well as the separate Rogers' equations, although the predicted functional response plateau at temperatures > 20-degrees-C tended to be lower than those of the Rogers' equations. RP SMITH, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 849 EP 855 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PT330 UT WOS:A1994PT33000018 ER PT J AU ROEHRDANZ, RL LOPEZ, JD LOERA, J HENDRICKS, DE AF ROEHRDANZ, RL LOPEZ, JD LOERA, J HENDRICKS, DE TI LIMITED MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA POLYMORPHISM IN NORTH-AMERICAN POPULATIONS OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MESSENGER TRANSFER DNA; GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION ID GENOME; ORGANIZATION; GENETICS; SEQUENCE; RANGE; SIZE AB Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction-site variability was surveyed in geographically divergent collections of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Two types of mtDNA analysis were employed, total DNA was digested with restriction enzymes and Southern blots probed with labeled purified mtDNA, and polymerase chain reaction amplified portions of the mtDNA (16S ribosomal DNA and the COI-COII regions) were subjected to digestion with restriction enzymes and the fragments visualized directly. Individuals from four locations in the United States and Mexico were used (Georgia, California, and two in Sonora). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was also used on a smaller number of individuals from Tennessee, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas. For the total mtDNA, 11 restriction enzymes cleaved almost-equal-to 65 sites. Seven restriction enzymes cleaved almost-equal-to 30 restriction sites using PCR-RFLP. Seven haplotypes were identified with each technique. Haplotype 1 (total mtDNA) comprised 85% of individuals. The other six haplotypes were found only once or twice. Haplotype 1 (PCR) was found in 91% of the individuals. The other five haplotypes were rare. Population distributions show that the rare haplotypes are scattered among the geographical locations. No major geographically distinct populations were discovered. This suggests that the overall population passed through a bottleneck and expanded from a small population in recent evolutionary history, or that it annually expands from a common reservoir population, or that incoming migrants breed freely with those that may have overwintered locally, or a combination of the three. The findings are consistent with the reported migratory nature of the species, distribution of morphometric types in the western hemisphere, and a survey of enzymatic polymorphisms in the southern United States. C1 USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PTES MANAGEMENT UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. INIFAP,CTR INVEST AGR,RIO BRAVO 88900,TAMAULIPAS,MEXICO. USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP ROEHRDANZ, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 856 EP 866 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PT330 UT WOS:A1994PT33000019 ER PT J AU TEPEDINO, VJ TORCHIO, PF AF TEPEDINO, VJ TORCHIO, PF TI FOUNDING THE USURPING - EQUALLY EFFICIENT PATHS TO NESTING SUCCESS IN OSMIA-LIGNARIA-PROPINQUA (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE OSMIA; NEST USURPATION; ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS ID ASSESSMENT STRATEGY; DIGGER WASP; BEES; COMPETITION; PARASITISM; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; FIELD AB We examined usurpation of nest holes of four diameters in a greenhouse population of the xylophilous bee, Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson. Although vacant holes were always in unlimited supply, almost-equal-to 25% of all nests made were usurped. Of all females, almost-equal-to 75% usurped at least one nest, 65% lost at least one nest to usurpation, and half were both usurpers and usurpees. Females tended to choose holes of the same diameter and in the same general area as their previous nest whether they were usurping or founding. Females usurped only when they encountered an active, but unattended, nest while they were searching for a new hole. Current occupants of a hole, whether founders or usurpers, were always successful in defending the hole, apparently because of the positional advantage of fighting from within the nest. Although no founder ever succeeded in regaining a nest that had been usurped, all founders contested ownership with intruders intermittently for almost-equal-to 30 min before conceding defeat. In some cases, founders appeared to incur injury during their assaults on the intruder. The ratio of usurped to founded nests did not differ significantly from the ratio of occupied to vacant holes. Females differed greatly in the proportion of nests that they usurped. Large females were usurpers significantly more often than were small females. Usurping and founding were equivalent ways of producing progeny and either method yielded almost-equal-to 1.5 live progeny per day. RP TEPEDINO, VJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 87 IS 6 BP 946 EP 953 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PT330 UT WOS:A1994PT33000032 ER PT J AU TRAIL, F CHANG, PK CARY, J LINZ, JE AF TRAIL, F CHANG, PK CARY, J LINZ, JE TI STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF THE NOR-1 GENE INVOLVED IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF AFLATOXINS BY ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLONING; METHYLTRANSFERASE; TRANSFORMATION; CONTAMINATION; PURIFICATION; MYCOTOXINS; CONVERSION; EXPRESSION; NIDULANS; ENZYMES AB The nor-1 gene was cloned previously by complementation of a mutation (nor-1) in Aspergillus parasiticus SU-1 which blocked aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis, resulting in the accumulation of norsolorinic acid (NA). In this study, the nucleotide sequences of the cDNA and genomic DNA clones encompassing the coding region of the nor-1 gene were determined. The transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites of nor-1 were located by primer extension and RNase protection analyses and by comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the nor-1 genomic and cDNA clones. A plasmid, pNA51-82, was created for one-step disruption of the nor-1 gene by inserting a functional copy of the nitrate reductase (niaD) gene from A. parasiticus into the coding region of the nor-1 gene. Transformation of A. parasiticus NR-3 (niaD Afl(+)) with pNA51-82 resulted in niaD(+) transformants that accumulated NA and produced reduced levels of aflatoxin as determined by thin-layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses of extracts from mycelia and the growth medium. Southern analysis of genomic DNA isolated from the NA-accumulating transformants indicated that the wild-type nor-1 gene in the chromosome had been replaced by the nonfunctional allele carried on pNA51-82. This recombinational inactivation event provides direct evidence that the nor-1 gene is functionally involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Comparison of the predicted nor-1 amino acid sequence with sequences in the GenBank and EMBL databases suggested that the protein is a member of the family of short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases, consistent with its proposed function as a keto reductase. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA52003-01A1] NR 46 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 60 IS 11 BP 4078 EP 4085 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PP139 UT WOS:A1994PP13900027 PM 7993094 ER PT J AU LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM CARRASCO, W JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ AF LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM CARRASCO, W JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ TI SHORT-TERM CONSUMPTION OF A LOW-PAT DIET BENEFICIALLY AFFECTS PLASMA-LIPID CONCENTRATIONS ONLY WHEN ACCOMPANIED BY WEIGHT-LOSS - HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, LOW-FAT DIET, AND PLASMA-LIPIDS SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDE; DIET LOW FAT; WEIGHT LOSS ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; POLY-UNSATURATED FAT; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIETS; SUNFLOWER OIL; ENERGY-INTAKE; SERUM-LIPIDS; CORN-OIL; MONOUNSATURATED FAT; LOWERING DIETS AB Study subjects (6 women and 5 men) over the age of 40 years with fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations > 130 mg/dL were studied during three 5-week diet phases and one 10-week phase: baseline (36% fat: 13% saturated fatty acids [SFA], 12% monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA], 8% polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], and 128 mg choresterol/1000 kcal); reduced fat (29% fat: 7% SFA, 9% MUFA, 11% PUFA, and 85 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal); and two low fat (15% fat: 5% SFA, 5% MUFA, 3% PUFA, and 73 mg cholestero1/1000 kcal). Body weight was maintained during the first three 5-week phases (baseline, reduced fat, and low fat [--> energy]) and decreased during the last 10-week phase when the low-fat diet was provided such that the subjects determined, in part, their caloric intake (low fat [down arrow energy]). Mean body weight declined by 0.62+/-0.47 kg/wk during the first 5 weeks and 0.43+/-0.43 kg/wk during the second 5 weeks of the 10-week low-fat (down arrow energy) period. Relative to the baseline diet, plasma cholesterol concentrations decreased from 226+/-33 to 195+/-19 (-13%), 208+/-22 (-7%), and 190+/-19 (-15%) mg/dL when the subjects consumed the reduced-fat, low-fat (--> energy), and low-fat ((down arrow energy) diets, respectively. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased from 158+/-28 to 128+/-16 (-18%), 134+/-17 (-14%), and 119+/-15 (-23%) mg/dL when the subjects consumed the reduced-fat, low-fat (--> energy), and low-fat (down arrow energy) diets, respectively. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased from 48+/-11 to 42+/-9 (-10%), 35+/-7 (-25%), and 38+/-8 (-18%) mg/dL when the subjects consumed the reduced-fat, low-fat (--> energy), and low-fat (down arrow energy) diets, respectively. Triglyceride concentrations increased from 110+/-32 to 115+/-31 (8%), 188+/-76 (75%), and 130+/-32 (22%) mg/dL when the subjects consumed the reduced-fat, low-fat (--> energy), and low-fat(down arrow energy) diets, respectively. Maximal changes in plasma lipid concentrations were observed after the first 5 weeks of the low-fat (down arrow energy) diet phase despite continued weight loss throughout the entire 10-week diet period. These data suggest that very-low-fat diets (15% of calories) beneficially affect plasma lipid profiles relative to the baseline (36% of calories) or reduced-fat (29% of calories) diets only when accompanied by weight loss. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. RP LICHTENSTEIN, AH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 39326] NR 72 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1751 EP 1760 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PR450 UT WOS:A1994PR45000010 PM 7947600 ER PT J AU MCKENZIE, LM HAO, WM RICHARDS, GN WARD, DE AF MCKENZIE, LM HAO, WM RICHARDS, GN WARD, DE TI QUANTIFICATION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS EMITTED FROM SMOLDERING COMBUSTION OF WOOD SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SEMIVOLATILE COMPOUNDS; AIR TOXICS; SMOLDERING COMBUSTION; BIOMASS BURNING; PONDEROSA PINE ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THERMAL-DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; COLLECTION; PYROLYSIS; SMOKE; QUANTITATION; EMISSIONS; TRACERS; IMPACT AB The major condensible products (-45-degrees-C) from smoldering combustion of ponderosa pine sapwood have been identified and quantified. Methylene chloride extracts of the condensate, as well as nonextracted condensate, were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Non-condensed gases were analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). About 83-93% of the carbon consumed in the fires has been accounted for. Variability in yields of compounds between individual fires ranged from 3 to 39% for most components, which indicates the fires and the analytical procedures are reproducible. The major products in the condensate (as percentage by weight of wood consumed) are acetic acid (0.44%), methanol (0.43%), vinyl acetate (0.3%), pyruvic aldehyde (0.12%) and acetol (0.2%). Vinyl acetate does not appear to have been reported as a major component of wood smoke. The other major products are known components of wood smoke. The molar ratios of emitted condensible products to carbon monoxide have been calculated and may form a future basis for assessing the exposure of humans to these products in large-scale biomass fires. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN FIRE SCI LAB,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807. RP MCKENZIE, LM (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,SHAFIZADEH CTR WOOD & CARBOHYDRATE CHEM,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. RI McKenzie, Lisa/D-4501-2014 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 28 IS 20 BP 3285 EP 3292 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00158-H PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PW172 UT WOS:A1994PW17200009 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, JH WALKER, RH GUERTAL, EA NORTON, LD EASON, JT AF EDWARDS, JH WALKER, RH GUERTAL, EA NORTON, LD EASON, JT TI OPTIONS FOR RECYCLING ORGANICS ON FARM LAND SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA,ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. SAND MT SUBSTN,CROSSVILLE,AL. RP EDWARDS, JH (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36830, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD NOV PY 1994 VL 35 IS 11 BP 66 EP 68 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA PR643 UT WOS:A1994PR64300012 ER PT J AU BRIESE, DT SHEPPARD, AW ZWOLFER, H BOLDT, PE AF BRIESE, DT SHEPPARD, AW ZWOLFER, H BOLDT, PE TI STRUCTURE OF THE PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT FAUNA OF ONOPORDUM THISTLES IN THE NORTHERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; HOST SPECIALIZATION; INSECT FEEDING NICHES; PLANT HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS ID CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Thistles of the genus Onopordum (Asteraceae: Cardueae) have become serious weed problems in parts of Australia and North America following introduction from their native Eurasian ranges, and are the target of a biological control programme in Australia. This paper analyses the results of three separate surveys of insects Feeding and breeding on thistles of the genus Onopordum in the Mediterranean region. Of the 129 species found feeding, 74 species also bred on these thistles. Endophages comprised 54% of the breeding insects, with species that fed in the capitula and within the rosette crown/root area predominating. The Coleoptera and Hemiptera were the dominant endophage and ectophage taxa, respectively. Differences in the Onopordum fauna were noted between host species and between geographic regions, but this was largely due to the generalist component of the fauna. Onopordum specialists showed little variability across regions or between different species within the host genus. On comparing the fauna of Onopordum with that of other thistle genera, it was suggested that plant-herbivore interactions between Onopordum and its fauna are less highly evolved, in that there is less host specialization and a lesser degree of niche partitioning. This appears to be related to the low rate of speciation and habitat specialization within the host genus itself. The potential of certain genus-specific insects as biological control agents for Onopordum spp. is discussed. It is argued that the absence of a high degree of niche specialization could favour successful biological control, as the agent would be capable of inflicting damage over a wider range of resource gradients. C1 CSIRO,BIOL CONTROL UNIT,F-34982 MONTFERRIER LEZ,FRANCE. UNIV BAYREUTH,LEHRSTUHL TIEROKOL 1,BAYREUTH,GERMANY. USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RI Sheppard, Andy/C-1045-2009 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 53 IS 3 BP 231 EP 253 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1994.tb01011.x PG 23 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA PR977 UT WOS:A1994PR97700002 ER PT J AU ECHTERNKAMP, SE HOWARD, HJ ROBERTS, AJ GRIZZLE, J WISE, T AF ECHTERNKAMP, SE HOWARD, HJ ROBERTS, AJ GRIZZLE, J WISE, T TI RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CONCENTRATIONS OF STEROIDS, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I, AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR BINDING-PROTEINS IN OVARIAN FOLLICULAR-FLUID OF BEEF-CATTLE SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; RAT GRANULOSA-CELLS; STIMULATING-HORMONE; IGF-I; EXPRESSION; LOCALIZATION; GONADOTROPIN; FOLLICLES; IGFBP-2; HEIFERS AB The relationship between ovarian follicular steroidogenesis and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) activity was evaluated during the follicular phase of the bovine estrous cycle. In experiment 1, follicles were collected from cyclic cows (n = 11) slaughtered at 48 h after administration of prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF; 35 mg i.m.). In experiment 2, cows were injected twice daily with saline (control) or FSH (FSH cows; total dosage = 42 mg) from Day 2 to Day 6 (estrus = Day 0) and with PGF (35 mg i.m.) on Day 7; follicles were collected from control cows (n = 20) slaughtered at 0, 24, 48, or 72 h and from FSH cows (n = 8) at 0 and 48 h after PGF. Follicular fluid was assayed for estradiol (E(2)), androstenedione (A(4)), progesterone (P-4), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) by RIA and for IGFBP activity by ligand blotting and densitometry. Intensities of the 34-kDa (IGFBP-2), 29-27-kDa, and 22-kDa IGFBP bands in follicular fluid were nondetectable or were lower (p < 0.01) in the fluid of large (greater than or equal to 8 mm) E-active (E-A; E(2) > 50 ng/ml and > P-4) follicles than in large E-inactive (E-I), medium (5-7 mm), or small (< 5 mm) follicles. IGFBP-3 (44-40-kDa doublet) was unaffected by follicle stage in experiment 1, but IGFBP-3 was lower (p < 0.01) in follicular fluid of E-A vs. E-I large follicles in experiment 2. Profiles of IGFBP activity were similar in follicular fluid of small, medium, and E-I large follicles. In experiment 2, E(2) concentrations in large E-A follicles increased (p < 0.01) from 0 to 48 h after the PGF injection for control cows but decreased (P < 0.01) for FSH cows, whereas follicular fluid IGFBP-2 binding activity decreased from 0 to 48 h after PGF in controls and increased in FSH cows (treatment X time, P < 0.05). IGFBP-3 binding was unaffected by FSH treatment or time after administration of PGF. Profiles of IGFBP activity in homogenates of granulosa or theca cells were similar to follicular fluid profiles except for the absence of IGFBP-3 binding activity. The disappearance of binding activities for IGFBP-2 and smaller-molecular-mass IGFBPs in E-A follicles suggests a possible regulatory role for IGFBPs in follicular maturation and on aromatase activity. Likewise, the elevated E(2) secretion in large follicles recruited by FSH in vivo coincided with a reduction in binding activity of IGFBPs (i.e., less than or equal to 34 kDa) in the follicular fluid. RP ECHTERNKAMP, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 38 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 51 IS 5 BP 971 EP 981 DI 10.1095/biolreprod51.5.971 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA PL955 UT WOS:A1994PL95500019 PM 7531509 ER PT J AU LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC AF LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC TI PRODUCTION OF PULLULAN FROM FUEL ETHANOL BY-PRODUCTS BY AUREOBASIDIUM SP STRAW NRRL Y-12,974 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYSACCHARIDES AB Byproducts of fuel ethanol production from wet-milled corn, were tested as substrates for growth and pullulan production by Aureobasidium sp. strain NRRL Y-12,974. The strain grew well on core fiber and corn condensed distiller's solubles (CCDS), and fermented CCDS to pullulan. CCDS compared favorably with starch as a substrate for pullulan production. RP LEATHERS, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1163 EP 1166 DI 10.1007/BF01020844 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PV262 UT WOS:A1994PV26200010 ER PT J AU GOETSCH, AL FERRELL, CL FREETLY, HC AF GOETSCH, AL FERRELL, CL FREETLY, HC TI EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SUPPLEMENTS ON SPLANCHNIC OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION AND NET FLUXES OF NUTRIENTS IN SHEEP CONSUMING BROMEGRASS (BROMUS-INERMIS) HAY AD-LIBITUM SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BROMUS INERMIS; SPLANCHNIC METABOLISM; FORAGE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENT ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; MAIZE-BASED DIETS; NATIVE GRASS HAY; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; METABOLITE FLUX; SOYBEAN HULLS; DRIED-GRASS; FEED-INTAKE; FESCUE HAY AB Fifteen sheep (53 kg), with catheters in a hepatic vein, the portal vein and a mesenteric vein and artery, were offered a bromegrass (Bromus inermis) hay (104 g crude protein (CP), 700 g neutral-detergent fibre and 65 g acid-detergent lignin/kg dry matter (DM)) ad lib. with different supplements to determine the effects on net flux of oxygen and nutrients across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver. The sheep were unsupplemented (Control) or received 5 g DM/kg body weight (BW) of ground maize (M), 7 g DM/kg BW of soya-bean hulls (II) or 0.73 g DM/kg BW of a mix of feedstuffs high in rumen-undegradable protein (P). Apparent digestible energy (DE) intakes were 5.3, 10.4, 10.6 and 6.7 (SE 0.74) MJ/d and apparent digestible CP intakes were 37, 50, 79 and 68 (SE 4.3) g/d for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively. Splanchnic tissue oxygen consumption rates were 0.23, 0.32, 0.30 and 0.27 (SE 0.054) mol/h, and oxidative metabolism accounted for 0.46, 0.31, 0.33 and 0.47 (SE 0.051) of DE intakes for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively, Supplements increased (P < 0.05) release of alpha-amino nitrogen (AAN) by the PDV (4.2, 17.5, 19.6 and 18.1 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively). Splanchnic net flux of AAN was not affected by supplement treatments. Hepatic release of urea-N was increased (P < 0.05) by supplement treatments (27, 40, 46 and 44 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P respectively); the P treatment increased (P < 0.05) and the H treatment tended (P = 0.10) to increase splanchnic release of urea-N (7, 10, 20 and 27 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively). Net flux of glucose across the PDV was -4.6, 1.4, -5.6 and -7.2 (SE 1.65) mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively. Hepatic glucose released averaged 23 (SE 2.0) mmol/h and was not affected by treatment. Treatments M and H increased (P < 0.05) PDV release of propionate compared with the Control treatment (4.5, 15.5, 16.8 and 7.7 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively). Release of acetate by the PDV was 43, 97, 118 and 67 (SE 23.9) mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively. In summary, different supplements of low-quality grass did not increase the efficiency of N metabolism by splanchnic tissues. Treatment P had little effect on net flux across splanchnic tissues of glucose, L-lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Overall, treatments M and H had similar effects on splanchnic net fluxes of VFA and L-lactate whereas butyrate and beta-hydroxybutyrate releases by the PDV were increased by treatment M. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP GOETSCH, AL (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 72 IS 5 BP 701 EP 712 DI 10.1079/BJN19940072 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PW526 UT WOS:A1994PW52600005 PM 7826993 ER PT J AU GILLESPIE, RL KEMP, WP AF GILLESPIE, RL KEMP, WP TI COMPARISON OF AGE STRUCTURE OF 3 MELANOPLUS SPP (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) IN WINTER-WHEAT AND ADJACENT RANGELAND SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GRASSHOPPERS AB Significant differences in age structure of grasshopper populations [Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius), M. bivittatus (Say), and M. packardii Scudder] occurred in winter wheat and adjacent rangeland. In 1988, age structure differences were associated with density shifts in winter wheat between sample periods suggesting that older instars dispersed into the crop but younger instars remained in rangeland. In 1989 there was some partitioning of age classes between the two habitats, but no pattern emerged as in 1988. In 1990, significantly more older instars were collected in winter wheat than in rangeland. There were shifts in percentage density of the three grasshopper species in winter wheat but again no patterns emerged. C1 USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP GILLESPIE, RL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COOPERAT EXTENS,COURTHOUSE,BOX 37,EPHRATA,WA 98823, USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 126 IS 6 BP 1277 EP 1285 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QD969 UT WOS:A1994QD96900001 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, NC FRENCH, BW REED, DK BURD, JD KINDLER, SD AF ELLIOTT, NC FRENCH, BW REED, DK BURD, JD KINDLER, SD TI HOST SPECIES EFFECTS ON PARASITIZATION BY A SYRIAN POPULATION OF DIAERETIELLA-RAPAE MINTOSH (HYMENOPTERA, APHIDIIDAE) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP ELLIOTT, NC (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SPA,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN RD,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 126 IS 6 BP 1515 EP 1517 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QD969 UT WOS:A1994QD96900013 ER PT J AU MELGAR, J ROY, KW ABNEY, TS AF MELGAR, J ROY, KW ABNEY, TS TI SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME OF SOYBEAN - ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMATOLOGY, AND EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION AND HETERODERA-GLYCINES ON INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX; FUSARIUM SOLANI; HETERODERA GLYCINES; ETIOLOGY ID FUSARIUM-SOLANI; PATHOGENICITY AB Soybeans were grown in field microplots in sterile, noninfested soil versus soil infested with either Fusarium solani (form A), Heterodera glycines (the soybean cyst nematode), or both. Symptoms of sudden death syndrome occurred on plants in soil containing F. solani or F. solani plus H. glycines. Signs (macroconidia) sometimes occurred on symptomatic roots. Fusarium solani was reisolated from symptomatic plants but not from asymptomatic ones. Histological data further confirmed F. solani as the causal agent and documented the presence of F. solani chlamydospores in infected roots and cysts. Fusarium solani was not isolated from surface-disinfested seeds of infected plants. Irrigation increased disease incidence and severity. Heterodera glycines was not necessary for infection of plants by F. solani; however, when combined with F. solani, leaf symptoms occurred earlier and were more severe. Inoculation with F. solani plus H. glycines increased the incidence of tip dieback of pods, a disorder of uncertain cause. Fusarium solani was isolated in high frequency from roots of symptomatic plants sampled in the South and Midwest. However, F. solani form B was the most common isolate from roots. A significant positive correlation occurred between incidence of the two F. solani forms in roots of symptomatic plants. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL & PLANT PATHOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1647 EP 1653 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QB439 UT WOS:A1994QB43900010 ER PT J AU REHNER, SA UECKER, FA AF REHNER, SA UECKER, FA TI NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER PHYLOGENY AND HOST DIVERSITY IN THE COELOMYCETE PHOMOPSIS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE ASCOMYCOTINA; COELOMYCETES; DIAPORTHE; ITS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; PHOMOPSIS ID DNA; POLYMERASE; LIMITS AB Species concepts in Phomopsis are based primarily on host association because morphological and cultural characters are generally insufficient for species diagnosis. Increasingly, there are reports that some species of Phomopsis are not host restricted but are capable of infecting several or more taxonomically unrelated host genera. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS1 and ITS2) for 43 North American and Caribbean strains of Phomopsis isolated from diverse plant hosts and geographic origins resolved three clades, provisionally termed groups A, B, and C. Group A consists of isolates from shrubs and trees originating primarily from eastern North America. Group B includes isolates from woody and herbaceous plants that originate from tropical to subtropical regions and produce paraphyses among their conidiogenous cells. Group C occurs primarily on herbaceous plant hosts, including agricultural field crops, and is widely distributed throughout temperate to subtropical North America. Isolates from Europe and Asia may be significantly different in ITS sequences compared with North American isolates. The diversity of host taxa associated with terminal clades in the ITS phylogeny suggests that either Phomopsis species infect more than one host or host switching occurs frequently during speciation. RP REHNER, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 40 TC 100 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1666 EP 1674 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QB439 UT WOS:A1994QB43900012 ER PT J AU GOWAN, C YOUNG, MK FAUSCH, KD RILEY, SC AF GOWAN, C YOUNG, MK FAUSCH, KD RILEY, SC TI RESTRICTED MOVEMENT IN RESIDENT STREAM SALMONIDS - A PARADIGM LOST SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROWN TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; TRUTTA-L; BROOK TROUT; DOWNSTREAM MOVEMENT; MICHIGAN STREAM; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; WATER VELOCITY AB Gerking (1959. Biol. Rev. 34: 221-242) proposed a theory about the restricted movement of stream fishes that may be considered a paradigm in salmonid biology. The restricted movement paradigm (our term) hold that resident stream salmonids are sedentary. Numerous studies have supported the restricted movement paradigm, but nearly all have relied on the recapture of marked fish from the same areas in which they were released, an approach we believe is biased against detecting movement. We round substantial movement of trout in streams in Colorado and Wyoming using two-way weirs' and radio telemetry. A review of the research on Lawrence Creek, Wisconsin, also showed that movement was important in the response of the trout population to habitat enhancement. Movement of resident stream fish has profound implications for research (e.g., measuring production and habitat models) and management (e.g., habitat enhancement, special regulations, and stocking hatchery fish). Methods capable of detecting fish movement could be incorporated into many studies to assess its importance in systems of interest. New theories and experiments are needed to understand the mechanisms that cause stream salmonids to move. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,LARAMIE,WY 82070. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERY & WILDLIFE BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,CTR OCEAN SCI,ST JOHNS,NF A1C 5S7,CANADA. RP GOWAN, C (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERY & WILDLIFE BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010 NR 159 TC 311 Z9 315 U1 5 U2 62 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 51 IS 11 BP 2626 EP 2637 DI 10.1139/f94-262 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QY717 UT WOS:A1994QY71700024 ER PT J AU AMARANTHUS, M TRAPPE, JM BEDNAR, L ARTHUR, D AF AMARANTHUS, M TRAPPE, JM BEDNAR, L ARTHUR, D TI HYPOGEOUS FUNGAL PRODUCTION IN MATURE DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST FRAGMENTS AND SURROUNDING PLANTATIONS AND ITS RELATION TO COARSE WOODY DEBRIS AND ANIMAL MYCOPHAGY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID OREGON; STAND; SOIL AB Production of hypogeous fungi (truffles) in high-elevation, 180-year-old mature forest fragments of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France was compared with surrounding regenerated clearcuts ranging from 4 to 27 years since harvest at two study areas. Thirty pairs of plots, one of each pair in soil, the other in brown-cubical-rotted coarse woody debris (CWD), were searched for truffles in each stand during four periods; August and November 1990, and February and May 1991. Overall analysis of presence/absence of truffles using log-linear models revealed that CWD and mature forest status of stands each significantly influence truffle occurrence. Mature forest fragments had greater percent frequency of occurrence and truffle number and dry weight than did plantations. Truffle numbers and dry weight were 30 and 20 times greater, respectively, in mature forests than in plantations. The plantations did not differ significantly among each other for any parameter. CWD yielded higher numbers and biomass of truffles than soil in the mature forest, but production in plantations did not differ between substrates. The total dry weight of truffles in CWD exceeded that in soil by more than 10 times in mature forests. Of 21 truffle species found, 13 were only in the mature forest and 8 only under coarse woody debris. Forest practices that emphasize the retention of mature trees and coarse woody debris promote the abundance and diversity of truffles, which are integral and functionally important members of forest ecosystems. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208. US FOREST SERV,GALICE RANGER DIST,GRANTS PASS,OR 97526. RP AMARANTHUS, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 440,GRANTS PASS,OR 97526, USA. NR 27 TC 90 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2157 EP 2165 DI 10.1139/x94-278 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QE426 UT WOS:A1994QE42600003 ER PT J AU ROSS, DW DATERMAN, GE AF ROSS, DW DATERMAN, GE TI REDUCTION OF DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE INFESTATION OF HIGH-RISK STANDS BY ANTIAGGREGATION AND AGGREGATION PHEROMONES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DENDROCTONUS-PSEUDOTSUGAE COLEOPTERA; HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; 1-METHYLCYCLOHEX-2-EN-1-OL; POPULATION AB A combination of antiaggregation and aggregation pheromones was tested for protecting stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) at high risk for infestation by the Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudot-sugae Hopkins). The antiaggregation pheromone, 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH), was applied in a bubble capsule formulation to the perimeter of 1-ha circular plots at a rate of 60 g/plot. Treated plots also had three or four clusters of four Lindgren funnel traps baited with frontalin, seudenol, 1-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol, and ethanol located outside of the plot but within 160 m of the boundary. Mean (+/-SE) accumulated catches in all traps per plot were 73 658 +/- 19 721 Douglas-fir beetles and 12 892 +/- 2 513 Thanasimus undatulus (Say), a predator of the Douglas-fir beetle. The mean percentage of Douglas-fir trees greater than or equal to 20 cm DBH that were mass attacked was reduced by 80% within the treated plots compared with the untreated plots. However, there was an eightfold increase in the percentage of trees mass attacked in the area outside the treated plots in the vicinity of the funnel traps. The net effect of the treatment was to concentrate mass-attacked trees within a limited area outside of the protected stand. Our results indicate that Douglas-fir beetle antiaggregation and aggregation pheromones can be used effectively to reduce the probability of infestation in small, high-value stands. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP ROSS, DW (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,PEAVY HALL 154,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2184 EP 2190 DI 10.1139/x94-281 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QE426 UT WOS:A1994QE42600006 ER PT J AU REAMS, GA NICHOLAS, NS ZEDAKER, SM AF REAMS, GA NICHOLAS, NS ZEDAKER, SM TI 200-YEAR VARIATION OF SOUTHERN RED SPRUCE RADIAL GROWTH AS ESTIMATED BY SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS - REPLY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Discussion ID FIR FORESTS; DECLINE; MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. UNIV TENNESSEE,GRAD PROGRAM ECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,BLACKSBURG,VA 24060. RP REAMS, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2305 EP 2311 DI 10.1139/x94-297 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QE426 UT WOS:A1994QE42600022 ER PT J AU OLNESS, A RINKE, J AF OLNESS, A RINKE, J TI RESIN-BASED EXTRACTOR FOR MULTIPLE-ELEMENT DETERMINATIONS OF AVAILABILITY IN SOILS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE EXTRACTION; RESIN; SOIL AB Multi-element extractors were prepared by encasing cation and anion exchange resin beads in dialysis tubing. Extractors were inserted in soil suspensions, equilibrated for 168 h and eluted with 0.1 M HNO3. fluted volumes were adjusted to 1.2 M in HCl, diluted to volume and directly analyzed using ICP methods. RP OLNESS, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 74 IS 4 BP 461 EP 463 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PZ371 UT WOS:A1994PZ37100010 ER PT J AU DOWD, MK FRENCH, AD REILLY, PJ AF DOWD, MK FRENCH, AD REILLY, PJ TI MODELING OF ALDOPYRANOSYL RING PUCKERING WITH MM3(92) SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MOLECULAR MODELING; ALDOPYRANOSES; MM3; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; CONFORMATION; RING PUCKERING; ALLOSE; ALTROSE; GALACTOSE; GLUCOSE; GULOSE; IDOSE; MANNOSE; TALOSE ID MOLECULAR MECHANICS CALCULATIONS; MM3 FORCE-FIELD; ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; REDUCING SUGARS; D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; IDURONATE RING; ENERGY; NMR AB The molecular mechanics algorithm MM3 was used to compute energy surfaces for aldopyranosyl rings having a full range of shapes. Energies were plotted against the Phi-Theta puckering coordinates of Cremer and Pople. The C-4(1) conformations of the model pyranosyl rings are dominant for both anomers of D-allose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-talose, as are the C-4(1) conformations of beta-D-altropyranose, beta-D-gulopyranose, and beta-D-idopyranose. alpha-D-Altropyranose is predicted to exist as an equilibrium of C-1(4) and C-4(1), alpha-D-idopyranose as an equilibrium among S-0(2), C-1(4), and C-4(1), and alpha-D-gulopyranose is predominately C-4(1) but has some contribution from C-1(4) (18%) and S-0(2) (9%). The calculated and measured hydrogen-hydrogen coupling constants agree well, although the energies for the beta anomers in water are systematically low by an average of 0.4 kcal/mol. Because the errors in the predicted anomeric ratios are small and are similar for the eight hexoses, and because the only concession to the solvent was a dielectric constant of 3.0, specific solvent effects are apparently small. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM ENGN, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP DOWD, MK (reprint author), USDA, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 57 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(94)00185-5 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PP537 UT WOS:A1994PP53700001 ER PT J AU POLITZ, ML TIMPA, JD WASSERMAN, BP AF POLITZ, ML TIMPA, JD WASSERMAN, BP TI QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF EXTRUSION-INDUCED STARCH FRAGMENTATION PRODUCTS IN MAIZE FLOUR USING NONAQUEOUS AUTOMATED GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TEXTURE PROFILE PARAMETERS; CORN STARCH; WHEAT-STARCH; POLYMERS; MEAL AB Automated gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), with application of the universal calibration concept, was used to investigate the mechanism of extrusion-induced starch fragmentation in corn. High-amylose and high-amylopectin corn flours were subjected to twin-screw extrusion. The effects of moisture content, die temperature, screw speed, mass flow rate, and amylose-amylopectin ratio were investigated. Nonaqueous GPC, using a refractive index monitor and viscometer, yielded quantitative size profiles of native and extruded starches, as well as information describing branching patterns of the starch. Fragmentation was most pronounced in amylo-pectins with a molecular weight of 10(7)-10(9), which yielded fragments of 10(4)-10(7). Consistent with gravity-flow GPC with dimethyl sulfoxide, separation indicated that fragmentation was promoted at low temperatures. However, a correlation between degree of fragmentation and specific mechanical energy was not observed. Formulations containing high amylopectin levels were most prone to fragmentation. Die temperature significantly affected such textural properties as cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of the extruded flours. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,DEPT FOOD SCI,NEW JERSEY AGR EXPT STN,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 71 IS 6 BP 532 EP 536 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QC636 UT WOS:A1994QC63600003 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, MR POLLAK, LM WHITE, PJ AF CAMPBELL, MR POLLAK, LM WHITE, PJ TI EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE AN MAIZE STARCH THERMAL-PROPERTIES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; GELATINIZATION BEHAVIOR; CORN STARCH; GENOTYPES AB Starches isolated from kernels of two maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds and their F1 progeny, grown after four planting dates, were evaluated for differences in thermal properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to compare onset (T-o) and peak (T-p) temperature, range (R(n)), and total enthalpy (Delta H) values of gelatinization. Amylose content (%AM) of samples was determined colorimetrically, and image analysis was used to determine average diameters of granules. Significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) increases for T-p and Delta H were observed with later planting dates. Significant genotypic differences also were seen for T-o, T-p, and Delta H. Later planting dates had no effect on %AM or starch granule size. Genotypes ranked similarly for %AM across each environment, and no differences were observed for average granule diameter. The presence of environmental effects on thermal properties of the starch suggests that if small differences (1-2 degrees C or <0.2-0.3 cal/g) are to be identified among nonmutant genotypes, growing conditions may need to be controlled. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,CTR CROPS UTILIZAT RES,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 71 IS 6 BP 556 EP 559 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QC636 UT WOS:A1994QC63600009 ER PT J AU TWEDT, DJ BLEIER, WJ LINZ, GM AF TWEDT, DJ BLEIER, WJ LINZ, GM TI GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION IN YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRDS FROM THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRDS; XANTHOCEPHALUS XANTHOCEPHALUS; MORPHOLOGY; NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS; GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION; BREEDING; SUBPOPULATIONS ID BIRDS; SIZE AB We assessed geographic variability in morphology among Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) collected from breeding populations in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota in the United States and Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan in Canada during spring. Both male and female Yellow-headed Blackbirds tended to be larger in the more northern breeding populations. Males collected in Manitoba and southeast Saskatchewan tended to be more like populations from the United States, whereas other populations in Saskatchewan and Alberta populations were morphologically similar to each other. For females, however, only the Manitoba population was similar to the U.S. populations, and the females from the southeastern Saskatchewan were similar to other Saskatchewan birds. Southeastern Saskatchewan appears to represent a transitional region between northwestern and southeastern breeding populations of Yellow-headed Blackbirds. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,N DAKOTA FIELD STN,FARGO,ND 58105. OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1994 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1030 EP 1036 DI 10.2307/1369112 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PV587 UT WOS:A1994PV58700016 ER PT J AU MASON, JR CLARK, L AF MASON, JR CLARK, L TI EVALUATION OF PASTIC AND MYLAR FLAGGING AS REPELLANTS FOR SNOW GEESE (CHEN-CAERULESCENS) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE GOOSE; FLAGGING; REPELLENT ID BRANTA-BERNICLA; WINTER-WHEAT AB The effectiveness of white flags, black flags and Mylar streamers as visual repellents to snow geese (Chen caerulescens) was evaluated. Five farms in Cumberland and Salem counties, New Jersey served as test sites. At each farm, four 10.12 ha fields were selected randomly, and then assigned to four treatment conditions: (a) white plastic flags (one flag per 0.4 ha); (b) black plastic flags (one flag per 0.4 ha), (c) Mylar streamers (one streamer per 0.4 ha); and (d) stakes only (one stake per 0.4 ha). From 2 December 1992 to 24 March 1993, vegetation samples and goose droppings were collected in all fields. Dropping weights were significantly less in black- or white-flagged fields than they were in fields with Mylar streamers or bare stakes. Although vegetation weights tended to increase in white- or black-flagged fields (and to decrease in fields with Mylar streamers or bare stakes), there were no significant differences. The results show that white or black flags can economically and effectively deter snow geese from agricultural fields, at least when alternative grazing sites are available. RP MASON, JR (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 13 IS 7 BP 531 EP 534 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(94)90106-6 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PM019 UT WOS:A1994PM01900008 ER PT J AU AVERY, ML DECKER, DG FISCHER, DL AF AVERY, ML DECKER, DG FISCHER, DL TI CAGE AND FLIGHT PEN EVALUATION OF AVIAN REPELLENCY AND HAZARD ASSOCIATED WITH IMIDACLOPRID-TREATED RICE SEED SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE AVIAN HAZARD; BIRD REPELLENT; IMIDACLOPRID ID RED-WINGED-BLACKBIRDS; STARLINGS; DAMAGE AB A series of cage and flight pen trials evaluated the responses of male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) to rice seed treated with imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide. In two-cup trials, when both the treated and untreated seed was either dyed or undyed, individually caged redwings consistently avoided rice seed treated with 833 and 2500 mg kg-1 imidacloprid but not 278 mg kg-1. When birds had a choice between undyed, untreated rice and dyed imidacloprid-treated rice, consumption of treated seed was suppressed at all levels. In a one-cup trial, rice consumption during the 4-day test phase was reduced relative to that during the 4-day pretest period at 833 and 2500 mg kg-1 of imidacloprid but not at 0 and 278 mg kg-1. During 4-day trials in a 0.2 ha flight pen, six different ten-bird flocks removed an average of 41.1% of the untreated rice seed on sample quadrats compared with 8.8% lost from plots having 2500 mg kg-1 imidacloprid-treated seed. On the basis of residues from whole seeds and from hulls of rice seed eaten by test birds, it is estimated that redwings ingested 13-16% of the imidacloprid initially present on the seed. Thus, even at 2500 mg kg-1, red-winged blackbirds feeding at an average rate of six seeds min-1 acquired only a fraction of the imidacloprid calculated to be a lethal dose. Imidacloprid appears to be an effective bird repellent seed treatment with minimal avian hazard. C1 MILES INC,STILWELL,KS 66085. RP AVERY, ML (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 13 IS 7 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(94)90107-4 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PM019 UT WOS:A1994PM01900009 ER PT J AU RAY, IM FRANK, AB BERDAHL, JD AF RAY, IM FRANK, AB BERDAHL, JD TI GENETIC VARIANCES OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN TETRAPLOID CRESTED WHEATGRASS UNDER COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; FORAGE YIELD; INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS; GENOTYPE; QUALITY; HERITABILITY; GRASSES AB Limited research has been conducted on characterizing the genetic variability of important agronomic traits of forage grasses grown in seeded swards. This study was conducted to estimate the degree of genetic control, i.e., the heritability (h(2)), of several agronomic, morphological and physiological traits of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes] under sward conditions. Thirty randomly selected half-sib families from a genetically broad-based crested wheatgrass population were evaluated at one location for 2 yr in single-row plots that were spaced 38 cm apart and seeded at a rate of 90 seed m(-1). Heritabilities were determined for the following traits based on the progeny means of the 30 families: fresh forage yield, dry matter yield, tiller height, tiller number, Bag leaf width, spikelets per spike, proline content, first-cut vigor, regrowth vigor, and Bag leaf pubescence. Heritability estimates of fresh forage yield were similar, i.e, 80 and 82%, when based on 30 and 300 half-sib families, respectively, indicating that a sample size of 30 families provided a reliable estimate of genetic variance in this crested wheatgrass population. With the exceptions of tiller number and proline content (h(2) = 0%), all traits demonstrated moderate to high heritabilities, ranging from 53 to 86%. Confidence interval widths ranged from 14 to 116% as large as the heritability point estimate. Significant family x year interactions were detected for some traits that possessed moderate to high heritabilities. The interaction variance components, however, were significantly less than their corresponding genetic variance for all traits except first-cut vigor. The results indicate that for most traits, evaluation for multiple years would not be needed. C1 USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,MANDAN,ND 58554. RP RAY, IM (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1436 EP 1439 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900002 ER PT J AU HALIMI, ES ROWE, DE AUNG, M AF HALIMI, ES ROWE, DE AUNG, M TI DIVERGENT SELECTION IN ALFALFA FOR RESISTANCE TO SCLEROTINIA CROWN AND STEM ROT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIORUM; REGRESSION; RESPONSES AB Sclerotinia crown and stem rot (SCSR) caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum Eriks. is often a serious disease on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) during cool, wet periods of the year. No cultivars have been developed with increased resistance to this disease. This research determines the selection responses to one cycle of divergent selection for resistance to SCSR. Plants of four genetically different populations were evaluated for resistance to SCSR using a stem-tip inoculation technique. Selections were made at 4 and 8% selection intensities for both resistance and susceptibility. Selections were polycrossed to produce four experimental synthetics (two selected for resistance and two selected for susceptibility). Plants grown from seed of each experimental synthetic and from remnant seed from each source population were evaluated for resistance along with ramets of the parental plants of the synthetics. Experimental synthetics selected for resistance at selection intensities of 4 and 8% had necrotic regions 4.0 and 4.5 cm long, respectively. The experimental synthetics selected for susceptibility at intensities of 4 and 8% had necrotic regions 7.4 and 8.2 cm long, respectively. Means of each of the experimental synthetics were significantly different (P = 0.05) from the mean (6.1 cm) of the unselected population. Heritability was estimated at 0.49 (SE = 0.14) using a regression of offspring on parent. Resistance to Sclerotinia is heritable and can be increased or decreased using the stem-tip inoculation technique. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. APPL RES EXP DIV,RANGOON,MYANMAR. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1440 EP 1442 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900003 ER PT J AU COOK, CG MULLIN, BA AF COOK, CG MULLIN, BA TI GROWTH-RESPONSE OF KENAF CULTIVARS IN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE SOIL-BORNE FUNGI INFESTED SOIL SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA AB The southern root-knot nematode (RKN) [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] is a severe pathogen of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) capable of reducing growth, yield, and harvesting efficiency, as well as predisposing kenaf to pathogenic soil fungi. In 1991 and 1992, field studies were conducted to evaluate growth and yield response of six kenaf cultivars grown on a soil naturally infested with RKN and various pathogenic soil fungi. Cultivars included in the studies were Everglades 71 (E71), Tainung 1 (TA1), Cuba 108 (C108), Indian (IND), SF459, and 117. Early to midseason growth rate differed among cultivars. Across years, cultivars 117 and SF459 grew approximate to 73 and 55%, respectively, faster than E71 and IND. Total stalk yields differed among cultivars, with 117 and SF459 producing greater yields than the other four cultivars, including a >250% yield increase compared with E71, a widely grown kenaf cultivar in the USA. Based on the presence of root galls, all cultivars appeared to be good hosts for RKN; however, the ability of 117 and SF459 to maintain better plant growth and dry matter accumulation indicated a significant level of field tolerance when grown In the presence of the RKN/soil-borne fungi complex. RP COOK, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1457 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900006 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, CE AF TOWNSEND, CE TI RECURRENT SELECTION FOR 2,4-D TOLERANCE IN CICER MILKVETCH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CICER MILKVETCH; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL AB Cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.), a long-lived perennial forage legume, has many attributes that make it well suited for permanent pastures in a sustainable agricultural system. Its relatively poor seedling vigor, however, has reduced its potential. A selective, postemergence herbicide, e.g., 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], could improve establishment by controlling broadleaf weeds. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the use of phenotypic recurrent selection for increasing the tolerance of cicer milkvetch seedlings to 2,4-D. Seedlings were treated in the greenhouse at the three-leaf stage of development with a 1.0 kg a.i. ha(-1) rate of 2,4-D. Five cycles of recurrent selection for regrowth at the apical meristem following treatment with 2,4-D increased extended seedling height (total length) 38% more than that of the cultivar Monarch (Cycle 0). Seedlings were visually selected for extended height about 4 wk after herbicide application. Selection for extended height reduced root and total seedling dry weights 21 and 13%, respectively, from the Cycle 0 to the Cycle 1 population. For Cycles 1 through 5, however, extended height was significantly correlated with shoot (r = 0.99), root (0.93) and total seedling (0.97) dry weights, and apical meristem regrowth score (0.97), but not with crown meristem regrowth score (-0.50). Recurrent selection for increased regrowth at the apical meristem following application of 2,4-D was an effective and inexpensive procedure for increasing the tolerance of cicer milkvetch to 2,4-D. RP TOWNSEND, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1484 EP 1487 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900012 ER PT J AU SHERWOOD, RT BERG, CC YOUNG, BA AF SHERWOOD, RT BERG, CC YOUNG, BA TI INHERITANCE OF APOSPORY IN BUFFELGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID APOMIXIS; PLANTS AB Previous studies on inheritance of monopolar (Panicum type) apospory in the Panicoideae resulted in three widely different genetic models and mutually incompatible data sets. We report additional data for tetraploid buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link = Cenchrus ciliaris L.] and attempt to reconcile earlier studies. Sexual buffelgrass plant B-2s and five sexual progeny from open pollination of B-2s were self pollinated and intercrossed. Three obligately aposporous half-siblings from open pollination of B-2s and two other aposporous plants were used as male parents in hybridizations with the sexual plants. Selfing and crossing among sexual plants gave only sexual progeny. Crosses of sexual x aposporous plants gave progeny segregating for sexual (Polygonum type) and aposporous (Panicum type) embryo sacs at ratios near 15:13 or 3:8 depending upon the aposporous parent. Two earlier models postulating that Panicum type apospory was regulated by two disomic genes could not account for all types of segregation observed. Assuming random assortment of chromatids, the data fit a model earlier proposed for Panicum maximum Jacq. that postulates expression of apospory requires the dominant allele (A) of a single tetrasomically inherited locus. Published and present data could be accommodated by a two-locus model for tetrasomic transmission in which the dominant allele (A) of one locus is required for apospory but is hypostatic to the dominant allele (B) of the second locus which confers sexuality. Alternatively, it is suggested that tetraploid parents thought to be purely sexual in earlier studies actually were highly sexual, facultative apomicts that yielded segregating progenies after self pollination. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP SHERWOOD, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 25 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1490 EP 1494 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900014 ER PT J AU BERG, CC SHERWOOD, RT AF BERG, CC SHERWOOD, RT TI STABILITY OF RESISTANCE TO LEAF DISEASE IN ORCHARDGRASS AND SMOOTH BROMEGRASS GERMPLASMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; SPOT; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE AB Genetic resistance is the only practical method to control foliar diseases on forage grasses. Once developed, resistance must be transmitted, without selection, through several generations of seed increase. This study was conducted to determine whether disease resistance would be maintained when disease resistant germplasms were advanced two generations without conscious selection for disease resistance. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) germplasm PL-OGDR1 resistant to purple leaf spot (caused by Stagonospora arenaria Sacc.), and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leysser) germplasm PL-BDR1 resistant to brown leaf spot [caused by Pyrenophora bromi (Died.) Drechs.] were used to initiate this study. Plants of the germplasm releases, two populations produced by unselected advance, and three cultivars of each species were rated for disease reaction in two greenhouse inoculation tests. Mean spot size and disease coverage scores were low for all generations of resistant germplasms, and there were no differences among generations. The frequency distribution of disease scores within generations remained relatively constant for generations. Cultivars were much more susceptible, with disease scores that averaged twofold to threefold higher than resistant germplasms. Results indicated that in the absence of selection pressure, disease resistant populations developed by five cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection for resistance to orchardgrass purple leaf spot or bromegrass brown leaf spot can be advanced for two successive unselected generations without a shift in resistance. RP BERG, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1498 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900015 ER PT J AU TRIMBLE, MW BARNES, DK LAMB, JFS AF TRIMBLE, MW BARNES, DK LAMB, JFS TI RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF HILL AND ROW PLOTS FOR EVALUATING ALFALFA YIELD SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Plant breeders usually use multiple-row or broadcast plots grown from 2 to 4 yr to evaluate alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations for yield and agronomic performance. The requirements of land and seed and the cost of evaluation often limit the number of populations that can be evaluated. The objective of this study was to compare the yield of alfalfa populations grown in hill plots planted on either 0.3- or 1.0-m centers and 1-row (0.5 by 6.1 m) and 6-row (1.1 by 6.1 m) plots. The study was conducted for 2 yr in Minnesota with 16 alfalfa populations ranging in dormancy, yielding ability, and biological N fixation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates at three locations. The strongest association for forage yield between any two plot types was between the 0.3-m hill plots and the 1-row plots. Phenotypic and Spearman rank correlations for forage yield between 0.3-m hill plots and the 1-row plots in 1984 were 0.73 and 0.67, respectively. No significant correlation was observed in yield between hill plots and 6-row plots. Yield in 6-row plots was positively correlated to that in 1-row plots. A few populations were consistent in rank for forage yield in both years and across all plot types. Forage yield in some populations ranked low in hill plots and high in 6-row plots, whereas other populations ranked high in hill plots and low in 6-row plots, illustrating that a population's performance in an evaluation trial could be influenced by the plot type used. Visual estimates of forage yield and actual harvested yield were highly correlated In the hill plots for all three harvests during 1983. These correlations decreased as stands aged, suggesting that use of visual estimates of forage yield would be useful only during the establishment year. Hill plots may be useful in early phases of a breeding program but should not be considered as a replacement for multiple-row yield evaluation plots during the later stages of a breeding program. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,SINGAPORE 0923,SINGAPORE. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1522 EP 1526 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900020 ER PT J AU SEILER, GJ JAN, CC AF SEILER, GJ JAN, CC TI NEW FERTILITY RESTORATION GENES FROM WILD SUNFLOWERS FOR SUNFLOWER PET1 MALE-STERILE CYTOPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Cultivated hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production depends on a single male-sterile cytoplasm, PET1, derived from H. petiolaris Nutt. and a few fertility restoration genes. This study was conducted to locate new restoration genes for the PET1 cytoplasm from the wild species of the genus Helianthus. Ten wild species populations from the USA were grown in a held nursery and crossed with cytoplasmic male-sterile inbred line cmsHA 89 to determine the presence and inheritance of restoration genes in wild annual and perennial species. Standard sunflower breeding techniques were used to obtain F-1 and B1CF1 seed, whereas F-2 seed was produced by sibbing F-1 plants instead of selfing due to the low self-compatibility. All H. annuus L., H. argophyllus T. and G., H. praecox ssp. runyonii Heiser, and H. tuberosus L. populations possessed dominant fertility restoration genes at high frequencies, varying from 57 to 100%. Segregation ratios of male-fertile to male-sterile plants in the BC1 (1:1) and F-2 (3:1) generations of nine crosses suggested a single dominant gene for fertility restoration. Other segregation ratios suggested that three genes were involved in one cross of H. argophyllus and that fertility was restored when at least two dominant alleles were present at any of the three loci. The new sources of fertility restoration genes from wild sunflowers will be valuable for sunflower breeding and selection programs by providing additional genetic diversity. RP SEILER, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1526 EP 1528 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900021 ER PT J AU EVANS, DE NYQUIST, WE SANTINI, JB BRETTING, P NIELSEN, NC AF EVANS, DE NYQUIST, WE SANTINI, JB BRETTING, P NIELSEN, NC TI IMMUNOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SEED LIPOXYGENASE GENOTYPES IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-ANALYSIS; NULL-ALLELE; ISOZYMES AB Elimination of lipoxygenases from soybean reduces the undesirable beany off-flavor associated with soy products. Breeding programs, as well as quality control procedures, that utilize lipoxygenase null-alleles to improve soybean flavor are dependent upon an accurate and efficient means to identify those lines that lack these enzymes. The use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is one approach to this problem. Monoclonal antibodies specific to each of the three predominant soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr] seed lipoxygenases are described. The antibodies can be used to quantitate the amount of each isozyme in seed extracts. The antibodies are useful for the identification of specific lipoxygenase genotypes in progeny from crosses among lines bearing lipoxygenase null-alleles. Statistical methodology is described that permits a determination of the percentage of contamination of L2L3-less seeds by normal seeds that contain lipoxygenases in seed lots derived from commercial operations. Statistical approaches to sampling such as this may have wider application to quality assurance in other identity preserved crops. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ADELAIDE,DEPT PLANT SCI,GLEN OSMOND,SA,AUSTRALIA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,NCRPIS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RI Evans, David/A-1185-2007 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1529 EP 1537 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900022 ER PT J AU GRIEVE, CM FRANCOIS, LE MAAS, EV AF GRIEVE, CM FRANCOIS, LE MAAS, EV TI SALINITY AFFECTS THE TIMING OF PHASIC DEVELOPMENT IN SPRING WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; LEAF APPEARANCE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; EMERGENCE; YIELD; SPIKE; CULTIVARS; BARLEY AB Understanding effects of environmental factors on crop phenological development is useful for predicting crop growth stages and scheduling management practices. We evaluated the effect of salinity on the rate of leaf appearance and the duration of critical stages of growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in terms of both thermal unit (TU;degrees C day) and phyllochron intervals. Two hard red spring wheat cultivars, Yecora Rojo and Anza, were grown two cropping years in greenhouse sand cultures and outdoor field lysimeters. In each case, two saline treatments were compared with a nonsaline control. The sand cultures were irrigated with complete nutrient solutions to which NaCl and CaCl2 were added. The electrical conductivities, kappa(iw), were 2.0, 14.3, and 18.1 dS m(-1) in 1989 and 1.7, 12.2, and 15.1 dS m(-1) in 1990. The kappa(iw) for the held lysimeters were 0.9, 10.7, and 17.2 dS m(-1) in 1989 and 0.8, 11.4, and 17.1 dS m(-1) in 1990. Leaf appearance rate was determined by regressing the number of mainstem leaves against cumulative TU. In all treatments, the cultivars differed in both rate and duration of leaf appearance. The phyllochron increased with salinity. Leaves emerged more slowly in the greenhouse than in the field. Durations of the vegetative stages (degrees C day) from sowing to the initiation of the bag leaf and its subsequent appearance were relatively insensitive to salinity inasmuch as increases in leaf plastochron (TU between the initiation of successive leaves on a culm) and leaf phyllochron were balanced by decreases in leaf number. However, for both cultivars, salinity significantly reduced the thermal time between sowing and the reproductive phenological stages. RP GRIEVE, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1544 EP 1549 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900024 ER PT J AU MAHAN, JR AF MAHAN, JR TI THERMAL-DEPENDENCE OF GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE - THERMAL LIMITATIONS ON ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN PLANTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; PURIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; ACCLIMATION; ENZYME AB Though plants have endogenous systems to prevent and/or repair thermal damage, thermal stresses often limit agronomic yields. The enzyme glutathione reductase plays a role in the detoxification of oxidants that often result from exposure of plants to high or low temperatures. Since thermal limitations on the function of glutathione reductase could limit the ability of a plant to withstand thermal stress, it is important to understand its thermal dependence. Previously, the thermal dependence of maximal velocity and apparent K-M have been used to describe the thermal dependence of enzymes and define an optimal thermal range for their function. While both maximal velocity and apparent K-M are factors in the thermal response of the velocity of an enzyme reaction, they are not necessarily indicative of the thermal dependence of velocity under physiological conditions. In this study, a computer program was used to develop estimates of the thermal dependence of reaction velocity at a given temperature and substrate concentration. Optimal thermal ranges for the glutathione reductases from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativum L. cv. Ashley) were predicted from the thermal dependence of maximal velocity, predicted velocity, V-max/K-M, and apparent K-M. These results suggest that the predicted thermal dependence of velocity may be a useful indicator of the optimal thermal range of plant enzymes. RP MAHAN, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERV UNIT,ROUTE 3,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1550 EP 1556 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900025 ER PT J AU KASPERBAUER, MJ KARLEN, DL AF KASPERBAUER, MJ KARLEN, DL TI PLANT SPACING AND REFLECTED FAR-RED LIGHT EFFECTS ON PHYTOCHROME-REGULATED PHOTOSYNTHATE ALLOCATION IN CORN SEEDLINGS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIELD CONDITIONS; LEAVES; END; PERCEPTION; RESPONSES; GRADIENTS; CANOPIES; GROWTH; TISSUE AB Allocation of photosynthate among leaves, stems, and roots is critical in seedling establishment. Corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings were grown in different spacing patterns in a field and with different reflected far-red (FR) to red (R) light ratios to test the effects of a modified FR/R ratio on photoassimilate allocation. Green leaves absorbed most of the R and reflected much of the FR. Therefore, close-spaced plants received more reflected FR and higher FR/R ratios. Seedlings that received the higher FR/R ratios developed longer and narrower leaves, longer stems, and less massive roots. Stem elongation was an early response to increased FR/R ratio even though light did not impinge directly on the stems, which were initially at or below the soil surface and covered by several layers of leaves. Row orientation did not significantly alter FR/R ratio or seedling morphology because corn leaves are not heliotropic and did not function as directional FR reflectors, as was observed for soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] in a previous study. An increase in the FR/R ratio reflected up to seedlings from the soil surface also resulted in increased shoot size and shoot/root biomass ratio. Early morphological responses of corn seedlings to FR/R ratio in reflected Light are relevant to seedling establishment and are not dependent on the cause of the altered ratio. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP KASPERBAUER, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA. NR 25 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1564 EP 1569 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900027 ER PT J AU SCHUSSLER, JR WESTGATE, ME AF SCHUSSLER, JR WESTGATE, ME TI INCREASING ASSIMILATE RESERVES DOES NOT PREVENT KERNEL ABORTION AT LOW WATER POTENTIAL IN MAIZE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SILK; CARBOHYDRATE; SENSITIVITY; YIELD; STEM; SET AB Water deficits during anthesis cause maize (Zea mays L.) kernels to abort soon after fertilization. Inhibition of photosynthesis accounts for much of the kernel loss, but lack of assimilate reserves might also limit kernel development. We tested whether varying the level of C and N reserves prior to anthesis affected kernel set of plants pollinated at low water potential (psi(w)). Plants were grown in sandlsoil media in pots in the field under one of three light environments: Control, 75-cm rows, 4.3 plants m(-2); Shade, same as Control except under 55% shade cloth from V6 until maturity; or Isolated, 122-cm rows, 0.7 plants m(-2). These treatments produced a 3.3-fold range in total extractable carbohydrate (TEC) and a 1.7-fold range in total Kjeldahl nitrogen CII(N) per plant at silk emergence. Water was withheld at silk emergence and plants were pollinated by hand with excess pollen 4 d later when silk psi(w) was approximate to -1.1 MPa, leaf psi(w) was approximate to - 1.8 MPa, and photosynthesis was completely inhibited. Plants were rewatered 2 d after pollination and remained well watered until physiological maturity. The brief water deficit decreased kernels per ear by 45% in the Controls, 72% in the Shade treatment, and 49% in the Isolated treatment. Lower kernel set in the Shade treatment was associated with low levels of TEC and TKN in the vegetative stalk, leaves, and reproductive stalk, compared with Control plants. However, accumulation of TEC and TKN in excess of Control values in the Isolated plants did not prevent kernel loss. Kernel set in all three treatments was more closely related to the rate of photosynthesis prior to imposing the water deficit than to the level of reserves accumulated prior to flowering. These results suggest that selection for high levels of reserves at pollination will not improve kernel set at low psi(w) in maize. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. RIC INC,PAINESVILLE,OH 44077. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1569 EP 1576 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900028 ER PT J AU MAAS, EV LESCH, SM FRANCOIS, LE GRIEVE, CM AF MAAS, EV LESCH, SM FRANCOIS, LE GRIEVE, CM TI TILLER DEVELOPMENT IN SALT-STRESSED WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DWARF SPRING WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; NUMBER; GROWTH; CO2; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; SPIKE; NODE AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) grain yields are highly dependent upon the number of spike-bearing tillers produced per plant. Salinity, drought, and other environmental stresses can greatly affect the development and viability of tillers. We determined the effects of soil salinity on the occurrence and rate of tiller development and the incidence of tiller abortion in spring wheat cultivars, Anza and Yecora Rojo. Plants were grown in Pachappa fine sandy loam soil (mixed, thermic, Mollic Haploxeralf) in outdoor lysimeters. Three salinity treatments were imposed by irrigating with waters containing equal weights of NaCl and CaCl2 (electrical conductivities of similar or equal to 1, 12, or 18 dS m(-1)). Salinity significantly decreased the number of primary and secondary tillers in both cultivars. Soil water salinities greater than or equal to 7.5 dS m(-1) (mean electrical conductivity of the soil water in the rootzone during tiller development, kappa(SW)) eliminated most of the secondary tillers and greatly reduced the number of T0, T3, and T4 tillers. However, the percentage of tillers producing spikes actually increased at kappa(SW) up to 8 dS m(-1). Higher salinities reduced the percentage of tillers with spikes, but not as much as the reduction in tillers. Tiller and spike production per plant decreased about 0.13 to 0.15 organs for each unit increase in kappa(SW). Of all the potential tillers these cultivars can produce, the primary tillers on Leaves 1 and 2 (i.e., T1 and T2) were the least susceptible to salt stress, partly because they emerged before salinity builds up during the irrigation season. Adjusting planting densities to increase the number of anticipated spike-bearing cuhms per unit area could help to maintain yields on salt-affected soils. RP MAAS, EV (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1594 EP 1603 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900032 ER PT J AU DILDAY, RH YAN, WG LEE, FN HELMS, RS HUANG, FH AF DILDAY, RH YAN, WG LEE, FN HELMS, RS HUANG, FH TI APPLICATION OF EMBRYO RESCUE IN RECOVERING RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA L) GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Conservation of existing germplasm is essential because of the constant erosion of gene pools and native germplasm throughout the world. Conservation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm, especially accessions in the rice portion of the USDA-ARS Small Grains Collection, is essential because rice is not native to the United States. This study was conducted to determine if rice accessions that did not emerge when seeded in the field could be rejuvenated in the laboratory. Six-thousand rice accessions were seeded at the Rice Research and Extension Center, University of Arkansas, Stuttgart, AR, in 1991. Two-hundred-and-eleven of the accessions, originally introduced from 21 countries, failed to emerge in the field. The viability of these accessions was tested in the growth chamber, on agar medium, and by an embryo culture method. Germination in the growth chamber recovered 27 lines that had been stored for an average of 10.6 yr at Beltsville, MD, and Aberdeen, ID. Fifty-eight additional lines with an average storage age of 15.2 yr were rejuvenated by culturing the grain on agar medium. Embryo culture was used to test the remaining 126 lines, and 76 lines with an average storage time of 19.1 yr survived and produced seeds. All three laboratory techniques recovered rice germplasm that did not emerge in the field. However, embryo culture was superior to grain culture and both of these methods were more effective in rejuvenating rice germplasm than the growth chamber method. