FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Hallman, GJ AF Hallman, GJ BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Mortality of Caribbean fruit fly in coated fruits SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 495 EP 498 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00069 ER PT B AU Hansen, JD AF Hansen, JD BE McPheron, BA Steck, GJ TI Fruit fly larval mortality from thermal treatments varies with substrate type SO FRUIT FLY PESTS: A WORLD ASSESSMENT OF THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance CY JUN 05-10, 1994 CL SAND KEY, FL C1 ARS,USDA,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST LUCIE PRESS PI DELRAY BEACH PA 100 E LINTON BLVD, STE 403B, DELRAY BEACH, FL 33483 BN 1-57444-014-4 PY 1996 BP 499 EP 503 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Genetics & Heredity GA BE73X UT WOS:A1996BE73X00070 ER PT S AU Plattner, RD Weisleder, D Poling, SM AF Plattner, RD Weisleder, D Poling, SM BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Analytical determination of fumonisins and other metabolites produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related species on corn SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; MYCOTOXINS AB Fumonisins, secondary metabolites of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme are potent toxins that can be found in fungal contaminated corn. The detection and measurement of these toxins by HPLC with detection by an evaporative light scattering detector and by electrospray MS is reported. The light scattering detector had enough sensitivity to analyze culture materials, however, clean-up was necessary to detect fumonisins at sub-ppm levels in naturally contaminated corn extracts. The detection limit for FB1 with the light scattering detector was in the low ng range (10-50) while the detection limit of less than 1 ng injected was observed for the electrospray detector. Several previously unreported fumonisin isomers were observed in electrospray chromatograms of culture extracts. Two of these compounds, FA(3) and FA(4) were isolated and their proposed structure confirmed by NMR experiments. RP Plattner, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES,1815 N UNIV ST,MIDWEST AREA,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00005 PM 8850605 ER PT S AU Maragos, CM Bennett, GA Richard, JL AF Maragos, CM Bennett, GA Richard, JL BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Analysis of fumonisin B-1 in corn by capillary electrophoresis SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; MYCOTOXINS AB Intact fumonisins contain two tricarballylic acid groups and can therefore acquire a net negative charge. The anionic nature of the fumonisins is the basis behind the widely used method for cleanup of corn with strong anion exchange (SAX) columns. This property also enables the fumonisins to be separated by electrophoretic techniques which, until now, have not been applied to the analysis of fumonisins in corn. Fumonisin B-1, extracted from corn with 80/20 (v/v) methanol/water and isolated with a commercially available affinity column, was derivatized with fluorescein isothiocyanate for analysis by capillary zone electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CZE-LIF). Recoveries from corn fortified with 0.25 to 5.0 ppm FB1 averaged 89% (range 71 to 102%). As little as 0.05 ppm FB1 could be detected in corn. For corn naturally contaminated with FB1, the CZE-LIF method compared favorably to established SAX/HPLC and C-18/HPLC methods. Capillary electrophoresis can be used for quantitation of FB1 in corn, with minimal use of organic solvents and provides an additional tool for confirming fumonisin contamination. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00009 PM 8850609 ER PT S AU Meredith, FI Bacon, CW Norred, WP Plattner, RD AF Meredith, FI Bacon, CW Norred, WP Plattner, RD BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Isolation and purification of fumonisin B-1 and B-2 from rice culture SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; MYCOTOXINS; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; PHYTOTOXINS; TOXICITY; TRANSKEI; TOXINS; PIGS AB Procedures are presented for growing Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826 on rice, separation of fumonisin B-1 (FB1) from fumonisin B-2 (FB2), purification of FB1 and preliminary procedures for purification of FB2. The mycotoxins were extracted from rice culture material (RCM) with acetonitrile-water (1:1), filtered, and the acetonitrile removed on a rotary evaporator. Preparative reverse phase liquid chromatography (LC) was used to isolate and partially purify FB1 and FB2 from the extract. The extract was applied to a C-18 reverse phase cartridge. FB1 and FB2 were eluted from the cartridge by gradient of water-acetonitrile at a flow rate of 30 mL/min. A second preparative LC procedure using 0.5% pyridine-water and two CN cartridges was used to purify FB1. The FB2 fraction was concentrated on a rotary evaporator to remove the acetonitrile. Acetonitrile was added back in sufficient quantity to redissolve the crystalline material in the fraction. An aliquot of the FB2 fraction was added to a centrifugal spinning silicic acid TLC plate. The centrifugal TLC plate was washed at 3 mL/min with a linear gradient of(A) chloroform-acetone(4:3) and (B) methanol-acetone (1:1) to elute the FB2. Gradient starting conditions were 10% methanol and ending conditions were 50% methanol. This preliminary study using the centrifugal spinning TLC showed the procedure to have the potential to be useful for purification of FB2. RP Meredith, FI (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00010 PM 8850610 ER PT S AU Desjardins, AE Plattner, RD Proctor, RH AF Desjardins, AE Plattner, RD Proctor, RH BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Genetic and biochemical aspects of fumonisin production SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; BIOSYNTHESIS; MYCOTOXINS; CULTURES; STRAINS; MARKERS AB Fumonisin mycotoxins are produced by Gibberella fujikuroi (Fusarium moniliforme) mating population A, a major pathogen of maize and sorghum worldwide. Fumonisin biosynthetic genes are being identified by genetic crosses utilizing naturally occurring fumonisin production variants. Meiotic analysis has identified three putative fumonisin biosynthetic loci. Fum1, which can control the ability to produce fumonisins, is being localized by marker-based mapping. Fum2 and fum3, which control hydroxylation of carbon-10 and carbon-5, respectively, appear to be linked. Additional experimental crosses should elucidate the linkage relationships among fum1, fum2 and fum3. When genetic analysis has localized the position of the fumonisin biosynthetic genes to a particular chromosomal region or regions, the genes will be identified by complementation of function via DNA-mediated transformation. Understanding fumonisin biosynthesis and its regulation should facilitate development of measures to control fumonisin contamination. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 165 EP 173 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00015 PM 8850615 ER PT S AU Bacon, CW Hinton, DM AF Bacon, CW Hinton, DM BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Fusaric acid and pathogenic interactions of corn and non-corn isolates of Fusarium moniliforme, a nonobligate pathogen of corn SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; MATING POPULATION; HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; SECTION LISEOLA; MAIZE; STRAINS; HOST; ULTRASTRUCTURE; INFECTION AB Fusarium moniliform is a nonobligate parasite of corn, which exists as a complex of closely related fungi from different mating population or biological species. Strains of this fungus isolated from corn, have been determined to belong to mating populations A, although other populations have been isolated from corn. The ultrastructural association of the fungus with corn during growth, and the effects of the host on suppression of disease suppression are reviewed. This fungus enters a relationship with corn cultivars that is not always pathogenic. Pathogenesis is delayed, if it ever occurs. F. moniliforme can exist entirely as an endophyte, systemically colonizing kernels, remaining there until germination upon which the fungus infects the emerging seedlings. The symptomless association persists during the growth cycle of corn, and the resulting endophytic hyphae may be the source of mycotoxin production. The host's ability to suppress the fungus appears to be related to one class of compounds, the cyclic hydroxamic acids and their decomposition products, which can be catabolized by the fungi of mating population A but not C. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 72 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 175 EP 191 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00016 PM 8850616 ER PT S AU Norred, WP Voss, KA Riley, RT Plattner, RD AF Norred, WP Voss, KA Riley, RT Plattner, RD BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Fumonisin toxicity and metabolism studies at the USDA - Fumonisin toxicity and metabolism SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID RAT PRIMARY HEPATOCYTES; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; CULTURE MATERIAL; CORN; MYCOTOXINS; FEEDS AB Fumonisins are responsible for many of the toxic effects of the common corn fungus, Fusarium moniliforme. They are acute renal and liver toxins in rats, and have tumor promoting activity. Fumonisin B-1 is poorly absorbed, rapidly excreted, and persists in small amounts in the liver and kidney. Fumonisins are specific inhibitors of ceramide synthase, and the toxic effects they produce may be related to their ability to disrupt sphingolipid metabolism, resulting in a myriad of problems in cell regulation and communication. In this paper, research that has been conducted on F. monilforme and the fumonisins at the USDA's Russell Research Center is reviewed. RP Norred, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 225 EP 236 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00020 PM 8850620 ER PT S AU Bennett, GA Richard, JL Eckhoff, SR AF Bennett, GA Richard, JL Eckhoff, SR BE Jackson, LS DeVries, JW Bullerman, LB TI Distribution of fumonisins in food and feed products prepared from contaminated corn SO FUMONISINS IN FOOD SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Fumonisins in Food CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; MYCOTOXINS; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA AB The fate and distribution of the fumonisins B-1 (FB1) and B-2 (FB2) were determined in products obtained from naturally contaminated corn used for ethanol fermentation and wet milling operations. Fumonisins are stable to the conditions used in ethanol fermentations and tend to concentrate in the distillers dried grain, a fraction generally used for animal feed. No toxin was found in the ethanol. Starch from wet milling of corn, naturally contaminated at 13.9 mu g fumonisin B-1/g, was free of detectable toxin. The other fractions contained fumonisins at the following levels: gluten(5.1-5.8 mu g FB1/g, 4.7-4.9 mu g FB2/g); fiber (2.7-5.7 mu g FB1/g, 2.1-3.1 mu g FB2/g); and germ(1.3-3.1 mu g FB1/g, 0.7-1.6 mu g FB2/g). The steep water and process water contained 22% of the recoverable fumonisins. A combination of analytical methodologies was required to determine fumonisins in the different products from the wet milling process. RP Bennett, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Eckhoff, Steven/F-2505-2010 NR 13 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45216-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 392 BP 317 EP 322 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Mycology; Toxicology GA BF55A UT WOS:A1996BF55A00027 PM 8850627 ER PT J AU Cabanillas, HE Raulston, JR AF Cabanillas, HE Raulston, JR TI Effects of furrow irrigation on the distribution and infectivity of Steinernema riobravis against corn earworm in corn SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; corn earworm; entomopathogenic nematode; irrigation; Steinernema riobravis AB The effects of dose, incorporation method, timing of irrigation (before vs after), and application via in-furrow irrigation on the distribution, persistence, and infectivity of Steinernema riobravis against corn earworm were determined. Prepupae were buried in corn field soils (31-39 degrees C) 2, 3, 6, 10, 17, 24, and 39 days after nematode application. Within 6 days after nematode treatment, increased infectivity (overall average) resulted when S. riobravis was applied via-in furrow irrigation (78%) compared with spray application on the soil surface before (46%) or after irrigation (64%). The overall mean insect mortality was higher when nematodes were incorporated into the subsurface than when they were applied onto the soil surface in those fields that received nematodes before (47.36%) or after irrigation (63.50%). At the most effective concentration [200 000 infective juveniles (IJ)/m(2)] infectivity was 95% when applied via in-furrow irrigation compared with 56 and 84% infectivity when applied before and after irrigation, respectively. Parasitism on top of the plant bed was highest with 200 000 IJ/m(2) (100%) compared with 100 000 IJ/m(2) (55%), 50 000 IJ/m(2) (53%) or the control (9%). No differences in parasitism was observed along the row indicating that nematodes were evenly distributed by irrigation. Steinernema riobravis persisted in the field (clay soil) over the 39-day period. The application of S. riobravis via in-furrow irrigation shows great potential for controlling corn earworm in the soil prior to adult emergence. RP Cabanillas, HE (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,CROP INSECTS RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5571 J9 FUND APPL NEMATOL JI Fundam. Appl. Nematol. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 3 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA UN239 UT WOS:A1996UN23900006 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Meyer, RJ AF Meyer, SLF Meyer, RJ TI Greenhouse studies comparing strains of the fungus Verticillium lecanii for activity against the nematode Heterodera glycines SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benomyl tolerance; biological control; fungus; Heterodera glycines; mutant; nematode; soybean cyst nematode; Verticillium lecanii AB In a greenhouse experiment, five strains of the fungus Verticillium lecanii were compared for their effects on soybean cyst nematode population densities. Four strains were mutants selected for increased tolerance to benomyl; the fifth strain was a wild type (ATCC 58909). Alginate prius containing fungus were applied at 0.5 g and 5.0 g prills per pot (each pot contained 530 g soil mixture). At the 5.0 g prius per pot application rate, all four mutant strains caused significant reductions in cyst numbers compared to controls without fungus. No strains were effective against the nematode when the prills were applied at 0.5 g per pot. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 011A,RM 153,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5571 J9 FUND APPL NEMATOL JI Fundam. Appl. Nematol. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 3 BP 305 EP 308 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA UN239 UT WOS:A1996UN23900011 ER PT J AU Kindiger, B Sokolov, V Dewald, C AF Kindiger, B Sokolov, V Dewald, C TI A comparison of apomictic reproduction in eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L) L) and maize-Tripsacum hybrids SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE apomixis; hybrids; maize; Tripsacum ID APOMIXIS; FERTILIZATION; POLYMORPHISMS AB The expression of gene(s) governing apomictic reproduction in Tripsacum provides the best foundation for comparing the effectiveness of apomictic reproduction in a series of maize-Tripsacum hybrids. Several 38-chromosome, apomictic maize-Tripsacum hybrids are available which possess the gene(s) conferring apomictic reproduction from Tripsacum. Without a base line for comparison, studies directed towards discerning the successful transfer or effectiveness of gene expression in a maize background are hampered. The objectives of this study are to compare the reproductive features found in apomictic Tripsacum with those in apomictic maize-Tripsacum hybrids. In addition, this study determined the feasibility of utilizing these maize-Tripsacum hybrid materials to continue an attempt to transfer the genes into a pure maize background. The frequency and occurrence of five unique reproductive features found in apomictic accessions of Tripsacum dactyloides were compared to the reproductive behaviours exhibited in the maize-Tripsacum hybrids. Results indicate the genes controlling apomixis in tetraploid Tripsacum are fully functional in maize-Tripsacum hybrids with diploid and triploid maize constitutions. The ability of the Tripsacum apomictic genes to retain full expression provides evidence to continue their transfer to a diploid or tetraploid maize background. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST CYTOL & GENET,NOVOSIBIRSK 630090,RUSSIA. RP Kindiger, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD JAN PY 1996 VL 97 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1007/BF00132586 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TY426 UT WOS:A1996TY42600012 ER PT B AU Beattie, CW AF Beattie, CW BE Gustafson, JP Flavell, RB TI Microsatellite heterozygosity: Functional constraints on the development and use of comprehensive genomic maps for livestock SO GENOMES OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS: 21ST STADLER GENETICS SYMPOSIUM SE STADLER GENETICS SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Stadler Genetics Symposium - Genomes of Plants and Animals CY MAY 22-24, 1995 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri Columbia, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anheuser Busch Co Inc, Northrup King Co, Monsanto Co HO UNIV MISSOURI C1 USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45372-X J9 STADLER GEN PY 1996 BP 15 EP 29 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Zoology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Zoology GA BF84R UT WOS:A1996BF84R00002 ER PT B AU Shoemaker, R Olson, T Kanazin, V AF Shoemaker, R Olson, T Kanazin, V BE Gustafson, JP Flavell, RB TI Soybean genome organization: Evolution of a legume genome SO GENOMES OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS: 21ST STADLER GENETICS SYMPOSIUM SE STADLER GENETICS SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Stadler Genetics Symposium - Genomes of Plants and Animals CY MAY 22-24, 1995 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri Columbia, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anheuser Busch Co Inc, Northrup King Co, Monsanto Co HO UNIV MISSOURI C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FCR,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45372-X J9 STADLER GEN PY 1996 BP 139 EP 150 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Zoology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Zoology GA BF84R UT WOS:A1996BF84R00011 ER PT J AU Weiss, CA Gerasimowicz, WV AF Weiss, CA Gerasimowicz, WV TI Interaction of water with clay minerals as studied by H-2 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ADSORBED WATER; NMR; MOLECULES; LAYER; MONTMORILLONITES; MICRODYNAMICS; SMECTITES; SURFACE; CATIONS; SYSTEM AB The interaction of water with a series of Ca2+/Na+,Ca2+/NH+4, and NH+4/Na+-exchanged hectorite and saponite clays in water- and clay-dominated systems was studied using H-2 NMR. Variable temperature Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (in the range of 189-299 K) was also used to determine the frequency of exchange and the rotation activation energy between water molecules hydrating the cations and the free water of the tactoid. The H-2 quadrupolar splitting and spin-lattice relaxation time (T-1) are related to the ratio of clay to adsorbed water in these systems. In water-dominated systems (where clay/water ratio is less than 1), motional averaging occurs between water hydrating the cations and the ''free'' or bulk water of the tactoid. In these systems, the spin-lattice relaxation time (T-1) is dominated by the relaxation of the ''free'' water on the external surface of the tactoids and has a value close to that for D2O (0.436 s), with the rotational correlation time (T-c) approaching 2.93 x 10(-12) s. A more recent article places T-c at 1.95 x 10(-12) s. The clay systems in this study have clay/water ratios (=0.0238 g-clay/mL-D2O), and the quadrupolar splittings are of the order of 100 Hz or less. Splitting of <100 Hz indicate that approximately 1 water molecule is bound to the clay for every 1.7 x 10(3) ''free'' water molecules. In clay dominated systems with extremely low water contents (clay/water ratio is-greater-than 1 g-clay/mL-D2O), less motional averaging occurs. Rotational correlation times are slower and greater residual quadrupolar splittings are also observed. Increased residual quadrupolar splittings are observed with increasing clay/water ratios. For a Na-exchanged hectorite sample (5.31 g-clay/mL-D2O, the quadrupolar splittings are of the order of 12 kHz, and for a Na-exchanaged saponite (4.05 g-clay/mL-D2O, the quadrupolar splittings are of the order of 11 kHz. Rotational activation energies (E(a)) of 37.8 kJ mole(-1) (9.0 kcal.mole(-1)) for adsorbed water molecules on Na-exchanged hectorite and 27.2 kJ.mole(-1) (6.5 kcal.mole(-1)) for Na-exchanged saponite were calculated from spin-lattice relaxation (T-1) measurements. These values compare with calculated activation energies of rotation (8.5 kcal.mole(-1)) for water of hydration adsorbed to a Na-exchanged vermiculite. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 2 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00396-7 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TR231 UT WOS:A1996TR23100007 ER PT B AU Tainter, JA AF Tainter, JA BE Costanza, R Segura, O MartinezAlier, J TI Complexity, problem solving, and sustainable societies SO GETTING DOWN TO EARTH: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS SE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS SERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Getting Down to Earth - Practical Applications of Ecological Economics CY OCT 29-31, 1994 CL HERRADURA, COSTA RICA SP Int Soc Ecol Econ, Univ Natl Costa Rica, Earth Council, IICA, Univ Nacl, UNEP, Inst Biodivers, Costa Rica, Banco Nacl Costa Rica, Univ Peace, Merck Family Fund, Govt Netherlands, Canadian Embassy, Danish Embassy, Brit Ambassy, US Embassy, Swiss Embassy Costa Rica, Swedish Int, Dev Authority, Swedish Agcy Res Cooperat, Univ Costa Rica, Univ Estatal Distancia, LACSA Airlines, UNESCO, Fondo Beneficio Social, Fdn Univ Nacl, Inst Costarricense Turismo, Int Union Conservat Nat, Commiss European Community, Fdn Parques Nacl Costa Rica C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 BN 1-55963-503-7 J9 INT S ECOL ECON SER PY 1996 BP 61 EP 76 PG 16 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BG57E UT WOS:A1996BG57E00005 ER PT B AU Shields, DJ Todd, SW Brown, DD AF Shields, DJ Todd, SW Brown, DD GP ACSM TI Determining match probabilities between two mineral location databases using logistic regression SO GIS/LIS '96 - ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS 1996 Annual Conference and Exposition CY NOV 19-21, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Congress Surveying & Mapping, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, AM FM Int, Assoc Amer Geographers, Urban & Reg Informat Syst Assoc, Amer Public Works Assoc AB The purpose of this project was to develop a methodology for merging two nationwide mineral information databases: the Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS) from the U.S.D.I. Geological Survey, and the Mineral Availability System/Mineral Industry Location System (MAS/MILS) from the U.S. Bureau of Mines (now part of the Geological Survey). Merging the data is desirable for purposes of natural resource planning assessment. Neither database alone car? be considered a comprehensive geographical representation of mineral location sites. Both databases contained unique mineral location data as well as duplicate (matched) data between them. Some of the duplicate locations are explicitly cross-referenced (known to be matched), but many are not. Logistic regression was the chosen method to identify probable matches from between the two databases, based on mineral location attributes of known matched (n = 5000) and known unmatched (n = 5000) pairs of randomly sampled sites. The overall agreement beyond chance was good for matched and unmatched sites (k = 0.764). The model was then applied to Colorado databases. Site pairs from between the MAS/MILS and MRDS databases were compared within a 1 km search window, using Arc/Info, and the MAS/MILS site with the highest probability of matching each MRDS site was recorded along with the probability value. Of MRDS sites not previously cross-referenced for Colorado, 733 (27.3%) were matched to a MAS/MILS site. Of the cross-referenced sites 73.5% of 526 records were classified as matching a MAS/MILS site. Classification accuracy will be later assessed on independent datasets of known matched and known unmatched sites. RP Shields, DJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-042-8 PY 1996 BP 421 EP 434 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing SC Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing GA BG94A UT WOS:A1996BG94A00045 ER PT J AU Wadleigh, L Jenkins, MJ AF Wadleigh, L Jenkins, MJ TI Fire frequency and the vegetative mosaic of a spruce-fir forest in northern Utah SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE fire frequency; subalpine spruce-fir forest; fire scar ID NATIONAL-PARK; HISTORY AB Fire scar and vegetative analysis were used to construct a fire history for the Engelmann spruce/sub-alpine fir (Picea engelmannii/Abies lasiocarpa) vegetation type of the Utah State University (USU) T. W. Daniel Experimental Forest. Three distinct periods of fire frequency were established-presettlement (1700-1855), settlement (1856-1900), and suppression (1910-1990). Mean fire interval (MFI) decreased during the settlement period and greatly increased during the suppression era. The difference was attributed to the influx of ignition sources during the settlement of nearby Cache Valley, located 40 km to the west. Logging an livestock grazing appear to have led to the reduced MFI, which in turn worked as a factor to create the vegetative mosaic now observed on the study area. The increase in MFI during the suppression era permitted the advancement of shade-tolerant species in the understory of the shade-intolerant lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). Continued suppression of disturbance from wildfire will allow the lodgepole pine cover type, which experienced the lowest MFI during the settlement period, to be further invaded by shade-tolerant species, decreasing spatial stand diversity and increasing the risk of more intense fires. C1 USDA,US FOREST SERV,OGDEN,UT. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 56 IS 1 BP 28 EP 37 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TW163 UT WOS:A1996TW16300004 ER PT J AU Bouwer, H AF Bouwer, H TI Discussion of Bouwer and Rice slug test review articles SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Letter RP Bouwer, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 34 IS 1 BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA TN468 UT WOS:A1996TN46800022 ER PT S AU Laird, DA AF Laird, DA BE Meyer, MT Thurman, EM TI Interactions between atrazine and smectite surfaces SO HERBICIDE METABOLITES IN SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Herbicide Metabolites in Surface Water and Groundwater at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ADSORPTION; SOILS; MONTMORILLONITE; SORPTION; PHYLLOSILICATES; COMPONENTS; DESORPTION AB Smectites contribute much of the inorganic surface area of soils and therefore have a large potential for influencing the fate of atrazine in soil environments. The sorption capacity of smectites for atrazine varies widely depending on the surface charge density of the smectite, nature of the adsorbed cation, and pH of the equilibrating solution. Under neutral conditions, molecular atrazine is initially sorbed on smectites by a combination of water bridging between electronegative moieties on the atrazine molecule and adsorbed metal cations and hydrophobic bonding between the alkyl-side chains on the atrazine molecule and hydrophobic microsites on the smectite surface. Surface acidity, arising principally from enhanced hydrolysis of solvation water for adsorbed metal cations, catalyzes protonation and hydrolysis of atrazine sorbed on smectite surfaces. The hydrolysis product is protonated hydroxy/keto-atrazine, which may exist in any of 14 different tautomeric forms. Tautomerism and resonance allow protonated hydroxy/keto-atrazine to adapt to heterogeneous microsites on smectite surfaces which results in strong bonding. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3405-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 630 BP 86 EP 100 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF94W UT WOS:A1996BF94W00008 ER PT S AU Koskinen, WC Conn, JS Sorenson, BA AF Koskinen, WC Conn, JS Sorenson, BA BE Meyer, MT Thurman, EM TI Fate of a symmetric and an asymmetric triazine herbicide in silt loam soils SO HERBICIDE METABOLITES IN SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Herbicide Metabolites in Surface Water and Groundwater at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc ID ATRAZINE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; C-14 ATRAZINE; FIELD CONDITIONS; METRIBUZIN; MOVEMENT; PERSISTENCE; METOLACHLOR; MOBILITY; ALACHLOR; TILLAGE AB The formation of C-14-atrazine and C-14-metribuzin degradation products and their distribution in the top 90 cm of silt loam soils under field conditions was determined over a 16-month period. The metribuzin experiment was conducted on Tanana (3.8% organic carbon (OC), pH 6.5, 14% clay) and Beales (6.4% OC, pH 4.7, 8% clay) silt loam soils while the atrazine experiment was conducted on a Port Byron silt loam soil (2.4% OC, pH 5.4 and 23% clay). Metribuzin degraded rapidly in both soils: 12% remaining at 1 MAT; 2% remaining by 16 MAT. The maximum amount of metabolites desamino-, diketo-, or desaminodiketo-metribuzin found was 4%; most of the C-14 remaining was in the form of unextractable bound residues. The majority of the metribuzin residue remained in the surface soil. Some metribuzin residues leached to 45 cm: 0.1 and 0.3 % of the applied C-14 remained in the 6.4 and 3.8% OC soils, respectively. In the atrazine experiment, 68% of the applied C-14 was present 16 months after treatment (MAT). Radioactivity moved to 30-40 cm by 1 MAT. Atrazine accounted for 20% of the C-14 applied 16 MAT, and was the predominant C-14- compound in soil below 10 cm through 16 MAT. Hydroxyatrazine (HA) (13% of the C-14 present 1 MAT) was the major degradation product in the top 10 cm of soil. Predominant degradation products at depths greater than 10 cm were HA and deethylatrazine. Deisopropylatrazine and deethyldeisopropylatrazine were also detected 1 MAT. C1 UNIV ALASKA,USDA ARS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3405-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 630 BP 125 EP 139 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF94W UT WOS:A1996BF94W00011 ER PT S AU Lerch, RN Donald, WW Li, YX Alberts, EE AF Lerch, RN Donald, WW Li, YX Alberts, EE BE Meyer, MT Thurman, EM TI Hydroxylated atrazine degradation products in a small Missouri stream SO HERBICIDE METABOLITES IN SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Herbicide Metabolites in Surface Water and Groundwater at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; C-14 ATRAZINE; ACID SOLUTION; SOIL; WATER; HYDROXYATRAZINE; HERBICIDES; HYDROLYSIS AB This research assessed the occurrence of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products (HADPs) in streamwater from Goodwater Creek watershed in the claypan soil region of northeastern Missouri. Streamwater was sampled weekly from June, 1992 to December, 1994 at a V-notch weir used to measure streamflow for this 7250-ha watershed. Filtered water samples were prepared by cation exchange solid-phase extraction and analyzed for hydroxyatrazine (HA), deethylhydroxyatrazine (DEHA), and deisopropylhydroxyatrazine (DIHA) by highperformance liquid chromatography with UV detection. HADPs were confirmed by electrospray HPLC/MS/MS and direct probe MS methods. Frequency of HADP detection was 100% for HA, 25% for DEHA, and 6% for DIHA. Concentrations ranged from 0.18-5.7 mu g L(-1) for HA, <0.12-1.9 mu g L(-1) for DEHA, and <0.12-0.72 mu g L(-1) for DIHA. These results establish that HADPs can contaminate surface water and that HA contamination of surface water is a significant fate pathway for atrazine in this watershed. C1 ANALYT BIOCHEM LABS INC, COLUMBIA, MO 65202 USA. RP Lerch, RN (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI, USDA ARS, CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT, 269 AGR ENGN BLDG, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3405-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 630 BP 254 EP 270 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF94W UT WOS:A1996BF94W00019 ER PT J AU Terashima, N Atalla, RH Ralph, SA Landucci, LL Lapierre, C Monties, B AF Terashima, N Atalla, RH Ralph, SA Landucci, LL Lapierre, C Monties, B TI New preparations of lignin polymer models under conditions that approximate cell wall lignification .2. Structural characterization of the models by thioacidolysis SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE lignin polymer model; dehydrogenation polymer of monolignol (DHP); coniferin; monolignol glucoside; coniferyl alcohol; thioacidolysis ID SYCAMORE; LACCASE; MONOLIGNOLS; CULTURES; XYLEM; PINE AB The structures of novel lignin polymer models prepared from coniferin or coniferyl alcohol under conditions that approximate cell wall lignification were characterized by thioacidolysis. The linkage-type analysis by thioacidolysis indicates that the structure of these polylignols approximated that of native lignin more closely than did the structure of polylignols prepared by the conventional method from coniferyl alcohol. Among various possible factors affecting the structure of polylignols during polymerization under the present experimental conditions, the important ones appears to be: pH of the medium in which dehydrogenative polymerization of coniferyl alcohol takes place; relative concentrations of monomer and oligomer radicals; and the carbohydrate matrix in which polymerization occurs. C1 INST NATL AGRON PARIS GRIGNON, INRA, CHIM BIOL LAB, F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON, FRANCE. RP US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 25 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 24 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 EI 1437-434X J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1996 VL 50 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.1.9 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA TY723 UT WOS:A1996TY72300003 ER PT J AU Terashima, N Ralph, SA Landucci, LL AF Terashima, N Ralph, SA Landucci, LL TI New facile syntheses of monolignol glucosides; p-glucocoumaryl alcohol, coniferin and syringin SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE p-glucocoumaryl alcohol; coniferin; syringin; monolignol glucosides; lignin; synthesis; lignin precursor ID LIGNIN; TISSUE; PINE RP Terashima, N (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 13 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1996 VL 50 IS 2 BP 151 EP 155 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA UC645 UT WOS:A1996UC64500010 ER PT J AU Ede, RM Ralph, J Torr, KM Dawson, BSW AF Ede, RM Ralph, J Torr, KM Dawson, BSW TI A 2D NMR investigation of the heterogeneity of distribution of diarylpropane structures in extracted Pinus radiata lignins SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE milled wood lignin; Pinus radiata; 2D-NMR, HOHAHA; beta-1 structures ID SHIFT CORRELATION; WOOD LIGNIN; SPECTROSCOPY; HOMONUCLEAR C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NEW ZEALAND FOREST RES INST LTD,ROTORUA,NEW ZEALAND. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Ede, RM (reprint author), UNIV WAIKATO,DEPT CHEM,PRIVATE BAG 3105,HAMILTON,NEW ZEALAND. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1996 VL 50 IS 2 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA UC645 UT WOS:A1996UC64500012 ER PT J AU Jordan, CR Dashek, WV Highley, TL AF Jordan, CR Dashek, WV Highley, TL TI Detection and quantification of oxalic acid from the brown-rot decay fungus, Postia placenta SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE brown-rot; wood-decay; oxaloacetase; oxalic acid; Fenton's reaction; Postia placenta ID TYROMYCES-PALUSTRIS; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION AB The mechanism by which brown-rot fungi initiate depolymerization of holocellulose in wood remains unknown, Recently, oxalic acid has received considerable attention in cellulose breakdown by brown-rot fungi. The oxalic acid could serve as a proton donor for hydrolytic or an electron donor for oxidative (Fenton's reaction-H2O2/Fe2+) cleavages of cellulose. The acid may originate via oxaloacetase action upon oxaloacetate. We report the applications of HPLC and oxalic acid kit colorimetry to quantify oxalic acid from hyphae grown on southern pine wood blocks (WBs) or in liquid culture. Oxaloacetase activity was not observed in either Amicon YM10 (MW cut-off, 10,000) filter-retained intra- or extracellular fractions of liquid cultured hyphae or in homogenates from decayed WBs. In contrast, oxalic acid was detected by HPLC in both P. placenta liquid cultures and decayed WBs. The less sensitive, oxalic acid, spectrophotometric kit (mg vs. mu g) did not detect oxalic acid in liquid cultures. These results constitute additional evidence for an oxalic acid-Fe2+/H2O2-Fenton's mechanism for brown rot-induced cellulose degradation. However, the origin of oxalic acid was not established. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Jordan, CR (reprint author), CLARK ATLANTA UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,JP BRAWLEY FAIR ST,ATLANTA,GA 30314, USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1996 VL 50 IS 4 BP 312 EP 318 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.4.312 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA VB355 UT WOS:A1996VB35500004 ER PT J AU Jordan, CR Dashek, WV Highley, TL AF Jordan, CR Dashek, WV Highley, TL TI Electron microscopic systems imaging of C, P and Fe localizations in the brown-rot fungus, Postia placenta SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE brown-rot decay; electron microscopic systems imaging; Fenton's reagent; iron; Postia placenta ID GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; LIGNIN DISTRIBUTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; WOOD AB Recently, oxalic acid, a possible product of oxaloacetase's action upon oxaloacetate and/or glyoxylic acid oxidase's attack upon glyoxylic acid, has been the focus of considerable research in brown-rot degradation of cellulose in wood. Oxalic acid, a low molecular weight organic acid, could serve as a proton donor for hydrolytic or an electron donor for oxidative (Fenton's mechanism involving Fe2+ and H2O2) cleavages of the structural, microfibrillar beta, 1-4 linked glucan. Here are reported the results of an electron microscopic systems imaging investigation concerned with detecting Fe in Postia placenta hyphae cultured on or in a defined medium either containing or lacking agar, respectively, or grown upon southern pine wood blocks. Ultrastructural analysis of hyphae grown upon blocks demonstrated hyphal sheaths closely appressed to extensively degraded wood cell walls. In addition, hyphae were sometimes observed within wood cell lumens confirming previous investigators' results. Comparative electron microscopic systems imaging at 25 (C), 59 (control-general survey), 110 (P), 222, and 710 (Fe) eVs of 20 nm sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed and quetol-embedded hyphae cultured on either an agar-solidified medium or wood blocks revealed hyphal Fe (710 eV) and Fe within the hyphal sheath. While Fe was not visualized in wood cell walls of uninoculated wood blocks, it was in certain walls of inoculated blocks. The observed Fe localizations, which differed from those of C and P, were qualitative. When available, evolving computer-assisted background image analysis employing element-specific ionization edges or coembedded Fe standards will permit rigorous quantitation. Nevertheless, these results derived from a novel electron microscopical technique constitute limited but additional support for an oxalic acid, Fe2+/H2O2-Fenton's mechanism for brown-rot cellulose degradation in wood. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Jordan, CR (reprint author), CLARK ATLANTA UNIV,DEPT SCI BIOL,JP BRAWLEY FAIR ST,ATLANTA,GA 30314, USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1996 VL 50 IS 4 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.4.319 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA VB355 UT WOS:A1996VB35500005 ER PT J AU Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Lu, FC Ralph, J TI Reactions of lignin model beta-aryl ethers with acetyl bromide SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE acetyl bromide; lignin; lignin model compound; beta-ether; beta-aryl ether; alpha-ether; alpha-aryl ether; benzyl aryl ether; acetylation; bromination ID ACID-CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS; WOOD AB The reactivities of several softwood lignin model compounds with acetyl bromide have been examined in a number of good lignin solvents. Primary (gamma-)alcohols acetylate more rapidly than phenolic hydroxyls, whereas benzylic (alpha-)hydroxyls are converted to bromides via their acetates. Models treated under mild conditions with acetyl bromide cleanly produced acetylated alpha-bromo derivatives. Benzyl aryl ethers are cleaved rapidly and quantitatively to yield aryl acetates and acetylated alpha-bromo products. The rate order for the observed reactions is: primary (gamma-)OH acetylation > benzyl aryl ether cleavage/bromination > benzylic secondary (alpha-)OH acetylation > benzylic acetate to benzylic bromide interconversion much greater than phenolic OH acetylation. These reactions are synthetically useful and have further potential in analytical methodologies. RP Lu, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1996 VL 50 IS 4 BP 360 EP 364 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.4.360 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA VB355 UT WOS:A1996VB35500010 ER PT J AU Ralph, J Grabber, JH AF Ralph, J Grabber, JH TI Dimeric beta-ether thioacidolysis products resulting from incomplete ether cleavage SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE lignin; lignin model compound; beta-ether; beta-aryl ether; thioacidolysis; GC; GC-MS; NMR; milled wood lignin; willow ID LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS AB Four beta-ether dimers which result from incomplete beta-ether cleavage of syringyl-guaiacyl lignins following non-optimized thioacidolysis/desulfurization of plant materials were identified. The compounds were; the guaiacyl-guaiacyl dimer 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-propylphenoxy)propan-1-ol, the guaiacyl-syringyl dimer 2-(2,6-dimethoxy-4-propylphenoxy)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- propan-1-ol, the syringyl-guaiacyl dimer 3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-propylphenoxy)-propan-1-ol, and the syringyl-syringyl dimer 3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxy-4-propylphenoxy)-propan-1-ol. Synthesis of each dimer, by extending dimeric lignin model beta-ether strategies, provided authentication of the structures. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,USDA,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1996 VL 50 IS 5 BP 425 EP 428 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.5.425 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA VH626 UT WOS:A1996VH62600007 ER PT J AU Dao, LT Zavarin, E AF Dao, LT Zavarin, E TI Chemically activated furfuryl alcohol-based wood adhesives .1. The role of furfuryl alcohol SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE furfuryl alcohol; polyfurfuryl alcohol; composite board; wood; oxidative activation ID GRAFT-COPOLYMERIZATION AB Composite boards were prepared using wood powder as a matrix and furfuryl alcohol (FA) or polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) as a binder with hydrogen peroxide/ferrous ion or nitric acid as an activator. PFA gave a board with tensile strength and writer resistance superior to that obtained with FA; the PFA degree of polymerization exerted a positive influence on board properties. Addition of the activator to the binder rather than to the matrix gave better results, suggesting that activation proceeds primarily through binder oxidation., Using the acetone-soluble fraction of pre-oxidized PCI as a binder gave the best results, the boards exhibiting a tensile strength over 50% above the reference phenol/resorcinol/formaldehyde (PRF) board. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,FOREST PROD LAB,RICHMOND,CA 94804. RP Dao, LT (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94701, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1996 VL 50 IS 5 BP 470 EP 476 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.5.470 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA VH626 UT WOS:A1996VH62600014 ER PT J AU Christov, LP Akhtar, M Prior, BA AF Christov, LP Akhtar, M Prior, BA TI Impact of xylanase and fungal pretreatment on alkali solubility and brightness of dissolving pulp SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE sulphite pulp; dissolving pulp; brightness; alkali solubility; xylanases; white-rot fungi; biobleaching; chemical savings ID WHITE-ROT FUNGI; KRAFT PULP; REMOVAL; ENZYMES; IZU-154; CHIPS C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, CTR BIOTECHNOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, USDA, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RP Christov, LP (reprint author), UNIV ORANGE FREE STATE, DEPT MICROBIOL & BIOCHEM, POB 339, ZA-9300 BLOEMFONTEIN, SOUTH AFRICA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1996 VL 50 IS 6 BP 579 EP 582 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA VY824 UT WOS:A1996VY82400016 ER PT J AU Tisza, S MolnarPerl, I Friedman, M Sass, P AF Tisza, S MolnarPerl, I Friedman, M Sass, P TI Simultaneous capillary GC of acids and sugars as their silyl(oxime) derivatives: Quantitation of chlorogenic acid, raffinose, and pectin substances SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE optimization of GC conditions; sugar analysis; acid analysis; chlorogenic acid; raffinose; pectin decomposition products; galacturonic acid; arabinose ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; ORGANIC-ACIDS; APPLES AB Our GC-MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of sugars and acids as their silyl(oxime) derivatives, from one solution by one injection, has been extended to the reproducible determination of high molecular weight compounds sensitive to decomposition yet requiring a high evaporation temperature (e.g. chlorogenic acid and raffinose) and for the quantitation of the decomposition products of pectin (i.e., for the determination of galacturonic acid at low ng levels in the presence of a 10-100 fold excess of glucose eluting just before the acid). The optimized GC procedure has been used for quantitation of the sugar and acid (including chlorogenic acid) composition of potato samples, and for the determination of the increasing amount of the decomposition products of pectin substances in apple pulp after different storage times. C1 EOTVOS LORAND UNIV, INST INORGAN & ANALYT CHEM, H-1518 BUDAPEST 112, HUNGARY. USDA ARS, DEPT AGR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. UNIV HORT & FOOD IND, H-6000 KECSKEMET, HUNGARY. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TV684 UT WOS:A1996TV68400009 ER PT B AU Schmugge, T AF Schmugge, T GP IEEE TI Applications of passive microwave observations of surface soil moisture SO IGARSS '96 - 1996 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM: REMOTE SENSING FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE, VOLS I - IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 96) - Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future CY MAY 21-31, 1996 CL LINCOLN, NE SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, US Natl Comm Union Radiosci Int, Canon Modern Methods Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Commun & Informat Sci, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Electro Opt, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Laser Anal Studies Trace Gas Dynam, Centurion Int Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Coll Engn & Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Elect Engn, ERDAS Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, High Plains Climate Ctr, Li Cor Inc, US Geol Survey EROS Data Ctr C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3069-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1996 BP 1051 EP 1053 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF96U UT WOS:A1996BF96U00335 ER PT B AU Jackson, TJ Li, TL Wood, EF Hsu, A AF Jackson, TJ Li, TL Wood, EF Hsu, A GP IEEE TI SIR-C/X-SAR as a bridge to soil moisture estimation using current and future operational satellite radars SO IGARSS '96 - 1996 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM: REMOTE SENSING FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE, VOLS I - IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 96) - Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future CY MAY 21-31, 1996 CL LINCOLN, NE SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, US Natl Comm Union Radiosci Int, Canon Modern Methods Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Commun & Informat Sci, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Electro Opt, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Laser Anal Studies Trace Gas Dynam, Centurion Int Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Coll Engn & Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Elect Engn, ERDAS Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, High Plains Climate Ctr, Li Cor Inc, US Geol Survey EROS Data Ctr C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Wood, Eric/0000-0001-7037-9675 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3069-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1996 BP 1064 EP 1066 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF96U UT WOS:A1996BF96U00339 ER PT B AU Qi, J Moran, MS AF Qi, J Moran, MS GP IEEE TI An integrated approach to estimating LAI using multitemporal and multidirectional remote sensing measurements SO IGARSS '96 - 1996 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM: REMOTE SENSING FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE, VOLS I - IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 96) - Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future CY MAY 21-31, 1996 CL LINCOLN, NE SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, US Natl Comm Union Radiosci Int, Canon Modern Methods Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Commun & Informat Sci, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Electro Opt, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Laser Anal Studies Trace Gas Dynam, Centurion Int Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Coll Engn & Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Elect Engn, ERDAS Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, High Plains Climate Ctr, Li Cor Inc, US Geol Survey EROS Data Ctr C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3069-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1996 BP 1420 EP 1422 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF96U UT WOS:A1996BF96U00452 ER PT B AU Walthall, CL Williams, DL Markham, BL Kalshoven, JE Nelson, RF AF Walthall, CL Williams, DL Markham, BL Kalshoven, JE Nelson, RF GP IEEE TI Development and present configuration of the NASA GSFC/WFF helicopter-based remote sensing system SO IGARSS '96 - 1996 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM: REMOTE SENSING FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE, VOLS I - IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 96) - Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future CY MAY 21-31, 1996 CL LINCOLN, NE SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, US Natl Comm Union Radiosci Int, Canon Modern Methods Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Commun & Informat Sci, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Electro Opt, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Laser Anal Studies Trace Gas Dynam, Centurion Int Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Coll Engn & Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Elect Engn, ERDAS Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, High Plains Climate Ctr, Li Cor Inc, US Geol Survey EROS Data Ctr C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3069-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1996 BP 1797 EP 1799 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF96U UT WOS:A1996BF96U00573 ER PT B AU Schmugge, TJ Schmidt, GM AF Schmugge, TJ Schmidt, GM GP IEEE TI TIR observations in FIFE from field, aircraft and satellite platforms SO IGARSS '96 - 1996 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM: REMOTE SENSING FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE, VOLS I - IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 96) - Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future CY MAY 21-31, 1996 CL LINCOLN, NE SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, US Natl Comm Union Radiosci Int, Canon Modern Methods Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Commun & Informat Sci, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Electro Opt, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Laser Anal Studies Trace Gas Dynam, Centurion Int Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Coll Engn & Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Elect Engn, ERDAS Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, High Plains Climate Ctr, Li Cor Inc, US Geol Survey EROS Data Ctr C1 USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3069-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1996 BP 2101 EP 2103 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BF96U UT WOS:A1996BF96U00670 ER PT S AU Stanker, LH Beier, RC AF Stanker, LH Beier, RC BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Introduction to immunoassays for residue analysis - Concepts, formats, and applications SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem AB Modern agriculture has benefited from the development and use of agrochemicals including insecticides, herbicides, and veterinary drugs. In addition to these exogenous chemicals, many undesirable compounds (e.g., plant toxicants and mycotoxins) are known to occur naturally. Thus, there exists a need for monitoring residue levels in foods, other agricultural commodities and environmental samples. Immunoassay (IA) represents an additional chemistry that is rapidly becoming available to the analysts for residue analysis. An ever increasing number of manuscripts that describe individual immunoassays for detection of different residues in specific matrixes have appeared. In addition many excellent reviews recently have been published. It is not the aim of this chapter to duplicate these reviews or tabulate all known immunoassays. Such a task is beyond the scope of this chapter or even a single volume. Instead, we seek to present some of the salient features of IA and to provide the reader a general introduction to the principles, formats, and applications of IA to residue analysis, particularly to analysis of foods. When ever possible, examples to illustrate immunoassay principles are taken from chapters in this book. RP Stanker, LH (reprint author), ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,USDA,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 621 BP 2 EP 16 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00001 ER PT S AU Ellis, RL AF Ellis, RL BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Rapid test methods for regulatory programs SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem AB A major component of food safety programs is to assure compliance with regulatory limits for pesticides, environmental contaminants and veterinary drugs. While the Food and Drug Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency have primary responsibility for establishing regulatory limits for these substances, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has the daily responsibility for determining compliance with these residue limits in meat and poultry products. This food safety responsibility is accomplished through USDA's National Residue Program, complimented on occasions with special residue studies. Meeting the objectives of a statistically designed residue control program that traditionally examines 10 or more classes of xenobiotics and more than 75 individual compounds requires a wide variety of analytical and microbiological methods and screening tests in inspection facilities and laboratories using animal tissue, biological fluids or other matrices as a test media. Environmental, economic, regulatory and evolving public health considerations will require new strategies with more focus on screening methods to complement traditional quantitative and confirmatory laboratory methods. RP Ellis, RL (reprint author), US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,SCI & TECHNOL PROGRAM,USDA,200 12TH ST SW,COTTON ANNEX,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 621 BP 44 EP 58 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00004 ER PT S AU Rose, BG Buckley, SA KampsHoltzapple, C Beier, RC Stanker, LH AF Rose, BG Buckley, SA KampsHoltzapple, C Beier, RC Stanker, LH BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Molecular modeling studies of ceftiofur - A tool for hapten design and monoclonal antibody production SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID S-TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; SODIUM; MILK; IMMUNOASSAY; CATTLE; SERUM; DESFUROYLCEFTIOFUR; PHARMACOKINETICS; CEPHALOSPORIN; SENSITIVITY AB Competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ciELISA's) are described for the detection of ceftiofur using different strategies for hapten design, use of immunogens, and plate-coating antigens. Molecular modeling data are presented to demonstrate investigation of hapten design. Mice were immunized using an extended immunization protocol to develop the required immune response. Serum antibody levels were evaluated for each conjugation method using both homologous and heterologous conjugates as plate-coating antigens. A heterologous assay system proved to be more sensitive than a homologous system. Thus a heterologous assay system was employed for the production of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of ceftiofur. On the basis of preliminary experiments, desfuroylceftiofur proved to be the most advantageous hapten. Desfuroylceftiofur was prepared in situ and linked to maleimide-activated carrier proteins, i.e., BSA and KLH. Three antibodies were isolated from mice immunized with the KLH conjugate. The limit of detection by the antibodies Cef-36, Cef-68, and Cef-116 for ceftiofur was in the range of 0.33-32.33 ppb. Results from antibody characterization demonstrate that certain structural features are necessary for antibody binding. Cross-reactivity studies with structurally related cephalosporins, as well as penicillins were performed using the monoclonal antibodies Cef-68 and Cef-116. RP Rose, BG (reprint author), ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,USDA,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 621 BP 82 EP 98 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00007 ER PT S AU Shimer, GD Stanker, LH Elissalde, MH Bird, CB Dixon, DE Richards, MC Ledden, DJ Miller, BM AF Shimer, GD Stanker, LH Elissalde, MH Bird, CB Dixon, DE Richards, MC Ledden, DJ Miller, BM BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Immunochemical detection of the anticoccidial salinomycin in poultry feed SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem AB Salinomycin is a coccidiostat approved for use in poultry feed at the manufacturers recommended dose of 60 ppm (ca. 55 g/ton). Neogen Corporation has developed a rapid (10-min) quantitative ELISA which allows on-site monitoring of salinomycin medicated feed. Using a monoclonal antibody, the assay employs a five-level standard curve covering a range of 0-100 ppm. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy at the 60 ppm level was determined to be 60.9 +/- 1.47, CV = 2.8% and 60.9 +/- 0.64, CV = 2.0% (n = 10), respectively. The analytical sensitivity of the assay is approximately 2.8 ppm. The salinomycin ELISA correlated well with the manufacturer's (Pfizer Inc., New York, NY) HPLC reference method as evidenced by the following: slope = 0.975, r = 0.952, and y-int = 6.04 ppm. The ELISA employs a simplified extraction method of 5 min manual shaking instead of the 1 h method used for the HPLC. This permits conducting a test easily applicable in the laboratory or onsite. The assay also can be used in a semi-quantitative format using 50 and 75 ppm controls as low and high concentrations to screen samples if quantitative results are not required. The kit is stable for six months when stored at 4 degrees C. C1 ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,USDA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. BECTON DICKINSON MICROBIOL SYST,COCKEYSVILLE,MD 21030. PFIZER CANADA,LONDON,ON N6A 4C6,CANADA. RP Shimer, GD (reprint author), NEOGEN CORP,620 LESHER PL,LANSING,MI 48912, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 621 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00008 ER PT S AU Muldoon, MT Elissalde, MH Beier, RC Stanker, LH AF Muldoon, MT Elissalde, MH Beier, RC Stanker, LH BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Detection and quantification of salinomycin in chicken liver tissue - Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography methods SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID LAYER BIOAUTOGRAPHIC ASSAY; POST-COLUMN DERIVATIZATION; MONENSIN; NARASIN; FEEDS; SODIUM AB Salinomycin is one of the most widely used coccidiostats in the U.S. poultry industry. A rapid and accurate analytical method for this drug would be valuable to producers and users as an effective management tool. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) coupled to a simple aqueous extraction procedure for the analysis of salinomycin in chicken liver, since it is the target tissue in this species. Recoveries from spiked chicken liver homogenates were quantitative in the range from 5.0 to 0.05 ppm. The ELISA was used to monitor fractions from reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in order to characterize non-specific matrix effects on the assay. Results from the analysis of incurred salinomycin residues in chicken livers obtained by both the ELISA method and a HPLC method were highly correlated (p < 0.0001). The ELISA method could detect 20 ng of drug in a 100 mu L Sample and has a limit of quantification of 50 ppb in chicken liver tissue. The limit of quantification was lower with the ELISA method than with the HPLC method. RP Muldoon, MT (reprint author), ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,USDA,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 621 BP 109 EP 121 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00009 ER PT S AU Stanker, LH KampsHoltzapple, C Beier, RC Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Stanker, LH KampsHoltzapple, C Beier, RC Levin, CE Friedman, M BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Detection and quantification of glycoalkaloids - Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography methods SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; ALPHA-CHACONINE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLANUM ALKALOIDS; TOXICITY; TERATOGENICITY; XENOPUS; TUBERS AB Glycoalkaloids (GA's) represent an important group of naturally occurring plant toxins. They are found in a wide variety of plants including potato and tomato. Analysis of GA's is complicated, particularly in tomato because these compounds do not readily absorb in the UV. Thus, extensive sample cleanup is usually required followed by HPLC. In this chapter we summarize our efforts to develop simple, rapid immunoassays for the major GA's found in potato and in tomato. The assay we developed is a monoclonal antibody (Mab) based competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Hapten synthesis and antibody production is discussed. GA levels measured in identical samples using an HPLC method and the cELISA showed a high degree of correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.998). The cELISA clearly has widespread application and is able to rapidly and accurately measure GA levels. C1 ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, USDA, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. RP ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, USDA, 2881 F&B RD, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 621 BP 243 EP 255 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00018 ER PT S AU Kitto, GB Thomas, PW Lemburg, J Brader, B Burkholder, W AF Kitto, GB Thomas, PW Lemburg, J Brader, B Burkholder, W BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Immunoassays for detecting insect contamination of food products SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID WHEAT; SYSTEM AB Federal standards for regulating the amount of insect contamination in a wide variety of foodstuffs make it imperative that accurate and reliable analytical techniques be available for measuring such contamination. Present analytical methods such as the insect fragment count are time consuming, costly and show wide variability. New analytical techniques for insect detection, based on immunological ELISA assays, have been developed which offer simplicity of use, low cost and excellent accuracy and reliability. One class of ELISA assay, based on the insect muscle protein myosin, is designed to detect a broad range of insect pests in a wide range of stored grains, milled grain products, spices, nuts and dried fruits. This assay is available in several formats, ranging from highly quantitative microwell plate assays for laboratory analysis to simple qualitative dipstick assays for on-site screening. Other insect immunoassays have been developed which are species specific for both beneficial and deleterious insects and also for detecting Tephritid fruitflies, such as the medfly, in import and export fruits. Work is in progress on additional immunoassays for the detection of insect material in cooked processed foods and for rodent contamination of foodstuffs. C1 BIOTECT INC,AUSTIN,TX 78750. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA,STORED PROD INSECTS LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Kitto, GB (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 621 BP 281 EP 291 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00021 ER PT S AU Maragos, CM Miklasz, SD AF Maragos, CM Miklasz, SD BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent, assays for the hydrolysis product of fumonisin B-1 (HFB1) SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; CORN; CHROMATOGRAPHY; TOXICITY; TOXIN; RATS AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) a mycotoxin produced by certain Fusarium molds, consists of two tricarballylic acid groups esterified to a 20 carbon aminopentol backbone (HFB1). The occurrence of HFB1 in corn based foods is suspected, primarily because of the ubiquitous nature of FB1 in corn. A competitive direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA) was developed for the rapid analysis of HFB1. The CD-ELISA was based upon a monoclonal antibody, prepared against HFB1, that cross reacts with the hydrolysis products of the fumonisins B-2, B-3, and B-4. The antibody did not react with the intact fumonisins, sphingosine, sphinganine, or tricarballylic acid. When applied to extracts of ground corn, the performance of the CD-ELISA was affected by the level of solvent and by matrix components. By accommodating these factors through sample cleanup and dilution, the CD-ELISA provides a sensitive. screening method for HFB1 in foods. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,IMMUNOL RESOURCE CTR,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,USDA,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 621 BP 349 EP 357 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00027 ER PT S AU Beier, RC Elissalde, MH Stanker, LH AF Beier, RC Elissalde, MH Stanker, LH BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Molecular modeling studies of the fumonisin mycotoxin SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; PYOCHELIN; TOXICITY; CANCER; SPHINGOSINE; SPHINGANINE AB The fumonisins are mycotoxins that are produced by the corn pathogen, Fusarium moniliforme, and have been shown to cause a wide range of toxic effects in numerous animals. They have been shown to have cancer-promoting activity in animals, and have been linked to human esophageal cancer. To date, the only biochemical findings show that the fumonisins are inhibitors of the sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferase system. No other biochemical effect of the fumonisins has been established. This paper discusses the molecular models of the lowest energy conformations obtained for fumonisin B-1, B-2, B-3, and B-4 (FB1-4) and the FB1 backbone. The structure with the lowest energy conformation of FB1 in relation to iron ligand formation is investigated. The lowest energy conformation of FB1 based on the stereostructure of FB1 (SS-FB1) also is presented. These modeled structures provide insight into why antibodies produced to FB1 have lower affinities for FB1 than expected. They also produce insight into other potential activities that may be associated with these molecules. RP Beier, RC (reprint author), ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,USDA,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 621 BP 368 EP 385 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00029 ER PT S AU King, JW Nam, KS AF King, JW Nam, KS BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Coupling enzyme immunoassay with supercritical fluid extraction SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID PESTICIDES; PRODUCTS; MEAT AB The coupling of enzyme immunoassay with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an attractive technique for analysts faced with decreasing the use of hazardous solvents, due to their adverse impact on the environment. This chapter will describe the development of supercritical fluid extraction techniques which can be combined with enzyme immunoassays for the detection of pesticide residues and similar toxicants in food and environmental samples. The use of static versus dynamic SFE will be contrasted with respect to speed of analysis, equipment requirements, and quantitative vs. qualitative analysis. Detection of the presence of pesticides in meat matrices was accomplished using different commercial test kits. Removal of various interferences from the sample extract prior to EIA is necessary to achieve quantitative results, due to the presence of lipid coextractives in the extract. The above techniques have been successfully employed to determine pesticide residue content in meat products and other matrices below their specified tolerance limit set by regulatory agencies. RP King, JW (reprint author), ARS,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 621 BP 422 EP 438 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00034 ER PT S AU KampsHoltzapple, C Stanker, LH AF KampsHoltzapple, C Stanker, LH BE Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Development of recombinant single-chain variable portion recognizing potato glycoalkaloids SO IMMUNOASSAYS FOR RESIDUE ANALYSIS: FOOD SAFETY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Immunoassays for Residue Analysis - Food Safety, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID AFFINITY MATURATION; PHAGE ANTIBODIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING FRAGMENT; FUSION PROTEIN; FV-FRAGMENTS; DOMAINS; CELLS; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOTOXIN AB The variable portion (Fv) of a monoclonal antibody (Mab), consisting of the variable heavy and light chains (VR and VL) may be synthetically linked to form a single-chain Fv (scFv). Recombinant scFvs recognizing potato glycoalkaloids were developed from hybridoma cell lines expressing Mabs against solanidine. Following mRNA extraction and first-strand cDNA synthesis, both the VH and VL gene sequences were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. The VH and VL DNA fragments were then joined with a neutral DNA linker and cloned into phagemid pCANTAB 5E (Pharmacia). Phage displaying the recombinant antibody as a fusion protein with phage tip protein g3p were isolated. Soluble antibodies were then obtained from two strains of E. coli infected with antigen-positive phage by incubation of the bacteria in the presence of isopropyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG). RP ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, USDA, 2881 F&B RD, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3379-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 621 BP 485 EP 499 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BF24E UT WOS:A1996BF24E00039 ER PT J AU Pharr, GT Gwynn, AV Bacon, LD AF Pharr, GT Gwynn, AV Bacon, LD TI Histocompatibility antigen(s) linked to Rfp-Y (Mhc-like) genes in the chicken SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article ID B-L-BETA; CLASS-I; NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER; H-2 COMPLEX; POLYMORPHISM; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES; LINKAGE; REGIONS; SYSTEM AB Major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) genes influencing transplantation rejections were first described in mice within the H2 complex and secondly in chickens within the B complex. In chickens, Rfp-Y haplotypes have recently been identified which contain class I and class II Mhc-like genes that assort independently of the B complex, Three Rfp-Y haplotypes have been defined in a closed breeding flock of line N chickens. In this study, progeny were obtained from line N Rfp-Y heterozygous matings to establish the role of Rfp-Y in transplantation immunity, Rfp-Y incompatibility did not induce significant one-way mixed lymphocyte responses. However, Rfp-Y-incompatible skin grafts were rejected more frequently and at a faster rate than Rfp-Y-compatible grafts by two-week-old chicks. The control Mhc B-incompatible grafts were rejected faster than the Rfp-Y-incompatible grafts; the latter were rejected at speeds that resemble rejection of minor histocompatibility antigens. We conclude that Rfp-Y class I and II Mhc-like genes are linked to the expression of minor histocompatibility antigens in chickens. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 46 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s002510050166 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA VW499 UT WOS:A1996VW49900008 PM 8881037 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Young, EE Bacon, LD AF Fulton, JE Young, EE Bacon, LD TI Chicken Mhc alloantiserum cross-reactivity analysis by hemagglutination and flow cytometry SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; B-F; HAPLOTYPES; ANTIGEN; GENES; CELLS; BETA AB The major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) haplotype in the chicken is generally determined by the use of alloantisera in a hemagglutination assay. This method restricts haplotype determination to antigens expressed on the surface of erythrocytes which includes class I (B-F) and class IV (B-G) antigens as well as any other polymorphic molecules on these cells. Alloantisera can result in complex cross-reactivity patterns. We describe here the analysis of 53 alloantisera made within Mhc-congenic lines. Each antiserum was tested by hemagglutination with erythrocytes and by flow cytometry with erythrocytes and peripheral white blood cells of seven Mhc haplotypes; B-2, B-5, B-12, B-13, B-15, B-19, and B-21. Five types of antiserum were identified based on their reactivity to different cell subpopulations of the peripheral blood of the donor haplotype as well as in cross-reactivity for different haplotypes. RBC specific cross-reactive antigens attributed to B-G molecules were demonstrated for the B5:B19, B12:B19, and B19:B21 cross-reactions. Cross-reactive antigens detected on RBC and thrombocytes attributable to B-G molecules on both types of cells were demonstrated for the B2:B12, B2:B15, B2:B19, and B2:B21 cross-reactions. In addition, cross-reactive antigens occurring on RBC and WBC were attributed to B-F (or RBC and lymphocyte-expressed B-G loci) and included the B12:B13, B13:B19, and B15:B19 cross-reactions. Several antisera with specificity for B cells purportedly identifying B-L epitopes were found but their numbers were limited and cross-reactivities were not defined. The identities described here may be useful in understanding B haplotype similarities and differences in disease resistance and immune response. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PY 1996 VL 43 IS 5 BP 277 EP 288 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA TZ340 UT WOS:A1996TZ34000004 PM 9110931 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BT Samuel, JE Moon, HW OBrien, AD Gordon, VM Whipp, SC AF Bosworth, BT Samuel, JE Moon, HW OBrien, AD Gordon, VM Whipp, SC TI Vaccination with genetically modified Shiga-like toxin IIe prevents edema disease in swine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; TRANSFER RNA-BINDING; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; CALF DIARRHEA; CYTO-TOXIN; SLT-IIV; PIGS; STRAINS; RIBOSOMES AB Escherichia coli strains producing Shiga-like toxin II variant (SLT-IIe, formerly called SLT-IIv) cause edema disease in weaned pigs, Vaccination of pigs with a genetically modified form of Shiga like toxin IIe, SLT-IIe(E167Q), has been previously shown to he nontoxic and to induce antibodies to SLT-IIe (V. M. Gordon, S. C. Whipp, H. W. Moon, A. D. O'Brien, and J. E. Samuel, Infect. Immun. 60:485-502, 1992), Fifty micrograms of SLT-IIe(E167Q) toxin was used to vaccinate suckling pigs at 1 and 2 weeks of age, Both vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs were orally inoculated with an SLT-IIe-producing strain of E. coli after weaning (3 to 4 weeks of age). Pigs fed a low-protein diet that were not vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) developed subclinical edema disease, histologically evident as vascular necrosis, Pigs fed a high-protein diet that were not vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) developed clinical edema disease manifested as vascular necrosis, reduced weight gain, ataxia, palpebral edema, lateral recumbency, and death, Pigs vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) had a reduction in the incidence of subclinical edema disease and never developed clinical edema disease. These data demonstrate that vaccination with a genetically modified form of SLT-IIe prevents edema disease and are consistent with the notion that diet influences susceptibility to edema disease. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NIDR,MICROBIAL ECOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Bosworth, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 38 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 64 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TM718 UT WOS:A1996TM71800009 PM 8557374 ER PT B AU Schmugge, T AF Schmugge, T BE Scholl, MS Andresen, BF TI Aster observations for the monitoring of land surface fluxes SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NARSIA, ASPRS DE thermal infrared; ASTER; remote sensing; land surface energy balance; sensible heat flux C1 USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2205-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2817 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.255178 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG61Q UT WOS:A1996BG61Q00015 ER PT J AU Ahmad, SA Hopkins, TL Kramer, KJ AF Ahmad, SA Hopkins, TL Kramer, KJ TI Tyrosine beta-glucosyltransferase in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L): Properties, tissue localization, and developmental profile SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conjugation; beta-glucoside; fat body; tobacco hornworm; Manduca sexta; tyrosine UDP-glucosyltransferase; sclerotization ID ADULT DEVELOPMENT; GLUCOSIDE; LARVAL; CUTICLE; PUPAL AB Tyrosine beta-glucosyltransferase activity in larval tissues of Manduca sexta was determined by reversed-phase HPLC to quantify the product tyrosine glucoside [beta-D-glucopyranosyl-O-L-tyrosine, (TG)] formed in incubation mixtures. Synthesis of TG occurred only in fat body preparations, with most of the enzyme activity (95%) in the 15,000 g pellet of homogenates. Other tissues were devoid of activity but did support glucosylation of phenolic substrates other than tyrosine. Activity was greatest with uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) as the glucose donor. However, thymidine 5'-diphosphoglucose (dTDPG) afforded approximately one fourth the amount of tyrosine glucosylation provided by UDPG. Magnesium ions at concentrations up to 15 mM stimulated activity, whereas Ca2+ and Mn2+ were only slightly stimulatory at 5 mM but progressively inhibited TG synthesis at higher concentrations as did Co2+. Maximal rates of glucosylation occurred in the pH range 7.5-9.0. The enzyme was highly specific for tyrosine, because no glucosylation occurred for a number of tyrosine derivatives. Several natural and synthetic mono- and diphenols were found to be weak to moderate inhibitors of the enzyme. In a study of tyrosine beta-glucosyltransferase activity during development, no TG synthesis occurred in enzyme preparations from first, second, third, or fourth larval instars, although glucosylation of p-nitrophenol and 4-hydroxycoumarin did occur. Activity was not detected in the fat body of newly ecdysed fifth instars, but low levels were observed 36 h later. The rate of tyrosine glucosylation continued to increase to a peak at 4 days, but then decreased to very low levels after cessation of larval feeding. Low activity was also observed in the pharate adult fat body about 1 day before eclosion. Therefore, tyrosine beta-glucosyltransferase activity occurs primarily in the fat body of fifth stadium larvae for synthesis of the pupal cuticle tanning precursor tyrosine glucoside. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(95)00060-7 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA TV472 UT WOS:A1996TV47200008 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA AF Clausen, CA TI Bacterial associations with decaying wood: A review SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR RESIDUE; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; COOLING-TOWER; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; SOIL; FLAVOBACTERIUM; CREOSOTE AB Wood-inhabiting bacteria are associated with wood decay and may have an indirect influence on the decay process. Bacteria are able to affect wood permeability, attack wood structure, or work synergistically with other bacteria and soft-rot fungi to predispose wood to fungal attack. Bacteria that can inhabit chemically treated wood are recognized. The natural ability of certain bacterial genera to decompose creosote, mineralize pentachlorophenol, and tolerate chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA-)-treated wood is discussed with respect to their role in the biodegradation of chemically preserved waste-wood products. Published by Elsevier Science Limited. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 76 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 12 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0964-8305(95)00109-3 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VJ074 UT WOS:A1996VJ07400013 ER PT B AU Power, JF AF Power, JF BE Nath, B Lang, I Meszaros, E Robinson, JP Hens, L TI Requirements for a sustainable agriculture for the next generation SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, THE PROCEEDINGS: VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Environmental Pollution (ICEP-3) CY APR 15-19, 1996 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP European Ctr Pollut Res, London, Hungarian Acad Sci, Budapest, Hungarian Minist Environm & Reg Policy, Budapest, UN Environm Programme, Nairobi, UNESCO, Paris, Green Cross Hungary, Budapest, Hungarian Oil & Gas Co Ltd, Budapest, Natl Comm Tech Dev, Budapest, Okocentrum Ltd, Budapest, Tisza Chem Works Ltd, Tiszaujvaros DE world population; production research needs; environmental quality; agricultural research; crop yields; agriculture and environment AB Within the next 50 years world population will double, essentially doubling food requirements. Because there is little new agricultural land to develop, this will require that crop yield also essentially double during this period. Doubling crop yields will greatly increase the need for inputs into agricultural production systems, thereby vastly increasing opportunity for pollution of the environment and degradation of natural resources. Thus, if we are to have a sustainable agriculture and world, we as a society need to make a much greater commitment to supporting research relating production agriculture to environmental quality. However, in recent years we have retrenched on our commitment to agricultural research. Through education of the public on the relationships between agriculture and environmental (soil, water, and air) quality, we can hopefully reverse this recent trend of reduced research support and achieve our goal of creating a sustainable society for the future. RP Power, JF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN CENTRE POLLUTION RESEARCH PI LONDON PA QUEEN MARY & WESTFIELD COLLEGE UNIVERSITY LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND E1 4NS BN 0-9521673-3-6 PY 1996 BP 92 EP 98 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BH90B UT WOS:A1996BH90B00013 ER PT J AU Satchithanandam, S Chanderbhan, R Kharroubi, AT Calvert, RJ Klurfeld, D Tepper, SA Kritchevsky, D AF Satchithanandam, S Chanderbhan, R Kharroubi, AT Calvert, RJ Klurfeld, D Tepper, SA Kritchevsky, D TI Effect of sesame oil on serum and liver lipid profiles in the rat SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Mid-Atlantic Lipid Research Symposium CY 1993 CL ATLANTIC CITY, NJ ID VITAMIN-E ACTIVITY; LYMPHATIC ABSORPTION; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; COCONUT OIL; CHOLESTEROL; ACIDS AB In our previous study (Satchithanandam, S., Reicks, M., Calvert, R.J., Cassidy, M.M. and Kritchevsky, D. (1993) J. Nutr. 123, 1852-1858), we found that the absorption of lymphatic cholesterol by rats fed diets containing 24% sesame oil was about 50% less than that by rats fed the control diet containing no sesame oil. The effect of sesame oil on serum cholesterol levels was not determined at that time. In the present study, three groups of male Wistar rats (75-100 g) were fed a control diet or a diet containing 12 or 24% sesame oil. To increase serum cholesterol levels, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid were added to each diet. After rats were fed for 4 weeks, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured in the serum. Liver weight and cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined. Liver cholesterol levels were significantly lower in rats fed the 24% sesame oil diet, and the liver lipid level was significantly higher in the 24% sesame oil-fed group, compared with levels in the group fed the control diet. Liver weights and esterified cholesterol and liver triglyceride levels were not significantly different among the groups. Levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in rats fed the 24% sesame oil diet, compared with levels in the control group. Serum triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels did not differ significantly among the groups. The mechanism by which a diet containing 24% sesame oil reduces levels of serum and liver cholesterol, liver LDL cholesterol, and liver lipids is not known. However, the high degree of unsaturation (85%) of sesame oil and the presence of linoleic acid may be important factors. C1 US FDA,CLIN RES & REV STAFF,LAUREL,MD 20708. USDA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT NUTR & FOOD SCI,DETROIT,MI 48202. WISTAR INST ANAT & BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Satchithanandam, S (reprint author), US FDA,DIV SCI & APPL TECHNOL,MOD-1,8301 MUIRKIRK RD,HFS-465,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PY 1996 VL 66 IS 4 BP 386 EP 392 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VY639 UT WOS:A1996VY63900012 PM 8979168 ER PT J AU Uri, ND AF Uri, ND TI Assessing the relationship between alternative production practices and energy and other input use in US agriculture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; Cragg model; energy input; fertilizer use; Heckmann model; pesticide use ID TILLAGE AB An important issue with regard to the overall effectiveness of conservation tillage practices in reducing the impact of agricultural production on the environment concerns what happens to energy, pesticide and fertilizer use as these practices are more extensively adopted. To gain some insight into this, the conservation tillage adoption decision is modelled. Starting with the assumption that the conservation tillage adoption decision is a two-step procedure - the first is the decision whether or not to adopt a conservation tillage production system and the second is the decision on the extent to which conservation tillage should be used - appropriate models of the Cragg and Heckman (dominance) type are estimated. Based on farm-level data on corn production in the United States for 1987, the profile of a farm on which conservation tillage was adopted is that the cropland had above average slope and experienced above average rainfall, the farm was a cash grain enterprise, and it had an above average expenditure on pesticides and a below average expenditure on energy and a below average expenditure on custom pesticide applications. Additionally; for a farm adopting a no tillage production practice, an above average expenditure was made on fertilizer. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,NRED,PMTB,RM 428,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 1996 VL 6 IS 2-3 BP 253 EP 276 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UR960 UT WOS:A1996UR96000014 ER PT J AU Koskinen, WC Rochette, EA AF Koskinen, WC Rochette, EA TI Atrazine sorption-desorption in field-moist soils SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides CY SEP 06-08, 1995 CL PARIS, FRANCE DE SFE; water content; water potential ID ADSORPTION AB Methods commonly used to obtain sorption coefficients require that the soils be above field capacity moisture so that the aqueous phase containing the pesticide to be quantified can be separated from the soil. We have developed a system using supercritical CO, that can remove the pesticide from soil solution of unsaturated soil without first requiring the separation of the solution from soil. Sorption coefficients increased with soil organic carbon and clay contents for three field-moist soils. Also, sorption significantly increased in a sand as moisture content increased from 4.0 to 16% and in a silt loam as moisture increased from 9.6 to 27%. Isosteric heats of sorption were easily determined with the supercritical fluid system and ranged from -10 to -12 kcal mol(-1) and were correlated to organic carbon and clay contents of the soils. Sorption coefficients in field-moist soils were much greater than are typically obtained with the batch slurry system, while heats of sorption were much more negative, indicating greater sorption at low moisture contents. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,RM 439,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 1996 VL 65 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1080/03067319608045557 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WD253 UT WOS:A1996WD25300020 ER PT J AU Curtis, GDW Lee, WH AF Curtis, GDW Lee, WH TI Culture media, and methods for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes (vol 26, pg 1, 1995) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 USDA,FSIS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Curtis, GDW (reprint author), JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,DEPT BACTERIOL,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 28 IS 3 BP 433 EP 433 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(96)90040-9 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA TV477 UT WOS:A1996TV47700010 ER PT J AU Chen, GL Perchellet, EM Gao, XM Johnson, FK Davis, AW Newell, SW Hemingway, RW Bottari, V Perchellet, JP AF Chen, GL Perchellet, EM Gao, XM Johnson, FK Davis, AW Newell, SW Hemingway, RW Bottari, V Perchellet, JP TI Characterization of the tumor-promoting activity of m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in SENCAR mouse skin and its inhibition by gallotannin, oligomeric proanthocyanidin, and their monomeric units SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid; mouse epidermis; DNA synthesis; hydroperoxide production; tumor promotion; hydrolyzable and condensed tannins ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; FREE-RADICAL FORMATION; TUMOR PROMOTION; BENZOYL PEROXIDE; MULTISTAGE CARCINOGENESIS; HYDROPEROXIDE PRODUCTION; ORGANIC PEROXIDES; HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; EPIDERMIS INVIVO AB m-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (CPBA),which induces ornithine decarboxylase activity as much as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was tested for its ability to induce DNA synthesis, hydroperoxide (HPx) production, and tumor promotion in mouse epidermis in vivo. After an early inhibition, CPBA stimulates DNA synthesis, a response which is maintained between 16 and 72 h and maximal after two treatments. CPBA at 0.6-5 mg stimulates DNA synthesis more than other organic peroxides, and nearly as much as TPA. The HPx-producing activity of the epidermis is maximally stimulated 48 h after two CPBA treatments at a 24-h interval. However, the HPx response to CPBA is much smaller than that to TPA. Aleppo gall tannic acid (AGTA) and loblolly pine bark condensed tannin (LPCT) inhibit both the DNA and HPx responses to CPBA. In contrast, their respective monomeric units, gallic acid (GA) and catechin (Cat) inhibit the DNA response to CPBA but fail to alter CPBA-stimulated HPx production. Although it is more potent than benzoyl peroxide, CPBA is a complete tumor promoter much weaker than TPA and even less effective than mezerein (MEZ). CPBA in stage 1 cannot enhance like TPA the tumor-promoting activity of MEZ in stage 2. And in contrast to that of MEZ, the very weak tumor-promoting activity of CPBA is not enhanced after stage 1 treatment with TPA. At equal mg doses, AGTA, GA, LPCT, and Cat pretreatments all remarkably inhibit complete skin tumor promotion by CPBA. In spite of their antioxidant activities, AGTA post-treatments have no or very little inhibitory effects on the development of skin tumors by CPBA during 2-stage or complete tumor promotion. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DIV BIOL,ANTICANC DRUG LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. SILVA SRL,I-12080 SAN MICHELE MONDO,ITALY. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT JOURNAL ONCOLOGY PI ATHENS PA C/O PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS, EDITORIAL OFFICE, 1, S MERKOURI ST, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 197 EP 206 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TM024 UT WOS:A1996TM02400027 PM 21544350 ER PT J AU Mason, JR Matthew, DN AF Mason, JR Matthew, DN TI Evaluation of neem as a bird repellent chemical SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bird; neem; repellent; Sturnus vulgaris AB Neem extract (Azadirachta indica) is effective as an insect antifeedant, and limited evidence suggests that it may be useful as a repellent for birds. The present experiments were designed to test this proposition. In Experiment 1, European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were presented with feed adulterated with a commercially available neem preparation (Nimin(R)). The results showed that the highest test concentration (1.5% m/m) was avoided. In Experiment 2, starlings were presented with an aqueous extract of neem leaves and serial dilutions of that extract. All extract concentrations were avoided relative to untreated water. We conclude that neem is an economical and biologically safe bird repellent and that it may be useful in developing nations where neem is indigenous or introduced, and when synthetic pesticides are difficult to obtain or expensive. RP Mason, JR (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 42 IS 1 BP 47 EP 49 DI 10.1080/09670879609371968 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UE971 UT WOS:A1996UE97100008 ER PT J AU Vigil, EL Anthony, WS Columbus, E Erbe, E Wergin, WP AF Vigil, EL Anthony, WS Columbus, E Erbe, E Wergin, WP TI Fine structural aspects of cotton fiber attachment to the seed coat: Morphological factors affecting saw ginning of lint cotton SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB We analyzed cytological aspects of fiber attachment and the effect of hand and saw ginning with transmission and low-temperature electron microscopy. At the junction of the lint fiber to the seed coat surface there is an angular region or elbow, containing thick primary cell-wall material that apparently adds to the strength of fiber attachment to the seed coat. A protective wax layer covers the entire seed coat surface and is continuous along the surface of all fibers. Removal of full-length lint fibers during saw ginning results in a clean separation from the wax layer and primary wall just above the elbow junction, as occurs with hand ginning. Separation can be by cutting, in which case secondary cell wall is severed at the seed coat surface, or by pulling away of the intact fiber along with secondary cell-wall material present in the shank region of the fiber cell. These findings indicate that improving the yield of full-length lint fibers during saw ginning may require pretreatments to loosen the cell-wall structure at the neck region. This may involve partial dissolution of the cuticular wax layer on the fiber to improve penetration of any aqueous pretreatment(s). C1 ARS,USDA,COTTON GINNING RES LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. ARS,USDA,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP Vigil, EL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,B-046A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 157 IS 1 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1086/297324 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TU254 UT WOS:A1996TU25400011 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB AF Jensen, KB TI Genome analysis of Eurasian Elymus thoroldianus, E-melantherus, and E-kokonoricus (Triticeae: Poaceae) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GRANDIGLUMIS; KENGYILIA; CYTOLOGY; KENGII AB Elymus thoroldianus (Oliver) C. Singh, E. melantherus (Keng) A. Love, and E. kokonoricus (Keng) A. Love are short-lived perennial grasses of the tribe Triticeae distributed throughout the upper and middle mountain ranges of central Asia. Analyzer species used to produce interspecific hybrids with the three target taxa were Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love (SS), E. lanceolatus (Scribn. & Smith) Gould (SSHH), Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (NN), E. batalinii (Krasn) A. Love (SSYYPP), E. alatavicus (Drob.) Tzvelev (SSYYPP), E. grandiglumis (Keng)) A. Love (SSYYPP), and E. kengii (Tzvelev) A. Love (SSYYPP). Elymus thoro(dianus, E. melantherus, and E. kokonoricus are self-fertile allohexaploids (2n = 42). Analysis of metaphase I pairing configurations in the F-1 indicate that E. thoroldianus, E. melantherus, and E. kokonoricus possess the S, Y, and P genomes, with only minor structural rearrangements. Chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids with the target species and hexaploid accessions of E. batalinii. E. alatavicus, E. kengii, and E. grandiglumis supports the inclusion of E. thoroldianus, E. melantherus, and E. kokonoricus in the genus Elymus section Hyalolepis. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 157 IS 1 BP 136 EP 141 DI 10.1086/297330 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TU254 UT WOS:A1996TU25400017 ER PT J AU Gundersen, DE Lee, IM Schaff, DA Harrison, NA Chang, CJ Davis, RE Kingsbury, DT AF Gundersen, DE Lee, IM Schaff, DA Harrison, NA Chang, CJ Davis, RE Kingsbury, DT TI Genomic diversity and differentiation among phytoplasma strains in 16S rRNA groups I (aster yellows and related phytoplasmas) and III (X-disease and related phytoplasmas) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PATHOGENIC MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; DNA PROBES; EXTRACHROMOSOMAL DNA; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; SENSITIVE DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION AB Conserved gene sequences, including 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene sequences, were used to evaluate genetic variations in phytoplasma strains belonging to 16S rRNA groups I (aster yellows and related phytoplasmas) and III (X-disease and related phytoplasmas). We used PCR to amplify the sequences of the 16S ribosomal DNA and a segment of the ribosomal protein gene operon (encoding the 3' region of rps19, all of rp122, and rps3) from diverse phytoplasma group I and III strains, Additional chromosomal gene sequences of group I strains were also amplified. The PCR products amplified from members of each group of phytoplasmas were compared by performing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. On the basis of the RFLP patterns observed and similarity coefficients derived from combined RFLP analyses, the phytoplasma strains belonging to groups I and III were placed in distinct 16S rRNA, ribosomal protein, and 16S rRNA-ribosomal protein subgroups. Analyses of two or more conserved gene sequences revealed that members of the two groups were more diverse than previously thought. Subgroup differentiation on the basis of our combined analyses of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene sequences seemed to adequately reflect the levels of chromosomal homology determined by DNA-DNA hybridization assays. On the basis of unique RFLP profiles, we identified new, previously unclassified group I phytoplasma strains, including the organisms that are associated with Ipomoea obscura witches'-broom [subgroup 16SrI-F(rr-rp)], maize bushy stunt [subgroup 16SrI-I(rr-rp)], and Mexican periwinkle virescence [subgroup 16SrI-J(rr-rp)], and new, previously unclassified group III phytoplasma strains, including the organism that is associated with pecan bunch [subgroup 16SrIII-H(rr-rp)]. On the basis of the results of our analyses of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein conserved gene sequences, we recognized 9 group I subgroups and eight group III subgroups. We propose that phytoplasma strains belonging to each group I and III subgroup should be distinguished taxonomically at a level equivalent to the subspecies level. C1 USDA ARS,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,NEWARK,DE 19717. UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,REC,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30223. NR 61 TC 118 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 64 EP 75 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TP738 UT WOS:A1996TP73800009 PM 8573523 ER PT J AU Trott, DJ Stanton, TB Jensen, NS Duhamel, GE Johnson, JL Hampson, DJ AF Trott, DJ Stanton, TB Jensen, NS Duhamel, GE Johnson, JL Hampson, DJ TI Serpulina pilosicoli sp nov; The agent of porcine intestinal spirochetosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYODYSENTERIAE COMB-NOV; TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; GEN-NOV; SWINE-DYSENTERY; INNOCENS; IDENTIFICATION; DISTINCT; PIGS AB Phenotypic and genetic traits of porcine intestinal spirochete strain P43/6/78(T) (= ATCC 51139(T)) (T = type strain), which is pathogenic and weakly beta-hemolytic, were determined in order to confirm the taxonomic position of this organism and its relationships to previously described species of intestinal spirochetes. In BHIS broth, P43/6/78(T) cells had a doubling time of 1 to 2 h and grew to a maximum cell density of 2 x 10(9) cells per mi at 37 to 42 degrees C, They hydrolyzed hippurate, utilized D-glucose, D-fructose, sucrose, D- trehalose, D-galactose, D-mannose, maltose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-glucosamine, pyruvate, L-fucose, D-cellobiose, and D-ribose as growth substrates, and produced acetate, butyrate, ethanol, H-2,, and CO2 as metabolic products, They consumed substrate amounts of oxygen and had a G+C content (24.6 mol%) similar to that of Serpulina hyodysenteriae B78(T) (25.9 mol%). Phenotypic traits that could be used to distinguish strain P43/6/78(T) from S, hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens included its ultrastructural appearance (each strain P43/6/78(T) cell had 8 or 10 periplasmic flagella, with 4 or 5 flagella inserted at each end, and the cells were thinner and shorter and had more pointed ends than S. hyodysenteriae and S. innocens cells), its faster growth rate in liquid media, its hydrolysis of hippurate, its lack of beta-glucosidase activity, and its metabolism of D-ribose, DNA-DNA relative reassociation experiments in which the S1 nuclease method was used revealed that P43/6/78(T) was related to, but was genetically distinct from, both S, hyodysenteriae B78(T) (level of sequence homology, 25 to 32%) and S. innocens B256(T) (level of sequence homology, 24 to 25%), These and previous results indicate that intestinal spirochete strain P43/6/78(T) represents a distinct Serpulina species, Therefore, we propose that strain P43/6/78 should be designated as the type strain of a new species, Serpulina pilosicoli. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT VET & BIOMED SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ANAEROB MICROBIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP Trott, DJ (reprint author), MURDOCH UNIV,SCH VET STUDIES,MURDOCH,WA 6150,AUSTRALIA. RI Hampson, David/A-9464-2008 OI Hampson, David/0000-0002-7729-0427 NR 41 TC 193 Z9 198 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 206 EP 215 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TP738 UT WOS:A1996TP73800030 PM 8573497 ER PT J AU Williamson, DL Tully, JG Rosen, L Rose, DL Whitcomb, RF AbalainColloc, ML Carle, P Bove, JM Smyth, H AF Williamson, DL Tully, JG Rosen, L Rose, DL Whitcomb, RF AbalainColloc, ML Carle, P Bove, JM Smyth, H TI Spiroplasma diminutum sp nov, from Culex annulus mosquitoes collected in Taiwan SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASS MOLLICUTES; CLASSIFICATION; DEFORMATION; TAXONOMY AB Initially, strain CUAS-1(T) (T = type strain), which was isolated from a frozen triturate of Culex annulus mosquitoes collected in Taiwan, was thought to be a member of spiroplasma group MI, This placement was based on the spiroplasma deformation test titer observed when strain CUAS-1(T) spiroplasmas were tested with Spiroplasma monobiae MQ-1(T) antiserum, The results of subsequent reciprocal spiroplasma deformation, metabolism inhibition, and growth inhibition tests clearly revealed that strain CUAS-1(T) is not serologically related to previously described spiroplasma groups (groups I to XXIV) and thus is a representative of a new group, group XXV, Strain CUAS-1(T) was characterized by using the minimal standards for mollicute species descriptions, During logarithmic-phase growth, strain CUAS-1(T) cells are characteristically very short helices with 1.5 to 2 helical turns (1 to 2 mu m), highly motile, and bounded by a single trilaminar membrane and form granular colonies with satellites when the organism is grown aerobically on MID medium containing 1.6% agar, Growth in M1D broth occurs at temperatures ranging from 10 to 37 degrees C, and the optimum temperature is 30 degrees C, Substrate utilization tests revealed that cholesterol is required for growth, that glucose is hydrolyzed, and that arginine is not hydrolyzed both in the presence and in the absence of glucose, The genome of strain CUAS-1(T) is 1,080 kbp long, and the guanine-plus-cytosine content is 26 +/- 1 mol%, On the basis of the results of our studies we propose that strain CUAS-1(T) (group XXV) should be placed in a new species, Spiroplasma diminutum. Strain CUAS-1 (= ATCC 49235) is the type strain of S. diminutum. C1 NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. UNIV HAWAII MANOA,PACIFIC BIOMED RES CTR,HONOLULU,HI 96822. USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT PROTECT,INSECT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FAC MED BREST,BACTERIOL LAB,F-29285 BREST,FRANCE. INRA,LAB BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. UNIV BORDEAUX 2,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. RP Williamson, DL (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TP738 UT WOS:A1996TP73800033 PM 8573499 ER PT J AU vanBerkum, P Beyene, D Eardly, BD AF vanBerkum, P Beyene, D Eardly, BD TI Phylogenetic relationships among Rhizobium species nodulating the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGUMINOSARUM BIOVAR PHASEOLI; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENE-SEQUENCES; STRAINS AB The phylogenetic relationships among Rhizobium species that nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) were determined by directly sequencing the amplified 16S ribosomal DNA genes of these organisms, The bean strains formed four separate clusters, One cluster was composed of Rhizobium leguminosarum by. trifolii, R, leguminosarum bv. viciae, and R, leguminosarum bv, phaseoli, Two other clusters comprised Rhizobium etli and Rhizobium tropici, and the fourth cluster contained a single bean-nodulating strain, Data for species identification were obtained from DNA-DNA reassociation experiments, The levels of DNA relatedness among strains belonging to the three biovars of R. leguminosarum ranged from 58 to 67%, The levels of DNA relatedness between R, leguminosarum bv. phaseoli and R, etli and R. tropici ranged from 43 to 45% and 13 to 16%, respectively, The levels of DNA relatedness between the strain belonging to the fourth cluster and strains of the other three Rhizobium species that nodulate beans were less than 10%. C1 INST AGR RES,HOLETTA AGR RES CTR,ADDIS ABABA,ETHIOPIA. RP vanBerkum, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BARC W,HH-19,BLDG 011,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 110 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 240 EP 244 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TP738 UT WOS:A1996TP73800035 PM 8573502 ER PT S AU Roh, MS Griesbach, RJ Lawson, RH Gross, KC AF Roh, MS Griesbach, RJ Lawson, RH Gross, KC BE Lee, JS Roh, MS TI Production and identification of interspecific hybrids of Lilium longiflorum and L x elegans SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE GENUS LILIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Genus Lilium CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 1994 CL TAEJON, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Sect Ornamental Plants AB Lilium longiflorum Thunb. 'Nellie White' and a selection of L. x elegans Thunb. (hybrid 'D') were used to produce interspecific hybrids by cut style pollination, separated carpel and ovule culture. Separated carpels were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with NAA at 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L and kinetin at 0, 1.5, 3, and 6 mg/L in all possible 16 combinations. Individual ovules that were enlarged and swollen were then removed and cultured in a MS medium supplemented with NAA and/or kinetin. A total of 303 plantlets were obtained from 41 ovules. The number of ovules that regenerated plantlets was not significantly influenced by NAA, kinetin or their combination. However, the most plantlets were obtained on a medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA plus 3 mg/L kinetin. Interspecific hybrids were identified by karyotype, carbohydrate, and flavonol analyses, the last methods being able to be employed during the early growth stage of hybrids. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-977-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1996 IS 414 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK31Q UT WOS:000071766300009 ER PT S AU Rob, MS Griesbach, RJ Lawson, RH AF Rob, MS Griesbach, RJ Lawson, RH BE Lee, JS Roh, MS TI Evaluation of interspecific hybrids of Lilium longiflorum and L x elegans SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE GENUS LILIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Genus Lilium CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 1994 CL TAEJON, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Sect Ornamental Plants AB Lilium longiflorum Thunb., 'Nellie White' and a selection of L. x elegans Thunb., ('D'), were used to produce interspecific hybrids (LAIH) by cut style pollination, ovary slice followed by ovule culture. A total of 303 plants were obtained from 41 ovules through embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from callus. In 7 to 8 months from transplanting the tissue cultured plantlets, 55% of the LAIH plants flowered, producing 1 to 7 flowers on 30 to 102 cm stems. Flower colour of the LAIH ranged from white (RHS Colour Chart #155D) to red (55B), yellow (8D), or orange (24C) at bu stage before anthesis. Three LAIH formed bulbils in the leaf axil. Then traditional bulb forcing and forcing from tissue culture propagules were compared. Pot plants of 'Nellie White' and cut flowers of five LAIH were obtained in 116 - 127 days from shoot emergence or in 11 months from transplanting of tissue cultured propagules, which were comparable to the quality (the number of flower and plant height) of the plants forced from large bulbs. The results suggest that growth and flowering of the LAIH resembles that of L. longiflorum, although flower colour, the arrangement of sepals and petals, and bulbil forming characteristics were influenced by L. x elegans. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rob, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-977-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1996 IS 414 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK31Q UT WOS:000071766300010 ER PT S AU Roh, MS Griesbach, RJ Gross, KC Line, M AF Roh, MS Griesbach, RJ Gross, KC Line, M BE Lee, JS Roh, MS TI Identification and evaluation of the interspecific hybrid between Lilium longiflorum and L-callosum SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE GENUS LILIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Genus Lilium CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 1994 CL TAEJON, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Sect Ornamental Plants AB Lilium longiflorum Thunb. produces white flowers and is widely grown as both a potted plant and a cut flower. L. callosum produces small red flowers and is difficult to grow in a pot. Interspecific hybrids between L. longiflorum and L. callosum were rescued through in vitro separated carpels and whole ovule culture. Hybrids were identified by examining karyotype of root-tip cells, flavonoid analysis, carbohydrate analysis of stigma exudate, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging analysis of scales. All hybrids exhibited traits that could be traced back to the parents. At flowering, various characteristics were recorded, particularly the incidence of leaf scorch. The hybrids 3d-1 and Fd-l showed some leaf scorch while most of the other hybrids and L. callosum showed severe leaf scorch. All L. callosum bulbs forced in the greenhouse did not produce bulbs for forcing in the second year. However, L. longiflorum and all the hybrids produced forcible size bulbs which flowered in the second year. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-977-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1996 IS 414 BP 111 EP 124 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK31Q UT WOS:000071766300011 ER PT S AU Lawson, RH Hsu, HT AF Lawson, RH Hsu, HT BE Lee, JS Roh, MS TI Lily diseases and their control SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE GENUS LILIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Genus Lilium CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 1994 CL TAEJON, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Sect Ornamental Plants AB Lily production has increased in recent years with expanding popularity of Asiatic hybrid lilies as garden flowers, cut flowers and pot plants. Several nematode, bacterial and fungus incited diseases have been known for many years. Control of these diseases depends primarily on good sanitary practices and the selective use of chemicals. Recent research has emphasized the importance of breeding for resistance to the fungus Botrytis elliptica by early screening of Asiatic lilies that showed wide variability to infection. Fusarium oxysporum alone or in combination with other fungi causes basal rot, the most serious disease of Asiatic lilies. A method for assessing resistance has been developed and is being used in a breeding program. Detection of viruses remains an important method of control in the absence of genetically engineered resistance and identified virus resistance in breeding programs. Tissue culture combined with chemical treatment has been successfully used to produce virus-free lilies. Oil sprays have been used to reduce transmission of aphid-borne viruses in the field. In this paper we compare the sensitivity of different serological test methods for virus detection. Relationships between aphid transmitted potyviruses in lilies and tulips and detection of viral nucleic acids utilising the polymerase chain reaction are also presented. C1 USDA, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants, Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lawson, RH (reprint author), USDA, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants, Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-977-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1996 IS 414 BP 175 EP 187 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK31Q UT WOS:000071766300021 ER PT S AU Roh, MS AF Roh, MS BE Lee, JS Roh, MS TI New production technology of Lilium - A review on propagation and forcing SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE GENUS LILIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Genus Lilium CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 1994 CL TAEJON, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Sect Ornamental Plants AB Conventional production method of Lilium longiflorum, Easter lily, L. x elegans, Asiatic hybrid lily, and interspecific hybrids between these two species (LAIH) involves three distinct phases: bulb production, bulb programming, and greenhouse forcing. Bulb production phase lasts for 1 to 2 years after planting propagules obtained from tissue culture or scaling. Programming phase lasts for 6 to 8 weeks, and greenhouse forcing requires about 5 months. Therefore, the total production period takes about 2 to 3 years. Virus infection during the bulb production phase and yearly variations in bulb dormancy and maturity affect subsequent greenhouse forcing making it difficult to program for a holiday, especially for an early Easter. Various systems using large scale in vitro propagation do not reduce the production period, even after sufficient numbers of propagules have been secured. To shorten the total production period, the bulb production phase should be shortened or possibly eliminated. Further, the bulb programming period could be phased with an initial stage of greenhouse forcing. To produce commercially acceptable cut flowers or potted plants from small propagules in 10 - 12 months, cultural methods should be developed. In this presentation, several cultural procedures designed to reduce the production time for L. longiflorum, L. x elegans, and LAIH lilies are summarized. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-977-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1996 IS 414 BP 219 EP 228 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK31Q UT WOS:000071766300026 ER PT S AU Roh, MS Sim, YG AF Roh, MS Sim, YG BE Lee, JS Roh, MS TI Seed germination of Lilium x Formolongi as influenced by temperature and plant growth regulators SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE GENUS LILIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Genus Lilium CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 1994 CL TAEJON, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Sect Ornamental Plants AB Seed germination of L x formolongi Thunb., 'Snow Line' as influenced by presowing treatment at 5 degrees C or with plant growth regulators and constant and alternating germination temperatures was investigated to obtain uniform seedlings. Seed germination was promoted at constant 17 degrees C (test 1) or 14 degrees C (test 2) and inhibited at constant 26 degrees C (test 1) or to 29 degrees C (test 2). Pre-treatment at 5 degrees C did not overcome inhibition of seed germination induced by high temperatures. When seeds were exposed to alternating temperatures (29 degrees C for 1 week followed by 14 degrees C), germination percentage and the number of uniform seedlings was increased (Test 4). However, this response was not observed when seeds were exposed to 26 degrees C and then germinated at 17 degrees C (Test 3). Treatments with plant growth regulators did not affect germination either at 14 degrees C or 29 degrees C. To obtain uniform seedling populations, seeds should be germinated seeds at 14 degrees C with pre-treatment at 29 degrees C for 1 week. The ineffectiveness of a pre-treatment at 5 degrees C on germination and inhibition of germination at >20 degrees C suggests that L. x formolongi seeds exhibit imposed secondary dormancy by high temperatures during germination. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-977-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1996 IS 414 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK31Q UT WOS:000071766300029 ER PT S AU Brown, MW Schmitt, JJ AF Brown, MW Schmitt, JJ BE Polesny, F Muller, W Olszak, RW TI Impact of ground cover plants on beneficial arthropods in an apple orchard in West Virginia, USA SO IOBC/WPRS AND ISHS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATED FRUIT PRODUCTION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IOBC/WPRS/ISHS International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 1995 CL CEDZYNA, POLAND SP IOBC, Working Grp Integrated Plant Protect Orchards, Int Soc Hort Sci, Working Grp Integrated Fruit Prod, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Bayer AG, Carl Zeiss, Jena, Ciba-Geigy AG, Basel, Fa G Pessl, Weiz, Solvay Duphar B V, Sumitomo Chem, Zeneca, Poland AB A conventionally managed orchard was compared with an orchard with a ground cover of clover and rye and managed to conserve biological control organisms. In the first three yeats after planting the orchard with diverse ground covers had a more diverse biological control community than the conventional orchard-even though the trees were less vigorous and had fewer aphids. Use of ground cover plants can enhance biological control in apple orchards but care must be taken not to reduce tree vigor. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 92-9067-078-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1996 IS 422 BP 332 EP 333 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK26S UT WOS:000071638700066 ER PT J AU Bosch, J delPino, FG Ramoneda, J Retana, J AF Bosch, J delPino, FG Ramoneda, J Retana, J TI Fruiting phenology and fruit set of carob, Ceratonia siliqua L (Cesalpinaceae) SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INFLORESCENCE SIZE; PLANTS PRODUCE; EVOLUTION; FLOWERS AB The fruiting phenology of two female and two hermaphroditic carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) cultivars was studied in NE Spain. After flower pollination (September-November), fruit growth followed a sigmoidal curve, with an initial period of slow growth (December-March), a period of linear growth (April-June), and a final period of slow growth and maturation (June-August). Shedding of flowers and young fruits was high in October-December, and slowed down in January-February. Then, fruit drop again increased until May, and from June to August fruit shedding was almost nil. Fruit initiation was 12.6-35.0%, and fruit shedding was high (79.2-90.2% of the fruits initiated dropped before maturity). In the two female cultivars, larger inflorescences had higher rates of fruit initiation, fruit set, and seed set per flower than smaller inflorescences. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,FAC CIENCIES,CREAF,BELLATERRA 08193,BARCELONA,SPAIN. UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,FAC CIENCIES,UNITAT ECOL,BELLATERRA 08193,BARCELONA,SPAIN. UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,FAC CIENCIES,DEPT BIOL ANIM VEGETAL & ECOL,BELLATERRA 08193,BARCELONA,SPAIN. RI Garcia-del-Pino, Fernando/G-1686-2016; Retana, Javier/L-1214-2014; OI Garcia-del-Pino, Fernando/0000-0002-9515-7056; Retana, Javier/0000-0002-7505-9467; Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 50257, JERUSALEM 91502, ISRAEL SN 0792-9978 J9 ISRAEL J PLANT SCI JI Isr. J. Plant Sci. PY 1996 VL 44 IS 4 BP 359 EP 368 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WE874 UT WOS:A1996WE87400008 ER PT B AU Nelson, SO Bartley, PG Lawrence, KC AF Nelson, SO Bartley, PG Lawrence, KC GP IEEE TI Measuring RF and microwave permittivities of stored-grain insects SO JOINT CONFERENCE - 1996: IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE & IMEKO TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 7, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I AND II: QUALITY MEASUREMENTS: THE INDISPENSABLE BRIDGE BETWEEN THEORY AND REALITY (NO MEASUREMENTS? NO SCIENCE!) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference 1996 - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference/IMEKO Technical Committee 7 (IMTC/96 - IMEKO TC-7) CY JUN 04-06, 1996 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP IEEE, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IMEKO Tech Comm 7, Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Elec C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3312-8 PY 1996 BP 1108 EP 1113 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF78W UT WOS:A1996BF78W00212 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, M TI Nutritional value of proteins from different food sources. A review SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE amino acids; digestibility; food protein sources; health; malnutrition; mixed proteins; nutritional quality; protein quality ID AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; SUNFLOWER HELIANTHUS-ANNUS; JIMSON WEED DATURA; RAT GROWTH ASSAYS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; GROWING RATS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AVAILABLE LYSINE; SODIUM ASCORBATE; BEAN FRACTIONS AB The nutritional value or quality of structurally different proteins varies and is governed by amino acid composition, ratios of essential amino acids, susceptibility to hydrolysis during digestion, source, and the effects of processing. To optimize the biological utilization of proteins, a better understanding is needed of the various interrelated parameters that influence their nutritive value. This review attempts to contribute to this effort. It discusses methods used for protein quality evaluation, research needs to facilitate labeling foods for protein quality, and factors influencing protein quality including amino acid analysis, digestion, food processing, antinutrients, and protein-energy relationships. Recent studies on the nutritional quality of more than 50 common and uncommon protein sources including cereals, legumes, other seeds, meat, seafood, insects, leaves, mushrooms, and potatoes are reviewed. Also described are advantages of consuming low-quality proteins fortified with essential amino acids, nutritional benefits of mixtures of complementary protein sources, plant genetic approaches to improving the nutritive value of foods, problems associated with liquid diets for adults and infants, socioeconomic aspects of new protein foods, and the influence of protein type and quality on lactation, the immune system, and serum lipids, This integrated overview is intended to stimulate interest in the introduction and use of new protein sources for feeding the ever-growing world population. RP USDA, AGR RES SERV, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 301 TC 287 Z9 307 U1 20 U2 182 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 6 EP 29 DI 10.1021/jf9400167 PG 24 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TR360 UT WOS:A1996TR36000003 ER PT J AU MoraGutierrez, A Farrell, HM Kumosinski, TF AF MoraGutierrez, A Farrell, HM Kumosinski, TF TI Comparison of hydration behavior of bovine and caprine caseins as determined by oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance: Temperature dependence of colloidal stability SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; O-17; water binding; calcium binding; temperature effects; bovine casein; caprine casein; caprine alpha(s)1-casein ID CALCIUM-INDUCED SOLUBILITY; THERMODYNAMIC LINKAGE; WATER INTERACTIONS; PROTEIN HYDRATION; RELAXATION; MILK AB Oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) transverse relaxation rates for bovine and caprine casein micelles at various temperatures were analyzed by nonlinear regression analysis and a protein activity model. The dependence of the NMR transverse relaxation rates was markedly nonlinear due to interactions between protein molecules. Temperature dependences of the hydration parameters of the bovine and caprine casein micelles were in accordance with the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions are the predominant forces responsible for the self-association of the caseins. Relaxation differences between reconstituted micelles of bovine and caprine caseins strongly suggest that important structural dissimilarities exist between these milk proteins that are due to differences in the ratios of alpha(s1)- to beta-casein. A higher degree of hydration, characteristic of a more open and looser structure, is observed for caprine casein micelles high in alpha(s1)-casein at 21 and 37 degrees C. The observed hydration behavior of bovine casein micelles at all three temperatures is consistent with the hydration values determined previously by deuterium NMR studies of bovine casein micelles in D2O containing 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid. The correspondence between the deuterium and oxygen-17 results suggests that both experiments detect exchangeable water ''trapped'' within the casein micelles. The dependence of the second virial coefficient B-0 on temperature was different for bovine and caprine casein micelles, suggesting the importance of ''net'' electrostatic charges of these milk proteins in their interactions with calcium and water. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP MoraGutierrez, A (reprint author), PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,COOPERAT AGR RES CTR,POB 4079,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1021/jf950247t PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TR360 UT WOS:A1996TR36000008 ER PT J AU Strange, ED Holsinger, VH Kleyn, DH AF Strange, ED Holsinger, VH Kleyn, DH TI Rheological properties of thiolated and succinylated caseins SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE casein; gels; thiolated ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; PROTEIN; GELATION; FOAM AB Gelation of casein may be improved by introduction of functional groups that are capable of forming disulfide bonds. Thiolated whole caseins were prepared with S-acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride and succinylated whole caseins with succinic anhydride. Thiolated caseins formed gels at protein concentrations of 5% or more at ambient temperatures after treatment with a deacetylating agent, due to air oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups to form disulfide bonds. Gelation rate and gel strength increased with increasing concentration of casein. Gels formed at 10% protein concentration when only 2.6 lysines/mol were modified by the thiolating reagent. However, increased lysine modification was only slightly related to more rapid gelling rate or increased gel strength. Gels formed had mechanical spectra that resembled those of weak gels (gums) in terms of moduli behavior during frequency sweeps, although absolute values were greater. Succinylated caseins and native casein did not form gels under these experimental conditions. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. RP Strange, ED (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1021/jf950046p PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TR360 UT WOS:A1996TR36000009 ER PT J AU Wu, YV AF Wu, YV TI Neutral sugar contents of corn gluten meal and corn gluten feed SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE neutral sugars; corn gluten meal; corn gluten feed AB Corn gluten meal and corn gluten feed are coproducts from wet milling of corn. To increase their potential for further processing, the carbohydrate composition of these coproducts was determined. Each material was first hydrolyzed by trifluoroacetic acid, and the noncellulosic neutral sugars were then measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Glycerol (3.7 and 4.9%), arabinose (0 and 6.1%), xylose (0.3 and 6.3%), mannose (1.0 and 0%), glucose (7.9 and 21.1%), and galactose (0.2 and 1.7%) were found in corn gluten meal and corn gluten feed, respectively. Glycerol and glucose account for most of the neutral carbohydrates from the hydrolysis of the 80% methanol soluble fraction (monosaccharide and low molecular weight oligosaccharides). RP USDA, AGR RES SERV, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 136 EP 138 DI 10.1021/jf950315b PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TR360 UT WOS:A1996TR36000023 ER PT J AU Mauldin, RE Goldade, DA Engeman, RM Goodall, MJ Craver, RK Johnston, JJ AF Mauldin, RE Goldade, DA Engeman, RM Goodall, MJ Craver, RK Johnston, JJ TI Determination of zinc phosphide residues in the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) by gas chromatography flame photometric detection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE zinc phosphide; California ground squirrel; Spermophilus beecheyi; gas chromatography-flame photometric detection AB Zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) recovery from small mammal tissues is assessed for the first time by an analytical method developed for the determination of Zn3P2 residues in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) by gas chromatography-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). GI tracts from field-collected squirrels were removed, and the stomachs and intestines were separated. Emptied stomachs were fortified with varying combinations of Zn3P2 and partially digested range grass; intestines were-fortified with Zn3P2 only. Tissues were processed and acid hydrolyzed in a sealed flask to produce phosphine (PH3) gas, and samples of the PH3-containing headspace gas were analyzed by GC. Recovery data were used to develop predictive linear equations relating tissue weights and Zn3P2 observed with actual Zn3P2 residues. The validated linear range was 0.1-103.4 pg of Zn3P2/mL headspace (0.102-100.3 mg of Zn3P2/sample, r(2) = 0.9993). The limits of detection of the method were 0.015 mg (approximate to 250 ppb) and 0.013 mg (approximate to 154 ppb) in stomachs and intestines, respectively. No chromatographic interferences were observed. RP Mauldin, RE (reprint author), USDA,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1021/jf9501498 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TR360 UT WOS:A1996TR36000035 ER PT J AU Meredith, FI Bacon, CW Plattner, RD Norred, WP AF Meredith, FI Bacon, CW Plattner, RD Norred, WP TI Preparative LC isolation and purification of fumonisin B-1 from rice culture SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; FB1; FB2; FB3; mycotoxin ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; MYCOTOXINS; HORSES; PIGS AB Procedures are presented for the production and rapid isolation of fumonisin B-1 (FB1) from fumonisin B-2 (FB2) and fumonisin B-3 (FB3), and for the purification of the mycotoxin FB1 from cultures of Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826 grown on rice. The toxin was extracted from rice culture with acetonitrile:water (1:1; 5mL/g of culture material), filtered, and reduced in volume on a rotary evaporator to remove the acetonitrile. A three-step liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for the isolation of FB1, FB2, and FB3, and the purification of FB1. Preparative reversed-phase LC was used to isolate and partially purify the FB1. In the first step, the extract was applied to a Waters Bondapak PrepPak 500 C-18 reversed-phase cartridge and eluted with a methanol:water gradient. Fractions containing partially purified FB1 were collected, reduced in volume, and subjected to a second preparative LC procedure. The extract was applied to two Bondapak PrepPak cyano cartridges, and isocratic elution with water:0.5% pyridine was used in the purification step. Recovery of the total FB1 was 97% from the first isolation step and was 93% from the second purification step. Analytical high-performance liquid chromatography and fast-atom bombardment/mass spectrometry were used in determining the purity of the FB1. Recovery of the high purity FB1 (95% or greater) was 77% or 2811 mg/3647 mg of starting material. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Meredith, FI (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1021/jf950294l PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TR360 UT WOS:A1996TR36000036 ER PT J AU Schlotzhauer, WS Pair, SD Horvat, RJ AF Schlotzhauer, WS Pair, SD Horvat, RJ TI Volatile constituents from the flowers of Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lonicera japonica; volatile flower constituents; cis-jasmone; diurnal variations ID JASMONIC ACID; PLANT-GROWTH; COMPONENTS AB The flowers of Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) have been shown by field observation to be attractive to a variety of economically important adult lepidoptera. The present study was performed to identify and quantify the volatile chemical constituents of L. japonica flowers, at different stages of development, to provide a basis for systematic evaluation of insect attraction. Methylene chloride extracts of flowers obtained at three stages of development (freshly opened, overnight, and 24 h) were subjected to vacuum-steam distillation/hexane extraction using a modified Likens-Nickerson apparatus. Volatile constituents were identified and quantitated using gas capillary chromatography/mass spectrometry. Twenty-seven compounds, 13 of which have not been reported in Lonicera spp. flowers, were identified among the three developmental stages. Germacrene D was a major component at all stages; Linalool and alpha-farnesene appeared in high concentrations in fresh and 24 h flowers but were greatly reduced in overnight flowers. The latter, however, contained elevated levels of phenylpropanoid biosynthesized compounds, suggesting a marked diurnal influence on the biosynthesis of volatile flower constituents involving two modes of action: phenylpropanoid and lipoxygenase derivation. C1 USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555. RP Schlotzhauer, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 206 EP 209 DI 10.1021/jf950275b PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TR360 UT WOS:A1996TR36000038 ER PT J AU Haddon, WF Binder, RG Wong, RY Harden, LA Wilson, RE Benson, M Stevens, KL AF Haddon, WF Binder, RG Wong, RY Harden, LA Wilson, RE Benson, M Stevens, KL TI Potent bacterial mutagens produced by chlorination of simulated poultry chiller water SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE poultry chiller water; bacterial mutagens; chlorine disinfection byproducts; chlorinated imides ID DRINKING-WATER; STEPWISE REMOVAL; 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE AB Hypochlorite treatment of a simulated food-processing mixture produces 3,4-dichloromaleimide and 3,3-dichloro-4-(dichloromethylene)-2,5-pyrrolidinedione (C5HCl4NO2). The tetrachloro compound and two analogs, which can be synthesized from citraconic anhydride and itaconic anhydride, are direct-acting Ames mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 tester strain. These novel five-carbon cyclic imides are structurally similar to 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), the principal mutagenic compound present in paper pulp bleaching liquors. Molecular structure analysis of the mutagens was based on X-ray crystallography, C-13 NMR, and mass spectrometry of synthetic chlorinated imides with identical. mass spectra and gas chromatographic retention indices. The tetrachloroimide accounts for much of the mutagenicity of the dichloromethane-extractable pH 2 fraction from chlorination of a simulated food-processing system consisting of chicken frankfurters. In the Ames TA100 tester strain it has a molecular mutagenicity of 1450 revertants/nmol without microsomal activation, making it the second most potent mutagen reported from a chlorination process. RP Haddon, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 256 EP 263 DI 10.1021/jf950076s PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TR360 UT WOS:A1996TR36000047 ER PT J AU Walter, WM Palma, CS AF Walter, WM Palma, CS TI Effect of long-term storage on cell wall neutral sugars and galacturonic acid of two sweetpotato cultivars SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pectic substances; jewel cultivar; Beauregard cultivar ID ESTER CONTENT; FIRMNESS; PECTIN AB Jewel and Beauregard sweetpotatoes were sampled at harvest and after 49, 119, and 217 days of storage. At each sampling date for each cultivar, the concentrations of galacturonic acid (GA), galacturonic methyl esters, and cell wall neutral sugars were determined for both water-soluble and water-insoluble cell wall substances. For both cultivars, the GA content of water-soluble materials increased during storage, but the GA content of water-insoluble substances decreased, reflecting decreases in pectin size. The percent methyl ester content did not change for either cultivar. Cell wall neutral sugar concentrations declined in the order glucose >> galactose > xylose > rhamnose > mannose > arabinose > fucose. Changes in cell wall neutral sugars were minimal and were not observed in both cultivars. For both cultivars, the few cell wall sugar changes that occurred over time were best fit to a quadratic model. Thus, the only observed change in cell wall components that is known to affect firmness was the decrease in water-insoluble pec tic substances and concurrent increase in water-soluble pectic substances. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Walter, WM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 278 EP 281 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TR360 UT WOS:A1996TR36000051 ER PT J AU Wolt, JD Smith, JK Sims, JK Duebelbeis, DO AF Wolt, JD Smith, JK Sims, JK Duebelbeis, DO TI Products and kinetics of cloransulam-methyl aerobic soil metabolism SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DE-565; triazolopyrimidine sulfonanalide; soil degradation AB Cloransulam-methyl aerobic soil metabolism was investigated to ascertain rates and products of environmental dissipation. Cecil loamy sand and Hanford loam fortified with 66 ng of [C-14]-cloransulam-methyl g(-1) of soil were incubated in the dark at 25 degrees C and 100 kPa of moisture potential under positive O-2 pressure for up to 357 days. Cloransulam-methyl exhibited a biphasic pattern of degradation. Aerobic soil half-lives were 9 and 13 days, respectively, on Cecil and Hanford soils for data tit to a two-compartment model and 16 and 21 days, respectively, for data fit to a first-order initial rate model. Degradation rates decreased approximate to 10-fold when soils were incubated at 5 degrees C or when sterilized by gamma-irradiation. Evolved (CO2)-C-14 accounted for up to 10% of applied C-14. Metabolites (cloransulam, 5-hydroxycloransulam-methyl, and 5-hydroxycloransulam) occurred in acetone/acetic acid extracts at maximum concentrations of 25, 9, and 8 ng g(-1), respectively, and were significantly less phytotoxic than the parent molecule. Bound residues accumulated up to 76% of applied C-14. Degradation rate and sorptivity were further investigated on 16 soils fortified with 189 ng g(-1) of [C-14]cloransulam-methyl and incubated for up to 55 days. Apparent first-order half-lives ranged from 13 to 28 days (mean +/- SE = 18 +/- 4 days). Apparent K-d values, produced using a two-step extraction, ranged from 0.19 to 4.89 L kg(-1) for cloransulam-methyl. Cloransulam-methyl metabolites, when present, tended to exhibit lower K-d values than the parent molecule. Apparent Kd increased with time. C1 USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Wolt, JD (reprint author), DOWELANCO N AMER ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,9330 ZIONSVILLE RD,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46268, USA. RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 324 EP 332 DI 10.1021/jf9503570 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TR360 UT WOS:A1996TR36000059 ER PT J AU Grice, KJ Payne, GF Karns, JS AF Grice, KJ Payne, GF Karns, JS TI Enzymatic approach to waste minimization in a cattle dipping operation: Economic analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE parathion hydrolase; organophosphate phosphotriesterase; coumaphos; potasan; waste minimization ID PARATHION HYDROLASE GENE; STREPTOMYCES-LIVIDANS; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; PURIFICATION; PROTEIN; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; EXPRESSION AB Cattle dipping liquid containing the pesticide coumaphos must be discarded when potasan, a dechlorination product of coumaphos, accumulates. An enzymatic strategy is examined in which the enzyme parathion hydrolase is used to selectively hydrolyze potasan relative to coumaphos, therefore permitting the extended use of the cattle dipping liquid and reducing the overall generation of waste from the cattle dipping operation. A large-scale experiment was performed to confirm that the observed rate of potasan hydrolysis is an order of magnitude larger than the rate of coumaphos hydrolysis. A mathematical model was adapted to permit an economic comparison of the enzymatic waste minimization approach to the alternative of dumping the potasan-containing dipping liquid and recharging the dip vat with fresh coumaphos. This analysis demonstrates that because the amount of enzyme required is small and the cost of the coumaphos pesticide is large, it is almost always economical to extend the lifetime of the dip vat by the addition of the enzyme. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,AGR BIOTECHNOL CTR,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21228. USDA,AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1021/jf950375h PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TR360 UT WOS:A1996TR36000063 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Oehler, DD AF Miller, JA Oehler, DD TI Concentrations of ivermectin in bovine serum as a function of treatments SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ivermectin; cattle; levels in serum; delivery systems ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; TICKS ACARI; CATTLE; IXODIDAE; RELEASE AB In a series of studies with ivermectin in cattle, we determined the drug concentrations in serum over time resulting from daily oral dosages at 50, 100, and 200 mu g/kg and from daily subcutaneous injections at 5, 20, and 80 mu g/kg. We also determined the profile of ivermectin in serum resulting from oral treatment at 75 mu g/kg at 3-d intervals. For cattle treated orally at the same dosage, a significant difference in the level of drug in serum was found between animals held on pasture and those held in indoor stanchions. In contrast, no difference in serum ivermectin was found in cattle held on pasture and those held in stanchion if they were treated by injection. A subsequent trial showed that the quantity of foodstuff consumed by the animal can account for some of the differences observed in cattle treated orally. A simple spreadsheet model was developed for estimating the level of ivermectin in serum over time. The results of these trials provide a useful database for the development of a variety of delivery systems for ivermectin in cattle. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA TV366 UT WOS:A1996TV36600003 ER PT J AU Petersen, JJ Currey, DM AF Petersen, JJ Currey, DM TI Timing of releases of gregarious Muscidifurax raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to control flies associated with confined beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae; Muscidifurax raptorellus; biological control; house fly; stable fly ID MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA AB A gregarious strain of Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan and Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) colonized from house fly (Musca domestica L.) puparia collected in eastern Nebraska was mass reared and released. The study was undertaken to determine dispersal rates, persistence of released parasites, and optimal intervals for releasing this promising biological control agent for filth flies. A single release of 200,000 parasitized house fly pupae resulted in 96% parasitism of sentinel house fly pupae 2 wk after release. Parasite activity declined to background levels over the subsequent 3 wk. When two releases of 100,000 parasitized hosts each were made 6 wk apart, parasitism averaged 70% and 55%, respectively, 2 wk after releases. When three releases of 67,000 parasitized hosts were made at 4 wk intervals, peak parasitism averaged 44%, 58%, and 80%, respectively, following the three releases. Parasite emergence from naturally occurring stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), and house fly puparia (Diptera: Muscidae) averaged 15.5% and 37.2%, respectively, collected during the 3-wk period after each release, and little recycling was evident. Muscidufurax raptorellus is gregarious and aggressive and can be reared at considerably less cost than solitary pteromalid species. However, more study is needed to determine its potential as a biological control agent of filth flies. RP Petersen, JJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,MIDW LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA TV366 UT WOS:A1996TV36600005 ER PT J AU Koohmaraie, M Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL AF Koohmaraie, M Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL TI Effects of a beta-adrenergic agonist (L-644,969) and male sex condition on muscle growth and meat quality of callipyge lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beta-adrenergic agonists; callipyge; calpastatin; castration; muscles; tenderness ID ENDOGENOUS PROTEINASE ACTIVITIES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; SLAUGHTER WEIGHT; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; VEAL CALVES; FIBER TYPES; TENDERNESS; CLENBUTEROL AB The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary administration of a beta-adrenergic agonist (BAA; L-644,969) and male sex condition (ram vs wether) on muscle growth and meat quality of Dorset x Romonov lambs believed to be heterozygous for the callipyge gene. At approximately 17 wk of age, lambs were blocked by weight within each sex condition and randomly assigned to BAA treatment group. The interaction of BAA and male sex condition was not significant for any of the traits measured. Rams had greater initial and final live weights, average daily gain, and hot carcass weight (P < .01). Rams did not differ (P > .05) from wethers with respect to any of the carcass traits, possibly because the wethers were so lean and heavily-muscled that there was little room for improvement. Kidney-pelvic fat weight was reduced 26% by BAA (P < .05). Knife separable lean weight and whole carcass proximate composition were not affected (P > .05) by BAA or male sex condition. Administration of BAA increased calpastatin activity at 20 d (1.1 vs 1.5 units/g), but not at 0 h (3.9 vs 4.8 units/g) postmortem, decreased myofibril fragmentation index (60.7 vs 44.9), and increased shear force (8.2 vs 10.9 kg) at 20 d postmortem (P < .05). These data suggest that muscle growth rates are near maximum in lambs expressing the callipyge gene, regardless of male sex condition or BAA treatment. Therefore, it seems that the callipyge gene exerts most, but not all, of its effect through intracellular events similar to those initiated by administering BAA. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 56 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 74 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TY738 UT WOS:A1996TY73800010 PM 8778114 ER PT J AU Hintz, RW Mertens, DR Albrecht, KA AF Hintz, RW Mertens, DR Albrecht, KA TI Effects of sodium sulfite on recovery and composition of detergent fiber and lignin SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Use of sodium sulfite to reduce nitrogenous contamination in fiber analysis was evaluated. The effects of sodium sulfite on analytical accuracy and precision were examined for amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), sequentially determined acid detergent fiber (sADF), and acid detergent lignin (sADL) in animal feeds. In one experiment, 0.5 g sodium sulfite was added per sample during neutral detergent (ND) extraction. The treatment consistently reduced aNDF, sADF, and sADL values of 180 alfalfa samples and improved precision (decreased within-sample variance of replicated analyses). The greatest effect was on precision of sADL analysis, with within-sample variance reduced by more than 50%. In a second experiment, 24 animal feeds were analyzed for aNDF, sADF, and sADL with and without addition of 0.5 g sodium sulfite per sample during ND extraction. Nitrogen contents of the recovered fiber fractions were determined. Sodium sulfite reduced fiber and lignin values and decreased nitrogen concentration in residues. Within-sample variance was lower in all analyses. In a third experiment, 23 animal feeds were analyzed for aNDF with sodium sulfite at 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g per sample. Average aNDF of feeds was reduced by each additional increment of sodium sulfite; however, 1.0 g sodium sulfite resulted in only a slight reduction in aNDF compared with 0.5 g. Therefore, 0.5 g sodium sulfite per sample should be added to samples prior to aNDF analysis. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Hintz, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 11 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 9 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500002 PM 8620104 ER PT J AU Soderberg, D AF Soderberg, D TI Meat and poultry and meat and poultry products SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Soderberg, D (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,ANNEX BLDG,300 12TH ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20202, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 227 EP 232 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500046 ER PT J AU Ross, PF AF Ross, PF TI Veterinary analytical toxicology SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Ross, PF (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,TOXICOL LAB,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 269 EP 270 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500067 ER PT J AU Rinderer, TE Wongsiri, S Kuang, BY Liu, JS Oldroyd, BP Sylvester, HA de Guzman, L AF Rinderer, TE Wongsiri, S Kuang, BY Liu, JS Oldroyd, BP Sylvester, HA de Guzman, L TI Comparative nest architecture of the dwarf honey bees SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE honey bees; Apis andreniformis; Apis florea; dwarf honey bees; nest architecture; Thailand; China; Philippines AB Complete descriptions using a variety of measurements are provided for nests of Apis andreniformis from south-eastern Thailand, Sichuan and Hunan Provinces of China, and Palawan, Philippines and Apis florea from southeastern Thailand and Hunan Province of China. Overall, the single-comb nest of A. andreniformis has a very different structure from that of A. florea. The comb built by A. andreniformis has a midrib both above and below the supporting branch. However, the comb built by A. florea has a mid-rib only in the brood area below the supporting branch. The honey storage mid-rib of A. andreniformis nests gives them a characteristic crown appearance. Other differences include the overall size of the nest, the width and depth of worker cells and the width of drone cells. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Biol, Bee Biol Res Unit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming, Peoples R China. Chengdu Apiculture Inst Sichuan Prov, Chengdu, Peoples R China. Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Rinderer, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1996 VL 35 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V2912 UT WOS:000168855700003 ER PT J AU Harris, JW Woodring, J Harbo, JR AF Harris, JW Woodring, J Harbo, JR TI Effects of carbon dioxide on levels of biogenic amines in the brains of queenless worker and virgin queen honey bees (Apis mellifera) SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE queen honey bees; worker honey bees; Apis mellifera; brain; feeding pollen; CO2 narcosis; amines; dopamine; octopamine; serotonin; tryptophan; tyrosine; ovarian development AB Several experiments were conducted to examine the effects of exposure to CO2 or CO2 containing 20% O-2 on the amounts of biogenic amines in the brain, and on development of ovaries in worker and queen honey bees. When workers were fed pollen and exposed to CO2, their ovaries were less developed and brain dopamine (DA), tryptophan (TRP) and tyrosine (TYR) levels were significantly reduced versus untreated controls that were also fed pollen. If workers were not fed pollen and exposed to CO2, the differences in brain amine content between untreated controls and CO2-treated workers were not significant; however, a significant reduction in brain TRP and TYR levels through time was found for both groups of workers. Treatment with CO2 stimulated free-running queens to lay eggs sooner than untreated free-running queens, but CO2 narcosis had no significant affect on queen brain chemistry. However, the brain chemistry of caged queens (many queens caged within a single colony) responded differently from free-running queens. Treatment with CO2 caused a 45% reduction in dopamine levels in the brains of free-running queens, whereas dopamine levels of caged queens were not affected by treatment with CO2. This study shows that the brain dopamine levels of workers and queens do not change to the same degree in response to CO2 treatment. For workers, this study suggests a positive relationship between brain dopamine and the extent of ovarian development. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Zool & Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Harris, JW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Zool & Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1996 VL 35 IS 2 BP 69 EP 78 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V2913 UT WOS:000168855800004 ER PT J AU Loper, GM Taylor, OR Foster, LJ Kochansky, J AF Loper, GM Taylor, OR Foster, LJ Kochansky, J TI Relative attractiveness of queen mandibular pheromone components to honey bee (Apis mellifera) drones SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE honey bee queens; drones; Apis mellifera; mating; attractants; queen pheromones; mandibular glands; trans-9-oxo-2-decanoic acid; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol; methyl para hydroxybenzoate; homovanillyl alcohol C1 USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Entomol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USDA, ARS, Insect Neurobiol & Hormone Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Loper, GM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 200 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1996 VL 35 IS 3-4 BP 122 EP 123 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V2914 UT WOS:000168855900007 ER PT J AU Kustas, WP Humes, KS Norman, JM Moran, MS AF Kustas, WP Humes, KS Norman, JM Moran, MS TI Single- and dual-source modeling of surface energy fluxes with radiometric surface temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL VEGETATION INDEXES; FIELD EXPERIMENT FIFE; PARTIAL CANOPY COVER; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; BALANCE; LAYER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CROP AB Single- and dual-source models of the surface energy transfer across the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface were used in conjunction with remotely sensed surface temperature for computing the surface energy balance over heterogeneous surfaces. Both models are relatively simple so that only a few parameters are specified, making them potentially useful for computing surface fluxes with operational satellite observations. The models were tested with datasets collected from a semiarid rangeland environment with canopy cover generally less than 50% and a subhumid tallgrass prairie environment having canopy cover typically greater than 50%. For the semiarid site, differences between the single-source and dual-source model estimates of the sensible heat flux (H) and the observations averaged about 25%. For the tallgrass prairie, the disagreement between observations and single-source model estimates of H was significantly larger, averaging nearly 55%. The average difference between observations and the dual-source model predictions for the tallgrass prairie site increased slightly from the semiarid site to 30%. The latent heat flux (LE) was determined by residual from measurements of net radiation and model estimates of the soil heat flux. For the semiarid site, the single-source model estimates of LE differed on average with the observations by about 15%, whereas the LE values computed by the dual-source model differed by about 20%. For the tallgrass prairie site, the LE values from the single-source model differed from the observations by almost 35%, on avenge, whereas the dual-source model estimates produced an average difference of about 20%. Given the fact that energy nux observations by various techniques have been found to differ by at least 20%, the single-source model performed satisfactorily for the semiarid site but had difficulty reproducing the fluxes at the tallgrass prairie site. The dual-source model, however, performed reasonably well at both sites. To obtain results comparable to the dual-source model for the tallgrass prairie site, the single-source model required significant modifications to a parameter used in estimating the roughness length for heat. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 007 BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 63 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 35 IS 1 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0110:SADSMO>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TQ567 UT WOS:A1996TQ56700011 ER PT J AU Mylona, PV Premakumar, R Pau, RN Bishop, PE AF Mylona, PV Premakumar, R Pau, RN Bishop, PE TI Characteristics of orf1 and orf2 in the anfHDGK genomic region encoding nitrogenase 3 of Azotobacter vinelandii SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2ND ALTERNATIVE NITROGENASE; STRUCTURAL GENES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; MOLYBDENUM; VANADIUM; DELETION; COFACTOR; STRAIN; NIFHDK AB In Azotobacter vinelandii, the anfHDGK operon encodes the subunits for the third nitrogenase complex. Two open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) located immediately downstream of anfK were shown to be required for diazotrophic growth under Mo- and V-deficient conditions, We have designated orf1 and orf2 anfO and anfR, respectively. Strains (CA115 and CA116) carrying in-frame deletions in anfO and anfR accumulate the subunits for nitrogenase 3 under Mo-deficient diazotrophic conditions. AnfO and AnfR are required for nitrogenase 3-dependent diazotrophic growth and N-15(2) incorporation but not for acetylene reduction. AnfO contains a putative heme-binding domain that exhibits similarity to presumed heme-binding domains of P-450 cytochromes. Amino acid substitutions of Cys-158 show that this residue is required for fully functional AnfO as measured by diazotrophic growth under Mo- and V-deficient conditions. The nucleotide sequence of the region located immediately downstream of anfR has been determined. A putative rho-independent transcription termination site has been identified 250 bp from the 3' end of anfR. A third open reading frame (orf3), located downstream of anfR, does not appear to be required for diazotrophic growth under Mo- and V-deficient conditions. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV SUSSEX,NITROGEN FIXAT LAB,BRIGHTON BN1 9RQ,E SUSSEX,ENGLAND. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 178 IS 1 BP 204 EP 208 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TM789 UT WOS:A1996TM78900028 PM 8550418 ER PT J AU Shoaf, AR Shaikh, AU Ford, JH Carlson, WC Steele, RH AF Shoaf, AR Shaikh, AU Ford, JH Carlson, WC Steele, RH TI Chemiluminescence emission during reactions between superoxide and selected aliphatic and aromatic halocarbons in aprotic media SO JOURNAL OF BIOLUMINESCENCE AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE O-2(-), superoxide; RX, organic halocarbons; CL, chemiluminescence; DPP, differential pulse polarography; reductive dehalogenation; peroxidative tissue damage; O-1(2)*, singlet oxygen ID SINGLET MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; LIVER-MICROSOMES; GENERATION; DISMUTATION; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; ANION; WATER AB The reactions between superoxide free radical anion (. O-2(-)) With the halocarbons CCl4, CHCl3, BrCH2CH2Br(EDB), decachloro-biphenyl (DCBP), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) results in the emission of chemiluminescence (CL). The chemiluminescence reactions are characterized as having biphasic second order kinetics, CL wavelengths between 350 nm and 650 nm, and exhibiting perturbation by chemicals reactive with singlet oxygen. These data suggest that singlet oxygen species are the excited state responsible for the light emissions. Polarographic studies confirm . O-2(-) consumption and halide release in the reactions, while gas liquid chromatography and NET reduction demonstrate the decomposition of the halocarbons into products. A chemiluminescent reaction mechanism is proposed involving reductive dehalogenation of the halocarbons and the generation of singlet oxygen. The significance of singlet oxygen generation is discussed with respect to a general mechanism for explaining the rapid initiation of lipid peroxidative membrane damage in halocarbon toxigenicity in animal and plant tissues. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT CHEM,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. USDA,NATL MONITORING & RESIDUE ANAL LAB,GULFPORT,MS 39503. WEYERHAEUSER CO,SO FORESTRY RES CTR,HOT SPRINGS,AR 71902. TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. RP Shoaf, AR (reprint author), WAKE FOREST UNIV,BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED,HLTH PROTECT SECT,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27157, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-05350-22] NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0884-3996 J9 J BIOLUM CHEMILUM JI J. Biolumin. Chemilumin. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 9 EP 22 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1271(199601)11:1<9::AID-BIO396>3.0.CO;2-N PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TW469 UT WOS:A1996TW46900002 PM 8686496 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Vercellotti, JR Edye, LA Clarke, MA AF Eggleston, G Vercellotti, JR Edye, LA Clarke, MA TI Effects of salts on the initial thermal degradation of concentrated aqueous solutions of sucrose SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The effects of salts and other solutes on the degradation of highly pure sucrose in concentrated aqueous solutions (similar to 65 degrees Brix or % dissolved solids) at 100 degrees C were investigated. Polarimetry and ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-IPAD) were used to quantify sucrose degradation. Pseudo-first order kinetic constants of initial degradation rates were calculated. Salt and solute effects were first considered with relation to their effect on water structure around the sucrose molecule. Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, which act to enhance water structure, slightly increased initial degradation; the latter two ions significantly increased subsequent accelerated degradation. Highly charged, small cations, e.g., Al3+, significantly increased sucrose degradation through polarized hydrated ions/acidic pH effects. Larger cations, e.g., K+, which act to reduce water structure, significantly increased degradation. The Hofmeister (lyotropic) anion order was not followed for sucrose thermal degradation effects, which indicated that anion binding to hydrophobic sites on the sucrose molecule is not critical. Other possible mechanisms of salt-induced sucrose thermal degradation are discussed. C1 SUGAR PROC RES INST INC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1080/07328309608005427 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA TV372 UT WOS:A1996TV37200008 ER PT J AU Hampson, JW AF Hampson, JW TI A recirculating equilibrium procedure for determining organic compound solubility in supercritical fluids. Anthracene in carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID PURE; SOLIDS AB An instrumental recirculation technique was developed to measure the solubility of organic compounds and thus their potential extractability, in supercritical fluids over the pressure range of 80-500 bar. Anthracene, whose solubility is well defined, was chosen as a model compound to be used in evaluating the recirculation technique. Its solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide was measured at 40, 50, and 60 degrees C using an off-line spectroscopic technique. The solubility data were found to have good precision and to agree with published results. Anthracene solubility increased with pressure but was more enhanced by higher temperature. An upper crossover pressure of the isotherms due to retrograde vaporization that agreed with theory was found at 142.2 bar. RP Hampson, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1021/je950167l PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA TQ045 UT WOS:A1996TQ04500023 ER PT J AU Bjostad, LB Jewett, DK Brigham, DL AF Bjostad, LB Jewett, DK Brigham, DL TI Sex pheromone of caddisfly Hesperophylax occidentalis (Banks) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electroantennogram; EAG; caddisfly; Trichoptera; Limnephilidae; pheromone; attractant; semiochemical; infochemical; mating; sex; volatiles ID BEHAVIOR; LEPIDOPTERA; SECRETIONS; PHYLOGENY AB The main component of the sex pheromone of the caddisfly Hesperophylax occidentalis (Banks) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) was identified as 6-methylnonan-3-one (enantiomeric composition has not yet been determined). Extracts of adult females elicited strong electroantennogram (EAG) responses from adult male antennae, but elicited significantly smaller EAG responses from adult female antennae. Extracts of adult males did not elicit appreciable EAG responses from antennae of either sex. Racemic 6-methylnonan-3-one was synthesized and elicited EAG responses from male antennae as strong as those obtained with female extracts. In field tests with baited sticky traps near lakes and streams, traps baited with synthetic racemic 6-methylnonan-3-one caught significantly more males than control traps. Female adults contained approximately 1 mu g of 6-methylnonan-3-one per individual. Related ketones and alcohols of other chain lengths were also tentatively identified, being present in tiny amounts in female extracts. Extraction of different body parts showed that 6-methylnonan-3-one occurs only in a region near the intersegmental membrane between the fourth and fifth abdominal sternites of the female (no discrete glands were observed). Extracts of males did not contain 6-methylnonan-3-one, nor did pupae of either sex. C1 USDA ARS, INSECT BIOL LAB, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV, STILLWATER, OK 74078 USA. RP Bjostad, LB (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. NR 78 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 22 IS 1 BP 103 EP 121 DI 10.1007/BF02040203 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TW396 UT WOS:A1996TW39600009 PM 24226986 ER PT J AU Jewett, DK Brigham, DL Bjostad, LB AF Jewett, DK Brigham, DL Bjostad, LB TI Hesperophylax occidentalis (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae): Electroantennogram structure-activity study of sex pheromone component 6-methylnonan-3-one SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caddisfly; limnephilid; aquatic insect; adults; EAG; attractant; antennae; analogs; chemical specificity; receptors ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; (Z)-5-DECENYL ACETATE; AGROTIS-SEGETUM; TURNIP MOTH; SINGLE-CELL; ANALOGS; LEPIDOPTERA; ENANTIOMERS; NOCTUIDAE; RESPONSES AB Electroantennogram (EAG) analyses of Hesperophylax occidentalis male and female antennae were used to generate dose-response curves for synthetic, racemic 6-methylnonan-3-one and to demonstrate the chemical specificity of male antennal olfactory cells. Male antennae responded to 6-methylnonan-3-one, the main female pheromone component. Females also demonstrated a response to 6-methylnonan-3-one, but a smaller one than males. The chemical specificity of male antennal receptors was determined by comparing EAG activity of synthetic, racemic 6-methylnonan-3-one and a series of structural analogs. The three structural parameters considered, including keto position, chain length, and methyl-group position, were demonstrated to contribute significantly to the reception of synthetic, racemic 6-methylnonan-3-one by male antennae. For straight-chain nonanones with keto groups at different positions, nonan-3-one elicited the greatest EAG responses from male antennae. For straight-chain alkan-3-ones with different chain lengths, the EAG responses of male antennae to nonan-3-one and decan-3-one were the same, but greater than those to other chain lengths. For methyl-branched nonan-3-ones, 6-methylnonan-3-one elicited greater EAG responses from antennae than analogs with the methyl group at another position. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP Jewett, DK (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 22 IS 1 BP 123 EP 137 DI 10.1007/BF02040204 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TW396 UT WOS:A1996TW39600010 PM 24226987 ER PT J AU Leshin, LS Kraeling, RR Kineman, RD Barb, CR Rampacek, GB AF Leshin, LS Kraeling, RR Kineman, RD Barb, CR Rampacek, GB TI Immunocytochemical distribution of catecholamine-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of pigs: Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE neuroanatomy; comparative neuroanatomy; dopamine; norepinephrine; swine ID HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; CONTAINING CELL-BODIES; IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GROWTH-HORMONE; PROLACTIN SECRETION; MEDULLA-OBLONGATA; SHEEP BRAIN; RAT; LOCALIZATION AB This study describes the distribution of catecholaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland of the domestic pig, Sus scrofa, an animal that is widely used as an experimental model of human physiology in addition to its worldwide agricultural importance. Hypothalamic catecholamine neurons were identified by immunocytochemical staining for the presence of the catecholamine synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the periventricular region throughout the extent of the third ventricle, the anterior and retrochiasmatic divisions of the supraoptic nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the ventral and dorsolateral regions of the paraventricular nucleus and adjacent dorsal hypothalamus, the ventrolateral arcuate nucleus, and the posterior hypothalamus. Perikarya ranged from parvicellular (10-15 mu m) to magnocellular (25-50 mu m) and were of multiple shapes (rounded, fusiform, triangular, or multipolar) and generally had two to five processes with branched arborization. No dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactive perikarya were observed within the hypothalamus or in the adjacent basal forebrain structures. Both tyrosine hydroxylase- and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers and punctate varicosities were observed throughout areas containing tyrosine hydroxylase perikarya, but dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactivity was very sparse within the median eminence. Within the pituitary gland, only tyrosine hydroxylase fibers, and not dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers, were located throughout the neurohypophyseal tract and within the posterior pituitary in both pars intermedia and pars nervosa regions. Generally, the location and patterns of both catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes were similar to those reported for other mammalian species except for the absence of the A15 dorsal group and the very sparse dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers and varicosities in the median eminence in the pig. These findings provide an initial framework for elucidating behavioral and neuroendocrine species differences with regard to catecholamine neurotransmitters. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, ATHENS, GA 30604 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RI Kineman, Rhonda/H-2221-2011 OI Kineman, Rhonda/0000-0001-7322-1152 NR 76 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9967 EI 1096-9861 J9 J COMP NEUROL JI J. Comp. Neurol. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 364 IS 1 BP 151 EP 168 PG 18 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA TQ339 UT WOS:A1996TQ33900013 PM 8789282 ER PT J AU Dimov, G Keown, JF VanVleck, LD Norman, HD AF Dimov, G Keown, JF VanVleck, LD Norman, HD TI Effect of variance of interaction effects of sire and herd on selection for milk and fat yield SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE selection; breeding values; variance of interaction ID MODEL AB The animal model for genetic evaluations of dairy cattle by the USDA currently includes a term for interaction effects of sire and herd. The relative magnitude of the variance of that effect was established in the 1960s as 14% of the total variance, but recent research has shown that the proportion is 2% or less. This report compared EBV using either the 14% or the actual estimate from 20 samples of records from herds in California, New York, and Pennsylvania. From 6 to 22% of bulls or cows selected for milk and fat yields based on evaluation with 14% of the total variance would not be selected using the sample estimates, depending on selection intensity, region, and whether only first or up to three lactations were used in the evaluations. Nevertheless, the average EBV of the bulls and cows selected based on 14% of the total variance were only slightly less than for those selected on 2%. This pilot research suggests that further study of the national data be done to establish the appropriate proportion of variance from interaction effects of sire and herd to use with national evaluations. Kinds of evaluations of bulls and ages of cows and bulls should be considered. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,ARS,USDA,LINCOLN,NE 68583. ARS,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INST ANIM SCI,BU-2232 KOSTINBROD,BULGARIA. RP Dimov, G (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 140 EP 144 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA UB626 UT WOS:A1996UB62600020 PM 8675777 ER PT J AU Krall, EA DawsonHughes, B Garcia, RI AF Krall, EA DawsonHughes, B Garcia, RI TI Association of smoking and tooth loss in men and women. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH DENT MED,VA OUTPATIENT CLIN,MEDFORD,MA 02155. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 1348 EP 1348 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80101350 ER PT J AU Wright, JL Miller, EG Binnie, WH Guo, IY Hasegawa, S AF Wright, JL Miller, EG Binnie, WH Guo, IY Hasegawa, S TI Further studies on the anticancer activity of citrus limonoids. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL DENT,DALLAS,TX 75246. USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 3346 EP 3346 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80103343 ER PT J AU Klotz, JH Moss, JI AF Klotz, JH Moss, JI TI Oral toxicity of a boric acid - Sucrose water bait to Florida carpenter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insecta; Camponotus abdominalis floridanus; control; borate AB The oral toxicity of boric acid to the Florida carpenter ant, Camponotus abdominalis floridanus (Buckley), was evaluated in laboratory tests. The ants were provided a sucrose water-based bait containing various concentrations of boric acid. Over the dosage range from 0.02 M (0.13% w/v) to 0.50 M (3.13% w/v) boric acid, median lethal times (LT(50)s) (95% CL) ranged from 9.7 (8.1-13.3) days to 1.5 (1.2-1.7) days. Over the same dosage range (0.02 M to 0.50 M), LT(90)s (95% CL) ranged hem 27.1 (18.0-59.5) days to 4.2 (3.6-5.1) days. Some of the advantages of using boric acid as a bait toxicant for ants include its delayed activity and its solubility in water. RP Klotz, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB, IMPORTED FIRE ANT & HOUSEHOLD INSECTS RES UNIT, POB 14565, GAINESVILLE, FL 32608 USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT644 UT WOS:A1996TT64400002 ER PT J AU Yonce, CE Tedders, WL Wood, BW AF Yonce, CE Tedders, WL Wood, BW TI Cold tolerance of hickory shuckworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae and associated parasites SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hickory shuckworm; Cydia caryana; cold tolerance AB Hickory shuckworm larvae, Cydia caryana (Fitch), in pecan shucks, were killed by extended periods of freezing temperature. While storage at -7 degrees C killed 88% of larvae after 32 days of exposure, -18 degrees C killed 85% after only 1 day and 100% by 8 to 16 days of exposure. Larvae exposed to cold temperatures prior to -18 degrees C exposure appeared to possess enhanced cold resistance but were still killed after 32 days of exposure. Survival of the ichneumonid parasite, Calliephialtes grapholithae (Cresson), which comprised 92% of the total of all parasites emerging from pecan shucks, was not detectably affected by exposure to cooling (3-5 degrees C) for up to 5 wks. Thereafter, when emergence began to decrease, about half of the parasites in the extended cooling treatment were viable for at least 10 wks. Conversely, 3 other parasites Phanerotoma fasciata Provancher (Braconidae), Macrocentrus instabilis Muesebeck (Braconidae), and Lixophaga mediocris Aldrich (Tachinidae), comprised the remaining 8% of total parasite emergence and survival was severely affected by extended cooling (3-5 degrees C). RP Yonce, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,111 DUNBAR RD,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT644 UT WOS:A1996TT64400003 ER PT J AU Hunter, JS Fincher, GT Sheppard, DC AF Hunter, JS Fincher, GT Sheppard, DC TI Observations on the life history of Onthophagous depressus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dung beetle; introduced species; Scarabaeidae; Onthophagus depressus; life history AB Adult Onthophagus depressus Harold constructed brood cells of cattle dung 15 to 30 cm below the soil surface. These brood cells averaged 23.1 mm long and 16.1 mm wide. Adult females deposited a single egg in the egg chamber of each brood cell. Eggs were 2.3 to 2.5 mm long and 1.1 to 1.4 mm wide. Embryonic development required 2.5 to 4.3 d; larval development (three instars) 27 d, and pupal development about 12 d. Development from egg to adult averaged 46.3 d at 25-27 degrees C. Adult beetles were captured in all months except February with peak flight activity between 2000 and 2100 h (EST). Overwintering occurred in the adult and/or pupal stage in southern Georgia. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT644 UT WOS:A1996TT64400008 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Correa, JA Canuthers, RI Legaspi, BC Nordlund, DA AF Legaspi, JC Correa, JA Canuthers, RI Legaspi, BC Nordlund, DA TI Effect of short-term releases of Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) against silverleaf whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in field cages SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chrysoperla rufilabris; Bemisia tabaci; Bemisia argentifolii; biological control; predation ID PREDATOR AB We studied the effect of different lacewing (Chrysoperla rufilabris [Burmeister] release rates on control of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, inside field cages in organically-grown watermelon and in Lablab purpureus, a leguminous forage crop, Second-instar C. rufilabris larvae mere released at rates of 0 (control), 10, 25, and 50 per cage (0.37 m(2) area). Whitefly counts were made prior to release and compared with those taken 48 h after release of the lacewings, In the watermelon field, the control had approximately 35% more whiteflies over the entire season as compared to the predator treatment with the highest whitefly counts (25 lacewings per plant). The effects of predator releases were most evident during the second half of the season. However, higher rates of predator release did not result in increased pest suppression. No significant patterns of prey suppression were detected in the legume field, possibly because prey densities were already too high at the start of the experiment. Whitefly population dynamics in the lablab was apparently determined by environmental factors and crop phenology, rather than by predation. Possible reasons are presented for observed differences in degrees of pest suppression afforded by lacewing larvae in order to optimize control of the whitefly populations. C1 USDA ARS, SUBTROP AGR RES LAB, BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT, WESLACO, TX 78596 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 102 EP 111 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT644 UT WOS:A1996TT64400012 ER PT J AU Flint, HM Leggett, JE Elhoff, L Parks, NJ Davidson, EW AF Flint, HM Leggett, JE Elhoff, L Parks, NJ Davidson, EW TI Effects of the plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride on silverleaf whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) infestations on cotton SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pix; mepiquat chloride; silverleaf whitefly; Bemisia spp; cotton AB Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., plants were treated with the plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride (Pix(TM)) in, greenhouse and field plot tests to determine its effect on infestations of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring. In the greenhouse, Pix-treated plants were significantly shorter and had thicker leaves than untreated plants by the end of the second week following application. Most of the Pix treatments caused significant reductions in adults, eggs and nymphs on leaves by fourth and final week of the test. In a separate test, leaf water potentials were equal for Pix-treated and well-watered plants which were significantly lower than for water-stressed and control plants. Pix-treated plants in two field plot tests showed the same changes in plant morphology observed in Pix-treated plants in the greenhouse. However, leaf water potentials were the same as in untreated plants and no reductions in whitefly infestations were found during the 6 to 7 wk test periods. Pix-treated plants in a third field plot test showed no changes in plant morphology or in whitefly infestations. The reduced whitefly infestations of Pix-treated plants in the greenhouse, but not in field plots, may have been due to reduced leaf water potentials in Pix-treated greenhouse plants but not in field plants. RP Flint, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 112 EP 122 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT644 UT WOS:A1996TT64400013 ER PT J AU Reeve, JD Simpson, JA Fryar, JS AF Reeve, JD Simpson, JA Fryar, JS TI Extended development in Thanasimus dubius (F) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), a predator of the southern pine beetle SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Thanasimus dubius; Dendroctonus frontalis; diapause; predator-prey dynamics; biological control ID POPULATIONS AB Thanasimus dubius (F.) is an important predator of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, a major pest of pine forests in the southern United States. We examined the development of T. dubius in the field using emergence traps, and by sampling the bark of trees previously attacked by D. frontalis. Over a 2-year period, several distinct episodes of T. dubius emergence occurred in trees enclosed by emergence traps, and bark sampling of other trees uncovered many T. dubius immatures almost 2 years after attack by D. frontalis. These results indicate that T. dubius development may be significantly longer and more variable under natural conditions than previously thought, and suggest that some individuals may undergo a diapause. RP Reeve, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 123 EP 131 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TT644 UT WOS:A1996TT64400014 ER PT J AU Ajzen, I Brown, TC Rosenthal, LH AF Ajzen, I Brown, TC Rosenthal, LH TI Information bias in contingent valuation: Effects of personal relevance, quality of information, and motivational orientation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB A laboratory experiment examined the potential for information bias in contingent valuation (CV). Consistent with the view that information about a public or private good can function as a persuasive communication, willingness to pay (WTP) was found to increase with the quality of arguments used to describe the good, especially under conditions of high personal relevance. Under low personal relevance, WTP for a public (but not for a private) good was higher when an altruistic, as opposed to an individualistic, orientation was activated. It is concluded that the nature of the information provided in CV surveys can profoundly affect WTP estimates, and that subtle contextual cues can seriously bias these estimates under conditions of low personal relevance. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA. RP Ajzen, I (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT PSYCHOL, TOBIN HALL, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. NR 18 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 30 IS 1 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.1006/jeem.1996.0004 PG 15 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TT404 UT WOS:A1996TT40400004 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ Crow, TR AF Gustafson, EJ Crow, TR TI Simulating the effects of alternative forest management strategies on landscape structure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest management planning; landscape ecology; simulation models; habitat fragmentation; forest interior; forest edge; clearcutting; age-class distribution; biological diversity; spatial pattern; scale AB Quantitative, spatial tools are needed to assess the long-term spatial consequences of alternative management strategies for land use planning and resource management. We constructed a timber harvest allocation model (HARVEST) that provides a visual and quantitative means to predict the spatial pattern of forest openings produced by alternative harvest strategies. HARVEST was used to investigate the effect on landscape structure of alternate management plans formulated for the Hoosier National Forest (HNF) in southern Indiana, U.S.A. The 1985 Forest Plan for the HNF specified primarily clearcutting across most of the forest, and the 1991 Amended Forest Plan specified primarily group selection (removal of small groups of trees), limited to a much smaller portion of the forest. We assessed the relative importance of variation in the extent and intensity of timber harvest on landscape spatial pattern. We simulated 150 years for each alternative and calculated several measures of forest spatial pattern. The total area of forest interior and the mean size of forest interior blocks declined more under the 1985 Plan than under the 1991 Plan, primarily because of the greater area dedicated to timber production in the 1985 Plan. Despite the 65% decrease in timber production in the 1991 Plan, that Plan produced almost as much forest edge as the 1985 Plan due to heavy reliance on small harvests with large perimeter-to-area ratios. Both Plans resulted in an even distribution of age classes up to the age equal to rotation length, a dramatic decline in mid-age classes, and a large area of mature forest. The restriction of harvest activity to more limited areas in the 1991 Plan appeared to have a greater effect on forest spatial pattern than did the differences in harvest intensity of the two Plans. HARVEST provides a tool to link planning alternatives with potential changes in landscape structure, commodity production, and other resource values that are spatially dependent. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, RHINELANDER, WI 54501 USA. NR 22 TC 64 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 77 EP 94 DI 10.1006/jema.1996.0008 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TQ812 UT WOS:A1996TQ81200007 ER PT J AU Singh, P Kanwar, RS Johnsen, KE Ahuja, LR AF Singh, P Kanwar, RS Johnsen, KE Ahuja, LR TI Calibration and evaluation of subsurface drainage component of RZWQM V.2.5 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TILE DRAINAGE; TILLAGE; FLOW; FERTILIZATION; NITROGEN; SOILS AB This study was designed to calibrate and evaluate the subsurface drain Bow component of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM; Version 2.5) for four tillage-systems: chisel plow (CP), moldboard plow (MB), no-tillage (NT), and ridge-tillage (RT), Measured subsurface drain flow data for 1990 was used for model calibration. Main parameters calibrated were lateral saturated hydraulic conductivity, and effective porosity, Subsurface drain flow predictions were made using calibrated parameters and compared with measured subsurface drain fleas for 1991 and 1992. Measured subsurface drain Bow data for all 3 yrs was obtained from the Nashua Water Quality Site in Iowa. The model, in general, showed a good agreement between measured and predicted subsurface drain flow values, although discrepancies existed for several days of a given year, Coefficients of determination calculated for predicted vs, measured daily subsurface drain flows ranged from 0.51 to 0.68 for 1990, 0.70 to 0.78 for 1991, and 0.54 to 0.69 for 1992. Simulated tillage effect on subsurface drain flows for 1991 and 1992 were consistent with those for calibrated year 1990 (maximum subsurface drain Bow was observed under NT and minimum under MB), However, observed tillage effects varied from year to year, indicating a change in soil hydraulic properties, e.g., macroporosity. Other factors that could have caused the discrepancies between measured and simulated subsurface drain flows were: groundwater Bur due to natural gradient, deep seepage, inaccuracies involved in the estimation of breakpoint rainfall data, and spatial variability in soil properties. C1 USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP Singh, P (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AGR & BIOSYST ENGN DEPT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TR273 UT WOS:A1996TR27300013 ER PT J AU Gaston, LA Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM AF Gaston, LA Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM TI Sorption and degradation of bentazon in conventional- and no-till Dundee soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METRIBUZIN DEGRADATION; LYSIMETER EXPERIMENTS; SURFACE; KINETICS AB Herbicides applied postemergence, such as bentazon [3-(1-methyl-ethyl)-( -ethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], reach the soil surface due to incomplete interception by the plant canopy or foliar washoff. Thus, potential off-site transport is influenced by sorption equilibrium/kinetics and degradation. This study addressed the effects of tillage practice on the sorption and degradation of C-14-labeled bentazon using Dundee silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, thermic, Aeric Ochraqualf) taken from the conventional-till (Cn and no-till (NT) treatments of a tillage experiment without bentazon exposure for more than 3 yr. Data were generated for surface and subsurface samples. The kinetics of bentazon sorption in CT surface soil were rapid, with apparent equilibrium achieved in 1 h. Furthermore, the extent of sorption was low and the equilibrium distribution of solution and sorbed bentazon could be described using a linear model. Differences in soil organic matter between tillage treatments and with depth were not reflected in sorption behavior. However, degradation was more rapid in the CT surface soil than in the corresponding NT soil and more rapid in surface than subsurface soil. In all cases, degradation proceeded with little mineralization (<3%) over the 22-d duration of these experiments, however, the amount of unextractable C-14 (80:20, CH3OH:0.01 M CaCl2 extractant) increased with time. Analysis of the extractable fraction by HPLC gave no evidence of metabolites. Bentazon degradation was approximated using simple first-order kinetics, however, the data were best described using two-compartment models. Development of a bound C-14 fraction, despite limited bentazon sorption and no evidence for extractable metabolites, suggested that metabolic intermediates exhibit high sorption affinity. RP Gaston, LA (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 120 EP 126 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TR273 UT WOS:A1996TR27300022 ER PT J AU Paige, GB Stone, JJ Lane, LJ Yakowitz, DS Hakonson, TE AF Paige, GB Stone, JJ Lane, LJ Yakowitz, DS Hakonson, TE TI Evaluation of a prototype decision support system for selecting trench cap designs SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB A computer-based prototype decision support system (PDSS) to assist the risk manager in selecting an appropriate trench cap design for waste disposal sites is evaluated. The selection of the ''best'' design among feasible alternatives requires consideration of multiple and often conflicting objectives, The methodology used in the selection process consists of: selecting and parameterizing decision variables, using data, simulation models, or expert opinion; selecting feasible trench cap design alternatives; ordering the decision variables and ranking the design alternatives, The simulation models incorporated in the PDSS are the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model which is used to simulate the trench cap water balance and the Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems (CREAMS) erosion component that is used to simulate trench cap erosion. The decision model is based on multi-objective decision theory and uses a unique approach to order the decision variables and rank the design alternatives. The PDSS is evaluated using the Hill Air Force Base landfill cover demonstration project, The water balance and surface erosion of four alternative landfill cover designs were monitored for a 4-yr period, Two of the cover designs were used to calibrate and test the simulation models, The results of the PDSS, using both data from all four designs and long-term simulations from two of the designs, illustrate the relative advantages of each of the cover designs and which cover is the ''best'' alternative for a given set of criteria and a particular importance order of those decision criteria. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,CTR ECOL RISK ASSESSMENT & MANAGEMENT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Paige, GB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 127 EP 135 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TR273 UT WOS:A1996TR27300023 ER PT J AU Paige, GB Stone, JJ Lane, LJ Hakonson, TE AF Paige, GB Stone, JJ Lane, LJ Hakonson, TE TI Calibration and testing of simulation models for evaluation of trench cap designs SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB A prototype decision support system (PDSS) using multi-objective decision theory and embedded simulation models is being developed to evaluate landfill cover designs for low-level radioactive waste disposal sites. To evaluate the performance of the PDSS, the simulation models, which are used to parameterize the decision model when data are not available, must be calibrated and tested. The two linked simulation models embedded in the PDSS are the HELP (hydrologic evaluation of landfill performance) and CREAMS (chemicals, runoff, and erosion from agricultural management systems) models, Data from a field demonstration study at Hill Air Force Base were used to calibrate the simulation models, The models were calibrated using water balance and erosion parameters for two alternative designs, a control soil cover and a modified USEPA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act design, Simulations were run using the calibrated model parameters for a 200-yr period to evaluate the long-term performance of the models. The progressive annual average for all of the output parameters was within the 95% confidence limits of the long-term mean by Year 60 for both of the cover designs evaluated, The results of the calibration and long-term evaluation of the simulation models were reasonable for the length of the data set. To fully validate and test the simulation models, other data sets of landfill covers in a variety of climates are needed. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,CTR ECOL RISK ASSESSMENT & MANAGE,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Paige, GB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 136 EP 144 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TR273 UT WOS:A1996TR27300024 ER PT J AU Baker, JM Koskinen, WC Dowdy, RH AF Baker, JM Koskinen, WC Dowdy, RH TI Volatilization of EPTC: Simulation and measurement SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL; WATER; TEMPERATURE; EVAPORATION; DEGRADATION; SURFACES; MODEL; FIELD; HEAT; FATE AB Many of the organic chemicals used in agricultural production are susceptible to loss from the soil surface to the atmosphere by volatilization. Adequate prediction of the impact of these chemicals on the environment thus requires consideration of both downward movement through the soil to groundwater and upward movement in the gas phase to the atmosphere. We developed a method to mechanistically simulate volatilization within the framework of a conventionally formulated solute transport model and used it to simulate the gas-phase losses of EPTC, a commonly used volatile herbicide. The model considers efflux of a trace gas at the soil surface to be a process of unsteady diffusion, interrupted intermittently by dispersive events that can be thought of as eddies at the innermost scale. Model results were compared to measurements of volatilization during the first 7 d following application of EPTC, conducted with a Bowen ratio system in a 17-ha field at Rosemount, MN. The measurements indicated a relatively large initial flux (ca. 150 g ha(-1) h(-1)) that rapidly decreased to negligible levels within a day following application. The model agreed reasonably well on the first day, if a measured value for Henry's constant was used rather than a value estimated from the saturation vapor pressure and the solubility. However, on subsequent days the model considerably overestimated volatilization, regardless of the Henry's constant that was used. It is likely that hysteresis in sorption/desorption, particularly as surface soil dries following herbicide incorporation, may be the primary reason why volatile losses are lower than might be predicted on the basis of equilibrium partitioning theory. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Baker, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 169 EP 177 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TR273 UT WOS:A1996TR27300028 ER PT J AU Yates, SR Gan, J Ernst, FF Mutziger, A Yates, MV AF Yates, SR Gan, J Ernst, FF Mutziger, A Yates, MV TI Methyl bromide emissions from a covered field .1. Experimental conditions and degradation in soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB An experiment is described to investigate the environmental fate and transport of methyl bromide in agricultural systems. The experiment was designed to determine the dynamics of methyl bromide movement through soil, degradation, and total emissions to the atmosphere. This is of particular interest because it will allow an assessment of the environmental impacts (i.e., stratospheric ozone depletion) resulting from the agricultural use of methyl bromide. Methyl bromide was applied at a rate of 843 kg in a 3.5-ha (i.e., 240 kg/ha) field at a depth of 0.25 m and covered with a sheet of 1-mil polyethylene plastic. The maximum methyl bromide concentration in the atmosphere occurred at night between 0200 and 0600 h. During the first 3 d of the experiment, the maximum daily concentrations at 0.2 m above the soil surface were 30, 5, and 1 mg/(m(3) of air), respectively. The trend of reduced emissions with time continued until the plastic was removed, when a momentary increase in the methyl bromide emissions occurred. The maximum soil gas concentration 24 h after injection was 30 g/m(3) located at a 0.25-m depth. When the plastic was removed from the field (at 5.6 d), the maximum soil gas concentration was approximately 2 g/m(3) at a 0.5-m depth. A mass-difference method for estimating the total methyl bromide emissions from the soil, based on degradation of methyl bromide to Br-, indicates that approximately 39% or 325 kg (+/-164 kg) of the applied methyl bromide was converted to Br- and, therefore, 61% or 518 kg (+/-164 kg) was lost via volatilization. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL PHYS & PESTICIDE RES UNIT,US SALIN LAB,450 BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 16 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 184 EP 192 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TR273 UT WOS:A1996TR27300030 ER PT J AU Yates, SR Ernst, FF Gan, J Gao, F Yates, MV AF Yates, SR Ernst, FF Gan, J Gao, F Yates, MV TI Methyl bromide emissions from a covered field .2. Volatilization SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING PESTICIDE EVAPORATION; GASEOUS MASS-TRANSFER; INHOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SOIL; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL AB An experiment to investigate the environmental fate and transport of methyl bromide in agricultural fields is described. The methyl bromide volatilization rate was determined as a function of time for conditions where methyl bromide was applied at a rate of 843 kg in a 3.5-ha (i.e., 240 kg/ha) field covered with plastic at a depth of 25 cm, Three methods were used to estimate the methyl bromide volatilization rate, including: the aerodynamic, theoretical profile shape and integrated horizontal flux methods. The highest methyl bromide volatilization rates were at the beginning of the experiment. Within the first 24 h, approximately 36% of the applied methyl bromide mass was lost. Diurnally, the largest volatilization rates occurred during the day when temperatures were high and the atmosphere was unstable, Cooler temperatures, light winds, and neutral to stable atmospheric conditions were present at night, reducing the Bur. The total emission calculated using these methods was found to be approximately 64% (+/-10%) of the applied mass, A mass balance was calculated using each flux estimation technique and several methods for analyzing the data. The average mass recovery using all the Bur methods was 867 kg (+/-83 kg), which was 102.8% (+/-9.8%) of the applied mass (i.e., 843 kg). The range in the mass balance percent (i.e., percent of applied mass that is measured) is from 88 to 112%. The averaged mass balance percent for the aerodynamic method, which involved using the measured data directly, was approximately 100.8%. The total emission calculated using the aerodynamic method was found to be approximately 62% (+/-11%) of the applied mass. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL PHYS & PESTICIDE RES UNIT,US SALIN LAB,450 BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 28 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 192 EP 202 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TR273 UT WOS:A1996TR27300031 ER PT J AU Yoon, KS Shirmohammadi, A Yoo, KH Rawls, WJ AF Yoon, KS Shirmohammadi, A Yoo, KH Rawls, WJ TI Simulation of tillage effect on runoff and nutrient losses with the continuous version of answers model SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article ID SOIL LOSS; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; WATERSHEDS; SEDIMENT; CORN; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS; EROSION; MANAGEMENT; CROP AB A Continuous version of distributed parameter model, ANSWERS (ANSWERS 2000) was applied to a field-sized watershed planted to cotton in the Limestone Valley region of northern Alabama. The field was cultivated for three years with conventional tillage followed by three years of conservation tillage. Overall, the ANSWERS model simulated runoff and nutrient losses in surface runoff within an acceptable range for the conventional tillage system conditions in continuous simulation mode. But the sediment losses predicted by ANSWERS were initially on the order of fifteen times or more higher than measured regardless of tillage systems. In order to duplicate measured data, the sediment detachment coefficient of rainfall and flow had to be reduced for calibration. The model poorly predicted soluble nutrient losses for the conservation tillage system due to the model's weakness in representing the surface application of fertilizer under this practice. The model simulates only one soil layer, in which soil moisture, nutrient concentration, and soil characteristics are assumed homogeneous. Currently, the model does not consider vertical nutrient concentration variation in soil profile. During the conservation tillage system, corn stalk and the residue of a winter cover crop were spread on the soil surface. However, the model did not properly represent surface spreading of crop residue, thus the model was unable to consider the organic-nitrogen contribution from crop residue to the erodible soil surface. This resulted in poor prediction of sediment-bound TKN, especially for conservation tillage system. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Yoon, KS (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 687 EP 718 PG 32 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UB086 UT WOS:A1996UB08600011 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS AF Banuelos, GS TI Managing high levels of boron and selenium with trace element accumulator crops SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; FLY-ASH; CALIFORNIA; PLANTS; SOILS; VOLATILIZATION; SALINITY; SELENATE; REMOVAL AB High concentrations of native extractable boron (B) and selenium (Se) found in some soil environments are detrimental to sustainable agriculture in many parts of the western U.S. As part of a strategy to reduce the impact of this problem, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to study B and Se uptake in the following plant species used for bioremediation: Astragalus incanus L. (no common name), Creeping saltbush (Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. L.), Old Man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia Lindl. L.), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), and kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). In Experiment I, all five plant species, especially Indian mustard, accumulated and lowered soil Se concentrations more effectively when grown in selenate-treated soil than selenite-treated soil. In Experiment II, plant tissue concentrations of Se and B in Indian mustard increased proportionally to concentrations of Se and B in water culture. In Experiment III, Indian mustard, canola, and tall fescue accumulated and lowered native soil Se and B concentrations when grown under greenhouse conditions. In Experiment IV, Indian mustard accumulated the highest concentration of native soil Se and kenaf accumulated the highest concentration of native soil B under field conditions. Vegetation management with any of the above plant species should be considered as a bioremediation tool for removing boron or selenium from contaminated soils. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), ARS,USDA,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1996 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1196 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UP745 UT WOS:A1996UP74500017 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD AF Wauchope, RD TI Pesticides in runoff: Measurement, modeling, and mitigation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Chemistry and the Environment - Pesticide Chemistry for Sustainable Agriculture CY MAY, 1995 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Federat European Chem Soc, Working Grp Chem & Environm, Hungarian Chem Soc DE herbicides; pesticides; runoff; water quality; erosion; turf ID GROUNDWATER; SYSTEMS AB Agricultural pesticide runoff has been investigated at four scales: laboratory research on processes, microplot and mesoplot studies under simulated rainfall, and field/watershed studies under natural rainfall. Because rainfall and hydrology may be controlled, the intermediate scales (meso- and microplots) are becoming accepted techniques for efficiently estimating the risk of runoff of a pesticide as a function of weather, soil, pesticide properties and cropping practice, and as a way to calibrate simulation models. The prediction desired-the probability distribution of both chronic and acute levels of pesticides in aquatic ecosystems and drinking water sources-depends on a large number of interacting processes and state variables. A complex computer simulation model is required to sort out the possibilities and to define the most important controlling factors. Thus, runoff experiments at different scales and model development and validation are mutually dependent enterprises. RP Wauchope, RD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31794, USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1080/03601239609372994 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA UP018 UT WOS:A1996UP01800006 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Abbas, HK Duke, MV Lee, HJ Vaughn, KC Amagasa, T Tanaka, T AF Duke, SO Abbas, HK Duke, MV Lee, HJ Vaughn, KC Amagasa, T Tanaka, T TI Microbial phytotoxins as potential herbicides SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Chemistry and the Environment - Pesticide Chemistry for Sustainable Agriculture CY MAY, 1995 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Federat European Chem Soc, Working Grp Chem & Environm, Hungarian Chem Soc DE AAL-toxin; cornexistin; cyperin; mode of action; tentoxin ID TENTOXIN AB Microbes are sources of a diverse array of phytotoxic compounds. These compounds are generally structurally different from commercial herbicides, targeting different molecular sites of action within the plant. These novel structures and sites can be excellent leads for the discovery and development of safer synthetic herbicides. Microbial phytotoxins are often more environmentally benign than synthetic herbicides. Examples of phytotoxins from fungi (AAL-toxin, cornexistin, cyperin, and tentoxin) with novel structures and sites of action are discussed. AAL-toxin is toxic to a wide variety of weeds at very low dose rates. AAL-toxin and many of its analogues kill plants by inhibiting a ceramide synthase-like enzyme, causing rapid accumulation of free sphingoid bases that disrupt membranes. Cornexistin appears to be metabolically cnverted to an inhibitor of certain aspartate amino transferase isoenzymes. Its activity can be reversed by feeding aspartate and glutamate or with tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Its activity is much like that of (aminooxy)acetate. Cyperin is a diphenylether phytotoxin that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase, but does not kill plants by this mechanism. It appears to have other effects on porphyrin metabolism. Tentoxin is toxic by two mechanisms. It disrupts chloroplast development by inhibiting the processing of a nuclear-coded plastid protein, and it also inhibits photophosphorylation by acting as an energy transfer inhibitor of coupling factor 1 ATPase. Other examples of phytotoxins from microbes with promise as herbicides will be mentioned. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1080/03601239609373003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA UP018 UT WOS:A1996UP01800015 ER PT J AU Mojasevic, M Helling, CS Gish, TJ Doherty, MA AF Mojasevic, M Helling, CS Gish, TJ Doherty, MA TI Persistence of seven pesticides as influenced by soil moisture SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Chemistry and the Environment - Pesticide Chemistry for Sustainable Agriculture CY MAY, 1995 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Federat European Chem Soc, Working Grp Chem & Environm, Hungarian Chem Soc DE pesticides; persistence; degradation in soil AB Pesticides are often applied in combination, but less-often is soil persistence measured this way. The present field and laboratory study determined relative persistence of five herbicides and two insecticides, co-applied, as a function of three soil water contents. Losses were modeled adequately by first-order dissipation, with no significant improvement by using a two-compartment model. The order of persistence in a silt loam, at 25% moisture, was carbofuran < cyanazine < metribuzin = alachlor < atrazine < ethoprop < metolachlor (t(1/2) ranged from 7-91 days). Carbofuran degradation increased greatly from 12-25% soil moisture; atrazine was unaffected by 12-35%, whereas the remaining compounds showed limited increasing loss in wetter soil. Field-based persistence was more variable, but generally similar to lab rankings. C1 USDA ARS,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Mojasevic, M (reprint author), UNIV BELGRADE,FAC AGR,YU-11081 ZEMUN,YUGOSLAVIA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.1080/03601239609373009 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA UP018 UT WOS:A1996UP01800021 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, RE Roberts, JJ AF Wilkinson, RE Roberts, JJ TI Wheat leaf epicuticular characteristics as rust inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Chemistry and the Environment - Pesticide Chemistry for Sustainable Agriculture CY MAY, 1995 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Federat European Chem Soc, Working Grp Chem & Environm, Hungarian Chem Soc DE wheat; leaf rust; trichomes; calcium; preinfection AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) trichomes influence wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm.) germling elongation as a function of the external element (i.e. - Ca, Si, P, CI) concentration. Basal cells of multicellular trichomes have a high Ca content; and, Ca2+ has been shown to inhibit elongation of primary roots. Evaluation of epicuticular wax composition in the intracellular areas of epidermal cells might explain the disorganized growth in those locations. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP Wilkinson, RE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 591 EP 598 DI 10.1080/03601239609373023 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA UP018 UT WOS:A1996UP01800035 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Watts, DW AF Novak, JM Watts, DW TI Solid-phase extraction and GC analyses of select agricultural pesticides and metabolites in stream water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE solid-phase extraction; pesticides; metabolites; GC; stream water ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALACHLOR; CARTRIDGES; HERBICIDES; C-18 AB The occurrence of agricultural pesticides in surface waters around the USA has created a concern over the status of safe drinking water. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) or liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is usually employed to concentrate trace levels of pesticides in water samples to concentrations that are measurable with advanced chromatographic instruments. We describe here a SPE and capillary gas chromatographic (GC) procedure to extract and concentrate trace levels of select agricultural pesticides and metabolites from stream water. Our SPE and GC method provides high sensitivity, with recoveries between 85% to 95%, and high reproducibility for 9 of the pesticides studied. The described method provided marginal recoveries of 19 and 60% for the atrazine metabolites. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,COATAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,2611 W LUCAS ST,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1996 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1171 EP 1187 DI 10.1080/03601239609373060 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VQ767 UT WOS:A1996VQ76700002 ER PT J AU Sachs, MM Subbaiah, CC Saab, IN AF Sachs, MM Subbaiah, CC Saab, IN TI Anaerobic gene expression and flooding tolerance in maize SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE maize; anoxia; flooding; stress ID ZEA-MAYS-L; XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLYCOSYLASE ACTIVITY; SPACE AERENCHYMA FORMATION; RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS; PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ENDOXYLOGLUCAN TRANSFERASE; MATRIX POLYSACCHARIDES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY AB Anaerobic treatment dramatically alters the pattern of gene expression in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings, During anaerobiosis there is an immediate repression of pre-existing protein synthesis and the simultaneous selective synthesis of four polypeptides with a molecular weight of similar to 33 kDa (the transition polypeptides), After 90 min, this is followed by specific transcription and mRNA accumulation as well as the selective synthesis of approximately 20 anaerobically-induced proteins, Among these anaerobic proteins (ANPs) are enzymes involved in glycolysis and related processes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) aldolase, enolase, glucose-phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and sucrose synthase, However, two genes, inducible by oxygen deprivation, have been found that have different functions, One that has homology to xyloglucan endotransglycosylase may be involved in aerenchyma formation during flooding, The anaerobic response is most likely a plant's natural reaction to flooding, A similar condition has been observed in every plant species analysed to date. The anaerobic response and flooding tolerance in maize has been analysed using a combination of molecular, biochemical and genetic approaches, The studies include the characterization of anaerobically inducible genes, the identification of genes involved in flooding tolerance, and analysis of the signal transduction events that are involved in the perception of oxygen deprivation and lead to the anaerobic response. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Sachs, MM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,TURNER HALL,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 113 TC 182 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 47 IS 294 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1093/jxb/47.1.1 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TW470 UT WOS:A1996TW47000001 ER PT J AU Hayati, R Egli, DB CraftsBrandner, SJ AF Hayati, R Egli, DB CraftsBrandner, SJ TI Independence of nitrogen supply and seed growth in soybean: Studies using an in vitro culture system SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE seed N demand; seed dry matter accumulation; in vitro culture ID MAX L MERRILL; PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION; NMR DETERMINATION; AMINO-ACIDS; COTYLEDONS; CARBON; YIELD; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; ENDOSPERM AB The effect of N supply on soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) seed growth was investigated using an in vitro liquid culture system. Sucrose was maintained at 200 mM and N was supplied by asparagine and methionine in a 6.25:1 molar ratio, Media N concentrations from zero to 270 mM had little effect on cultured cotyledon dry matter accumulation rate for 7 or 14 d, but rates approached zero after 21 d when there was no N in the media. Only 17 mM N was required for maximum cotyledon growth rate up to 21 d. Cotyledon N accumulation and concentration increased in direct proportion to the N concentration in the media. The N concentration in cotyledons from a high protein genotype was higher than a normal genotype at all media N levels (0-270 mM). Soluble sugar and oil concentrations in the cotyledons were highest at zero media N and decreased as media N increased. These data suggest that the concept of seed N demand, which is thought to cause senescence in soybean, is incorrect. Soybean seeds can accumulate dry matter without accumulating N and apparently need only minimal supplies of N (17 mM) to maintain the metabolic enzymes necessary to sustain dry matter accumulation. Genetic differences in seed protein concentration seem to be regulated by the cotyledons not the supply of N. C1 UNIV SRIWIJAYA,FAK PERTANIAN,SUMATERA SELATAN,INDONESIA. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. ARS,USDA,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 41 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 47 IS 294 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1093/jxb/47.1.33 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TW470 UT WOS:A1996TW47000004 ER PT J AU Sreenath, HK Shah, AB Yang, VW Gharia, MM Jeffries, TW AF Sreenath, HK Shah, AB Yang, VW Gharia, MM Jeffries, TW TI Enzymatic polishing of jute/cotton blended fabrics SO JOURNAL OF FERMENTATION AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE jute-cotton fabric; enzymatic polishing; surface protruding fiber ID ENZYMES AB Jute is a strong, stiff, natural fiber. When blended with cotton it makes a sturdy but prickly fabric due to protruding surface jute fibers. Samples of jute-cotton blended fabric were treated with commercial cellulases, xylanases and pectinases individually and in combination at various concentrations in order to smooth and soften the fabric. Enzyme treatment was carried out at 50 degrees C in the presence of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) for 3 h. Enzymatic activities were evaluated by the release of reducing sugars and changes in surface appearance of the fabric. Addition of commercial cellulases alone extensively removed protruding jute and cotton fibers from the fabric, whereas addition of commercial pectinases or xylanases mainly loosened the protruding long jute fiber bundle. Combined treatment of pectinases and xylanases with reduced amounts of cellulases was equally effective as high levels of cellulases in the removal of surface protruding fibers. The amount of reducing sugar released correlated with removal of fibers from the fabric surface. Thus, the fabric surface was smoother in enzyme-treated samples compared to untreated control and treated with mixtures of enzymes were more effective than cellulase alone. C1 INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC FERMENTATION BIOENGINEERING, JAPAN PI OSAKA PA OSAKA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, 2-1 YAMADAOKA, SUITA, OSAKA 565, JAPAN SN 0922-338X J9 J FERMENT BIOENG JI J. Ferment. Bioeng. PY 1996 VL 81 IS 1 BP 18 EP 20 DI 10.1016/0922-338X(96)83113-8 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA TU993 UT WOS:A1996TU99300004 ER PT J AU Hsu, AF Lum, C Tu, SI AF Hsu, AF Lum, C Tu, SI TI The effect of trinitrophenyl nucleotide derivatives on the adenosine triphosphatase activities in maize tonoplast vesicles SO JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATPASE ACTIVITIES; H+-ATPASE; INHIBITION; ROOTS AB The effects of trinitrophenyl (TNP) derivatives of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) on the coupled activities of the tonoplast ATPase in corn roots were investigated. The addition of TNP-ATP at micromolar concentrations (0.5-0.25 mM) significantly decreased both the ATP hydrolytic activity and the coupled proton pumping activity. The presence of TNP-ATP resulted in an increased Km for ATP and a reduced maximum enzyme velocity. Unlike TNP-ATP that strongly inhibited proton transport at law concentration, TNP-ADP inhibited this activity only slightly. TNP-AMP stimulated proton transport at low concentrations. ADP and IMP inhibited the initial rate of proton transport in a different manner. The concentrations required to inhibit half of the initial rate of proton transport activity for ADP and AMP were 80 mu M and 2 mM, respectively. The results suggest that tonoplast vesicles may contain at least two kinds of nucleotide binding sites. RP Hsu, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS, PLANT SOIL BIOPHYS & CORE TECHNOL RES UNIT, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, WYNDMOOR, PA 19038 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-8884 J9 J FOOD BIOCHEM JI J. Food Biochem. PY 1996 VL 20 IS 5 BP 417 EP 427 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1996.tb00565.