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT HORT & FORESTRY,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP DILDAY, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 287,STUTTGART,AR 72160, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1636 EP 1638 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900039 ER PT J AU MIKLAS, PN ROSAS, JC BEAVER, JS TELEK, L FREYTAG, GF AF MIKLAS, PN ROSAS, JC BEAVER, JS TELEK, L FREYTAG, GF TI FIELD PERFORMANCE OF SELECT TEPARY BEAN GERMPLASM IN THE TROPICS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CAMPESTRIS PV PHASEOLI; ACUTIFOLIUS; STABILITY; YIELD; LINES; WILD AB Dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a staple food crop for many tropical countries, is not well adapted to the hot temperatures and low rainfall that prevail during the dry seasons. Cultivated tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. latifolius Freeman), an edible small-seeded desert annual with extreme tolerance to drought, may be suited to dry-season production In the tropics. To test this hypothesis, production potential of select cultivated tepary bean germplasm was evaluated in different tropical environments and compared to dry bean. Eleven lines (Neb-T-1-s, Neb-T-6-s, Neb-T-8a-s, Neb-T-15-s, GN-605-s, GN-610-s, PIs 321637-s, 321638-s, 440788-s, 440806-s, and 502217-s) were field tested from 1989 to 1993 iin six trials, two each at Isabela and Fortuna, Puerto Rico, and El Zamorano, Honduras. Locally adapted, high-yielding dry bean checks included in some trials in Puerto Rite were 'Dorado' and 'Arroyo Loro'. Tepary lines yielded 70% of Dorado in the warm environment of Isabela and 170% of Dorado and Arroyo Lore in the hot environment of Fortuna. Tepary seed weight averaged 30% less than the dry bean checks. Seed protein concentration of tepary bean averaged 12% less than Dorado, and the seed protein concentration was inversely related to yield (r = -0.70*). Tepary bean proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin) concentration, an antinutritional factor, was 73% less than Dorado. The tepary bean lines have potential for dry-season production in the tropics where dry bean traditionally yields poorly. C1 ESCUELA AGR PANAMER, TEGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS. UNIV PUERTO RICO, DEPT AGRON & SOILS, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00681 USA. USDA ARS, NATL SEED STORAGE LAB, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. RP MIKLAS, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, TROP AGR RES STN, POB 70, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00681 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1639 EP 1644 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900040 ER PT J AU BRINK, GE FAIRBROTHER, TE AF BRINK, GE FAIRBROTHER, TE TI CELL-WALL COMPOSITION OF DIVERSE CLOVERS DURING PRIMARY SPRING GROWTH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY; COMPONENTS AB Forage digestibility is influenced by plant cell wall composition. We compared changes in cell wall composition of the herbage and plant fractions of four clovers differing in life cycle and growth habit and examined the relationship between digestibility and cell wall composition in these plant fractions. Primary spring growth of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), red (T. pratense L.), subterranean (T. subterraneum L.), and white (T. repens L.) clover was harvested in each of 2 yr beginning in late March and thereafter every 10 d (eight harvests total). Cell wall, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin concentration were determined for leaf, petiole, stem, and reproductive fractions and herbage at each harvest. Herbage cell wall concentration of berseem, red, and white clover increased 3.1, 2.4, and 0.8 g kg(-1) d(-1), respectively. Maximum herbage cell wall concentrations of annual berseem and subterranean clover herbage were greater than those of perennial red and white clover (500 and 497 vs. 425 and 280 g kg(-1), respectively). With the exception of subterranean clover, leaf cell wall concentration of all clovers ranged from approximate to 200 to 300 g kg(-1). Trends for stem cell wall and hemicellulose concentration of erect-growing berseem and red clover were similar, while petiole cell wall and hemicellulose trends were similar for annual berseem and subterranean clover. Herbage and plant fraction cell wall concentration were negatively correlated with digestibility due primarily to the inverse relationship between digestibility and cell wall-lignin concentration. The minor differences in leaf cell wall concentration during primary spring growth indicate minimal differences exist among these clovers in relation to their value to grazing ruminants. RP BRINK, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1666 EP 1671 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900045 ER PT J AU LUNDVALL, JP BUXTON, DR HALLAUER, AR GEORGE, JR AF LUNDVALL, JP BUXTON, DR HALLAUER, AR GEORGE, JR TI FORAGE QUALITY VARIATION AMONG MAIZE INBREDS - IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITY AND CELL-WALL COMPONENTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; BROWN-MIDRIB; ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; WHOLE-PLANT; YIELD; STOVER; DIGESTION; MATURITY; CROSSES AB Forage maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with improved feeding value might be produced if breeders had better information about inbred variation in maize for stover quality. This study was conducted to determine variation for in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and cell-wall component concentrations among elite maize inbred lines and to determine the relationship between IVDDM and cell-wall components. Leaf blades and elongated basal stem internodes of 45 maize inbred lines grown near Ames, IA, were sampled at an early harvest near silking, and stem internodes were sampled again at a late harvest near physiological maturity. Significant variation existed among the inbreds for IVDDM and cell-wall components. Variation was greatest in late-harvest stems and least in leaf blades. The IVDDM ranged from 262 to 650 g kg(-1) dry matter (DM) in late-harvest stems, from 465 to 727 g kg(-1) DM in early-harvest stems, and from 580 to 676 g kg(-1) DM in leaf blades. Stem IVDDM was most closely associated with stem neutral detergent fiber concentration both at the early harvest (r = -0.74) and at the late harvest (r = -0.82), whereas leaf IVDDM was most closely associated with leaf lignin concentration (r = -0.61). Early-harvest stem IVDDM was not closely associated with leaf IVDDM (r = 0.31) or late-harvest stem IVDDM (r = 0.40). Hence, effective selection for improved IVDDM of maize stover may require total stover sampling near physiological maturity. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, USDA ARS, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT AGRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 36 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1672 EP 1678 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900046 ER PT J AU HANNA, WW AF HANNA, WW TI POLLEN STORAGE IN FROSTLESS AND CONVENTIONAL FROST-FORMING FREEZERS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID LONG-TERM STORAGE AB Pollen storage allows more efficient use and handling of germplasm. This study was conducted for 3 yr to determine if longevity differed for pollen stored in screw-cap glass vials or reclosable plastic bags in a conventional or a frostless freezer. Viability of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] pollen stored in reclosable plastic bags was maintained for more than 1 yr in a frostless freezer, whereas pollen viability was lost within 1 yr when stored in a conventional frost-forming freezer due to buildup of pollen moisture. Viability of pollen stored in screw-cap glass vials was maintained equally well in both freezer types and lasted for more than 2 yr. RP HANNA, WW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1681 EP 1682 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900048 ER PT J AU PORTER, DR NGUYEN, HT BURKE, JJ AF PORTER, DR NGUYEN, HT BURKE, JJ TI QUANTIFYING ACQUIRED THERMAL TOLERANCE IN WINTER-WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID MEMBRANE THERMOSTABILITY; HEAT TOLERANCE; SPRING WHEAT; SHOCK; STRESS AB High temperature stress Limits productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in many environments. Identification of thermal tolerant germplasm is needed to improve plant productivity under heat stress. In this study we used 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction, an indicator of mitochondrial activity, to characterize cultivar differences for acquired thermal tolerance in winter wheat. Seven-day-old seedlings of six hard red winter wheat cultivars grown at 25 degrees C were acclimated at 37 degrees C for 24 h followed by a 50 degrees C incubation for 2 h. Leaf sections sampled after each temperature treatment were infiltrated with TTC and the resultant formazan was ethanol-extracted for optical density measurement at 530 mn. Under these test conditions, the TTC assay detected differential tolerance (expressed as percent cell viability of the 50 degrees C treated tissue compared to the 37 degrees C treated tissue) which ranged from a low of 6% for 'Siouxland', to a high of 72% for 'TAM 108'. The results of this study show that TTC reduction can be used to measure differences in acquired thermal tolerance in winter wheat. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. RP PORTER, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1686 EP 1689 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900050 ER PT J AU OWEN, PA NICKELL, CD NOEL, GR THOMAS, DJ FREY, K AF OWEN, PA NICKELL, CD NOEL, GR THOMAS, DJ FREY, K TI REGISTRATION OF SALINE SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP OWEN, PA (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1689 EP 1689 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PR299 UT WOS:A1994PR29900051 ER PT J AU REED, BM NORMAH, MN YU, XL AF REED, BM NORMAH, MN YU, XL TI STRATIFICATION IS NECESSARY FOR SUCCESSFUL CRYOPRESERVATION OF AXES FROM STORED HAZELNUT SEED SO CRYO-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE STRATIFICATION; EMBRYONIC AXES; GERMPLASM; HAZELNUT; CORYLUS; CRYOPRESERVATION ID EMBRYONIC AXES AB Stratification of stored hazelnut seed improved shoot production from both control and cryopreserved isolated embryonic axes. Axes from freshly harvested nuts grown in vitro had viabilities of 90% to 100% with shoot production of 60% to 80% but shoot production decreased to near 30% for both control and cryopreserved axes from seed stored for one month. Shoot growth of axes from seed stored for four months increased from 33% to 94% when seeds were stratified for two weeks before axis removal. Axes from stratified-stored seed were dried to 8% moisture under laminar flow and cryopreserved with resulting 85% viability and 70% shoot growth rates, while only 30% of unstratified axes produced shoots. C1 UNIV KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA,FAC LIFE SCI,DEPT BOT,BANGUI 43600,MALAYSIA. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP REED, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRYO LETTERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 7 WOOTTON WAY, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB3 9LX SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYO-LETT JI Cryo-Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 15 IS 6 BP 377 EP 384 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA PV255 UT WOS:A1994PV25500007 ER PT J AU ROJAS, RR CHARLET, LD LEOPOLD, RA AF ROJAS, RR CHARLET, LD LEOPOLD, RA TI TREHALOSE ACCUMULATION IN THE OVERWINTERING LARVA OF THE LONG-HORNED SUNFLOWER GIRDLER, DECTES TEXANUS SO CRYO-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GLYCOGEN; INSECT PEST; SUNFLOWER; CRYOPROTECTANT; TEMPERATURE ACCLIMATION ID COLUMN AB The overwintering mature larva of the long-horned sunflower stem girdler, Dectes texanus, accumulated high whole-body levels of trehalose (up to 65.8 mu g/mg wet wt) at the expense of glycogen with the onset of winter. Acclimation experiments suggested that low temperature exposure (0 degrees C) of the larvae is the primary stimulus for catabolism of glycogen to trehalose. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. RP ROJAS, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRYO LETTERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 7 WOOTTON WAY, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB3 9LX SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYO-LETT JI Cryo-Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 15 IS 6 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA PV255 UT WOS:A1994PV25500009 ER PT J AU CLEVIDENCE, DE OVERDIER, DG PETERSON, RS PORCELLA, A YE, HG PAULSON, KE COSTA, RH AF CLEVIDENCE, DE OVERDIER, DG PETERSON, RS PORCELLA, A YE, HG PAULSON, KE COSTA, RH TI MEMBERS OF THE HNF-3 FORKHEAD FAMILY OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS EXHIBIT DISTINCT CELLULAR EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN LUNG AND REGULATE THE SURFACTANT PROTEIN-B PROMOTER SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORK HEAD DOMAIN; HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR FACTOR-3-BETA; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; GENE FAMILY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; SP-A; LIVER; EMBRYOS; ENCODES AB The hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF-3)/fork head (fkh) proteins consist of an extensive family of tissue-specific and developmental gene regulators which share homology within the winged helix DNA binding motif. We report on the isolation of a new family member, HNF-3/forkhead homolog 8 (HFH-8), from lung cDNA libraries and the derivation of the complete amino acid sequences for the HFH-8 protein as well as previously identified HFH-1 and HFH-4 proteins. The HFH proteins contain several sequence motifs found in activation domains of other transcription factors and HNF-3/fkh family members. In situ hybridization with the HNF-3, HFH-4, and HFH-8 probes in adult lung demonstrate that the HNF-3/fkh cellular expression patterns are regionally specified. Whereas HNF-3 alpha and HNF-3 beta are normally coexpressed in the hepatocyte, their expression patterns in the lung are different. The HNF-3 alpha and HFH-4 genes are coexpressed in the bronchiolar epithelium (clara cells), whereas the HNF-3 beta probe exhibits prominent hybridization with the smooth muscle surrounding arterioles and bronchioles. In contrast, HFH-8 probes labeled the type II pneumocyte cells lining the respiratory surfaces of terminal bronchioles and alveolar sac. We have identified an HNF-3 consensus DNA binding sequence in the proximal surfactant protein B (SPB) promoter region (SPB-f2, -78 to -88). SPB gene transcription is restricted to bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium which colocalizes with the expression pattern of the HNF-3 alpha and HFH-8 genes, respectively. We show that the SPB-f2 sequence is recognized by both HNF-3 alpha and HFH-8 proteins and that these cDNA expression vectors activate the SPB promoter in cotransfection assays through the HNF-3 consensus sequence. Our results suggest that SPB promoter activity is regulated by HNF-3 alpha and HFH-8 proteins in a cell type-specific manner. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL MED,DEPT BIOCHEM MC 536,CHICAGO,IL 60612. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM43241-04] NR 54 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 166 IS 1 BP 195 EP 209 DI 10.1006/dbio.1994.1307 PG 15 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA PT492 UT WOS:A1994PT49200016 PM 7958446 ER PT J AU LEMLY, AD AF LEMLY, AD TI MINING IN NORTHERN CANADA - EXPANDING THE INDUSTRY WHILE PROTECTING ARCTIC FISHES - A REVIEW SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Review ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BLUEGILL LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; ACUTE TOXICITY; STRIPED BASS; PRIORITY POLLUTANTS; WATER-QUALITY; 3 GENERATIONS; LIFE STAGES; COPPER AB Northern Canada has a long tradition of mining activity with a poor record of environmental protection. Pollution is acknowledged as the biggest issue currently facing the mining industry. The arctic and subarctic fishes of this region are very sensitive to heavy metals, trace elements, and other contaminants in mine wastes. High sensitivity, combined with an inherently low capacity for recovery, make this aquatic resource particularly vulnerable to impacts. At least 22 fish species with major commercial, recreational, or subsistence value may be affected as the mining industry expands. The number of mines in northern Canada is steadily increasing and a metals-mining boom is expected to take place during the next decade. Prudent planning based on comprehensive mine-site evaluation, biological risk assessment, and research is essential to reduce the threat of environmental damage. There are several progressive mining techniques that can help make mining compatible with sensitive northern fisheries while also maintaining the profitability acid growth of the mining industry. Thus far, this technology has been used very little in northern Canada. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. RP LEMLY, AD (reprint author), VIRGINIA TECH UNIV,US FOREST SERV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI,COLDWATER FISHERIES RES UNIT,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 98 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 229 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0147-6513(94)90022-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA PT426 UT WOS:A1994PT42600008 PM 7533713 ER PT J AU BECKMAN, MJ GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA BEITZ, DC HORST, RL AF BECKMAN, MJ GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA BEITZ, DC HORST, RL TI IN-VIVO REGULATION OF RAT INTESTINAL 24-HYDROXYLASE - POTENTIAL NEW ROLE OF CALCITONIN SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 METABOLISM; DIETARY CALCIUM; EXPRESSION; KIDNEY; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; HORMONE; ABSORPTION; RECEPTOR; CLONING; AGE AB 24-Hydroxylase is found in many mammalian tissues and is required as an initial step in the deactivation of vitamin D-3 metabolites and most of its active analogs. We studied the regulation of intestinal 24-hydroxylase (I-24-OHase) activity and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in rats as influenced by calcium and vitamin D status. Rats were fed vitamin D-replete diets containing either normal calcium (1.0-1.2%, designated NC) or low calcium (0.02%; designated LC). Half of the NC and LC rats received 25,000 IU vitamin D-3 three times weekly, orally, and were designated NCT and LCT, respectively. We found that I-24-OHase mRNA expression was up-regulated in rats receiving excess vitamin Ds (NCT and LCT). We observed, however, that the up-regulation was much more dramatic in the LCT group and exceeded by 4.5-fold that observed in the NCT group. Plasma calcium was also elevated in the NCT group (12.6 +/- 0.2 mg/dl), but not the LCT group (10.5 +/- 0.15 mg/dl). We, therefore, examined the possibility that calcitonin released in response to hypercalcemia may have suppressed the induced expression of I-24-OHase mRNA in the NCT group. The plasma calcitonin level was higher in the NCT group (36.14 +/- 2.46 pg/ml) relative to that in the LCT group (19.38 +/- 2.28 pg/ml). Thyroparathyroidectomy also resulted in a 2-fold (P < 0.001) increase in I-24-OHase activity in the NCT group, a response that was reversed (within 4 h) with a single dose of calcitonin (100 IU/rat). Calcitonin administration to LCT rats also resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) 5-fold reduction in I-24-OHase mRNA expression. These data suggest that calcitonin is a potent negative regulator of I-24-OHase mRNA expression and I-24-OHase activity and that the release of calcitonin may block an important pathway for the inactivation of vitamin D-3 metabolites in intestine and, thereby, potentiate the toxicity of vitamin D-3 during periods of its excess consumption. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD NOV PY 1994 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1951 EP 1955 DI 10.1210/en.135.5.1951 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PR667 UT WOS:A1994PR66700031 PM 7956916 ER PT J AU GRIMES, RW GUTHRIE, HD HAMMOND, JM AF GRIMES, RW GUTHRIE, HD HAMMOND, JM TI INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-2 AND PROTEIN-3 ARE CORRELATED WITH ATRESIA AND PREOVULATORY MATURATION IN THE PORCINE OVARY SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR IGF BINDING; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; GRANULOSA-CELLS; FACTOR-I; FOLLICULAR-FLUID; HORMONAL ACTION; GONADOTROPIN; FIBROBLAST; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS AB We compared insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) levels with indicators of follicular maturation and atresia in individual follicles of the porcine ovary. Follicular development was synchronized with the progestin, altrenogest, and progestin withdrawal was used to initiate the growth of an ovulatory cohort of follicles, which is accompanied by atresia of noncohort follicles. Individual follicles were isolated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after progestin withdrawal. Atretic follicles were identified by the presence of low hypodiploid levels of DNA in 10% or more of their granulosa cells using flow cytometry. The follicular fluid (FF) level of IGFBP-3 did not differ significantly between healthy and atretic medium-sized (3- to 6-mm) follicles and was not significantly correlated with the percentage of granulosa cells containing hypodiploid levels of DNA (r = -0.181) or with endocrine parameters such as FF concentrations of estradiol or androstenedione. However, among healthy follicles (atretic follicles removed from analyses to better examine follicular maturation), IGFBP-3 increased (P < 0.01) between days 1 and 7 and was positively correlated with follicle diameter (r = 0.514; P < 0.05) and the FF concentration of progesterone (r = 0.556; P < 0.01), indicators of the degree of follicular maturation. FF IGFBP-2 levels were 3-fold greater (P < 0.01) in atretic than in healthy follicles, and IGFBP-2 was correlated with percentage of granulosa cells containing hypodiploid levels of DNA (r = 0.729; P < 0.001). Among healthy follicles, FF IGFBP-2 did not differ significantly among days and was not significantly correlated with follicle diameter. These data suggest that the content of IGFBP-2 is related to the state of follicular health/atresia, whereas IGFBP-3 is related to preovulatory follicular development. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV ENDOCRINOL DIABET & METAB,HERSHEY,PA 17033. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD24565] NR 39 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD NOV PY 1994 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1996 EP 2000 DI 10.1210/en.135.5.1996 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PR667 UT WOS:A1994PR66700037 PM 7525259 ER PT J AU CONLEY, AJ CHRISTENSON, LK FORD, SP CHRISTENSON, RK AF CONLEY, AJ CHRISTENSON, LK FORD, SP CHRISTENSON, RK TI IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF CYTOCHROMES P450 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE AND AROMATASE IN EMBRYONIC-CELL LAYERS OF ELONGATING PORCINE BLASTOCYSTS SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIG BLASTOCYST; TROPHECTODERM; CONCEPTUSES; PREGNANCY; ESTROGENS; ENZYME AB Localized expression of cytochromes P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase (P450(c17)) and aromatase (P450(arom)) was investigated in embryonic cell layers of elongating porcine blastocysts by immunocytochemistry. Blastocysts were flushed from the uterus on day 12 of pregnancy, fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained using immunogold- and peroxidase-based techniques. Staining for both P450(c17) and P450(arom) was intense in spherical 7- to 10-mm blastocysts, but was absent in earlier stage 2- to 4-mm blastocysts and less intense or absent in later stage 20-mm and filamentous embryos. Cytochrome P450(c17) was limited to the trophoblast of all blastocysts expressing the enzyme, and in spherical 7- to 10-mm blastocysts, essentially all cells of the trophoblast layer stained positively for P450(c17). However, as elongation became apparent in 10-mm blastocysts, the cells of the trophoblast became flattened, and the expression of P450(c17) declined particularly in those trophoblast cells adjacent to the embryonic disc where mesoderm outgrowth was occurring. In fact, two distinct populations of trophoblast cells became obvious: one that maintained P450(c17) expression, and one that did not. Moreover, those trophoblast cells expressing P450(c17) were less flattened than neighboring cells in which P450(c17) expression was absent. These two morphologically and functionally distinct trophoblastic cell populations were most obvious in areas furthest from the embryonic disc. Cytochrome P450(arom) was expressed in the trophoblast as well as the hypoblast under the embryonic disc. Neither P450(c17) nor P450(arom) appeared to be expressed in the embryonic disc or the mesoderm of the expanding blastocyst. These functional and structural changes in the embryonic cell layers of the elongating conceptus may be associated with the transient synthesis and secretion of estrogen that occur at the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP CONLEY, AJ (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. RI Christenson, Lane/G-6435-2013 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD NOV PY 1994 VL 135 IS 5 BP 2248 EP 2254 DI 10.1210/en.135.5.2248 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PR667 UT WOS:A1994PR66700068 PM 7956948 ER PT J AU HOLBROOK, FR GROGAN, WL AF HOLBROOK, FR GROGAN, WL TI BITING MIDGES REARED FROM LARVAL HABITATS CONTAINING CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN NEW-ENGLAND SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB During a survey conducted in New England for larval Culicoides variipennis, the larvae of several other species of Ceratopogonidae were found occupying the same habitats. The collections of Dasyhela mutabilis, C. travisi and Bezzia nobilis represent first records of association of these species with C. variipennis. RP HOLBROOK, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 105 IS 5 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PR843 UT WOS:A1994PR84300010 ER PT J AU SIDLE, RC FARMER, EE WILLIAMS, BD AF SIDLE, RC FARMER, EE WILLIAMS, BD TI SUBSIDENCE AND ROCK CREEP IN A CROSS-VALLEY FILL SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MINE DUMP STABILITY; SUBSIDENCE; CREEP; PORE WATER PRESSURE; PHOSPHATE MINES ID EROSION AB Cross-valley fills composed cf waste rock from mining operations pose environmental concerns related to their long-term stability. A large (2.06 x 10(7) m3) phosphate waste dump in southeastern Idaho was monitored from 1981 to 1988 for subsidence and horizontal displacement in conjunction with different surficial rock types and long-term precipitation patterns. Most of the 19 surveyed benchmarks on the dump face moved in the northeast direction during the 7-yr study period, roughly the same orientation as the aspect of the fill face. Average vertical subsidence rate decreased exponentially with time from a high of 0.15 m/yr in 1981-1982 to a fairly stable level of 0.008 m/yr by 1988. Net displacement similarly decreased from 0.19 m/yr shortly after dump construction to 0.023 m/yr by 1988. Both subsidence and net displacement were initially higher in the shale cap on the west side of the chert-filled dump; however, by 1986-1988 subsidence and displacement rates were actually lower in the shale material. Subsidence and net displacement appeared unaffected by temporal precipitation patterns; both subsidence and net displacement rates declined significantly during the very wet snowmelt seasons of 1983 and 1984. The temporal patterns of movement at the dump site suggest that the breakdown of the rock (especially shale) occurs primarily during the first 1.5 yr following dump construction. Periodic saturation of the upper 6 m of spoil occurred in nine of 60 neutron access tubes, normally during the spring snowmelt seasons. Saturation occurred at depths greater-than-or-equal-to 1.8 m and is thought to be associated with uneven compaction or heterogeneities in the fill. Overall, the dump appeared to be internally well drained with rates of rock creep unaffected by seasonal water inputs. C1 US FOREST SERV,REG 4,OGDEN,UT 84401. RP SIDLE, RC (reprint author), INTERMT RES STN,860 N 1200 E,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0177-5146 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 24 IS 3 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA PY484 UT WOS:A1994PY48400001 ER PT J AU VANDERPOOL, RA HOFF, D JOHNSON, PE AF VANDERPOOL, RA HOFF, D JOHNSON, PE TI USE OF INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY IN B-10 STABLE-ISOTOPE EXPERIMENTS WITH PLANTS, RATS, AND HUMANS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Health Effects of Boron and Its Compounds CY SEP 16-17, 1992 CL UNIV CALIF IRVINE, IRVINE, CA HO UNIV CALIF IRVINE DE ICP-MS; B-10; MEMORY; STABLE ISOTOPES; MATRIX; BERYLLIUM; BORON AB The commercial availability of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technology (ICP-MS) has presented the opportunity to measure the boron concentrations and isotope ratios in a large number of samples with minimal sample preparation. A typical analytical sequence for fecal samples consists of 25 acid blanks, 1 digestion blank, 5 calibration solutions, 4 standard reference material solutions, 10 samples, and 4 natural abundance bias standards. Boron detection limits (3 x 1 sigma) for acid blanks are 0.11 ppb for B-10. and 0.40 ppb for B-11. isotope ratios were measured in fecal samples with 20 to 50 ppb boron with <2% relative standard deviation. Rapid washout and minimal memory effects were observed for a 50 ppb beryllium internal standard, but a 200 ppb boron biological sample had a 1.0 ppb boron memory after a 6-min washout. Boron isotope ratios in geological materials are highly variable; apparently this variability is reflected in plants. The lack of a fixed natural abundance value for boron requires that a natural abundance ratio be determined for each sample or related data set. The natural abundance variability also prevents quantitation and calculation of isotope dilution by instrument-supplied software. To measure boron transport in animal systems, 20 mu g of B-10 were fed to a fasted rat. During the 3 days after a B-10 oral dose, 95% of the B-10 was recovered from the urine and 4% from the feces. Urinary isotope ratios, B-11/B-10, changed from a natural abundance of 4.1140 to an enriched Value of 0.9507, a 77% change. The B-10 label in perfused rat livers peaked within 3 hr (>90% recovery, 56% change in B-11/B-10) and returned to a natural abundance ratio within 24 hr. in summary. boron concentrations and enriched isotope ratios have been measured successfully in rat urine and feces by using ICP-MS. C1 USDA ARS,ALBANY,CA. RP VANDERPOOL, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 102 SU 7 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.2307/3431957 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA PY063 UT WOS:A1994PY06300003 PM 7889873 ER PT J AU HUNT, CD AF HUNT, CD TI THE BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AMOUNTS OF DIETARY BORON IN ANIMAL NUTRITION MODELS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Health Effects of Boron and Its Compounds CY SEP 16-17, 1992 CL UNIV CALIF IRVINE, IRVINE, CA HO UNIV CALIF IRVINE DE BORON; VITAMIN-D-3; BORON ANALYSIS; RATS; CHICKENS; ENERGY SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION; GLUCOSE; GROWTH CARTILAGE; MINERAL METABOLISM; CALCIUM ID VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH CARTILAGE; RAT; INHIBITION; MINERALIZATION; SECRETION; ELEMENTS; INSULIN; METABOLISM; BORATE AB This review summarizes evidence that supports working hypotheses for the roles of boron in animal model systems. It is well established that vascular plants, diatoms, and some species of marine algal flagellates have acquired an absolute requirement for boron. although the primary role of boron in plants remains unknown. Recent research findings suggest that physiologic amounts of supplemental dietary boron (PSB) affect a wide range of metabolic parameters in the chick and rat model systems. Much of the current interest in boron animal nutrition began with the initial finding that PSB stimulates growth in cholecalciferol (vitamin D-3)-deficient chicks, but does not markedly affect growth in chicks receiving adequate vitamin D-3 nutriture. The finding suggests that boron affects some aspect of vitamin D-3 metabolism or is synergistic with Vitamin D-3 in influencing growth. Vitamin D-3 regulates energy substrate utilization, and current research findings indicate that dietary boron modifies that regulatory function. The concentration of circulating glucose, the most thoroughly investigated metabolite to date, responds to PSB, especially during concomitant vitamin D-3 deficiency. In chicks, PSB substantially alleviated or corrected vitamin D-3 deficiency-induced elevations in plasma glucose concentrations. The influence of vitamin D-3 on cartilage and bone mineralization is mediated in part through its role as a regulator of energy substrate utilization; calcification is an energy-intensive process. There is considerable evidence that dietary boron alleviates perturbations in mineral metabolism that are characteristic of Vitamin D-3 deficiency. In rachitic chicks, PSB alleviated distortion of the marrow sprouts of the proximal tibial epiphysial plate, a distortion characteristic of vitamin D-3 deficiency. in ovo injections of boron or 1,25-(OH)(2)-vitamin D-3 reduced the abnormal height of the growth plate of 1-day-old chicks hatched from vitamin D-3-deficient eggs. Also, in vitamin D-deficient rats, PSB improved the apparent absorption and retention of calcium and phosphorus, and increased femur magnesium concentrations. Current findings lend support to the hypothesis that boron alleviates the symptoms of vitamin D-3-deficiency by enhancing utilization or sparing minimal supplies of an active vitamin D-3 metabolite. Also, boron and vitamin D-3 have the same overall effect on the local utilization of energy substrates. A corollary of the hypothesis is that some of the effects of dietary boron will be overshadowed by the effects of adequate amounts of dietary vitamin D-3. RP HUNT, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,UND STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 56 TC 78 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 102 SU 7 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.2307/3431960 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA PY063 UT WOS:A1994PY06300006 PM 7889878 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, FH AF NIELSEN, FH TI BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF BORON DEPRIVATION IN HUMANS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Health Effects of Boron and Its Compounds CY SEP 16-17, 1992 CL UNIV CALIF IRVINE, IRVINE, CA HO UNIV CALIF IRVINE DE BORON CALCIUM; ESTROGEN; HEMOGLOBIN; PLATELETS; MACROMINERALS; BONE; MEMBRANE ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ESTROGEN AB Boron deprivation experiments with humans have yielded some persuasive findings for the hypothesis that boron is an essential nutrient. in the first nutritional study with humans involving boron, 12 postmenopausal women first were fed a diet that provided 0.25 mg boron/2000 kcal for 119 days. and then were fed the same diet with a boron supplement of 3 mg boron/day for 48 days. The boron supplementation reduced the total plasma concentration of calcium and the urinary excretions of calcium and magnesium, and elevated the serum concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone. This study was followed by one in which five men over the age of 45, four postmenopausal women, and five postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy were fed a boron-low diet (0.23 mg/2000 kcal) for 63 days, then fed the same diet supplemented with 3 mg boron/day for 49 days. The diet was low in magnesium (115 mg/2000 kcal) and marginally adequate in copper (1.6 mg/2000 kcal) throughout the study. This experiment found higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, serum enzymatic ceruloplasmin, and plasma copper during boron repletion than boron depletion. The design of the most recent experiment was the same as the second study, except this time the diet was adequate in magnesium and copper. Estrogen therapy increased plasma copper and serum 17 beta-estradiol concentrations; the increases were depressed by boron deprivation. Estrogen ingestion also increased serum immunoreactive ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase; these variables also were higher during boron repletion than depletion for all subjects, not just those ingesting estrogen. Dietary boron had no effect on those variables in the men and women not ingesting estrogen. These findings suggest that boron can both enhance and mimic some effects of estrogen ingestion. The findings from ail three studies are consistent with the hypothesis that boron has an essential function that affects macromineral and cellular metabolism at the membrane level. RP NIELSEN, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 15 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 102 SU 7 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA PY063 UT WOS:A1994PY06300010 PM 7889883 ER PT J AU PENLAND, JG AF PENLAND, JG TI DIETARY BORON, BRAIN-FUNCTION, AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Health Effects of Boron and Its Compounds CY SEP 16-17, 1992 CL UNIV CALIF IRVINE, IRVINE, CA HO UNIV CALIF IRVINE DE BORON; BRAIN FUNCTION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; PERFORMANCE; COGNITION; BEHAVIOR; HUMAN ID EEG AB Although the trace element boron has yet to be recognized as an essential nutrient for humans, recent data from animal and human studies suggest that boron may be important for mineral metabolism and membrane function. To investigate further the functional role of boron, brain electrophysiology and cognitive performance were assessed in response to dietary manipulation of boron (approximate to 0.25 versus approximate to 3.25 mg boron/2000 kcal/day) in three studies with healthy older men and women. Within-subject designs were used to assess functional responses in all studies. Spectral analysis of electroencephalographic data showed effects of dietary boron in two of the three studies. When the low boron intake was compared to the high intake, there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the proportion of low-frequency activity, and a decrease in the proportion of higher-frequency activity. an effect often observed in response to general malnutrition and heavy metal toxicity. Performance (e.g., response time) on various cognitive and psychomotor tasks also showed an effect of dietary boron. When contrasted with the high boron intake, low dietary boron resulted in significantly poorer performance (p<0.05) on tasks emphasizing manual dexterity (studies II and III); eye-band coordination (study II); attention (all studies); perception (study III); encoding and short-term memory (all studies); and long-term memory (study I). Collectively, the data from these three studies indicate that boron may play a role in human brain function and cognitive performance, and provide additional evidence that boron is an essential nutrient for humans. RP PENLAND, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 6 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 102 SU 7 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.2307/3431965 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA PY063 UT WOS:A1994PY06300011 PM 7889884 ER PT J AU JEFFRIES, TW KURTZMAN, CP AF JEFFRIES, TW KURTZMAN, CP TI STRAIN SELECTION, TAXONOMY, AND GENETICS OF CLOSE-FERMENTING YEASTS SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE XYLOSE; STRAIN SELECTION; TAXONOMY; GENETICS; YEAST; FERMENTATION ID D-XYLULOSE FERMENTATION; XYLOSE ISOMERASE GENE; PICHIA-STIPITIS STRAINS; SPENT SULFITE LIQUOR; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE AB Xylose utilization is essential for the efficient conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol. The objective of this review is to trace the development of xylose-fermenting yeast strains from their discovery in 1980. Following initial reports, screens of known yeasts identified five species of interest: Candida shehatae, Candida tenuis, Pachysolen tannophilus, Pichia segobiensis, and Pichia stipitis. Candida shehatae strains can be divided into three varieties. Pachysolen tannophilus and Pichia stipitis have been studied most extensively and have the best-understood genetic systems. Improved mutants of P. tannophilis have been obtained by selecting for an inability to oxidize ethanol (eth) and for rapid growth on xylitol and nitrate. Improved P. stipitis mutants have been obtained by selecting for flocculation, decreased utilization of glucose, and growth on noninductive carbon sources. Bacterial xylose isomerase has been cloned and expressed in S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, but the heterologous enzyme is inactive. Xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase have been cloned from P. stipitis and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, giving rise to transformant S. cerevisiae that grow on xylose but that ferment it poorly. A transformation and expression system based on the URA3 marker has recently been developed for P. stipitis so that contemporary genetic methods may be brought to bear on this organism. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP JEFFRIES, TW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 103 TC 63 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 24 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 16 IS 11 BP 922 EP 932 DI 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90001-9 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PL469 UT WOS:A1994PL46900001 ER PT J AU REAVES, JL CRAWFORD, RH AF REAVES, JL CRAWFORD, RH TI IN-VITRO ANTAGONISM BY ULOCLADIUM-BOTRYTIS OF PHELLINUS-WEIRII, HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM, AND ARMILLARIA-OSTOYAE SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTAGONISM; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; ARMILLARIA OSTOYAE; PHELLINUS WEIRII; HETEROBASIDION ANNOSUM; ULOCLADIUM BOTRYTIS ID ROOT-ROT; TRICHODERMA; GROWTH; FOREST AB In vitro antagonism of three root-disease pathogens, Phellinus weirii, Heterobasidion annosum, and Armillaria ostoyae by Ulocladium botrylis (Preuss) is discussed. On solid medium, areas of inhibition were characteristic antagonism, whereas, in liquid medium, antagonism resulted in the reduction of the colony dry weights of the pathogens. The antagonistic effect of U. botrytis was fungistatic. RP REAVES, JL (reprint author), ALABAMA A&M UNIV,US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 1387,NORMAL,AL 35762, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-1237 J9 EUR J FOREST PATHOL JI Eur. J. Forest Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 24 IS 6-7 BP 364 EP 375 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QE084 UT WOS:A1994QE08400007 ER PT J AU HENNON, PE SHAW, CG AF HENNON, PE SHAW, CG TI DID CLIMATIC WARMING TRIGGER THE ONSET AND DEVELOPMENT OF YELLOW-CEDAR DECLINE IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHAMAECYPARIS; DECLINE; ABIOTIC; STRESS; CLIMATE; FREEZE; TOXICITY ID CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; MORTALITY AB Yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) is a valuable tree species that is experiencing an extensive forest decline on over 200 000 ha of unmanaged forest in southeast Alaska, Biotic factors appear secondary and some abiotic factor is probably the primary cause of this naturally occurring decline. A warming climate, which coincided with the onset of extensive tree mortality about 100 years ago, may have triggered one of the possible abiotic causes such as freezing damage and/or soil toxicity. C1 US FOREST SERV, FOREST HLTH MANAGEMENT, JUNEAU, AK 99801 USA. US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST RES STN, FT COLLINS, CO USA. RP HENNON, PE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, 2770 SHERWOOD LANE 2A, JUNEAU, AK 99801 USA. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-1237 J9 EUR J FOREST PATHOL JI Eur. J. Forest Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 24 IS 6-7 BP 399 EP 418 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QE084 UT WOS:A1994QE08400010 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, L PANAYOTATOS, N MEYDANI, SN WU, DY DINARELLO, CA AF SHAPIRO, L PANAYOTATOS, N MEYDANI, SN WU, DY DINARELLO, CA TI CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR COMBINED WITH SOLUBLE RECEPTOR INHIBITS SYNTHESIS OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND PROSTAGLANDIN-E(2) IN-VITRO SO EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; NORMAL HUMAN-URINE; IL-1 INDUCES IL-1; RECOMBINANT HUMAN; ALPHA COMPONENT; SUPPRESSES IL-1; CNTF RECEPTOR; IFN-GAMMA; INTERLEUKIN-6 AB In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) weakly suppressed endotoxin-induced interleukin (IL)-1 and prostaglandin E(2)(PGE(2)). Suppression of PGE(2) and IL-8 synthesis was significantly greater (up to 42.6%, P < 0.05) by adding a 10-fold molar excess of soluble CNTF receptor (sCNTFR alpha). In cultured human fibroblasts, CNTF at 12 mu g/ml did not suppress IL-1 alpha-induced IL-8. However, in the presence of a 10-fold excess of sCNTFR alpha, 300 ng/ml of CNTF suppressed IL-1 alpha-induced IL-8 by 44%. Therefore, sCNTFR alpha can confer to CNTF anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. IL-6 which, like CNTF, utilizes the gp130 signal transducer, possesses similar inhibitory effects. That CNTF and IL-6 share gp130 as a receptor component suggests that gp130 mediates these anti-inflammatory responses. (c) 1994 Academic Press,Inc. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. REGENERON PHARMACEUT INC,TARRYTOWN,NY 10591. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 07329, AI 15614] NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4827 J9 EXP CELL RES JI Exp. Cell Res. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 215 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1006/excr.1994.1313 PG 6 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA PP613 UT WOS:A1994PP61300008 PM 7957680 ER PT J AU AYALA, NL FIDDLER, W GATES, RA PENSABENE, JW AF AYALA, NL FIDDLER, W GATES, RA PENSABENE, JW TI KINETIC-STUDY ON THE NITROSATION OF DIBENZYLAMINE IN A MODEL SYSTEM SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC RUBBER NETTINGS; N-NITROSAMINES; VOLATILE NITROSAMINES; NIPPLES; NITRITE; INHIBITION; PACIFIERS AB A kinetic study of the formation of N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA), from the nitrosation of dibenzylamine (DBzA) by sodium nitrite, was performed in a model system under conditions (temperature, pH) that are similar to those encountered in the industrial production of hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. The nitrosation reaction was carried out in a KH2PO4 buffer (0.5 M) at pH 5.8 and at a temperature of 69 degrees C. Since DBzA is insoluble in an aqueous buffer system, a non-ionic surfactant, Tween 20, was used as a solubilizing agent. The nitrosation reaction exhibited first-order kinetics with respect to DBzA and second-order kinetics with respect to nitrite. The calculated rate constant was 4.7 +/- 0.5 M-(2)/min. The pH profile of NDBzA formation was also determined. The optimal pH of NDBzA formation, 3.12, was close to the pK(a) of nitrous acid (HNO2, pK(a) = 3.1). C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1015 EP 1019 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(94)90141-4 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA PT680 UT WOS:A1994PT68000002 PM 7959455 ER PT J AU LAM, LKT ZHANG, J HASEGAWA, S AF LAM, LKT ZHANG, J HASEGAWA, S TI CITRUS LIMONOID REDUCTION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED TUMORIGENESIS SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Institute-of-Food-Technologists CY JUL 10-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS ID GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE; MICE; CONSTITUENTS; GLUCOSIDES; METABOLISM; CAFESTOL; KAHWEOL C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106. RP LAM, LKT (reprint author), LKT LABS INC,2233 UNIV AVE W,ST PAUL,MN 55114, USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 48 IS 11 BP 104 EP 108 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PU454 UT WOS:A1994PU45400023 ER PT J AU MILLER, EG GONZALESSANDERS, AP COUVILLON, AM BINNIE, WH HASEGAWA, S LAM, LKT AF MILLER, EG GONZALESSANDERS, AP COUVILLON, AM BINNIE, WH HASEGAWA, S LAM, LKT TI CITRUS LIMONOIDS AS INHIBITORS OF ORAL CARCINOGENESIS SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Institute-of-Food-Technologists CY JUL 10-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS ID BUCCAL POUCH CARCINOGENESIS; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE; CAFESTOL; KAHWEOL; CONSTITUENTS; GLUCOSIDES; NEOPLASIA; LIMONIN; CANCER; MICE C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106. LKT LABS,ST PAUL,MN 55114. RP MILLER, EG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL DENT,3302 GASTON AVE,DALLAS,TX 75246, USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 48 IS 11 BP 110 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PU454 UT WOS:A1994PU45400024 ER PT J AU BAKER, RA AF BAKER, RA TI POTENTIAL DIETARY BENEFITS OF CITRUS PECTIN AND FIBER SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Institute-of-Food-Technologists CY JUL 10-14, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS ID INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETICS; CHOLESTEROL-FED RATS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; COLON CARCINOGENESIS; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; BOWEL FUNCTION; FECAL LIPIDS; GUINEA-PIGS; BILE-ACIDS RP BAKER, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33880, USA. NR 101 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 48 IS 11 BP 133 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PU454 UT WOS:A1994PU45400028 ER PT J AU VALENTINE, HT LUDLOW, AR FURNIVAL, GM AF VALENTINE, HT LUDLOW, AR FURNIVAL, GM TI MODELING CROWN RISE IN EVEN-AGED STANDS OF SITKA SPRUCE OR LOBLOLLY-PINE SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB A 'crown-rise' model that estimates average height to the base of a crown in an even-aged, monospecific stand is derived and fitted to loblolly pine and Sitka spruce data. Estimated standard errors are less than 1 m. The driving variables are average tree height and either tree count per unit area or average inter-tree distance. Two potential uses of the crown-rise model are: (1) a component of an empirical or mechanistic forest model, and (2) an alternative to stocking charts for stand density management. C1 FORESTRY COMMISS NEW S WALES,FARNHAM GU10 4LH,SURREY,ENGLAND. YALE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. RP VALENTINE, HT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,LOUIS C WYMAN FOREST SCI LAB,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 11 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 69 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90228-3 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PV627 UT WOS:A1994PV62700014 ER PT J AU SMITH, WR AF SMITH, WR TI AN EMPIRICAL-EVALUATION OF A 3-DIMENSIONAL CROWN MODEL FOR PREDICTING VOLUME GROWTH SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB A three-dimensional geometric model of crown competition was developed which can be used for empirical distance-dependent individual-tree models or biologically based process models. The crown model calculates the shape of a subject tree's crown based on the positions of its competitors' crowns and the rules of competition. It is necessary to use a crown profile equation to use the crown model. The crown profile equation was estimated from the crown width of open-grown trees at the base of the live crown. Ten replicates of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) progeny study planted in a variable density Nelder's wheel layout re-measured annually from Ages 6 to 10 and at Age 12 were used for the analysis. The use of two different rules of competition and two different methods of calculating crown volume, surface area, and exposed surface area resulted in eight different estimates related to the geometry of each crown. The relationships of the natural logarithm of periodic annual wood volume growth of different time lengths were fit to geometric estimates generated from the crown model. These relationships were compared with crown length and wood volume relationships to evaluate the utility of the three-dimensional crown model. Exposed surface area of the crown was the best predictor of volume growth produced by the crown model. Wood volume was the single best predictor of growth until Age 9, when exposed surface area became superior. The best model of all possible models was wood volume, exposed surface area, and surface area. Wood volume, exposed surface area, and total surface area length accounted for 1-11% more of the variability than crown length and wood volume. This indicated that the crown model offered benefits over the use of the raw data. The relative performance of the crown model compared with wood volume and crown length improved as competition increased. The crown model appears to offer potential for growth and yield modeling; it must be further evaluated, however, for use in mature stands. RP SMITH, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB FR,701 LOYOLA AVE,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 69 IS 1-3 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90229-1 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PV627 UT WOS:A1994PV62700015 ER PT J AU CLARK, A SAUCIER, JR BALDWIN, VC BOWER, DR AF CLARK, A SAUCIER, JR BALDWIN, VC BOWER, DR TI EFFECT OF INITIAL SPACING AND THINNING ON LUMBER GRADE, YIELD, AND STRENGTH OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SLASH PINE; WOOD AB The effect of initial spacing and thinning on grade, strength, and volume of lumber produced from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in southwest Louisiana was examined. Plots planted at spacings of 6 by 6, 8 by 8, 9 by 9, 10 by 10, and 12 by 12 feet were thinned to residual basal areas of 60, 80, 100, and 120 ft.2/acre at age 18 and at 5-year intervals through age 38. Trees thinned from the plots at age 38 were processed into lumber. Based on study tree data, equations were developed to predict total lumber volume and volume of No. 2 and better lumber produced from individual trees. A simulated final harvest at age 38 showed plots planted at 6 by 6 feet and thinned to less-than-or-equal-to 100 ft.2/acre produced greater-than-or-equal-to 60 percent No. 2 and better lumber compared to less-than-or-equal-to 42 percent No. 2 and better lumber from plots planted 12 by 12 feet and thinned to the same basal area. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. WEYERHAEUSER CO,HOT SPRINGS,AR 71902. RP CLARK, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 44 IS 11-12 BP 14 EP 20 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PX165 UT WOS:A1994PX16500001 ER PT J AU JOKERST, RW GEIMER, RL AF JOKERST, RW GEIMER, RL TI STEAM-ASSISTED HOT-PRESSING OF CONSTRUCTION PLYWOOD SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This study was designed to determine if steam injection pressing used for fiberboard, particleboard, and flakeboard could be adapted to the pressing of plywood. Plywood panels were fabricated with and without adhesive and then pressed to determine the effects of steam injection time, steam injection pressure, and press pressure on heat transfer rate, moisture distribution, thickness loss, and adhesive-bond integrity. The time to reach 220-degrees-F (104-degrees-C) in the center glueline of five-ply, 0.5-inch- (12.7-mm-) thick Douglas-fir plywood was reduced 15 percent using certain combinations of steam injection pressing variables. Heat transfer rates increased with high steam pressures, lengthened steam times, and low panel pressures. However, the combination of variables that produce rapid heat transfer rates is also prone to induce excessive panel moisture with subsequent delamination. RP JOKERST, RW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 44 IS 11-12 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PX165 UT WOS:A1994PX16500004 ER PT J AU PU, JH TANG, RC HSE, CY AF PU, JH TANG, RC HSE, CY TI CREEP-BEHAVIOR OF SWEETGUM OSB - EFFECT OF LOAD LEVEL AND RELATIVE-HUMIDITY SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Flexural creep behavior of laboratory-fabricated sweetgum oriented strandboard (OSB), under constant (65% and 95%) and cyclic (65% <--> 95% at a 96-hr. frequency) relative humidity (RH) conditions at 75-degrees-F (23.9-degrees-C) is presented. Two levels (4.5% and 6.5%) of resin content (RC) of phenol-formaldehyde were used in fabricating the test panels. Two load levels (20% and 40% of the modulus of rupture (MOR)) were chosen for the investigation. Load duration was 12 weeks followed by a 3-week recovery under constant 65 percent RH at 75-degrees-F. Constant high RH (95%) as well as the cyclic RH (65% <--> 95%) showed a great influence on the creep resistance and relative creep. At constant low RH (65%), improvement of relative creep was observed when the RC was increased from 4.5 to 6.5 percent. The load-duration effect (creep-rupture) became evident when the load level was increased from 20 to 40 percent MOR under constant 95 percent or cyclic 65 <--> 95 percent RH conditions. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP PU, JH (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 44 IS 11-12 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PX165 UT WOS:A1994PX16500006 ER PT J AU RIVER, BH AF RIVER, BH TI OUTDOOR AGING OF WOOD-BASED PANELS AND CORRELATION WITH LABORATORY AGING SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This report describes the effects of outdoor aging on wood-based materials and relates their performance to that of materials exposed to accelerated aging in the laboratory. Fourteen phenolic-bonded wood-based panels, 1 phenolic-bonded structural plywood, and 2 solid woods were exposed to outdoor aging for periods from 7 to 12 years. Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength (IB), and thickness swelling (TS) of the materials were determined periodically during aging. Specimens of the same materials were exposed to accelerated laboratory treatments, including cyclic boil-dry (BD), vacuum-pressure-soak-dry (VPSD), and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard D 1037. The greatest reduction in performance occurred in the first year of outdoor aging and was largely the result of initial springback. The poorest-performing panels lost more than 50 percent of initial MOR within 3 years. The best-performing panels lost less than 50 percent of initial MOR after 10 years and appeared to be weathering as well as solid wood. Strong correlations (Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients > 0.90) were found between MOR after cyclic BD aging and MOR after outdoor aging. Predictive equations for MOR, MOE, IB, and TS in outdoor aging were developed as functions of material performance after either five cycles of BD treatment or after the ASTM D 1037 aging treatment. RP RIVER, BH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 44 IS 11-12 BP 55 EP 65 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PX165 UT WOS:A1994PX16500008 ER PT J AU MCKEEVER, DB PHELPS, RB AF MCKEEVER, DB PHELPS, RB TI WOOD PRODUCTS USED IN NEW SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSE CONSTRUCTION - 1950 TO 1992 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The construction of houses, apartment buildings, mobile homes, and manufactured housing is the single largest market for solid wood products in the United States, followed closely by residential repair and remodeling. Studies to quantify wood products consumption for new residential construction have been conducted over the years by the USDA Forest Service and others to provide information needed by government and industry to effectively manage the nation's timber resource and provide needed wood products. This study evaluates consumption estimates made by the Forest Service in 1959, 1962, 1968, and 1988; develops estimates of lumber and wood panel consumption for single-family residential construction from 1950 through 1992; and compares these estimates with those reported in the most recent detailed Forest Service timber assessment research report. Results indicate that overall wood products consumption for new residential construction in the 1970s and 1980s was greater than previously calculated. C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. RP MCKEEVER, DB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 44 IS 11-12 BP 66 EP 74 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PX165 UT WOS:A1994PX16500009 ER PT J AU GREEN, DW KRETSCHMANN, DE FANTOZZI, JA AF GREEN, DW KRETSCHMANN, DE FANTOZZI, JA TI SHEAR AND COMPRESSION PERPENDICULAR TO GRAIN PROPERTY ESTIMATION FOR 2400F MSR LUMBER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In 1992, the American Lumber Standard Committee approved alternative procedures for assigning allowable shear parallel and compression perpendicular to grain values to machine stress rated (MSR) lumber. This paper compares the newly approved procedures to results of clear wood tests on remnants of bending specimens for Douglas-fir/larch, hem-fir, and Engelmann sprucelodgepole pine 2400f-2.OE MSR lumber. Approximately 130 shear strength parallel to the grain (shear), compression perpendicular to the grain (C-perp), and specific gravity tests were conducted for each species at 13 percent moisture content. Shear and C-perp tests used nonstandard test specimens that had been evaluated in the literature and found to give equivalent results to the standard specimens. This study indicates that the alternative method for assigning shear to MSR lumber based on specific gravity, recently approved by the American Lumber Standards Committee, is overly conservative for 2400f-2.OE. A similar equation that uses the dry-green ratios in ASTM D 2555, rather than the moisture content adjustment factor given in ASTM D 245, gives a more realistic prediction of 5th percentile shear. The alternative procedure for assigning C-perp fiber stress at 0.04-inch deformation follows the slope of the mean trend but gives a conservative estimate of the mean values for C-perp in 2400f-2.OE MSR lumber. C1 WESTERN WOOD PROD ASSOC,PORTLAND,OR 97204. RP GREEN, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 44 IS 11-12 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PX165 UT WOS:A1994PX16500010 ER PT J AU HEILMAN, WE AF HEILMAN, WE TI SIMULATIONS OF BUOYANCY-GENERATED HORIZONTAL ROLL VORTICES OVER MULTIPLE HEATING LINES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NONHYDROSTATIC MODEL; VORTICITY; PRESSURE PERTURBATIONS; CIRCULATION ID WIND-TUNNEL; FIRES; SURFACE AB A two-dimensional nonhydrostatic atmospheric model is used to simulate the boundary-layer circulations that develop from multiple lines of extremely high surface temperatures. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the role of buoyancy and ambient crossflow effects in generating horizontal roll vortices in the vicinity of adjacent wildland fire perimeters. Numerical results suggest that the downdraft segments of buoyancy-generated horizontal roll vortices can be reinforced when multiple heating lines are present, with the degree of reinforcement dependent on the heating-line spacing. Significant low-level horizontal now directly over the bounding heating lines is observed in some simulations, suggesting a mechanism for low-level flame migration in actual wildland fires. Multiple heating lines also affect the development and behavior of buoyancy-generated horizontal roll vortices when ambient crossflows are present. Simulations indicate that vortices are more likely to persist for multiple heating lines than for a single heating line when light ambient crossflows are introduced. Although simulation results should be viewed qualitatively, they suggest the potential importance of adjacent fire perimeters in actual wildland fire episodes for the development and behavior of buoyancy-generated horizontal roll vortices. RP HEILMAN, WE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1407 S HARRISON RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 40 IS 4 BP 601 EP 617 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PT418 UT WOS:A1994PT41800002 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MS AF WILLIAMS, MS TI EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF WEIGHT-FUNCTIONS WITH NO CONSTRAINTS ON FUNCTION TYPES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WEIGHTED LINEAR REGRESSION; INDEX OF FIR; BOOTSTRAP SAMPLE AB In weighted Linear regression, the variance of the error terms is estimated by a weight function. Methods for testing two competing weight functions exist provided one of the functions is a special case of another weight function. A method based on an index of fit and bootstrap sampling, which allows two unrelated weight functions to be compared, is given. This method is tested on six artificial data sets of different sizes. For data sets of size 100 and larger, the proposed method could detect the difference between the weight functions sigma(2)f(1)(x(i)) = sigma(2)e(phi 1xi) and sigma(2)f(2)(x(i)) = sigma(2)x(i)(phi 2) the 95% level. RP WILLIAMS, MS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 40 IS 4 BP 787 EP 793 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PT418 UT WOS:A1994PT41800012 ER PT J AU OU, SK STOREY, JB THOMPSON, TE AF OU, SK STOREY, JB THOMPSON, TE TI A NORTHERN PECAN POLLEN SOURCE DELAYS GERMINATION OF NUTS FROM A SOUTHERN PECAN CULTIVAR SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA ILLINOINENSIS; VIVIPARITY; XENIA; PREHARVEST GERMINATION AB Preharvest germination (viviparity) can be a problem with nuts of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]. Two southern-adapted cultivars ('Cherokee' and 'Wichita') and one northern-adapted cultivar ('Johnson') were paternal parents in controlled crosses with the maternal parent 'Wichita'.'Wichita' x 'Johnson' seed took much longer to germinate than seed from either the 'Wichita' x 'Cherokee' cross or the 'Wichita' self, therefore indicating that pollen source may influence germination characteristics. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT HORT SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,PECAN GENET & BREEDING STN,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1994 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1290 EP 1291 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PP271 UT WOS:A1994PP27100019 ER PT J AU FRANCOIS, LE AF FRANCOIS, LE TI YIELD AND QUALITY RESPONSE OF SALT-STRESSED GARLIC SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALLIUM SATIVUM; PERCENT SOLIDS; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; SALT TOLERANCE AB Garlic (Allium sativum L.) salt tolerance was determined in a 2-year field plot study. Saline treatments were imposed by irrigating with water that was salinized with 1 NaCl:1 CaCl2, (w/w). The electrical conductivities of the irrigation water was 1.4 (control), 3.1, 5.8, 8.8, 12.0, and 14.8 dS.m(-1) in 1990 to 1991 and 1.4, 2.0, 3.9, 5.8, 7.8, and 9.9 dS.m(-1) in 1991 to 1992. Considering both years, relative bulb yield was reduced 14.3% with each unit increase in soil salinity >3.9 dS.m(-1). Increasing soil salinity significantly reduced all yield components (i.e., bulb weight and diameter; plants per unit area). Percentage of solids in the bulb was significantly reduced as soil salinity increased. Leaf tissue accumulated significantly higher Cl, Na, and Ca concentrations then did bulb tissue. RP FRANCOIS, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1994 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1314 EP 1317 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PP271 UT WOS:A1994PP27100025 ER PT J AU EHLENFELDT, MK AF EHLENFELDT, MK TI THE GENETIC COMPOSITION AND TETRASOMIC INBREEDING COEFFICIENTS OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY CULTIVARS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TETRAPLOID; POLYPLOID; VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM; VACCINIUM DARROWI; VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM ID VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM L; RABBITEYE BLUEBERRIES AB Inbreeding coefficients were calculated for highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars based on a tetrasomic inheritance model. This model yielded lower inbreeding coefficients than previous calculations based on a disomic tetraploid inheritance model. Recent trends in breeding have resulted in significant use of V. darrowi Camp as a source of low-chilling germplasm for use in the southern United States. There is also a trend toward increased inbreeding in several crosses from which recently released cultivars have been derived. Increased inbreeding coefficients do not represent a detrimental situation in blueberry per se. RP EHLENFELDT, MK (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,BLUEBERRY & CRANBERRY RES CTR,CHATSWORTH,NJ 08019, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1994 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1342 EP 1345 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PP271 UT WOS:A1994PP27100034 ER PT J AU COLLINS, JK PERKINSVEAZIE, P MANESS, N CARTWRIGHT, B AF COLLINS, JK PERKINSVEAZIE, P MANESS, N CARTWRIGHT, B TI RESISTANCE IN MUSKMELON CULTIVARS TO MELON APHID SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE CUCUMIS MELO; APHIS GOSSYPII C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,WES WATKINS AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,LANE,OK 74555. RP COLLINS, JK (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,S CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1994 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1367 EP 1367 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PP271 UT WOS:A1994PP27100043 ER PT J AU DEANNYSTROM, EA SAMUEL, JE AF DEANNYSTROM, EA SAMUEL, JE TI AGE-RELATED RESISTANCE TO 987P FIMBRIA-MEDIATED COLONIZATION CORRELATES WITH SPECIFIC GLYCOLIPID RECEPTORS IN INTESTINAL MUCUS IN SWINE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PORCINE INTESTINE; ADHESION; PILUS; K99; PIGS; IDENTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GLYCOPROTEINS AB Strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that produce 987P fimbriae (987P(+) strains) colonize the small intestines and cause diarrhea in neonatal (<6-day-old) pigs but not in weaned pigs. However, 987P(+) E. coli strains adhere in vitro to intestinal epithelial cells from pigs of both ages. Two intestinal components, designated 987R and 987M, bind 987P fimbriae (987P) on Western blots (immunoblots). We examined brush borders (BB) and intestinal washes (IW) from pigs to determine if they contain glycolipids which bind 987P. Total glycolipid extracts from BB and IW of 4-week-old pigs were separated on thin-layer chromatograms and overlaid with purified 987P. Bound 987P were detected with 987P-specific antiserum. 987P bound to at least one moiety in both BB and IW glycolipids and also bound to several purified glycolipids, including gangliotetraosylceramide, lactosylceramide (CDH), sulfatide (SFT), gangliotriaosylceramide, and galactosylceramide (listed in order of decreasing affinity). Strain 987, but not the isogenic 987P(-) strain I36, bound to these same glycolipids, indicating that the fimbriae contain the adhesin required for binding to these lipids. Glycolipids extracted from BB and IW isolated from 3- and 4-week-old pigs and from BB isolated from 1-day-old pigs contained similar amounts of glycolipids like CDH and SFT that bound 987P. Finally, 987P bound to CDH, SFT, and total BB glycolipids separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to Immobilon, and these glycolipids had mobilities similar to that of 987M. Thus, 987M may contain 987P-binding glycolipids. We hypothesize that glycolipid receptors for 987P, most likely CDH or SFT, in the mucus of older pigs bind 987P and inhibit 987P-mediated intestinal colonization by preventing the attachment of 987P(+) E. coli to 987P receptors on the intestinal epithelium. C1 MICROCARB INC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20879. RP DEANNYSTROM, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 62 IS 11 BP 4789 EP 4794 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PN304 UT WOS:A1994PN30400013 PM 7927756 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL BAGI, LK AF BUCHANAN, RL BAGI, LK TI EXPANSION OF RESPONSE-SURFACE MODELS FOR THE GROWTH OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 TO INCLUDE SODIUM-NITRITE AS A VARIABLE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; ANAEROBIC GROWTH; AEROBIC GROWTH; CHLORIDE; PH; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS AB The previously published (Buchanan et al., 1993a) response surface models for estimating the aerobic and anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a function of temperature, initial pH, and sodium chloride content have been expanded to include sodium nitrite as a further variable. A fractional factorial design was employed to quantitate the effect of NaNO2 in conjunction with the four other variables by culturing a three-strain mixture in brain heart infusion broth. The activity of NaNO2 was strongly pH-dependent, with inhibition being significant at pH values less-than-or-equal-to 5.5 and enhanced by lowering the incubation temperature. The effects of the variables on Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth kinetics were modeled by response surface analysis using quadratic and cubic polynomial models of the natural logarithm transformation of both the Gompertz B and M parameters (Gompertz parameters) and the lag phase duration (LPD) and generation time (GT) values (kinetics parameters) calculated for individual growth curves. All models provided reasonable estimates for most variable combinations; however, comparisons of predicted versus observed values indicated that overall the most useful models were the cubic models based on LPD and GT values. Although additional validation of the models is required, comparisons of predicted times to a 1000-fold increase in population density against those calculated from previously published growth studies indicate that the models are an effective means for acquiring 'first estimates' of the growth characteristics of E. coli O157:H7. RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 317 EP 332 DI 10.1016/0168-1605(94)90160-0 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA PT604 UT WOS:A1994PT60400007 PM 7873334 ER PT J AU BHADURI, S TURNERJONES, CO BUCHANAN, RL PHILLIPS, JG AF BHADURI, S TURNERJONES, CO BUCHANAN, RL PHILLIPS, JG TI RESPONSE-SURFACE MODEL OF THE EFFECT OF PH, SODIUM-CHLORIDE AND SODIUM-NITRITE ON GROWTH OF YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA AT LOW-TEMPERATURES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; LOW TEMPERATURES; AEROBIC GROWTH KINETICS; MODEL; PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; AEROBIC GROWTH; SQUARE ROOT; ATMOSPHERE; ACIDULANT; KINETICS; STRAINS AB A fractional factorial design was used to measure the effects and interactions of temperature (5, 12, 19-degrees-C), pH (4.5-8.5), sodium chloride (0.5-5%) and sodium nitrite (0-200 mug/ml) on the aerobic growth of Y. enterocolitica in brain heart infusion broth. Growth curves were modeled by fitting plate count data to the Gompertz equation. Quadratic models of natural logarithm transformations of the Gompertz B and M values and the derived values for lag phase durations and generation times were obtained using response surface analysis. Predictions based on the models for B and M values were comparable to predictions based on the derived values. These models provide a means for rapidly estimating how the bacterium is likely to respond to any combination of the four variables within the specified ranges. C1 USDA ARS,N ATLANTIC AREA OFF,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP BHADURI, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 24 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.1016/0168-1605(94)90161-9 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA PT604 UT WOS:A1994PT60400008 PM 7873335 ER PT J AU ZAIKA, LL MOULDEN, E WEIMER, L PHILLIPS, JG BUCHANAN, RL AF ZAIKA, LL MOULDEN, E WEIMER, L PHILLIPS, JG BUCHANAN, RL TI MODEL FOR THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, INITIAL PH, SODIUM-CHLORIDE AND SODIUM-NITRITE CONCENTRATIONS ON ANAEROBIC GROWTH OF SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; ANAEROBIC GROWTH KINETICS; MODELING; RESPONSE SURFACE MODEL; TEMPERATURE ID UNITED-STATES; FOODBORNE DISEASE; AEROBIC GROWTH; OUTBREAK; SURVIVAL AB A fractional factorial design was used to measure the effects and interactions of temperature (12-37-degrees-C), initial pH (5.5-7.5), NaCl (0.5-4.0%) and NaNO2 (0-1000 ppm) on the anaerobic growth kinetics of Shigella flexneri in Brain-Heart Infusion broth. Anaerobic conditions were established by flushing the culture flasks with N2. A total of 375 cultures representing 124 variable combinations were analyzed, with growth curves being generated using the Gompertz equation. Growth rates decreased with decreasing temperature, decreasing pH and increasing NaCl level. NaNO2 in combination with low temperature, low pH and high NaCl content effectively inhibited S. flexneri. Response surface analysis was used to obtain models for estimating the growth of S. flexneri in terms of temperature, initial pH, and NaCl and NaNO2 concentrations. A third-order equation using the natural logarithm transformations for the Gompertz B and M terms gave reasonable estimates of bacterial growth in response to any combination of the variables studied within the specified ranges. C1 USDA ARS,N ATLANTIC AREA OFF,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP ZAIKA, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 345 EP 358 DI 10.1016/0168-1605(94)90162-7 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA PT604 UT WOS:A1994PT60400009 PM 7873336 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO AF DUKE, SO TI GLANDULAR TRICHOMES - A FOCAL POINT OF CHEMICAL AND STRUCTURAL INTERACTIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID WORMWOOD ARTEMISIA-ANNUA; SOLANUM-BERTHAULTII; CULTURES RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 30 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 155 IS 6 BP 617 EP 620 DI 10.1086/297200 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QC417 UT WOS:A1994QC41700001 ER PT J AU ANG, CYW LIU, F SUN, T AF ANG, CYW LIU, F SUN, T TI DEVELOPMENT OF A DYNAMIC HEADSPACE GC METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF HEATING END-POINT TEMPERATURE ON VOLATILES OF CHICKEN BREAST MEAT SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HEADSPACE GC; HEATING TEMPERATURE; POULTRY MEAT; VOLATILES ID WARMED-OVER FLAVOR; BROILER BREAST AB A dynamic headspace GC method was developed for the: analysis of volatile compounds from frozen, stored chicken breast meat previously heat-treated to various end-point temperatures (EPTs) from 60 to 80 degrees C. Skinless, ground chicken breast meat was heated to various internal EPTs at 5 degrees C intervals in a water bath and then stored frozen. Samples were analyzed by a purge and trap dynamic headspace GC system with a HP-5 50 m x 0.32 mm x 1.05 mu m column (cross-linked 5% phenyl methyl silicone). Optimum parameters of the dynamic headspace system were developed. Dependent on sample treatment, approximately 50 compounds were detectable by this method. Most of these volatile compounds increased in peak areas and peak heights as the EPT increased, particularly between 60 and 70 degrees C. The dynamic headspace GC profile is highly correlated to EPT of previously heated chicken breast meat under controlled conditions. Major volatiles identified included pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, propanol, 2-methylpropanal, 2,3-butanedione, 2-butanone, 3-methylbutanal, 1-penten-3-ol, dimethyl disulfide, heptanone, 7-octen-4-ol, and nonanal. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV SCI,EASTERN LAB,ATHENS,GA 30604. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA. RP ANG, CYW (reprint author), US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV CHEM,3900 NCTR RD,HFT-230,JEFFERSON,AR 72079, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2493 EP 2498 DI 10.1021/jf00047a023 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PT635 UT WOS:A1994PT63500023 ER PT J AU HELMICK, JS FIDDLER, W AF HELMICK, JS FIDDLER, W TI THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION OF THE RUBBER VULCANIZATION AGENT, ZINC DIBENZYLDITHIOCARBAMATE, AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN NITROSAMINE FORMATION IN HAMS PROCESSED IN ELASTIC NETTINGS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION; DITHIOCARBAMATE; RUBBER; DIBENZYLAMINE; NITROSAMINES; CURED MEATS ID VOLATILE N-NITROSAMINES; EXTRACTION; ELASTOMERS AB The thermal decomposition of zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (ZnDBzDTC), a compound used in the formulation of rubber and a possible precursor for N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA), was studied by a variety of thermal and spectroscopic techniques. At 326 degrees C, the decomposition temperature of the dithiocarbamate, carbon disulfide and dibenzylamine were the principal products formed. Smaller amounts of toluene, benzyl isothiocyanate, N,N,N'-tribenzylthiourea, and benzylbenzylidene were identified. The amount of dibenzylamine (DBzA) formed by the thermal decomposition of ZnDBzDTC may have a limited role in the formation of NDBzA in hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. The thermal conditions used in the smokehouse are significantly lower than the decomposition temperature of purified ZnDBzDTC. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2541 EP 2544 DI 10.1021/jf00047a031 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PT635 UT WOS:A1994PT63500031 ER PT J AU IBRAHIM, A MOATS, WA AF IBRAHIM, A MOATS, WA TI EFFECT OF COOKING PROCEDURES AN OXYTETRACYCLINE RESIDUES IN LAMB MUSCLE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LAMB; OXYTETRACYCLINE; COOKING ID TETRACYCLINE; ANTIBIOTICS AB Data on the effect of cooking procedures on antibiotic residues in meat are rather limited and have not been reported for microwave cooking. For the present study, ground meat was used from lambs dosed intravenously with oxytetracycline 4 h prior to slaughter. The meat was mixed to ensure uniformity and formed into 100 g patties. Residues were determined by HPLC analysis. When the meat was packed in a sausage casing and cooked in boiling water, oxytetracycline was reduced 95% in 30 min. Microwave Cooking to ''well-done'' (no red color) required 8 min, gave a final temperature of 98-102 degrees C, and reduced levels 60% from controls. Frying to ''well-done'' also required 8 min, the final internal temperature was 81 degrees C, and residues were reduced 17.3%. Degradation was related to the final temperature reached, which was higher for microwave cooking or for boiling than for frying. These results are consistent with other reported studies. C1 USDA ARS,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CAIRO UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT FOOD HYG,CAIRO,EGYPT. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2561 EP 2563 DI 10.1021/jf00047a035 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PT635 UT WOS:A1994PT63500035 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME DATA, ES KAYS, SJ AF SNOOK, ME DATA, ES KAYS, SJ TI CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTITATION OF HEXADECYL, OCTADECYL, AND EICOSYL ESTERS OF P-COUMARIC ACID IN THE VINE AND ROOT LATEX OF SWEET-POTATO [IPOMOEA-BATATAS (L) LAM] SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SWEET-POTATO; IPOMOEA BATATAS (L) LAM; LATEX; PHENOLIC ACID FATTY ALCOHOL ESTERS; SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL; CYLAS FORMICARIUS ID SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL; PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENE; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PLANTS AB Methanol extracts of vine latex of four cultivars of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] were analyzed for their chemical phenolic composition by reversed-phase HPLC. Major components were identified as hexadecyl, octadecyl, and eicosyl p-coumarates by an evaluation of data from UV spectra, hydrolysis, synthesis, and GC/MS of their trimethylsilyl derivatives. Both Z- and E-isomers of the phenolic acid were found, with the latter predominating. Trace quantities of hexadecyl (Z)- and (E)-ferulates were also identified in ester concentrates. Levels of octadecyl (E)-p-coumarate ranged from 0.7% fresh weight in cv. Resisto to almost 2% in cv. Jewel, while the hexadecyl ester levels were only 1/4 to 1/3 these values. Levels of the Z-esters were 1/10 to 1/20 of the levels of the corresponding E-isomers. Levels of the esters in cv. Jewel sweetpotato root latex were 2-10-fold the levels in the vine latex, while the ratio of E-esters to Z-esters was found to be 7-14-fold. The concentration of Z-esters among the sweetpotato cultivars tested correlated closely with the leaf feeding index for the sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius) (R(2): C-20 = 0.96; C-18 = 0.98; C-16 = 0.71). The results indicate a possible relationship between latex chemistry and insect resistance that might be exploited via plant breeding. C1 VISAYAS STATE COLL AGR,PHILIPPINE ROOT CROP RES & TRAINING CTR,LEYTE 6521A,PHILIPPINES. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP SNOOK, ME (reprint author), USDA,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2589 EP 2595 DI 10.1021/jf00047a041 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PT635 UT WOS:A1994PT63500041 ER PT J AU LEE, HJ DUKE, SO AF LEE, HJ DUKE, SO TI PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN IX-OXIDIZING ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN THE MODE OF ACTION OF PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PEROXIDASE; PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; PLASMA MEMBRANE; PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; OXIDASE-INHIBITING HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PORPHYRIN ACCUMULATION; CUCUMBER COTYLEDONS; PLASMA-MEMBRANES; H-3 ACIFLUORFEN; BARLEY; OXIDATION; LOCALIZATION AB A plasma membrane (PM)-associated protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox)-like activity has recently been hypothesized to play a critical role in the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX exported by Protox-inhibited plastids to protoporphyrin IX in acifluorfen-methyl-treated plant tissues. Protox activities from etioplast and PM fractions from 7-day-old etiolated barley leaves were compared with regard to susceptibility to several Protox-inhibiting herbicides, effects of NADPH, quinones, and chelators, and other biochemical parameters. Etioplast Protox was much more susceptible to the herbicides than was PM Protox, whereas PM activity was much more inhibited by dithiothreitol (DTT). Cross-contamination could account for the relatively small effect of each of these inhibitors on that fraction on which they had little effect. NADPH was inhibitory to etioplast Protox activity; however, no inhibition was observed on PM Protox activity. Quinones such as duroquinone, juglone, or pyrroloquinoline quinone stimulated PM Protox activity, whereas lesser or no effects of these quinones were found in etioplasts. The K-m values for protoporphyrinogen IX of etioplast and PM Protox were 26 and 172 nM, respectively. DTT did not substantially change the K-m values in either preparation. Diethyldithiocarbamate, a copper chelator, strongly inhibited PM activity, while it had little or no effect on etioplast Protox. Hydrogen peroxide stimulated PM Protox activity, whereas cyanide ion and catalase inhibited it. There was much less effect of any of these compounds on etioplast Protox activity. These data further substantiate that PM Protox is different from etioplast Protox and that PM Protox is resistant to diphenyl ether herbicides. Moreover, they suggest that PM Protox has characteristics similar to those of a peroxidase. C1 USDA ARS, SO WEED SCI LAB, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 54 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2610 EP 2618 DI 10.1021/jf00047a044 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PT635 UT WOS:A1994PT63500044 ER PT J AU GARNER, DL JOHNSON, LA YUE, ST ROTH, BL HAUGLAND, RP AF GARNER, DL JOHNSON, LA YUE, ST ROTH, BL HAUGLAND, RP TI DUAL DNA STAINING ASSESSMENT OF BOVINE SPERM VIABILITY USING SYBR-14 AND PROPIDIUM IODIDE SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPERM; FLUORESCENCE; SYBR-14; FLOW CYTOMETRY; VITAL STAINING; CRYOPRESERVATION ID CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; SPERMATOZOAL FUNCTION; SEX PRESELECTION; CELL VIABILITY; SEMEN QUALITY; BEARING SPERM; HOECHST 33342; EGG-YOLK; FERTILITY AB A new membrane-permeant DNA stain, SYBR-14, was used in combination with propidium iodide (PI) to estimate the proportion of living sperm in bovine semen. The SYBR-14 stained living sperm while PI only stained degenerate cells that had lost their membrane integrity. Staining with SYBR-14 resulted in the nuclei of living sperm fluorescing bright green. Aliquots containing nearly all living bovine sperm were prepared using glass wool/Sephadex filtration to remove dead and damaged cells. A portion of this filtered sample was killed by unprotected freeze-thawing and used to provide mixed aliquots containing known ratios of living and dead sperm. Flow cytometry was used to assess the green and red fluorescence of these mixtures. The percentages of living sperm, as determined by the log of green fluorescence, were 85.1, 68.8, 39.8, 20.7, and 1.4 for ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 of the filtered, killed mixtures. Also, bovine semen was diluted 1:60 in HEPES-0.1% bovine serum albumin and incubated for 0, 3, 6, and 24 hours at 36 degrees C to assess changes in cell viability. As cell death occurred during this incubation period, a relatively rapid transition of staining from green to red occurred as sperm died. Three replicates of cryopreserved sperm from six bulls were also examined using SYBR-14 and PI to assess the proportion of living and dead cells. Flow cytometric analyses of these samples, which had been processed and stored in homogenized milk, indicated that this stain combination was useful in assessing the quality of cryopreserved sperm. The combination of SYBR-14 and PI was determined to be an effective tool for assessing the viability of fresh or cryopreserved sperm. C1 USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. MOLEC PROBES INC,EUGENE,OR 97402. RP GARNER, DL (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,SCH VET MED 202,RENO,NV 89557, USA. RI Roth, Bryan/F-3928-2010 NR 34 TC 187 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 15 IS 6 BP 620 EP 629 PG 10 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QA312 UT WOS:A1994QA31200017 PM 7721666 ER PT J AU JENKINS, TG FERRELL, CL AF JENKINS, TG FERRELL, CL TI PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH WEANING OF 9 BREEDS OF CATTLE UNDER VARYING FEED AVAILABILITIES .1. INITIAL EVALUATION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENOTYPE NUTRITION INTERACTION; EFFICIENCY; COWS; CALVES; INTAKE ID RECIPROCAL CROSS COWS; LIFE-CYCLE EFFICIENCY; BEEF-PRODUCTION; NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; MILK-YIELD; ENERGY; LACTATION; SLAUGHTER; CHAROLAIS; INTERVAL AB The effect of varying dry matter availability on the conversion of dry matter resources to weight of calf at weaning was evaluated for nine breeds of cattle; Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Red Poll, Pinzgauer, and Simmental were recorded for 5 yr. Within each breed, four cows were assigned to each of four feeding levels of dry matter intake: 58, 76, 93, or 111 g of DM/wt(.75). Cows remained on their assigned diet regimen througout the study. Individual cow consumption, daily feed allowance adjusted for refusal, was recorded weekly. Production information included birth and weaning weight of the progeny, calving rate, and cow weights and condition scores. Cows were exposed to bulls of the same breed for 90 d. Reasons for cow replacement included failure to conceive in two successive years, injury, Caesarean section, chronic illness, and death. Response to dry matter intake (DMI) was curvilinear and differed among breeds (P < .10) for calving rate, calf survival, and weight of calf weaned per cow exposed. Significant differences occurred among the breeds for the linear response to DMI for cow weight and condition score. The response to DMI was curvilinear for birth weight (P < .10), but the response did not differ among breeds (P > .20). Red Poll exhibited more effective conversion at DMI less than 4,000 kg/yr, but breeds with greater genetic potential for growth and(or) milk production (Gelbvieh, Charolais, Braunvieh, Simmental, Pinzgauer, and Limousin) were more efficient at DMI greater than 6,000 kg/yr. Ranking for biological production efficiency (weight of calf weaned.cow exposed(-1).kg DMI of cow(-1)) through weaning among breeds of cattle varied with dry matter intake. RP JENKINS, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 28 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 72 IS 11 BP 2787 EP 2797 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PQ175 UT WOS:A1994PQ17500002 PM 7730170 ER PT J AU EISEMANN, JH HUNTINGTON, GB AF EISEMANN, JH HUNTINGTON, GB TI METABOLITE FLUX ACROSS PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA, LIVER, AND HINDQUARTERS OF HYPERINSULINEMIC, EUGLYCEMIC BEEF STEER SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STEERS; INSULIN; GLUCOSE; GROWTH; METABOLISM ID INSULIN RESPONSIVENESS; TISSUE RESPONSIVENESS; BLOOD-FLOW; SHEEP; GLUCOSE; RUMINANTS; RESPONSES; GLUCAGON; INVIVO; COWS AB Metabolic response to i.v., exogenous insulin was characterized in three younger (355 d old, 340 kg BW) and four older (480 d old, 456 kg BW) beef steers. The steers had chronic indwelling catheters to allow measurement of blood flow and net flux of metabolites across portal-drained viscera (PDV), liver, and hindquarters (Hand). Daily N and ME intakes provided at least 1.8 times maintenance requirements. Net flux was measured before and after each steer received intramesenteric infusions of insulin, which ranged from 5 to 80 mU.h(-1).kg BW-1, and intrajugular infusion of glucose to maintain euglycemia. Nonlinear fits of data provided predictions of maximal glucose entry (R(max)) for glucose infused, liver glucose release, HQ glucose uptake, and total glucose entry (TGE, sum of glucose infused plus liver release). Differences in BW could account for differences (P < .05) in R(max) for TGE between older steers (688 mmol/h) and younger steers (493 mmol/h). Plasma insulin needed to elicit half-maximal response (ED(50)) for TGE tended (P < .17) to be greater for older (82 mU/L) than for younger steers (49 mU/L). The decrease in liver glucose release in response to infusion of insulin was greater (P < .01) for older (-170 mmol/h) than younger (-106 mmol/h) steers. The ED(50) for liver production of glucose tended (P = .13) to be greater for older (45 mU/L) than for younger (5 mU/L) steers. At 80 mU.h(-1).kg BW-1 liver extraction of insulin decreased to approximately 50% of control extraction, and arterial insulin concentration was at least 9.4 times control concentrations. The PDV release and liver removal of L-lactate and propionate were not reduced by insulin infusion, although liver glucose release was 51 and 76% of control for younger and older steers, respectively. We concluded that older steers tended to be less sensitive than younger steers to the effects of insulin on glucose metabolism. C1 USDA ARS,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 72 IS 11 BP 2919 EP 2929 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PQ175 UT WOS:A1994PQ17500018 PM 7730186 ER PT J AU BENNETT, GA NELSEN, TC MILLER, BM AF BENNETT, GA NELSEN, TC MILLER, BM TI ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF ZEARALENONE IN CORN, WHEAT, AND PIG FEED - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALPHA-ZEARALENOL; CEREALS; GRAINS AB A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening method for zearalenone in corn, wheat, and feed at 500 ng/g was evaluated by 23 collaborators (22 laboratories) in an international collaborative study. Eighteen samples of spiked or naturally contaminated corn, wheat, and pig feed were prepared by the sponsoring laboratory and sent for testing with complete test kits to participating collaborators in Canada, Italy, Sweden, The Netherlands, and the United States. Test samples were extracted with methanol-water solution (70 + 30) by shaking on a wrist-action shaker for 3 min. A portion of the extract was mixed with an equal volume of zearalenone-enzyme conjugate, and the mixture was incubated with zearalenone-specific monoclonal antibodies coated onto microtiter wells. All test samples were assayed in duplicate. One of 52 (2%) blanks was reported positive. Thirty-nine of the 52 (75%) samples that were spiked at 500 ng/g were reported as positive. Forty-nine of the 51 (96%) samples with concentrations at or above 1000 ng/g were reported as positive. The overall incidence of false negatives was 6.0% and the incidence of false positives was 22.7% by the ELISA method. Only one (3.4%) false negative was reported for samples containing greater than or equal to 800 ng/g. In the spectrophotometric method, 8 collaborators determined approximate levels of zearalenone in test samples from standard curves constructed from spiked extracts (0-3000 ng/g of each commodity tested). This method gave and overall incidence of false negatives of 5.7% and false positives of 17.8%. Average relative standard deviations, RSD(r) (repeatability) and RSD(R) (reproducibility), were 11.6 and 25.1% for spiked samples and 11.7 and 33.1% for naturally contaminated samples, respectively. Standard curves were constructed with each set of samples assayed. Comparison of absorbance values from these standard curves indicate the performance of reagents and antibody used in the assay. The ELISA method has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL as a screening method for zearalenone at greater than or equal to 800 ng/g in corn, wheat, and pig feed. C1 NEOGEN CORP,LANSING,MI 48912. RP BENNETT, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1500 EP 1509 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PW574 UT WOS:A1994PW57400020 PM 7819759 ER PT J AU COLE, RJ DORNER, JW AF COLE, RJ DORNER, JW TI EXTRACTION OF AFLATOXINS FROM NATURALLY CONTAMINATED PEANUTS WITH DIFFERENT SOLVENTS AND SOLVENT/PEANUT RATIOS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID RAW PEANUTS; METHANOL CONCENTRATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLEANUP; COLUMN AB A study was conducted to compare the extraction efficiencies of aflatoxins (B-1, B-2, G(1), and G(2)) from low, medium, and high concentrations (approximately 10, 100, and 1000 ppb, respectively) of naturally contaminated peanut samples by using different solvents and solvent-to-peanut sample ratios. Solvents used were 80:20 methanol/water at 2:1, 3:1, and 5:1 solvent to sample ratios; 60:40 methanol/water at 5:1 solvent to sample ratio; and 90:10 acetonitrile/water at 2:1 and 4:1 solvent to sample ratios. The solvents 80:20 methanol/water at a 3:1 ratio of solvent to sample and 90:10 acetonitrile/water at a 2:1 ratio were consistently more efficient than all other solvents, regardless of the aflatoxin concentration. The solvent 90:10 acetonitrile/water at a 4:1 solvent-to-sample ratio was consistently the least efficient regardless of aflatoxin concentration based on analytical results with liquid chromatography (LC). The results are relevant in selecting an appropriate extraction solvent for use at peanut grading points. RP COLE, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,1011 FORRESTER DR SE,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1509 EP 1511 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PW574 UT WOS:A1994PW57400021 PM 7819760 ER PT J AU PRICE, CG WEBB, NB SMITH, WJ MARKS, HM YOFFE, AM AF PRICE, CG WEBB, NB SMITH, WJ MARKS, HM YOFFE, AM TI COMPARISON OF MERCURY AND COPPER-BASED CATALYSTS IN THE KJELDAHL DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN IN MEAT AND MEAT-PRODUCTS - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHEESE AB A copper catalyst for use in AOAC Method 928.08, Nitrogen in Meat, Kjeldahl Method, was subjected to a collaborative study in which it was compared to the standard mercury catalyst. Nine laboratories (including one author's laboratory) performed blind duplicate determinations of the protein content of 4 samples from each of 6 products (ground beef, canned ham, smoked ham, pork sausage, cooked sausage, and dry cured ham). On the average, protein concentrations obtained with the copper catalyst were lower than those obtained with the mercury catalyst by approximately 1% of the protein content of the meat. For example, with a sample containing 15% protein, the results obtained with mercury would be expected to be 0.15% higher than those obtained with copper. This difference is within the reproducibility standard deviations of the methods. The repeatability standard deviation with copper was on the average approximately 17% larger than that obtained with mercury, but the reproducibility standard deviations for the 2 procedures were not, statistically, significantly different. The Kjeldahl method for nitrogen determination in meat and meat products using copper catalyst has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. C1 USDA,AGR MKT SERV,DIV SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP PRICE, CG (reprint author), WEBB TECH GRP INC,4320 DELTA LAKE DR,RALEIGH,NC 27612, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1542 EP 1556 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PW574 UT WOS:A1994PW57400027 ER PT J AU BAKOWSKI, RS ALI, MS WHITE, JD PHILLIPPO, ET ELLIS, RL AF BAKOWSKI, RS ALI, MS WHITE, JD PHILLIPPO, ET ELLIS, RL TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS-SPECTROMETRIC CONFIRMATION OF 10 N-METHYLCARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN LIVER SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DERIVATIVES; PESTICIDES; TISSUE; FISH AB A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) confirmation procedure for 10 phenyl-N-methyl-carbamate insecticides in liver tissue was developed. The extract from liquid chromatography (LC) is purified with a C-18 solid-phase extraction cartridge and then derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride; the derivative is injected for analysis by GC/MS with electron ionization and multiple ion monitoring. The identity of the derivative is confirmed by comparison of its retention time and relative intensity data with those of a standard. Liver extracts from the LC procedure containing carbamates at 10 ppb levels were successfully confirmed by this procedure. C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP BAKOWSKI, RS (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,EASTERN LAB,POB 6085,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1568 EP 1574 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PW574 UT WOS:A1994PW57400030 PM 7819766 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, TB WU, J DOWELL, FE HAGLER, WM GIESBRECHT, FG AF WHITAKER, TB WU, J DOWELL, FE HAGLER, WM GIESBRECHT, FG TI EFFECTS OF SAMPLE-SIZE AND SAMPLE ACCEPTANCE LEVEL ON THE NUMBER OF AFLATOXIN-CONTAMINATED FARMERS STOCK LOTS ACCEPTED AND REJECTED AT THE BUYING POINT SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Sixteen different aflatoxin sampling plan designs were evaluated using the negative-binomial distribution. Evaluations were used to predict the effects of 4 different sample sizes and 4 different sample acceptance levels on the classification of farmers' stock lots according to the lot aflatoxin concentration. The 4 sample sizes evaluated were 2.27 kg (5 lb), 4.54 kg (10 lb), 9.08 kg (20 lb), and 18.18 kg (40 lb). The 4 sample acceptance levels evaluated were 5, 50, 100, and 180 ng/g. A decrease in the sample acceptance level from 180 to 5 ng/g decreased the number of lots accepted at all lot concentrations, increased the number of lots rejected at all lot concentrations, and decreased the average aflatoxin concentrations among all lots accepted. At the highest sample acceptance level, 180 ng/g, increase in sample size from 2.27 to 18.16 kg decreased the percent of lots accepted at concentrations above the sample acceptance level and increased the percent of lots accepted at concentrations below the sample acceptance level. At the lowest sample acceptance level investigated, 5 ng/g, an increase in sample size from 2.27 to 18.16 kg decreased the percent of lots accepted at all concentrations. The effect of using sampling designs with 2 sample acceptance levels to classify lots into 3 categories was investigated. The advantages of using dual sample acceptance levels over a single sample acceptance level was demonstrated for 2.27 and 9.08 kg samples. C1 USDA,AGR MKT SERV,STAT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,MYCOTOXIN LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP WHITAKER, TB (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,CAMPUS BOX 7625,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1672 EP 1680 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PW574 UT WOS:A1994PW57400044 ER PT J AU GLENN, GM JOHNSTON, RK AF GLENN, GM JOHNSTON, RK TI WATER-VAPOR DIFFUSIVITY IN VITREOUS AND MEALY WHEAT ENDOSPERM SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PENETRATION; GRAIN AB The water vapor diffusivities of vitreous and mealy wheat endosperms were measured using diffusion cells containing wax-sealed cylinders of endosperm. The diffusion cells were incubated in a chamber that was maintained at a constant temperature and relative humidity. A water vapor gradient was created by filling each diffusion cell with desiccant. A steady-state condition was achieved within 24h. The mean diffusivities for the vitreous endosperm samples of cvs Arizona and Len were 2.0 x 10(-8) cm(2)/s. The diffusivities for mealy samples of cvs Logan and Titan were 3.5 and 9.1 x 10(-8) cm(2)/2, respectively. The liquid water diffusivities of whole caryopses were similar for five vitreous and five mealy wheat samples tested. No change was detected in the diffusion mechanism for any of the samples in the temperature range tested. The energy of activation (E) was significantly (P<0.05) higher for endosperm for cv. Len, a vitreous sample, than for cv. Titan, a mealy sample. RP GLENN, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 20 IS 3 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1994.1067 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PX580 UT WOS:A1994PX58000008 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF AF DOWD, PF TI ENHANCED MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) PERICARP BROWNING - ASSOCIATIONS WITH INSECT RESISTANCE AND INVOLVEMENT OF OXIDIZING ENZYMES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; ZEA MAYS PERICARP; INSECT RESISTANCE; PEROXIDASE; HELICOVERPA ZEA; CARPOPHILUS LUGUBRIS; PHENOLIC; FLAVONOID; HYDROXAMIC LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CELL-WALL; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS; FERULIC ACID; KOJIC ACID; PLANT; PEROXIDASE; WEEVIL AB The kernel pericarp of a maize (Zea mays L.) inbred, Mp313E, that browns rapidly at milk stage when damaged and that is resistant to Aspergillus flavus Link and the dusky sap beetle Carpophilus lugubris Murray compared to a susceptible inbred, SC212M, was examined for differing oxidizing enzymes (peroxidases) and their substrate specificity. Additional pericarp enzymes were constitutively produced by the Mp313E inbred compared to the SC212M inbred, as indicated by gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. These enzymes oxidized relevent pericarp substrates such as ferulic acid. Similar results were seen with two varieties of maize containing the Ch mutant gene, which brown upon senescence in that enhanced oxidation of ferulic acid was seen in homogenates of browned pericarp compared to that which was cold-shocked and did not brown. Corn powder that was browned by mixing oxidizing enzymes with corn pericarp components ferulic acid and coumaric acid were typically less preferred/more toxic to caterpillars such as Helicoverpa tea (Boddie) and sap beetles such as C. lugubris. Thus, enhanced browning of maize pericarp can promote resistance to insects and is at least partly influenced by the presence of oxidizing enzymes. This mechanism may also promote resistance to maize pathogens, including those that produce mycotoxins. RP DOWD, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 73 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2777 EP 2803 DI 10.1007/BF02098389 PG 27 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PW597 UT WOS:A1994PW59700003 PM 24241915 ER PT J AU JAMES, DG BARTELT, RJ FAULDER, RJ AF JAMES, DG BARTELT, RJ FAULDER, RJ TI ATTRACTION OF CARPOPHILUS SPP (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) TO SYNTHETIC AGGREGATION PHEROMONES AND HOST-RELATED COATTRACTANTS IN AUSTRALIAN STONE FRUIT ORCHARDS - BEETLE PHENOLOGY AND PHEROMONE DOSE STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARPOPHILUS HEMIPTERUS; C-MUTILATUS; C-DAVIDSONI; C-HUMERALIS; COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONES; STONE FRUIT; PHENOLOGY; DOSE ID TETRAENE HYDROCARBONS; SAP BEETLES; FIELD-TESTS; HEMIPTERUS; RESPONSES AB Synthetic aggregation pheromones of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) and Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson were field tested during a 10-month period in southern New South Wares stone fruit orchards to determine Carpophilus spp. phenology and the effect of two pheromone doses on attraction. Aggregation pheromones synergize the attraction of host volatiles to Carpophilus spp. Four major species, C. hemipterus, C. mutilatus, C. davidsoni Dobson and C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.), were trapped, with greater numbers of each species in C. hemipterus pheromone/fermenting whole-wheat bread-dough-baited traps, than in dough-only-traps. In C. mutilatus pheromone/fermenting-dough-baited traps, only C. mutilatus and C. davidsoni responded in greater numbers than to dough-only traps. Beetles first appeared in traps in late September (early spring) when daily maximum temperatures averaged 17.5 degrees C. Trappings reached a peak during October and declined to very low levels in November-December (late spring-early summer). Numbers trapped of all species increased during February-March (late summer-early autumn), presumably due to the presence of abundant host resources (ripening and fallen fruit), and continued at high levels until May (late autumn). An IS-week study demonstrated significantly greater responses by Carpophilus spp. to 5000-mu g than to 500-mu g doses of C. hemipterus and C. mutilatus pheromones. Greatest responses to 5000 mu g were recorded for C. hemipterus and C. mutilatus responding to their own pheromones (increased attraction over dough alone of 259 x and 21.2 x, respectively). Implications of the study and the potential for using synthetic aggregation pheromones for managing Carpophilus spp. populations in Australian stone fruit are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP JAMES, DG (reprint author), NSW AGR,YANCO AGR INST,YANCO,NSW 2703,AUSTRALIA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2805 EP 2819 DI 10.1007/BF02098390 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PW597 UT WOS:A1994PW59700004 PM 24241916 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ HEATH, RR MILLAR, JG DAVISHERNANDEZ, KM DUEBEN, BD WARD, KE AF LANDOLT, PJ HEATH, RR MILLAR, JG DAVISHERNANDEZ, KM DUEBEN, BD WARD, KE TI EFFECTS OF HOST-PLANT, GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L, ON SEXUAL ATTRACTION OF CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTHS, TRICHOPLUSIA-NI (HUBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CABBAGE LOOPER; TRICHOPLUSIA NI; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; PHEROMONE; KAIROMONE; ATTRACTANTS; HOST FINDING; (S)-(+)-LINALOOL ID CATALYTIC ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATION; ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS; PHEROMONE; BEHAVIOR; IDENTIFICATION; STRATEGIES; EPOXIDES AB Unmated female or male cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), were attracted more often in a flight tunnel to a cage with moths of the opposite sex and a bouquet of cotton foliage. Increased sexual attractiveness of females with plants may be a result of stimulation of pheromone release in response to plant odor, since more males were attracted when odor of cotton foliage was passed over females than when odor of females was passed over cotton foliage before venting into the flight tunnel. Increased sexual attractiveness of males with plants is due in part to host odor enhancement of female attraction to male pheromone, since more females were attracted to synthetic male pheromone (a blend of enantiomers of linalool and isomers of cresol) and a cotton leaf extract than were attracted to male pheromone alone. A short synthesis procedure was developed for (S)-(+)-linalool, the major component of the male sex pheromone, isolated from hair pencils, used in these tests. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,1700 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 26 TC 30 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2959 EP 2974 DI 10.1007/BF02098402 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PW597 UT WOS:A1994PW59700016 PM 24241928 ER PT J AU BRICKER, BJ HALLING, SM AF BRICKER, BJ HALLING, SM TI DIFFERENTIATION OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-BV-1, BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-BV-2, AND BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-BV-4, BRUCELLA-MELITENSIS, BRUCELLA-OVIS, AND BRUCELLA-SUIS-BV-1 BY PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA AMPLIFICATION; GENUS BRUCELLA; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; MILK AB Several PCR assays which identify the genus Brucella but do not discriminate among species have been reported. We describe a PCR assay that comprises five oligonucleotide primers which can identify selected biovars of four species of Brucella. Individual biovars within a species are not differentiated. The assay can identify three biovars (1, 2, and 4) of B. abortus, all three biovars of B. melitensis, biovar 1 of B. suis, and all B. ovis biovars. These biovars include all of the Brucella species typically isolated from cattle in the United States, a goal of the present research. The assay exploits the polymorphism arising from species-specific localization of the genetic element IS711 in the Brucella chromosome. Identity is determined by the size(s) of the product(s) amplified from primers hybridizing at various distances from the element. The performance of the assay with U.S. field isolates was highly effective. When 107 field isolates were screened by the described method, there was 100% agreement with the identifications made by conventional methods. Six closely related bacteria (Agrobacterium radiobacter, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhizobium meliloti, and Rhodospirillum rubrum) and two control bacteria (Bordetella bronchiseptica and Escherichia coli) tested negative by the assay. RP BRICKER, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 32 TC 264 Z9 282 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2660 EP 2666 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM495 UT WOS:A1994PM49500005 PM 7852552 ER PT J AU PADHYE, AA GODFREY, JH CHANDLER, FW PETERSON, SW AF PADHYE, AA GODFREY, JH CHANDLER, FW PETERSON, SW TI OSTEOMYELITIS CAUSED BY NEOSARTORYA-PSEUDOFISCHERI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ASPERGILLUS OSTEOMYELITIS; GRAFT AB The first case of osteomyelitis caused by Neosartorya pseudofischeri is reported. The patient, a 77-year-old male with a history of silicosis and tuberculosis, on X-ray examination revealed lytic lesions of L(2) and L(3) vertebrae suspicious for metastatic lesions. Histologic examination of biopsy specimens from vertebral bodies showed short, distorted, extra- and intracellular, hyaline hyphal fragments. The culture from the biopsy tissue produced numerous, evanescent asci containing eight ellipsoidal ascospores with two distinctive equatorial bands ca. 1 mu m, wide. When examined by a scanning electron microscope, ascospores exhibited a convex surface ornamented with raised flaps of tissue, in shape resembling triangular projections or long ridge lines. The conidial state (anamorph) was identified as Aspergillus thermomutatus on the basis of conidial columns which were smaller and less tightly packed as well as of a lighter shade of green than those observed in Aspergillus fumigatus. On the basis of the morphologic features of the ascospores, the teleomorph was identified as N. pseudofischeri. C1 N SIDE HOSP, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37601 USA. MED COLL GEORGIA, DEPT PATHOL, AUGUSTA, GA 30912 USA. US ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP PADHYE, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2832 EP 2836 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM495 UT WOS:A1994PM49500035 PM 7852580 ER PT J AU CASSE, EA RULQUIN, H HUNTINGTON, GB AF CASSE, EA RULQUIN, H HUNTINGTON, GB TI EFFECT OF MESENTERIC VEIN INFUSION OF PROPIONATE ON SPLANCHNIC METABOLISM IN PRIMIPAROUS HOLSTEIN COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LIVER; PROPIONATE; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; ENERGY-METABOLISM; LIVER; HEPATOCYTES; SHEEP; GLUCONEOGENESIS; ABSORPTION; NUTRITION AB Our objective was to assess the effects of increased propionate supply on gut and liver function in lactating cows. Four multicatheterized, primiparous cows (30.4 +/- .5 kg/d of milk) were fed for ad libitum intake a diet of 50% alfalfa hay and 50% concentrate (20.6 +/- 1.9 kg/d of DM, 226 +/- 21 MJ/d of metabolizable energy, and 611 +/- 56 g/d of N). Each cow received intramesenteric infusions of NaCl (control) or Na-propionate (150 mmol/h of a 2.5 M solution) in a reversal design. After 72 h of infusion, blood flow (by indicator dilution) and net flux (venoarterial differences multiplied by blood flow) were measured across portal-drained viscera and the liver. Energy supply from feed consumed and from infusion was similar between treatments. Energy that was excreted as milk decreased infusion. with propionate Propionate infusion increased arterial concentration of propionate; decreased absorption of acetate, butyrate, and valerate; and decreased hepatic removal of L-lactate, butyrate, valerate, NEFA, and oxygen. Propionate infusion decreased splanchnic release of glucose and increased splanchnic release of acetate and alanine. Net flux of urea, BHBA, insulin, or glucagon was unaffected by treatments. Our data show a link between a greater proportion of energy supplied as propionate and decreased energy excreted as milk. This response was associated with decreased net removal of glucogenic and ketogenic substrates by the liver and increased supply of acetate for use by peripheral tissues. C1 USDA ARS,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP CASSE, EA (reprint author), INRA,RECH VACHE LAITIERE STN,F-35590 ST GILLES,FRANCE. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 77 IS 11 BP 3296 EP 3303 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PP421 UT WOS:A1994PP42100004 PM 7814705 ER PT J AU HUSTMYER, FG BEITZ, DC GOFF, JP NONNECKE, BJ HORST, RL REINHARDT, TA AF HUSTMYER, FG BEITZ, DC GOFF, JP NONNECKE, BJ HORST, RL REINHARDT, TA TI EFFECTS OF IN-VIVO ADMINISTRATION OF 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3 ON IN-VITRO PROLIFERATION OF BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IMMUNE FUNCTION; VITAMIN-D; PARATHYROID HORMONE ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MYELOID-LEUKEMIA CELLS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; PARTURIENT PARESIS; BONE-RESORPTION; DAIRY-COWS; VITAMIN-D; 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; 1-ALPHA-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; DIFFERENTIATION AB Continuous infusion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 in the bovine elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 in plasma. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 remained elevated until infusions were discontinued. Increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 was associated with hypercalcemia (11 to 12 mg/dl) that continued for several days postinfusion. Elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin Dg also was associated with a significant 70% enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation in cells treated with concanavalin A. Cessation of infusion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 resulted in the return of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 in plasma and lymphocyte proliferative response to preinfusion amounts. Proliferation in response to pokeweed mitogen was significantly inhibited on d 3 of infusions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3. Administration of parathyroid hormone for 4 d resulted in a sustained hypercalcemia (approximate to 13 mg/dl) and a transient 1-d increase in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 in plasma. Parathyroid hormone treatment generally did not affect the response of bovine lymphocytes to mitogen. In vivo elevation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 is either moderately immunostimulating or exerts no effect on mitogen-stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes. These results contrast with the in vitro results suggesting that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 is only immunosuppressive. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,MOLEC CELLULAR & DEV BIOL PROGRAM,AMES,IA 50011. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 77 IS 11 BP 3324 EP 3330 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PP421 UT WOS:A1994PP42100007 PM 7814708 ER PT J AU BROWN, SL CHANEY, RL ANGLE, JS BAKER, AJM AF BROWN, SL CHANEY, RL ANGLE, JS BAKER, AJM TI PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF THLASPI-CAERULESCENS AND BLADDER CAMPION FOR ZINC-CONTAMINATED AND CADMIUM-CONTAMINATED SOIL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METALS; TOLERANCE; COPPER; PHYTOCHELATINS; SOLUBILITY; SERPENTINE; MANGANESE; PLANTS; COBALT; LEAD AB Metal-tolerant hyperaccumulator plants may be useful to phyto-remediate contaminated soils. To evaluate agronomic management practices to maximize phytoremediation, two metallophytes, Thlaspi caerulescens J. and C. Presl (Zn hyperaccumulator) and bladder campion [Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke L.] (an indicator) were compared to 'Rutgers' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in a pot study to assess Zn and Cd uptake patterns in relation to soil pH. Soils used for the study were gathered at three different sites in the vicinity of an old Zn smelter in Palmerton, PA, and contained 48 000, 4100, and 2100 mg kg(-1) Zn and 1020, 37.4, and 35.2 mg kg(-1) Cd, respectively . Each soil was adjusted to three pH levels ranging from 5.06 to 7.04. Thlaspi caerulescens showed much greater tolerance to the metals than the other plants (up to 18 455 mg kg(-1) Zn and 1020 mg kg(-1) Cd dry shoots without yield reduction) with metal stress apparent only in the low pH treatments of the two most contaminated soils. In all treatments except for the farm soil (least contaminated) at pH 5.06, T. caerulescens had higher concentrations of both Zn and Cd than bladder campion and tomato. Thlaspi caerulescens was also more effective at translocating both Zn and Cd from soil to plant shoots. A variety of soil extractions were used to evaluate the correlation of shoot metal concentrations with quantitative measures of ''available'' soil metals. Concentrations of Cd measured in several common extractants (DTPA, water, 0.01 M Ca(NO3)(2), and 1.0 M NH4NO3) were significantly correlated with Cd concentrations in tissue of each plant. Shoot Zn concentrations of bladder campion and tomato were significantly correlated with Zn extracted by the neutral salt extractants for all soils. For T. caerulescens, the neutral salt extractable Zn was significantly correlated with shoot Zn only in the two more contaminated soils. No extractant predicted shoot Zn concentration for T. caerulescens in the least contaminated soil. C1 USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT ANIM & PLANT SCI,SHEFFIELD S10 2UQ,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. RP BROWN, SL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 36 TC 286 Z9 347 U1 5 U2 56 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1157 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR003 UT WOS:A1994PR00300003 ER PT J AU HEAGLE, AS BRANDENBURG, RL BURNS, JC MILLER, JE AF HEAGLE, AS BRANDENBURG, RL BURNS, JC MILLER, JE TI OZONE AND CARBON-DIOXIDE EFFECTS ON SPIDER-MITES IN WHITE CLOVER AND PEANUT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; TOP FIELD CHAMBERS; BEETLE EPILACHNA-VARIVESTIS; ALTERED FEEDING PREFERENCE; HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; APHID INFESTATION; INSECT HERBIVORE; HOST PLANTS; GROWTH; RESPONSES AB Effects of O-3 and/or elevated CO2 on two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) grown on an On-sensitive and an O-3-resistant clone of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were measured in greenhouse and field experiments. Peanut (Arachis hypogeae L.) 'NC-9' was used in one greenhouse study with O-3. In field studies, O-3 treatments were charcoal filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), and two NF treatments with On added for 12 h d(-1) at proportions of approximate to 1.25 and 1.50 times the ambient O-3 concentration. In greenhouse studies, constant amounts of O-3 were added to CF for 6 h d(-1) to achieve mean concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 nL L(-1). For the greenhouse O-3 X CO2 experiment, CO2 concentrations were ambient and approximately twice-ambient for 24 h d(-1). Plants were exposed to O-3 and/or CO2 for approximate to 7 d before infestation with mites; daily exposures continued for 14 to 28 d to allow reproduction for at least two generations. Leaves were sampled to count eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults. Ozone caused more chlorosis and necrosis on the O-3-sensitive clover clone (NC-S) than on the Oa-resistant clone (NC-R). Carbon dioxide enrichment increased shoot growth of both clones by approximate to 33%. Statistical analyses indicated significant O-3 effects in some experiments and nonsignificant O-3 effects in others. A trend toward increased mite populations with increased O-3 occurred, however, on NC-S in all trials. No consistent trends occurred with NC-R. With peanut, a significant linear increase in mite population occurred with increased O-3. Carbon dioxide enrichment increased the rate of population increase on both clover clones, but more so on NC-R. At 22 to 28 d after infestation, the total population in the twice-ambient CO2 treatment was 65% greater than in the ambient treatment for NC-R and 22% greater than in the ambient treatment for NC-S. There were no statistically significant interactive effects between CO2 and O-3 On mite population growth. The apparent clone effects on mite population response to O-3 and CO2 strongly suggest that responses were mediated through the host plants. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HEAGLE, AS (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1168 EP 1176 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR003 UT WOS:A1994PR00300005 ER PT J AU DUBEY, T STEPHENSON, SL EDWARDS, PJ AF DUBEY, T STEPHENSON, SL EDWARDS, PJ TI EFFECT OF PH ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE OF AQUATIC FUNGI IN 6 WEST-VIRGINIA MOUNTAIN STREAMS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HYPHOMYCETE SPORA; LEAF LITTER; RIVER TEIGN; LEAVES; COLONIZATION; DEGRADATION; COMMUNITIES; PALATABILITY AB Aquatic fungi in six streams located on or near the Fernow Experimental Forest in Tucker County, West Virginia, were studied during the 1991 and 1992 growing seasons. Water pH was > 5.9 in three of the streams, while the others were more acidic, with average pH = 4.2, 3.9, and 3.2. Sampling methods included (i) isolating conidia from stream water using membrane filtration, (ii) placing bags containing leaves of four tree species in the streams for periods ranging from 2 to 16 wk, and (iii) baiting the streams with various types of other organic material. The stream mycoflora included 156 taxa (47 zoosporic fungi [chytridiaceous fungi and water molds] and 109 hyphomycetes [60 Ingoldian and 49 non-Ingoldian forms]). Twenty-seven taxa of zoosporic fungi were recorded from the stream with the highest pH (7.9); only 15 to 18 taxa were collected from other streams. Based on conidia filtered from water samples, the number of taxa of hyphomycetes generally was lower in streams with low pH; however, fewest conidia were recorded at the two extremes of the pH gradient. Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) leaves were colonized by an average of 16.0 hyphomycete taxa in the six streams, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) by 15.3 taxa, and mixed red maple (A. rubrum L.), and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) by 15.2 taxa. For all three types of leaves, more taxa generally were present in the less acidic streams and fewer in the more acidic streams. C1 FAIRMONT STATE COLL,DEPT BIOL,FAIRMONT,WV 26554. US FOREST SERV,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,PARSONS,WV 26287. RP DUBEY, T (reprint author), NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,DE KALB,IL 60115, USA. NR 66 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1271 EP 1279 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR003 UT WOS:A1994PR00300020 ER PT J AU SHIPITALO, MJ EDWARDS, WM REDMOND, CE AF SHIPITALO, MJ EDWARDS, WM REDMOND, CE TI COMPARISON OF WATER-MOVEMENT AND QUALITY IN EARTHWORM BURROWS AND PAN LYSIMETERS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL SOIL; INFILTRATION; CORN; MACROPORES; TRANSPORT; CHEMICALS; ATRAZINE; CHANNELS; NITRATE; RESIDUE AB Although a number of investigators have suggested that earthworm burrows can affect water movement and quality, Little attempt has been made to directly measure their effect in the field. Using individual samplers, we monitored flow in Lumbricus terrestris L. burrows for 11 mo in adjacent no-till and conventionally tilled watersheds used for the continuous production of corn (Zea mays L.). Tension-free pan lysimeters were used to assess the composition and amount of bulk subsurface how in each watershed and SrBr2.6H(2)O tracer was broadcast on a 25-m(2) area surrounding the samplers. In both watersheds the earthworm burrows functioned as preferential flow paths collecting more water, NO3-N, Br, NH4-N, and Sr than an equivalent area of soil overlying the pan lysimeters. Transport through the bulk soil was less in the tilled than in the no-till watershed, and the burrows in the tilled watershed were less effective flow paths than those in the no-till watershed, apparently due to disruption by tillage. Based on an estimated 1.6 million burrows (greater than or equal to 5-mm diam.) per hectare, the amount of water, NO3-N, Br, and Sr transported in these macropores was small, representing < 5% of the totals measured using pan lysimeters. Data from burrow samplers and pan lysimeters installed in five farmer-owned, no-till fields under different soils and production practices supported the results obtained in the no-till experimental watershed. C1 USDA,SCS,MT VERNON,OH 43050. RP SHIPITALO, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXP WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1345 EP 1351 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR003 UT WOS:A1994PR00300030 ER PT J AU ESTIARTE, M PENUELAS, J KIMBALL, BA IDSO, SB LAMORTE, RL PINTER, PJ WALL, GW GARCIA, RL AF ESTIARTE, M PENUELAS, J KIMBALL, BA IDSO, SB LAMORTE, RL PINTER, PJ WALL, GW GARCIA, RL TI ELEVATED CO2 EFFECTS ON STOMATAL DENSITY OF WHEAT AND SOUR ORANGE TREES SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Note DE TRITICUM AESTIVUM; CITRUS AURANTIUM; STOMATAL DENSITY; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ID ENRICHMENT; GROWTH; ANATOMY AB No significant differences were found in stomatal densities or stomatal indices of wheat or sour orange trees grown at high CO2 concentrations in two different CO2 enrichment systems (Free-Air CO2 enrichment for wheat and Open-Top Chambers for orange trees). These results are in accordance with most of the previous results obtained in short-term experimental studies which suggest that plants do not acclimate to increasing CO2 concentration by changing stomatal density within a single generation. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,FAC CIENCIES,CREAF,E-08193 BARCELONA,SPAIN. UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,FAC CIENCIES,CTR REFERENCIA ESTUDIS AMBIENTALS,E-08193 BARCELONA,SPAIN. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RI Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011; Estiarte, Marc/G-2001-2016 OI Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150; Estiarte, Marc/0000-0003-1176-8480 NR 22 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 45 IS 280 BP 1665 EP 1668 DI 10.1093/jxb/45.11.1665 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PW349 UT WOS:A1994PW34900019 ER PT J AU DICKSON, JS CUTTER, CGN SIRAGUSA, GR AF DICKSON, JS CUTTER, CGN SIRAGUSA, GR TI ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE AGAINST BACTERIA ATTACHED TO BEEF TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE PATHOGENS; BEEF; SANITIZING; TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE ID SALMONELLA; SURFACES; MEAT AB Sliced beef tissue was artificially contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The contaminated tissue was immersed in 8, 10 and 12% solutions of trisodium phosphate at 25, 40 and 55 degrees C with contact times of up to 3 min. The concentration of the trisodium phosphate solution was not a significant factor in reducing the populations of the bacteria on either lean or adipose tissue. Reductions in bacterial populations of 1 to 1.5 log(10) cycles were obtained on lean tissue contaminated with the gram-negative pathogens, although less reduction in population was seen with L. monocytogenes. Greater reductions in bacterial populations were observed on adipose tissue, with maximum reductions of 2 to 2.5 log(10) cycles and 1 to 1.5 log(10) cycles for the gram-negative and the gram-positive pathogens, respectively. Typically greater reductions in bacterial populations were seen as the temperature of the trisodium phosphate solution increased. Surface beef carcass tissue was inoculated with E. coli ATCC 25922 and sanitized with 8% trisodium phosphate using a model carcass washing system. Population reductions with the carcass washer and lean tissue were comparable to those observed in the laboratory with E. coli O157:H7. However, greater reductions were observed on adipose tissue from the model system, suggesting that the physical washing procedure may have contributed to the reduction in the bacterial population. RP DICKSON, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 11 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 57 IS 11 BP 952 EP 955 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA PW322 UT WOS:A1994PW32200001 ER PT J AU TRUONG, VD WALTER, WM AF TRUONG, VD WALTER, WM TI PHYSICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF SWEET-POTATO PUREE TEXTURIZED WITH CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SWEET-POTATO; RESTRUCTURED TUBERS; GELATION; ELASTIC RIGIDITY CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES ID SWEET-POTATOES; GELATINIZATION; STARCH; MICROSTRUCTURE; WHEAT AB We evaluated the physical and sensory characteristics of restructured sweetpotato puree texturized with methylcellulose (MC) or methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC). Samples were studied by instrumental texture profile (TPA), dynamic rheometric and sensory analyses, and scanning electron microscopy. Gelation of the gum-puree mixtures gave maximal values of the storage modulus (G') at 60-70 degrees C. The TPA curves measured at 60 degrees C for the 0.50% MC or MHPC sample were similar to those of baked sweet potatoes (control). A texture profile panel rated the 60 degrees C samples of the 0.25-0.50% MC or MHPC product as nearly equal to baked roots for several texture notes. An untrained acceptability panel scored the 0.25% MC and MHPC samples significantly higher in flavor and overall acceptability than baked roots. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP TRUONG, VD (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1175 EP 1180 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb14670.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PY277 UT WOS:A1994PY27700008 ER PT J AU FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L KOHOUT, KM THAYER, DW AF FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L KOHOUT, KM THAYER, DW TI WATER CONCENTRATION/ACTIVITY AND LOSS OF VITAMIN-B-1 AND VITAMIN-E IN PORK DUE TO GAMMA-RADIATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE THIAMIN; TOCOPHEROL; WATER ACTIVITY; PORK; GAMMA RADIATION ID CHICKEN; IRRADIATION; THIAMIN; MUSCLE AB When irradiated, increasing the water content of pork by partial rehydration of freeze-dried L. dorsi muscle resulted in increasing rate of thiamin loss from zero in dry tissue to ca 6%/kGy of irradiation in tissue with 70% water. Conversely, the rate of loss of alpha-tocopherol decreased, from 44%/kGy at 0% to 32%/kGy at 70% water. Decreasing water activity in buffers or in ground or freeze-dried pork by salt or sucrose had no effect on rate of loss of either vitamin following irradiation. Salt decreased the loss of both vitamins in pork due to competition for the hydroxyl radical by chloride ions. RP FOX, JB (reprint author), USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1291 EP 1295 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb14698.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PY277 UT WOS:A1994PY27700036 ER PT J AU BERISFORD, CW EAGER, TJ ALLEN, DC AF BERISFORD, CW EAGER, TJ ALLEN, DC TI MEETING TOMORROWS CHALLENGES IN FOREST ENTOMOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID TREES AB Managing forest insect problems in the future will be both exciting and frustrating. Control strategies will need to address a variety of interests, from perpetuating old-growth to protecting large, intensively managed investments. Similarly, managers will have to adapt to widely divergent management goals, ranging from producing wood fiber to maintaining biodiversity and protecting endangered species (Behan 1990). In most regions foresters will be required not only to manage ''traditional'' insect problems but also exotic pests that have been introduced as a result of expanded foreign trade in forest products. Complicating the manager's job still further is the need to address public concerns, which have in part led to constraints on traditional pest control methods. The development of new tools and methods may force changes in management objectives and methodologies. C1 US FOREST SERV,GUNNISON SERV CTR,GUNNISON,CO. SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP BERISFORD, CW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 92 IS 11 BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PP899 UT WOS:A1994PP89900010 ER PT J AU MUTCH, RW AF MUTCH, RW TI FIGHTING FIRE WITH PRESCRIBED FIRE - A RETURN TO ECOSYSTEM HEALTH SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB Forests in many parts of the United States have been struck by a health problem of unprecedented proportion. Those on the east side of the Cascades in Washington and Oregon are hardest hit, but similar conditions extend across Montana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Altered frequencies of fire, prolonged drought, and epidemic levels of insects and disease have coincided to produce extensive forest mortality. RP MUTCH, RW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 8 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 92 IS 11 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PP899 UT WOS:A1994PP89900016 ER PT J AU NELSON, CD KUBISIAK, TL STINE, M NANCE, WL AF NELSON, CD KUBISIAK, TL STINE, M NANCE, WL TI A GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP OF LONGLEAF PINE (PINUS-PALUSTRIS MILL) BASED ON RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNAS SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BREEDING PROGRAMS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; TOMATO; MARKERS; PCR; INTROGRESSION AB Eight megagametophyte DNA samples from a single longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) tree were used to screen 576 oligonucleotide primers for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments. Primers amplifying repeatable polymorphic fragments were further characterized within a sample of 72 megagametophytes from the same tree. Fragments segregating in a 1:1, present-to-absent, ratio were classified as Mendelian markers and mapped using multipoint linkage analysis. The analysis revealed 16 linkage groups of at least three markers, ranging in size from 21.1 to 185.6 cM, and six linked pairs (5.5 to 23.0 cM) of markers. The 22 groups and pairs included 133 RAPD markers and covered approximately 1,635 cM of genetic map distance. Genome size estimates, based on the linkage data, ranged from 2,612 to 2,656 cM. Using a 30-cM map scale and including the 11 unlinked markers and the ends of the 16 linkage groups and six linked pairs, the set of RAPD markers accounts for approximately 2,265 cM, or 85% of the genome. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP NELSON, CD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO INST FOREST GENET,SO FOREST EXPT STN,1925 34TH ST,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 58 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 85 IS 6 BP 433 EP 439 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PW576 UT WOS:A1994PW57600003 ER PT J AU OBENLAND, DM AUNG, LH RIJ, RE AF OBENLAND, DM AUNG, LH RIJ, RE TI TIMING AND CONTROL OF METHANETHIOL EMISSION FROM BROCCOLI FLORETS INDUCED BY ATMOSPHERIC MODIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STORAGE AB Storage of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group) under conditions of low O-2 concentration extends its shelf life. Excessively low O-2, however, leads to the formation of an offensive odour which is primarily due to the emission of methanethiol. In this study, we investigated the initial induction and control of methanethiol production of broccoli florets exposed to various levels of O-2 and CO2 over short-term periods of 10 h or less. Lowering the O-2 concentration surrounding the broccoli florets by continuously flowing N-2 through the sample containers acted to initiate the production of methanethiol within 1 h after the 0(2) concentration had reached 0.5 %. After initiation the rate of production showed a slow but steady increase during the 10 h of experimentation. In contrast, introduction of O-2 into the sample containers while the broccoli florets were actively producing methanethiol led to a rapid 79% drop in the amount of methanethiol detected within 15 min, followed by a complete absence of methanethiol within another 15 min. Resumption of N-2 flow acted to reinitiate methanethiol production, with the initiation requiring a lesser amount of time than that required for the initial induction of methanethiol production. Experiments with elevated CO2 concentrations of up to 26.5% determined that CO2 is an inhibitor of methanethiol production. RP OBENLAND, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN24 8HH SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI JI J. Horticult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1065 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PT219 UT WOS:A1994PT21900014 ER PT J AU CURRY, EA AF CURRY, EA TI PREHARVEST APPLICATIONS OF ETHEPHON REDUCE SUPERFICIAL SCALD OF FUJI AND GRANNY-SMITH APPLES IN STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB In 1989 and 1990, preharvest applications of 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon) at dosages from 50-400; mg l(-1) were applied to 'Fuji' and 'Granny Smith' apples. In 1989, the greatest reduction in scald after storage on both 'Fuji' and 'Granny Smith', relative to the untreated control resulted from applying 400 mg l(-1) ethephon five weeks before harvest and was 45% and 55% of controls, respectively. On 'Granny Smith' 400 mg l(-1) was also effective when applied three weeks before harvest. In 1990, preharvest applications of ethephon at either 200 or 400 mg l(-1) reduced scald in both cultivars relative to the controls. Ethephon applied six weeks before harvest had no dosage effect on scald reduction after storage. There was no consistent effect on fruit maturity at harvest from any treatment in either year, and no effect on quality of fruit out of storage. RP CURRY, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN24 8HH SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI JI J. Horticult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1111 EP 1116 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PT219 UT WOS:A1994PT21900021 ER PT J AU BAE, DH GEORGAKAKOS, KP AF BAE, DH GEORGAKAKOS, KP TI CLIMATIC VARIABILITY OF SOIL-WATER IN THE AMERICAN MIDWEST .1. HYDROLOGIC MODELING SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB A conceptual hydrologic rainfall-runoff model that is an adaptation of the operational US National Weather Service hydrologic model is used to simulate the hydrologic processes in large basins of the US upper Mississippi region. In particular, the conceptual rainfall-runoff model is used to produce daily streamflow from daily rainfall, temperature and potential evapotranspiration input over three neighboring headwater basins that span 2 degrees longitude by 2 degrees latitude. When used for simulation of historical flows, the model provides a means of inference of the 40 year time series of unrecorded mesoscale soil water and actual evapotranspiration for climate studies. In this paper we discuss issues associated with parameter estimation, the reliability and stability of parameter estimates, and the interpretation of soil water estimates. It is concluded that the conceptual hydrologic model may be used to estimate the variability of aggregate soil water over large areas of the Midwestern US provided that: (a) all significant basin inflows and outflows are accounted for; (b) model verification yields good agreement between observed and simulated flows on a daily basis. Parameter sensitivity studies showed that estimating the soil's capacity to hold water is most important for flood event prediction and flow simulation, and, for such parameters, underestimation is more critical than overestimation. Also, uncertainty associated with the parametrization of evapotranspiration may introduce local errors in the time series of soil water estimates produced by the model. In a companion paper we present a spatio-temporal analysis of the estimated time series of soil water. C1 HYDROL RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92130. USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 162 IS 3-4 BP 355 EP 377 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90236-4 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA PM925 UT WOS:A1994PM92500008 ER PT J AU GEORGAKAKOS, KP BAE, DH AF GEORGAKAKOS, KP BAE, DH TI CLIMATIC VARIABILITY OF SOIL-WATER IN THE AMERICAN MIDWEST .2. SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIVER AB A study of the model-estimated soil water, aggregated over three large drainage basins of the Midwestern USA, is reported. The basin areas are in the range from 2000 km(2) to 3500 km(2), and allow the study of mesoscale (1000-10 000 km(2)) soil water features. In each case, a conceptual hydrologic model was used to produce upper and lower soil water estimates that are consistent with the atmospheric forcing of daily precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and air temperature, and with the observed daily streamflow divergence over a 40 year period. It is shown that the water contents of the upper and lower soil reach peaks in different months, with the soil column being most saturated in June, when the area is prone to serious flooding. Temporal and spatial features of the variability of model-estimated soil water content are identified. The autocorrelation function of monthly averaged soil water shows that the upper soil water remains persistent for about a season, whereas the persistence of the lower soil water extends to several seasons. The soil water estimates of the three study basins exhibit strong similarities in annual cycles and interannual variability. It is shown that the frequency of significant positive (wet) soil water anomalies that extend over a 2 degrees x 2 degrees region is lower than that of significant negative (dry) ones of the same extent in this region of the USA. C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP GEORGAKAKOS, KP (reprint author), HYDROL RES CTR,12780 HIGH BLUFF DR,SUITE 260,SAN DIEGO,CA 92130, USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 162 IS 3-4 BP 379 EP 390 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90237-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA PM925 UT WOS:A1994PM92500009 ER PT J AU KANESHIRO, T HUANG, JK WEISLEDER, D BAGBY, MO AF KANESHIRO, T HUANG, JK WEISLEDER, D BAGBY, MO TI 10(R)-HYDROXYSTEARIC ACID PRODUCTION BY A NOVEL MICROBE, NRRL B-14797, ISOLATED FROM COMPOST SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 10(R)-HYDROXYSTEARIC ACID; NOVEL MICROBE NRRL B-14797; OLEIC ACID BIOCONVERSIONS; SOAPSTOCK ID OLEIC-ACID; CONVERSION AB A bacterium, NRRL B-14797, isolated from composted manure, converted oleic acid exclusively to 10(R)-hydroxystearic acid in 3-day batch cultures. 9(Z)-Unsaturated fatty acids in a lipid extract from soybean soapstock were also hydrated effectively. Aerobic bioconversions by isolate B-14797 were compared with those by Pseudomonas B-2994 and Nocardia 5767, which produce mixtures of 10-hydroxy- and 10-ketostearic acids. The results of studies with resting cells and cell-free extracts were consistent with action of a hydratase and absence of secondary alcohol dehydrogenase in strain B-14797. C1 WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MACOMB,IL 61455. RP KANESHIRO, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 13 IS 6 BP 351 EP 355 DI 10.1007/BF01577218 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PY266 UT WOS:A1994PY26600003 ER PT J AU LOEB, MJ KOCHANSKY, J WAGNER, RM BELL, RA AF LOEB, MJ KOCHANSKY, J WAGNER, RM BELL, RA TI TRANSDUCTION OF THE SIGNAL INITIATED BY THE NEUROPEPTIDE, TESTIS ECDYSIOTROPIN, IN TESTES OF THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CELL SIGNALING; G-PROTEIN; 2ND-MESSENGERS; TESTES; LYMANTRIA ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; TOBACCO BUDWORM; ALPHA-SUBUNITS; PROTEINS; SECRETION; ECDYSTEROIDS; SHEATHS; INVITRO AB Testes of Lymantria dispar synthesize immunologically detectable ecdysteroid in vitro. Early last instar larval testes can be induced to produce ecdysteroid de novo by means of the brain peptide, testis ecdysiotropin (TE), although testes excised in mid pupal stage synthesize ecdysteroid without TE stimulus in vitro; they can be boosted to higher levels of synthesis with TE. By use of agents H-7 and H-8, inhibitors of phosphokinases C (PKC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), respectively, we have confirmed previous data indicating that diacyl glycerol and its effector, PKC, are second messengers for the TE message. In larval testes, but not pupal testes, cAMP and PKA also regulate ecdysteroid synthesis. Data obtained from incubation of testes with analogs of GTP (GTP gamma S) and GDP (GDP beta S) and the ribosylating agents, pertussis and cholera toxins, indicate that TE is transduced via inhibiting G protein (G(i)) in larval testes, although both G(i) and stimulating G protein (G(s)) influence ecdysteroid synthesis in pupal testes. Synthesis must be further modulated by feedback loops operating with G(s) and G(i) controlled factors in testes exposed to TE. Ecdysteroid synthesis appears to be constitutive in pupal testes in the absence of exogenous TE. RP LOEB, MJ (reprint author), USDA,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 40 IS 11 BP 939 EP 946 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(94)90132-5 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA PT235 UT WOS:A1994PT23500003 ER PT J AU THYAGARAJA, BS RAINA, AK AF THYAGARAJA, BS RAINA, AK TI REGULATION OF PHEROMONE PRODUCTION IN THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR, AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN-VIVO BIOASSAY SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; GYPSY MOTH; LYMANTRIA DISPAR; SEX PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; PBAN; NEUROPEPTIDES ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; CORN-EARWORM MOTH; SEX-PHEROMONE; CORPORA CARDIACA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; BRAIN HORMONE; BOMBYX-MORI; RELEASE; NEUROHORMONE; BEHAVIOR AB Production of sex pheromone in females of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is regulated primarily by a pheromonotropic factor originating in the head. Decapitation of a female caused depletion of pheromone in the pheromone gland; however, in contrast with several other species of moths, biosynthesis could not be reinitiated by injection of brain-suboesophageal ganglion homogenates or synthetic pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). Severing the ventral nerve cord (VNC) in the abdominal region of females caused termination of pheromone production, While PBAN was inactive in decapitated females, if the VNC was also transected, PBAN injection resulted in significant pheromone production. Moreover, delivery of PBAN directly to tie posterior cut-end of VNC, injection of PBAN into the terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG), or electrical stimulation of TAG, resulted in significant pheromone production. Together, these results suggest that in this species, the pheromonotropic factor travelling via the VNC is an important regulator of pheromone production. However, the pheromonotropic response was very high only if VNC posterior to the thoracic ganglia was severed before injection of PBAN into the TAG or electrical stimulation of TAG. The latter result indicates that an inhibitory factor may be present in the thoracic ganglia. Administration of pheromonotropic factors to the posterior cut-end of VNC can be used as a bioassay for the gypsy moth and possibly for other species in which these factors are transported via the VNC. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 40 IS 11 BP 969 EP 974 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(94)90135-X PG 6 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA PT235 UT WOS:A1994PT23500006 ER PT J AU GARCIA, JJ BECNEL, JJ AF GARCIA, JJ BECNEL, JJ TI 8 NEW SPECIES OF MICROSPORIDIA (MICROSPORA) FROM ARGENTINE MOSQUITOS (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TAXONOMY; ULTRASTRUCTURE; SPORE MORPHOLOGY ID HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; LIFE-CYCLE; ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS; AMBLYOSPORA-INDICOLA; CULEX-ANNULIROSTRIS; HOST SPECIFICITY; AEDES-CANTATOR; COPEPOD HOST; SP-NOV; INTERMEDIATE AB Seven new species of Amblyospora and one of Paratheolohania are described from larvae of neotropical mosquitoes: Aedes albifasciatus, Aedes crinifer, Anopheles evansae, Culex dolosus, Culex tramazayguesi, Mansonia indubitans, Psorophora ferox, and Uranotaenia nataliae. This is the first formal description of microsporidia from mosquitoes in Argentina and the first report of an Amblyospora sp. from the genus Uranotaenia. New species were distinguished on the basis of meiospore morphology and presumed host specificity. The proposed new species are Amblyospora albifasciati n. sp., Amblyospora criniferis n. sp., Amblyospora dolosi n. sp., Amblyospora ferocis n. sp., Amblyospora indubitantis n. sp., Amblyospora nataliae n. sp., Amblyospora tramazayguesi n. sp., and Parathelohania evansae n. sp. A complete list of all of the described species of Parathelohania from mosquitoes is given. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CEPAVE,RA-1900 LA PLATA,ARGENTINA. RP GARCIA, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT AGR,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 64 IS 3 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(94)90350-6 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PT752 UT WOS:A1994PT75200014 ER PT J AU VEGA, FE DOWD, PF NELSEN, TC AF VEGA, FE DOWD, PF NELSEN, TC TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DRIEDFRUIT BEETLES (CARPOPHILUS-HEMIPTERUS L COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) TO DIFFERENT STEINERNEMA SPECIES (NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA, STEINERNEMATIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ORLANDO,FL 32803. USDA ARS,BIOSTATISTICIAN NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,ORLANDO,FL 32803. OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 64 IS 3 BP 276 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(94)90500-2 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PT752 UT WOS:A1994PT75200020 ER PT J AU CLEMMENS, AJ SLOAN, G SCHUURMANS, J AF CLEMMENS, AJ SLOAN, G SCHUURMANS, J TI CANAL-CONTROL NEEDS - EXAMPLE SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATION AB The operation of a new irrigation canal system in central Arizona is described. Water is relatively expensive, and thus farmers pressure the irrigation district to improve delivery service and keep water losses to a minimum. The system was designed and constructed to function with supervisory (remote-manual) control, with the potential for automatic (remote-computer) control. Experiences with hardware and software difficulties are described. While water control and delivery service are currently very good, further improvements through automation are possible. Real-world operating conditions are described that are somewhat different from the assumptions made for the development of canal-control algorithms. Field data collection and canal-now computer simulation were used to develop a test case for developers of automatic control algorithms. A set of canal-control performance measures is suggested. For the conditions studied, upstream manual control performed better than a simple local downstream controller. C1 MARICOPA STANFIELD IRRIGAT & DRAIN DIST,STANFIELD,AZ 85272. DELFT UNIV TECHNOL,FAC CIVIL ENGN,CTR OPERAT WATER MGMT,2600 GA DELFT,NETHERLANDS. RP CLEMMENS, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 120 IS 6 BP 1067 EP 1085 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1994)120:6(1067) PG 19 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA PT790 UT WOS:A1994PT79000005 ER PT J AU ABT, SR CLARY, WP THORNTON, CI AF ABT, SR CLARY, WP THORNTON, CI TI SEDIMENT DEPOSITION AND ENTRAPMENT IN VEGETATED STREAMBEDS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB One aspect of the riparian-stream ecosystem, which is imperative for the restoration or reestablishment of a streambank and streambed that has been disrupted, is the ability of the stream system to entrap and retain sediment. Sediment deposition in a degraded stream system is essential to the natural rebuilding of channel morphology. Although it is recognized that herbaceous vegetation enhances sediment deposition. a quantitative: measure of entrapment has not been developed. Furthermore, once sediment has been deposited or entrapped, a measure of sediment retention during flushing has not been identified. A meandering stream was physically simulated in the laboratory. A series of 29 tests was conducted to evaluate the sediment deposition and entrapment potential of Kentucky bluegrass when placed in the streambed. Sediment was injected into the stream for 6 h and then subjected to sediment-free flushing flows. The maximum amount of sediment deposition and the amount of sediment retained after flushing was documented. The results indicate that the presence of vegetation significantly enhances not only the deposition, but also the entrainment/entrapment of sediment on the vegetative bases. The amount of sediment entrapped is a function of the flow and vegetation blade length. It was determined that the vegetation could retain from 30-70% of the deposited sediments. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,BOISE,ID 83702. RP ABT, SR (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,ENGN RES CTR,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 120 IS 6 BP 1098 EP 1111 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1994)120:6(1098) PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA PT790 UT WOS:A1994PT79000007 ER PT J AU LOPEZMIRANDA, J ORDOVAS, JM MATA, P LICHTENSTEIN, AH CLEVIDENCE, B JUDD, JT SCHAEFER, EJ AF LOPEZMIRANDA, J ORDOVAS, JM MATA, P LICHTENSTEIN, AH CLEVIDENCE, B JUDD, JT SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECT OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-E PHENOTYPE ON DIET-INDUCED LOWERING OF PLASMA LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE APOLIPOPROTEIN E; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; DIET; LOW FAT DIETS; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS ID E POLYMORPHISM; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; FAT; LIPIDS; METABOLISM; PROTEIN; GENE; MEN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; VARIABILITY AB The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) has recommended that dietary total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake be reduced to less than or equal to 30% of calories, < 10% of calories, and < 300 mg/day, respectively (Step 1 diet) in the general population to reduce plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and heart disease risk. We examined the LDL cholesterol-lowering response to such a diet (26% fat, 8% saturated fat, and 201 mg/day of cholesterol) as compared to an average American diet (39% fat, 15% saturated fat, and 435 mg/day of cholesterol) in 128 subjects using diet periods of 4-24 weeks for each diet phase. The mean LDL cholesterol reduction was 15% in males(n = 83) and 8% in post-menopausal females (n = 45). The effect of apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotype on responsiveness was examined. LDL cholesterol lowering in males was 14% for 60 apoE3/3 subjects, 23% for 10 apoE3/4 subjects, and 16% for 13 apoE3/2 subjects. Male apoE3/4 subjects had a significantly greater LDL cholesterol reduction (P = 0.006) and a greater decrease in the LDL/HDL ratio (P = 0.047) than apoE3/3 subjects. In females, 7% lowering in LDL cholesterol was observed in 34 apoE3/3 subjects and 11% lowering was observed in 7 apoE3/4 subjects (P = 0.12). A meta-analysis of data from published studies supports this conclusion. These data indicate that apoE phenotype modulates the LDL cholesterol-lowering response to a diet meeting NCEP Step 1 criteria, and that male subjects carrying the apoE4 allele are more responsive than other subjects. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326] NR 52 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1965 EP 1975 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PR230 UT WOS:A1994PR23000007 PM 7868975 ER PT J AU PICKENS, LG JAWORSKI, J KOVAC, B MILLS, GD AF PICKENS, LG JAWORSKI, J KOVAC, B MILLS, GD TI TRAPS AND BAITS FOR FLIES (DIPTERA) ON PACIFIC ISLANDS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRAPS; BAITS; FLIES AB Studies conducted on Oahu, HI, and on islands of the Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands, demonstrated that adult house flies, Musca domestica L., were attracted to a mixture of cooked rice and chicken and to a commercial bait, whereas adults of Chrysomya megacephala F. and Musca sorbens Wiedemann were attracted to shark fluids or to ripe breadfruit. M. domestica and M. sorbens could be captured in standard inverted-cone traps, whereas C. megacephala could be captured in traps fitted with horizontal entry cones or in cone traps in which the bait was placed inside the cone chamber. M. sorbens and C. megacephala were killed by horizontal electric grids placed over yellow plastic or paper at ground level. M. sorbens was attracted to 15-cm cubes, but not to larger objects. C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,PREVENT MED SERV,HONOLULU,HI 96859. RP PICKENS, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 31 IS 6 BP 828 EP 832 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP733 UT WOS:A1994PP73300004 PM 7815393 ER PT J AU DELEON, AAP LLOYD, JE TABACHNICK, WJ AF DELEON, AAP LLOYD, JE TABACHNICK, WJ TI SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGE OF THE SALIVARY-GLANDS IN ADULT CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; SALIVARY GLANDS; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM ID AEDES-AEGYPTI L; VECTOR MOSQUITO; ARTHROPODS; PROTEINS; AGE AB Salivary glands of adult male and female Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) were sexually dimorphic when examined by phase contrast light microscopy. Female salivary glands were larger and more complex than those in males. Each female gland consisted of a main gland, which was subdivided into a proximal neck and a distal body with reference to the salivary duct, and four accessory glands. Each male salivary gland consisted of a pear-shaped body with a constriction, or neck, that divided it into a proximal and a distal portion, with reference to the salivary duct. Salivary glands of both sexes increased in length from emergence to day 3, followed by a sex-specific pattern of decrease. Based on these morphological observations, we suggest that the salivary glands of female C. variipennis are specialized in the production of secretory materials for bloodfeeding. C1 UNIV WYOMING,COLL AGR,DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP DELEON, AAP (reprint author), USDA,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 31 IS 6 BP 898 EP 902 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP733 UT WOS:A1994PP73300015 PM 7815404 ER PT J AU MECHAM, JO NUNAMAKER, RA AF MECHAM, JO NUNAMAKER, RA TI COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VECTORS AND PATHOGENS - CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS-SONORENSIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) INFECTION-RATES WITH BLUETONGUE VIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS-SONORENSIS; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; INFECTION RATES ID ORAL INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS; SEROTYPE-2 AB Two laboratory colonies of Culicoides variipennis sonorensis Wirth & Jones were allowed to take blood meals containing the five U.S. serotypes (2, 10, 11, 13, and 17) of bluetongue (BLU) virus. After 14 d of extrinsic incubation, the flies were assayed for the presence of virus using an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a significant effect of the serotype on infection of C. v. sonorensis with BLU virus. There was no significant difference in infection of the two colonies when averaged across the five BLU virus treatments. However, there was a statistically significant interaction between the colonies and the virus serotypes, which was demonstrated by a higher rate of infection of the AA colony with BLU virus serotype 13 and a higher rate of infection of the AK colony with BLU virus serotype 11. RP MECHAM, JO (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 31 IS 6 BP 903 EP 907 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP733 UT WOS:A1994PP73300016 PM 7815405 ER PT J AU LAZOF, DB GOLDSMITH, JKG RUFTY, TW SUGGS, C LINTON, RW AF LAZOF, DB GOLDSMITH, JKG RUFTY, TW SUGGS, C LINTON, RW TI THE PREPARATION OF CRYOSECTIONS FROM PLANT-TISSUE - AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD APPROPRIATE FOR SECONDARY-ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY STUDIES OF NUTRIENT TRACERS AND TRACE-METALS SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE CRYOPREPARATION; CRYOSECTION; DIFFUSIBLE IONS; ION MICROANALYSIS; PLANTS; PLANT TISSUE; ROOTS; SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY; SIMS ID BIOLOGICAL MICROANALYSIS; LOCALIZATION; PROSPECTS; ELEMENTS; ROOT; SIMS AB A method involving cryostat sectioning (10 mu m thickness) and freeze-drying is presented for the preparation of plant tissue for microanalytical studies. The method is well suited for semi-quantitative imaging by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and offers significant advantages oner bulk freeze-dried or freeze-substitution preparations. Segments of corn or soybean root (5 mm) are quench-frozen, embedded externally, sectioned in a cryostat (10 mu m), pressed onto ultrapure Si and slowly freeze-dried. Images of these sections with secondary electron microscopy and SIMS indicated good morphological preservation. It was possible to section tissues of a wide developmental range, as well as roots varying sixfold in diameter. SIMS images are presented which demonstrate the ability to detect and localize nutrient tracers, such as Rb+, following brief exposures (10 min) to the intact plant. Likewise, a toxic metal (Al) was localized in root tissue after brief exposure (<1 day) of the intact plant root to micromolar external concentrations. Elemental redistribution during processing was minimal, as demonstrated most explicitly by the lack of movement of loosely bound Ca fi om the outer cell walls into the adjacent embedding material. Preservation of compositional differences between cellular content and cell wall was supported by a semi-quantitative treatment of SIMS images. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT CHEM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,DENT RES CTR,HISTOL LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP LAZOF, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,POB 1168,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 176 BP 99 EP 109 PN 2 PG 11 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA PZ432 UT WOS:A1994PZ43200002 ER PT J AU AHN, YS SMITH, D OSADA, J LI, ZG SCHAEFER, EJ ORDOVAS, JM AF AHN, YS SMITH, D OSADA, J LI, ZG SCHAEFER, EJ ORDOVAS, JM TI DIETARY-FAT SATURATION AFFECTS APOLIPOPROTEIN GENE-EXPRESSION AND HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN GOLDEN SYRIAN-HAMSTERS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE APOLIPOPROTEINS; GENE EXPRESSION; DIETARY FAT; HAMSTERS; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS ID TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; A-I; HEPATIC LIPASE; CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; RECEPTOR ACTIVITY; CEBUS MONKEYS; METABOLISM; INVITRO; INVIVO AB Our purpose was to elucidate the mechanisms whereby diets high in polyunsaturated fat lower plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol concentrations compared with diets high in saturated fat. Twenty-four mate Golden Syrian hamsters (FIB strain) were fed semipurified diets containing 0.2 g cholesterol + 15 g fat/100 g diet enriched (13 g/100 g) in either coconut oil or soybean oil for 18 wk. Consumption of the soybean oil diet was associated with significantly (P < 0.001) lower mean concentrations of HDL cholesterol (28%), triglycerides (51%) and free fatty acids (51%), as well as a significantly lower proportion of large HDL particles. No effect on plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein or lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activities or hepatic or intestinal apolipoprotein (ape) A-I, A-IV or E mRNA levels were noted. The soybean oil-fed group had significantly lower levels of mRNA (P < 0.05) for hepatic apo A II (23%) and ape C-III (18%) and significantly higher levels of mRNA for intestinal apo C-II (23%). Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids lower triglyceride concentrations in hamsters by decreasing apo C-III gene expression and by increasing apo C-II gene expression. In addition, reduced expression of apo A-II in animals fed the soybean oil diet may contribute to the lower HDL cholesterol concentration and larger proportion of small HDL particles noted. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL39326] NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 124 IS 11 BP 2147 EP 2155 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PQ929 UT WOS:A1994PQ92900004 PM 7965198 ER PT J AU KIM, YI MILLER, JW DACOSTA, KA NADEAU, M SMITH, D SELHUB, J ZEISEL, SH MASON, JB AF KIM, YI MILLER, JW DACOSTA, KA NADEAU, M SMITH, D SELHUB, J ZEISEL, SH MASON, JB TI SEVERE FOLATE-DEFICIENCY CAUSES SECONDARY DEPLETION OF CHOLINE AND PHOSPHOCHOLINE IN RAT-LIVER SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FOLATE; CHOLINE; RATS ID S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; METHOTREXATE TREATMENT; METHIONINE METABOLISM; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TREATED RATS; FOLIC-ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; BETAINE; METHYLTRANSFERASE; HOMOCYSTINURIA AB It has previously been shown that choline deficiency causes depletion of hepatic folate concentration in rats. Two separate experiments were undertaken to investigate the converse phenomenon: whether folate deficiency would lead to depletion of hepatic choline. In Experiment 1, severe folate deficiency was induced in rats by feeding an amino acid-defined diet containing (per kg diet) 1.4 g choline, 0 mg folate and 10 g succinylsulfathiazole. Control rats were fed the same diet containing 8 mg folate/kg. After 4 wk, plasma and hepatic folate concentrations were significantly depleted in the severely folate-deficient rats compared with controls (P < 0.001), and hepatic choline and phosphocholine concentrations were 65 and 80% lower, respectively (P < 0.001). In Experiment 2, moderate folate deficiency was induced in rats by feeding the same diet as described above, but with the succinylsulfathiazole omitted. After 24 wk, significant systemic folate deficiency was present in the moderately folate-deficient rats compared with controls (P < 0.001). A modest reduction (36%, P = 0.087) in hepatic choline concentration was observed in the moderately folate-deficient rats compared with controls. No significant differences in hepatic phosphocholine concentrations were detected between the two groups. These results indicate that severe folate deficiency causes secondary hepatic choline deficiency in rats. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP KIM, YI (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1U01 CA63812-01]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-09525] NR 33 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 124 IS 11 BP 2197 EP 2203 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PQ929 UT WOS:A1994PQ92900010 PM 7965204 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF KING, G FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF KING, G FARRELL, HM TI AN ENERGY-MINIMIZED CASEIN SUBMICELLE WORKING MODEL SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CASEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN FUNCTIONALITY; MILK PROTEINS ID CALCIUM-INDUCED ASSOCIATIONS; BOVINE CASEIN; BETA-CASEIN; THERMODYNAMIC LINKAGE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; FORCE-FIELD; PROTEINS; MICELLES; MILK; STABILITY AB To develop a molecular basis for structure-function relationships of the complex milk protein system, an energy-minimized, three-dimensional model of a casein submicelle was constructed consisting of kappa-casein, four alpha(s1)-casein, and four beta-casein molecules. The models for the individual caseins were from previously reported energy-minimized, three-dimensional structures. Docking of one kappa-casein and four alpha(s1)-casein molecules produced a framework structure through the interaction of two hydrophobic antiparallel sheets of kappa-casein with two small hydrophobic antiparallel sheets (residue 163-174) of two preformed alpha(s1)-casein dimers. The resulting structure is approximately spherically symmetric, with a loose packing density; its external portion is composed of the hydrophilic domains of the four alpha(s1)-caseins, while the central portion contains two hydrophbic cavities on either side of the kappa-casein central structure. Symmetric and asymmetric preformed dimers of beta-casein formed from the interactions of C-terminal beta-spiral regions as a hinge point could easily be docked into each of the two central cavities of the alpha-kappa framework. This yielded two plausible energy-minimized, three-dimensional structures for submicellar casein, one with two symmetric beta-casein dimers and one with two asymmetric dimers. These refined submicellar structures are in good agreement with biochemical, chemical, and solution structural information available for submicellar casein. RP KUMOSINSKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0277-8033 J9 J PROTEIN CHEM JI J. Protein Chem. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 13 IS 8 BP 681 EP 700 DI 10.1007/BF01886952 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QB182 UT WOS:A1994QB18200003 PM 7710659 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF KING, G FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF KING, G FARRELL, HM TI COMPARISON OF THE 3-DIMENSIONAL MOLECULAR-MODELS OF BOVINE SUBMICELLAR CASEINS WITH SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY-SCATTERING - INFLUENCE OF PROTEIN HYDRATION SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CASEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN FUNCTIONALITY; HYDRATION; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING ID MICELLES; WATER; STABILITY; SPECTROSCOPY AB To test the applicability of two energy-minimized, three-dimensional structures of the bovine casein submicelle, theoretical small-angle X-ray scattering curves in the presence and absence of water were compared to experimental data. The published method simulates molecular dynamics of proteins in solution by employing adjustable Debye-Waller temperature factors (B factors) for the protein, for the solvent, and for protein-bound water. The programs were first tested upon bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor beginning with its known X-ray crystal structure. To approximate the degree of protein hydration previously determined by NMR relaxation experiments (0.01 g water/g protein), 120 water molecules were docked into the large void of the kappa-casein portion of the structure for both the symmetric and asymmetric casein submicelle models. To approximate hydrodynamic hydration (0.244 g water/g protein), 2703 water molecules were added to each of the above structures using the ''droplet'' algorithm in the Sybyl molecular modeling package. All structures were then energy-minimized and their solvation energies calculated. Theoretical small-angle X-ray scattering curves were calculated for all unhydrated and hydrated structures and compared with experimentally determined scattering profiles for submicellar casein. Best results were achieved with the 120-bound-water structure for both the symmetric and asymmetric submicelle models. Comparison of results for the protein submicelle models with those for the theoretical and literature values of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor demonstrates the applicability of the methodology. RP KUMOSINSKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0277-8033 J9 J PROTEIN CHEM JI J. Protein Chem. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 13 IS 8 BP 701 EP 714 DI 10.1007/BF01886953 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QB182 UT WOS:A1994QB18200004 PM 7710660 ER PT J AU ESTELL, RE FREDRICKSON, EL ANDERSON, DM MUELLER, WF REMMENGA, MD AF ESTELL, RE FREDRICKSON, EL ANDERSON, DM MUELLER, WF REMMENGA, MD TI RELATIONSHIP OF TARBUSH LEAF SURFACE SECONDARY CHEMISTRY TO LIVESTOCK HERBIVORY SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE FLUORENSIA-CERNUA; LEAF SURFACE CHEMISTRY; DIET SELECTION; EPICUTICULAR WAX; MONOTERPENES; SESQUITERPENES ID EPICUTICULAR WAX; DEER PREFERENCE; WOODY-PLANTS; LEAVES AB Tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) is an abundant but generally unpalatable shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert. The objective of this study was to examine the leaf surface chemistry of tarbush in relation to degree of use by ruminants. Mature tarbush leaves were collected on 2 sites during 2 periods approximately 2 weeks apart from plants exhibiting either high (>45%) or low (<10%) use when browsed by cattle, sheep, and goats confined to a small area (5 plants per use category for each site/period combination). A greater (P<0.05) concentration of epicuticular wax was detected on the leaf surface of plants that were used to a lower degree (8.2 and 10.3% of the leaf dry matter for high-and low-use plants, respectively). Several leaf surface compounds were related to period, while site and degree of use were seldom related to individual mono- and sesquiterpenes measured in this study. Camphene and 10 unidentified compounds differed between periods (P<0.10). Two unidentified compounds were related to site (P<0.10) and 2 others were related to use (P<0.10). In summary, individual leaf surface compounds on tarbush do not appear to greatly affect degree of use of tarbush by livestock, but collectively (based on epicuticular wax data), these compounds may influence the diet selected by browsing ruminants. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPT STAT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88001. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88001. RP ESTELL, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88001, USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 47 IS 6 BP 424 EP 428 DI 10.2307/4002991 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR302 UT WOS:A1994PR30200002 ER PT J AU WALKER, JW KRONBERG, SL ALROWAILY, SL WEST, NE AF WALKER, JW KRONBERG, SL ALROWAILY, SL WEST, NE TI COMPARISON OF SHEEP AND GOAT PREFERENCES FOR LEAFY SPURGE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; NOXIOUS WEED; DIETARY HABITS ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA AB The objective of these studies was to compare preference for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) by sheep and goats. Study 1 was a choice test that paired leafy spurge with either arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh)Nutt.) or crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.)Gaertn.) for a 30 minute feeding period. Study 2 consisted of 3 grazing trials on spurge-infested pastures. Differences between sheep and goat grazing were measured using capacitance meter estimates of standing crop and ocular estimates of composition; counts of grazed and ungrazed leafy spurge stems; and bite counts to estimate botanical composition of diets. The paired choice study showed that selection for leafy spurge was affected by the interaction (P<0.0001) of animal species and the choice alternative. Goats preferred leafy spurge (80% of consumption) compared to arrowleaf balsamroot, but demonstrated a relative avoidance (33% of consumption) of leafy spurge when paired with crested wheatgrass. Sheep always avoided leafy spurge compared to the alternative forage and consumed an average of only 28% of their intake from leafy spurge during the 30 minute test. In the grazing trials goats took 64% of their bites from leafy spurge compared to 20% for sheep. This represented a relative preference for spurge by goats compared to a strong relative avoidance by sheep. Sheep avoided areas in the pasture that had high densities of flowering spurge stems while goats were relatively unresponsive to stem densities. Goat grazing reduced the number of flowering stems. Stem numbers were 90 vs. 23 flowering stems m-2 (P=0.4) in sheep- and goat-grazed pastures, respectively. Goats appear to have a greater potential for biological control of leafy spurge than sheep. This advantage may be particularly important in areas where leafy spurge is relatively unpalatable, which the present study site represented. C1 USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 47 IS 6 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.2307/4002992 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR302 UT WOS:A1994PR30200003 ER PT J AU FRANK, AB AF FRANK, AB TI PHYSIOLOGICAL COMPARISONS OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS AND WESTERN WHEATGRASS TO WATER SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE WATER STRESS; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM; PROLINE; ABSCISIC ACID; CARBOHYDRATES; PASCOPYRUM-SMITHII ID PROLINE ACCUMULATION; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; ABSCISIC-ACID; DROUGHT; RESPONSES; GRASSES; STRESS; LEAVES; ROOT AB Knowledge about mechanisms of water stress tolerance, growth, and developmen of forages are important in development of management practices and in germplasm improvement. Plants of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes] and western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Gould] were field grown at 3 soil water levels (50, 100, and 150% of average rainfall) and 2 N levels (10 and 110 kg N ha-1) and sampled to determine proline, water soluble carbohydrate, and abscisic acid concentration from about the 4-leaf through heading stages of development. Proline concentration increased in both species as water stress increased. Proline decreased in crested wheatgrass but increased in western wheatgrass as plant development advanced. Abscisic acid concentrations increased in both species as water stress increased. Western wheatgrass contained about 1.7 times higher abscisic acid concentration than crested wheatgrass. Carbohydrate concentrations increased with water stress and were higher in crested than western wheatgrass. Increasing proline and abscisic acid concentrations in western wheatgrass and the decreasing concentrations in crested wheatgrass at later stages of development suggest that the stress response mechanisms that enhance proline and abscisic acid may be more operative in western than crested wheatgrass. These results suggesting that western wheatgrass is more tolerant of water stress under field conditions than crested wheatgrass should be useful in developing sustainable management practices. Also, proline concentration changes with plant development suggesting that germplasm sampling should be performed over time. RP FRANK, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 47 IS 6 BP 460 EP 466 DI 10.2307/4002997 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR302 UT WOS:A1994PR30200008 ER PT J AU LACEY, JR OLSONRUTZ, KM HAFERKAMP, MR KENNETT, GA AF LACEY, JR OLSONRUTZ, KM HAFERKAMP, MR KENNETT, GA TI EFFECTS OF DEFOLIATION AND COMPETITION ON TOTAL NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES OF SPOTTED KNAPWEED SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CENTAUREA-MACULOSA LAM; PSEUDOROEGNERIA-SPICATA (PURSH) LOVE; CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; GREENHOUSE; NOXIOUS RANGE WEED ID AGROPYRON AB Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) is replacing native bunchgrasses and interfering with resource management objectives on many ranges in the northern Intermountain Region. Herbicides, biological control agents, and fire have not successfully contained spotted knapweed. Since knapweed is grazed in some situations, effects of defoliation and competition on total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) of spotted knapweed plants were determined in this study. Transplanted knapweed plants were grown for 6 months in a greenhouse under 3 levels of competition with bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] Love) and 3 levels of defoliation. Total nonstructural carbohydrates (pool and concentration) were determined at the end of the experiment. Concentration and pools of carbohydrates generally varied among stems, roots, crowns, and with monthly defoliations. Importance of stems for carbohydrate storage was more evident in analyses of pools rather than concentrations. Monthly defoliations decreased carbohydrate concentrations by about 50%, and pools by about 80% respectively within stems, roots, and crowns. While competition from bluebunch wheatgrass influenced total nonstructural carbohydrates concentrations, it did not influence pools. Although frequent defoliations of spotted knapweed reduced carbohydrates, other factors probably limit the feasibility of using grazing animals to control spotted knapweed on native bunchgrass ranges in western North America. C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK RANGE RDS STN,MILES CITY,MT. RP LACEY, JR (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 47 IS 6 BP 481 EP 484 DI 10.2307/4003001 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR302 UT WOS:A1994PR30200012 ER PT J AU BOOTH, DT MCDONALD, MB AF BOOTH, DT MCDONALD, MB TI CATION CONCENTRATION IN POST-IMBIBED WINTERFAT SEEDS AS INFLUENCED BY IMBIBITION TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE EUROTIA-LANATA; CERATOIDES-LANATA; SEEDLING VIGOR; SEEDBED ENVIRONMENT; CA; MG; NA; K ID WATER AB Winterfat [Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq.] is a chenopod shrub often used in range seedings because of its palatability and nutritive value. Environmental conditions influence winterfat germination and seedling vigor and, therefore, seedling success. We tested the hypothesis that seed imbibition at warm temperatures damages seed membranes, resulting in lower post-imbibition concentrations of seed cations. Energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis of Cl uptake and fresh weight increase over time gave evidence that winterfat seeds imbibe more rapidly at 25 than at 4-degrees-C. However, imbibition of seeds at 20-degrees-C did not result in consistently lower post-imbibition cation concentrations. Although imbibition is more rapid at warm temperatures, the post-imbibition concentration of cations in seeds imbibed at 20-degrees-C does not justify the conclusion that warm imbibition damages winterfat seed membranes. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP BOOTH, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,HIGH PLAINS GRASSLANDS RES STN,8408 HILDRETH RD,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 47 IS 6 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.2307/4003002 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR302 UT WOS:A1994PR30200013 ER PT J AU BOOTH, DT GRIFFITH, LW AF BOOTH, DT GRIFFITH, LW TI MEASURING POST-GERMINATION GROWTH SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Note DE SEEDLING VIGOR; GERMINATION METHOD; SEEDLING MEASUREMENT; SLANT-BOARD; COBB-JONES APPARATUS; DIGITIZING TABLET ID LENGTH; ROOT AB Measurement of heterotrophic plant growth is important for evaluating seed or seedling vigor. Hand measurement of large numbers of germinants and seedlings is tedious, can injure young plants, and is often inexact when curved roots are involved. Using the Cobb-Jones germination method with a digitizing tablet, a personal computer, apparatus, and methods we developed, reduces the time, tedium, injury, and guesswork often associated with hand measurements. Evaluation of measurement precision using our methods indicates that repeated measurements of individual germinants/seedlings will have average differences that are less than 1.0 mm. RP BOOTH, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,8408 HILDRETH RD,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 47 IS 6 BP 503 EP 504 DI 10.2307/4003006 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR302 UT WOS:A1994PR30200017 ER PT J AU ENGLISH, DBK BERGSTROM, JC AF ENGLISH, DBK BERGSTROM, JC TI THE CONCEPTUAL LINKS BETWEEN RECREATION SITE DEVELOPMENT AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC-IMPACTS SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION FUNCTION; OUTDOOR RECREATION; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; TRAVEL TIME; BEHAVIOR; MODELS; DEMAND; PARTICIPATION AB Assessing regional economic impacts of recreation trips is important to public agencies' decisions about using recreation as a rural development tool. Minimizing the total cost of recreation trip production implies that households will spatially distribute their purchases of inputs to trip production, including both trip-specific inputs and durable recreation equipment. A recreation site contributes to a region's economic growth through household purchases of trip inputs. The site's cost effects, price information effects, and recreation and retail agglomeration effects cause changes in household recreation purchases and ultimately generate regional economic impacts. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR & APPL ECON,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP ENGLISH, DBK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,320 GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 599 EP 611 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00885.x PG 13 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA PT749 UT WOS:A1994PT74900007 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, RB CHASE, CC SPICER, LJ VERNON, RK HAMMOND, AC RAE, DO AF SIMPSON, RB CHASE, CC SPICER, LJ VERNON, RK HAMMOND, AC RAE, DO TI EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS INSULIN ON PLASMA AND FOLLICULAR INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR BINDING-PROTEIN ACTIVITY, FOLLICULAR ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE, AND FOLLICULAR-GROWTH IN SUPEROVULATED ANGUS AND BRAHMAN COWS SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN GRANULOSA-CELLS; ANTRAL FOLLICLES; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; BOVINE FOLLICLES; OVULATION RATE; SOMATOMEDIN-C; FLUID; GONADOTROPINS; CATTLE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Angus (n = 14) and Brahman (n = 14) cows were used to evaluate the effects of insulin administered concomitantly with FSH in a superovulation regimen. Cows were allotted to four pen replicates by treatment and breed, and received FSH (i.m.) twice a day for 5 consecutive days (first day of injections = day 0 of study) plus concomitant administration of either saline (control) or long-acting bovine insulin (0.25 iu kg(-1) body mass; s.c.). Blood samples were collected at intervals of 6 h during the injection period and analysed for plasma insulin, glucose, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-I binding protein (IGFBP) activity. Cows were ovariectomized on day 5. The number and diameter of follicles were recorded. Follicular fluid was aspirated for determination of IGF-I, IGFBP activity, oestradiol and progesterone. Mean plasma concentration of glucose was lower in insulin-treated than in control cows averaged over days 1-5 (56 +/- 3 versus 82 +/- 3 mg dl(-1); P < 0.01). Plasma concentration of IGF-I and IGFBP activity were not affected (P > 0.10) by treatment, but were higher in Brahman than in Angus cows (IGF-I: 41 +/- 6 versus 19 +/- 6 ng ml(-1), P < 0.05; IGFBP activity: 17.5 +/- 0.4 versus 15.8 +/- 0.04% (10 mu l)(-1); P < 0.03). Insulin treatment did not affect the number of small (1.0-3.9 mm), medium (4.0-7.9 mm) or large (greater than or equal to 8.0 mm) follicles. Brahman cows had a greater (P < 0.01) number of medium and total follicles (19.4 +/- 2.5 and 60.5 +/- 5.5, respectively) than did Angus cows (7.5 +/- 2.6 and 30.5 +/- 5.6, respectively). Diameter of large follicles was greater in insulin-treated than in control cows (11.4 +/- 0.2 versus 10.6 +/- 0.1 mm; P < 0.05). Follicular fluid IGF-I concentration in large follicles was higher in insulin-treated Brahman cows (60 +/- 2 ng ml(-1)) than in control Brahman cows (37 +/- 2 ng ml(-1)), but was lower in insulin-treated Angus cows (31 +/- 3 ng ml(-1)) than in control Angus cows (38 +/- 2 ng ml(-1); treatment x breed interaction, P < 0.01). IGFBP activity in fluid from large follicles was not affected by insulin treatment in Brahman cows but was reduced (P < 0.05) by insulin treatment in Angus cows. In large follicles, concentration of oestradiol in follicular fluid was higher in insulin-treated than in control cows (144 +/- 36 versus 29 +/- 28 ml(-1); P < 0.10), while progesterone concentration was lower in insulin-treated than in control cows (71 +/- 24 versus 178 +/- 19 ng ml(-1); P < 0.05). The percentage of large follicles that were oestrogen-active was higher (P < 0.05) in insulin-treated cows (54 +/- 4.9%) than in control cows (25 +/- 4.5%). In summary, insulin treatment resulted in increased follicle diameter, higher oestradiol and lower progesterone concentrations in the fluid of large follicles, but did not increase the number of follicles. Brahman cows had higher plasma and follicular fluid concentrations of IGF-I, lower oestradiol concentrations and a greater number of follicles than did Angus cows. C1 USDA ARS,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34601. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. NR 46 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 102 IS 2 BP 483 EP 492 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA QB771 UT WOS:A1994QB77100029 PM 7532225 ER PT J AU DOOLITTLE, JA SUDDUTH, KA KITCHEN, NR INDORANTE, SJ AF DOOLITTLE, JA SUDDUTH, KA KITCHEN, NR INDORANTE, SJ TI ESTIMATING DEPTHS TO CLAYPANS USING ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION METHODS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-CONTENT; SALINITY; RECHARGE AB Claypans restrict infiltration, influence the lateral movement of soil water and agrichemicals, and limit crop production. In many areas of the Midwest, quantification and mapping of the variations in the depth to claypans are important components for research on water-quality and crop production. In an area of Mexico soils in central Missouri, a high correlation between the observed depth to claypans and the response of the EM38 meter was observed. Equations were developed to infer depths and chart the topography of the claypan. Compared with traditional methods of observing this subsurface layer, EM techniques are noninvasive, less labor intensive, more economical and can produce large quantities of data in a relatively short period of time. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,MLRA SOIL SURVEY OFF,BELLEVILLE,IL 62220. RP DOOLITTLE, JA (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,CHESTER,PA 19013, USA. RI Poggio, Matteo/D-8973-2011 NR 20 TC 140 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 49 IS 6 BP 572 EP 575 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA PV014 UT WOS:A1994PV01400010 ER PT J AU OLSON, KR LAL, R NORTON, LD AF OLSON, KR LAL, R NORTON, LD TI EVALUATION OF METHODS TO STUDY SOIL EROSION-PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID LANDSCAPE POSITION; CORN YIELD; TOPSOIL; PIEDMONT; ALFISOLS; NIGERIA AB The objective of this review paper is to compare methods currently used to evaluate the effects of soil erosion on soil properties and crop yields on cultivated soils. The methods include (i) topsoil removal and additions, (ii) paired comparisons between eroded phases of soils within a field on a similar landscape position, (iii) analyzing yield data for a soil series from many plots in numerous fields with variable management and on different landscape positions, (iv) factor analyses and geostatistics, and (v) simulation models such as Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) and Nitrogen-Tillage Residue Model (NTRM). Each method has inherent strength, weakness, and bins which can result in the measured soil productivity response attributed to erosion being potentially confounded with other variables such as landscape position, soil formation and management. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,NATL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47906. RP OLSON, KR (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 40 TC 23 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 49 IS 6 BP 586 EP 590 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA PV014 UT WOS:A1994PV01400013 ER PT J AU OLSON, KR NORTON, LD FENTON, TE LAL, R AF OLSON, KR NORTON, LD FENTON, TE LAL, R TI QUANTIFICATION OF SOIL LOSS FROM ERODED SOIL PHASES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EVALUATION; LOSS EQUATION; CORN YIELD; EROSION; DEPOSITION; ILLINOIS; SEDIMENTATION; LANDSCAPE; PIEDMONT; PRODUCTIVITY AB The objective of this review paper is to evaluate methods of identifying eroded phases of a soil and quantifying the amount of soil from erosion. The effect of accelerated erosion on soils is recorded on National Cooperative Soil Survey maps as phases of soil series and reflect the percentage of the original A horizon remaining. This definition requires a knowledge of original A horizon thickness prior to cultivation. Erosion classes based on erosion of topsoil underestimate the extent of erosion from both the topsoil and subsoils, particularly where soils have been cultivated for hundreds of years and are severely eroded. For some soils, a major soil classification problem occurs when accelerated erosion affects the diagnostic horizons. C1 USDA ARS,NATL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47906. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP OLSON, KR (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 49 IS 6 BP 591 EP 596 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA PV014 UT WOS:A1994PV01400014 ER PT J AU WEESIES, GA LIVINGSTON, SJ HOSTETER, WD SCHERTZ, DL AF WEESIES, GA LIVINGSTON, SJ HOSTETER, WD SCHERTZ, DL TI EFFECT OF SOIL-EROSION ON CROP YIELD IN INDIANA - RESULTS OF A 10-YEAR STUDY SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTIVITY AB The effect of soil erosion on crop yield is influenced by soil properties, particularly available water capacity and soil depth. This study details completion of a 10 year study of this effect under field conditions on three soils. Crop yield information was gathered to quantify the effect of soil erosion on productivity. Yield data were collected for corn and soybeans in three Indiana counties on three important Indiana Corn Belt soils (Corwin, a fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiudoll; Miami, a fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludalf; and Morley, a fine, illitic, mesic, Typic Hapludalf). Slight, moderate, and severe erosion phases were used to distinguish differing degrees of erosion. Corn yield reduction was 18% for the Miami soil (significant at the 5% level using Duncans multiple range test), 14% for the Morley soil, and 9% for the Corwin soil when severely eroded sites were compared to slightly eroded sites over the 10-year period of study. Soybean yield reduction (significant for all soils at the 5% level using Duncans multiple range test), was 17% for the Miami soil, 24% for the Morley soil, and 20% for the Corwin soil when severely eroded sites were compared to slightly eroded sites over the 10-year period of study. C1 USDA,SCS,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. USDA,SCS,WASHINGTON,DC. RP WEESIES, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,1196 SOIL BLDG,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 49 IS 6 BP 597 EP 600 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA PV014 UT WOS:A1994PV01400015 ER PT J AU YOUNG, DL KWON, TJ YOUNG, FL AF YOUNG, DL KWON, TJ YOUNG, FL TI PROFIT AND RISK FOR INTEGRATED CONSERVATION FARMING SYSTEMS IN THE PALOUSE SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB This paper evaluates the economic performance of 12 farming systems field tested from 1986 to 1991 in the Palouse region of southeastern Washington. These systems comprised two rotations (monoculture wheat (Triticum aestivum) and wheat-barley (Hordeum vulgare)-peas (Pisum sativum)). The systems also included two tillage intensities (conservation and conventional) and three weed management levels. Based upon prices and program provisions projected for 1991-95, the conservation tillage/winter wheat-spring barley-spring pea system at maximum weed management dominated all others in high profitability and had low economic risk. Furthermore, this system satisfied soil conservation compliance. It also reduced nitrogen use compared to monoculture wheat. There are at least three potential explanations of the income-stabilizing advantage of the optimal conservation cropping system. The conservation systems yielded relatively better in dry years and withstood cold damage to winter wheat better, especially in the severe 1990-91 winter. The three-crop rotation also fostered disease resistance under the moist, high-residue seedbed of conservation tillage. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP YOUNG, DL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 49 IS 6 BP 601 EP 606 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA PV014 UT WOS:A1994PV01400016 ER PT J AU CHANG, CC ATWOOD, JD ALT, K MCCARL, BA AF CHANG, CC ATWOOD, JD ALT, K MCCARL, BA TI ECONOMIC-IMPACTS OF EROSION MANAGEMENT MEASURES IN COASTAL DRAINAGE BASINS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SECTOR AB A U.S. agricultural sector model is used to estimate the economic impacts of proposed environmental regulation on agricultural practices under the Coastal Zone Management Act. The proposed regulation would require enhanced erosion management on cropland in counties that substantially drain into the coastal drainage basins. On a national level, the analysis shows a decrease of $42 million in net returns to cropland in the Coastal Zone Drainage Basin as a result of the proposed policy. On a per hectare basis, the loss ranges from $37.60 for the most erodible land to $1.10 or less on lands with either low erosion potential or having crop production limited by wetness. This loss results from a net decrease in land farmed, substitution of lower profit crops, and use of higher cost erosion control methods. The impact does not fall proportionately on all farmers; the operators of the most erodible land bear most of the adjustment. At the same time, coastal zone soil erosion is lowered by 28% on average and the erosion rate on the most erodible land is reduced by over 80%. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,DIV STRATEG PLANNING & POLICY ANAL,TEMPLE,TX 76502. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,DIV STRATEG PLANNING & POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP CHANG, CC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 49 IS 6 BP 606 EP 611 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA PV014 UT WOS:A1994PV01400017 ER PT J AU LEFOHN, AS EDWARDS, PJ ADAMS, MB AF LEFOHN, AS EDWARDS, PJ ADAMS, MB TI THE CHARACTERIZATION OF OZONE EXPOSURES IN RURAL WEST-VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; PROTECT VEGETATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; STRESS; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COTTONWOOD; TRANSPORT; REDUCTION; STANDARD AB Ozone (O-3) is suspected of being the most significant air pollutant affecting vegetation in the United States, Ozone concentrations measured at Bearden Knob and Parsons, located in a remote forested region of northcentral West Virginia, were characterized and compared with exposures experienced at other sites in the region. From 1988 to 1992, 1988 was one of the highest O-3 exposure years in the region, while 1992 was the lowest. At almost all sites in 1992, few hourly average concentrations were greater than or equal to 0.10 ppm, while in 1988 several sites had more than 100 hourly average concentrations greater than or equal to 0.10 ppm. These instances occurred at both high- and low-elevation sites. In 1992, the high-elevation Bearden Knob site experienced a flat-type diurnal pattern, while the nearby low-elevation Parsons site experienced a changing diurnal pattern, indicative of scavenging, Using several indices, O-3 exposures at Parsons were less than those at Bearden Knob. Evaluation of hourly averaged data for all sites in the region from 1988 to 1992 showed that Horton Station experienced the highest W126 O-3 exposures. Horton Station is a high-elevation site in the mountains of southwestern Virginia. Square-wave exposures have been used under artificial conditions in vegetation experiments. If square-wave exposures are observed under ambient conditions, then the vegetation data collected under artificial conditions may be relevant for predictive purposes. Square-wave exposures were characterized for two high-elevation sites. In 1992, Horton Station experienced 25 episodes for which the hourly average concentrations remained near 0.05 ppm for eight hours or longer; there were 18 episodes for which the hourly average concentrations remained near 0.06 ppm, and three episodes for which the concentrations remained near 0.07 ppm. Bearden Knob experienced 31 episodes of eight hours or longer for hourly average concentrations near 0.05 ppm, 13 episodes at or near 0.06 ppm, and three episodes at or near 0.07 ppm. Until experiments are performed to determine the relative importance of hourly average concentrations above 0.03 ppm for assessing vegetation effects, using single-parameter exposure indices to predict effects may produce inconsistent results. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,PARSONS,WV 26287. RP LEFOHN, AS (reprint author), ASL & ASSOCIATES,111 N LAST CHANCE GULCH,HELENA,MT 59601, USA. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1276 EP 1283 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PR925 UT WOS:A1994PR92500002 ER PT J AU MERTZ, W AF MERTZ, W TI A BALANCED APPROACH TO NUTRITION FOR HEALTH - THE NEED FOR BIOLOGICALLY ESSENTIAL MINERALS AND VITAMINS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; E CONSUMPTION; CHROMIUM; WOMEN; RISK RP MERTZ, W (reprint author), USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1259 EP 1262 DI 10.1016/0002-8223(94)92456-2 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PQ974 UT WOS:A1994PQ97400011 PM 7963168 ER PT J AU ERHAN, SZ BAGBY, MO AF ERHAN, SZ BAGBY, MO TI POLYMERIZATION OF VEGETABLE-OILS AND THEIR USES IN PRINTING INKS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE POLYMERIZATION; PRINTING INKS; RATE CONSTANT; VEGETABLE OILS; VEHICLES AB Ink vehicles were prepared by the polymerization of vegetable oils. By controlling the polymerization conditions, the desired viscosity, color and molecular weight could be achieved for a variety of vegetable oils with a broad range of iodine values and fatty acid compositions. The effect of temperature and catalyst on polymerization rates were evaluated, and polymerization rate constants were calculated. Of the oils tested, the polymerization rate constant of safflower oil was the highest, followed by soybean, sunflower, cottonseed and canola oils in decreasing order. Use of a catalyst shortened the heating time by about 25-50% or lowered the polymerization temperature requirement by 25-30 degrees C. RP ERHAN, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1223 EP 1226 DI 10.1007/BF02540541 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PT232 UT WOS:A1994PT23200008 ER PT J AU SHIH, FF AF SHIH, FF TI INTERACTION OF SOY ISOLATE WITH POLYSACCHARIDE AND ITS EFFECT ON FILM PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALKYLATION; ELONGATION; FILMS; GLYCOSYLATION; PROTEIN; PROTEIN FUNCTIONALITY; SOY ISOLATE; TENSILE STRENGTH ID GLYCOSYLATED DERIVATIVES; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; PEA LEGUMIN; PROTEINS AB When soy isolate was mixed with sodium alginate, the two polymers interacted to form electrostatic complexes. They also formed varying degrees of covalent bonding, depending on reaction time and the presence or absence of the reducing agent sodium cyanoborohydride. On the other hand, soy isolate and propyleneglycol alginate (PGA) formed mostly covalent complexes at alkaline pH. The interaction of soy protein with polysaccharide maintained or improved its solubility and emulsifying activity, particularly when covalent bonds were involved. The alkylated complexes also showed better film-making properties. However, protein-PGA films were more readily formed and had greater stability in water than the protein-alginate films. RP SHIH, FF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 18 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1281 EP 1285 DI 10.1007/BF02540552 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PT232 UT WOS:A1994PT23200019 ER PT J AU ELAGAIMY, MA NEFF, WE ELSAYED, M AWATIF, II AF ELAGAIMY, MA NEFF, WE ELSAYED, M AWATIF, II TI EFFECT OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER ON OLIVE OIL COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE FATTY ACIDS; IRRIGATION; OLIVE OIL; STEREOSPECIFIC ANALYSIS; STEROLS; TOCOPHEROLS; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VEGETABLE-OILS; TRIGLYCERIDE COMPOSITION; TOCOPHEROLS; MIXTURES AB Virgin olive oils were obtained in Egypt from fruits of olive trees irrigated with waters of different salinity concentration (control, 1800, 3600 and 6000 ppm) during the 1992 season. The effect of water salinity on olive oil fatty acid, fatty acid location in triacylglycerol moiety, triacylglycerol, sterol and tocopherol composition was determined. Oleic acid slightly increased and linoleic decreased in the total fatty acid composition, as well as on glycerol carbon-2 and -1(3), with increased water salinity. Trioleoyl, stearoyldioleoyl and palmitoyldioleoyl glycerols are slightly increased with increased water salinity. Total tocopherol was 87.7 mg/kg in the control and increased to 147.0 mg/kg for water with 1800 ppm salinity. At higher salinity concentration, total tocopherol decreased to 107.2 and to 89.1 mg/kg for water salinities of 3600 and 6000 ppm, respectively. The same trend was observed for alpha, beta and gamma-tocopherols. Campesterol and beta-sitosterol were increased with water salinity of 1800 ppm and decreased when water salinity increased further. Stigmasterol increased at water salinity of 3600 ppm and decreased sharply when the salinity was increased to 6000 ppm. These olive oil composition studies showed that although water salinity may have some compositional effects, there was no major adverse effect on fatty acid, triacylglycerol, triacylglycerol fatty acid location, sterol and tocopherol composition for oil from olives of trees grown with water with a salt composition of up to 6000 ppm. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. AGR RES CTR,HORT RES INST,OLIVE RES DEPT,GIZA,EGYPT. AGR RES CTR,FOOD TECHNOL RES INST,OILS & FATS RES SECT,GIZA,EGYPT. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1287 EP 1289 DI 10.1007/BF02540553 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PT232 UT WOS:A1994PT23200020 ER PT J AU PETERSON, DL MILLER, SS WHITNEY, JD AF PETERSON, DL MILLER, SS WHITNEY, JD TI HARVESTING SEMIDWARF FREESTANDING APPLE-TREES WITH AN OVER-THE-ROW MECHANICAL HARVESTER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS DOMESTICA; QUALITY; EFFICIENCY; SHAKER; FRUIT; MACHINE ID LEADER AB Three years of mechanical harvesting (shake and catch) trials with two freestanding apple (Malus domestica Borkh,) cultivars on a semidwarf rootstock (M.7a) and two training systems (central leader and open center) yielded 64% to 77% overall harvesting efficiency. Mechanically harvested 'Bisbee Delicious' apples averaged 70% Extra Fancy and 10% Fancy grade, while two 'Golden Delicious' strains ('Smoothee' and 'Frazier Goldspur') averaged 40% Extra Fancy and 13% Fancy grade fruit. Mechanically harvesting fresh-market-quality apples from semidwarf freestanding trees was difficult and its potential limited. Cumulative yield of open-center trees was less than that of central-leader trees during the 3 years (sixth through eighth leaf) of our study. 'Golden Delicious' trees generally produced higher yields than 'Delicious' trees. RP PETERSON, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 119 IS 6 BP 1114 EP 1120 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PQ015 UT WOS:A1994PQ01500001 ER PT J AU CARTAGENA, JR MATTA, FB SPIERS, JM AF CARTAGENA, JR MATTA, FB SPIERS, JM TI CHEMICAL FRUIT THINNING OF VACCINIUM-ASHEI READE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY; FRUIT WEIGHT; FRUIT SIZE ID SEYVAL BLANC GRAPES; DELICIOUS APPLE; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; YIELD; SIZE; QUALITY; SET; BA; DAMINOZIDE; CARBARYL AB The thinning potential of various chemicals sprayed on 'Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberry was examined in the greenhouse in 1990 and under field conditions in 1991 and 1992. In the greenhouse, BA concentrations ranging from 25 to 500 mg.liter(-1) and carbaryl concentrations ranging from 400 to 2100 mg.liter(-1) reduced fruit set when treatments were applied 16 days after corolla drop (ACD). GA(3) reduced fruit set only at 50 mg.liter(-1) and NAA did not influence fruit set. In the field, BA at 75 mg.liter(-1) and the combination of carbaryl at 400 mg.liter(-1) and BA at 25 mg.liter(-1) reduced fruit set in 1991 and 1992. Combinations of carbaryl and GA(3) reduced fruit set, but the response depended on GA(3) concentration and varied from year to year. GA(3), NAA, and carbaryl also reduced fruit set, but the results were inconsistent. In 1991, greater thinning occurred when the treatments were sprayed 10 days ACD. BA at 25 mg.liter(-1) increased fruit diameter at first harvest in 1991, and carbaryl at 400 mg.liter(-1) increased fruit diameter in 1991 and 1992. Fruit diameter was increased in the presence and absence of thinning, depending on year and application time. Yield and return bloom were not influenced by any of the treatments. Chemical names used: 7 benzylamino purine (BA); gibberellic acid (GA(3)); 2-naphaleneacetic acid (NAA); 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate (carbaryl). C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 119 IS 6 BP 1133 EP 1136 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PQ015 UT WOS:A1994PQ01500004 ER PT J AU WANG, SY FAUST, M LINE, MJ AF WANG, SY FAUST, M LINE, MJ TI APICAL DOMINANCE IN APPLE (MALUS-DOMESTICA BORKH) - THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID (IAA) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FATTY ACIDS; DECAPITATION; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; GLYCOLIPIDS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; STEROLS ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; WATER; BUD; TRANSPORT; DORMANCY; STATES; STEM AB The effect of IAA on apical dominance in apple buds was examined in relation to changes in proton density (free water) and membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. Decapitation induced budbreak and enhanced lateral bud growth. IAA replaced apical control of lateral buds and maintained paradormancy. Maximal inhibition was obtained when IAA was applied immediately after the apical bud was removed; delaying application reduced the effect of IAA. An increase in proton density in lateral buds was observed 2 days after decapitation, whereas the change in membrane lipid composition occurred 4 days later. Removing the terminal bud increased membrane galacto- and phospholipids and the ratio of unsaturated to corresponding saturated fatty acids. Decapitation also decreased the ratio of free sterols to phospholipids in lateral buds. Applying thidiazuron to lateral buds of decapitated shoots enhanced these effects, whereas applying IAA to the terminal end of decapitated shoots inhibited the increase of proton density and prevented changes in membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. These results suggest that change in water movement alters membrane lipid composition and then induces lateral bud growth. IAA, presumably produced by the terminal bud, restricts the movement of water to lateral buds and inhibits their growth in apple. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WANG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 119 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1221 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PQ015 UT WOS:A1994PQ01500016 ER PT J AU NAVAZIO, JP STAUB, JE AF NAVAZIO, JP STAUB, JE TI EFFECTS OF SOIL-MOISTURE, CULTIVAR, AND POSTHARVEST HANDLING ON PILLOWY FRUIT DISORDER IN CUCUMBER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS SATIVUS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; STRESS; DROUGHT; SOIL MOISTURE TENSION ID WATER-STRESS; PLANTS AB Two experiments (1989 and 1990) were designed to characterize the response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants with different leaf types [normal leaf (LL) vs. little leaf(ll)] to high soil moisture tension (SMT) and to determine whether hydrocooling would reduce the severity of pillowy fruit disorder (PFD). Comparisons were made among nine cultivars (7 LL and 2 ll) for aboveground vegetative and fruit response, and between two irrigation regimes. High SMT generally caused increased wilt ratings and stomatal conductance and decreased plant dry weight. PFD severity of fruit from watered plots was less [61% (Expt. 1, 1989) and 26% (Expt. 1, 1990)] than of fruit harvested from plots in which water was withheld. The response of the two ll cultivars to moisture stress differed depending on environmental conditions. Increased PFD severity was associated with increased temperature, lower relative humidity (RH), and excluding hydrocooling during postharvest handling. Of the four storage treatments examined, hydrocooling to approximate to 8.5C then storage at 15C and 85% RK for 4 days produced fruit with the least PFD symptoms. Fruit of 'Carolina' (LL) exhibited the highest PFD ratings, while those of 'Calypso' (LL) were consistently low compared to other cultivars. Processors can lower PFD incidence and severity by ensuring that adequate moisture is available to plants during: fruit enlargement and that harvested fruit are hydrocooled before shipping and storage. RP NAVAZIO, JP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA,ARS,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 119 IS 6 BP 1234 EP 1242 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PQ015 UT WOS:A1994PQ01500019 ER PT J AU JUNG, HJG BUXTON, DR AF JUNG, HJG BUXTON, DR TI FORAGE QUALITY VARIATION AMONG MAIZE INBREDS - RELATIONSHIPS OF CELL-WALL COMPOSITION AND IN-VITRO DEGRADABILITY FOR STEM INTERNODES SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; CELL WALL; KLASON LIGNIN; FERULIC ACID; P-COUMARIC ACID; ESTERS; ETHERS; NEUTRAL SUGARS; URONIC ACIDS; CELL-WALL DEGRADATION ID LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; DIGESTIBILITY; FIBER; RESISTANCE; SILAGE; YIELD AB Forty-five inbred maize (Zea mays L) lines were evaluated for genetic variation in stem cell-wall concentration, composition and degradability, and for relationships among cell-wall components and polysaccharide degradability. Cell-wall neutral sugars, uronic acids, Klason lignin, and ester- and ether-linked phenolic acids were measured on lower stem internode samples collected at the time of silking in 2 years. Twenty-four and 96 h in-vitro ruminal fermentations were used to determine the rapidly and potentially degradable cell-wall polysaccharide fractions, respectively. Genetic variation (P < 0.05) was found for all measures of cell-wall composition and many estimates of rapidly and potentially degradable cell-wall polysaccharide components. Inbred line means varied by 50-300% for most traits. Three brown midrib mutant inbred lines included in the study were not the lowest in lignin content nor did they exhibit the greatest cell-wail degradabilities in this population of inbred maize. Year of growth (environment) influenced (P < 0.05) cell-wall traits even though reproductive physiological maturity at sampling was similar in both years. Degradability of the cell-wall polysaccharide components were intercorrelated (P < 0.05) within the rapidly and potentially degradable fractions, but rate and extent of degradation of the cell-wall components were not correlated (P > 0.05), except for uronic acids. A multiple regression model of principal components (R(2) = 0.41, P < 0.05) indicated that cell-wall lignification and substitution of wall polymers with phenolic and uronic acids were negatively associated, and pectic substances were positively related with rapid polysaccharide degradation. Very little of the variation (R(2) = 0.15, P < 0.05) in potential cell-wall polysaccharide degradation could be explained by this multiple regression analysis. There is a large degree of genetic variation among current inbred maize lines for stem cell-wall quality traits, which should allow improvement of maize as a forage crop. Because of the complex matrix interactions in cell-wall organization, however, no single cell-wall component, or simple combination, can accurately predict degradability of maize cell walls. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP JUNG, HJG (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR CLUSTERS,411 BORLUAG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 33 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 66 IS 3 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740660308 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PT436 UT WOS:A1994PT43600007 ER PT J AU TERRILL, TH WINDHAM, WR EVANS, JJ HOVELAND, CS AF TERRILL, TH WINDHAM, WR EVANS, JJ HOVELAND, CS TI EFFECT OF DRYING METHOD AND CONDENSED TANNIN ON DETERGENT FIBER ANALYSIS OF SERICEA-LESPEDEZA SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE CONDENSED TANNIN; DETERGENT FIBER ANALYSIS; SERICEA LESPEDEZA; DRYING ID PRESERVATION METHOD; FORAGE; DIGESTIBILITY; BROWSE AB The effect of forage drying method on interrelationships between condensed tannins and fiber as determined by the detergent system of analysis was studied in a randomized block field experiment with three cultivars of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata (Dum-Cours) G Don). Harvested forage was oven-dried and freeze-dried, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined with and without sodium sulfite added during the extraction. Acid detergent fiber (ADF), permanganate lignin, cellulose, and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen CN) were determined by separate and sequential ADF analyses. Without sodium sulfite, oven-drying, compared with freeze-drying, increased NDF, neutral detergent insoluble N, and sequentially-analyzed ADF and lignin, due to precipitation of condensed tannins and protein in neutral detergent. Acid detergent fiber, lignin, and acid detergent insoluble N were higher in sequentially-analyzed oven-dried and freeze-dried forages, compared with separate-sample analyses, with a greater effect in oven-dried samples. Neutral detergent fiber of both oven-dried and freeze-dried samples contained tannin-protein complexes (precipitants), with more occurring in oven-dried samples. When sodium sulfite was included in the neutral detergent extraction, all drying treatment differences in NDF, neutral detergent insoluble N, ADF, acid detergent insoluble N, and lignin were removed. Sequential NDF-ADF analysis with sodium sulfite is recommended to minimize influence of condensed tannin on the detergent fiber system for sericea lespedeza. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 66 IS 3 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740660311 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PT436 UT WOS:A1994PT43600010 ER PT J AU NEILSON, RP MARKS, D AF NEILSON, RP MARKS, D TI A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF REGIONAL VEGETATION AND HYDROLOGIC SENSITIVITIES FROM CLIMATIC-CHANGE SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOGEOGRAPHY; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; GIS; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; RUNOFF; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; WATER BALANCE; WATER USE EFFICIENCY AB A biogeographic model, MAPSS (Mapped Atmosphere-Plant-Soil System), predicts changes in vegetation leaf area index (LAI), site water balance and runoff, as well as changes in biome boundaries. Potential scenarios of global and regional equilibrium changes in LAI and terrestrial water balance under 2 x CO2 climate from five different general circulation models (GCMs) are presented. Regional patterns of vegetation change and annual runoff are surprisingly consistent among the five GCM scenarios, given the general lack of consistency in predicted changes in regional precipitation patterns. Two factors contribute to the consistency among the GCMs of the regional ecological impacts of climatic change: (1) regional, temperature-induced increase in potential evapo-transpiration (PET) tend to more than offset regional increases in precipitation; and (2) the interplay between the general circulation and the continental margins and mountain ranges produces a fairly stable pattern of regionally specific sensitivity to climatic change. Two areas exhibiting among the greatest sensitivity to drought-induced forest decline are eastern North America and eastern Europe to western Russia. Regional runoff patterns exhibit much greater spatial variation in the sign of the response than do the LAI changes, even though they are deterministically linked in the model. Uncertainties with respect to PET or vegetation water use efficiency calculations can alter the simulated sign of regional responses, but the relative responses of adjacent regions appear to be largely a function of the background climate, rather than the vagaries of the GCMs, and are intrinsic to the landscape. Thus, spatial uncertainty maps can be drawn even under the current generation of GCMs. RP NEILSON, RP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 0 TC 97 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 13 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI KNIVSTA PA APELSINVAGEN 47, S 741 00 KNIVSTA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 5 IS 5 BP 715 EP 730 DI 10.2307/3235885 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA PX873 UT WOS:A1994PX87300009 ER PT J AU RIEDER, E BAXT, B LUBROTH, J MASON, PW AF RIEDER, E BAXT, B LUBROTH, J MASON, PW TI VACCINES PREPARED FROM CHIMERAS OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS (FMDV) INDUCE NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AND PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY TO MULTIPLE SEROTYPES OF FMDV SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; ANTIGENIC SITES; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; CELL ATTACHMENT; 3 SEROTYPES; EPITOPES; TYPE-1; IDENTIFICATION; NUCLEOTIDE; PROTEINS AB The G-H loop of VP1 (residues 132 to 159) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a prominent feature on the virion surface and has an important role in vaccine efficacy, generation of antigenic variants, and cell binding. Using in infectious cDNA of FMDV,we have constructed serotype A viruses in which the G-H loop has been substituted with the homologous sequences from serotype O or C. These chimeric viruses replicated td:high titer and displayed plaque morphologies similar to those of wild-type viruses, demonstrating that the functions provided by the loop can be readily exchanged between serotypes. Monoclonal antibody analyses showed that epitopes contained within the loop were transferred to the chimeras and that epitopes encoded by the type A backbone were maintained. Chemically inactivated vaccines prepared from chimeric viruses induced antibodies in guinea pigs that neutralized both type A and either type O or type C viruses. Swine inoculated with the A/C chimera vaccine also produced cross-reactive antibodies, were protected from challenge with the type A virus, and partially protected against challenge with type C. These studies emphasize the importance of epitopes outside of the G-H loop in protective immunity in swine, which is a natural host of FMDV. RP RIEDER, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, N ATLANT AREA, POB 848, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 68 IS 11 BP 7092 EP 7098 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA PL736 UT WOS:A1994PL73600030 PM 7523697 ER PT J AU LOOMIS, J GONZALEZCABAN, A GREGORY, R AF LOOMIS, J GONZALEZCABAN, A GREGORY, R TI DO REMINDERS OF SUBSTITUTES AND BUDGET CONSTRAINTS INFLUENCE CONTINGENT VALUATION ESTIMATES SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID WELFARE EVALUATIONS; MARKET GOODS AB A test is performed of the recommendation by the NOAA panel on contingent valuation that respondents be reminded about other substitute resources and their budget constraint prior to answering the willingness-to-pay (WTP) question. The context for this experiment is a CVM study of the benefits from reducing fire hazards to old-growth forests in Oregon. The test was performed using two mail surveys that were otherwise identical except for the inclusion of reminder statements prior to the WTP question. The dichotomous choice logit equations were not statistically different between versions and the mean WTP results were identical. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA. RP LOOMIS, J (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 16 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 70 IS 4 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.2307/3146643 PG 8 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PN286 UT WOS:A1994PN28600008 ER PT J AU BROWN, TC AF BROWN, TC TI EXPERIMENTS ON THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY AND WILLINGNESS TO ACCEPT - COMMENT SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Note ID VALUES RP BROWN, TC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 70 IS 4 BP 520 EP 522 DI 10.2307/3146646 PG 3 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PN286 UT WOS:A1994PN28600011 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL SCHULTZ, FJ AF BUCHANAN, RL SCHULTZ, FJ TI COMPARISON OF THE TECRA-VIA KIT, OXOID BCET-RPLA KIT AND CHO CELL-CULTURE ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF BACILLUS-CEREUS DIARRHEAL ENTEROTOXIN SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXIN PRODUCTION; PSYCHROTROPHIC BACILLUS; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; MILK AB Two commercial serological kits (Oxoid BCET-RPLA and Tecra VIA) and a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cytotonicity assay for the detection of Bacillus cereus diarrhoeal enterotoxin were compared. Eleven B. cereus strains and one enterotoxigenic B. thuringiensis strain were evaluated. Both kits and the CHO eel assay yielded positive toxin responses for cell-free culture filtrates from eight out of 11 diarrhoeal enterotoxigenic strains. An emetic enterotoxin producing strain was negative with all three assays. Two B. cereus strains were negative using the BCET-RPLA kit, but positive with the Tecra VIA kit and CHO cell assay. The BCET-RPLA indicated significant levels of enterotoxin after samples were boiled, whereas the CHO cell and Tecra assays were negative. Overall, the cell culture assay was the most sensitive. However, the Tecra VIA kit provided similar results and was better suited for the rapid detection of B. cereus diarrhoeal enterotoxin. RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 MEM LANE,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 19 IS 5 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00473.x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PQ242 UT WOS:A1994PQ24200017 PM 7765448 ER PT J AU BIRKEBAK, TA PALMER, GH DAVIS, WC KNOWLES, DP MCELWAIN, TF AF BIRKEBAK, TA PALMER, GH DAVIS, WC KNOWLES, DP MCELWAIN, TF TI ASSOCIATION OF GP51 EXPRESSION AND PERSISTENT CD5+ B-LYMPHOCYTE EXPANSION WITH LYMPHOMAGENESIS IN BOVINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS INFECTED SHEEP SO LEUKEMIA LA English DT Article ID T-CELL MARKER; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSCRIPTION; RETROVIRUSES; SEQUENCE; REGION; CATTLE; RAS AB Alterations in the circulating CD5+ B-lymphocyte population, in vitro GP51 expression, and in vivo tax/rex expression that may precede lymphomagenesis were characterized prospectively in ten experimentally BLV-infected sheep. Infection with pathogenic BLV resulted in a significant expansion of the circulating CD5+ B-lymphocyte population in six infected sheep. Of the remaining four infected sheep that did not have persistently elevated CD5+ B-lymphocyte counts, three developed lymphoid neoplasia within 14 months post-inoculation. Neoplastic cells from two of these three sheep were CD5- B-lymphocytes, while cells from the third were CD5+ B-lymphocytes. In vitro GP51 expression was a consistent feature of circulating lymphocytes from all three sheep developing tumors, but high level tax/rex gene transcription was not detected in circulating lymphocytes prior to lymphomagenesis. Neither in vitro GP51 expression nor high level tax/rex gene transcription was associated with expansion of the CD5+ B-lymphocyte population in sheep with significantly elevated CD5+ B-lymphocyte counts. These observations indicate that BLV infection in sheep results in expansion of the circulating CD5+ B-lymphocyte population, and that this expansion is not required for the subsequent development of BLV-associated lymphoid neoplasia. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [2T32 AI 07025] NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0887-6924 J9 LEUKEMIA JI Leukemia PD NOV PY 1994 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1890 EP 1899 PG 10 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA PV836 UT WOS:A1994PV83600015 PM 7526091 ER PT J AU ALLEN, CB SAARI, JT AF ALLEN, CB SAARI, JT TI PULMONARY VASCULAR-RESPONSES ARE EXAGGERATED IN ISOLATED LUNGS FROM COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO MEDICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HYPOXIA; ANGIOTENSIN; COPPER; LUNG; VASOACTIVITY ID MEMBRANE; HYPERTENSION; CIRCULATION; INHIBITION; HYPOXIA C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0269-8951 J9 MED SCI RES JI Med. Sci. Res. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 22 IS 11 BP 815 EP 816 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA PV513 UT WOS:A1994PV51300022 ER PT J AU KACHROO, P LEONG, SA CHATTOO, BB AF KACHROO, P LEONG, SA CHATTOO, BB TI POT2, AN INVERTED REPEAT TRANSPOSON FROM THE RICE BLAST FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RICE BLAST; REPETITIVE DNA; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT ID ELEMENT TC1; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; SEQUENCE; FAMILY; DROSOPHILA; RECOMBINATION; GENOME; YEAST AB We report the cloning and characterisation of Pot2, a putative transposable element from Magnaporthe grisea. The element is 1857 bp in size, has 43-bp perfect terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) and 16-bp direct repeats within the TIRs. A large open reading frame, potentially coding for a transposase-like protein, was identified. This putative protein coding region showed extensive identity to that of Fot1, a transposable element from another phytopathogenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. Pot2, like the transposable elements Tc1 and Mariner of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, respectively, duplicates the dinucleotide TA at the target insertion site. Sequence analysis of DNA flanking 12 Pot2 elements revealed similarity to the consensus insertion sequence of Tc1. Pot2 is present at a copy number of approximately 100 per haploid genome and represents one of the major repetitive DNAs shared by both rice and non-rice pathogens of M. grisea. C1 MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIV BARODA,DEPT MICROBIOL,BARODA 390002,GUJARAT,INDIA. MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIV BARODA,CTR BIOTECHNOL,BARODA 390002,GUJARAT,INDIA. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 NR 39 TC 116 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 245 IS 3 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1007/BF00290114 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PU015 UT WOS:A1994PU01500010 PM 7816044 ER PT J AU HALLING, SM BRICKER, BJ AF HALLING, SM BRICKER, BJ TI CHARACTERIZATION AND OCCURRENCE OF 2 REPEATED PALINDROMIC DNA ELEMENTS OF BRUCELLA SPP - BRU-RS1 AND BRU-RS2 SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY REPETITIVE DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; REP SEQUENCES; FAMILY; ACID; GENOME AB Two repeated DNA elements of 103 bp and 105 bp were discovered in brucellae and designated Bru-RS1 and Bru-RS2, respectively. The two elements are palindromic, are 65% similar in sequence, form two families of elements that are slightly divergent in sequence, appear to be intergenic, and are found, collectively, in more than 35 copies in brucellae. These elements are bounded by perfect air nearly perfect inverted repeats. A third copy of the terminal repeat is found within the elements and iel the terminus for several truncated copies of the Bru-RS1 family. Hybridization patterns for the elements among brucellae were unique. The elements are dispersed, highly conserved among brucellae, and hot-spots for insertion by IS711. RP HALLING, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 45 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 14 IS 4 BP 681 EP 689 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01306.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA PU230 UT WOS:A1994PU23000008 PM 7891556 ER PT J AU MCMULLEN, MD JONES, MW SIMCOX, KD LOUIE, R AF MCMULLEN, MD JONES, MW SIMCOX, KD LOUIE, R TI 3 GENETIC-LOCI CONTROL RESISTANCE TO WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS IN THE MAIZE INBRED PA405 SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID PLANT-VIRUSES; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; LINKAGE AB Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), a mite-transmitted potyvirus, infects certain maize inbreds. To identify genes for resistance to WSMV, (Pa405 x Oh28)F-2 plants were inoculated with WSMV and symptom responses observed. In addition to resistant (symptomless) plants, two types of symptomatic plants were noted: plants with generalized mosaic (GM) similar to the symptoms observed on the susceptible inbred Oh28, and plants with dispersed, chlorotic spots and rings (DSR). DNAs pooled from 25 plants with GM symptoms and from 25 plants with DSR symptoms were used to detect linkage to RFLP loci by ''bulked segregant'' analysis. This analysis identified two previously unreported genes for resistance to WSMV, designated wsm2 (chromosome 3 near umc102) and wsm3 (chromosome 10 near umc163), and confirmed the presence of wsm2 on chromosome 6S. RFLP analyses of DNA from individual plants revealed that the plants that exhibited GRP symptoms were homozygous for Oh28 alleles at wsm1, wsm2, and wsm3. Plants that exhibited DSR symptoms were homozygous for Oh28 alleles at wsm1 and wsm2, but were heterozygous or homozygous for the allele from Pa405 at wsm3. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP MCMULLEN, MD (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 18 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 7 IS 6 BP 708 EP 712 DI 10.1094/MPMI-7-0708 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA QA593 UT WOS:A1994QA59300004 ER PT J AU BRUEHL, GW KAISER, WJ KLEIN, RE AF BRUEHL, GW KAISER, WJ KLEIN, RE TI AN ENDOPHYTE OF ACHNATHERUM INEBRIANS, AN INTOXICATING GRASS OF NORTHWEST CHINA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CLAVICIPITACEAE; ENDOPHYTE; INTOXICATION ID HOST ASSOCIATIONS AB A very slow-growing nonsporulating, endophyte of Achnatherum (Stipa) inebrians, a range grass of northwestern China and Mongolia, is the probable cause of the intoxicating effect of this grass upon large grazing animals. It is serologically related to endophytic Acremonium spp., Epichloe typhina, and remotely to Claviceps purpurea, establishing it as a clavicipitaceous fungus. C1 IRRIGAT RES & EXTENS CTR,PROSSER,WA. RP BRUEHL, GW (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,US ARS,WESTERN REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 773 EP 776 DI 10.2307/3760590 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA QF139 UT WOS:A1994QF13900007 ER PT J AU ROGERSON, CT SAMUELS, GJ AF ROGERSON, CT SAMUELS, GJ TI AGARICICOLOUS SPECIES OF HYPOMYCES SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AGARICALES; CLADOBOTRYUM; HYPOCREACEAE; HYPOMYCES; SYSTEMATICS; VERTICILLIUM ID HYPOCREALES AB Thirteen species of Hypomyces occur on gilled fungi. Most are found on members of the Russulaceae; other hosts include Amanita spp., Crepidotus spp., Leptonia strigosissima, and Pholiota sp. Anamorphs have been proven only for the four species, H. armeniacus (Cladobotryum verticillatum), H. odoratus (C. mycophilum), H. succineus (Verticillium succineum comb. nov.), and H. tremellicola (Verticillium sp.). Anamorphs have been putatively linked to H. lateritius (C. tulasnei), H. lithuanicus (C. arnoldii), and H. petchii (Verticillium sp.). C1 USDA,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ROGERSON, CT (reprint author), NEW YORK BOT GARDEN,BRONX,NY 10458, USA. NR 49 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 5 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 86 IS 6 BP 839 EP 866 DI 10.2307/3760597 PG 28 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA QF139 UT WOS:A1994QF13900014 ER PT J AU WIDSTROM, NW MCMILLIAN, WW WILSON, DM RICHARD, JL ZUMMO, N BEAVER, RW AF WIDSTROM, NW MCMILLIAN, WW WILSON, DM RICHARD, JL ZUMMO, N BEAVER, RW TI PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION OF MAIZE INOCULATED WITH ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AND FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE COMPETITION EFFECTS; CORN; INOCULATION; MYCOTOXIN; ZEA MAYS . ID CORN; INTERFERENCE; COMPETITION; INFECTION; KERNELS; NIGER; FUNGI; EARS AB A two-year factorial experiment was utilized to test plants field-inoculated singly and in combination with Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme. Pinbar inoculations were made through the husks with conidial suspensions, and 10-ear maize samples were harvested at 60 days post-silking for aflatoxin determinations. When ears were inoculated with both fungi simultaneously, F. moniliforme reduced aflatoxin formation by A. flavus isolate NRRL 3357 by approximately two-thirds, F. moniliforme had no significant effect on naturally occurring aflatoxin contamination by A. flavus. This may be due to the timing of infection by both fungi in the field. In nature, A. flavus and F. moniliforme respond differently to the environment, offering one explanation of why F. moniliforme did not measurably affect the other fungus. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA. NRRC,PEORIA,IL. NRRC,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS. RP WIDSTROM, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD NOV PY 1994 VL 128 IS 2 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1007/BF01103019 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA QY290 UT WOS:A1994QY29000010 ER PT J AU AMTHOR, JS MITCHELL, RJ RUNION, GB ROGERS, HH PRIOR, SA WOOD, CW AF AMTHOR, JS MITCHELL, RJ RUNION, GB ROGERS, HH PRIOR, SA WOOD, CW TI ENERGY CONTENT, CONSTRUCTION COST AND PHYTOMASS ACCUMULATION OF GLYCINE-MAX (L) MERR AND SORGHUM-BICOLOR (L) MOENCH GROWN IN ELEVATED CO2 IN THE FIELD SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE CARBON DIOXIDE; CONSTRUCTION COST; ENERGY CONTENT; GLYCINE MAX (SOYBEAN); SORGHUM BICOLOR (GRAIN SORGHUM) ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; RESPIRATION; ENRICHMENT; MAINTENANCE; LEAVES; PLANTS; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Grain sorghum [Sorghum] bicolor (L.) Moench, a C-4 crop] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Stonewall, a C-3 crop] plants were grown in ambient (c. 360 mu l l(-1)) and twice-ambient (c. 720 mu l l(-1)) CO2 levels in open-top chambers in soil without root constriction. Plant dry mass, energy content, composition and construction cost (i.e. amount of carbohydrate required to synthesize a unit of plant dry mass) were assessed at the end of the growing season. Elevated CO2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species, (b) had little affect on energy concentration (MJ kg(-1) plant) but caused large increases in the amount of plant energy per ground area (MJ m(-2) ground), and (c) did not alter specific growth cost (kg carbohydrate kg(-1) plant growth) but greatly increased growth cost per ground area (kg carbohydrate m(-2) ground) because growth was enhanced. For soybean, twice-ambient CO2 resulted in a 50 % increase in the amount of nitrogen and energy in grain (seed plus pod) per ground area. This response to elevated CO2 has important implications for agricultural productivity during the next century because the rate of human population growth is exceeding the rate of increase of land used for agriculture so that future food demands can only be met by greater production per ground area. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV GLOBAL CLIMATE RES,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. JOSEPH W JONES ECOL RES CTR,NEWTON,GA 31770. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP AMTHOR, JS (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV HLTH & ECOL ASSESSMENT,L-256,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016 OI Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100 NR 44 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 128 IS 3 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02990.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PX913 UT WOS:A1994PX91300007 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, DE ADAMS, DL AF FERGUSON, DE ADAMS, DL TI EFFECTS OF POCKET GOPHERS, BRACKEN FERN, AND WESTERN CONEFLOWER ON SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF PLANTED CONIFERS SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB This study was part of investigations on the Grand Fir Mosaic Ecosystem in northern Idaho that were undertaken because of poor regeneration success in harvested forests. Lack of regeneration appears to be related to high populations of northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), and western coneflower (Rudbeckia occidentalis). This study quantified the effects of four treatments on survival and growth of planted conifers: unweeded with gophers, weeded with gophers, unweeded without gophers, and weeded without gophers. Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), grand fir (Abies grandis), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) were planted at four study sites. After 3 years, Engelmann spruce and lodgepole pine had the lowest mortality from gophers, whereas grand fir and subalpine fir had the highest mortality. Most mortality caused by gophers occurred during the first summer and the first two winters after planting. Lodgepole pine was the tallest of the four species after 3 years; however, lodgepole pine appears to be susceptible to snow damage. Englemann spruce is the recommended species for planting because of its good growth rate (even when growing with bracken fern and coneflower), low mortality from gophers, and its ability to withstand snowloads and senescing bracken fern. RP FERGUSON, DE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA COOPER PUBLICATIONS BLDG, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 68 IS 4 BP 241 EP 249 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QD110 UT WOS:A1994QD11000002 ER PT J AU FORSMAN, ED OTTO, IA AUBUCHON, D LEWIS, JC SOVERN, SG MAURICE, KJ KAMINSKI, T AF FORSMAN, ED OTTO, IA AUBUCHON, D LEWIS, JC SOVERN, SG MAURICE, KJ KAMINSKI, T TI REPRODUCTIVE CHRONOLOGY OF THE NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL ON THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA, WASHINGTON SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The timing and frequency of breeding by northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington were inferred from seasonal changes in the occurrence of juvenile flying squirrel remains in the pellets of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina). Juvenile flying squirrels were uncommon or absent in the diet of spotted owls except during late August to early November. This suggested that breeding was largely concentrated in late May and early June, and that most females produced only a single litter in years when they bred. Infrequent breeding did occur outside the primary breeding season, as evidenced by the occasional occurrence of juvenile remains in pellets during mid-summer, late fall, and winter. Quantitative information on the population dynamics of flying squirrels and other arboreal mammals is important to our understanding of forest communities in the Pacific Northwest. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA COOPER PUBLICATIONS BLDG, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 68 IS 4 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QD110 UT WOS:A1994QD11000006 ER PT J AU SAARI, JT AF SAARI, JT TI IMPLICATION OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION AS A MODE OF DAMAGE IN DIETARY COPPER DEFICIENCY SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER; GLYCATION; PEROXIDATION; AMINOGUANIDINE ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; FED RATS; AMINOGUANIDINE; CARBOHYDRATE; PROTEINS; GLUCOSE; GLYCATION; SORBITOL; TISSUES AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins (glycation) could be implicated in the defects associated with dietary copper deficiency. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 5 weeks diets that were adequate (5 ppm) or deficient in Cu (similar to 0.5 ppm). Half of each group were given daily intraperitoneal injections of aminoguanidine, which inhibits glycation beyond formation of the Amadori product. Copper deficiency caused cardiac enlargement, anemia, enhanced production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the heart and enhanced percentage of glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1)), Aminoguanidine ameliorated the cardiac enlargement and anemia but had no effect on TBARS production or hemoglobin glycation caused by copper deficiency. The enhanced percentage of Hb A(1) suggests that generalized protein glycation occurs in copper-deficient rats, The higher TBARS production in copper deficiency indicates that the peroxidation reported to be associated with glycation is occurring. The amelioration of cardiac enlargement and anemia of copper deficiency by aminoguanidine suggests that glucose-induced cross linking of proteins and their degradation into advanced glycosylation endproducts may contribute to those defects. RP SAARI, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, GRAND FORKS, ND 58202 USA. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1689 EP 1699 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80324-0 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PP226 UT WOS:A1994PP22600009 ER PT J AU PATINO, S HERRE, EA TYREE, MT AF PATINO, S HERRE, EA TYREE, MT TI PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF FICUS FRUIT TEMPERATURE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SURVIVAL OF POLLINATOR WASP SPECIES - COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY THROUGH AN ENERGY BUDGET APPROACH SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FICUS FRUIT; WASP LETHAL TEMPERATURES; ENERGY BUDGETS; COEVOLUTION; MUTUALISM ID EVOLUTION; FIGS AB Figs are completely dependent for pollen dispersal on species-specific fig-pollinating wasps that develop within developing fig fruits. These wasps are very sensitive to heat and die at temperatures only a few degrees above ambient. Such temperatures are expected and observed in objects exposed to full sunlight, as fig fruits frequently are. In detailed field and experimental studies of 11 species of Panamanian figs with fruit ranging in size from 5 mm to 50 mm in diameter, we found that both the relative and absolute contribution of transpiration to maintaining non-lethal fruit temperatures increased with fruit size. Small and large fruits reached temperatures of 3 and 8-degrees-C, respectively, above air temperature in full sunlight when transpiration was prevented by grease. The temperature reached by large, nontranspiring fruits was sufficient to kill their pollinators. Control fruits which transpired reached temperatures of 2-3-degrees-C above air temperature in sunlight, regardless of size. An analysis of the solar energy budget of fruit revealed that large fruits must transpire to maintain tolerable temperatures for the wasps because heat diffusion from fruit to air was too low to balance net radiation in sunlight. By contrast, small fruits do not need to transpire to maintain tolerable temperatures for the pollinators. C1 US FOREST SERV,705 SPEAR ST,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 1994 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1007/BF00317125 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR645 UT WOS:A1994PR64500002 PM 28307022 ER PT J AU WEINTRAUB, A JONES, G MAGENDZO, A MEACHAM, M KIRBY, M AF WEINTRAUB, A JONES, G MAGENDZO, A MEACHAM, M KIRBY, M TI A HEURISTIC SYSTEM TO SOLVE MIXED-INTEGER FOREST PLANNING-MODELS SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HARVEST AB Implementing forest plans involves decisions regarding the geographic arrangement and timing of management activities, and the design of efficient transportation networks to provide access for these activities. These planning problems have been modeled successfully as mixed integer linear programs. However, these models are difficult to solve with commercial software due to their relatively large number of binary variables. We present a heuristic approach that has solved these problems well. The heuristic rules and a linear programming package interact within a closed system requiring no special user intervention. We describe several applications of this system for decision making in the USDA Forest Service. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,BERKELEY,CA. RP WEINTRAUB, A (reprint author), UNIV CHILE,DEPT IND ENGN,SANTIAGO,CHILE. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPERATIONS RES SOC AMER PI BALTIMORE PA 1314 GUILFORD AVENUE BUSINESS OFFICE, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1010 EP 1024 DI 10.1287/opre.42.6.1010 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA PY505 UT WOS:A1994PY50500003 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, M MARTIN, A SASTRE, J SMITH, D DALLAL, G TAYLOR, A BLUMBERG, J AF MEYDANI, M MARTIN, A SASTRE, J SMITH, D DALLAL, G TAYLOR, A BLUMBERG, J TI DOSE-RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF GALACTOSE-INDUCED CATARACT IN THE RAT SO OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CATARACT GRADE; GALACTOSE ID ALDOSE REDUCTASE; LENS; DEFICIENCY; IONS AB The onset and progression of cataract was investigated in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats fed 10, 15, 20 and 30% dietary galactose (groups 1-4) for 35-226 days. Cataracts were graded on a 0-5 scale. After 226 days, 9% of the rats fed 10% galactose developed lesions beyond the very early stage of cataractogenesis (grade 1). After 154 days 50% of the rats fed 15% galactose developed subcortical cataract (grade 3) with no nuclear cataract. In the rats fed 20% galactose, an initial rapid development by 3 1 days of a grade 3 cataract was observed in 50% of the eyes. Advancement to grade 4 and grade 5 cataract proceeded more slowly; by 207 days, 45% of the eyes had grade 5 cataract. In rats fed 30% galactose, rapid vacuolization and development of nuclear cataracts (grade 5) were observed by day 44. Dietary galactose at levels of 20 and 30% was associated with a significant reduction in weight gain at the early stage of dietary treatment. These observations demonstrate that 10-30% dietary galactose induces cataract in rat lens in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. These data serve to further establish this animal model as a useful model for studying the sequelae of cataractogenesis. C1 UNIV VALENCIA,DEPT PHYSIOL,VALENCIA,SPAIN. RP MEYDANI, M (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY-085-66] NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0030-3747 J9 OPHTHALMIC RES JI Ophthalmic Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 26 IS 6 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA QD159 UT WOS:A1994QD15900007 PM 7715918 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, T MURRELL, KD MARKS, S AF ROBERTS, T MURRELL, KD MARKS, S TI ECONOMIC-LOSSES CAUSED BY FOODBORNE PARASITIC DISEASES SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Review ID CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; CYSTICERCOSIS; ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTIONS AB Fragmentary data indicate that zoonotic parasites cause human illnesses with medical costs and productivity and disability losses totalling billions of dollars annually. Food is an important vehicle for some of these parasitic diseases. The cost to public health is not reflected in the priorities given to these parasitic diseases in either research or public health planning. In this article, Tanya Roberts, Darwin Murrell and Suzanne Marks discuss the cost of toxoplasmosis, taeniasis, cysticercosis, trichinellosis and other food-borne parasitic diseases. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ROBERTS, T (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 33 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(94)90171-6 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PN030 UT WOS:A1994PN03000004 PM 15275523 ER PT J AU MURRELL, KD AF MURRELL, KD TI BEEF AS A SOURCE OF TRICHINOSIS SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Letter RP MURRELL, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 11 BP 434 EP 434 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PN030 UT WOS:A1994PN03000008 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP AF DUBEY, JP TI INTESTINAL AND EXTRAINTESTINAL ISOSPORA-BELLI INFECTION IN AN AIDS PATIENT - CRITICAL COMMENTARY SO PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Note RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49 POSTFACH 72 01 43, D-70577 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0344-0338 J9 PATHOL RES PRACT JI Pathol. Res. Pract. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 190 IS 11 BP 1094 EP 1094 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA PY347 UT WOS:A1994PY34700018 ER PT J AU CLARKE, KC BRASS, JA RIGGAN, PJ AF CLARKE, KC BRASS, JA RIGGAN, PJ TI A CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL OF WILDFIRE PROPAGATION AND EXTINCTION SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PRESCRIBED CHAPARRAL FIRE; EMISSIONS AB We propose a new model to predict the spatial and temporal behavior of wildfires. Fire spread and intensity were simulated using a cellular automaton model. Monte Carlo techniques were used to provide fire risk probabilities for areas where fuel loadings and topography are known. The model assumes predetermined or measurable environmental variables such as wind direction and magnitude, relative humidity, fuel moisture content, and air temperature. Implementation of the model allows the linking of fire monitoring using remotely sensed data, potentially in real time, to rapid simulations of predicted fire behavior. Calibration of the model is based on thermal infrared remotely sensed imagery of a test burn during 1986 in the San Dimas experimental forest. The model and its various implementations show distinct promise for real-time fire management and fire risk planning. C1 CUNY GRAD SCH & UNIV CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10036. NASA,AMES RES CTR,ECOSYST SCI & TECHNOL BRANCH,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. US FOREST SERV,FOREST FIRE LAB,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RP CLARKE, KC (reprint author), CUNY HUNTER COLL,DEPT GEOL & GEOG,695 PK AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10021, USA. RI Clarke, Keith/E-1863-2011 OI Clarke, Keith/0000-0001-5805-6056 NR 25 TC 90 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 60 IS 11 BP 1355 EP 1367 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA PR263 UT WOS:A1994PR26300007 ER PT J AU SICHER, RC KREMER, DF AF SICHER, RC KREMER, DF TI RESPONSES OF NICOTIANA-TABACUM TO CO2 ENRICHMENT AT LOW-PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM; CO2 ENRICHMENT; NICOTIANA TABACUM; PHOTOSYNTHATE PARTITIONING; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; RUBISCO ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE-OXYGENASE; RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; HIGH ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CO2; ANTISENSE RBCS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCLIMATION; GROWTH; LEAVES AB Effects of CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis and on dry matter allocation were examined in two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes, Samsun and W38. Plants were grown from seed in controlled environment chambers at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 450 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). Averaged over the 9 day study, net photosynthesis rates were 14.2 +/- 0.5 and 13.0 +/- 0.4 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) in elevated (70 Pa) and in ambient (35 Pa) CO2 air, respectively, when measured at the irradiance and CO2 partial pressure employed for plant growth. However, photosynthesis rates of plants grown in elevated CO2 were 50% less than those of the ambient controls on the last day of treatment, when measured at 70 Pa CO2 air and an irradiance of 900 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). Total plant dry weight and specific leaf weight were greater (P<0.05) in enriched-CO2-grown than in ambient-CO2-grown plants. Leaf starch, measured during the first hour of the photoperiod, increased over 7 days of treatment in elevated-CO2-grown but not in ambient-CO2-grown plants. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activities of tobacco plants grown at 35 and 70 Pa CO2 air were 58.5 +/- 4.5 and 48.5 +/- 3.7 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), respectively, between days 0 and 9 of the study. Rubisco activation stale, Rubisco protein concentration, soluble protein and total chlorophyll were unaffected by CO2 enrichment. The above findings demonstrated that photosynthesis was down regulated in tobacco plants after 7 to 9 days of CO2 enrichment at low photosynthetic photon flux density, but less than at moderate irradiances. RP SICHER, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 92 IS 3 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PR571 UT WOS:A1994PR57100003 ER PT J AU RANSOM, RF WILDER, J DUNKLE, LD AF RANSOM, RF WILDER, J DUNKLE, LD TI PURIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PATHOTOXIN-ENHANCED PROTEINS IN SORGHUM SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERICONIA-CIRCINATA AB The synthesis of a group of four 16 kDa proteins in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] roots is enhanced by treatment with peritoxin, the host-selective toxin produced by the root rot fungus Periconia circinata (Mangin) Sacc. The proteins were purified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and partially characterized, and their distribution within the sorghum plant and in other plant species was determined. The four proteins were found to be charge isomers indistinguishable by electrophoretic analysis of the products of protease digestion and CNBr cleavage. In Western blots with polyclonal antibodies, the proteins were detected in all organs of mature sorghum plants in quantities that decreased from the roots upward toward the inflorescence. Multiple cross-reacting proteins from 15-21 kDa were also detected in all grass species tested and in some other monocotyledons. None of the dicotyledons analysed contained cross-reacting proteins. The results suggest that the 16 kDa proteins are conserved proteins whose constitutive synthesis is regulated and whose function is important in several plant species, especially grasses. The presence of these proteins in other plant species suggests that they are not the direct cause of disease symptoms and plant cell death in peritoxin-treated sorghum plants. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 45 IS 5 BP 385 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0885-5765(05)80066-9 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PW168 UT WOS:A1994PW16800004 ER PT J AU GARDNER, HW DESJARDINS, AE MCCORMICK, SP WEISLEDER, D AF GARDNER, HW DESJARDINS, AE MCCORMICK, SP WEISLEDER, D TI DETOXIFICATION OF THE POTATO PHYTOALEXIN RISHITIN BY GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GIBBERELLA PULICARIS; FUSARIUM SAMBUCINUM; SOLANUM TUBEROSUM; SOLANACEAE; POTATO; PHYTOALEXIN METABOLISM; RISHITIN; SESQUITERPENE ID IDENTIFICATION; METABOLISM; VIRULENCE; LUBIMIN; TUBERS AB The ability of strains of Gibberella pulicaris to cause dry rot of potato tubers is related to their tolerance of the potato phytoalexin rishitin. All highly virulent strains studied to date have proven tolerant of and able to metabolize rishitin. Here we report that a rishitin-tolerant strain metabolizes the potato phytoalexin rishitin to 13-hydroxyrishitin and 11,12-epoxyrishitin. The identity of the latter compound was confirmed by chemical epoxidation of rishitin. 11,12-Epoxyrishitin has no effect on the growth of a rishitin-sensitive strain and is further metabolized by this strain. This is the first report of a nontoxic fungal metabolite of rishitin. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,ANALYT CHEM SUPPORT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP GARDNER, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 1994 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1005 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89517-5 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA PT208 UT WOS:A1994PT20800014 ER PT J AU COTTY, PJ AF COTTY, PJ TI INFLUENCE OF FIELD APPLICATION OF AN ATOXIGENIC STRAIN OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS ON THE POPULATIONS OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS INFECTING COTTON BOLLS AND ON THE AFLATOXIN CONTENT OF COTTONSEED SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOCOMPETITION; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; POPULATION DISPLACEMENT ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; CONTAMINATION; INOCULATION; MUTANTS; BOLLS; SEED AB An atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus was applied to soils planted with cotton in Yuma, Arizona, to assess the ability of the atoxigenic strain to competitively exclude aflatoxin-producing strains during cotton bell infection and thereby prevent anatoxin contamination of cottonseed. In both 1989 and 1990, the atoxigenic strain displaced other infecting strains during cotton boil development. Displacement was associated with significant reductions in the quantity of aflatoxins contaminating the crop at maturity. Although frequency of infected locules differed between years (1% versus 25%), in both years displacement occurred without increases in the amount of infection as measured by the quantity of locules with bright-green-yellow-fluorescence (BGYF). In the law infection year(1990), locules exhibiting BGYF were analyzed individually for both incidence of the applied strain and anatoxin content. In the high infection year (1989), infected seed from each replicate plot (32 total) were pooled and analyzed for both anatoxin and incidence of the released strain. Results of the latter analyses indicate an inverse relationship (r = 0.71, P < 0.001) between anatoxin content and the percent seed infected by the applied strain. In 1990, quantities of A. flavus on mature crop surfaces did not differ between treated and untreated plots. When reisolated from the infected crop the applied atoxigenic strain retained the atoxigenic phenotype. Most infecting strains belonging to other vegetative compatibility groups did produce detectable quantities of anatoxin BI in liquid fermentation. The applied atoxigenic strain spread from treated plots to untreated controls at different rates in the two years and accounted for 7 and 25% of A. flavus strains isolated from infected locules in untreated control plots in 1990 and 1989, respectively. The results suggest that the anatoxin-producing potential of A. flavus populations associated with crop production can be reduced in order to reduce anatoxin contamination. RP COTTY, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 40 TC 155 Z9 164 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1994 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1270 EP 1277 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-1270 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PU339 UT WOS:A1994PU33900003 ER PT J AU INUKAI, T NELSON, RJ ZEIGLER, RS SARKARUNG, S MACKILL, DJ BONMAN, JM TAKAMURE, I KINOSHITA, T AF INUKAI, T NELSON, RJ ZEIGLER, RS SARKARUNG, S MACKILL, DJ BONMAN, JM TAKAMURE, I KINOSHITA, T TI ALLELISM OF BLAST RESISTANCE GENES IN NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES OF RICE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; INSTABILITY; LINKAGE; MARKERS; FUNGUS; RFLP AB A set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) for rice blast resistance was previously developed in the genetic background of indica rice cultivar CO39. The 22 CO39 NILs carry five blast resistance genes. In this report, allelism between these resistance genes in the CO39 NILs and Kiyosawa's Differential series of cultivars was analyzed. Pi-1(t), carried by the NILs in group I, was closely linked to Pi-k on chromosome 11, with a recombination value of 6.1 +/- 1.7% (standard error [SE]). Pi-2(t), carried by the NILs in group II, was allelic or closely linked to Pi-z on chromosome 6. Pi-3(t), present in the group V NIL, was closely linked to Pi-i, with a recombination value of 7.0 +/- 2.6% SE, Pi-4(a)(t), carried by the NILs in groups III and IV, was allelic or closely linked and possibly identical to Pi-ta on chromosome 12. The NIL in group VI carried Pi-4(a)(t) and a gene with an unknown identity, which was not Pi-4(b)(t). At present, a set of NILs consisting of C10ILAC (Pi-1(t)), C101A51 (Pi-2(t)), C104PKT (Pi-3(t)), C101PKT(Pi-4(a)(t)), and C105TTP-4L23 (Pi-4(a)(t)+Pi-?) is available for use as differentials. C1 INT RICE RES INST,MANILA 1099,PHILIPPINES. MINIST AGR & COOPERAT,IRRI COOPERAT PROJECT,BANGKOK 10900,THAILAND. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. DUPONT CO INC,AGR PROD,NEWARK,DE 19714. RP INUKAI, T (reprint author), HOKKAIDO UNIV,FAC AGR,SAPPORO,HOKKAIDO 060,JAPAN. RI Inukai, Tsuyoshi/B-9652-2013; Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 28 TC 73 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1994 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1278 EP 1283 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-1278 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PU339 UT WOS:A1994PU33900004 ER PT J AU PENNYPACKER, BW KNIEVEL, DP RISIUS, ML LEATH, KT AF PENNYPACKER, BW KNIEVEL, DP RISIUS, ML LEATH, KT TI PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY X-PATHOGEN INTERACTION IN GROWTH OF ALFALFA INFECTED WITH VERTICILLIUM-ALBO-ATRUM SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEDICAGO SATIVA; PHOTOSYNTHETIC STRESS; VERTICILLIUM WILT ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; RESISTANT; WILT; TEMPERATURE; STRESS; LIGHT; YIELD AB Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was manipulated in greenhouse experiments to determine whether carbon assimilation regulated expression of resistance to Verticillium albo-atrum. Treatments were pathogen (V. albo-atrum or no V. albo-atrum), clone (resistant or susceptible), PPFD (100, 70, or 40% of ambient), and time (3 wk). Treatment effects on disease ratings, dry weight of plant parts, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were evaluated weekly. Significant pathogen X PPFD X week interactions were detected in disease rating, plant height, stem dry weight, and aerial biomass, and a pathogen X PPFD interaction was noted in leaf dry weight when data from the resistant clone were analyzed. In all cases, the interactions were caused by the loss of host resistance under 40% PPFD. V. albo-atrum did not affect net photosynthesis or stomatal conductance of the resistant clone, but these parameters were reduced by the 40 and 70% PPFD treatments. Carbon assimilation, therefore, was critical for expression of resistance. The susceptible clone failed to respond to PPFD levels when treated identically to the resistant clone. The inability of the susceptible clone to alter its response to V. albo-atrum is evidence that the defense mechanism under investigation is not simply a constitutive part of all alfalfa plants but is unique to the resistant clone. C1 USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT UNIT,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP PENNYPACKER, BW (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1994 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1350 EP 1358 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-1350 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PU339 UT WOS:A1994PU33900015 ER PT J AU TENNANT, PF GONSALVES, C LING, KS FITCH, M MANSHARDT, R SLIGHTOM, JL GONSALVES, D AF TENNANT, PF GONSALVES, C LING, KS FITCH, M MANSHARDT, R SLIGHTOM, JL GONSALVES, D TI DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION AGAINST PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS ISOLATES IN COAT PROTEIN GENE TRANSGENIC PAPAYA AND CLASSICALLY CROSS-PROTECTED PAPAYA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOSAIC-VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TOBACCO PLANTS; RESISTANCE; POTYVIRUS; INFECTION; STRAINS; MUTANTS; MILD AB Transgenic papaya expressing the coat protein gene of the mild papaya ringspot virus strain from Hawaii (PRV HA 5-1) showed high levels of resistance against the severe PRV HA isolate from Hawaii. Inoculation with high concentrations of the virus, multiple mechanical inoculations, or graft inoculations failed to break the resistance of transgenic papaya. Virus recovery assays from these inoculated plants suggested that virus replication and movement were impaired. Transgenic papaya also showed high levels of resistance against severe PRV isolates recently collected from Hawaii. Similarly, PRV HA 5-1 cross-protected papaya offered high levels of protection against two of the three isolates from Hawaii. However, neither transgenic nor mild strain-infected papaya showed good levels of protection against PRV isolates from 11 other geographical regions that were serologically related to PRV HA 5-1. A range of reactions was observed: complete resistance; delay in symptom development and symptom attenuation with PRV isolates from the Bahamas, Florida, and Mexico; and, a shorter delay in symptom development but no symptom attenuation with isolates from Brazil or Thailand. C1 USDA ARS,AIEA,HI 96701. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT HORT,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UPJOHN CO,MOLEC BIOL RES UNIT 7242,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. RP TENNANT, PF (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 30 TC 85 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1994 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1359 EP 1366 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-1359 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PU339 UT WOS:A1994PU33900016 ER PT J AU RUSH, CM FRENCH, R HEIDEL, GB AF RUSH, CM FRENCH, R HEIDEL, GB TI DIFFERENTIATION OF 2 CLOSELY-RELATED FUROVIRUSES USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW VEIN VIRUS AB Oligonucleotide primers based on published sequence data for beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) were synthesized for use in the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to differentiate beet soilborne mosaic virus (BSBMV) from BNYVV. Primers designed for the 3' end of BNYVV RNA I were effective in PCR amplification of a product of the predicted size, approximately 1,056 bp, from extracts of plants infected by BNYVV. The same primer pair also directed the amplification of a PCR product of approximately 1,000 bp from extracts of plants infected by BSBMV. If extracts from plants infected with BNYVV were mixed with those from plants infected with BSBMV, the primer pair allowed the amplification of only BNYVV. In addition to the slight size difference, the BSBMV product could be distinguished from the BNYVV product by digestion with ThaI, which cleaved the BSBMV product but not the BNYVV product. The BSBMV RT-PCR product was partially sequenced, and primers specific for BSBMV were synthesized. The primers directed the amplification of a PCR product of the predicted size, approximately 691 bp, only with extracts from plants infected by BSBMV. Only one PCR product of the size expected for BSBMV was produced from extracts containing both BSBMV and BNYVV. The BSBMV PCR product obtained with the BSBMV-specific primers could be digested by ThaI. PCR products of similar size were amplified using the BSBMV primers and extracts of several isolates of BSBMV differing in geographic origin and symptom phenotype. C1 USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP RUSH, CM (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1994 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1366 EP 1369 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-1366 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PU339 UT WOS:A1994PU33900017 ER PT J AU ALLEN, W AF ALLEN, W TI ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS AT THE YARMONY PIT HOUSE SITE, EAGLE COUNTY, COLORADO - METCALF,MD, BLACK,KD SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review RP ALLEN, W (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 130,BOZEMAN,MT 59711, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 39 IS 150 BP 493 EP 495 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA PW478 UT WOS:A1994PW47800017 ER PT J AU EMERSHAD, RL RAMMING, DW AF EMERSHAD, RL RAMMING, DW TI SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT FROM IMMATURE ZYGOTIC EMBRYOS OF SEEDLESS GRAPES (VITIS-VINIFERA L) SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CV CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; THOMPSON SEEDLESS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; CULTURE; REGENERATION; TRANSFORMATION; GERMINATION; GRAPEVINES; DORMANCY; HYBRIDS AB Somatic embryo formation occurred from immature zygotic embryos within ovules of stenospermocarpic seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), when cultured for two months on liquid Emershad/Ramming medium. Somatic embryos continued to proliferate after excision and transfer to Emershad/Ramming medium supplemented with 1 mu M benzylaminopurine and 0.65% TC agar. Plant development from somatic embryos was influenced by genotype, medium, phase (liquid, agar), stage (torpedo, mature) and their interactions. Optimal plant development occurred on Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 1.5% sucrose + 1 mu M benzylaminopurine + 0.3% activated charcoal and 0.65% TC agar. RP EMERSHAD, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 38 TC 43 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD NOV PY 1994 VL 14 IS 1 BP 6 EP 12 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PU967 UT WOS:A1994PU96700002 PM 24194218 ER PT J AU SCORZA, R RAVELONANDRO, M CALLAHAN, AM CORDTS, JM FUCHS, M DUNEZ, J GONSALVES, D AF SCORZA, R RAVELONANDRO, M CALLAHAN, AM CORDTS, JM FUCHS, M DUNEZ, J GONSALVES, D TI TRANSGENIC PLUMS (PRUNUS-DOMESTICA L) EXPRESS THE PLUM POX VIRUS COAT PROTEIN GENE SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS; CROSS PROTECTION; SHARKA; TRANSFORMATION; VIRUS RESISTANCE ID T-DNA; MEDIATED RESISTANCE; CAPSID PROTEIN; PLANTS; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSMISSION; REGENERATION; COTYLEDONS; INFECTION; POTYVIRUS AB Plum hypocotyl slices were transformed with the coat protein (CP) gene of plum pox virus (PPV-CP) following cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the plasmid pGA482GG/PPV-CP-33. This binary vector carries the PPV-CP gene construct, as well as the chimeric neomycin phosphotransferase and beta-glucuronidase genes. Integration and expression of the transferred genes into regenerated plum plants was verified through kan resistance, GUS assays, and PCR amplification of the PPV-CP gene. Twenty-two transgenic clones were identified from approximately 1800 hypocotyl slices. DNA, mRNA, and protein analyses of five transgenic plants confirmed the integration of the engineered CP gene, the accumulation of CP mRNA and of PPV-CP-immunoreactive protein. CP mRNA levels ranged from high to undetectable levels, apparently correlated with gene structure, as indicated by DNA blot analysis. Western analysis showed that transgenic plants produced amounts of CP which generally correlated with amounts of detected mRNA. C1 INRA,PATHOL VEGETALE STN,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GENEVA,NY 14456. RP SCORZA, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 43 TC 125 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD NOV PY 1994 VL 14 IS 1 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PU967 UT WOS:A1994PU96700004 PM 24194220 ER PT J AU ROELFS, AP HUERTAESPINO, J AF ROELFS, AP HUERTAESPINO, J TI SEEDLING RESISTANCE IN HORDEUM TO BARLEY STRIPE RUST FROM TEXAS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Stripe rust of barley was recently found in Texas, and the pathogen has been reported to be virulent to U.S. barley cultivars. The stripe rust isolate collected in Texas was used to evaluate the resistance of barley cultivars, germ plasm, and other Hordeum species. Limited sources of resistance were found; most were from two of the five primary barley-growing areas. The resistance traces to Czechoslovakia and Ethiopia land cultivars and to the cultivar Derr Winter of unknown origin. The U.S. cultivars with seedling resistance were Barsoy, Betzes, Boxer, Clayton, Compana, Custer, Hazen, Hudson, Kamiak, Kenate, Keowee, Maury, Norbert, and Vanguard. These cultivars represent a range of types that could be a starting point in breeding for resistance. No resistance was found in the economically valuable six-row spring malting type of the north central states. The two most common wild barleys of the Great Plains, H. jubatum and H. pusillum, were both susceptible to the stripe rust culture used; neither is likely to be a host during the non-crop-growing season. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP ROELFS, AP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1046 EP 1049 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT653 UT WOS:A1994PT65300005 ER PT J AU HOY, JW GRISHAM, MP AF HOY, JW GRISHAM, MP TI SUGARCANE LEAF SCALD DISTRIBUTION, SYMPTOMATOLOGY, AND EFFECT ON YIELD IN LOUISIANA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Sugarcane leaf scald, caused by Xanthomonas albilineans, was first observed in Louisiana in November 1992. During 1993, surveys were conducted to determine the geographic distribution of the disease and which cultivars were affected. Symptomatology was monitored in fields with diseased plants, and the effect on yield was studied. Leaf scald was detected in commercial fields of five of seven commercial cultivars. The number of fields of cultivars CP 70-321, CP 72-370, and LHo 83-153 affected and the incidence of plants within fields were low. A greater number of affected fields and higher disease incidence within fields were observed for cultivars CP 74-383 and LCP 82-89. The number of affected fields and the incidence of symptomatic plants were highest in areas located near the Gulf of Mexico, over which a severe hurricane passed during August 1992. Leaf scald was detected in numerous clones at the USDA-ARS research farm near Houma, Louisiana; and the disease was detected in yield trials and increase plots associated with the cultivar selection and release programs. Leaf scald was detected in both commercial and cultivar development plantings at a total of 46 sites in 12 of 18 parishes in which sugarcane is grown. Symptoms were present throughout the growing season. Leaf symptoms included bleaching; characteristic narrow, white pencil lines; and necrosis. Shoot and young stalk death and the development of symptomatic shoots from axillary buds of mature stalks also were observed. At one location, high disease incidence and drought stress in CP 74-383 resulted in extensive plant death and severe losses. Disease incidence, quantified as the number of symptomatic shoots or plants, was inversely correlated with yield in one of four fields. Stalk surcose content was lower in symptomatic compared to asymptomatic stalks in all four fields; and juice purity, fiber content, and stalk weight were lower in three, two, and one field, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,US SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70361. RP HOY, JW (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & CROP PHYSIOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1083 EP 1087 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT653 UT WOS:A1994PT65300014 ER PT J AU GOURMET, C HEWINGS, AD KOLB, FL SMYTH, CA AF GOURMET, C HEWINGS, AD KOLB, FL SMYTH, CA TI EFFECT OF IMIDACLOPRID ON NONFLIGHT MOVEMENT OF RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI AND THE SUBSEQUENT SPREAD OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYZUS-PERSICAE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INSECTICIDE; DELTAMETHRIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OAT AB The bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) is an important vector of the barley yellow dwarf luteovirus, BYDV-PAV-IL. Insecticides used to reduce the abundance of the vector on small grains can result in an increase in aphid activity and a subsequent increase in disease incidence. The transmission characteristics of viruliferous wingless (nymphs and apterous adults) R. padi after access to oats treated with different rates of imidacloprid, a seed-treatment insecticide, were compared. After access to treated plants, aphid fecundity was reduced and aphids walked and fed atypically and often abandoned the host plant. The spread of BYDV from a focus of infestation to individual imidacloprid-treated oats planted in a grid was followed by observation of symptoms and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Aphids transmitted the virus to both treated and untreated plants, but the percentage of infected insecticide-treated seedlings was one-half that of untreated seedlings. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA ARS, CROP PROTECT RES UNIT, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP GOURMET, C (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT AGRON, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1098 EP 1101 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT653 UT WOS:A1994PT65300018 ER PT J AU SILK, GW MATTHEWS, BF SOMERS, DA GENGENBACH, BG AF SILK, GW MATTHEWS, BF SOMERS, DA GENGENBACH, BG TI CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF THE SOYBEAN DAPA GENE ENCODING DIHYDRODIPICOLINATE SYNTHASE SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE DAPA; DIHYDRODIPICOLINATE SYNTHASE; GLYCINE MAX; LYSINE; SOYBEAN ID NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; LYSINE; PURIFICATION; PATHWAY; ENZYME; MAIZE AB The rate-limiting step in the pathway for lysine synthesis in plants is catalyzed by the enzyme dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DS). We have cloned the portion of the soybean (Glycine max cv. Century) DapA cDNA that encodes the mature DS protein. Expression of the cloned soybean cDNA as a lacZ fusion protein was selected in a dapA(-) Escherichia coli auxotroph. The DS activity of the fusion protein was characterized in E. coli extracts. The DS activity of the fusion protein was inhibited by lysine concentrations that also inhibited native soybean DS, while E. coli DS activity was much less sensitive to inhibition by lysine. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SILK, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,ROOM 118 BLDG 006,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 989 EP 993 DI 10.1007/BF00028865 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA PW969 UT WOS:A1994PW96900018 PM 8000011 ER PT J AU TAKIMOTO, I CHRISTENSEN, AH QUAIL, PH UCHIMIYA, H TOKI, S AF TAKIMOTO, I CHRISTENSEN, AH QUAIL, PH UCHIMIYA, H TOKI, S TI NONSYSTEMIC EXPRESSION OF A STRESS-RESPONSIVE MAIZE POLYUBIQUITIN GENE (UBI-1) IN TRANSGENIC RICE PLANTS SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE CELL CYCLE; MAIZE; NONSYSTEMIC EXPRESSION; POLYUBIQUITIN GENE; STRESS RESPONSE ID UBIQUITIN GENES; PROMOTER; PLASMID; FUSION; DNA AB We have used the promoter, 1st exon and 1st intron of the maize polyubiquitin gene (Ubi-1) for rice transformation experiments and revealed the characteristic expression of Ubi-1 gene: (1) Ubi-1 gene is not regulated systemically but rather individual cells respond independently to the heat or physical stress; (2) Ubi-1 gene changes its tissue-specific expression in response to stress treatment; (3) the expression of Ubi-1 gene is dependent on cell cycle. C1 NATL INST AGROBIOL RESOURCES,DEPT CELL BIOL,CELL GENET LAB,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. HOKKAIDO UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT BIOL SCI,SAPPORO,HOKKAIDO 060,JAPAN. GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV TOKYO,INST MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOSCI,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. NR 18 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 1007 EP 1012 DI 10.1007/BF00028868 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA PW969 UT WOS:A1994PW96900021 PM 7999991 ER PT J AU KINLAW, CS GERTTULA, SM CARTER, MC AF KINLAW, CS GERTTULA, SM CARTER, MC TI LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN GENES OF LOBLOLLY-PINE ARE MEMBERS OF A COMPLEX GENE FAMILY SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE CDNA; GENE FAMILIES; LOBLOLLY PINE (PINUS TAEDA L); NONSPECIFIC LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN ID PHOSPHOLIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; CDNA; SEQUENCE AB A loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) cDNA with properties of a nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsltp) is reported. In contrast to simple family structures reported for a variety of angiosperm nsltp genes, the putative pine nsltp gene is a member of a complex family. RP KINLAW, CS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,INST FOREST GENET,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1213 EP 1216 DI 10.1007/BF00040702 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA PZ666 UT WOS:A1994PZ66600018 PM 7811979 ER PT J AU KAISER, WM HUBER, SC AF KAISER, WM HUBER, SC TI POSTTRANSLATIONAL REGULATION OF NITRATE REDUCTASE IN HIGHER-PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE ACTIVITIES; LIGHT-DARK MODULATION; RAPID MODULATION; SPINACH LEAVES; PROTEIN-KINASE; SUCROSE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACTIVATION; ROOTS C1 USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP KAISER, WM (reprint author), UNIV WURZBURG,JULIUS VON SACHS INST BIOWISSENSCH,MITTLERER DALLENBERGWEG 64,D-97082 WURZBURG,GERMANY. NR 25 TC 153 Z9 162 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 817 EP 821 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT654 UT WOS:A1994PT65400001 ER PT J AU AVNI, A BAILEY, BA MATTOO, AK ANDERSON, JD AF AVNI, A BAILEY, BA MATTOO, AK ANDERSON, JD TI INDUCTION OF ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS IN NICOTIANA-TABACUM BY A TRICHODERMA-VIRIDE XYLANASE IS CORRELATED TO THE ACCUMULATION OF 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID (ACC) SYNTHASE AND ACC OXIDASE TRANSCRIPTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID L CV XANTHI; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TOBACCO-LEAVES; HIGHER-PLANTS; TOMATO CELLS; ELICITOR; ENDOXYLANASE; GENES; PURIFICATION AB Xylanase (EIX) from the fungus Trichoderma viride elicits ethylene biosynthesis in leaf tissues of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi but not in cv Hicks. The increase in ethylene biosynthesis is accompanied by an accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), an increase in extractable ACC synthase activity, and increases in ACC synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts. Priming of leaves with ethylene (120 mu L/L, 14 h) sensitizes the tissue, resulting in an enhanced response to EIX and increases in both the in vivo ACC oxidase activity and ACC oxidase transcript level. EIX and ethylene independently induce ACC oxidase. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by aminoethoxyvinylglycine is not accompanied by a reduction in ACC oxidase transcript level, indicating that ethylene biosynthesis is not required. In contrast to the differential induction of ethylene biosynthesis by EIX in Xanthi versus Hicks cultivars, both cultivars respond to a chemical stress (induced by CUSO4) by enhancing ethylene production. This induction is accompanied by an increase in ACC synthase transcript but not in that of ACC oxidase. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 46 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1049 EP 1055 DI 10.1104/pp.106.3.1049 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT654 UT WOS:A1994PT65400027 PM 7824643 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK TANAKA, T DUKE, SO PORTER, JK WRAY, EM HODGES, L SESSIONS, AE WANG, E MERRILL, AH RILEY, RT AF ABBAS, HK TANAKA, T DUKE, SO PORTER, JK WRAY, EM HODGES, L SESSIONS, AE WANG, E MERRILL, AH RILEY, RT TI FUMONISIN-INDUCED AND AAL-TOXIN-INDUCED DISRUPTION OF SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM WITH ACCUMULATION OF FREE SPHINGOID BASES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; L-CV PUMA; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; COMPLEX SPHINGOLIPIDS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPHINGANINE; MYCOTOXINS; PHYTOTOXICITY; INHIBITION AB Fumonisins (FB) and AAL-toxin are sphingoid-like compounds produced by several species of fungi associated with plant diseases. In animal cells, both fumonisins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and AAL-toxin produced by Alternaria alternate f. sp. lycopersici inhibit ceramide synthesis, an early biochemical event in the animal diseases associated with consumption of F. moniliforme-contaminated corn. In duckweed (Lemna pausicostata Heglem. 6746), tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), and tobacco callus (Nicotiana tabacum cv Wisconsin), pure FB1 or AAL-toxin caused a marked elevation of phytosphingosine and sphinganine, sphingoid bases normally present in low concentrations. The relative increases were quite different in the three plant systems. Nonetheless, disruption of sphingolipid metabolism was clearly a common feature in plants exposed to FB1 or AAL-toxin. Resistant varieties of tomato (Asc/Asc) were much less sensitive to toxin-induced increases in free sphinganine. Because free sphingoid bases are precursors to plant ''ceramides,'' their accumulation suggests that the primary biochemical lesion is inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis and reacylation of free sphingoid bases. Thus, in plants the disease symptoms associated with A. alternate and F. moniliforme infection may be due to disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. C1 USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30604. USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. UBE IND LTD,UBE,YAMAGUCHI,JAPAN. AGNES SCOTT COLL,DEPT CHEM,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 33 TC 169 Z9 176 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1085 EP 1093 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT654 UT WOS:A1994PT65400031 ER PT J AU LAZOF, DB GOLDSMITH, JG RUFTY, TW LINTON, RW AF LAZOF, DB GOLDSMITH, JG RUFTY, TW LINTON, RW TI RAPID UPTAKE OF ALUMINUM INTO CELLS OF INTACT SOYBEAN ROOT-TIPS - A MICROANALYTICAL STUDY USING SECONDARY-ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; WHEAT ROOTS; SENSITIVE CULTIVARS; EXCISED ROOTS; TOXICITY; TOLERANT; MECHANISMS; KINETICS; CALCIUM AB A wide range of physiological disorders has been reported within the first few hours of exposing intact plant roots to moderate levels of Al3+. Past microanalytic studies, largely limited to electron probe x-ray microanalysis, have been unable to detect intracellular Al in this time frame. This has led to the suggestion that Al exerts its effect solely from extracellular or remote tissue sites. Here, freezedried cryosections (10 mu m thick) collected from the soybean (Glycine max) primary root tip (0.3-0.8 mm from the apex) were analyzed using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The high sensitivity of SIMS for Al permitted the first direct evidence of early entry of Al into root cells. Al was found in cells of the root tip after a 30-min exposure of intact roots to 38 mu M Al3+. The accumulation of Al was greatest in the first 30 mu m, i.e. two to three cell layers, but elevated Al levels extended at least 150 mu m inward from the root edge. Intracellular Al concentrations at the root periphery were estimated to be about 70 nmol g(-1) fresh weight. After 18 h of exposure, Al was evident throughout the root cross-section, although the rate of accumulation had slowed considerably from that during the initial 30 min. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that early effects of Al toxicity at the root apex, such as those on cell division, cell extension, or nutrient transport, involve the direct intervention of Al on cell function. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT CHEM CB3290, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. RP LAZOF, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 1168, OXFORD, NC 27565 USA. NR 36 TC 122 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1107 EP 1114 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT654 UT WOS:A1994PT65400034 ER PT J AU TURLEY, RB FERGUSON, DL MEREDITH, WR AF TURLEY, RB FERGUSON, DL MEREDITH, WR TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CDNA-ENCODING RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN-S16 FROM COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID MOLECULAR-CLONING RP TURLEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1219 EP 1220 DI 10.1104/pp.106.3.1219 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PT654 UT WOS:A1994PT65400050 PM 7824648 ER PT J AU GASPARICH, GE HACKETT, KJ AF GASPARICH, GE HACKETT, KJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A CRYPTIC EXTRACHROMOSOMAL ELEMENT ISOLATED FROM THE MOLLICUTE SPIROPLASMA TAIWANENSE SO PLASMID LA English DT Note AB Characterization of an extrachromosomal element from an organism in the genus Spiroplasma is likely to be an essential step in the development of cloning vectors which replicate in these organisms. A restriction map for an 11-kb element, designated pCT-1, isolated from Spiroplasma taiwanense strain CT-1 (ATCC 43302) has been constructed using the restriction enzymes BglII, EcoRI, HincII, HindIII, HpaI, PstI, and XbaI. This element is distinct from any previously characterized spiroplasma virus or plasmid. pCT-1 has been cloned into the Escherichia coli vector pBR322 as a step in the development of a biphasic shuttle vector system. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. RP GASPARICH, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 3 BP 342 EP 343 DI 10.1006/plas.1994.1075 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA PW745 UT WOS:A1994PW74500013 PM 7899521 ER PT J AU LILLEHOJ, HS SASAI, K MATSUDA, H AF LILLEHOJ, HS SASAI, K MATSUDA, H TI DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHICKEN-CHICKEN B-CELL HYBRIDOMAS SECRETING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES THAT DETECT SPOROZOITE AND MEROZOITE ANTIGENS OF EIMERIA SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; CHICKEN B CELL HYBRIDOMA; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; COCCIDIA; EIMERIA ID TENELLA; IDENTIFICATION AB Chicken-chicken B cell hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (mAb) detecting antigens located at the anterior tip of the sporozoites of Eimeria acervulina have been produced. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from chickens infected with E. acervulina were fused with a thymidine-kinase deficient (TK-) chicken B cell line. Hybridomas secreting mAb binding to the sporozoite antigens of E. acervulina were selected using an ELISA. Two stable hybridomas, whose mAb were designated as P11 and P66, respectively, were obtained and their binding characteristics were assessed. The mAb P11 detects the sporozoite but not the merozoite antigens of E. acervulina and Eimeria tenella. The P66 mAb recognizes a cross-reactive antigen of sporozoite and merozoite of E. acervulina but not E. tenella. Flow cytometric analysis of the hybridomas secreting the P11 and P66 mAb showed expression of surface IgM and IgG, respectively. Western blot analysis under reducing conditions showed that mAb P11 recognized a sporozoite protein of 43 kDa. Both mAb recognized antigens located at the anterior end of the sporozoites by indirect immunofluorescence staining. This study shows the development of chicken B cell hybridomas that secrete coccidia-specific mAb. C1 HIROSHIMA UNIV,FAC APPL BIOL SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL & HYG,HIROSHIMA 724,JAPAN. RP LILLEHOJ, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1685 EP 1693 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PN741 UT WOS:A1994PN74100008 PM 7862608 ER PT J AU BENGSTON, DN AF BENGSTON, DN TI CHANGING FOREST VALUES AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; FOREST VALUES; METHODOLOGICAL PLURALISM; MULTIDIMENSIONALITY; NEW FORESTRY ID EVALUATING NATURAL AREAS; ENVIRONMENTAL PARADIGM; CRITERIA; SERVICE; QUALITY; ETHICS AB There is substantial evidence that we are currently in a period of rapid and significant change in forest values. Some have charged that managing forests in ways that are responsive to diverse and changing forest values is the main challenge faced by public forest managers. To tackle this challenge, we need to address the following questions: (1) What is the nature of forest values? That is, can all forest values be reduced to a single dimension, as assumed in utilitarian-based traditional forestry and economics, or are these values multidimensional and incommensurate? (2) What specific values are involved? (3) What is the structure of forest values? That is, how are they related to each other in value systems? (4) How and why have forest values changed over time? and (5) What do changing forest values imply for ecosystem management approaches? This article discusses key issues related to these questions. RP BENGSTON, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 104 TC 157 Z9 164 U1 6 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 7 IS 6 BP 515 EP 533 DI 10.1080/08941929409380885 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA PU453 UT WOS:A1994PU45300001 ER PT J AU HETHERINGTON, J DANIEL, TC BROWN, TC AF HETHERINGTON, J DANIEL, TC BROWN, TC TI ANYTHING GOES MEANS EVERYTHING STAYS - THE PERILS OF UNCRITICAL PLURALISM IN THE STUDY OF ECOSYSTEM VALUES SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE CRITICAL MULTIPLISM; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM VALUES; ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC POLICY; PREFERENCES AB There are two essential questions that need to be addressed by both social science researchers and public land managers: (1) What values do people assign to forest ecosystems? and (2) What is the best research strategy for understanding those values? To answer the first question, a number of contemporary definitions of value are considered, and a human preference-based definition is advocated as the most appropriate for scientific inquiry and for guiding public environmental policy. To answer the second question, the strategies of methodological pluralism and critical multiplism are compared. Methodological pluralism risks equating opinion and fact. Critical multiplism, it is argued, provides the best strategy for understanding the multifaceted values people assign to forests. The combination of the public-preference-based definition and the critical multiplism strategy offers the best opportunity for the development of forest ecosystem management policies that balance facts (i.e., biophysical functions) with values (i.e., human preferences). C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PSYCHOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 7 IS 6 BP 535 EP 546 DI 10.1080/08941929409380886 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA PU453 UT WOS:A1994PU45300002 ER PT J AU BENGSTON, DN AF BENGSTON, DN TI REPLY FROM A NEIGHBORING VILLAGE SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID PLURALISM RP BENGSTON, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 7 IS 6 BP 547 EP 550 DI 10.1080/08941929409380887 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA PU453 UT WOS:A1994PU45300003 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, GS JUNGBAUER, JD BIDLAKE, WR HUNGERFORD, RD AF CAMPBELL, GS JUNGBAUER, JD BIDLAKE, WR HUNGERFORD, RD TI PREDICTING THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SOIL THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Simulation of soil temperatures under forest and range fires requires reliable estimates of soil thermal properties over a range of temperatures from ambient to about 600-degrees-C. We measured thermal conductivity of soil samples differing in texture, bulk density, water content, and temperature and then fit the results with a modification of the de Vries equation. Thermal conductivity increases dramatically with temperature in moist soil, reaching values 3 to 5 times the ambient value at 90-degrees-C. The modified de Vries theory agreed well with data at low temperature, and provided an upper boundary for measurements at higher temperatures. Only four parameters are required to specify thermal conductivity as a function of bulk density, temperature, and water content: thermal conductivity of the mineral fraction, water content at which liquid flow becomes limiting, a power for the liquid flow function, and a shape factor. Adequate estimates of the conductivity of the mineral fraction can be obtained from handbooks if the soil mineralogy is known, and the water content for liquid return flow can be predicted from soil texture. The other two parameters show a fairly narrow range of variation and can probably be estimated with sufficient accuracy for most simulation purposes. C1 USDI,USGS,TACOMA,WA 98402. USFS INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807. RP CAMPBELL, GS (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 8 TC 127 Z9 139 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 158 IS 5 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1097/00010694-199411000-00001 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PW018 UT WOS:A1994PW01800001 ER PT J AU GASTON, LA LOCKE, MA AF GASTON, LA LOCKE, MA TI PREDICTING ALACHLOR MOBILITY USING BATCH SORPTION KINETIC DATA SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION; CONCEPTUAL MODELS; SOLUTE TRANSFER; MASS-TRANSFER; SOIL COLUMNS; TRANSPORT; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; PESTICIDES AB The ability to accurately predict the mobility of a soil-applied herbicide is important to product registration and recommendations for environmentally safe use. Commonly, mobility is affected by time-dependent sorption processes. Parameters for such nonequilibrium sorption may be conveniently determined from batch kinetic studies; however, applicability of these parameters for subsequent use in transport modeling must be verified. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine whether batch kinetic data were appropriate for predicting nonequilibrium sorption during alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetamide] transport in Dundee silt loam soil. Batch (solution and extraction) data previously generated in this laboratory were used to determine sorption parameters for two- or three-site equilibrium/kinetic sorption models. Predictions of alachlor mobility generated from the corresponding transport models were then compared with miscible displacement data. Use of sorption parameters determined from batch solution data alone resulted in only qualitative predictions of alachlor movement. However, more accurate predictions were obtained if sorption parameters were based on both soil extraction and soil solution data. RP GASTON, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 158 IS 5 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1097/00010694-199411000-00006 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PW018 UT WOS:A1994PW01800006 ER PT J AU EVETT, SR MATTHIAS, AD WARRICK, AW AF EVETT, SR MATTHIAS, AD WARRICK, AW TI ENERGY-BALANCE MODEL OF SPATIALLY-VARIABLE EVAPORATION FROM BARE SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AB Most models of evaporation (E) provide estimates at one rather than many locations and thus cannot be used to describe the spatial variability of evaporation. An energy balance model (EBM) that estimates E at many locations was tested, improved, and validated, using daily evaporation measurements made with microlysimeters, giving an r(2) value of 0.82 for regression of actual vs. estimated evaporation. The model is based on the surface energy balances of dry and drying soil. Data needed include only wind speed and soil surface temperature measurements obtained at a suitably small time interval (e.g., 0.5 h) with an automated weather station and reference dry soil at one location, and measurements of predawn and midday soil surface temperature made with a hand-held infrared thermometer at as many locations as desired for evaporation prediction. The reference dry soil was established in a plastic bucket buried in the soil and protected from rain and irrigation. Model improvements included an easy method of accurately estimating continuous soil surface temperature at many points in a field. Also, an empirically fitted transfer coefficient function for the sensible heat flux from the reference dry soil showed that sensible heat flux from the relatively hot reference dry soil was dominated by free convection. Soil heat flux and reflected shortwave radiation terms are omitted in the EBM and this was shown to reduce model accuracy by as much as 9.2% of the measured evaporation. The model may prove useful for prediction of spatial variability of evaporation based on soil surface temperatures. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP EVETT, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1604 EP 1611 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PT174 UT WOS:A1994PT17400003 ER PT J AU NEARING, MA PARKER, SC AF NEARING, MA PARKER, SC TI DETACHMENT OF SOIL BY FLOWING WATER UNDER TURBULENT AND LAMINAR CONDITIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Fluid turbulence of water flowing over soil surfaces imparts instantaneous and localized levels of shear stress to the fluid-solid interface that are much greater than the average shear stress of how. it has been hypothesized that these high levels of instantaneous shear are the driving mechanism for detachment of cohesive soil by flowing water. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that detachment of soil by flowing water at a given shear stress is dependent on turbulence. Detachment rates of three soils were measured in a hydraulic flume at seven combinations of flow depth and bed slope under both turbulent and laminar how conditions. For all soils and all slope/depth treatments, detachment was dramatically greater for the turbulent case compared with the laminar ease. Detachment that occurred under laminar how conditions was thought to be due in part to localized turbulence associated with pitting of some of the samples. RP NEARING, MA (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,1196 SOIL BLDG,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 5 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1612 EP 1614 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PT174 UT WOS:A1994PT17400004 ER PT J AU BARRIUSO, E LAIRD, DA KOSKINEN, WC DOWDY, RH AF BARRIUSO, E LAIRD, DA KOSKINEN, WC DOWDY, RH TI ATRAZINE DESORPTION FROM SMECTITES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NA-MONTMORILLONITE; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; WATER SYSTEMS; SORPTION; SOIL; ADSORPTION; MOVEMENT; 2,4,5-T; GROUNDWATER; HYSTERESIS AB In soils low in organic matter, pesticide adsorption and desorption by clay minerals may strongly influence the fate of pesticides in soil environments. Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) adsorption-desorption was determined on 11 reference smectites (<2-mu m size fraction), and a soil smectite (<0.02-mu m size fraction from the Ap horizon of a fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll). For each clay sample, adsorption and desorption isotherms were determined using batch equilibration. Atrazine adsorption on the clays decreased with increasing surface change density (SCD) of the smectites. The desorption isotherms indicated that adsorption was generally reversible. This suggests that atrazine is primarily adsorbed on smectite surfaces through relatively weak van der Waals or H bonds. However, a small positive hysteresis was observed with some clays, and the magnitude of the hysteresis, evaluated using the ratio of the Freundlich isotherm coefficients for adsorption and desorption, increased with SCD. This suggests that atrazine is retained by stronger binding mechanisms on smectites with high SCD, in spite of its lower adsorption capacity. On clays with high atrazine adsorption coefficients, the amount of atrazine desorbed was larger than would be predicted from the adsorption isotherms, resulting in a ''negative hysteresis'' whereby the desorption isotherm slope was greater than the adsorption isotherm slope. ''Negative hysteresis'' can be explained if atrazine is assumed to be excluded from interlayer or intraquasi-crystal water, where only external or interquasi-crystal water would be available during the desorption process. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP BARRIUSO, E (reprint author), INRA,SOLS LAB,F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON,FRANCE. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 36 TC 159 Z9 182 U1 9 U2 35 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1632 EP 1638 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PT174 UT WOS:A1994PT17400008 ER PT J AU DOTY, JA KENNEDY, AC PAN, WL AF DOTY, JA KENNEDY, AC PAN, WL TI RAPID BIOASSAY FOR INHIBITORY RHIZOBACTERIA USING DIGITAL IMAGE-ANALYSIS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROOT ELONGATION; WHEAT; GROWTH; PSEUDOMONADS; TOXICITY AB Current methods for assaying the potential effects of rhizobacteria on plant growth are tedious and time consuming. A rapid, automated bioassay has been developed using a flatbed scanner and digital image analysis. Comparisons were made between manual measurements of root length and computed values based on an edge discrimination image analysis procedure. The assay consisted of bacterial cultures or filtrates added to 18 mt of 0.9% agar in square petri plates. Seeds were planted along a marked axis and incubated for 4 d at 15 degrees C, and then the roots were measured. Total root length measurements for the two methods, manual and image analysis, were well correlated (r(2) = 0.94), and both were equally able to identify bacteria inhibitory to plant growth. Root measurements by the scan method were five times faster than the manual method. Each sample required 53 s to read with the scan method vs. 250 s with the manual method. The scan method provides a quick and accurate method for screening inhibitory activity of rhizobacteria based on seedling root length and has potential in the screening of toxic substances of other origin. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. UNIV MAINE,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,FARMINGTON,ME 04938. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1699 EP 1701 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PT174 UT WOS:A1994PT17400017 ER PT J AU LAURENT, TE GRAHAM, RC TICE, KR AF LAURENT, TE GRAHAM, RC TICE, KR TI SOILS OF THE RED FIR FOREST-BARRENS MOSAIC, SISKIYOU MOUNTAINS CREST, CALIFORNIA SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA AB In the crest areas of northern California and southern Oregon mountains, Shasta red hr (Abies magnifica var. shastensis Lemmon) forests are often interspersed with irregularly shaped, 0.1- to 50-ha openings that contain only sparse prostrate forbs and sub-shrubs amid mostly bare and gravel-paved soil. We investigated these forest-barrens associations to determine if soil differences could help explain the cause of the barrens. While the soils (Xerumbrepts) are morphologically similar in many respects, burrowing by abundant pocket gophers (Thomomys sp.) in the barrens produced thicker umbric epipedons than in the forests, where pocket gophers are absent. The only significant soil chemical differences detected between sites were loner concentrations of Ca and Mg in the barrens surface soils. In contrast, base cations accumulate in the forest A horizons as a result of biocycling. While the origin of the barrens remains unknown, herbivory by pocket gophers is a major factor in maintaining the barren conditions and their activity ultimately accounts for most soil chemical and morphological differences. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP LAURENT, TE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,KLAMATH NATL FOREST,1312 FAIRLANE RD,YREKA,CA 96097, USA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1747 EP 1752 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PT174 UT WOS:A1994PT17400024 ER PT J AU LEBRON, I SUAREZ, DL ALBERTO, F AF LEBRON, I SUAREZ, DL ALBERTO, F TI STABILITY OF A CALCAREOUS SALINE-SODIC SOIL DURING RECLAMATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CALCIUM MONTMORILLONITE; CLAY DISPERSION; PH; FLOCCULATION; CARBONATE; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB General guidelines to reclaim saline or sodic soils do not adequately consider variables such as pH and the presence of organic matter that are known to affect soil stability. Poor structural stability of sodic, saline-sodic, and high-pa soils adversely influences crop yields; promotes piping, tunneling, and slope erosion; and can accelerate the failure of water conveyance systems. We evaluated six soil tests, used to measure physico-chemical properties, for their suitability to evaluate the structural stability of a calcareous, saline-sodic soil under reclamation. The stability tests were wilting point, plastic limit, coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE(rod)), water content at 0.03 MPa, liquid limit, and dispersion index. The range of electrical conductivity (EC) studied was 0.5 to 20 dS m(-1), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 0 to 400 (mmol L(-1))(0.5), and pH 8.4 to 10.5. The results obtained indicate that the amount of water necessary for a soil to how under standard conditions for the liquid limit test decreased an average of 25% when the EC decreased from 40 to 2 dS m(-1). The liquid limit and EC showed a linear correlation (R(2) = 0.785); therefore, the liquid limit was considered to be an appropriate index to evaluate the physical properties of a soil under a leaching process. Plasticity index and available cater were more useful in the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the soil when we used amendments. Liquid limit combined with the water content of the soil at 0.03 MPa was the most useful tool for evaluating soil structural stability during reclamation. C1 CSIC, E-50080 ZARAGOZA, SPAIN. RP LEBRON, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, US SALIN LAB, 4500 GLENWOOD DR, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501 USA. RI lebron, Inma/A-4762-2013 OI lebron, Inma/0000-0001-8610-9717 NR 55 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1753 EP 1762 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PT174 UT WOS:A1994PT17400025 ER PT J AU POST, DF HORVATH, EH LUCAS, WM WHITE, SA EHASZ, MJ BATCHILY, AK AF POST, DF HORVATH, EH LUCAS, WM WHITE, SA EHASZ, MJ BATCHILY, AK TI RELATIONS BETWEEN SOIL COLOR AND LANDSAT REFLECTANCE AN SEMIARID RANGELANDS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTS; SPECTRA AB The reflectance of radiant energy from the earth's surface in sparsely vegetated arid rangelands is determined by the characteristics of the soil and geologic material on the land's surface. This study measured the color characteristics of earth surface materials collected from a semiarid rangeland in southeastern Arizona and compared these colors to digital numbers recorded by Landsat. Other parameters including particle size, slope, and vegetation were also evaluated, but the color characteristics of the fine earth soil and rock fragments measured with a colorimeter were most strongly correlated to Landsat digital numbers. The numerical values of the color components (hue, value, and chroma) for three different soil and rock fragment size fractions were related in a multiple linear regression equation to Landsat digital reflectance numbers. The R(2) for Band 4 (0.5-0.6 mu m), Band 5 (0.6-0.7 mu m), Band 6 (0.7-0.8 mu m), Band 7 (0.8-1.1 mu m), and the sum of the four bands were 0.85, 0.69, 0.71, 0.68, and 0.75, respectively. The color of earth surface features in sparsely vegetated land areas should be precisely and accurately determined because of its very strong correlation with remotely sensed spectral data. The use of colorimeters to quantify the color of earth surface features will significantly help in evaluating remotely sensed data, particularly for landscapes in arid regions. C1 USDA SCS,NATL CARTOG CTR,FT WORTH,TX 76115. RP POST, DF (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,ROOM 429,SHANTZ BLDG,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1809 EP 1816 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PT174 UT WOS:A1994PT17400033 ER PT J AU LAIRD, DA AF LAIRD, DA TI SERICITES IN FELDSPARS AS SOURCE OF 2/1-PHYLLOSILICATES IN SELECTED SANDY SOILS - COMMENTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP LAIRD, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1846 EP 1846 PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PT174 UT WOS:A1994PT17400038 ER PT J AU GRANOVSKY, AV MCCOY, EL DICK, WA SHIPITALO, MJ EDWARDS, WM AF GRANOVSKY, AV MCCOY, EL DICK, WA SHIPITALO, MJ EDWARDS, WM TI IMPACTS OF ANTECEDENT MOISTURE AND SOIL SURFACE MULCH COVERAGE ON WATER AND CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT THROUGH A NO-TILL SOIL SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MACROPORE; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; BR TRANSPORT; SR TRANSPORT; ATRAZINE TRANSPORT ID CROP RESIDUE; CLAY SOIL; INFILTRATION; MACROPORES; EARTHWORMS; HERBICIDES; MOVEMENT; RUNOFF; FLOW AB Flow in macropores of no-tillage soils is often implicated as a principal mechanism responsible for accelerated movement of agrochemicals into groundwater. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a surface mulch coverage and antecedent water content on water and chemical transport characteristics in a Typic Hapludult soil. SrBr2.6H(2)O and atrazine were surface-applied to four undisturbed 0.3 m X 0.3 m X 0.3 m surface soil blocks. Three simulated 30 mm rains were applied to the block surfaces, and leachate was collected from 64 cells at the bottom of each block. Leachate volume, chemical amounts, and conducting macropore areas were determined for each cell and block. A parameter, m, found by fitting sorted cumulative outflow curves to an exponential function, was used to describe the degree of flow preference in a block. The dominant factor producing transport differences between the four blocks was pre-rain moisture content, which correlated negatively with degree of flow preference and positively with total leachate volume in each block. In a drier soil only the more rapid flow pathways, marked by high cell leachate volumes, contributed to the flow, while the slower pathways having greater interaction with the bulk soil were mostly truncated. This resulted in a higher degree of flow preference, smaller total leachate volumes and smaller block-averaged concentrations of Br, Sr and atrazine in soil with lower pre-rain moisture content. The peak of chemical transport was observed after the first simulated rain regardless of pre-rain moisture and surface mulch coverage. Following the second and third rains the chemical transport was reduced twofold for the less reactive Br, three-fold for the more reactive atrazine and ten-fold for Sr, apparently due to the by-pass of chemicals by subsequent leaching events. Mulch had little effect on water movement, but slightly enhanced the Sr and atrazine transport through the blocks, most likely by prolonging the chemical contact with infiltrating water at the soil surface. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPT WATERSHED,COSHOCTON,OH 43812. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2-3 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(94)90022-1 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PU950 UT WOS:A1994PU95000010 ER PT J AU GOODE, SR THOMAS, C AF GOODE, SR THOMAS, C TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY INTERFACED TO ATOMIC-EMISSION SPECTROMETRY - SEPARATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND QUANTITATION SO SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE-INDUCED-PLASMA; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; TANGENTIAL-FLOW TORCH; SELECTIVE DETECTION; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; HELIUM; SPECTROSCOPY C1 USDA,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 SN 0887-6703 J9 SPECTROSCOPY JI Spectroscopy PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 9 IS 9 BP 14 EP & PG 0 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA RF252 UT WOS:A1994RF25200002 ER PT J AU WING, RE AF WING, RE TI OXIDATION OF STARCH BY THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSING SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article ID OXIDIZED POLYSACCHARIDES; CALCIUM COMPLEXATION; POTATO STARCH; HYPOCHLORITE AB The oxidation of starches of different amylose content with several oxidants has been investigated to maximize carboxyl content, increase water solubility and give products with new and novel properties. Methods of preparation studied were ambient-batch, jet cooking, jet cooking-drum drying, and drum drying alone. Other variables evaluated were reaction pH, jet cooking temperature, and oxidant concentration. Hypochlorite was the most effective oxidant and gave the highest carboxyl content in all preparation methods. Oxidized starches prepared by jet cooking and/or drum drying were of low viscosity and water soluble. SEM's of commercial oxidized starch showed intact granular structure, whereas samples prepared by instantaneous high temperature procedures showed complete gelatinization. Gel permeation chromatography showed structural depolymerization of the starches when high temperature processing was used. Copper binding capacity was evaluated on selected samples. RP WING, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD NOV PY 1994 VL 46 IS 11 BP 414 EP 418 DI 10.1002/star.19940461103 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PV654 UT WOS:A1994PV65400002 ER PT J AU MORRIS, NM FAUGHT, S CATALANO, EA MONTALVO, JG ANDREWS, BAK AF MORRIS, NM FAUGHT, S CATALANO, EA MONTALVO, JG ANDREWS, BAK TI QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS ON COTTON FABRICS BY NIR SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; BTCA; COTTON; DURABLE PRESS; FINISHING; NIR; NONFORMALDEHYDE FINISHES ID CROSS-SECTIONAL DIMENSIONS; NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; DURABLE PRESS RESIN; DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE; FORMALDEHYDE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Cotton fabric can be treated with a number of chemical agents that impart smooth-drying properties; the most common of these are methylol derivatives of cyclic ureas. On storage, finishes from these agents slowly but continuously release formaldehyde which has been identified as a probable human carcinogen. The nonformaldehyde containing polycarboxylic acids such as butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) or citric acid, can be used to impart smooth-drying properties to cotton fabrics with good strength retention. However, these compounds and cellulose contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, so there is no readily available method for the quantitation of the polycarboxylic acid on cotton. From infrared spectra, carbonyl absorption at 1726 cm-1 has been used to determine the amount of BTCA on cotton fabric with some success. However, only a small amount of sample is used (1-2 mg) and sample preparation is labor intensive and time consuming. Near infrared spectroscopy offers the advantages of larger sample size with rapid and simple sample preparation. A method was developed for obtaining a useful calibration equation when no wet chemical reference method is available. RP MORRIS, NM (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 26 IS 11 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA PR487 UT WOS:A1994PR48700005 ER PT J AU ZAGHMOUT, OMF AF ZAGHMOUT, OMF TI TRANSFORMATION OF PROTOPLASTS AND INTACT-CELLS FROM SLOWLY GROWING EMBRYOGENIC CALLUS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE WHEAT TRANSFORMATION; AGROBACTERIUM; ELECTROPORATION; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL ID TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; GENE-TRANSFER; MAIZE CELLS; PLANTS; REGENERATION; BOMBARDMENT; CULTURES AB A procedure for culturing protoplasts from slowly growing embryogenic calli of wheat was developed. The procedure was dependent on the ability to isolate large numbers of culturable protoplasts from slowly growing embryogenic callus. Approximately 68% of the isolated protoplasts divided, and 22% formed colonies; of the latter, 67% continued to proliferate. Plating efficiency was reduced when protoplasts were transformed by polythylene glycol, electroporation, and/or Agrobacterium. Intact cells were also directly transformed by electroporation. Direct electroporation of the Agrobacterium binary vector into intact cells resulted in a significant increase of GUS activity over the control. RP ZAGHMOUT, OMF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOX 215,ROUTE 3,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 89 IS 5 BP 577 EP 582 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PV520 UT WOS:A1994PV52000008 PM 24177933 ER PT J AU LIU, ZW WANG, RRC CARMAN, JG AF LIU, ZW WANG, RRC CARMAN, JG TI HYBRIDS AND BACKCROSS PROGENIES BETWEEN WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L) AND APOMICTIC AUSTRALIAN WHEATGRASS [ELYMUS-RECTISETUS (NEES IN LEHM) A-LOVE AND CONNER] - KARYOTYPIC AND GENOMIC ANALYSES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE APOMIXIS; ASYNAPSIS; B-III HYBRIDS; GENOME ANALYSIS; WHEAT; WIDE HYBRIDIZATION ID INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS; SCABRUS; MORPHOLOGY; APOMIXIS; CULTURE AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) florets were emasculated and pollinated using two apomictic wheatgrass [Elymus rectisetus (Nees in Lehm.) A. Love and Connor, 2n = 6x = 42, SSYYWW] accessions, one of which produces 2n pollen. A 2n = 42 (B-II) hybrid and four 2n = 63 (B-III) hybrids were obtained. The spike morphology of the B-II hybrid was intermediate to that of its parents. The pollen mother cells (PMCs) of this hybrid contained on average 38.36 I and 1.62 II, which was consistent with its disparate genome composition (ABDSYW). Its pollen failed to stain and no BC1 progeny was obtained. The B-III hybrids (reduced egg fertilized with unreduced sperm) were grasslike and had a full complement of E. rectisetus chromosomes, the synapsis of which was slightly impaired by wheat haplome and/or cytoplasm. Their PMCs contained on average 16.30 II, 25.72 I, and 1.54 multivalents (III plus IV), Pollen stainability in these hybrids was low (<1%), and when they were used as females, one 54- and 60-chromosome BC1 were obtained. A mean of 13.25 II was observed in PMCs of the 54-chromosome BC1 and pollen stainability was 10%. Pollen stainability in the 60-chromosome BC1 was only 5%. The use of 2n-pollen-producing E. rectisetus accession accelerated hybrid and BC1 formation and may accelerate the ultimate transfer of apomixis to wheat. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 89 IS 5 BP 599 EP 605 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PV520 UT WOS:A1994PV52000011 PM 24177936 ER PT J AU LUBBERS, EL ARTHUR, L HANNA, WW OZIASAKINS, P AF LUBBERS, EL ARTHUR, L HANNA, WW OZIASAKINS, P TI MOLECULAR MARKERS SHARED BY DIVERSE APOMICTIC PENNISETUM SPECIES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE APOMIXIS; AGAMOSPERMY; PEARL MILLET; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; RFLP; RAPD ID MILDEW RESISTANCE GENES; PEARL-MILLET; DNA VARIATION; LETTUCE; TOMATO AB Two molecular markers, a RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and a RFLP/STS (restriction fragment length polymorphism/sequence-tagged site), previously were found associated with apomictic reproductive behavior in a backcross population produced to transfer apomixis from Pennisetum squamulatum to pearl millet. The occurrence of these molecular markers in a range of 29 accessions of Pennisetum comprising II apomictic and 8 sexual species was investigated. Both markers were specific for apomictic species in Pennisetum. The RFLP/STS marker, UGT 197, was found to be associated with all taxa that displayed apomictic reproductive behavior except those in section Brevivalvula. Neither UGT197 nor the cloned RAPD fragment OPC-04(600) hybridized with any sexually reproducing representatives of the genus. The cloned CO4(600) was associated with 3 of the 11 apomictic species, P. ciliare, P. massaicum, and P. squamulatum. UGT197 was more consistently associated with apomictic reproductive behavior than OPC04(600) or cloned C04(600) thus it could be inferred that UGT197 is more closely linked to the gene(s) for apomixis than the cloned C04(600). The successful use of these probes to survey other Pennisetum species indicates that apomixis is a trait that can be followed across species by using molecular means. This technique of surveying species within a genus will be useful in determining the relative importance of newly isolated markers and may facilitate the identification of the apomixis gene(s). C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT HORT,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 89 IS 5 BP 636 EP 642 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PV520 UT WOS:A1994PV52000016 PM 24177941 ER PT J AU FJELLSTROM, RG PARFITT, DE AF FJELLSTROM, RG PARFITT, DE TI RFLP INHERITANCE AND LINKAGE IN WALNUT SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE JUGLANS; DNA; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC MAPPING ID RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; TOMATO GENOME; DNA; POLYMORPHISMS; SEQUENCES; ISOZYMES; GENES; RNA; MARKERS AB Thirty-two low-copy-number genomic DNA clones from a walnut (Juglans sp.) PstI genomic library were used to establish a molecular-marker linkage map for walnut. The clones were hybridized to restriction-endonuclease-digested DNA from parent walnut trees involved in an interspecific backcross of (J. hindsiixJ. regia)xJ. regia in order to identify parental polymorphism. Sixty-three backcross progeny were analyzed to determine the inheritance and linkage of 48 RFLP loci. Sixty-six percent of the walnut cloned sequences detected duplicated, but unlinked, loci. Twelve linkage groups were identified by 42 of the RFLP loci. A Poisson probability method for estimating genome size was utilized to calculate the approximate walnut genome length as 1660 cM and to estimate that 138 markers would be needed to cover 95% of the walnut genome within 20 cM of each marker. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT POMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 89 IS 6 BP 665 EP 670 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PV523 UT WOS:A1994PV52300003 PM 24178008 ER PT J AU BAMBERG, JB AF BAMBERG, JB TI ALLELISM OF ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBER (EBN) IN SOLANUM ACAULE BITT AND OTHER WILD POTATO SPECIES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE POTATO; SOLANUM; GERMPLASM; CROSSABILITY ID INTROGRESSION; CROSSES AB The inheritance of endosperm balance number (EBN), a genetic, dose-dependent crossability system functioning in tuber-bearing Solanum (potato) species, was investigated for certain wild potato species having an EBN equal to one half of their ploidy. The EBN of Solanum acaule, a disomic 4(2EBN) South American species, was investigated by producing F-1 and F-2 hybrids with artificial 4x(2EBN) S. commersonii. This allowed assessment of recombination among the two genomes of disomic S. acaule and that of S. commersonii. When crossability of the hybrids with 1EBN, 2EBN and 4EBN standards was tested, no variation for EBN was detected. The apparent lack of recombination and segregation for EBN in these hybrids indicates that the genomes of S. acaule and S. commersonii carry EBN in a genetically-similar way. Combined with previous reports, these data indicate that the inheritance of EBN is similar in widely-separated taxa from South America and Mexico. RP BAMBERG, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,POTATO INTRODUCT STN,NRSP-6,4312 HWY 42,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 89 IS 6 BP 682 EP 686 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PV523 UT WOS:A1994PV52300006 PM 24178011 ER PT J AU LASCOUX, M KANG, H SVARD, H AF LASCOUX, M KANG, H SVARD, H TI IMPACT OF MATING DESIGN ON SELECTION RESPONSE IN BRASSICA-RAPA L SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE MATING DESIGN; EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE; BRASSICA RAPA L ID ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; POPULATIONS AB The impact of four mating designs on selection response for leaf area was assessed at four different population sizes, using fast-cycling Brassica rapa L. Mating designs were either balanced (partial diallel or pair mating) or unbalanced (factorial mating designs with either one or two testers). When balanced, the mating designs required different numbers of crossings for the same number of parents: the partial diallel design, in the configuration retained here, required three times as many crossings as pair mating. Population sizes were 4, 8, 16, and 32. The percentage of selected individuals was kept constant at 25%. Despite an average estimated heritability around 0.4, the overall response to selection after five generations was fairly weak in all three replicates. For a given population size, selection response was larger under balanced mating designs than under unbalanced ones. There was no difference among balanced mating designs. Both results indicate that effective population size is more important than population size or the number of crossings in maintaining genetic gain. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP LASCOUX, M (reprint author), SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT PLANT BREEDING,BOX 7003,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 89 IS 6 BP 751 EP 757 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PV523 UT WOS:A1994PV52300016 PM 24178021 ER PT J AU JERMSTAD, KD REEM, AM HENIFIN, JR WHEELER, NC NEALE, DB AF JERMSTAD, KD REEM, AM HENIFIN, JR WHEELER, NC NEALE, DB TI INHERITANCE OF RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS AND RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNAS IN COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DOUGLAS-FIR; GENETIC MAPPING; RFLP; RAPD; ALLOZYMES ID MENZIESII MIRB FRANCO; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS; CHLOROPLAST DNA; GENE NUMBER; VAR GLAUCA; POPULATIONS; MARKERS; EXPRESSION; CONIFERS AB A total of 225 new genetic loci [151 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and 74 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD)] in coastal Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France var. menziesii] have been identified using a three-generation outbred pedigree. The Mendelian inheritance of 16 RFLP loci and 29 RAPD loci was demonstrated based on single-locus segregation in a sample of F-2 progeny. One RFLP locus, PtIFG2025, showed segregation distortion. Probe pPtIFG2025 is a loblolly pine cDNA probe encoding for rbcS. The 16 RFLP loci and 23 allozyme loci were also assayed in a sample of 16 Douglas-fir seed-orchard clones. Allelism was determined at 11 of the 16 RFLP loci. RFLPs were able to detect slightly more variation (4.0 alleles per locus) than allozymes (3.1 alleles per locus). The inheritance of an additional 80 RAPD loci was determined based on haploid segregation analysis of megagametophytes from parent tree 013-1. Once 200-300 markers are identified and placed on a genetic map, quantitative trait loci affecting bud phenology will be mapped. C1 WEYERHAEUSER CO,CENTRALIA,WA 98531. RP JERMSTAD, KD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,PACIFIC NW RES STN,2480 CARSON RD,PLACERVILLE,CA 95667, USA. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 89 IS 6 BP 758 EP 766 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PV523 UT WOS:A1994PV52300017 PM 24178022 ER PT J AU NOVY, RG HELGESON, JP AF NOVY, RG HELGESON, JP TI SOMATIC HYBRIDS BETWEEN SOLANUM-ETUBEROSUM AND DIPLOID, TUBER BEARING SOLANUM CLONES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SOMATIC HYBRID; SOLANUM ETUBEROSUM; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; S-BERTHAULTII; RFLP ID CHLOROPLAST DNA; SEXUAL PROGENY; S-TUBEROSUM; POTATO; BREVIDENS; HYBRIDIZATION; FUSION; PROTOPLASTS; NICOTIANA; FERTILE AB Electrofusion was used to obtain somatic hybrids between Solanum etuberosum (2n=2x=24) and two diploid potato lines. These hybridizations were conducted to determine if haploidxwild species hybrids are better fusion partners than conventional S. tuberosumGp. Tuberosum haploids. Restriction fragment length polymerase (RFLP) analyses of the putative somatic hybrids confirmed that each parental genome was present. The somatic hybrids between S. etuberosum and a haploid S. tuberosum clone, US-W730, were stunted and had curled, purple leaves. In contrast, somatic hybrids between S. etuberosum and a haploidxwild species hybrid (US-W 730 haploidxS. berthaultii, were vigorous and generally tuberized under field conditions. These hybrids were designated as E+BT somatic hybrids. Analyses of 23 E+BT somatic hybrids revealed a statistically significant bias towards the retention of S. etuberosum chloroplasts. Stylar incompatibilities were observed when the E+BT somatic hybrids were used as pollen donors in crosses with S. tuberosum cultivars. Reciprocal crosses did not show this incompatibility. The progeny were vigorous and had improved tuber traits when compared to the maternal E+BT parent. RFLP analyses of three sexual progeny lines confirmed the presence of all 12 S. etuberosum chromosomes. In two of these lines, RFLPs that marked each of the 24 chromosome arms of S. etuberosum were present. However, RFLP markers specific for regions on chromosomes 2, 7, and 11 were missing from the third clone. Because other markers for these chromosomes were present in the progeny line, these results indicated the likelihood of pairing and recombination between S. etuberosum and S. tuberosum chromosomes. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 89 IS 6 BP 775 EP 782 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PV523 UT WOS:A1994PV52300019 PM 24178024 ER PT J AU NOVY, RG HELGESON, JP AF NOVY, RG HELGESON, JP TI RESISTANCE TO POTATO-VIRUS-Y IN SOMATIC HYBRIDS BETWEEN SOLANUM-ETUBEROSUM AND SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM X S-BERTHAULTII HYBRID SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SOMATIC HYBRID; SOLANUM ETUBEROSUM; SOLANUM TUBEROSUM; HAPLOID X WILD SPECIES HYBRID; POTATO VIRUS Y RESISTANCE ID LEAF ROLL VIRUS; BREVIDENS AB Somatic hybrids between a potato virus Y (PVY) resistant Solanum etuberosum clone and a susceptible diploid potato clone derived from a cross between S. tuberosum Gp. Tuberosum haploid US-W 730 and S. berthaultii were evaluated for resistance to PVY. All but one of the tested somatic hybrids were significantly more resistant than cultivars 'Atlantic' and 'Katahdin'. However, none was as resistant as the S. etuberosum parent. One hexaploid somatic hybrid, possibly the product of a triple-cell fusion involving one S. etuberosum protoplast and two haploidxS. berthaultii protoplasts, was as susceptible to PVY infection as the cultivars. Tetraploid progeny of the somatic hybrids, obtained from crosses with Gp. Tuberosum cultivars, were neither as resistant as the maternal somatic hybrid parent, nor as susceptible as the paternal cultivar parent. It appears that the introgression of PVY resistance from (1EBN) S. etuberosum into (4EBN) S. tuberosum (EBN-endosperm balance number) will be successful through the use of somatic hybridization and subsequent crosses of the somatic hybrids back to S. tuberosum. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 89 IS 6 BP 783 EP 786 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PV523 UT WOS:A1994PV52300020 PM 24178025 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, AJ GRIZZLE, JM ECHTERNKAMP, SE AF ROBERTS, AJ GRIZZLE, JM ECHTERNKAMP, SE TI FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT AND SUPEROVULATION RESPONSE IN COWS ADMINISTERED MULTIPLE FSH INJECTIONS EARLY IN THE ESTROUS-CYCLE SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FSH; SUPEROVULATION; EMBRYOS; FOLLICLE DOMINANCE; CATTLE ID DOMINANT FOLLICLE; CATTLE; HEIFERS AB To determine whether follicular development, superovulation and embryo production were affected by the absence or presence of a dominant follicle, cows were administered injections of FSH twice daily in the early (Days 2 to 6, estrus = Day 0) or middle stage (beginning on Day 10 or 11) of the estrous cycle. Treatment with FSH early in the cycle stimulated follicular development in 83 to 100% of all cows from 4 groups evaluated at different times after PGF2 alpha treatment on Days 6 and 7. However, the proportion of cows with > 2 ovulations varied from 31 to 62.5%, indicating that induction of follicular development may occur in the absence of superovulation. When compared with cows treated in the middle of the cycle, no differences were observed in the proportion of cows with > 2 ovulations (31 vs 20%), ovulation rate (26.0 +/- 6.3 vs 49.6 +/- 25.8), production of ova/embryos (13.3 +/- 3.2 vs 14.4 +/- 3.4), or the number of transferable embryos (8.0 +/- 3.6 vs 5.4 +/- 1.5; early vs middle, respectively). The proportion of the total number of embryos collected that were suitable for transfer was greater (P<0.01) in cows treated early in the cycle (60%) than at midcycle (37.5%) The diameter of the largest follicle observed by ultrasound prior to initiation of FSK treatment in the early stage of the cycle (10.0 +/- 2.0 mm) was smaller (P<0.05) than at midcyle (16.8 +/- 1.3 mm). These results demonstrate that superinduction of follicular development is highly consistent after FSH treatment at Days 2 to 6 of the cycle and that superovulation and embryo production are not less variable than when FSH is administered during the middle of the cycle. However, superovulation in the early stage of the cycle may increase the proportion of embryos suitable for transfer. RP ROBERTS, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD NOV PY 1994 VL 42 IS 6 BP 917 EP 929 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(94)90115-Y PG 13 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA PP558 UT WOS:A1994PP55800003 PM 16727597 ER PT J AU HILL, BA DAVISON, KL DULIK, DM MONKS, TJ LAU, SS AF HILL, BA DAVISON, KL DULIK, DM MONKS, TJ LAU, SS TI METABOLISM OF 2-(GLUTATHIONE-S-YL)HYDROQUINONE AND 2,3,5-(TRIGLUTATHION-S-YL)HYDROQUINONE IN THE IN-SITU PERFUSED RAT-KIDNEY - RELATIONSHIP TO NEPHROTOXICITY SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE; GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATE; HYDROQUINONE; TRANSFERASE; TOXICITY; LIVER; IDENTIFICATION; INHIBITION; MENADIONE; C-14 AB 2,3,5-(Triglutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone [2,3,5-(triGSyl)HQ] (20 mu mol/kg) and 2-(glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone [2-(GSyl)HQ] (250 mu mol/kg) both cause nephrotoxicity when administered to male rats, although the former is considerably more potent than the latter. To address the issue of the differential potency of these conjugates we investigated the metabolism and toxicity of 2,3,5-(triGSyl)HQ and 2-(GSyl)HQ in the in situ perfused rat kidney. Infusion of 5 and 10 mu mol 2,3,5-(triGSyl)HQ into the right renal artery caused a time-dependent elevation in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) excretion into urine produced by both the perfused and the contralateral kidneys. At the lower concentration, gamma-GT excretion was greater from the perfused kidney, whereas gamma-GT excretion from the per fused and contralateral kidneys was the same at the higher concentration. Using HPLC-EC to analyze urine and bile, metabolites of 2,3,5-(triGSyl)HQ (10 mu mol) were observed only within the first 30 min of perfusion. At the lower dose (5 mu mol) neither parent compound nor metabolites were found in urine or bile. Infusion of 40 mu mol 2-(GSyl)HQ into the right renal artery also caused a time-dependent excretion of gamma-GT into urine: excretion being greater from the perfused kidney. HPLC-EC analysis of urine and bile from 2-(GSyl)HQ perfused kidneys demonstrated the formation of three known metabolites; 2-(N-acetyl-cystein-S-yl)HQ (9.2 +/- 0.5 mu mol), 2-(cystein-S-ylglycine)HQ (0.8 +/- 0.3 mu mol), and 2-(cystein-S-yl)HQ (1.3 +/- 0.3 mu mol). Unchanged 2-(GSyl)HQ was detected in the urine and bile (0.8 +/- 0.1 mu mol). A greater fraction of the dose (74%) was recovered in urine following infusion of 40 mu mol 2-(GSyl)[C-14]HQ than of 10 mu mol 2,3,5-(triGSyl)[C-14]HQ (29%). In contrast, a greater fraction of the dose was retained by the kidney following treatment with 10 mu mol 2,3,5-(triGSyl)[C-14]HQ than following treatment with 40 mu mol 2-(GSyl)[C-14]HQ (36 and 11%, respectively). This result suggests that metabolites derived from 2,3,5-(triGSyl)[C-14]HQ are more reactive than those derived from 2(GSyl)[C-14]HQ, which is consistent with the finding that 2,3,5-(tricystein-S-yl)hydro quinone exhibits a lower oxidation potential than 2-(cystein-S-yl)hydroquinone. Differences in the reactivity of the metabolites derived from 2,3,5-(triGSyl)[C-14]HQ and 2-(GSyl)[C-14]HQ probably account for the more potent nephrotoxicity of 2,3,5-(triGSyl)HQ. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV TEXAS,COLL PHARM,DIV PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712. USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PHARMACEUT,DRUG METAB & PHARMACOKINET,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA 19406. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 39338] NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 129 IS 1 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1235 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA PQ822 UT WOS:A1994PQ82200014 PM 7974485 ER PT J AU PARKINSON, EA RIEMAN, BE RUDSTAM, LG AF PARKINSON, EA RIEMAN, BE RUDSTAM, LG TI COMPARISON OF ACOUSTIC AND TRAWL METHODS FOR ESTIMATING DENSITY AND AGE COMPOSITION OF KOKANEE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; INSITU TARGET-STRENGTH; FISH; LAKES; TRANSDUCER; SONAR AB Three acoustic and three trawl methods of estimating density and age composition of kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka were compared. Density estimates from the three acoustic methods were significantly correlated with each other and with the trawl estimates. Age-classes 1-3 were not distinguishable from each other in acoustic records, but their combined peak could be separated from that of age-0 kokanees on the target strength frequency distributions produced by both the dual-beam and the deconvolution analyses. Dual-beam age composition estimates were significantly correlated with deconvolution (r = 0.97) and trawl (r = 0.70) estimates. Deconvolution density estimates for age-1-3 fish were 34% higher than the dual-beam estimates, but neither of the acoustic density estimates differed significantly from the trawl values due to higher variance associated with trawl estimates. Acoustic estimates of total densities were less consistent than those for age-1-3 fish because of the problem of establishing a consistent lower threshold for age-0 fish. At the extreme, duration-in-beam, dual-beam, and deconvolution estimates of total density were 3.3, 1.9, and 1.8 times the trawl estimates. Differences in towing speed (1.0 versus 1.5 m/s) for the slow and fast otter trawls had little effect on the estimates of either density or age composition, but the beam trawl was less efficient than the otter trawls. Estimates of densities from the beam trawl averaged 54%, 35%, and 21% of otter trawl estimates for age-0, age-1, and age-2-3 kokanees (which averaged 42, 130, and 198 mm in length, respectively), suggesting serious size selectivity for one or both trawl designs. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERNAT RES STN,BOISE,ID 83702. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,CORNELL BIOL FIELD STN,BRIDGEPORT,NY 13030. RP PARKINSON, EA (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,BRITISH COLUMBIA MINIST ENVIRONM,FISHERIES RES SECT,2204 MAIN MALL,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z4,BC,CANADA. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 123 IS 6 BP 841 EP 854 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0841:COAATM>2.3.CO;2 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA PT715 UT WOS:A1994PT71500001 ER PT J AU BOUSE, LF CARLTON, JB KIRK, IW HIRSCH, TJ AF BOUSE, LF CARLTON, JB KIRK, IW HIRSCH, TJ TI NOZZLE SELECTION FOR OPTIMIZING DEPOSITION AND MINIMIZING SPRAY DRIFT FOR THE AT-502 AIR TRACTOR SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AERIAL SPRAYS; AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; AIRCRAFT; COTTON; DRIFT; DROPLETS; NOZZLES; PESTICIDES; SPRAY AB Experiments were conducted with two different types of spray nozzles, whirl-type hollow cone and narrow-angle flat spray, on a turbine-powered agricultural aircraft Measurements were made of spray deposition on the tops and bottoms of leaves in the top and mid-canopy of cotton plants and for the downwind drift of spray from the intended swath at airspeeds of 193, 217, and 242 km/h. Spray droplet size, measured at the nozzles using a laser-imaging particle spectrometer, was larger for the flat spray nozzles and for the lower airspeeds. There was a trend for the flat spray nozzles to provide more deposit on both the tops and bottoms of plant leaves than the hollow cone nozzles. There was also a trend toward higher deposits on the leaves (mean of top and bottom leaf surfaces and top and mid-canopy) for the slower airspeeds; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Droplets deposited on water-sensitive cards attached to the tops of cotton leaves were larger for the flat spray nozzles than for the hollow cone nozzles, but the hollow cone nozzles at an airspeed of 242 km/h resulted in more droplets/cm(2) than the other treatments. Airspeed did not significantly affect the volume median diameter of the droplets on the water-sensitive cards. Spray drift at 140 m downwind of the flight path was significantly greater (P = 0.05) for the hollow cone nozzles at 242 km/h than all other treatments except for the same nozzles at 217 km/h. Spray drift at 140 m was significantly less for the flat spray nozzles at 193 km/h than for all other treatments except for the same nozzles at 217 km/h. The amount of airborne spray at 140 m was strongly influenced by both nozzle type and airspeed (greater for the hollow cone nozzles and for the higher airspeeds) and the drift cloud extended more than 10 m above ground at 140 m downwind for all treatments. C1 AIR TRACTOR INC,OLNEY,TX. RP BOUSE, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,AERIAL APPLICAT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1725 EP 1731 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000001 ER PT J AU BLOCK, WA JOHNSON, CE BAILEY, AC BURT, EC AF BLOCK, WA JOHNSON, CE BAILEY, AC BURT, EC TI SOIL STRESS MEASUREMENT UNDER RIGID WHEEL LOADING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL STRESS; COMPACTION; RIGID WHEEL; STRESS STATE TRANSDUCER; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AB Soil stress states were measured beneath the path of a rigid wheel (137 cm diameter). A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted on the data to determine the effect on stress state caused by dynamic and tractive wheel loads, in different soil types and with or without the presence of a hardpan. Results should aid in decisions concerning soil compaction due to wheel loads. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL. RP BLOCK, WA (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,QUAD CITIES EXTENS CTR,COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,SILVIS,IL, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1753 EP 1756 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000005 ER PT J AU BLOCK, WA JOHNSON, CE BAILEY, AC BURT, EC AF BLOCK, WA JOHNSON, CE BAILEY, AC BURT, EC TI ENERGY ANALYSIS OF FINITE-ELEMENT SOIL STRESS PREDICTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; ENERGY; SOIL STRESS; COMPACTION; RIGID WHEEL ID COMPACTION AB Soil stresses under a rigid wheel loading were predicted with a finite element model using each of three different soil compaction models as the constitutive relationship. An energy analysis compared the energy lost in traction to energy absorbed in compaction as predicted by the finite element model. One constitutive relationship resulted in underprediction of energy absorbed in compaction while the other two resulted in overprediction. The method of energy analysis is shown to be a useful tool for evaluating accuracy of soil stress and strain predictions by a finite element model. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL. RP BLOCK, WA (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,QUAD CITIES EXTENS CTR,COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,SILVIS,IL, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1757 EP 1762 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000006 ER PT J AU BOSCH, DD HUBBARD, RK WEST, LT LOWRANCE, RR AF BOSCH, DD HUBBARD, RK WEST, LT LOWRANCE, RR TI SUBSURFACE FLOW PATTERNS IN A RIPARIAN BUFFER SYSTEM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MATRIC POTENTIAL; SOIL WATER; UNSATURATED FLOW; GROUNDWATER RESPONSE ID NITRATE; LOSSES; WATER AB Matric potential was measured in a grass and forest riparian buffer system adjacent to a cropped field in the Georgia Coastal Plain. The soil in the adjacent cropped field is a Tifton loamy sand, containing an argillic subsurface horizon with plinthite at approximately 1 m which has been shown to restrict vertical infiltration and induce lateral flow. Two years of matric potential data and measurements of soil hydraulic characteristics were examined to evaluate and quantify unsaturated water flow in the riparian buffer. The lowest soil matric potential occurred at the grass/forest interface, and the greatest surface infiltration occurred within 10 m downslope of the same interface. The area of low matric potential was likely due to water uptake by trees. Water flowed laterally through the unsaturated soil into the riparian area from the upland field, apparently induced by low vertical conductivity in the subsurface and driven by the high water demand of the forest. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,ATHENS,GA. RP BOSCH, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1783 EP 1790 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000009 ER PT J AU GHEBREIYESSUS, YT GANTZER, CJ ALBERTS, EE AF GHEBREIYESSUS, YT GANTZER, CJ ALBERTS, EE TI SOIL-EROSION BY CONCENTRATED FLOW - SHEAR-STRESS AND BULK-DENSITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL EROSION; PILL EROSION; CONCENTRATED FLOW; SHEAR STRESS; BULK DENSITY; HYDRAULIC FLUME AB Soil detachment by concentrated flow is often predicted using hydraulic shear stress (tau) as a predictor variable. The nature of this relationship is uncertain, however, and may depend on many factors that influence soil resistance to detachment. Research was conducted to better understand the relationship between soil detachment from concentrated flow and tau and the influence of soil bulk density (rho(b)) and erosion duration on detachment. Overland flow was simulated using a 4.9-m-long hydraulic flume. Soil cores from a Mexico silt loam soil Vine, montmorillonitic, mesic Udollic Ochraqualf), 102-mm in diameter, were prepared at 1.2 and 1.4 Mg m(-3) bulk density and exposed to overland flow at shear stresses ranging from 1.1 to 38.2 Pa. Soil detachment increased with test duration and tau for both rho(b) soils. Within a tau range of 1.1 to 15.0 Pa, soil detachment was observed to be 5.5 times greater for the 1.2 versus the 1.4 Mg m(-3) rho(b) Samples with a mean detachment of 11.1 and 2.1 kg m(-2), respectively (P less than or equal to 0.01). Soil erodibility (K-r, defined as the detachment rate per unit increase in tau was 1.10 g m(-2) s(-1) Pa-1 (x 10(-3) s m(-1)) for the 1.2 Mg m(-3) rho(b) and 0.23 g m(-2) s(-1) Pa-1 for the 1.4 Mg m(-3) rho(b), samples indicating that the 1.4 Mg m(-3) rho(b) samples were 4.7 times as resistant to detachment compared to samples packed at 1.2 Mg m(-3) rho(b) soil. Critical shear stress, defined as the shear stress where detachment is not different from zero in a graph of detachment rate versus tau, was 1.3 Pa for the 1.2 Mg m(-3) rho(b) and 4.0 Pa for the 1.4 Mg m(-3) rho(b) samples. Vane shear strength difference between the two bulk densities was highly significant with mean strength of 3.0 kPa for the 1.2 Mg m(-3) rho(b) and 14.4 kPa for the 1.4 Mg m(-3) rho(b) soil. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBIA,MO. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,ROLLA,MO. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ROLLA,MO 65401. RP GHEBREIYESSUS, YT (reprint author), SO UNIV & A&M COLL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70813, USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1791 EP 1797 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000010 ER PT J AU GHIDEY, F ALBERTS, EE AF GHIDEY, F ALBERTS, EE TI INTERRILL ERODIBILITY AFFECTED BY CROPPING SYSTEMS AND INITIAL SOIL-WATER CONTENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RUNOFF SOIL LOSS; INTERRILL EROSION ID AGGREGATE STABILITY; CROPLAND SOILS; EROSION; STEEPNESS; LOSSES; CORN AB The effects of continuous soybean and continuous corn cropping systems and initial water content (IWC) of the soil on runoff, soil loss, and interrill erodibility were studied in the laboratory. Samples of a Mexico silt loam (Udollic Ochraqualf) were packed in 0.3-m-wide x 1.0-m-long soil beds and subjected to a series of simulated rainfall events. Differences in measured runoff and soil loss between the cropping systems were less than 1.0%. The IWC did not affect soil loss during the initial event, but it had a significant effect (p < 0.05) during the following event where an increase in mean IWC from 4 to 15% decreased mean soil loss from 12.9 to 10.7 g min(-1) m(-2). Cropping did not influence interrill erodibility (K-i) calculated from a power relationship with rainfall intensity. There wars a negative linear relationship between K-i and IWC. Calculating K-i from rainfall intensity and runoff rate improved the relationship between K-i and IWC. Our results indicate that interrill soil losses and erodibility are sensitive to IWC and need to be considered in interrill erosion research and modeling, particularly for silt loam soils. Our results also indicate that including a runoff rate term in the equation used to predict interrill erosion will improve its prediction accuracy. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO. RP GHIDEY, F (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1809 EP 1815 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000012 ER PT J AU LIU, BY NEARING, MA RISSE, LM AF LIU, BY NEARING, MA RISSE, LM TI SLOPE GRADIENT EFFECTS ON SOIL LOSS FOR STEEP SLOPES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE USLE; RUSLE; SOIL; SLOPES ID LOSS EQUATION; EROSION AB Data for assessing the effects of slope gradient on soil erosion for the case of steep slopes are limited. Widely used relationships are based primarily on data that were collected on slopes up to approximately 25%. These relationships show a reasonable degree of uniformity in soil loss estimates on slopes within that range, but are quite different when extrapolated beyond the range of the measured data. In this study, soil loss data from natural runoff plots at three locations on the loess plateau in China were used to assess the effect of slope gradient on soil loss for slopes ranging from 9 to 55% steepness. Plot size at each location was 5 m wide by 20 m long, and the soils were silt loams or silty-clay loam. The results indicated that for these plots, soil loss was linearly related to the sine of the slope angle according to the equation: S = 21.91 sine - 0.96, where theta is the slope angle and S is the slope steepness factor normalized to 9%. This relationship was assessed in terms of the limited existing experimental data for rainfall erosion on steep gradients and found to be reasonable for data collected on longer plots, but somewhat different than the data from shorter plot studies. The results of this study would indicate a lesser soil loss at high slopes than does the relationship used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation, but a greater soil loss than predicted by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation for steep slopes. RP LIU, BY (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN, USA. NR 23 TC 96 Z9 222 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1835 EP 1840 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000015 ER PT J AU FERNANDEZ, GP GARBRECHT, J AF FERNANDEZ, GP GARBRECHT, J TI EFFECT OF TRENDS AND LONG-TERM FLUCTUATIONS OF RAINFALL ON WATERSHED RUNOFF SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RAINFALL-RUNOFF FLOOD RETARDING STRUCTURES; WATERSHED RESPONSE AB This study investigates the impact of long-term trends and fluctuations in rainfall characteristics on runoff from the Little Washita River watershed. For this 610 km(2) watershed, mean daily discharge, peak flow, flow frequency, and volume increased significantly over a 22-year period, despite the installation of flood water retarding structures which controlled 45% of the drainage area. Changes in runoff are shown to be associated with long-term increases in rainfall amount, intensity, and frequency. Time series analyses of rainfall and watershed runoff demonstrated that changes in rainfall patterns and amounts can mask the beneficial impacts of floodwater retarding structures. Concurrent meteorologic conditions must be measured and evaluated for proper interpretation of downstream impacts of upstream conservation measures. RP FERNANDEZ, GP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1841 EP 1844 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000016 ER PT J AU CHANG, CS CONVERSE, HH STEELE, JL AF CHANG, CS CONVERSE, HH STEELE, JL TI MODELING OF MOISTURE-CONTENT OF GRAIN DURING STORAGE WITH AERATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GRAIN STORAGE; MOISTURE CONTENT; MODELING; AERATION ID CORN; TEMPERATURE AB Two 6.6-m-diameter steel bins filled with 99.3 t of Hard Red Winter wheat were used for observing seasonal grain temperature and moisture content variations. Aeration in one bin was controlled manually with temperature limit settings. Aeration in the second bin was controlled by a programmable microprocessor using ambient air temperature and humidity and grain moisture content as the control parameters. A model was developed to predict grain moisture content and its distribution within the grain mass during storage. The model was based on a two-dimensional mass transfer equation with the associated boundary conditions and was solved using the finite difference method for cylindrical geometry. Local hourly weather data and airflow rates during aeration periods were used as model inputs. Predicted and measured grain moisture contents were in close agreement for a storage period of 15 months. The model and the parameter values determined provide moisture content and distribution predictions for stored wheat with and without aeration. RP CHANG, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1891 EP 1898 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000022 ER PT J AU ORR, PH GLYNN, MT SACKS, JM AF ORR, PH GLYNN, MT SACKS, JM TI DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF A TEST FACILITY FOR EVALUATING POTATO SPROUT INHIBITORS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RESEARCH; IRISH POTATO; POTATO STORAGE; AIR DISTRIBUTION AB We developed a 216-container system and performed replicated experiments evaluating 3 concentrations of 10 compounds, plus a control and a reference, applied via three methods in two walk-in environmental chambers. The reference, isopropyl (N-3-chlorophenol)-carbamate (CIPC) maintained over 50% nonsprouting tubers and all untreated controls sprouted early. None of the 10 test compounds appeared to be as effective as the CIPC reference in any of the concentrations. There were no important differences in sprouting associated with location in the test rooms. These results verify the appropriateness of our system design and simplify future experimental design considerations. C1 RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,E GRAND FORKS,MN. NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA. RP ORR, PH (reprint author), RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,USDA ARS,MWA,E GRAND FORKS,MN, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1899 EP 1905 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000023 ER PT J AU ORR, PH VARNS, JL JANARDAN, KG AF ORR, PH VARNS, JL JANARDAN, KG TI PREDICTING THE RESPONSE OF POTATOES TO POST-STORAGE HANDLING STRESS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE POTATOES; HANDLING; MODELING; STRESS; SCREENING ID QUALITY AB The potato processing industry needs to predict responses of potatoes to handling so that off-color processed products can be avoided. We developed a system for evaluating and classifying potatoes based on their physiological responses to post-storage handling. Six cultivars (handling characteristics known in the industry) and a selection were treated in a handling simulator and changes in their respiration (CO2), ion conductivity (CND), and sugar development (AGT) were analyzed. A linear discriminant function model was developed to indicate the classification of the selection in relation to the known cultivars. C1 US EPA,USDA ARS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIV,DEPT MATH,YPSILANTI,MI 48197. RP ORR, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1907 EP 1911 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000024 ER PT J AU PARK, B CHEN, YR AF PARK, B CHEN, YR TI INTENSIFIED MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING-SYSTEM FOR POULTRY CARCASS INSPECTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IMAGE ANALYSIS; REFLECTANCE; CHICKEN; SEPTICEMIA; CADAVER; CLASSIFICATION; NEURAL NETWORK AB A multispectral imaging system possessing six optical filters at 542, 570, 641, 700, 720, and 847 nm was demonstrated feasible for discriminating normal poultry carcasses from abnormal carcasses. Gray level image intensities of selected wavelengths were used to classify normal carcasses from abnormal carcasses. Visible wavelengths, 542, 570, and 641 nm, were useful for separation of normal carcasses from septicemic and cadaver carcasses. The accuracy was 89.3% for separation of normal carcasses from abnormal carcasses. The accuracy for separation of the normal carcasses from the septicemic was 89.3%, and from cadaver, 96.5%.; Among the abnormal carcasses, the accuracy of classification of the septicemic carcasses was 90.0% and of the cadaver carcasses, 96.6%. The accuracies of classification for poultry carcasses into three classes using a neural networks classifier were 92.9% for normal, 83.4% for septicemic, and 96.6% for cadaver carcasses. RP PARK, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1983 EP 1988 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000033 ER PT J AU AMBUEL, JR COLVIN, TS KARLEN, DL AF AMBUEL, JR COLVIN, TS KARLEN, DL TI FUZZY-LOGIC YIELD SIMULATOR FOR PRESCRIPTION FARMING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FUZZY LOGIC; PRESCRIPTION FARMING ID CONTROL-SYSTEMS; GROWTH; SPEED; MODEL AB Interest in prescription farming has grown as the technology necessary for its implementation has become available. The central concept of prescription farming is that materials (chemicals, fertilizers, seeds) are optimally applied as a function of position within the field. Therefore, profits are maximized and potential adverse environmental effects are minimized. Our objective was to describe how fuzzy logic could be used to develop a crop yield simulator for assessing spatial variability with sufficient accuracy for optimizing application rates. The method is based on predictive yield models developed using field-scale research techniques. Two conceptual, expert system models were developed using fuzzy logic rules. In one model, chemical and physical characteristics of the soil were measured and combined with local meteorological data as input parameters. In the other model, soil properties were estimated rather than measured The fuzzy logic rule sets were implemented using a spreadsheet. Rule sets were developed to simulate yields for two 16-ha fields in central Iowa. Predicted yields were then compared with measured yield for those fields. Our results indicate that on a relative basis, predicted yields generally agreed with measured yields. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP AMBUEL, JR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1999 EP 2009 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QF370 UT WOS:A1994QF37000035 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, KJ SWANK, WT AF ELLIOTT, KJ SWANK, WT TI CHANGES IN TREE SPECIES-DIVERSITY AFTER SUCCESSIVE CLEARCUTS IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO VEGETATIO LA English DT Article DE DISTURBANCE; TREE DIVERSITY; FOREST DYNAMICS; CLEARCUTTING; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; QUERCUS; LIRIODENDRON-TULIPIFERA ID FOREST; PATTERNS AB A 16 ha watershed in the Coweeta Basin was clearcut in 1939 and 1962. Vegetation was inventoried in 1934 and at about 7-year intervals to 1991. After the first clearcut, tree diversity remained high until after the second cut. Diversity based on density and basal area decreased significantly 14 years after the second clearcut and remained low through 1991. Diversity was highest in the early establishment stage of stand development, then declined at the intermediate stage with canopy closure. Evenness based on basal area declined more than evenness based on density because basal area of Liriodendron tulipifera increased substantially from 1977 to 1991. Trends in diversity were due to changes in evenness rather than changes in species richness. RP ELLIOTT, KJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0042-3106 J9 VEGETATIO JI Vegetatio PD NOV PY 1994 VL 115 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA PZ642 UT WOS:A1994PZ64200002 ER PT J AU BUSING, RT AF BUSING, RT TI CANOPY COVER AND TREE REGENERATION IN OLD-GROWTH COVE FORESTS OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS SO VEGETATIO LA English DT Article DE CANOPY GAP; FOREST DYNAMICS; GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; TREE REGENERATION ID GAP-PHASE REGENERATION; TROPICAL FORESTS; HARDWOOD FOREST; DYNAMICS; SUCCESSION; PATTERNS; RESPONSES; HEMLOCK AB Relationships between canopy cover and tree regeneration were determined for various species in cove forests of the Great Smoky Mountains. Old-growth stands were sampled with six plots covering a total area of 4.8 ha. Each plot was subdivided into contiguous 10 x 10 m quadrats. Canopy cover overlying each of the 480 quadrats was characterized with three different indices based on visual estimates of cover. Influences of: (1) overlying cover, (2) proximate openings, and (3) total area of proximate openings on quadrat regeneration densities were determined. Most species reproducing by seed and some species reproducing by vegetative means had higher densities in quadrats with openings, but only the intolerants were highly dependent on gaps. Tsuga canadensis, a very shade-tolerant species, was one of the few species with abundant regeneration beneath dense canopy cover. In general, understory areas near gaps had somewhat higher regeneration densities than other areas with overlying cover. Several shade-tolerant species showed a positive regeneration density response to canopy openings and an ability to regenerate in gaps 0.01-0.03 ha in area. These openings were too small for intolerant species. Many species exhibited a positive response to total size of the proximate opening(s). A sharp increase in regeneration density with area of the opening(s) was evident at approximately 0.04 ha for the shade-intolerant species. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,N CAROLINA BOT GARDEN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP BUSING, RT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0042-3106 J9 VEGETATIO JI Vegetatio PD NOV PY 1994 VL 115 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA PZ642 UT WOS:A1994PZ64200003 ER PT J AU JAMES, LF PANTER, KE STEGELMEIER, BL MOLYNEUX, RJ AF JAMES, LF PANTER, KE STEGELMEIER, BL MOLYNEUX, RJ TI EFFECT OF NATURAL TOXINS ON REPRODUCTION SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB Poisonous plants grow in most plant communities found on rangelands and pastures. They are one of the principal causes of economic loss to the livestock industry. One major costly effect is on reproduction, which includes birth defects, abortions, lengthened calving intervals, and interference with oogenesis, spermatogenesis, libido, and estrus. Those plants that cause wasting, temporary illness, and other such effects can adversely effect reproduction livestock. RP JAMES, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 587 EP 603 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PP914 UT WOS:A1994PP91400011 PM 7728638 ER PT J AU BROWN, CC MEYER, RF GRUBMAN, MJ AF BROWN, CC MEYER, RF GRUBMAN, MJ TI PRESENCE OF AFRICAN-HORSE-SICKNESS-VIRUS IN EQUINE TISSUES, AS DETERMINED BY IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS; ENDOTHELIUM; HORSES; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION ID HORSESICKNESS VIRUS; INFECTION; GENOME AB In a retrospective study, a negative-sense digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe, corresponding to the gene encoding nonstructural protein-1 of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotype 4, was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue taken from horses in the terminal stages of infection with AHSV. Fifteen infected ponies and one noninfected control were studied. Ponies exhibited a range of clinical signs and lesions. Thirteen ponies were infected with serotype 4, one with serotype 1, and one with serotype 2. Ponies were monitored clinically and euthanatized when severely clinically ill. The following tissues were available for study by in situ hybridization and histopathology: lung, heart, spleen, neck muscle, and supraorbital fat. Histologically, the most striking changes were pulmonary edema and, in some, acute myocardial necrosis. In situ hybridization revealed virus distributed widely in sections of lung and heart examined, with relatively less in spleen, neck muscle, or supraorbital fat. Virus was localized to target cells with morphologic features compatible with endothelium in all organs except spleen, where it was found in both endotheliumlike cells and large mononuclear cells. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. RP BROWN, CC (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 31 IS 6 BP 689 EP 694 PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA PQ599 UT WOS:A1994PQ59900009 PM 7863585 ER PT J AU KLEIN, PG KLEIN, RR RODRIGUEZCEREZO, E HUNT, AG SHAW, JG AF KLEIN, PG KLEIN, RR RODRIGUEZCEREZO, E HUNT, AG SHAW, JG TI MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE TOBACCO VEIN MOTTLING VIRUS GENOME SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTYVIRUS-INFECTED CELLS; RNA-BINDING PROTEIN; ETCH VIRUS; HELPER COMPONENT; MOVEMENT PROTEIN; MOSAIC-VIRUS; APHID TRANSMISSIBILITY; 49-KDA PROTEINASE; VIRAL-PROTEINS; HC-PRO AB We have used a cDNA clone of the potyvirus, tobacco vein mottling virus, to construct 19 mutants bearing 12-nt insertions in the viral genome. These mutants display a variety of phenotypes in inoculated tobacco plants or protoplasts. All mutants with insertions in P3, CI, 6K, Nla, or Nib failed to produce detectable amounts of progeny viral RNA in protoplasts or plants which suggests that they all may be directly involved in replication. Mutants (one in P1 and one in HCpro) presumably affected in polyprotein processing also did not replicate in plants or protoplasts. Seven mutants, with insertions in the 5' noncoding region, P1, HCpro, or CP regions of the genome, were able to infect protoplasts. Three of the 7 mutants (1 in the 5' noncoding region and 2 in HCpro) were able to infect protoplasts but not plants. The remaining 4 mutants replicated in protoplasts and were able to cause systemic infection in plants. The mutation in the CP had no effect on virus accumulation or symptom development in inoculated plants, whereas the other 3 (1 in PI and a in HCpro) induced cyclical patterns of symptom expression. These symptoms ranged from very mild to wild-type-like as new leaves emerged and, as the plants continued to grow, this pattern was repeated. These results support the assignment of roles in replication to five coding regions in the genome and demonstrate that sequence alterations in many parts of other regions of the viral genome may have pronounced effects on replication and the expression of disease symptoms. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RI Hunt, Arthur/A-8040-2009 NR 38 TC 118 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 204 IS 2 BP 759 EP 769 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1591 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA PM741 UT WOS:A1994PM74100029 PM 7941344 ER PT J AU WANG, LF SCANLON, DB KATTENBELT, JA MECHAM, JO EATON, BT AF WANG, LF SCANLON, DB KATTENBELT, JA MECHAM, JO EATON, BT TI FINE MAPPING OF A SURFACE-ACCESSIBLE, IMMUNODOMINANT SITE ON THE BLUETONGUE VIRUS MAJOR CORE PROTEIN VP7 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID GROUP-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS; CAPSID PROTEINS; INFECTED-CELLS; BLOCKING ELISA; PARTICLES; EPITOPES; ANTIGEN AB The 349-amino-acid major core protein VP7 of bluetongue virus (BTV) is both the most abundant viral structural protein and the major immunogenic serogroup-reactive viral antigen. Previous studies indicated that a conformation-dependant antigenic site, defined by the VP7-specific monoclonal antibody 20E9/B7/G2(20E9), was accessible from the virus surface and that the binding of the monoclonal antibody to this epitope could be blocked specifically by antisera raised against different serotypes of bluetongue virus, suggesting it is a serogroup-specific immunodominant epitope. Using a combination of three different mapping strategies, we have located the 20E9 binding site at the N-terminus of the molecule, between amino acids 30 and 48. The fine mapping of the 20E9 immunodominant epitope will facilitate structure-function analyses of the major core protein and provide new opportunities to improve existing BTV serodiagnosis methods based on this immunogenic site. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP WANG, LF (reprint author), CSIRO,AUSTRALIAN ANIM HLTH LAB,PO BAG 24,GEELONG,VIC 3220,AUSTRALIA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 1 PY 1994 VL 204 IS 2 BP 811 EP 814 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1598 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA PM741 UT WOS:A1994PM74100036 PM 7941351 ER PT J AU DOSE, JJ ROPER, BB AF DOSE, JJ ROPER, BB TI LONG-TERM CHANGES IN LOW-FLOW CHANNEL WIDTHS WITHIN THE SOUTH UMPQUA WATERSHED, OREGON SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; FOREST HYDROLOGY; HABITAT ALTERATION; CHANNEL WIDTH; WATERSHED MANAGEMENT ID STREAM; MORPHOLOGY; HABITAT; ECOLOGY; RIVER AB Recent stream survey data (1989-1993) from 31 stream segments of 21 streams within the upper South Umpqua Watershed Oregon were compared to 1937 stream survey data collected from these same stream segments. Current low-flow wetted stream widths of 22 of the 31 surveyed stream segments were significantly different than in 1937; 19 stream segments were significantly different than in 1937; 19 stream segments were significantly wider while the remaining three stream segments were significantly narrower. In only 1 of 8 tributaries to the South Umpqua River which had headwaters within land designated wilderness area did low-flow stream channel width increase since 1937. Conversely, 13 of the 14 tributaries to the South Umpqua River which originated from lands designated as timber emphasis were significantly wider than in 1937. The observed change in stream width was linearly related to timber harvest (r2 = 0.44), road density (r2 = 0.45), and the amount of large organic debris remaining within the active stream channel (r2 = 0.43). These findings suggest that timber harvest and road construction may have resulted in changes in channel characteristics. These channel changes may also be a factor in the observed decline of three of the four populations of anadromous salmonids within the basin. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FISHERIES,MOSCOW,ID 83844. RP DOSE, JJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,UMPQUA NATL FOREST,POB 1008,ROSEBURG,OR 97470, USA. RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 30 IS 6 BP 993 EP 1000 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QB051 UT WOS:A1994QB05100005 ER PT J AU PIERSON, FB BLACKBURN, WH VANVACTOR, SS WOOD, JC AF PIERSON, FB BLACKBURN, WH VANVACTOR, SS WOOD, JC TI PARTITIONING SMALL-SCALE SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF RUNOFF AND EROSION ON SAGEBRUSH RANGELAND SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE RUNOFF; EROSION; SAGEBRUSH; RANGELAND; SPATIAL VARIABILITY, MODEL PARAMETERIZATION ID SEMIARID RANGELANDS; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; TEMPORAL INFLUENCE; INFILTRATION; VEGETATION; CATCHMENTS; PREDICTION AB Most hydrologic models require input parameters which represent the variability found across an entire landscape. The estimation of such parameters is very difficult, particularly on rangeland. Improved model parameter estimation procedures are needed which incorporate the small-scale and temporal variability found on rangeland. This study investigates the use of a surface soil classification scheme to partition the spatial variability in hydrologic and interrill erosion processes in a sagebrush plant community. Four distinct microsites were found to exist within the sagebrush coppice-dune dune-interspace complex. The microsites explained the majority of variation in hydrologic and interrill erosion response found on the site and were discernable based on readily available soil and vegetation information. The variability within each microsite was quite low and was not well correlated with soil and vegetation properties. The surface soil classification scheme defined in this study can be quite useful for defining sampling procedures, for understanding hydrologic and erosion processes, and for parameterizing hydrologic models for use on sagebrush rangeland. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. USDA,SCS,BOISE,ID 83705. RP PIERSON, FB (reprint author), USDA ARS,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA 4,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1089 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QB051 UT WOS:A1994QB05100012 ER PT J AU GAN, JY YATES, SR SPENCER, WF YATES, MV AF GAN, JY YATES, SR SPENCER, WF YATES, MV TI AUTOMATED HEADSPACE ANALYSIS OF FUMIGANTS 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE AND METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE ON CHARCOAL SAMPLING TUBES SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AIR; SOIL; POLLUTANTS; BROMIDE; GC AB Charcoal tubes are widely used for collecting organic vapor in the atmosphere, and the measurement is usually completed by analyzing an aliquot of the solvent phase following solvent extraction, typically with carbon disulfide. However, the sensitivity of this method is limited and sometimes too low for monitoring contaminants at trace levels in the environmental atmosphere. In this study, the potential of static headspace analysis techniques was explored on two common fumigants, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-DCP) and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), on both coconut- and petroleum-based charcoal sampling tubes, using an automated and programmable headspace sampler. Three important parameters in the headspace analysis, equilibrating temperature and time, and amount of extracting solvent, were optimized individually for each compound-charcoal tube combination to achieve maximum sensitivity of GC analysis. Higher stability was observed for both isomers of 1,3-DCP and MITC on petroleum-based charcoal, and 180 and 190 degrees C, and 5 min were selected as the equilibrating temperatures and time, respectively. On coconut-based charcoal tubes, however, all the compounds were more sensitive to the temperature, and 160 and 140 degrees C, and 5.0 and 3.0 min were therefore determined as the equilibrating temperatures and times for the 1,3-DCP isomers and MITC, respectively. Reducing solvent volume from 3 to 1 ml in 9-ml headspace vials improved the sensitivity and 1.0 ml benzyl alcohol was therefore selected for all the compound-charcoal tube combinations. Compared to the conventional extraction method with CS2, the optimized headspace methods were 10-35 times more sensitive, and equivalently reproducible except for MITC on coconut-based ORBO-32 tubes. Better sensitivity and precision of measurements were consistently obtained on petroleum-based charcoal tubes, and the minimum detection limits were estimated as 0.2 and 0.5 ng per tube for the (Z)- and (E)-isomers of 1,3-DCP, respectively, and 2.0 ng per tube for MITC. With the automated headspace method, sample preparation was simplified and sample throughput was greatly enhanced, and up to 200 samples could be analyzed on a 24-h basis under the optimum conditions. RP GAN, JY (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,PESTICIDE & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 28 PY 1994 VL 684 IS 1 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(94)89138-9 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PP728 UT WOS:A1994PP72800013 ER PT J AU BROGDEN, KA MEEHAN, JT LEHMKUHL, HD AF BROGDEN, KA MEEHAN, JT LEHMKUHL, HD TI SALMONELLA ARIZONAE INFECTION AND COLONIZATION OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT OF SHEEP SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Note C1 HAZLETON LABS,MADISON,WI. RP BROGDEN, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD OCT 22 PY 1994 VL 135 IS 17 BP 410 EP 411 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PP342 UT WOS:A1994PP34200009 PM 7856034 ER PT J AU SIVAKUMAR, B JAHOOR, F BURRIN, DG FRAZER, EM REEDS, PJ AF SIVAKUMAR, B JAHOOR, F BURRIN, DG FRAZER, EM REEDS, PJ TI FRACTIONAL SYNTHESIS RATES OF RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN, TRANSTHYRETIN, AND A NEW PEPTIDE MEASURED BY STABLE-ISOTOPE TECHNIQUES IN NEONATAL PIGS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE-RECEPTOR; LIVER PARENCHYMAL-CELLS; VITAMIN-A; CALORIE MALNUTRITION; PREALBUMIN CONCENTRATIONS; PLASMA; METABOLISM; COMPLEX; TRANSPORT; TURNOVER AB Our objective was to develop a stable isotopic method to measure the synthesis rates of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR). Both proteins were isolated from human and pig plasma by sequential immunoprecipitation and purified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Both human and pig anti RBP precipitates contained a peptide (TTR2) that had a molecular mass that was similar but not identical to that of TTR subunit. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of porcine TTR2 was highly but not completely homologous with porcine TTR. Human TTR2 showed no homology with TTR but was completely ho mologous with an internal sequence of human fibrinogen alpha chain. To measure the fractional rates of synthesis (FRS) of these peptides, six infant pigs were infused with [H-2(3)]leucine at a constant rate for 6 h, and the amount of [H-2(3)]leucine incorporated into the proteins was measured by negative chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The plateau isotope ratio of plasma very low density lipoprotein apoB-100-bound leucine was used to estimate the isotopic enrichment of hepatic protein synthetic precursor pool. The mean FRS (% h +/- S.E.) of TTR (1.97 +/- 0.13) and RBP (3.89 +/- 0.07) were significantly different. The FRS of TTR2 was low (0.31 +/- 0.19) relative to that of RBP and TTR. Thus, three different peptides with different turnover rates seem to be involved in the transport of retinol. RP SIVAKUMAR, B (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 21 PY 1994 VL 269 IS 42 BP 26196 EP 26200 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PQ930 UT WOS:A1994PQ93000041 PM 7929333 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP AF FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP TI MASS-SPECTRA OF PIPERIDIDE AND TRIMETHYLSILYL ESTER DERIVATIVES OF THE MAJOR METABOLITE OF PROSTAGLANDIN-F SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE PROSTAGLANDIN F; METABOLITE; PGF-M; AMIDES; ELECTRON IONIZATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY ID 11-ALPHA-HYDROXY-9,15-DIOXO-2,3,4,5,20-PENTANOR-19-CARBOXYPROSTANOIC ACID; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; URINARY METABOLITE AB The electron ionization mass spectra of three piperidides and four trimethylsilyl ester derivatives of the major urinary metabolite of prostaglandins F-1 alpha and F-2 alpha (PGF-M) are presented and discussed. The proposed fragmentation pathways are based on substituent shifts, on data from deuterium-labeled methyloxime analogs, and those from pyrrolidide homologs. RP FERRETTI, A (reprint author), USDA,ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,ROOM 122,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 74 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1016/0009-3084(94)90112-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PT395 UT WOS:A1994PT39500007 ER PT J AU RALPH, J HATFIELD, RD QUIDEAU, S HELM, RF GRABBER, JH JUNG, HJG AF RALPH, J HATFIELD, RD QUIDEAU, S HELM, RF GRABBER, JH JUNG, HJG TI PATHWAY OF P-COUMARIC ACID INCORPORATION INTO MAIZE LIGNIN AS REVEALED BY NMR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; ESTER CROSS-LINKS; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; MODEL COMPOUNDS; C-13 NMR; CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; SYRINGYL LIGNIN; ETHER LINKAGE; GRASS LIGNINS; WOOD LIGNIN AB NMR methods can be used to delineate detailed structural and regiochemical information on the plant cell wall and elucidate biochemical incorporation pathways. Maize lignin isolated in high yield from rind tissue of stem internodes contained high amounts of esterified p-coumaric acid. Available literature indicated that acylation of the lignin by p-coumaric acid was at the alpha- or gamma-position of the lignin side chain, implicating two diverse biochemical pathways. Application of C-13-H-1 correlative NMR experiments to this maize lignin, synthetic alpha- and gamma-p-coumaroylated lignin model compounds, and a specifically labeled synthetic coniferyl alcohol/coniferyl p-coumarate dehydrogenation polymer (DHP) unambiguously revealed that p-coumaric acid is attached exclusively at the gamma-position. The biochemical implication is that lignin acylation occurs by enzymatically controlled pre-acylation of lignin monomers which are subsequently incorporated into the lignin polymer via oxidative coupling. ''Opportunistic'' acylation at the alpha-position via quinone methide intermediates is insignificant. RP USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, 1925 LINDEN DR W, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. OI Helm, Richard/0000-0001-5317-0925 NR 72 TC 265 Z9 268 U1 7 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 19 PY 1994 VL 116 IS 21 BP 9448 EP 9456 DI 10.1021/ja00100a006 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PN452 UT WOS:A1994PN45200006 ER PT J AU VANALSENOY, C FRENCH, AD CAO, M NEWTON, SQ SCHAFER, L AF VANALSENOY, C FRENCH, AD CAO, M NEWTON, SQ SCHAFER, L TI AB-INITIO MIA AND MOLECULAR MECHANICS STUDIES OF THE DISTORTED SUCROSE LINKAGE OF RAFFINOSE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISACCHARIDE CONFORMATIONAL FLEXIBILITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TETRASACCHARIDE NYSTOSE; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ANOMERIC FORMS; FORCE-FIELD; MM3; MONOHYDRATE; MALTOSE; TRIHYDRATE AB A conformational energy map for a tetrahydropyran-tetrahydrofuran analogue of sucrose was calculated with ab initio quantum mechanics. Geometries were optimized at the HF/4-21G level, using the MIA approximation. The highest energy (with the exception of trichlorogalactosucrose) corresponding to a conformation of an observed crystal structure was for the sucrose moiety in crystalline raffinose. It was less than 1.5 kcal/mol above the local minimum occupied by sucrose, and calculations with larger HF basis sets converged at an energy difference of 2.9 kcal/mol. On the other hand, MM3(92) energies for the raffinose conformation are improbably high, 7 or 8 kcal/mol above the global minimum, whether or not the galactose residue is included in the calculation. Intra- and intermolecular MM3 forces in a miniature model of crystalline raffinose pentahydrate were unable to account for the observed conformation. Also, other observed crystalline sucrose conformations correspond poorly to low-energy regions on MM2, MM3, and other molecular mechanics surfaces. About 6 kcal/mol of the 8 kcal/mol difference in conformational energies comes from the torsion angles involving the anomeric center on the furanose ring. This suggests that even MM3, which has been very successful in modeling other disaccharides, miscalculates the energies of compounds that have overlapping anomeric sequences. C1 USDA, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP, DEPT CHEM, B-2610 WILRIJK, BELGIUM. UNIV ARKANSAS, DEPT CHEM, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. JOHN BROWN UNIV, SILOAM SPRINGS, AR 72761 USA. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 19 PY 1994 VL 116 IS 21 BP 9590 EP 9595 DI 10.1021/ja00100a025 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PN452 UT WOS:A1994PN45200025 ER PT J AU HAYMAN, GT MIERNYK, JA AF HAYMAN, GT MIERNYK, JA TI THE NUCLEOTIDE AND DEDUCED AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES OF A PEPTIDYL-PROLYL CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE FROM ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Note DE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PEPTIDYL-PROLYL CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE; CYCLOPHILIN A; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN FOLDING; (ARABIDOPSIS) ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CYCLOSPORINE-A; CYCLOPHILIN; PROTEIN; GENE; CDNA; EXPRESSION; CHAPERONE; CELL AB The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone from Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia was determined, and the corresponding amino acid sequence deduced. The predicted sequence is highly homologous to those of members of the cyclophilin A-family of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases. The tryptophan residue necessary for interaction with cyclosporin A is located at approximately the same position in the plant sequence as it is in mammalian sequences. The carboxy-terminus of the plant prolyl isomerase sequence contains a cryptic prenylation motif. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD OCT 18 PY 1994 VL 1219 IS 2 BP 536 EP 538 DI 10.1016/0167-4781(94)90083-3 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PN104 UT WOS:A1994PN10400038 PM 7918654 ER PT J AU POCH, GK POWELL, RG PLATTNER, RD WEISLEDER, D AF POCH, GK POWELL, RG PLATTNER, RD WEISLEDER, D TI RELATIVE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF FUMONISIN B-1 AT C-2 AND C-3 SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA AB Relative stereochemistry of the mycotoxin fumonisin B-1 at C-2 and C-3 has been established as threo by NMR studies of synthetic oxazoline derivatives. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MWA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD OCT 17 PY 1994 VL 35 IS 42 BP 7707 EP 7710 DI 10.1016/0040-4039(94)80098-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA PM953 UT WOS:A1994PM95300002 ER PT J AU BRADBURNE, JA MATHIS, JN ISRAEL, DW AF BRADBURNE, JA MATHIS, JN ISRAEL, DW TI NIF GENE-EXPRESSION IN A NIF(+), FIX(-) BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM VARIANT SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE NIF GENE EXPRESSION; NIF(+)/FIX(-); BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM COLONY MORPHOLOGY VARIANT ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; SOYBEAN NODULES; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIVES; SYMBIOSIS; USDA-110; MUTANTS AB Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 has been shown to contain several genetically similar, naturally occurring colony morphology variants. One of these variants, L2-110, although devoid of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, retains significant levels of ex planta nitrogen fixation ability relative to other symbiotically competent USDA 110 variants (MN-110 and I-110). Interestingly, Northern blot analyses revealed that L2-110 nodules, despite their lack of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, contained 65% the level of mRNA for dinitrogenase (nifDK) and 64% the level of dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) mRNA relative to MN-110 nodules. Western blot analyses of tissue from the same nodules detected 32% the level of dinitrogenase and 31% the level of dinitrogenase reductase in L2-110 relative to MN-110. L2-110 appears to be a new class of mutant based on the complete absence of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Fix(-)) and the presence of significant ex planta nitrogen fixation (Nif(+)). C1 W GEORGIA COLL,DEPT BIOL,CARROLLTON,GA 30118. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30332. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. FU NCRR NIH HHS [2S07RR07024-23] NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0378-1097(94)90279-8 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM231 UT WOS:A1994PM23100014 PM 7988904 ER PT J AU COOK, GM RUSSELL, JB AF COOK, GM RUSSELL, JB TI ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES OF 2-DEOXYGLUCOSE RESISTANCE AND LOW-AFFINITY GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT IN THE RUMINAL BACTERIA, STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS AND SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE SELENOMONAS RUMINANTIUM; STREPTOCOCCUS BOVIS; RUMEN; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE; FACILITATED DIFFUSION ID PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE; GROWTH; 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE; PHOSPHORYLATION; LACTIS AB Streptococcus bovis and Selenomonas ruminantium grew in the presence of the glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), but the cells no longer had high affinity glucose transport. In S. bovis, 2-DG resistance was correlated with a decrease in phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent glucose phosphotransferase (PTS) activity. The 2-DG-selected S. bovis cells relied solely upon a low affinity, facilitated diffusion mechanism of glucose transport and a 2-DG-resistant glucokinase (ATP-dependent), The glucokinase activity of S. ruminantium was competitively inhibited by 2-DG, and the 2-DG selected cells continued to use PEP-dependent PTS as a mechanism of glucose transport. In this latter case, the 2-DG selected cells switched from a mannosephosphotransferase (enzyme II) that phosphorylated glucose, mannose, and 2-DG, but not alpha-methylglucoside to a glucosephosphotransferase (enzyme II) that phosphorylated glucose and cu-methylglucoside but not 2-DG or mannose. The glucosephosphotransferase (enzyme II) had a very low affinity for glucose and the transport kinetics were similar to the facilitated diffusion system of S bovis. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI Cook, Gregory/E-5665-2011 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PM231 UT WOS:A1994PM23100031 PM 7988891 ER PT J AU MILLER, LE COWEN, P HONEYCUTT, TL MORROW, WEM HUESTON, WD AF MILLER, LE COWEN, P HONEYCUTT, TL MORROW, WEM HUESTON, WD TI A RESEARCH FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF REGULATORY INFORMATION-SYSTEMS CAPACITIES FOR INVESTIGATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC FACTORS IN PSEUDORABIES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; SWINE; HERDS AB Pseudorabies (PR) outbreak-investigation forms from 10 states having the most PR-infected herds were evaluated for agreement in question response-data type, information intent, and outbreak information categories. A question randomly selected from an investigation form had 0.6304 probability of being unique to a single state, and 0.0062 probability of being common to all stales. Analysis of outbreak forms, on the basis of information intent, revealed that the probability of a randomly selected question being derived from an information category unique to a single state was 0.0323, whereas the probability of a question being derived from an information category shared by all states was 0.1935. A telephone survey revealed that slate PR control officials did not believe additional research on between-herd spread of PR was necessary to successfully complete the eradication program. However, officials believed a better understanding of PR risk factors would enhance program effectiveness and build producer confidence. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PARASITOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. USDA APHIS,VS,CTR EPIDEMIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. USDA APHIS,VS,CTR ANIM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 205 IS 8 BP 1133 EP 1139 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PL351 UT WOS:A1994PL35100012 PM 7890570 ER PT J AU MILLER, LE HONEYCUTT, TL COWEN, P MORROW, WEM HUESTON, WD AF MILLER, LE HONEYCUTT, TL COWEN, P MORROW, WEM HUESTON, WD TI DEVELOPING AN INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR REGULATORY VETERINARY-MEDICINE - A NATIONAL IMPERATIVE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Lack of a standardized information technology management strategy has resulted in state and federal information systems evolving separately, rather than in tandem. Absence of an information management strategy will eventually affect regulatory program management, epidemiologic research, and domestic and international livestock trade. Producers will ultimately pay the price for the lack of regulatory coordination of US animal health and disease information. The longer the development of slate and federal information technology management strategies is postponed, the more cost-, labor-, and time-intensive correcting the deficiency will be. Development of a national information resources management environment is the first seep in constructing state and federal information technology strategies. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PARASITOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. USDA APHIS,APHIS,VS,CTR EPIDEMIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. USDA,APHIS,VS,CTR ANIM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 205 IS 8 BP 1140 EP 1144 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PL351 UT WOS:A1994PL35100013 PM 7890571 ER PT J AU EHRLICH, KC MONTALBANO, BG MULLANEY, EJ DISCHINGER, HC ULLAH, AHJ AF EHRLICH, KC MONTALBANO, BG MULLANEY, EJ DISCHINGER, HC ULLAH, AHJ TI AN ACID-PHOSPHATASE FROM ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM HAS HOMOLOGY TO PENICILLIUM-CHRYSOGENUM PHOA SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ACTIVE-SITE; PHYTASE; PURIFICATION; GENE; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; OVEREXPRESSION; CLONING; PROTEIN AB Three secreted acid phosphatases had previously been characterized from Aspergillus ficuum grown under conditions of limited phosphate. One of these could not be readily separated from AFPhyB, a pH 2.5 optimum acid phosphatase with phytase activity. From extensive protein sequence analysis and subsequent cloning of the gene, we have shown that the AFPhyB protein fraction contains a fourth secreted acid phosphatase (AFPhoA) that has 64% homology to a phosphate-repressible acid phosphatase from Penicillium chrysogenum, Garnier plot analysis revealed that the putative phosphate catalytic domain of AFPhoA at His(215)Asp(216) is similar to those of other acid phosphatases, but that AFPhoA lacks the phosphate-binding motif RHGXRXP of known histidine phosphatases. (C) 1944 Academic Press, Inc. RP EHRLICH, KC (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD OCT 14 PY 1994 VL 204 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2426 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PM044 UT WOS:A1994PM04400010 PM 7945393 ER PT J AU ORTH, AB RZHETSKAYA, M CULLEN, D TIEN, M AF ORTH, AB RZHETSKAYA, M CULLEN, D TIEN, M TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A CDNA-ENCODING A MANGANESE PEROXIDASE FROM PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM - GENOMIC ORGANIZATION OF LIGNIN AND MANGANESE PEROXIDASE-ENCODING GENES SO GENE LA English DT Note DE LIGNINASE GENE FAMILY; CHEF ELECTROPHORESIS; WOOD-ROTTING FUNGI ID FUNGUS TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; DEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; CLONING; HORSERADISH; FAMILY AB Two heme proteins, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP), play key roles in the fungal depolymerization of lignin. Many cDNA and genomic clones encoding these peroxidases have been published. We report here on the cDNA lambda MP-2 encoding the MnP isozyme H3 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain BKM-F-1767. We also demonstrate that the MnP-encoding gene, lambda MP-1, encoding isozyme H4, and lambda MP-2 reside on separate chromosomes from each other and from the LiP-encoding genes. From these results, it is apparent that lambda MP-2 is not linked to lambda MP-1 or other genes believed to be involved in lignin depolymerization, such as the LiP and glyoxal oxidase. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1-F32-ES05503, 1-P42ES04922-01] NR 42 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD OCT 11 PY 1994 VL 148 IS 1 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90251-8 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA PM492 UT WOS:A1994PM49200026 PM 7926830 ER PT J AU REED, JR VANDERWEL, D CHOI, SW POMONIS, JG REITZ, RC BLOMQUIST, GJ AF REED, JR VANDERWEL, D CHOI, SW POMONIS, JG REITZ, RC BLOMQUIST, GJ TI UNUSUAL MECHANISM OF HYDROCARBON FORMATION IN THE HOUSEFLY - CYTOCHROME-P450 CONVERTS ALDEHYDE TO THE SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENT (Z)-9-TRICOSENE AND CO2 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HYDROCARBON BIOSYNTHESIS; FATTY ACYL-COA ID ALKANE BIOSYNTHESIS; STEREOCHEMICAL IMPLICATIONS; MICROSOMAL PREPARATION; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FATTY ALDEHYDE; DECARBONYLATION; 1-ALKENES; ACIDS AB An unusual mechanism for hydrocarbon biosynthesis is proposed from work examining the formation of (Z)-9-tricosene (Z9-23:Hy), the major sex pheromone component of the female housefly, Musca domestica. Incubation of (Z)-15-[1-C-14]- and (Z)-15-[15,16-H-3(2)]tetracosenoic acid (24:1 fatty acid) with microsomes from houseflies gave equal amounts of [3H]Z9-23:Hy and (CO2)-C-14. The formation of CO2 and not CO, as reported for hydrocarbon formation in plants, animals, and microorganisms [Dennis, M. and Kolattukudy, P. E. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 5306-5310], was verified by trapping agents and by radio-GLC analysis. Incubation of (2)-15-[15,16-3H(2)] tetracosenoyl-CoA with microsomal preparations in the presence of NADPH and O-2 gave almost equal amounts of (Z)-15-H-3(2)]tetrasosenal (24:1 aldehyde) and Z9-23:Hy. Addition of increasing amounts of hydroxylamine (aldehyde trapping agent) caused a decrease in hydrocarbon formation with a concomitant increase in oxime (aldehyde derivative) formation. The 24:1 aldehyde was efficiently converted to (Z)-9-tricosene only in the presence of both NADPH and O-2. Bubbling carbon monoxide (20:80 CO/O-2) or including an antibody against housefly cytochrome P450 reductase inhibited the formation Z9-23:Hy from 24:1 aldehyde. These data demonstrate an unusual mechanism for hydrocarbon formation in insects in which the acyl-CoA is reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and then carbon-1 is removed as CO2. The requirement for NADPH and O-2 and the inhibition by CO and the antibody to cytochrome P450 reductase strongly implicate the participation of a cytochrome P450 in this reaction. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT BIOCHEM,RENO,NV 89557. USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 25 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 11 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 21 BP 10000 EP 10004 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.21.10000 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PM138 UT WOS:A1994PM13800069 PM 7937826 ER PT J AU SCHMERR, MJ GOODWIN, KR CUTLIP, RC AF SCHMERR, MJ GOODWIN, KR CUTLIP, RC TI CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS OF THE SCRAPIE PRION PROTEIN FROM SHEEP BRAIN SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis (HPCE 94) CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; LYMPH-NODES; RESISTANT; PRP; SPLEEN; COLUMN; MICE AB Scrapie in sheep and goats causes a progressive, degenerative disease of the central nervous system and is the prototype of other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) found in humans and in animals. In samples of TSE-affected brains, unique rod-shaped structures are found acid are infectious. These rods are composed of a protease-resistant, post-translationally modified cellular protein (PrPsc)? that has a molecular mass of ca. 27 000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Laboratory tests used for the diagnosis of scrapie detect PrPsc. The overall concentration of PrPsc in tissues is low. The present methods to diagnose scrapie are lengthy, require relatively large quantities of starting material to detect PrPsc and lack sensitivity. We explored the use of free zone capillary electrophoresis and immunocomplex formation to detect PrPsc in the brain tissue of infected sheep. Brain tissue from both infected (as confirmed by histological and biological tests) and from normal animals was used to prepare the PrPsc. After treatment with proteinase K and non-ionic detergents, PrPsc was solubilized and reacted with a rabbit antiserum specific for a peptide of the prion protein. Immunocomplex formation was observed for the samples from scrapie-infected brain but not for samples from normal brain. When a fluorescein-labeled goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin was used as a second antibody, the detection of immunocomplex formation was enhanced both by the immunological technique and by using laser-induced fluorescence for detection. This same rabbit antiserum was used on immunoblot analysis. Three bands were observed for material from an infected sheep but none in preparations from brain material from normal sheep. Capillary electrophoresis can be used to show immunocomplex formation when PrPsc is present in sheep brain. RP SCHMERR, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 7 PY 1994 VL 680 IS 2 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85142-5 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PM250 UT WOS:A1994PM25000012 PM 7981826 ER PT J AU OECHEL, WC COWLES, S GRULKE, N HASTINGS, SJ LAWRENCE, B PRUDHOMME, T RIECHERS, G STRAIN, B TISSUE, D VOURLITIS, G AF OECHEL, WC COWLES, S GRULKE, N HASTINGS, SJ LAWRENCE, B PRUDHOMME, T RIECHERS, G STRAIN, B TISSUE, D VOURLITIS, G TI TRANSIENT NATURE OF CO2 FERTILIZATION IN ARCTIC TUNDRA SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; ELEVATED CO2; TUSSOCK TUNDRA; CLIMATE CHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; UNMANAGED ECOSYSTEMS; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; MINERAL-NUTRITION; SOIL-TEMPERATURE AB THERE has been much debate about the effect of increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant net primary production(1,3) and on net ecosystem CO2 flux(3-10). Apparently conflicting experimental findings could be the result of differences in genetic potential(11-15) and resource availability(16-20), different experimental conditions(21-24) and the fact that many studies have focused on individual components of the system(2,21,25-27) rather than the whole ecosystem. Here we present results of an in situ experiment on the response of an intact native ecosystem to elevated CO2. An undisturbed patch of tussock tundra at Toolik Lake, Alaska, was enclosed in greenhouses in which the CO2 level, moisture and temperature could be controlled(28), and was subjected to ambient (340 p.p.m.) and elevated (680 p.p.m.) levels of CO2 and temperature (+4 degrees C). Air humidity, precipitation and soil water table were maintained at ambient control levels. For a doubled CO2 level alone, complete homeostasis of the CO2 flux was re-established within three Sears, whereas the regions exposed to a combination of higher temperatures and doubled CO2 showed persistent fertilization effect on net ecosystem carbon sequestration over this time. This difference may be due to enhanced sink activity from the direct effects of higher temperatures on growth(16,29-33) and to indirect effects from enhanced nutrient supply caused by increased mineralization(10,11,19,27,34). These results indicate that the responses of native ecosystems to elevated CO2 may not always be positive, and are unlikely to be straightforward. Clearly, CO2 fertilization effects must always be considered in the context of genetic limitation, resource availability and other such factors. C1 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,SYST ECOL RES GRP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD HUMAN GENOME CTR,DEPT GENET,STANFORD,CA 94305. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. OMEGA MED SYST INC,RALEIGH,NC 27619. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP OECHEL, WC (reprint author), SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,GLOBAL CHANGE RES GRP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182, USA. RI Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Tissue, David/H-6596-2015 OI Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Tissue, David/0000-0002-8497-2047 NR 79 TC 169 Z9 178 U1 3 U2 46 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 6 PY 1994 VL 371 IS 6497 BP 500 EP 503 DI 10.1038/371500a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PK589 UT WOS:A1994PK58900050 ER PT J AU MATHEWS, DE DURBIN, RD AF MATHEWS, DE DURBIN, RD TI MECHANISTIC ASPECTS OF TAGETITOXIN INHIBITION OF RNA-POLYMERASE FROM ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RIFAMPICIN INHIBITION; TRANSCRIPTION; INITIATION; PROMOTER; LEAVES; ASSAY; TOXIN AB Tagetitoxin inhibits RNA synthesis directed by bacterial RNA polymerase, and the current study explores several mechanistic aspects of this inhibition. Tagetitoxin inhibition of in vitro RNA synthesis directed by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is independent of the template DNA concentration. The toxin can block Escherichia coli RNA polymerase during elongation of a nascent RNA chain. In abortive initiation assays, the rate of dinucleotide formation is inhibited by tagetitoxin when initiated with ATP or CpA but not when AMP is used to initiate. Formation of longer oligonucleotides is inhibited by the toxin regardless of the initiating nucleotide. These abortive initiation studies indicate that tagetitoxin does not affect nucleotide substrate binding or phosphodiester bond formation and suggest that the toxin may interfere with a subsequent step. It is suggested that tagetitoxin affects the stability of nascent oligonucleotide binding and/or the translocation of the catalytic center with respect to the 3'-OH of nascent oligonucleotides. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 4 PY 1994 VL 33 IS 39 BP 11987 EP 11992 DI 10.1021/bi00205a038 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PK340 UT WOS:A1994PK34000038 PM 7918417 ER PT J AU JACYNO, JM HARWOOD, JS CUTLER, HG DULIK, DM AF JACYNO, JM HARWOOD, JS CUTLER, HG DULIK, DM TI STRUCTURE AND SOLUTION-STATE CONFORMATION OF BOTCINOLIDE, A NEW BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE METABOLITE FROM THE FUNGUS BOTRYTIS-CINEREA SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; NMR; ASSIGNMENTS AB The structure of botcinolide, a new, phytotoxic, trihydroxylated nona-lactone, esterified with 4-hydroxy-2-octenoic acid, has been elucidated using both spectroscopic and chemical techniques. Botcinolide is a metabolite of the mould Botrytis cinerea (UK185RRC). C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60607. OHIO NO UNIV,COLL PHARM,ADA,OH 45810. US ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PHARMACEUT,DEPT DRUG METAB,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA 19406. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD OCT 3 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 40 BP 11585 EP 11592 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85653-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA PL145 UT WOS:A1994PL14500002 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, WW CRIM, MC DALLAL, GE YOUNG, VR EVANS, WJ AF CAMPBELL, WW CRIM, MC DALLAL, GE YOUNG, VR EVANS, WJ TI INCREASED PROTEIN-REQUIREMENTS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE - NEW DATA AND RETROSPECTIVE REASSESSMENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PROTEINS; NITROGEN BALANCE; RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE; ELDERLY PEOPLE ID NITROGEN-BALANCE; EGG PROTEIN; MEN; YOUNG; WOMEN AB Dietary protein requirements of elderly people were determined by short-term nitrogen-balance techniques and using calculations recommended by the 1985 Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. Twelve men and women aged 56-80 y were randomly assigned to groups that consumed either 0.80 +/- 0.01 or 1.62 +/- 0.02 g protein.kg(-1).d(-1) (($) over bar x +/- SEM). Net nitrogen balance was negative for the lower-protein group (-4.6 +/- 3.4 mg N.kg(-1).d(-1)) and positive for the higher-protein group (13.6 +/- 1.0 mg N.kg(-1).d(-1)); the intake required for nitrogen equilibrium was estimated to be 1.00 g.kg(-1).d(-1). Nitrogen-balance data from three previous protein requirement studies in elderly people were recalculated by using the same balance formula and combined with the current study data to provide an overall weighted mean protein requirement estimate of 0.91 +/- 0.043 g.kg(-1).d(-1). Together, the current and retrospective nitrogen-balance data suggest that the mean protein requirement in elderly adults is considerably greater than the 0.60 g.kg(-1).d(-1) established by the 1985 Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. A safe protein intake for elderly adults would be 1.0-1.25 g.kg(-1).d(-1) of high-quality protein. C1 PENN STATE UNIV, NOLL PHYSIOL RES CTR, NOLL LAB 119, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. MIT, HUMAN NUTR LAB, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG11811-01] NR 32 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 60 IS 4 BP 501 EP 509 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PJ930 UT WOS:A1994PJ93000006 PM 8092084 ER PT J AU HARRIS, SS DAWSONHUGHES, B AF HARRIS, SS DAWSONHUGHES, B TI CAFFEINE AND BONE LOSS IN HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CAFFEINE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BONE MINERAL DENSITY; URINARY CALCIUM EXCRETION ID DIETARY CAFFEINE; MINERAL CONTENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CALCIUM INTAKE; RISK FACTOR; PREMENOPAUSAL; MENOPAUSE; DENSITY; YOUNG; MASS AB The effects of caffeine consumption on rates of change in bone mineral density (BMD) were examined in 205 healthy, nonsmoking, postmenopausal women. BMD of the spine and total body were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and dietary intakes by food-frequency questionnaire. Among women with calcium intakes above the median (744 mg/d), 1-y rates of bone change-adjusted for years since menopause, body mass index, physical activity, and baseline BMD-did not differ by caffeine intake. However, among women consuming less calcium, those with the highest caffeine intakes (> 450 mg/d) had significantly more bone loss (ANCOVA, P < 0.05) than did women consuming less caffeine (0-171 and 182-419 mg/d). Percent change in BMD by lowest to highest tertile of caffeine consumption was 0.26 +/- 2.74, 0.70 +/- 2.70, and -1.36 +/- 2.70 at the spine and -0.19 +/- 1.24, 0.23 +/- 1.23, and -0.68 +/- 1.25 at the total body. Daily consumption of caffeine in amounts equal to or greater than that obtained from about two to three servings of brewed coffee may accelerate bone loss from the spine and total body in women with calcium intakes below the recommended dietary allowance of 800 mg. RP HARRIS, SS (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 36 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 60 IS 4 BP 573 EP 578 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PJ930 UT WOS:A1994PJ93000015 PM 8092093 ER PT J AU MENGELING, WL LAGER, KM VORWALD, AC AF MENGELING, WL LAGER, KM VORWALD, AC TI TEMPORAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSPLACENTAL INFECTION OF PORCINE FETUSES WITH PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MYSTERY SWINE DISEASE; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; EPIDEMIC ABORTION; LELYSTAD VIRUS; REACTIVATION; STRAIN; SOWS AB Pregnant gilts were exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by IV inoculation at or about gestation day 30 (3 gilts), 50 (3 gilts), 70 (3 gilts), or 90 (5 gilts) to investigate the likelihood of transplacental infection with PRRSV at various stages of gestation. At or about 3, 6, and 9 weeks after exposure, gilts were either euthanatized while still pregnant or allowed to farrow. Gilts and pigs were observed for clinical signs of infection, and gilts, pig, and fetuses were tested for PRRSV and homologous antibody. All gilts were healthy throughout the study, except that farrowing was sometimes difficult and prolonged, and 2 gilts failed to farrow the entire litter. One gilt farrowed on day 111 of gestation; all others farrowed on day 114 or later. Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus was isolated from significantly (chi(2) test, P < 0.01) more fetuses and live and stillborn pigs of the 5 gilts that were infected at 90 or 92 days of gestation than from the fetuses and live and stillborn pigs of the 9 gilts that were infected at 72 or fewer days of gestation tie, 33 of 44, 75% vs 3 of 78, 4%). After initial infection, PRRSV was isolated from gilts and their pigs for a maximum of 3 weeks and 8 to 11 weeks, respectively. Findings of this study, with regard to the temporal aspects of transplacental infection, may help explain why natural epizootics of PRRSV-induced maternal reproductive failure are often recognized principally as problems of late-term gestation and neonatal survival. RP MENGELING, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 23 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1391 EP 1398 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PJ403 UT WOS:A1994PJ40300007 PM 7998696 ER PT J AU WHITE, WB WHIPPLE, DL STABEL, JR BOLIN, CA AF WHITE, WB WHIPPLE, DL STABEL, JR BOLIN, CA TI COMPARISON OF CELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS EXPRESSED BY VARIOUS ISOLATES OF MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS AND OTHER MYCOBACTERIAL SPECIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; PARA-TUBERCULOSIS; JOHNES DISEASE; CROHNS-DISEASE; DNA PROBES; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS AB Protein expression profiles of 10 isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, M avium 18 (formerly M paratuberculosis 18), and 1 isolate each of M avium serotype 2, M avium serotype 8, and M bovis BCG were examined. Protein expression profiles of M paratuberculosis and M avium were similar. However, two-dimensional gel analysis of [S-35]methionine-labeled cellular proteins resolved 4 proteins, with molecular mass of 28,000, 32,000, 32,000, and 42,000 daltons, which were expressed in greater amounts in M paratuberculosis than in M avium. Two proteins, with molecular mass of 43,000 and 60,000 daltons, were identified, which were expressed in greater amounts in M avium than in M paratuberculosis. Immune (western)-blot analysis, using antiserum from 2 cows clinically infected with M paratuberculosis as the primary antibodies, suggested that the 42,000-dalton protein may be specific for M paratuberculosis. Comparison of protein expression profiles may be useful as a tool for differentiating isolates of M paratuberculosis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [S-35]methionine-labeled extracellular proteins revealed variability among the isolates. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [S-35]methionine-labeled cellular proteins divided the M paratuberculosis isolates into 2 groups on the basis of a difference in the amount of expression of a 28,000-dalton protein. This information may be useful in epidemiologic studies. RP WHITE, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1399 EP 1405 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PJ403 UT WOS:A1994PJ40300008 PM 7998697 ER PT J AU NELMS, CO BLEIER, WJ OTIS, DL LINZ, GM AF NELMS, CO BLEIER, WJ OTIS, DL LINZ, GM TI POPULATION ESTIMATES OF BREEDING BLACKBIRDS IN NORTH-DAKOTA, 1967, 1981-1982 AND 1990 SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), and common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) were censused on 129 quarter sections in North Dakota during May 1990. Statewide population estimates of breeding blackbirds in North Dakota were 1,143,000 (SE = 179,000) pairs of red-winged blackbirds, 391,000 (SE = 211,000) pairs of yellow-headed blackbirds, and 768,000 (SE = 188,000) pairs of common grackles. Censuses of the same quarter sections had been made in 1967 and 1981-1982. Red-winged blackbirds declined from 1967 to 1981-1982 and from 1981-1982 to 1990. Number of yellow-headed blackbirds were lower in 1990 than in 1981-1982, but did not differ from 1967. Numbers of common grackles increased from 1967 to 1981-1982, but did not change from 1981-1982 to 1990. Red-winged blackbirds (50%) and yellow-headed blackbirds (99%) were most frequently observed in wetlands. Residences and farmsteads, including associated vegetation, were important to common grackles with 64% observed in this habitat. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,N DAKOTA FIELD STN,FARGO,ND 58105. CLEMSON UNIV,S CAROLINA COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,CLEMSON,SC 29634. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 132 IS 2 BP 256 EP 263 DI 10.2307/2426581 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PN874 UT WOS:A1994PN87400007 ER PT J AU CLINTON, BD BORING, LR AF CLINTON, BD BORING, LR TI REGENERATION PATTERNS IN CANOPY GAPS OF MIXED-OAK FORESTS OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS - INFLUENCES OF TOPOGRAPHIC POSITION AND EVERGREEN UNDERSTORY SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PLANT-SPECIES-DIVERSITY; RHODODENDRON-MAXIMUM; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; HARDWOOD FOREST; GROWTH; TREES; VEGETATION; SUCCESSION; MOUNTAINS; TREEFALL AB Canopy gaps in southern Appalachian mixed-oak forests were assessed for the effects of topographic, gap and stand variables on density of wood seedlings. Seedling density was significantly correlated with percent slope and positively with gap age (1-5 yr). Density varied substantially among topographic positions and increased with gap size. Species richness decreased over time and increased with gap size. Regeneration was dominated by Acer rubrum L. Other important species included Quercus coccinea Muench., Q. rubra L., Q. velutina Lamarck, Liriodendron tulipifera L. and Cornus florida L. Some known gap species increased in density with increasing gap size. Competitive inhibition effects of the evergreen understory (Rhododendron maximum L. and Kalmia latifolia L.) were also examined. Gaps containing over 50% cover of R. maximum had significantly lower densities than all other gaps, including gaps with >50% K. latifolia cover. Height distributions of major regenerating species were skewed away from small (<15 cm) height classes. Species establishment was a function of gap area, gap age, topographic position and cover of R. maximum. In addition, species of varying degrees of tolerance of understory conditions are capable of establishment in small to medium size canopy openings in the absence of an evergreen shrub understory. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP CLINTON, BD (reprint author), USDA,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 56 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 132 IS 2 BP 308 EP 319 DI 10.2307/2426587 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PN874 UT WOS:A1994PN87400013 ER PT J AU BYINGTON, TS GOTTSCHALK, KW MCGRAW, JB AF BYINGTON, TS GOTTSCHALK, KW MCGRAW, JB TI WITHIN-POPULATION VARIATION IN RESPONSE OF RED OAK SEEDLINGS TO HERBIVORY BY GYPSY-MOTH LARVAE SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIATION; QUERCUS-RUBRA; BIRCH FOLIAGE; PLANT; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; INSECTS; DEFOLIATION; SELECTION; DEFENSE AB The potential for an evolutionary response to gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) herbivory was investigated in red oak (Quercus rubra L.), a preferred host. Seedlings of nine open-pollinated families were grown in a greenhouse and experimentally defoliated by fourth instar larvae in the summer of 1991 to assay for intraspecific variation in resistance to and recovery from herbivory. Defoliation increased mortality and reduced growth differentially among the nine families. Family differences in plant size before defoliation explained much of the variation in mortality and growth following defoliation. Different allocation patterns among families explained some of the variation in seedling growth. Absolute growth rate of larvae was significantly different among families and higher on individuals with larger leaf area, but resistance to defoliation and larval growth efficiency were not significantly different among families. Since we have not measured the additive genetic variation in seedling traits, the magnitude of the potential evolutionary response cannot be projected from this study, but intraspecific variability in red oak does exist for tolerance and response to defoliation and possibly for resource allocation. Phenotypic selection on traits related to response to defoliation may result in evolutionary change in natural populations of red oak. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 132 IS 2 BP 328 EP 339 DI 10.2307/2426589 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PN874 UT WOS:A1994PN87400015 ER PT J AU MEYER, SE KITCHEN, SG AF MEYER, SE KITCHEN, SG TI HABITAT-CORRELATED VARIATION IN SEED-GERMINATION RESPONSE TO CHILLING IN PENSTEMON SECTION GLABRI (SCROPHULARIACEAE) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; DORMANCY; PALMERI AB Members of Penstemon Section Glabri are common perennial herbs in habitats from desert shrublands to subalpine meadows throughout the Intermountain West. Germination response to moist chilling was evaluated for 36 populations belonging to 13 species within the section. Eleven species (P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. fremontii, P. laevis, P. leiophyllus, P. perpulcher, P. scariosus, P. speciosus, P. strictus and P. subglaber) had seeds that were largely dormant at harvest and responded positively to chilling, whereas two (P. ammophilus and P. commarhenus) had seeds that were largely nondormant. The proportion of seeds that could be rendered nondormant through chilling varied among species, populations and years of collection; many middle elevation collections contained a large fraction nonresponsive to chill. Most chill-responsive seeds germinated during prolonged chilling. Across species, germination rate during chilling was significantly correlated with mean January temperature at the collection site for each of 3 yr of collection, i.e., collections from habitats with warmer winters germinated more quickly in the cold than those from sites with colder winters. Similarly, the chilling period needed for maximal postchilling germination increased as collection site winter temperature decreased. Experiments with common garden-grown seeds of six of the species showed that patterns characteristic of wild-collected seeds persisted in the garden, indicating a probable genetic basis for the differences. Adaptive radiation in Penstemon Section Glabri has resulted in evolution of population-level germination syndromes that maximize the probability of establishment in a range of specific habitats. RP MEYER, SE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 132 IS 2 BP 349 EP 365 DI 10.2307/2426591 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PN874 UT WOS:A1994PN87400017 ER PT J AU ARCHIBALD, AL COUPERWHITE, S HALEY, CS BEATTIE, CW ALEXANDER, LJ AF ARCHIBALD, AL COUPERWHITE, S HALEY, CS BEATTIE, CW ALEXANDER, LJ TI RFLP AND LINKAGE ANALYSIS OF THE PORCINE CASEIN LOCI - CASAS1, CASAS2, CASB AND CASK SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Note DE PIG; CASEIN; LINKAGE; RFLPS ID CDNA; SEQUENCE; GENES; PIG AB Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were revealed at the porcine casein loci with the following combinations of restriction endonucleases and porcine cDNA clones: alpha(s1)-casein (TaqI); alpha(s2)-casein (BamHI); and beta-casein (SacI). These RFLPs were shown to be under simple monogenic control by segregation analysis of two- and three-generation families. The CASAS1, CASAS2 and CASB casein loci were also shown to be linked with no recombinant haplotypes observed amongst 77 meioses in Large White and Meishan F-1 and F-2 crosses. No recombinants were observed in a further 106 meioses that were informative for linkage between CASAS1 and CASAS2. C1 USDA ARS,NPA,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP ARCHIBALD, AL (reprint author), ROSLIN INST,ROSLIN EH25 9PS,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. RI Haley, Chris/F-3110-2013 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 25 IS 5 BP 349 EP 351 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA PR319 UT WOS:A1994PR31900010 PM 7818172 ER PT J AU DAVIS, ME BISHOP, MD AF DAVIS, ME BISHOP, MD TI A NOTE ON CONSEQUENCES OF SINGLE-TRAIT SELECTION FOR INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I (IGF-1) IN BEEF HEIFERS SO ANIMAL PRODUCTION LA English DT Note DE BEEF CATTLE; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; IGF-1; SELECTION; SOMATOMEDIN ID FACTOR-I PRECURSOR; SOMATOMEDIN-C; SERUM SOMATOMEDIN; BINDING-PROTEIN; GRANULOSA-CELLS; HORMONE; PUBERTY; BULLS; COWS; PERFORMANCE AB Eight sets of identical twin heifers and their first three calf crops were used to determine effects of single-trait selection for blood serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Twin heifers were offspring of Simmental sires and Hereford X Simmental or Hereford X Angus dams. All 16 heifers were mated with the same Simmental bull in each year of the study to produce calves born in 1989, 1990 and 1991 (no. = 16, 13 and 10, respectively). Although differences were noted in performance of progency from the four twins with the highest v. the four with the lowest IGF-1 concentrations, they were not large enough to recommend single-trait selection for blood serum IGF-1 in beef heifers. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP DAVIS, ME (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. RI Davis, Michael/K-6300-2012 NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU DURRANT PERIODICALS PI EAST LOTHIAN PA WINTON LEA PENCAITLAND, EAST LOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH34 5AY SN 0003-3561 J9 ANIM PROD PD OCT PY 1994 VL 59 BP 315 EP 320 PN 2 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA PL870 UT WOS:A1994PL87000018 ER PT J AU MMBAGA, MT STEADMAN, JR ROBERTS, JJ AF MMBAGA, MT STEADMAN, JR ROBERTS, JJ TI INTERACTION OF BEAN LEAF PUBESCENCE WITH RUST UREDINIOSPORE DEPOSITION AND SUBSEQUENT INFECTION DENSITY SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE UROMYCES-APPENDICULANTS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS RESISTANCE; RUST; BEAN; PUBESCENCE; INFECTION; TRICHOMES ID UROMYCES-PHASEOLI; AGE; RESISTANCE AB The role of dense straight trichomes on bean leaves associated with race-nonspecific resistance to rust was studied using a settling tower method for uniform inoculation. Abaxial leaf trichomes, which occur only on adult leaves, trapped significant numbers of urediniospores, especially those deposited in clusters, and resulted in reduced effective inoculum reaching the leaf surface. In the field where infection conditions are often less than optimum, leaf pubescence would partially explain the observed resistance. However, the observed increase in total number of spores as well as similar infection densities on fully expanded leaves of glabrous and pubescent genotypes cannot be explained by the trichomes. Other physical or chemical features of the leaf surface such as waxes or cations may play a role. The ecological fit of leaf pubescence is discussed. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,EXPERIMENT,GA 30212. RP MMBAGA, MT (reprint author), ICARDA,POB 5466,ALEPPO,SYRIA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA NATL VEGETABLE RES STATION WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK, ENGLAND CV35 9EF SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 125 IS 2 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1994.tb04966.x PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA QC701 UT WOS:A1994QC70100003 ER PT J AU ZERINGUE, HJ BHATNAGAR, D AF ZERINGUE, HJ BHATNAGAR, D TI EFFECTS OF NEEM LEAF VOLATILES ON SUBMERGED CULTURES OF AFLATOXIGENIC ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLAVUS; GROWTH AB Microbe-free compressed air was passed continuously for a S-day test period through an enclosed system containing fresh neem leaves; the resultant emitted volatiles were passed over the surface of submerged liquid cultures of a wild-type aflatoxigenic isolate of Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin determinations for the fungal culture that received neem-derived volatiles, after a 3-day incubation period, resulted in a 90% overall reduction in aflatoxin production and a 51% reduction in fungal biomass when compared with cultures that did not receive neem volatiles. In a separate experiment but in a similarly enclosed system, volatiles from fresh neem leaves were collected on a small Tenax column and were thermally desorbed and cryogenically focused on a capillary gas chromatography column. The neem volatiles-were subsequently separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-eight compounds were identified by comparison of retention times and mass spectra with either authentic compounds or spectra from a computer-assisted library database of mass spectra. It was found that 10% of the total headspace volatiles were composed of C-3 to C-9 alkenals, which are toxic to aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp., which could explain the bioactivity that resulted in reduced biomass in the neem-treated cultures. RP ZERINGUE, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 60 IS 10 BP 3543 EP 3547 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PK266 UT WOS:A1994PK26600010 PM 16349404 ER PT J AU HOU, CT AF HOU, CT TI PRODUCTION OF 10-KETOSTEARIC ACID FROM OLEIC-ACID BY FLAVOBACTERIUM SP STRAIN DS5 (NRRL B-14859) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; BIOCONVERSION; CONVERSION; COMPOUND; PR3 AB A microbial isolate, Flavobacterium sp. strain DS5, produces 10-ketostearic acid (10-KSA) from oleic acid in 85% yield. This is the first report on this type of reaction catalyzed by a Flavobacterium strain. The product was purified to give white, plate-like crystals melting at 79.2 degrees C. The optimum time, pH, and temperature for the production of 10-KSA are 36 h, 7.5, and 30 degrees C, respectively. A small amount of 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA) (about 10% of the amount of the main product, 10-KSA) is also produced during the bioconversion. 10-KSA is not further metabolized by strain DS5 and accumulates in the medium. In contrast to growing cells, a resting-cell suspension of strain DS5 produces 10-HSA and 10-KSA in a ratio of 1:3. The crude cell extract obtained from ultrasonic disruption of the cells converts oleic acid mainly to 10-HSA (10-HSA/10-KSA ratio, 97:3). This result strongly suggested that oleic acid is converted to 10-KSA via 10-HSA. Enzymes catalyzing the hydration and secondary alcohol dehydrogenation are cell associated. Product 10-HSA from strain DS5 is 66% enantiomeric excess in the 10(R) form. The oleic acid conversion enzyme(s) reacts with unsaturated fatty acids in the order oleic acid > palmitoleic acid > linoleic acid > linolenic acid > gamma-linolenic acid > myristoleic acid. RP HOU, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 60 IS 10 BP 3760 EP 3763 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PK266 UT WOS:A1994PK26600042 PM 16349414 ER PT J AU SAHA, BC FREER, SN BOTHAST, RJ AF SAHA, BC FREER, SN BOTHAST, RJ TI PRODUCTION, PURIFICATION, AND PROPERTIES OF A THERMOSTABLE BETA-GLUCOSIDASE FROM A COLOR VARIANT STRAIN OF AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; CANDIDA-WICKERHAMII; ETHANOL; CELLULOSE; BACTERIUM; CLONING; FUNGAL AB A color variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans (NRRL Y-12974) produced beta-glucosidase activity when grown in liquid culture on a variety of carbon sources, such as cellobiose, xylose, arabinose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, glucose, xylitol, xylan, cellulose, starch, and pullulan. An extracellular beta-glucosidase was purified 129-fold to homogeneity from the cell-free culture broth of the organism grown on corn bran. The purification protocol included ammonium sulfate treatment, CM Bio-Gel A agarose column chromatography, and gel filtrations on Bio-Gel A-0.5m and Sephacryl S-200. The beta-glucosidase was a glycoprotein with native molecular weight of 340,000 and was composed of two subunits with molecular weights of about 165,000. The enzyme displayed optimal activity at 75 degrees C and pH 4.5 and had a specific activity of 315 mu mol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1) under these conditions. The purified beta-glucosidase was active against p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, cellohexaose, and celloheptaose, with K-m values of 1.17, 1.00, 0.34, 0.36, 0.64, 0.68, and 1.65 mM, respectively. The enzyme activity was competitively inhibited by glucose (K-i = 5.65 mM), while fructose, arabinose, galactose, mannose, and xylose (each at 56 mM) and sucrose and lactose (each at 29 mM) were not inhibitory. The enzyme did not require a metal ion for activity, and its activity was not affected by p-chloromercuribenzoate (0.2 mM), EDTA (10 mM), or dithiothreitol (10 mM). Ethanol (7.5%, vol/vol) stimulated the initial enzyme activity by 15%. Glucose production was enhanced by 7.9% when microcrystalline cellulose (2%, wt/vol) was treated for 48 h with a commercial cellulase preparation (5 U/ml) that was supplemented with the purified beta-glucosidase (0.21 U/ml) from A. pullulans. RP SAHA, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 39 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 60 IS 10 BP 3774 EP 3780 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PK266 UT WOS:A1994PK26600044 PM 16349415 ER PT J AU DU, C MARTIN, PAW NICKERSON, KW AF DU, C MARTIN, PAW NICKERSON, KW TI COMPARISON OF DISULFIDE CONTENTS AND SOLUBILITY AT ALKALINE PH OF INSECTICIDAL AND NONINSECTICIDAL BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS PROTEIN CRYSTALS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARASPORAL CRYSTAL; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; INCLUSION; TOXICITY; INSECTS; TOXINS; BONDS AB We compared two insecticidal and eight noninsecticidal soil isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis with regard to the solubility of their proteinaceous crystals at alkaline pH values. The protein disulfide contents of the insecticidal and noninsecticidal crystals were equivalent. However, six of the noninsecticidal Crystals were soluble only at pH values of greater than or equal to 12. This lack of solubility contributed to their lack df toxicity. One crystal type which was soluble only at pH greater than or equal to 12 (strain SHP 1-12) did exhibit significant toxicity to tobacco hornworm larvae when the crystal were presolubilized. In contrast, freshly prepared Crystals from the highly insecticidal strain HD-1 were solubilized at pH 9.5 to 10.51 but when these crystals were denatured, by either 8 M urea or autoclave temperatures, they became nontoxic and were soluble only at pH values of greater than or equal to 12. These changes in toxicity and solubility occurred even though the denatured HD-1 crystals were morphologically indistinguishable from native crystals. Our data are consistent with the view that insecticidal crystals contain distorted, destabilized disulfide bonds which allow them to be solubilized at pH values (9.5 to 10.5) characteristic of lepidopteran and dipteran larval midguts. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,SCH BIOL SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68588. USDA ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Du, Cheng/F-1569-2013 OI Du, Cheng/0000-0002-8882-2513 NR 43 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 60 IS 10 BP 3847 EP 3853 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PK266 UT WOS:A1994PK26600052 PM 16349421 ER PT J AU PLATTNER, RD NELSON, PE AF PLATTNER, RD NELSON, PE TI PRODUCTION OF BEAUVERICIN BY A STRAIN OF FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM ISOLATED FROM CORN FODDER FOR SWINE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PULMONARY-EDEMA; MONILIFORME; FUMONISINS; SUBGLUTINANS AB Beauvericin, a cyclodepsipeptide, was produced by cultures of three strains of Fusarium proliferatum, M-5991, M-6992, and M-6993, grown on cracked corn. M-5991 produced approximately 1,000-mg/kg levels of fumonisins, moniliformin, and beauvericin. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FUSARIUM RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 14 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 60 IS 10 BP 3894 EP 3896 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA PK266 UT WOS:A1994PK26600064 PM 7986058 ER PT J AU Kamuru, F Albrecht, SL Baker, JT Allen, LH Shanmugam, KT AF Kamuru, F. Albrecht, S. L. Baker, J. T. Allen, L. H., Jr. Shanmugam, K. T. TI Growth responses of paddy rice to an ammonia-excreting mutant cyanobacterium at elevated CO2 concentration SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An ammonia-excreting mutant strain of Anabaena variabilis (strain SA-1) was studied as a N supplier for the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L., cultivar ' IR-30') plants at near ambient (330/mu mol mol(-1)) and elevated (660 mu mol mol(-l)) carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Rice performance with N supplied by the mutant cyanobacterium was compared with that of three other N treatments: rice plants inoculated with the parent strain (A. variabilis, strain SA-0), plants fertilized with 75 kg N ha(-1) z as urea, or control plants (uninoculated, with no nitrogen fertilization). Plants at elevated CO2 concentration had a higher dry matter content and accumulated more nitrogen than at near ambient CO2. At either CO2 concentration, the mutant strain enhanced the shoot and grain dry matter accumulation more than did the parent strain. Total N concentration of the shoot and grain fractions was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in plants inoculated with the mutant than with the parent strain of the cyanobacterium. The benefit of inoculation with the ammonia-excreting mutant strain was equivalent to or greater than the response observed in plants receiving 75 kg N ha(-1). A combined response of both the rice plants and the cyanobacterium to high CO2 levels probably accounted for the higher dry matter and N at the elevated than at the ambient CO2 concentration. The potential of the ammonia-excreting mutant cyanobacterium as a N source for sustainable, low-input rice production in the predicted high CO2 atmosphere of the next century is promising. C1 [Kamuru, F.; Albrecht, S. L.; Baker, J. T.] Univ Florida, USDA, Agron Physiol Lab, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Allen, L. H., Jr.] Univ Florida, Agron Physiol Lab, ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shanmugam, K. T.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Agron Physiol Lab, ARS, USDA, Bldg 164,Box 110840, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. FU U. S. Agency for International Development through a PSTC [7.065, DPE-5542-G-SS-801900]; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; U. S. Department of Energy's Interagency Agreement with the USDA-ARS [DE-AI05-88ER69014]; Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series [R-03366.] FX This study was supported in part by the U. S. Agency for International Development through a PSTC grant (No. 7.065, DPE-5542-G-SS-801900), the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and by the U. S. Department of Energy's Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI05-88ER69014 with the USDA-ARS. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. R-03366. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 EI 1873-0272 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 1 IS 3 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/0929-1393(94)90011-6 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA V31WE UT WOS:000208912900002 ER PT J AU Alban, DH Berry, EC AF Alban, David H. Berry, Edwin C. TI Effects of earthworm invasion on morphology, carbon, and nitrogen of a forest soil SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aporrectodea tuberculata; Lumbricus rubellus; Populus tremuloides AB Soil samples were collected over 14 years from a sandy loam forest soil in northern Minnesota. During the study earthworm numbers increased from zero to 592 m(-2), the forest floor weight and thickness decreased by about 85%, and the E horizon was completely replaced by an A horizon. Development of the A horizon resulted in a increase of carbon and nitrogen concentrations but no changes in soil pH or C/N ratios in the surface mineral soil. Total soil carbon to a depth of 50 cm decreased at a rate of 0.6 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) during the study. Soil humus forms were mor at the beginning of the study and mull by the end. Site productivity, as inferred from herb weight or litterfall, was not affected by the increase in earthworm numbers. C1 [Alban, David H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. [Berry, Edwin C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Alban, DH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. NR 21 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 7 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 EI 1873-0272 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 1 IS 3 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1016/0929-1393(94)90015-9 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA V31WE UT WOS:000208912900006 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME KLEIN, RR AF SALVUCCI, ME KLEIN, RR TI SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS OF A REACTIVE LYSYL RESIDUE (LYS-247) OF RUBISCO ACTIVASE SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ATPASE; RECOMBINANT DNA; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; ENZYME REGULATION; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS ID CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING DOMAIN; EXPRESSION; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE; LEAVES; CATALYSIS; SUBUNIT AB Chemical modification of tobacco leaf ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase with water-soluble N-hydroxysuccinimide esters identified Lys-247 as a particularly reactive residue necessary for maximal catalytic activity [M. E. Salvucci (1993) Plant Physiol. 103, 501-508]. To further explore the role of Lys-247 in catalysis, this species-invariant residue of Rubisco activase was changed to Arg, Cys, and Gin by mutagenesis of a cDNA clone of the mature form of the tobacco enzyme. Analysis of the purified recombinant proteins showed that all three point mutations reduced the rate of ATP hydrolysis to 2 to 3% of the wild-type enzyme and completely abolished the ability of Rubisco activase to promote activation of decarbamylated Rubisco. Replacement of Lys-247 with Arg, Cys, or Gin had a comparatively minor effect on ATP binding, but eliminated the increase in ATPase-specific activity that normally occurs with increasing concentrations of Rubisco activase protein. in mixing experiments, the K247R mutant enzyme inhibited Rubisco activation by wild-type Rubisco activase, indicating that interactions between Rubisco and Rubisco activase were disrupted by even the most conservative of the substitutions. Chemical elaboration of the K247C mutant by treatment with a-bromoethylamine converted 39% of the thiols at position 247 to the aminoethyl derivative, but failed to improve the catalytic performance of the mutant enzyme. Our results indicate that the requirement for a lysyl residue at position 247 of Rubisco activase is very stringent, consistent with its proposed role in coordinating precise interactions with gamma-phosphate of ATP. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP SALVUCCI, ME (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,107-A ANIM PATHOL BLDG,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 314 IS 1 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1006/abbi.1994.1427 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PM604 UT WOS:A1994PM60400023 PM 7944392 ER PT J AU WERNINGHAUS, K MEYDANI, M BHAWAN, J MARGOLIS, R BLUMBERG, JB GILCHREST, BA AF WERNINGHAUS, K MEYDANI, M BHAWAN, J MARGOLIS, R BLUMBERG, JB GILCHREST, BA TI EVALUATION OF THE PHOTOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ORAL VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC SKIN DAMAGE; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; HAIRLESS MOUSE; PSORALEN PHOTOTOXICITY; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VISIBLE-LIGHT; BETA-CAROTENE; ANTIOXIDANTS; ERYTHEMA; SENSITIVITY AB Background and Design: Solar-induced cutaneous damage is mediated partly via oxidative pathways. Some evidence exists for a photoprotective role of antioxidants. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we examined the effect of a long-term, orally administered antioxidant against UV-induced epidermal damage. Healthy human subjects supplemented their usual diet daily with either 400 IU of oral vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol acetate) or placebo over a 6-month period. Minimal erythema dose and histologic response to threefold minimal erythema dose exposure were determined at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months. Results: The minimal erythema dose did not vary substantially at the three time points within each treatment group or in the vitamin E-supplemented group vs the placebo group. The number of sunburn cells produced by a threefold minimal erythema dose exposure was also not significantly different between the two groups. Of note, however, Vitamin E levels in plasma increased only modestly and in skin biopsy specimens were unchanged following 1 month and 6 months of supplementation. Conclusions: No clinical or histologic difference in the response to UVB could be detected between the placebo and vitamin E-supplemented groups. In this small study, daily ingestion of 400 IU of oral alpha-tocopherol daily does not provide meaningful photoprotection. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 35 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 130 IS 10 BP 1257 EP 1261 DI 10.1001/archderm.130.10.1257 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA PL497 UT WOS:A1994PL49700003 PM 7944506 ER PT J AU WESTENBARGER, DA FRISVOLD, GB AF WESTENBARGER, DA FRISVOLD, GB TI AGRICULTURAL EXPOSURE TO OZONE AND ACID PRECIPITATION SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE OZONE; NITRATE; SULFATE; ACID RAIN; KRIGING; AIR POLLUTION; INDEX ID DEPOSITION; CROPS; INDEXES; SULFUR; YIELD AB The incompatibility of environmental and socioeconomic data has limited direct empirical analysis of the impacts of air pollution on farm-level productivity. The kriging procedure was used to create state- and county-level indexes for ozone, NO3 and SO4 for the northeastern United States for 1980 and 1990. This paper (a) presents county-level air-quality indexes (AQIs) to measure crop exposure to air pollutants and (b) combines environmental and economic data to identify geographic areas where air pollution is likely to impose the greatest economic costs to agriculture. It is hoped that this information, combined with the AQIs will be useful for future statistical analysis of the effects of air pollution on farm- and county-level measures of agricultural performance. Air quality in 1990 was much improved over 1980 in most counties. However, some areas of New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Vermont and Virginia still experience relatively high levels of acidic depositions. Portions of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina and Pennsylvania were identified as areas of high potential economic vulnerability to ozone pollution. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 28 IS 18 BP 2895 EP 2907 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90338-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PQ989 UT WOS:A1994PQ98900001 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, FR AF THOMPSON, FR TI TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF BREEDING BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO AUK LA English DT Article ID FOREST; BEHAVIOR; BIRDS; DISPERSION AB Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are an obligate brood parasite and a potential threat to some populations of migratory songbirds. I used radio-telemetry to study temporal patterns in behavior, habitat use, and sociality, as well as spatial patterns and movements among breeding, feeding, and roosting areas. I obtained a mean of 42 locations of 84 radio-tagged female cowbirds on three study sites in Illinois and Missouri. Radio-tagged females usually were located in forest and shrub-sapling habitats with a mean of 1.4 males during the morning breeding period. During midmorning to early afternoon, females commuted to short-grass, cropland, and feedlot habitats; they fed in small necks. At dusk females roosted singly or in small groups near breeding or feeding areas, or commuted to a large communal roost. Behavior and time of day, behavior and habitat use, and habitat use and lime of day were highly associated. For approximately 90% of the radio-tagged cowbirds, breeding, feeding, and roosting locations were distributed nonrandomly within home ranges, and came from distinct utilization distributions. Cowbirds moved an average of 3.6 km between roosting and breeding locations, 1.2 km between breeding and feeding locations, and 2.6 km between feeding and roosting locations. Midwestern cowbirds show the same pattern of commuting between disjunct breeding and feeding areas as elsewhere in their range. RP THOMPSON, FR (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1-26 AGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 41 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 1994 VL 111 IS 4 BP 979 EP 990 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA RX856 UT WOS:A1994RX85600020 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, BW KING, DJ AF MITCHELL, BW KING, DJ TI EFFECT OF NEGATIVE AIR IONIZATION ON AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION OF NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE IONIZER; POULTRY; ENVIRONMENT; CONTROL; AIRBORNE; TRANSMISSION; NEWCASTLE DISEASE AB Four-week-old mixed-sex White Rock chickens were used in four experiments to determine the effect of negative air ion enrichment on airborne transmission of the Roakin strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The experiments were conducted in specially constructed airborne disease transmission cabinets in which donor (upwind) chickens cannot contact susceptible (downwind) chickens because of physical separation by a ''no man's land.'' Temperature and humidity were computer-controlled at 26.7 C and 50% relative humidity, and ventilation rates were manually adjusted from 0.34 to 1.36 m(3)/min (12 to 48 ft(3)/ min). Donor chickens were inoculated with Roakin NDV by eyedrop and intranasal routes and placed in the upwind end of each cabinet. One day later, susceptible chickens were placed in the downwind end. Seroconversion (greater than or equal to 1:10 NDV hemagglutination-inhibition titer) was considered evidence of infection from inoculation (upwind) or airborne transmission (downwind). Commercial air ion generators were used either in the ends or in the ''no man's land'' of the treatment cabinets and operated at power supply voltages ranging from -8kV direct current to -15 kV direct current. The use of negative air ion generators reduced airborne transmission an average of 6.6% to 27.7% compared with the control cabinets. Significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) reductions in transmission were obtained with some treatments. The greatest reduction in transmission was obtained with the higher power supply voltages (13.8% reduction) and when the ionizers were placed in the ''no man's land'' (27.7% reduction) between the upwind and downwind chickens. RP MITCHELL, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 38 IS 4 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.2307/1592107 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PZ318 UT WOS:A1994PZ31800005 PM 7702504 ER PT J AU SENNE, DA PANIGRAHY, B MORGAN, RL AF SENNE, DA PANIGRAHY, B MORGAN, RL TI EFFECT OF COMPOSTING POULTRY CARCASSES ON SURVIVAL OF EXOTIC AVIAN VIRUSES - HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA (HPAI) VIRUS AND ADENOVIRUS OF EGG DROP SYNDROME-76 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Eight-week-old chickens were inoculated with one of two exotic viruses to determine the effect of composting on virus survival. Group 1 chickens were inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus via the caudal thoracic air sac. Group 2 chickens were inoculated with the adenovirus that causes egg drop syndrome-76 (EDS-76) by the oral route. Five days after inoculation, lung, trachea, and air sacs for HPAI and spleen, cecal tonsils, and bursa of Fabricius for EDS-76 were collected and composted with poultry carcasses. At the end of the first 10 days of composting, virus-isolation efforts showed that the HPAI virus had been inactivated, and only 1 of 20 tissue samples yielded the adenovirus of EDS-76. The viruses of HPAI and EDS-76 were completely inactivated at the end of the second 10-day period of the two-stage composting process. Control tissues collected at necropsy and frozen at -70 C for virus isolation were all positive for virus. RP SENNE, DA (reprint author), USDA,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 7 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 38 IS 4 BP 733 EP 737 DI 10.2307/1592108 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PZ318 UT WOS:A1994PZ31800006 PM 7702505 ER PT J AU BAYYARI, GR HUFF, WE NORTON, RA SKEELES, JK BEASLEY, JN RATH, NC BALOG, JM AF BAYYARI, GR HUFF, WE NORTON, RA SKEELES, JK BEASLEY, JN RATH, NC BALOG, JM TI A LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF GREEN-LIVER OSTEOMYELITIS COMPLEX IN COMMERCIAL TURKEYS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Two Becks of Nicholas tom turkeys from separate farms with histories of above-average condemnations for turkey green-liver osteomyelitis complex (TOC) were studied throughout a 16-week growout. Fifty birds from each farm were necropsied each week for 15 weeks, and birds that had green livers, osteomyelitis in the proximal tibia, or swollen joints were cultured for aerobic bacteria along with an equal number of control birds. At processing, TOC lesions and green livers were obtained for bacterial culture and histopathology. Green-liver-associated TOC was not observed until. the turkeys were 9 or 10 weeks of age. The incidence of TOC was higher on one farm, which also had a higher incidence of airsacculitis, higher early and weekly mortality, seroconversion to Newcastle disease virus and Mycoplasma meleagridis, and significantly higher average body weights, relative spleen weights, and relative liver weights. Both farms had a high incidence of intestinal lesions and infestation with Ascaridia dissimilis. Histological evaluation of green livers revealed hyperplasia of bile ducts, dilation of sinusoids, and pigment-containing Kupffer's cells, some of which stained positive for iron. The bacterial isolates most frequently cultured from bones and livers were pleomorphic gram-variable coccobacilli, which grew visible colonies only after a series of subcultures and extended incubation. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP BAYYARI, GR (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,BIOR 125,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 38 IS 4 BP 744 EP 754 DI 10.2307/1592110 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PZ318 UT WOS:A1994PZ31800008 PM 7702507 ER PT J AU RIMLER, RB AF RIMLER, RB TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION OF CROSS-PROTECTION FACTOR(S) FROM PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; FOWL CHOLERA; MEMBRANE; PROTEIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; SOLUBILIZATION; SEROTYPES; TURKEYS AB Membrane-associated cross-protection factor(s) (CPF) of in vivo-grown Pasteurella multocida were solubilized by detergent and partially purified by sequential chromotography on ion exchange, gel filtration, and hydroxyapatite columns. The CPF activity was determined by challenge of turkeys vaccinated with different chromatography fractions and challenge of poults passively immunized with serum from the same vaccinated turkeys. Analyses of different chromatography fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblots suggested that proteins in the range of 59-65 kDa and a protein of 39-kDa molecular mass were associated with cross-protection, Although CPF activity was found to be associated with protein-containing material, treatment with periodate diminished cross-protection, indicating that carbohydrate determinants may also contribute to immune cross-protection. RP RIMLER, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 38 IS 4 BP 778 EP 789 DI 10.2307/1592114 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PZ318 UT WOS:A1994PZ31800012 PM 7702511 ER PT J AU WITTER, RL BACON, LD CALVERT, JG AF WITTER, RL BACON, LD CALVERT, JG TI PARTIAL INHIBITION BY TURKEY HERPESVIRUS OF SEROTYPE-2 MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS PLAQUE-FORMATION AND IN-VIVO INFECTIVITY SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VACCINE VIRUSES; FIELD TRIALS; CHICKENS; EFFICACY; INTERFERON; PROTECTION; ANTIBODIES; INDUCTION; SYNERGISM; STRAINS AB The increased use of serotype 2 Marek's disease virus (MDV) and serotype 3 turkey herpesvirus (HVT) as components of effective bivalent vaccines against Marek's disease (MD) prompted studies on the possible interactions of these two viruses in vitro and in vivo. The replication of the SB-1 strain of MDV was compared with replication of the FC126/2 strain of HVT in chickens and cell cultures infected with one or both viruses. Replication of MDV was reduced in the presence of HVT in both in vitro and in vivo systems. MDV plaque counts in dually infected chicken embryo fibroblast cultures inoculated with tissue-culture-propagated viruses were reduced by up to 91%; however, no inhibition was noted when inocula consisted of virus-infected buffy-coat cells. Plaque formation by MDV in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures was inhibited by virus-free conditioned medium from HVT-infected cultures. This conditioned medium also inhibited growth of vesicular stomatitis virus in a standard interferon assay. In chickens inoculated with both MDV and HVT, MDV viremia titers were lower and the dose required to infect 50% of susceptible chickens was increased 13-fold compared with chickens inoculated with MDV alone. In spite of these findings, there was no evidence that high concentrations of HVT interfered with either the ability of MDV co induce protective synergism in vivo or the protective efficacy of bivalent vaccines. No reciprocal inhibitory effects of MDV on the replication of HVT in vivo or in vitro were noted. RP WITTER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 38 IS 4 BP 800 EP 809 DI 10.2307/1592117 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PZ318 UT WOS:A1994PZ31800015 PM 7702514 ER PT J AU BANERJEE, M REED, WM FITZGERALD, SD PANIGRAHY, B AF BANERJEE, M REED, WM FITZGERALD, SD PANIGRAHY, B TI NEUROTROPIC VELOGENIC NEWCASTLE-DISEASE IN CORMORANTS IN MICHIGAN - PATHOLOGY AND VIRUS CHARACTERIZATION SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE CORMORANT; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; NEWCASTLE DISEASE; PARAMYXOVIRUS; PATHOLOGY; PHALACROCORAX AURITUS AB Excessive unexplained mortality was observed in flocks of double-crested cormorants located at Snake Island in Green Bay, Michigan, in June 1992. Clinical signs included weakness, lethargy, diarrhea, respiratory distress, paralysis of the wings and legs, torticollis, and incoordination. The most significant and consistent gross lesions included edema of the eyelids and periocular tissues, pulmonary edema and congestion, marked splenomegaly, hepatic necrosis, and scattered hemorrhages in visceral organs. Histologically, the principal alterations were severe lymphocytic meningoencephalitis and myelitis, as well as splenic lymphoid necrosis with hemorrhage. A type 1 paramyxovirus was isolated from the affected birds and characterized as a velogenic neurotropic strain of Newcastle disease virus. Since the infection occurred in free-living migratory birds, there exists the potential for spread of the virus over a large area, thus posing a hazard to domestic poultry. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP BANERJEE, M (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,ANIM HLTH DIAGNOST LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 8 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 38 IS 4 BP 873 EP 878 DI 10.2307/1592127 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PZ318 UT WOS:A1994PZ31800025 PM 7702523 ER PT J AU NORTON, RA BAYYARI, GR SKEELES, JK HUFF, WE BEASLEY, JN AF NORTON, RA BAYYARI, GR SKEELES, JK HUFF, WE BEASLEY, JN TI A SURVEY OF 2 COMMERCIAL TURKEY FARMS EXPERIENCING HIGH-LEVELS OF LIVER FOCI SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note ID ASCARIDIA-DISSIMILIS AB Two turkey farms that had previously experienced high levels of liver condemnations at slaughter were monitored through one complete growout cycle. Liver foci appeared at both farms by week 2. More than 80% of the liver foci sampled did not have any aerobic or facultative bacteria isolated from the lesions. Low numbers of Ascaridia dissimilis larvae were found on both farms by week 3 in the growout. The patterns for the ascaridiasis at both farms were similar, although one of the farms had a higher number of ascarids earlier than the other. Neither farm had high levels of adult ascarids present, although the average larval burden was high. Piperazine was administered at both Farms on multiple occasions, but there were no significant decreases in the level of adult ascarids following administration. There was no apparent development of immunity, since all stages of the life cycle remained stable, even late in the growout. The simultaneous appearance of the liver foci and the A. dissimilis indicate that the ascarids may be responsible for the hepatic pathology. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS BIOR 125,USDA ARS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP NORTON, RA (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT POULTRY SCI,POULTRY HLTH LAB,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 38 IS 4 BP 887 EP 894 DI 10.2307/1592130 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PZ318 UT WOS:A1994PZ31800028 PM 7702526 ER PT J AU TRAMPEL, DW JENSEN, NS HOFFMAN, LJ AF TRAMPEL, DW JENSEN, NS HOFFMAN, LJ TI CECAL SPIROCHETOSIS IN COMMERCIAL LAYING HENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note ID TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; BROILER CHICKS AB Cecal spirochetosis in chickens has been associated with enteric disease and reduced egg production in the United States and Europe. This report describes spirochete overgrowth of cecal mucosa in chickens from a flock of 100,000 commercial layers experiencing diarrhea and a 5% drop in egg production. Spirochetes were demonstrated in the ceca by darkfield and light microscopy. Apical surfaces of cecal enterocytes were covered by a dense layer of spirochetes aligned parallel to each other and perpendicular to the mucosal surface. Weakly beta-hemolytic, indole-negative spirochetes were isolated from the ceca on BJ media under anaerobic conditions at 42 C. Chicken cecal spirochetosis may represent an economically significant enteric disease of laying hens which has heretofore been infrequently recognized. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PATHOPHYSIOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP TRAMPEL, DW (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 13 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 38 IS 4 BP 895 EP 898 DI 10.2307/1592131 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PZ318 UT WOS:A1994PZ31800029 PM 7702527 ER PT J AU TRAMPEL, DW GOLL, F AF TRAMPEL, DW GOLL, F TI OUTBREAK OF MYCOPLASMA-IOWAE INFECTION IN COMMERCIAL TURKEY POULTS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note ID EMBRYOS AB In September 1989, 17-day-old turkey poults were submitted to Iowa State University because of leg weakness and dehydration. These birds were commercial large white toms from a nock of 23,214. Lesions observed at necropsy included chondrodystrophy of the hock joints, clear fluid in hock joint spaces, valgus deformities and shortening of the tarsometatarsal bones, and curled toes. Mycoplasma iowae was isolated and identified from swabs of the air sac, cloaca, hock joint, and large intestine. Approximately 1.4% of the nock was culled between 2 and 8 weeks of age because of leg problems. M. iowae infection did not severely affect overall flock performance. Eighty-seven percent of the flock was marketed at 18 weeks of age with an average per turkey weight of 29.5 pounds. C1 USDA,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,DIAGNOST BACTERIOL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP TRAMPEL, DW (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 38 IS 4 BP 905 EP 909 DI 10.2307/1592133 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PZ318 UT WOS:A1994PZ31800031 PM 7702529 ER PT J AU MARTIN, SS TOWNSEND, CE LENSSEN, AW AF MARTIN, SS TOWNSEND, CE LENSSEN, AW TI INDUCED ISOFLAVONOIDS IN DIVERSE POPULATIONS OF ASTRAGALUS-CICER SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAJANUS-CAJAN; 4 LEGUMES; PHYTOALEXINS; PERFORMANCE; SHEEP AB Isoflavonoids were induced in mature leaves of the legume Astragalus cicer L. by spores of the fungus Bipolaris zeicola. The five major elicited compounds included two isoflavans (mucronulatol and astraciceran), two isoflavones (cajanin and acicerone), and a pterocarpan (maackiain). Only occasional traces of these compounds were detected in controls. Among 41 populations originating in Europe or Russia, mean total elicited isoflavonoid content differed 12-fold. Mucronulatol was the predominant compound elicited, comprising 20-70% of total isoflavonoids. Significant interpopulational differences existed for each isoflavonoid, but no geographic patterns of total or relative proportions of the five compounds were discernible. RP MARTIN, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES RES CTR,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 22 IS 7 BP 657 EP 661 DI 10.1016/0305-1978(94)90051-5 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA PM459 UT WOS:A1994PM45900002 ER PT J AU WEBER, DJ GANG, DR HALLS, SC SMITH, BN MCARTHUR, ED AF WEBER, DJ GANG, DR HALLS, SC SMITH, BN MCARTHUR, ED TI INHERITANCE OF HYDROCARBONS IN SUBSPECIFIC BIG SAGEBRUSH (ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA) HYBRIDS SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTALA SSP TRIDENTATA; A-T SSP VASEYANA; ASTERACEAE; MONOTERPENOIDS; METHACROLEIN; HYBRIDIZATION ID MULE DEER PREFERENCE; ACCESSIONS AB Volatile compounds of the subspecies tridentata and vaseyana of Artemisia tridentata along with their F2 hybrids were characterized and identified. These compounds segregated in the F2s. Methacrolein and thujone characterize ssp. tridentata; camphene, camphor, and 1,8-cineole characterize ssp. vaseyana. Results of this study taken together with previous work suggest that low values for the bitter volatile methacrolein might be combined with high biomass and nutritive quality characteristics from hybrid progeny. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SCHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606. RP WEBER, DJ (reprint author), BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT BOT & RANGE SCI,PROVO,UT 84602, USA. RI Gang, David/B-1001-2013 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 22 IS 7 BP 689 EP 697 DI 10.1016/0305-1978(94)90055-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA PM459 UT WOS:A1994PM45900006 ER PT J AU SIDDARAMAPPA, R MCCARTY, GW WRIGHT, RJ CODLING, EE AF SIDDARAMAPPA, R MCCARTY, GW WRIGHT, RJ CODLING, EE TI MINERALIZATION AND VOLATILE LOSS OF NITROGEN FROM SOILS TREATED WITH COAL COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE FLY ASH; BED ASH; SOIL QUALITY; N MINERALIZATION; N VOLATILIZATION ID SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; QUALITY; RESIDUES; SULFATE; LIME AB There is an increasing need to find a suitable means for disposal of coal combustion byproducts because of the increasing world-wide production of these byproducts. This need has prompted interest in the use of land disposal, but there are concerns that this use may degrade the quality of soil. To determine the influence of coal combustion byproducts on the transformation and fate of soil N and assess the potential impact of land disposal on soil quality, we studied the effects of two combustion byproducts (fly ash and bed ash) applied at rates of 22.5, 45, 90, and 180 Mg ha-1 on mineralization and volatile loss of N from soil. Studies comparing the influence of the byproducts on these processes showed that whereas fly ash had little influence on the fate of soil N, bed ash caused substantial mineralization of organic soil N and volatile loss of this N as NH3. Studies monitoring the pH of soils treated with bed ash showed that soil pH increased immediately after this treatment, with values reaching as high as 12.8. These studies indicated that such extreme alkaline conditions caused chemical degradation and volatile loss of as much as 10% of the organic N in soil, and they provide strong evidence that the improper disposal of bed ash on land can have a substantial negative impact on soil quality. C1 USDA ARS,ENVIRONMENT CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD OCT PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1007/BF00570629 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PR637 UT WOS:A1994PR63700002 ER PT J AU CONLEY, AJ HOWARD, HJ SLANGER, WD FORD, JJ AF CONLEY, AJ HOWARD, HJ SLANGER, WD FORD, JJ TI STEROIDOGENESIS IN THE PREOVULATORY PORCINE FOLLICLE SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN GRANULOSA-CELLS; AROMATASE CYTOCHROME-P450; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; THECA INTERNA; STEROIDS; LUTEINIZATION; ANDROGEN; INVITRO; 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; ESTROGEN AB The expression of four major steroidogenic enzymes in porcine theca and granulosa cell layers of preovulatory follicles was related to the levels of steroids in follicular fluid and gonadotropin concentrations in peripheral serum at slaughter. Ovaries were collected during proestrus, early estrus, and late estrus as evidenced by behavioral signs. Follicles were dissected from the ovaries, and theca, granulosa, and follicular fluids were pooled for each of 24 sows. Cytochromes P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17-20 lyase (P450(cl7)), aromatase (P450(arom)), and side-chain cleavage (P450(scc)), as well as 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD), were subjected to Northern and Western immunoblot analyses. The concentrations of estradiol-17 beta, testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone were determined in follicular fluid, and peripheral serum was assayed for estradiol-17 beta, LH, and FSH. Stages of preovulatory development were verified by plasma levels of LH, FSH, and estradiol-17 beta. Theca expressed P450(cl7), P450(arom), P450(scc), and 3 beta HSD whereas granulosa expressed only P450(arom) and low levels of P450(scc). Thecal P450(cl7), thecal P450(arom), and granulosa P450(arom) expression decreased coincidentally as serum estradiol-17 beta and follicular fluid estradiol-17 beta, testosterone, and androstenedione levels declined after the presumed gonadotropin surge. Unlike P450(cl7) and P450(arom), P450(scc) and 3 beta HSD remained relatively constant in theca and granulosa. From these data, we suggest that the theca interna may be the primary steroidogenic compartment of the porcine follicle during its final stages of preovulatory development. Moreover, preovulatory estrogen secretion appears to be controlled by the coordinated expression of a triad of enzymes in the porcine follicle that includes theca P450(cl7), theca P450(arom), and granulosa P450(arom). C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP CONLEY, AJ (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 38 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 51 IS 4 BP 655 EP 661 DI 10.1095/biolreprod51.4.655 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA PG805 UT WOS:A1994PG80500010 PM 7819446 ER PT J AU VALLET, JL KLEMCKE, HG CHRISTENSON, RK AF VALLET, JL KLEMCKE, HG CHRISTENSON, RK TI EFFECT OF THE CONCEPTUS AND LACK OF EFFECT OF UTERINE SPACE ON ENDOMETRIAL PROTEIN SECRETION DURING MIDGESTATION IN SWINE SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PROGESTERONE; PIG; UTEROFERRIN; EXPRESSION; BLASTOCYST; ESTRADIOL; ESTRONE; RELEASE AB The effect of the conceptus and of reduced uterine space on endometrial protein secretion was examined on Days 40, 60, and 80 of gestation in white crossbred gilts. Twenty-nine gilts were checked daily for estrus, and 15 were given 5 mg estradiol valerate daily from Days 11 to 15 (Day 0 = day of estrus) of the estrous cycle to induce pseudopregnancy. The remaining 14 pigs were mated during estrus. All pigs were laparotomized on Day 4, and one uterine horn was ligated to produce one crowded and one roomy uterine environment. Pigs were killed on Days 40, 60, and 80 of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy. The reproductive tracts were collected, and placental tissues from pregnant pigs and endometrial tissues from all pigs were cultured in the presence of H-3-leucine to evaluate protein secretion. Conditioned medium was dialyzed, measured for incorporation of radioactivity into nondialyzable macromolecules, and then subjected to two-dimensional (2D)-PAGE to determine the effect of uterine space and day of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy on overall protein secretion rate and secretion of specific proteins. Fetal survival, fetal weight, and placental weight were decreased (P < 0.01) in the crowded uterine environment compared to the roomy uterine environment. Incorporation of H-3-leucine into nondialyzable macromolecules by endometrial tissue in culture was not affected by uterine space. Secretion of nondialyzable macromolecules by endometrium from pregnant pigs was not different from that by endometrium from pseudopregnant pigs on Day 40 but was greater (p < 0.01) on Days 60 and 80. Results of 2D-PAGE indicated that secretion of two endometrial proteins appeared to be increased (M(r) 13000, pI 7 and M(r) 13000, pI 5.5), and secretion of one protein appeared to be decreased (M(r) 14000, pI 6.2), in pregnant vs, pseudopregnant pig endometrial cultures. Decreasing uterine space did not affect incorporation of H-3-leucine by placental tissue in culture. Examination of 2D-PAGE fluorographs of proteins secreted by placental tissue indicated that uterine space had no consistent effect on the array of proteins observed. However, secretion of a protein of M(r) 35000, pI 4 increased by Day 60. Another protein (M(r) 45000, pI 4) increased by Day 80. Two other proteins (M(r) 12500, pI 4.6 and M(r), 13000, pI 4.8) increased in some placental cultures by Day 60 of pregnancy and were consistently present in cultures from Day 80 placenta. These data indicate that uterine space does not influence endometrial or placental protein secretion on Days 40-80 of pregnancy. Secretion of specific proteins was greater by endometrium from pregnant compared to pseudopregnant pigs as early as Day 40 of pregnancy, and total endometrial protein secretion (measured as incorporation of H-3-leucine into nondialyzable macromolecules) was greater for pregnant compared to pseudopregnant pigs by Day 60 of pregnancy; these findings suggest the possibility that the conceptus can alter endometrial protein secretion. The increase in endometrial protein secretion coincides with changes in secretion of specific placental proteins. These proteins or other compounds secreted by the conceptus may stimulate endometrial protein secretion during pregnancy. RP VALLET, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 51 IS 4 BP 748 EP 754 DI 10.1095/biolreprod51.4.748 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA PG805 UT WOS:A1994PG80500022 PM 7819457 ER PT J AU CLAUSEN, CA AF CLAUSEN, CA TI PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES TO FUNGAL ENDOGLUCANASE IN MURINE ASCITIC FLUID SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POSTIA-PLACENTA; WOOD; DECAY; MICE AB Polyclonal antibodies to endoglucanase of the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta were produced in murine ascitic fluid. The mice produced a mean volume of 17.7 mL ascites and a mean reciprocal antibody titer of 419 by ELISA. Anti-endoglucanase antibody inhibited 100 percent of the endoglucanase activity extracted from P. placenta-decayed wood. RP CLAUSEN, CA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 8 IS 10 BP 739 EP 742 DI 10.1007/BF00151479 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PN952 UT WOS:A1994PN95200011 ER PT J AU KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO AF KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO TI MICROWAVE RESONATOR FOR SENSING MOISTURE-CONTENT AND MASS OF SINGLE WHEAT KERNELS SO CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE MOISTURE CONTENT; WHEAT; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES; KERNEL MASS; MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT ID CORN AB Principles for determining moisture content and mass of individual wheat kernels by microwave resonator measurements are discussed and data are presented showing the application of these principles. By measuring the shift in the resonant frequency and the change in the resonator transmission characteristics when a wheat kernel is inserted into the resonator, moisture content of the kernel may be determined independent of its mass and apparently independent of wheat variety. The same measurement can simultaneously determine the kernel mass. Moisture contents in the range from 10 to 21%, wet basis, were determined with an uncertainty of 0.8% moisture. Uncertainty in the mass determination was less than 1 mg. RP KRASZEWSKI, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING PI SASKATOON PA BOX 306, SUB POST OFFICE #6, SASKATOON SK S7N 0W0, CANADA SN 0045-432X J9 CAN AGR ENG JI Can. Agric. Eng. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 36 IS 4 BP 231 EP 238 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA QD325 UT WOS:A1994QD32500004 ER PT J AU BROOKS, RT DOYLE, KL AF BROOKS, RT DOYLE, KL TI WHITE-BELTED COLORATION IN A MASKED SHREW, SOREX-CINEREUS, FROM MASSACHUSETTS SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Note DE MASKED SHREW; SOREX CINEREUS; BELTED COLORATION; MASSACHUSETTS AB A Masked Shrew (Sorex cinereus) with white-belted coloration pattern was captured in a mixed deciduous-coniferous forest in central Massachusetts. Only one other published record of this pelage condition in S. cinereus was found in an intensive search of the literature and no similarily colored specimens were found in collections of several national or regional museums. RP BROOKS, RT (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,USDA,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HOLDSWORTH HALL,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD OCT-DEC PY 1994 VL 108 IS 4 BP 491 EP 492 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RG220 UT WOS:A1994RG22000010 ER PT J AU ODONNELL, K AF ODONNELL, K TI A REEVALUATION OF THE MITOTIC SPINDLE POLE BODY CYCLE IN TILLETIA CARIES BASED ON FREEZE-SUBSTITUTION TECHNIQUES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; FREEZE SUBSTITUTION; MITOSIS; SPINDLE POLE BODY; TILLETIA ID HOLLYHOCK RUST FUNGUS; PUCCINIA-MALVACEARUM; SMUT FUNGUS; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; MITOSIS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MEIOSIS; APPARATUS; NUCLEUS; BASIDIA AB Mitosis in the wheat pathogen Tilletia caries (Basidiomycota, Tilletiales) was investigated by electron microscopy of serially sectioned, fast-frozen, freeze-substituted mitotic cells called ballistospores. A duplicated spindle pole body consisting of two identical, three-layered globular elements connected by a middle piece was attached to the extranuclear face of each nucleus at interphase. During mitosis, astral and spindle microtubules radiated from the globular elements that form the poles of an intranuclear spindle. At metaphase, chromosomes were interspersed with the nonkinetochore microtubules, and they were spread along the central two-thirds of the spindle. Each chromatid was attached to a spindle pole by a single, continuous, kinetochore microtubule. Postmitotic replication of the spindle pole body occurred during late telophase to interphase. Results from this study are presented in the form of a model of the mitotic spindle pole body cycle in Tilletia, and this model is compared with the one previously reported for Tilletia and other basidiomycetes. RP ODONNELL, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1412 EP 1423 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PX248 UT WOS:A1994PX24800004 ER PT J AU WAYCOTT, W MERSEY, B AF WAYCOTT, W MERSEY, B TI PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DWARF-4 MUTANT OF LETTUCE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE LACTUCA SATIVA; SEM; GERMINATION; STEM ELONGATION; STERILITY ID GIBBERELLIN-DEFICIENT MUTANTS; ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLINS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GROWTH; TOMATO AB The single recessive mutant dwarf-4 (d-4) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was selected as a potential genetic source of resistance to premature stem elongation (bolting). This study was undertaken to define the mutant phenotype and to characterize its reaction to applied gibberellin (GA). Scanning electron micrographs of mutant and wild-type achenes revealed surface and subsurface aberrations in d-4, suggesting abnormal development. Observed mutant irregularities included (i) abnormal achene formation causing irregularly shaped seeds, (ii) delayed and irregular germination, (iii) delayed but normal leaf growth and leaf area, (iv) 66% reduction in stem height, (v) 50% reduction in shoot dry weight, (vi) 0.45% viable pollen formation, and (vii) 98.9% self-sterility. Applications of GA, did not affect the delay in growth, floral sterility, or abnormal achene shape but did increase stem height and shoot dry weight to wild-type levels at maturity. Hand pollinations were able to decrease self-sterility to 93.6%. Component analysis of mutant and wild-type achenes revealed d-4 had 32% lower fatty acid levels. There were no differences in carbohydrates, cell wall constituents, and moisture levels, although higher levels of protein and inorganic compounds were found. The observed d-4 phenotype suggests that its genetic lesion is not directly tied to irregularities of gibberellin biosynthesis but has some other genetic basis. C1 USDA ARS,SALINAS,CA 93905. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT BOT,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1541 EP 1549 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PX248 UT WOS:A1994PX24800020 ER PT J AU EASTER, MJ SPIES, TA AF EASTER, MJ SPIES, TA TI USING HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR ESTIMATING PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY UNDER CANOPIES AND IN GAPS IN DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS OF THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TREE-FALL GAPS; SOLAR-RADIATION; RAIN-FOREST; UNDERSTORY; PENETRATION; IRRADIANCE; SUNFLECKS; REGIMES; SENSORS; PLANTS AB Our primary objective in this study was to determine if hemispherical (fish-eye) photographs could be used to estimate photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in mature and old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forests in the Oregon and Washington Cascade Range. LI-COR quantum sensors sampled PPFD at 10-s intervals at six points in each of two old-growth stands from January to December of 1991. Direct measures of PPFD were also made with photodiodes, which were calibrated against quantum sensors. They were used to sample PPFD for 6- to 14-day periods during the summer at 15 points in each of four stands, two mature and two old growth. Hemispherical photographs were taken at these sample points and were digitized and analyzed using the program CANOPY. The software predicts overall site openness and openness along the sun path. Regression models were developed based upon those parameters. The models predicted the mean daily PPFD for each month of the year. Two major factors were found that influenced regression models: stand age-structure (mature vs. old growth) and sky conditions (dry vs. wet seasons). Canopies in mature stands were more open than old growth stands, and their PPFD models were more heavily influenced by overall site openness. Conversely, PPFD models for old-growth canopies were more heavily influenced by openness along the sun path. Wet-season models were dominated by diffuse PPFD (overall site openness), and dry-season models were dominated by direct flux (openness along the sun path). Combining data sets from stands of comparable age-structure and seasons considerably increased regression R(2)-values. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT RANGELAND ECOSYST & SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. NR 24 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2050 EP 2058 DI 10.1139/x94-263 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QB752 UT WOS:A1994QB75200009 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, KM HOLSTEN, EH AF REYNOLDS, KM HOLSTEN, EH TI RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF RISK-FACTORS FOR SPRUCE BEETLE OUTBREAKS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; DECISION-MAKING AB Nine factors were initially suggested by spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kby.)) experts in Alaska as potentially important in determining the risk of a spruce beetle outbreak in stands. Factors suggested were stand hazard, size and trend of spruce beetle population in neighboring stands, degree-days in the past June, total rainfall in the past summer, and availability of four types of breeding material. Risk factors were organized into a hierarchical model of spruce beetle risk, and the relative importance of factors for determining risk was analyzed in three stages with the analytic hierarchy process. This process derives subjective estimates of factor importance values through a process of pair-wise comparisons. Analysis in stage 1 involved independent responses of two experts from Alaska. In stage 2, three experts from Alaska provided responses as a group. In stage 3, five experts, representing Alaska, British Columbia, and the Rocky Mountain region, provided responses as a group. In the final stage of analysis, stand hazard and windthrown trees were identified as the two most important factors determining risk of a spruce beetle outbreak. Hazard and windthrow were considered about equally important and together accounted for almost two-thirds of the total allocation of importance values among risk factors. The analytic hierarchy process is an effective method for eliciting expert knowledge and can be a useful tool for development of expert systems in natural resource management, where even expert knowledge is often incomplete. C1 US FOREST SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. RP REYNOLDS, KM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3301 C ST,SUITE 200,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 22 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2089 EP 2095 DI 10.1139/x94-268 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QB752 UT WOS:A1994QB75200014 ER PT J AU KELSEY, RG AF KELSEY, RG TI ETHANOL SYNTHESIS IN DOUGLAS-FIR LOGS FELLED IN NOVEMBER, JANUARY, AND MARCH AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO AMBROSIA BEETLE ATTACK SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TRYPODENDRON-LINEATUM COLEOPTERA; POPULUS-DELTOIDES-BARTR; WESTERN HEMLOCK LOGS; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; GNATHOTRICHUS-SULCATUS; PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE; PRIMARY ATTRACTANT; OLIV COLEOPTERA; HOST SELECTION; ALPHA-PINENE AB Phloem and sapwood from Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France, logs felled in November, January, and March were sampled within 24 h of harvest and resampled on each subsequent felling date. In fresh logs, constitutive ethanol concentrations were similar among dates, but concentrations in the phloem were always greater than in the sapwood. In March, after 4 months on the ground, ethanol in November-felled logs had increased 4 times in the phloem and 83 times in the sapwood, which resulted in equal tissue concentrations. For January-felled logs, ethanol concentrations remained unchanged in log tops, but decreased in the bottoms and sides between January and March. alpha-Pinene concentrations did not differ among harvest dates or tissue types, but they did decrease when tissues respired anaerobically. When ambrosia beetles began attacking logs in March, tissues of November-felled logs contained the most ethanol. Attack densities of Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte), counted in August, were highest in November-felled logs and lowest in March-felled logs and correlated with tissue ethanol concentrations from logs sampled in March. This beetle behavior is consistent with the expected response to a compound that functions as a beetle arrestant and attack stimulant. Absorption of rain, which could interfere with gas exchange between the atmosphere and log tissues, probably contributed to the establishment of anaerobic conditions in the logs. RP KELSEY, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 56 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2096 EP 2104 DI 10.1139/x94-269 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QB752 UT WOS:A1994QB75200015 ER PT J AU INGLETT, GE WARNER, K NEWMAN, RK AF INGLETT, GE WARNER, K NEWMAN, RK TI SENSORY AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATIONS OF OATRIM SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTEROL; PRODUCTS AB Effects of the substitution of oatrim for fat on the sensory characteristics of cookies and candy were investigated. Shortening in oatmeal raisin cookies was replaced with oatrim gel at 50, 75, and 100% levels. The cookies were evaluated by a 20-member sensory panel. The cookie with a 50% level of substitution was not significantly different (P > 0.05) for flavor and texture characteristics from the control cookie, but at 75 and 100% levels of substitution, differences were observed. Substituting oatrim gel for whipping cream in reduced-fat truffle centers caused no significant flavor intensities changes at the 50% level compared with the control. At a 100% level of substitution, there was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the creamy/buttery flavor compared with the control. To confirm that oatrim exhibited the hypocholesterolemic properties associated with oat products, a nutritional evaluation of oatrim in chicks showed a very significant reduction in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP INGLETT, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD OCT PY 1994 VL 39 IS 10 BP 755 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PP269 UT WOS:A1994PP26900005 ER PT J AU LOPEZMIRANDA, J ORDOVAS, JM MARIN, C JANSEN, S LOPEZSEGURA, F SALAS, J BLANCO, A JIMENEZPEREPEREZ, J PEREZJIMENEZ, B AF LOPEZMIRANDA, J ORDOVAS, JM MARIN, C JANSEN, S LOPEZSEGURA, F SALAS, J BLANCO, A JIMENEZPEREPEREZ, J PEREZJIMENEZ, B TI THE SSTI POLYMORPHIC SITE AT THE APOLIPOPROTEIN-C-III GENE PREDICTS PLASMA LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN DIETARY-FAT IN YOUNG MEN SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOSP UNIV REINA SOFIA,CORDOBA,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1994 VL 90 IS 4 BP 74 EP 74 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PN417 UT WOS:A1994PN41700434 ER PT J AU MATA, P ALONSO, R LAHOZ, C ORDOVAS, JM BLAZQUEZ, E GARCES, C CODOCEO, R DEOYA, M AF MATA, P ALONSO, R LAHOZ, C ORDOVAS, JM BLAZQUEZ, E GARCES, C CODOCEO, R DEOYA, M TI EFFECT OF SATURATED, MONOUNSATURATED AND POLYUNSATURATED N-6 AND N-3 FATTY ACID-RICH DIETS ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LDL TO OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FDN JIMENEZ DIAZ,UNIDAD INVEST LIPIDOS,MADRID,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1994 VL 90 IS 4 BP 234 EP 234 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PN417 UT WOS:A1994PN41701293 ER PT J AU BROUSSEAU, ME ORDOVAS, JM OSODA, J FASULO, J ROBINS, SJ NICOLOSI, RJ SCHAEFER, EJ AF BROUSSEAU, ME ORDOVAS, JM OSODA, J FASULO, J ROBINS, SJ NICOLOSI, RJ SCHAEFER, EJ TI DIETARY MONOUNSATURATED AND POLYUNSATURATED FATS ARE COMPARABLE IN THEIR EFFECTS ON HEPATIC LIPID AND APOLIPOPROTEIN MESSENGER-RNA CONTENT SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRC,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,LOWELL,MA. VET ADM MED CTR JAMAICA PLAIN,BOSTON,MA 02130. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1994 VL 90 IS 4 BP 235 EP 235 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PN417 UT WOS:A1994PN41701294 ER PT J AU LAMONFAVA, S SCHAEFER, EJ LICHTENSTEIN, AH MCNAMARA, JR SPIEGELMAN, D DWYER, JT GOLDIN, BR WOODS, MN GORBACH, SL AF LAMONFAVA, S SCHAEFER, EJ LICHTENSTEIN, AH MCNAMARA, JR SPIEGELMAN, D DWYER, JT GOLDIN, BR WOODS, MN GORBACH, SL TI A LOW-FAT, HIGH-FIBER DIET INDUCES CHANGES IN PLASMA-LIPID LEVELS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN ESTROGEN-LEVELS IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1994 VL 90 IS 4 BP 235 EP 235 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PN417 UT WOS:A1994PN41701297 ER PT J AU GENEST, J LUSSIERCACAN, S DAVIGNON, J LATOUR, Y SELHUB, J AF GENEST, J LUSSIERCACAN, S DAVIGNON, J LATOUR, Y SELHUB, J TI HOMOCYST(E)INE IN HEALTH AND CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE IN FRENCH-CANADIAN MEN AND WOMEN - RELATIONSHIP WITH VITAMINS-B12, VITAMIN-B6, PYRIDOXAL-PHOSPHATE AND FOLATE SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOP HOTEL DIEU,MONTREAL H2W 1T8,QUEBEC,CANADA. CLIN RES INST MONTREAL,MONTREAL H2W 1R7,QUEBEC,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRC,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1994 VL 90 IS 4 BP 666 EP 666 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PN417 UT WOS:A1994PN41703611 ER PT J AU ORDOVAS, JM LOPEZMIRANDA, J PEREZJIMENEZ, F RODRIGUEZ, C PARK, JS COLE, TG SCHAEFER, EJ AF ORDOVAS, JM LOPEZMIRANDA, J PEREZJIMENEZ, F RODRIGUEZ, C PARK, JS COLE, TG SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECT OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-E AND APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-IV PHENOTYPES ON THE LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN RESPONSE TO HMG COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR THERAPY SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1994 VL 90 IS 4 BP 666 EP 666 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PN417 UT WOS:A1994PN41703613 ER PT J AU BOSTOM, AG GAGNON, DR CUPPLES, LA WILSON, PWF JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ CASTELLI, WP AF BOSTOM, AG GAGNON, DR CUPPLES, LA WILSON, PWF JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ CASTELLI, WP TI A PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION OF ELEVATED LIPOPROTEIN(A) DETECTED BY ELECTROPHORESIS AND CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE IN WOMEN - THE FRAMINGHAM HEART-STUDY SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 13-17, 1994 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER COLL CARDIOL DE LIPOPROTEIN (A); WOMEN RISK; FACTORS; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; CORONARY HEART DISEASE ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; PLASMA LP(A) LIPOPROTEIN; PRE-BETA LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK FACTOR; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATION; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; FIBRIN BINDING AB Background Sinking prebeta lipoprotein is a putative marker for elevated levels of lipoprotein (a). Although prospective data suggest that increased plasma lipoprotein (a) is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease in men, no prospective studies are available in women. Methods and Results From 1968 through 1975, sinking prebeta lipoprotein was determined by paper electrophoresis in 3103 women Framingham Heart Study participants who were free of prevalent cardiovascular disease. A sinking prebeta lipoprotein band was detectable in 434 of the women (14%) studied. The median follow-up interval was approximately 12 years. Incident cardiovascular disease was associated with band presence using a proportional hazards model that included age, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glucose intolerance, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and ECG left ventricular hypertrophy. Multivariable adjusted relative risk estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) for outcomes in the band present versus absent groups were as follows: myocardial infarction (82 events), 2.37 (1.48 to 3.81); intermittent claudication (62 events), 1.94 (1.07 to 3.50); cerebrovascular disease (83 events), 1.88 (1.12 to 3.15); total coronary heart disease (174 events), 1.61 (1.13 to 2.29); and total cardiovascular disease (305 events), 1.44 (1.09 to 1.91). A subset analysis indicated that band presence was 50.9% sensitive and 95.4% specific for detecting plasma lipoprotein (a) levels of > 30 mg/dL, the threshold value linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk in men. Conclusions Sinking prebeta lipoprotein was a valid surrogate for elevated lipoprotein (a) levels in Framingham Heart Study women. Band presence and, equivalently, elevated plasma lipoprotein (a), was a strong, independent predictor of myocardial infarction, intermittent claudication, and cerebrovascular disease. Confirmation of these findings in other longitudinal studies of women is needed. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BOSTOM, AG (reprint author), FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,EPIDEMIOL & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,5 THURBER ST,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-35243] NR 91 TC 207 Z9 215 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1994 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1688 EP 1695 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PM632 UT WOS:A1994PM63200012 PM 7923652 ER PT J AU DALE, VH RAUSCHER, HM AF DALE, VH RAUSCHER, HM TI ASSESSING IMPACTS OF CLIMATE-CHANGE ON FORESTS - THE STATE OF BIOLOGICAL MODELING SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Review ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; SUCCESSION MODEL; ECOLOGICAL RISK; CARBON BALANCE; GENERAL-MODEL; GLOBAL CHANGE; TREE GROWTH; SOIL AB Models that address the impacts of climate change on forests are reviewed at four levels of biological organization: global, regional or landscape, community, and tree. The models are compared for their ability to assess changes in fluxes of biogenic greenhouse gases, land use, patterns of forest type or species composition, forest resource productivity, forest health, biodiversity, and wildlife habitat. No one model can address all of these impacts, but landscape transition models and regional vegetation and land-use models have been used to consider more impacts than the other models. The development of landscape vegetation dynamics models of functional groups is suggested as a means to integrate the theory of both landscape ecology and individual tree responses to climate change. Risk assessment methodologies can be adapted to deal with the impacts of climate change at various spatial and temporal scales. Four areas of research needing additional effort are identified: (1) linking socioeconomic and ecologic models; (2) interfacing forest models at different scales; (3) obtaining data on susceptibility of trees and forest to changes in climate and disturbance regimes; and (4) relating information from different scales. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806. RP DALE, VH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009 NR 104 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 90 DI 10.1007/BF01094101 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PQ757 UT WOS:A1994PQ75700004 ER PT J AU MCLAREN, GD MCLAREN, CE KAMBOUR, EL LUKASKI, HC XIA, L MCLACHLAN, GJ BRITTENHAM, GM AF MCLAREN, GD MCLAREN, CE KAMBOUR, EL LUKASKI, HC XIA, L MCLACHLAN, GJ BRITTENHAM, GM TI EARLY DETECTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF IRON-DEFICIENCY BY PATIENT-SPECIFIC SEQUENTIAL-ANALYSIS OF HEMATOLOGICAL TESTS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,FARGO,ND. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND. MOORHEAD STATE UNIV,MOORHEAD,MN. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. UNIV QUEENSLAND,BRISBANE,QLD,AUSTRALIA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,CLEVELAND,OH. RI McLachlan, Geoffrey/A-1491-2008 OI McLachlan, Geoffrey/0000-0002-5921-3145 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 42 IS 3 BP A405 EP A405 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA PD505 UT WOS:A1994PD50500331 ER PT J AU NELSON, DR BUCKNER, JS FATLAND, CL AF NELSON, DR BUCKNER, JS FATLAND, CL TI THE COMPOSITION OF EXTERNAL LIPIDS FROM ADULT WHITEFLIES, BEMISIA-TABACI AND TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOLS; ALDEHYDES; DOTRIACONTANAL; DOTRIACONTANOL; BEMISIA TABACI; FATTY ACIDS; FATTY ALCOHOLS; TRIALEURODES VAPORARIOURUM; WAXES; WAX ESTERS; WHITEFLY; TETRATRIACONTANAL; TETRATRIACONTANOL ID SCALE INSECTS; WAX; HOMOPTERA; GLANDS; LARVA AB The total surface lipids, including the wax particles, of the adult whiteflies of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum were characterized. At eclosion, there were similar amounts of long-chain hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols and wax esters. Within a few hours post-eclosion, long-chain aldehydes and long-chain alcohols were the dominant surface lipid components, C-34 on B. tabaci and C-32 on T. vaporariorum. Hydrocarbons, mainly n-alkanes, were minor components of the surface lipids. The major wax esters were C-46 on B. tabaci and C-42 on T. vaporariorum. The major acid and alcohol moieties in the wax esters of B. tabaci were C-20 and C-26, respectively, and of T. vaporariorum were C-20 and C-22, respectively. Both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum had a minor wax ester composed of the fatty acid C-18:1 esterified to the major alcohols, C-34 and C-32 respectively. Bemisia were readily distinguished from Trialeurodes based on the composition of their wax particles and/or their wax esters; however, no differentiating surface lipid components were detected between biotypes A and B of B. tabaci. RP NELSON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol B-Biochem. Molec. Biol. PD OCT-NOV PY 1994 VL 109 IS 2-3 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(94)90013-2 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA PZ171 UT WOS:A1994PZ17100013 ER PT J AU HAMELIN, RC DOUDRICK, RL NANCE, WL AF HAMELIN, RC DOUDRICK, RL NANCE, WL TI GENETIC DIVERSITY IN CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM F SP FUSIFORME ON LOBLOLLY PINES IN SOUTHERN US SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FUSIFORM RUST; GENETIC VARIATION; RAPD POLYMORPHISM; PCR ID F-SP FUSIFORME; POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; UNITED-STATES; SP TRITICI; ISOZYME; POPULATIONS; AUSTRALIA; VIRULENCE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Twelve random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study genetic variability in three populations of Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme, the causal agent of fusiform rust on pines. Most of the variability (94%) was found within populations while 6% of the total variability was attributable to frequency differences between populations. The frequency of three markers was significantly different between regions of origin on an east-west transect. Three markers were completely absent from one of the populations while present in the others, and one marker was fixed in the western population but polymorphic in the eastern and central populations. However, no significant differences were observed when the western population was omitted from the analysis. The results suggest that C. quercuum f. sp. fusiforme is a highly heterogeneous pathogen with little geographic differentiation and underscores the importance of considering the population structure of the pathogen in resistance breeding programs. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,GULFPORT,MS 39505. RP HAMELIN, RC (reprint author), CANADIAN FOREST SERV,NAT RESOURCES CANADA,POB 3800,1055 PEPS,ST FOY G1V 4C7,PQ,CANADA. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1007/BF00310501 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA PJ451 UT WOS:A1994PJ45100011 PM 7882431 ER PT J AU MATTERI, RL LAMBERSON, WR KEISLER, DH AF MATTERI, RL LAMBERSON, WR KEISLER, DH TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IN-VITRO SOMATOTROPH FUNCTION AND GROWTH IN 3-WEEK-OLD BARROWS SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; FACTOR-I; PROLACTIN SECRETION; BINDING-PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; GROWING-PIGS; LIVE WEIGHT; SWINE AB The relationship between in vitro somatotroph function and growth was examined in piglets demonstrating a continuous range of growth characteristics. Twenty barrows were sacrificed at 3 weeks of age for the collection of pituitary tissue and blood. Pituitary cells from each animal were cultured and exposed to vehicle (culture medium);.l, 1, and 10 nM growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH); 2 mM 8-Br-cAMP (cAMP); 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA); and 59 mM KCl. All secretagogue treatments stimulated growth hormone (GH) secretion p < .0001). Basal and stimulated GH secretion in culture, intracellular GH content (icGH), and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations were all positively correlated with S-week weight gain (p < .05). Concentrations of GH in the serum sample taken at sacrifice were not related to growth (p > .3). Intracellular GH content was correlated with in vitro GH secretion p < .01) and serum IGF-1 concentrations (p < .001). Somatotroph function was contrasted in the 7 largest and 7 smallest piglets (large, 8.3 +/- .3 kg, n = 7; small, 4.5 +/- .2 kg, n = 7). Treatment with GHRH produced a dose-related increase in GH secretion in both experimental groups (p < .0001). No significant size x GHRH interaction was detected (p = .09). When contrasted with the small group, the large group demonstrated elevated GH secretion in culture (p < .01), icGH content (p < .001), and circulating IGF-1 (p < .001). The results of this study raise the possibility of a functional relationship between porcine somatotroph secretory activity and growth, mediated by IGF-1, which may be regulated by the quantity of GH available for release. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO. RP MATTERI, RL (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ROOM S-143 ANIM SCI RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 363 EP 373 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(94)90008-6 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PL026 UT WOS:A1994PL02600007 PM 7828430 ER PT J AU BARB, CR CHANG, WJ LESHIN, LS RAMPACEK, GB KRAELING, RR AF BARB, CR CHANG, WJ LESHIN, LS RAMPACEK, GB KRAELING, RR TI OPIOID MODULATION OF GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE RELEASE FROM THE HYPOTHALAMIC PREOPTIC AREA IN THE PIG SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; MEDIAN-EMINENCE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; LH-SECRETION; FEMALE RATS; INHIBITION; INVITRO; GILT; MORPHINE; NALOXONE AB Two experiments (Exp) were conducted to examine in vitro the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus after treatment with naloxone (NAL) or morphine (MOR). In Exp 1, hypothalamic-preoptic area (HYP-POA) collected from 3 market weight gilts at sacrifice and sagittally halved were perifused for 90 min prior to a 10 min pulse of morphine (MOR; 4.5 x 10(-6) M) followed by NAL (3.1 x 10(-5) M) during the last 5 min of MOR (MOR + NAL; n=3). The other half of the explants (n=3) were exposed to NAL for 5 min. Fragments were exposed to KCl (60 mM) at 175 min to assess residual GnRH releasability. In Exp 2, nine gilts were ovariectomized and received either oil vehicle im (V; n=3); 10 mu g estradiol-17 beta/kg BW im 42 hr before sacrifice (E; n=3);.85 mg progesterone/kg BW im twice daily for 6 d prior to sacrifice (P-4; n=3). Blood was collected to assess pituitary sensitivity to GnRH (.2 mu g/kg BW) on the day prior to sacrifice. On the day of sacrifice HYP-POA explants were collected and treated as described in Exp 1 except tissue received only NAL. In Exp 1, NAL increased (P<.05) GnRH release. This response to NAL was attenuated (P<.05) by coadministration of MOR. Cumulative GnRH release after NAL was greater (P<.05) than after MOR + NAL. All tissues responded similarly to KCl with an increase (P<.05) in GnRH release. In Exp 2, pretreatment luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were lower (P<.05) in E gilts compared to V and P-4 animals with P-4 being lower (P<.05) than V gilts. LH response to GnRH was lower (P<.05) in E pigs than in V and P-4 animals, while the responses was similar between V and P-4 gilts. NAL increased GnRH release in all explants, whereas, KCl increased GnRH release in 6 of 9 explants. These results indicate that endogenous opioid peptides may modulate in vitro GnRH release from the hypothalamus in the gilt. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BARB, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 375 EP 382 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(94)90009-4 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PL026 UT WOS:A1994PL02600008 PM 7828431 ER PT J AU URI, ND AF URI, ND TI THE ECONOMICS OF ENERGY IN AGRICULTURE - GOPALAKRISHNAN,C SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 16 IS 4 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.1016/0140-9883(94)90025-6 PG 2 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA QA982 UT WOS:A1994QA98200005 ER PT J AU MERSIE, W NORMAN, HA PILLAI, P AF MERSIE, W NORMAN, HA PILLAI, P TI RESPONSE OF BEANS AND HAIRY FLEABANE LEAVES TO OZONE AND PARAQUAT WITH AND WITHOUT THE ANTIOZONANT, ETHYLENEDIUREA SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE BEANS; HAIRY FLEABANE; OZONE; PARAQUAT; ETHYLENEDIUREA ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; INJURY; PLANTS AB Growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine if there is a pattern of cross-tolerance to paraquat and ozone (O-3) using an O-3-insensitive bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotype, and paraquat-resistant hairy fleabane [Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq.] biotype. The additional objective was to determine if the antiozonant, EDU, protects seedlings against paraquat injury. Bean and fleabane seedlings were treated with EDU and exposed to O-3 at 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 ppm (v/v) for 6 hr or paraquat at 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mM. Responses were evaluated by measuring fresh weight and chlorophyll content. EDU protected the O-3-sensitive bean genotype and both hairy fleabane biotypes from O-3 injury. However, EDU did not improve the tolerance of the paraquat-susceptible hairy fleabane or the two bean genotypes to paraquat. The paraquat-resistant hairy fleabane was not tolerant to O-3, and the O-3-insensitive bean genotype did not show resistance to paraquat. No cross-tolerance between O-3 and paraquat in beans and hairy fleabane was detected. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MERSIE, W (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,AGR RES STN,PETERSBURG,VA 23806, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(94)90020-5 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QB477 UT WOS:A1994QB47700005 ER PT J AU SEILER, GJ AF SEILER, GJ TI PRIMARY AND LATERAL ROOT ELONGATION OF SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L; HELIANTHUS SPP; GROWTH POUCH; CORRELATION; ROOT CHRONOLOGY; ROOT GROWTH ID PLAINS AB Roots play a major role in maintaining a water supply in plants. Differences in root density and rooting depth exist in many crops. Sunflower is a drought-tolerant crop with limited information about early root growth. The wild progenitors of the crop species are potential sources for enhancing the rooting system of sunflower. Primary and lateral root growth th of 10-day old seedlings of eight genetically diverse sunflower (Helianthus spp.) genotypes was evaluated to determine the early chronological root growth. Seeds were germinated and seedlings grown in polyethylene pouches at 25 degrees C in the dark for 10 days. Primary root length, lateral root length and number of lateral roots were determined beginning at 2 days after planting (DAP) for 6 consecutive days, and at 10 days for early primary root growth. An analysis of variance indicated that genotypes differed significantly in primary and lateral root lengths, total root length, number of lateral roots and mean lateral root length, but not branching density. At 10 DAP, genotype PET had the longest primary roots (9.0 cm), and genotype 471D had the longest lateral roots (20.5 cm). Genotype PET had the greatest number of lateral roots with 14.3 root seedling(-1). The greatest increases in primary and lateral root lengths occurred during the fourth-sixth DAP. A high positive correlation was observed between primary and lateral root lengths, number of lateral roots, with the lowest correlation between primary root length and branching density. There appears to be adequate variability for selection to genetically alter root growth patterns in sunflower using wild species, but further studies are needed to correlate laboratory observations with rooting responses under field conditions. RP SEILER, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,OILSEEDS RES UNIT,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 409 EP 418 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(94)90023-X PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QB477 UT WOS:A1994QB47700008 ER PT J AU WANG, CY BUTA, JG AF WANG, CY BUTA, JG TI METHYL JASMONATE REDUCES CHILLING INJURY IN CUCURBITA-PEPO THROUGH ITS REGULATION OF ABSCISIC-ACID AND POLYAMINE LEVELS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE CUCURBITA PEPO; ABSCISIC ACID; CHILLING INJURY; METHYL JASMONATE; POLYAMINE ID SUSPENSION-CULTURED CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ZUCCHINI SQUASH; TOMATO FRUITS; PLANT-GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; TOLERANCE; STRESS; BARLEY; ABA AB Zucchini squash fruit (Cucurbita pepo L.) were pressure infiltrated (82.7 kPa for 3 min) with methyl jasmonate (MJ) in aqueous suspension and then stored at a chilling temperature of 5 degrees C. Control fruit were treated with distilled water and handled in a similar manner. Control fruit started to show chilling injury after 4 days of storage, whereas treated fruit had a 2-4 day delay in the onset of chilling injury symptoms. The abscisic acid (ABA) level in exocarp tissue of the control fruit increased after chilling treatment. An even larger increase in ABA level was found in the MJ-treated tissue upon exposure to 5 degrees C, indicating that MJ may stimulate ABA synthesis at chilling temperatures. The treated and control fruit had similar increases in putrescine content when exposed to chilling temperatures. Spermidine and spermine contents decreased during storage at 5 degrees C in treated and control squash. However, the treated fruit maintained higher levels of spermidine and spermine than the control fruit throughout storage at 5 degrees C. These results indicate that MJ may prevent chilling injury by a mechanism which involves regulation of ABA and polyamine levels. RP WANG, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 59 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(94)90025-6 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QB477 UT WOS:A1994QB47700010 ER PT J AU DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G DIEHL, J LI, DH FLEXNER, L JACKSON, G JONES, W DEBOLT, J AF DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G DIEHL, J LI, DH FLEXNER, L JACKSON, G JONES, W DEBOLT, J TI BIOCONTROL-PARASITE - PARASITOID-HOST AND CROP LOSS ASSESSMENT SIMULATION-MODEL SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYGUS-HESPERUS; EGG AND NYMPHAL PARASITOIDS; ALFALFA ID TARNISHED PLANT BUGS; GRASS MITE ACARI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LYGUS-HESPERUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; HETEROPTERA; MIRIDAE; TETRANYCHIDAE; PHYTOSEIIDAE AB A model (BIOCONTROL-PARASITE) that simulates host and parasitoid population interactions, parasitism rates, and plant damage is described. BIOCONTROL-PARASITE can simulate many different species of phytophagous insects, parasitoids, and plants because specifics of the insect and plant biology are entered through menus at the beginning of a simulation. Augmentative releases of egg and nymphal parasitoids also can be simulated. The accuracy of BIOCONTROL-PARASITE predictions was tested by comparing them with field estimates of Lygus hesperus (Knight), in an alfalfa agroecosystem with Anaphes iole (Girault), and Leiophron uniformis (Gahan) as egg and nymphal parasitoids, respectively. BIOCONTROL-PARASITE predicted L. hesperus nymphal and adult populations, egg and nymphal parasitism rates, and plant state with reasonable accuracy. Simulations with and without parasitoids predicted that egg and nymphal parasitoid populations created by way of augmentative releases would reduce the L. hesperus population, but would not greatly decrease feeding damage and subsequent loss of alfalfa seed. Simulations predicted that releasing both egg and nymphal parasitoids would decrease L. hesperus egg, nymphal, and adult populations slightly below levels achieved by releasing only egg parasitoids. Estimates of seed yields from simulations with and without L. hesperus indicated that about one-third of the alfalfa seed crop would be eaten by L. hesperus. Using BIOCONTROL-PARASITE as a tool for identifying parasitoid species that might be candidates for mass rearing and release as biocontrol agents and to test the applicability and realism of data collected from laboratory experiments of host-parasitoid interactions is discussed. The assumptions and limitations of the model also are described. RP DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1045 EP 1060 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PN322 UT WOS:A1994PN32200001 ER PT J AU SNODGRASS, GL STADELBACHER, EA AF SNODGRASS, GL STADELBACHER, EA TI POPULATION-LEVELS OF TARNISHED PLANT BUGS (HETEROPTERA, MIRIDAE) AND BENEFICIAL ARTHROPODS FOLLOWING EARLY-SEASON TREATMENTS OF GERANIUM-DISSECTUM FOR CONTROL OF BOLLWORMS AND TOBACCO BUDWORMS (LEPIDOPTERA, (NOCTUIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYGUS-LINEOLARIS; GERANIUM-DISSECTUM; TARNISHED PLANT BUG ID HOST PLANTS; MISSISSIPPI; LEPIDOPTERA; DELTA; WILD AB Wild geranium, Geranium dissectum L., was treated between late March and early April to control the F1 larval generation of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Treatments were a single mowing, a single application of the herbicide (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D), four applications of Heliothis nuclear-polyhedrosis virus (Elcar) formulated with Bacillus thuringiensis (Thuricide) and Gustol (a feeding stimulant), and an untreated check. Tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) and beneficial arthropods were sampled weekly during a 7-wk period to determine effects of the treatments on their numbers. The Elcar (virus) treatment had no significant effect on numbers of beneficial arthropods or L. lineolaris. Beneficial arthropod numbers were reduced by the mowing and 2,4-D treatments by an average 56.5 and 45.6% (as compared with those in the untreated check), respectively. Tarnished plant bug numbers were reduced by an average 40.5% for adults and 78.8% for nymphs by the mowing treatment, while reductions averaged 65.3% for adults and 72.9% for nymphs after the 2,4-D treatment. The effectiveness of mowing and 2,4-D treatment in reducing numbers of L. lineolaris, along with their previously reported effectiveness against F1 larvae of H. virescens and H. zea found in G. dissectum, make these treatments potentially valuable control options for the three pests during the early season before their movement into cotton. RP SNODGRASS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1096 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PN322 UT WOS:A1994PN32200005 ER PT J AU HENNESSEY, MK AF HENNESSEY, MK TI DEPTH OF PUPATION OF CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN SOILS IN THE LABORATORY SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; LARVA; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION AB Estimates of pupation depth in soil for Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), are important to future development of sampling and management techniques in fruit groves in southern Florida. Colony-reared, late third instars were placed onto soil surfaces in containers and allowed to burrow and pupate. Experimental units consisted of one larva per container. Soil in containers had a volume of 740 ml, surface area of 95 cm2, and depth of 9 cm. Pupae were excavated from soil after 72 h and their depths were recorded. Soil moisture (10 and 50% field capacity), type (muck, marl, and loam) and compaction (low and high bulk density) were the independent variables tested for their effects on pupation depth. Mean depths ranged between 0.7 cm (loam, 50% field capacity) and 3.3 cm (muck, 10% field capacity, low bulk density). Means differed significantly because of compaction and the interaction of moisture x compaction. Larvae pupated at a greater depth in soils of low compaction than in soils of high compaction. The difference in depth between low and high compaction was greater for soils of low moisture than for soils of high moisture. The pupation rate was 100% for all treatments. Mean adult emergence rates ranged between 66.7 and 100% but did not differ significantly among treatments. RP HENNESSEY, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES LAB,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1119 EP 1123 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PN322 UT WOS:A1994PN32200009 ER PT J AU WILEYTO, EP AF WILEYTO, EP TI IMPROVING MARKOV-RECAPTURE POPULATION ESTIMATION WITH MULTIPLE MARKING SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRAPPING; POPULATION ESTIMATE; MARK-RECAPTURE ID TRAP CATCH; STATISTICS AB Markov-recapture population size estimates rely on insects (or other animals) marking themselves before arrival in a trap. Assumptions about rates of marking and capture are based upon the sampling scheme, and the estimate is based on the resulting multinomial probability distribution. The original scheme used one marking station per trap, yielding an assumption of equal rates of marking and capture. This paper explores more general schemes that provide better resolution, sometimes with added degrees of freedom, and which provide estimates more quickly than the original scheme (reducing the risk of violating assumptions). The alternative schemes involve varying the ratio of marking stations to traps and multiple marking. The paper continues to describe the maximum likelihood estimates of population size based on these sampling schemes and gives a rough correction for the bias of the population estimate, found by using a jackknife technique. Two standard error confidence limits are explicit expressions obtained using asymptotic maximum likelihood arguments; these work well in conjunction with the corrected estimate if trapping has continued for an extended period. Relative likelihood-based confidence intervals perform better than two standard error intervals over a wide range of parameter values, especially where trapping has not continued for an extended period. The method tends to become biased when used in an open or growing population. Goodness-of-fit tests are possible with the added degrees of freedom but are not very powerful. C1 USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405. RP WILEYTO, EP (reprint author), UNIV PENN,SCH VET MED,NEW BOLTON CTR,382 W STREET RD,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1129 EP 1137 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PN322 UT WOS:A1994PN32200011 ER PT J AU JENSEN, T KAISER, PE BARNARD, DR AF JENSEN, T KAISER, PE BARNARD, DR TI ADAPTATION TO INTERMITTENTLY FLOODED SWAMPS BY ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS SPECIES C1 (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS; EGG; ADAPTION ID LABORATORY STRAINS; GAMBIAE COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; MEMBER; KENYA; KEY AB Anopheles quadrimaculatus species Cl is a member of the recently described A. quadrimaculatus complex and has been collected from temporary pools in intermittently flooded swamps in north Florida. We examined the hypothesis that species Cl uses persistence in the egg stage as a survival strategy. Species Cl larvae appeared in 40 of 153 samples of dry substrate collected from the floor of four intermittently flooded swamps and flooded with distilled water. Cohorts of first-instar species Cl were collected from temporary pools <24 h after the pools formed and at the same time as first instars of the floodwater mosquitoes Aedes infirmatus and Psorophora ferox appeared. In the laboratory, eggs of species Cl were successfully hatched after storage for up to 28 d on moist filter paper. Survival of species Cl eggs allows this species to exploit a niche used by floodwater mosquitoes. RP JENSEN, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,BOX 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1150 EP 1154 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PN322 UT WOS:A1994PN32200013 ER PT J AU BROWN, MW SCHMITT, JJ AF BROWN, MW SCHMITT, JJ TI POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF WOOLLY APPLE APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) IN WEST-VIRGINIA APPLE ORCHARDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ERIOSOMA-LANIGERUM; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; APPLE ID ERIOSOMA-LANIGERUM AB Woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), populations were studied in eastern West Virginia from 1985 to 1989. In an unsprayed orchard, peak abundance of arboreal populations was 22-24 colonies per tree in early June each year. Spraying the orchard with a pyrethroid three times during 1989 had little effect on the population behavior, demonstrating the resilence of the woolly apple aphid and its natural enemy guild. Nearly 20% of the aphid colonies in June had syrphid larvae present and parasitism by Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) was >50% in July. Age structure of arboreal woolly apple aphid colonies varied through the summer with a significant reduction in first instars in July, signalling a return of aphids to the edaphic from the arboreal environment at the time. Samples of arboreal populations were not useful for predicting year-to-year population abundance or the extent of root infestations in a managed orchard. Microhabitat preference of arboreal colonies during the spring was for wound sites and other protected feeding sites on the tree branches and trunk. Leaf axils were the predominant microhabitat (51% of the colonies observed) from the end of May through August. Cicada oviposition sites were also highly preferred, with one orchard having 98% of the colonies in cicada oviposition scars. Woolly apple aphid colonies were observed more often in wounds and protected sites on branches in sprayed orchards and in high density populations than in unsprayed or low density populations. We suggest that these protected sites act as refugia for woolly apple aphid populations in apple orchards. RP BROWN, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1182 EP 1188 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PN322 UT WOS:A1994PN32200017 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF NELSEN, TC AF DOWD, PF NELSEN, TC TI SEASONAL-VARIATION OF SAP BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) POPULATIONS IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS CORNFIELD-OAK WOODLAND HABITAT AND POTENTIAL INFLUENCE OF WEATHER PATTERNS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARPOPHILUS; GLISCHROCHILUS; STELIDOTA ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; LUGUBRIS AB Species of sap beetles present at a central Illinois cornfield-oak woodland habitat were determined by spring to fall collections from can traps baited with fermenting wheat dough and banana. Carpophilus lugubris Murray was the dominant species. Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say) and Stelidota geminata (Say) were also collected frequently. Other species collected commonly were C. antiquus Melsheimer, C. freemani Dobson, and Colopterus truncatus Randall, which were generally encountered only in the early spring and late fall. Peak collections of C. lugubris were in late April, early June, and throughout the fall. A similar trend was noted for G. quadrisignatus, but S. geminata only had late spring and fall peaks. The peaks occurred at fairly consistent intervals over all 3 yr for G. quadrisignatus and S. geminata, but the spring first generation peak for C. lugubris was retarded by 3-4 wk during 1988. This change in population distribution might have resulted from the long dry period that occurred during this time. RP DOWD, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1215 EP 1223 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PN322 UT WOS:A1994PN32200021 ER PT J AU HAGSTRUM, DW DOWDY, AK LIPPERT, GE AF HAGSTRUM, DW DOWDY, AK LIPPERT, GE TI EARLY DETECTION OF INSECTS IN STORED WHEAT USING STICKY TRAPS IN BIN HEADSPACE AND PREDICTION OF INFESTATION LEVEL SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STORED-PRODUCT; TRAPPING; SAMPLING AB Insect populations in 14 bins of newly harvested wheat on eight farms in Kansas were monitored with sticky traps in the bin headspace and with grain samples. Sticky trap catches during the first 3 wk of storage were used to provide an estimate of the species and densities of insects that were present in the headspace. Grain samples were taken every 2 wk during the first 3 mo of storage to provide an estimate of population growth under the grain temperature and moisture conditions in the bins. The sticky traps correctly predicted whether lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), would be found in the grain samples in 85.8 and 78.6% of the bins, respectively. Traps were less reliable for foreign grain beetle, Ahasverus advena (Waltl), and hairy fungus beetle, Typhaea stercorea (L.), with correct predictions in 57.1 and 42.9% of bins, respectively. Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), was found in both traps and grain samples in only one bin and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), were not found in both traps and grain samples in any of the bins. The traps in the center of the bin caught 4.7-14.2 times more beetles than those on the bin walls, but only 1.3 times more P. interpunctella adults. The total numbers of C. ferrugineus adults in the grain samples could be predicted better from the product of mean grain temperature times maximum grain moisture than from sticky trap catch. RP HAGSTRUM, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1241 EP 1244 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PN322 UT WOS:A1994PN32200024 ER PT J AU VANTILBURG, AUB THOMAS, MD AF VANTILBURG, AUB THOMAS, MD TI EXTRACELLULAR BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES OF GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS RV14 SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES; GLIOCLADIUM VIRENS; ENZYMES; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PLANT PATHOGENS ID TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE; CHITOBIASE; CHITINASE AB Studies of the contribution of enzymatic activity to biological control of plant pathogens have usually relied on enzymes purified from late log phase or stationary phase cultures and ignored the possibility that different enzymes may be produced at different times. We found Two distinct extracellular beta-N-acetylhexsosaminidases in culture fluid of the biocontrol fungus Gliocladium virens The enzymes were purified to apparent homogeneity based on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and purification as great as 150-fold with yields up to 38% were obtained. The beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase purified from 24-h-old cultures (NAH1) migrated as a single band with M(r) = 70K in SDS-PAGE, had pI = 4.5, and lost 50% of its activity at 50 degrees C in 87 min. The beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from 8-day-old cultures (NAH2) resolved into three bands with M(r) = 75, 68, and 60K, had pI = 5.7, and lost 50% of its activity at 37 degrees C in 82 min. The kinetic parameters for chitobiose were K-m = 2.2 mM, V-max = 0.023 (NAH1) and K-m = 2.8 mM, V-max = 0.015 (NAH2). Among the p-nitrophenyl-containing substrates tested both enzymes showed a preference for p-NP-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (K-m = 0.12 and 0.14 mM, respectively). Carbohydrate staining of the purified proteins and changes in electrophoretic mobility after digestion with peptide-N-glycosidase F (PGNase F) or endoglycosidase H (Endo H-f) showed that both enzymes were glycosylated. C1 USDA ARS, SO CROPS RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77840 USA. RP TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 EI 1879-0909 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 16 IS 10 BP 849 EP 854 DI 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90059-0 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PG564 UT WOS:A1994PG56400005 ER PT J AU DUFFY, G SHERIDAN, JJ BUCHANAN, RL MCDOWELL, DA BLAIR, IS AF DUFFY, G SHERIDAN, JJ BUCHANAN, RL MCDOWELL, DA BLAIR, IS TI THE EFFECT OF AERATION, INITIAL INOCULUM AND MEAT MICROFLORA ON THE GROWTH-KINETICS OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES IN SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT BROTHS SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; PH 4.5; BACTERIA; TEMPERATURE; FOODS; SALMONELLAE; PRODUCTS; CULTURE AB The effect of increased aeration, initial inoculum and the meat microflora on the growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes in meat samples enriched in Listeria selective broth were investigated. Growth rate and lag phase duration were calculated following linear regression analysis on the growth data. Neither aeration or variations in the initial inoculum levels altered the length of the lag phase or the growth rate of L. monocytogenes. The growth kinetics of the meat microflora was similar under all of the experimental conditions investigated. Overall the meat microflora was shown to have a faster growth rate than L. monocytogenes in selective media. Organisms growing during Listeria selective enrichment were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and pseudomonads. The implications of the growth of these organisms in Listeria selective broths are discussed. C1 NATL FOOD CTR,DUBLIN 15,IRELAND. UNIV ULSTER,NEWTOWNABBEY BT37 0QB,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RI McDowell, David/A-7963-2009 OI McDowell, David/0000-0002-0253-0027 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 11 IS 5 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1006/fmic.1994.1048 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA PM662 UT WOS:A1994PM66200008 ER PT J AU SHERIDAN, JJ DUFFY, G BUCHANAN, RL MCDOWELL, DA BLAIR, IS AF SHERIDAN, JJ DUFFY, G BUCHANAN, RL MCDOWELL, DA BLAIR, IS TI THE USE OF SELECTIVE AND NONSELECTIVE ENRICHMENT BROTHS FOR THE ISOLATION OF LISTERIA SPECIES FROM MEAT SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCYTOGENES CELLS; RECOVERY; FOODS; MICROORGANISMS; INNOCUA; GROWTH; MEDIA AB The effects of selective agents in commonly used Listeria selective broths on the growth kinetics of Listeria were investigated. The data obtained were subjected to linear regression analysis and the lag phases and growth rates calculated. The selective agents significantly lengthened the lag phase (P < 0.01) but resulted in a faster growth rate (P < 0.001). The growth kinetics of the meat microflora were unaffected by the selective agents in the broths investigated. The use of buffered peptone water as a non-selective enrichment medium was found to offer advantages in the recovery of Listeria species from retail meat samples (n = 120). Buffered peptone water gave higher recovery rates at shorter incubation times than selective enrichment media and also gave improved recovery of Listeria monocytogenes. C1 UNIV ULSTER,NEWTOWNABBEY BT37 0QB,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP SHERIDAN, JJ (reprint author), NATL FOOD CTR,DUBLIN 15,IRELAND. RI McDowell, David/A-7963-2009 OI McDowell, David/0000-0002-0253-0027 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 11 IS 5 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1006/fmic.1994.1049 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA PM662 UT WOS:A1994PM66200009 ER PT J AU URI, ND BOYD, R AF URI, ND BOYD, R TI ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE SUGAR PROGRAM ON THE UNITED-STATES-ECONOMY SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURAL POLICY; COMPATIBLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELING; SUGAR ID POLICY AB This study examines the effect of the sugar tariff-rate import quota program on the United States economy. Based on a computable general equilibrium model, the analysis suggests that a complete elimination of the sugar program would reduce output for all producing sectors by about $2.85 billion. For producing sectors besides the agriculture programme crops, crude oil and petroleum refining sectors, output would increase by about $2.98 billion. Additionally, there would be an increase of about $197 million and $121 million in the consumption of goods and services and in welfare respectively. The government sector would realize a reduction in revenue of about $15 million. C1 OHIO UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATHENS,OH 45701. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,DIV COMMOD ECON,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD OCT PY 1994 VL 19 IS 5 BP 443 EP 457 DI 10.1016/0306-9192(94)90022-1 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA PV179 UT WOS:A1994PV17900002 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, DA REHFELDT, GE AF HAMILTON, DA REHFELDT, GE TI USING INDIVIDUAL TREE GROWTH PROJECTION MODELS TO ESTIMATE STAND-LEVEL GAINS ATTRIBUTABLE TO GENETICALLY IMPROVED STOCK SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GROWTH PROJECTION MODEL; INDIVIDUAL TREE GROWTH; STAND-LEVEL GAIN; GENETICALLY IMPROVED STOCK ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; EARLY SELECTION; YIELD AB Information needed to make estimates of stand-level gains anticipated from genetically improved stock is frequently unavailable. Methods developed in this paper combine the existing knowledge on stand development that should form the basis of a growth model with estimates of individual tree gains predicted by quantitative genetic theory. This combination provides estimates of anticipated stand-level gains based on the best available sources of information. An example uses the Stand Prognosis Model to estimate stand-level gains expected from genetically improved ponderosa pine being developed by the Inland Empire Tree Improvement Cooperative. A series of hypotheses are made concerning the expected response of the genetically improved stock to competition when grown in an operational plantation. The model is used to simulate stand development under each of the alternative hypotheses. Results suggest that one generation of tree improvement may lead to gains in yield of 1-15% or reduce rotations by 1-20 years depending on which of the hypotheses future research proves to be most correct. Studies to test and refine the hypotheses are described. RP HAMILTON, DA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 68 IS 2-3 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90045-0 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PQ805 UT WOS:A1994PQ80500006 ER PT J AU KROPF, FW SELL, J FEIST, WC AF KROPF, FW SELL, J FEIST, WC TI COMPARATIVE WEATHERING TESTS OF NORTH-AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN EXTERIOR WOOD FINISHES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB With the goal of comparing the performance of exterior paints on weather-exposed wood surfaces in the United States and western Europe, a number of commercially available coating systems were applied to various wood surfaces and exposed on test fences in the U.S. Midwest in Madison, Wis. (43-degrees-north), and in northern Switzerland near Zurich (47-degrees-north) for 5 years. This report summarizes the results of the performance and durability tests of the different coating systems. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP KROPF, FW (reprint author), SWISS FED LABS MAT TESTING & RES,UBERLANDSTR 129,CH-8600 DUBENDORF,SWITZERLAND. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 44 IS 10 BP 33 EP 41 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PL109 UT WOS:A1994PL10900003 ER PT J AU LOWELL, EC FAHEY, TD AF LOWELL, EC FAHEY, TD TI THE EFFECT OF FROST CRACKS IN SUGAR PINE TREES ON LUMBER GRADE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB This study evaluated the association between frost cracks and lumber degrade in sugar pine. Twenty-three sugar pine trees with visible frost cracks in an otherwise high quality (grade 3 or better) butt log were selected throughout the Sierra Nevada in eastern California. A total of 45, 16-foot logs were sawn from the 23 trees. Each piece of lumber was graded twice: 1) including all defects relating to frost cracks; and 2) as it would have been if the shakes and chemical brown stain resulting from frost cracks were not present. About 1,500 boards (two-thirds 5/4-in. Shop grades of lumber and one-third 4/4-in. Common grades of lumber) were sawn from the 45 logs. Results indicated a 15 percent loss in value (or a decrease of $180 per thousand board feet lumber tally) due to shake and brown stain in lumber produced, thereby reducing the value to that of a grade 5 log. RP LOWELL, EC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 44 IS 10 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PL109 UT WOS:A1994PL10900007 ER PT J AU BOWMAN, KD AF BOWMAN, KD TI CIPO SWEET ORANGE AND ITS UNIQUE GROWTH HABIT SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB 'Cipo' is a seedy, mid-season sweet orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) with a distinctive procumbent of ''weeping'' growth habit. Fruit characteristics of 'Cipo' are very similar to 'Pinapple' sweet orange, a cultivar commonly grown for juice production in Florids. Apomictic 'Cipo' seedlings 24 to 40 weeks old were different from apomictic 'Pinapple' seedlings for several aspects of vegetative morphology, including horizontal or weeping growth of the terminal shoot, broader shoot-petiole angle, and perhaps greater branching. Preliminary observations indicate that these traits are transmitted from 'Cipo' to some hybrid progeny. These 'Cipo' characteristics may have potential value for the development of unique ornamental or dwarf citrus cultivars and for use as genetic markers. Efforts are underway to define the inheritance of the 'Cipo' growth habit and to transmit it to scion and rootstock hybrids for further testing. RP BOWMAN, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SAA,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 48 IS 4 BP 230 EP 234 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PL553 UT WOS:A1994PL55300011 ER PT J AU SALTZMAN, JR RUSSELL, RM AF SALTZMAN, JR RUSSELL, RM TI BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH - IMPORTANCE OF A STERILE SAMPLING TECHNIQUE - REPLY SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP SALTZMAN, JR (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DIV DIGEST DIS & NUTR,WORCESTER,MA, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1215 EP 1215 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA PJ586 UT WOS:A1994PJ58600043 ER EF