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA WU494 UT WOS:A1997WU49400005 ER PT J AU Foegeding, PM Roberts, T AF Foegeding, PM Roberts, T TI Assessment of risks associated with foodborne pathogens: An overview of a council for agricultural science and technology report SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Trends in Food Microbiology, at the 1994 IAMFES Annual Meeting CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1994 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitarians DE foodborne pathogens; food safety; quantitative risk assessment; HACCP AB A review is presented of a report published by the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology and entitled Foodborne Pathogens: Risks and Consequences. The risk assessment approach provided the framework to define the hazard and occurrence of foodborne disease as well as the estimated economic consequences. Fifteen recommendations are detailed, including that food safety policy should be based on risk assessment, that control practices should be applied from food source to consumption, that and fundamental and applied food safety research is needed. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP Foegeding, PM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,BOX 7624,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PY 1996 SU S BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA UB894 UT WOS:A1996UB89400004 ER PT J AU Kindred, TP AF Kindred, TP TI Risk analysis and its application in FSIS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Trends in Food Microbiology, at the 1994 IAMFES Annual Meeting CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1994 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitarians DE risk analysis; risk assessment; food regulation; FSIS AB Risk analysis has become a well established field in the United States during the past two decades; it is used very effectively in several application areas to assess and manage risk. Advances in the application of risk analysis to a wider range of hazards, including biological hazards, and scenarios are now occurring. Definitions of risk analysis terms (including risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication) have been developed along with the rationale, purpose, and need for risk analysis in regulation. Generic principles and applications are presented. A risk analysis program for foodborne hazards is being developed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. A food risk analysis program for meat and poultry is being designed and some potential projects for risk assessment have been selected. All types of foodborne hazards (biological chemical, and physical) will be addressed in the new program. A general overview of risk assessment procedures and the organizational structure for the program are presented. National and international food risk analysis activities by the FSIS are summarized. The Agency expects the new risk analysis program to facilitate the regulation of PSIS-inspected food products. RP Kindred, TP (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,SCI & TECHNOL PROGRAM,300 12TH ST,SW,ROOM 305,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PY 1996 SU S BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA UB894 UT WOS:A1996UB89400005 ER PT J AU Buchanan, RL Whiting, RC AF Buchanan, RL Whiting, RC TI Risk assessment and predictive microbiology SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Trends in Food Microbiology, at the 1994 IAMFES Annual Meeting CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1994 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitarians DE modeling; risk analysis ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; PH AB The need and desirability of being able to perform quantitative microbial risk assessments for food processing and preparation operations has been discussed extensively for the past several years. However, there has been little application of this approach in large part due to the need to account for the changes in bacterial populations as a result of food environments and processing. The use of predictive food microbiology models has the potential for overcoming these limitations. Through integration of predictive modeling with risk assessment, it is possible to estimate how changes in unit operations are likely to effect the overall safety of a food. Hypothetical examples of how these techniques could be applied to both single-step and multiple-step food-processing and preparation operations are provided. RP Buchanan, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PY 1996 SU S BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA UB894 UT WOS:A1996UB89400006 ER PT J AU Post, RC AF Post, RC TI Regulatory perspective of the USDA on the use of antimicrobials and inhibitors in foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Trends in Food Microbiology, at the 1994 IAMFES Annual Meeting CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1994 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitarians DE antimicrobials; microbial inhibitors; regulation by USDA AB The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is directly involved in the changes occurring in food ingredient use. FSIS responds to petitions from industry, trade groups, academia, and other research organizations for the use of new ingredients and the new use of existing ingredients in meat and poultry products. The agency confirms the safety and evaluates the technical efficacy of food ingredients intended for use in meat or poultry products. While FSIS maintains its own list of approved substances separate from that maintained by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), FSIS seeks guidance and concurrence from FDA on ingredient approvals. Several trends have spurred the creativity in ingredient use, viz., globalization, labeling reform, a ''marketing quality'' concept, and industry and consumer concerns for safe, healthy ingredients, all of which translates to safe and healthy foods. The trend for safe and healthy foods is seen in the increased interest in the use of preservatives, particularly antimicrobial agents. To date, only a limited number of antimicrobial substances have been approved for direct use in meat and poultry products. However, there is a growing interest in antibacterial substances produced by certain strains of bacteria, e.g., nisin, a bacteriocin, for use in meat and poultry products. The use and application of these ingredients will require an integrated review by both FSIS and FDA before applications to meat and poultry are possible. RP Post, RC (reprint author), USDA,FOOD STANDARDS & INGREDIENTS BRANCH,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,200 C ST,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PY 1996 SU S BP 78 EP 81 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA UB894 UT WOS:A1996UB89400013 ER PT J AU McHugh, TH Huxsoll, CC Krochta, JM AF McHugh, TH Huxsoll, CC Krochta, JM TI Permeability properties of fruit puree edible films SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fruit; peach; puree; edible film; permeability ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; FATTY-ACID AB The potential of fruit purees as edible mass transfer barriers was studied. Water vapor and oxygen permeabilities (WVP and O2P) of peach puree films were evaluated at different relative humidities (RH) and temperatures (T). Peach purse was not a good water barrier. Peach and apricot films exhibited lower WVPs than pear and apple films. Calcium addition, RH increases and 7 decreases resulted in increased WVP values for peach puree edible films. WVPs of peach films were compared with other edible and synthetic films. Peach puree films were good oxygen barriers. RH increases resulted in exponential increases in O2P. Most edible and many synthetic polymers showed higher O(2)Ps at equivalent conditions. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT FOOD SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP McHugh, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 35 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 61 IS 1 BP 88 EP 91 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb14732.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA TZ119 UT WOS:A1996TZ11900021 ER PT J AU Johnson, PW AF Johnson, PW TI The Natural Resources Conservation Service: Changing to meet the future SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP Johnson, PW (reprint author), USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,14TH & INDEPENDENCE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 94 IS 1 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TP169 UT WOS:A1996TP16900007 ER PT J AU Mohai, P Jakes, P AF Mohai, P Jakes, P TI The forest service in the 1990s - Is it headed in the right direction? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Mohai, P (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 94 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TP169 UT WOS:A1996TP16900011 ER PT J AU Sheppard, WS Rinderer, TE Meixner, MD Yoo, HR Stelzer, JA Schiff, NM Kamel, SM Krell, R AF Sheppard, WS Rinderer, TE Meixner, MD Yoo, HR Stelzer, JA Schiff, NM Kamel, SM Krell, R TI Hinfl variation in mitochondrial DNA of old world honey see subspecies SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; BEE POPULATIONS; ALLOZYME VARIABILITY; HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMORPHISM; PENINSULA; CARNICA AB Intraspecific taxonomy of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, delineates about two dozen subspecies or geographic races occurring throughout the original range in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, Variation in behavior, morphology, and genetic markers has been reported among the subspecies and has been used to assess the racial origins of introduced populations in the New World and Australia, We examined mitochondrial DNA variation among endemic honey bee subspecies using the restriction enzyme Hinfl, Twenty different mtDNA haplotypes were identified and their distribution among and within the subspecies improved resolution of relationships among some racial groups and provided unambiguous identification of some taxa. C1 USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820. UNIV FRANKFURT,POLYTECH GESELL,INST BIENENKUNDE,OBERURSEL,GERMANY. SUEZ CANAL UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT PLANT PROTECT,ISMAILIA,EGYPT. SPERIMENTALE ZOOL AGR,SEZ APICOLTURA,ROME,ITALY. RP Sheppard, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 87 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA TY736 UT WOS:A1996TY73600007 ER PT J AU Simon, PW AF Simon, PW TI Inheritance and expression of purple and yellow storage root color in carrot SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID SUGAR AB Inheritance of purple and yellow storage root pigmentation was studied in F-2 and BC generations derived from carrot plant introductions. Purple and yellow root colors were each conditioned by single dominant loci, P-1 and Y-2. P-1 is described for the first time. Differences in expressivity of P-1 were noted within storage roots and throughout the plant. Purple root and flower pigmentation were inherited together in derivatives of PI 173687, but PI 175719 purple-rooted derivatives had no purple flower pigmentation. This suggests two different alleles of P-1. Purple node color was conditioned by a second locus, P-2, which was linked to P-1 and separated by approximately 36 cM. Purple leaves, petioles, and bracts tended to be inherited together and independently of root pigmentation. Y-2, which has been described previously, conditioned low carotene content of the storage root xylem (''core'') in high carotene orange background whereas in lower carotene orange background the yellow appearance often spread into phloem. P-1 and Y-2 were not linked to each other or to Rs. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 87 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA TY736 UT WOS:A1996TY73600011 ER PT J AU Wilson, JP AF Wilson, JP TI A recessive homeotic mutant in pearl millet SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID QUALITATIVE TRAITS; GENETICS AB A phylloid homeotic mutant was observed and selected from a segregating breeding population of pearl millet, Segregation of panicle phenotype fit a 3:1 normal/mutant ratio in F-2 progeny and 1:1 normal/mutant ratio in testcross progeny. The mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive allele, designated phm, The mutant phenotype is expressed by plants in field and greenhouse environments. The genetic stock can be used as an easily identifiable marker in linkage studies and in studies of floral morphogenesis in pearl millet. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 87 IS 1 BP 66 EP 67 PG 2 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA TY736 UT WOS:A1996TY73600012 ER PT J AU Urban, JF Fayer, R Chen, SJ Gause, WC Gately, MK Finkelman, FD AF Urban, JF Fayer, R Chen, SJ Gause, WC Gately, MK Finkelman, FD TI IL-12 protects immunocompetent and immunodeficient neonatal mice against infection with Cryptosporidium parvum SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL STIMULATORY FACTOR; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IFN-GAMMA; INTERLEUKIN-12; RESISTANCE; INDUCTION; HOSTS AB The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum (Cp) causes diarrhea that can be acutely severe in immunocompetent persons and can become chronic and life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals. Because studies in mice have implicated lFN-gamma in protection against this parasite, and IL-12 can induce IFN-gamma production, we examined the ability of IL-12 to prevent or cure Cp infection in neonatal BALB/c and SCID mice. Treatment of both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice with IL-12 before experimental inoculation with Cp oocysts prevented or greatly reduced the severity of infection. Intestinal epithelial cell invasion and/or early intracellular development of Cp was inhibited by exogenous IL-12. The protective effect of IL-12 was completely blocked by anti-IFN-gamma mAb. Established infections were associated with elevated IFN-gamma gene expression and were not ameliorated by IL-12 treatment, even though such treatment further enhanced IFN-gamma gene expression. The severity of Cp infection was, however, exacerbated by treatment with anti-IL-12 Ab. These observations provide the first evidence that treatment with exogenous IL-12 can prevent Cp infection through an IFN-gamma-dependent, specific immune system-independent mechanism, and that endogenous IL-12 production has a role in limiting Cp infection. C1 USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,DEPT INFLAMMAT AUTOIMMUNE DIS,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI-21328] NR 32 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 156 IS 1 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA TM171 UT WOS:A1996TM17100036 PM 8598471 ER PT J AU Asghari, A Bothast, RJ Doran, JB Ingram, LO AF Asghari, A Bothast, RJ Doran, JB Ingram, LO TI Ethanol production from hemicellulose hydrolysates of agricultural residues using genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain KO11 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethanol; E-coli; biomass; lignocellulose; pentose; hemicellulose ID ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; FUEL ETHANOL; GENES; PREHYDROLYSATE; FERMENTATION AB Hemicellulose hydrolysates of the agricultural residues bagasse, corn stover, and corn hulls plus fibers were readily fermented to ethanol by recombinant Escherichia coli strain K011, Corn steep liquor and crude yeast autolysate served as excellent nutrients, Fermentations were substantially complete within 48 h, often achieving over 40 g ethanol L(-1). Ethanol yields ranged from 86% to over 100% of the maximum theoretical yield (0.51 g ethanol g sugar(-1)). C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MICROBIOL & CELL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. BIOENERGY INT LC,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 36 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 10 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1007/BF01569920 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TY357 UT WOS:A1996TY35700007 ER PT J AU Miller, JS Howard, RW Nguyen, T Nguyen, A Rosario, RMT StanleySamuelson, W AF Miller, JS Howard, RW Nguyen, T Nguyen, A Rosario, RMT StanleySamuelson, W TI Eicosanoids mediate nodulation responses to bacterial infections in larvae of the tenebrionid beetle, Zophobas atratus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mediators of Insect Immunity, at the 1994 National Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY 1994 CL DALLAS, TX SP Entomol Soc Amer DE immunity; nodulation; eicosanoids; Zophobas atratus; phospholipase A(2) ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; NODULE FORMATION; MANDUCA-SEXTA; INSECTS; METABOLISM; COLEOPTERA; HEMOCYTES; IMMUNITY; PATTERNS AB Nodulation is the temporally and quantitatively predominant cellular defense response to bacterial infection in insects and other invertebrates, Inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis in larvae of the tenebrionid beetle, Zophobas atratus, immediately prior to intrahemocoelic injections with heat killed preparations of the bacterium, Serratia marcescens, strongly reduced the nodulation response, Separate treatments with specific inhibitors of phospholipase A2(,) cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase reduced nodulation, supporting the view that nodule formation is a complex process involving both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products, The inhibitory effects of the phospholipase A(2) inhibitor, dexamethasone, on nodulation were apparent 1 h after infection, and the effects increased, relative to controls, over 24 h, The dexamethasone effects were expressed in a dose-dependent manner, and they were reversed by treating bacteria injected insects with the eicosanoid-precursor polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), Treatments with the saturated fatty acid, 16:0, which is not an eicosanoid precursor, did not reverse the dexamethasone effects on nodulation, The insects contain low levels of three eicosanoid precursor polyunsaturated fatty acids in six different tissues, and fat body preparations are competent to produce both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products, These findings strongly support the identification of nodulation as a specific insect cellular defense mechanism that is mediated by eicosanoids. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,INSECT BIOCHEM PHYSIOL LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,USGMRL,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 23 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 42 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(95)00077-1 PG 10 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA TM340 UT WOS:A1996TM34000002 ER PT J AU Undeen, AH Solter, LF AF Undeen, AH Solter, LF TI The sugar content and density of living and dead microsporidian (Protozoa: Microspora) spores SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microsporidian spores; Microspora; spore sugars; Edhazardia aedis; Endoreticulatus sp; Microsporidium spp; Nosema algerae; Nosema apis; Nosema disstriae; Nosema locustae; Thelohania sp; Vairimorpha lymantriae; Vairimorpha necatrix; Vairimorpha plodiae; Vairimorpha spp; viability of spores; density gradient; Ludox ID NOSEMA-ALGERAE MICROSPORA; EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS MICROSPORA; GERMINATION; AMBLYOSPORIDAE; TRANSMISSION; INTERMEDIATE; MOSQUITOS; MECHANISM; RADIATION; PATHOGEN AB Microsporidian (Microspora) spores were subjected to several kinds of stress: ultraviolet light (Nosema al gerae); chilling in ice water (Edhazardia aedis); freezing and thawing, with or without glycerol as a cryoprotectant (Nosema disstriae, Thelohania sp.); longterm cold storage (Vairimorpha spp., Endoreticulatus sp., Thelohania sp., and Microsporidium sp.); and extended periods at room temperature (Microsporidium sp. and Vairimorpha lymantriae). N. algerae spores were inactivated by incubation in 0.05 M NaCl or 24 hr at 23 degrees C. Viability of the spores was assessed either by infectivity to a susceptible host or by in vitro germination. Carbohydrates were extracted from the spores for measurement of the total sugars (anthrone reactive) and reducing sugars (Nelson's test), and quantities and ratios of the two classes of sugars were com pared. Buoyant density differences associated with sugar concentration and viability changes were estimated by Ludox density gradient centrifugation. Reducing sugar levels increased after germicidal ultraviolet radiation, chilling, or freezing, concurrent with loss of infectivity or capacity for germination. The smaller reducing sugar molecules apparently diffused slowly from the inviable spores, causing a gradual reduction in the total concentration of sugars. Many samples of spores held for long periods in cold storage were almost devoid of sugar, These changes were not seen in N. algerae spores that were temporarily inactivated. In all cases, spores that were severely depleted in carbohydrates had a significantly lower buoyant density. The bands of heavy spores had a mean density +/- SE of 1.197 +/- 0.010 g/ml and the mean density of the light, sugar-depleted spores was 1.137 +/- 0.024 g/ml. These results suggest that, where no other means are possible, sugar concentrations or spore density might be used to assess the viability of spores. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CTR ECON ENTOMOL,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. RP Undeen, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 67 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1006/jipa.1996.0012 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TX605 UT WOS:A1996TX60500012 ER PT J AU Helm, EM Cockrell, G Stanley, S Burks, AW Bannon, G Brenner, R Helm, RM AF Helm, EM Cockrell, G Stanley, S Burks, AW Bannon, G Brenner, R Helm, RM TI A cDNA clone isolated from German cockroaches rinds to genomic DNA in the Blattella order of the cockroach family. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. SAAMVERL,USDA,ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP A24 EP A24 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA TP690 UT WOS:A1996TP69000137 ER PT J AU Tarrant, MA English, DBK AF Tarrant, MA English, DBK TI A crowding-based model of social carrying capacity: Applications for whitewater boating use SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE social carrying capacities; recreational crowding; whitewater boating; limits of acceptable change ID BACKCOUNTRY ENCOUNTER NORMS; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE AB Following the Limits of Acceptable Change planning framework, we apply crowding standards proposed by Shelby, Heberlein and Vaske (1989) to develop a crowding-based model of social carrying capacity. Fourteen hundred and seventy boaters (347 commercial guided, 873 commercial non-guided, 28 private rafters, and 222 private canoers/kayakers) on the Nantahala River in North Carolina completed an on-site survey immediately following their white-water trip in the summer of 1994. There were four types of predictor variables: total daily use levels, water release level, time of day, and day of the week. The dependent variable was perceived crowding. Using an ordered legit model, all coefficients were significant at p < .05. Regression results were then applied to aggregate values to determine carrying capacities for three different crowding standards. Opportunities for applying and expanding the model to other settings and implications for management are discussed. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP Tarrant, MA (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,353 RAMSEY CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1996 VL 28 IS 3 BP 155 EP 168 PG 14 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA VP022 UT WOS:A1996VP02200002 ER PT J AU Manfredo, MJ Driver, BL AF Manfredo, MJ Driver, BL TI Measuring leisure motivation: A meta-analysis of the recreation experience preference scales SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE motivations; needs; experience based management; recreation experience preference ID SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGY; METAANALYSIS; PERSONALITY; MODELS; ONSITE AB One approach to studying the motivations for leisure is to focus on the desired goal states that are attained through participation in leisure. The Recreation Experience Preference (REP) scales were developed for measuring these goal states. In an attempt to provide a summary integrative analysis of the structure of the REP scales, the present study conducted a meta-analysis of 36 studies that have used REP items. The studies were used to obtain population estimates of correlations between scale item pairs. Correlations were then used as input to confirmatory factor analysis that tested the structure of domains (item group ings that represent a broad goal construct) and the structure of scales (within-domain item groupings that represent dimensions of the broader goal construct) established in previous research. Results provided support for the a priori domain and scale structures. Inter-item correlations were computed for do- mains and scales and compared ''within'' and ''between'' clusters. The results show high average inter-item correlations within scales and domains and relatively low average correlations between domains and scales. Variability of interitem domain correlations due to response scale, instruction set, geographic location of study, and type of recreation area visited was tested. Overall consistency in domains and stales was shown. Recommendations are made to help assure appropriate applications and advance refinement of the REP scales. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO. UNIV GEORGIA,SCH HLTH & HUMAN PERFORMANCE,DEPT RECREAT & LEISURE STUDIES,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Manfredo, MJ (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,HUMAN DIMENS NAT RESOURCES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 59 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 6 U2 26 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1996 VL 28 IS 3 BP 188 EP 213 PG 26 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA VP022 UT WOS:A1996VP02200004 ER PT J AU Burton, JL Kehrli, ME AF Burton, JL Kehrli, ME TI Effects of dexamethasone on bovine circulating T lymphocyte populations SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gamma/delta T cells; alpha/beta T cells; L-selectin; glucocorticoids ID SURFACE-ANTIGEN; HOMING RECEPTOR; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; CELLS; WC1; IDENTIFICATION; RUMINANTS; SHEEP AB In cattle, gamma delta T cells represent a higher proportion of circulating T cells than in humans, Bovine gamma delta T cells can be recognized by expression of gamma delta T cell receptor (gamma delta TCR) determinants or by a 215/230-kDa surface antigen (WC1), WC1 is expressed on 90% or more of circulating bovine gamma delta T cells, The effects of dexamethasone on this and other subsets (CD3, CD2, CD4, CD8) of peripheral blood T lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometric analysis, Twelve 15-month old bulls were injected with dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg/day) for 3 consecutive days and four bulls were untreated control, Blood samples were collected daily for 3 days before dexamethasone injections and for an additional 7 days starting on the third injection day, Data were recorded as percent positive cells and as mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of positive cells, Initially, CD3+ cells represented 65-73% of all peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Dexamethasone reduced CD3+ cells to 30%, and these recovered to 50% positive cells by 9 days after the fast dexamethasone injection, Loss of CD3+ cells was not due to reductions in alpha beta T cells because dexamethasone did not influence the percent CD2+, CD4+, or CD8+ cells, However, percent WC1+ cells rapidly declined from a baseline of 26.4% of PBMC to < 60% by the final injection. During injections, the MFT of WC1 increased, The MFI of WC1 returned to control values 7 days after the last injection of dexamethasone, but the percent gamma delta T cells recovered to only 14% WC1+ PBMC by the final day of the study, During its maximum effects on WC1, dexamethasone also caused a profound decrease of L-selectin MFI on remaining PBMC (mostly alpha beta T cells and monocyte/macrophages), In a second trial, two-color analyses determined that dexamethasone did not increase apoptosis in WC1+ cells and did not reduce L-selectin MFI on either CD2+ or WC1+ cells. The cumulative results suggested that dexamethasone promoted gamma delta T cell migration out of peripheral blood via an L-selectin-independent mechanism and that dexamethasone did not alter ap T cell migration kinetics. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 27 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 59 IS 1 BP 90 EP 99 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA TR604 UT WOS:A1996TR60400014 PM 8558073 ER PT J AU Kogut, M Lowry, V DeLoach, J AF Kogut, M Lowry, V DeLoach, J TI Kinetic analysis of MAC-1 and IL-8 receptor expression on chicken heterophils following in vivo injection with immune lymphokines. SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1996 SU S BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA VE906 UT WOS:A1996VE90600166 ER PT J AU Smith, LM Kehrli, ME Pistole, TG AF Smith, LM Kehrli, ME Pistole, TG TI Group B Streptococcus adhere to bovine polymorphonuclear cells by CD11/CD18 dependent and independent mechanisms. SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT MICROBIOL,DURHAM,NH 03824. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1996 SU S BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA VE906 UT WOS:A1996VE90600247 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Johnston, JJ Griffin, DL AF Primus, TM Johnston, JJ Griffin, DL TI Solid phase extraction high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of methyl anthranilate residues in blueberries SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID BIRD AB Methyl anthranilate fortified blueberries were extracted with methanol, cleaned up by solid phase extraction and analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Methyl anthranilate was quantified by UV absorbance and fluorescence detection. Recoveries of 70 +/- 13% and 14% were obtained for blueberry samples fortified with methyl anthranilate at 5 and 0.15 ppm respectively. The method limits of detection for ultraviolet and fluorescence detection were 0.04 and 0.009 mu g methyl anthranilate/g, respectively. RP Primus, TM (reprint author), USDA,APHIS DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,ANALYT CHEM PROJECT,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 3 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1080/10826079608001223 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA UD347 UT WOS:A1996UD34700005 ER PT J AU Abidi, SL Mounts, TL AF Abidi, SL Mounts, TL TI Normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography of tocopherols on polar phases SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VEGETABLE-OILS; TOCOTRIENOLS AB Five plant tocopherols were separated by normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on aminopropylsilica or diol-bonded silica with fluorescence detection. HPLC characteristics of these compounds were studied under various mobile phase conditions. Mobile phases employed binary solvent systems comprising a hydrocarbon and an alcohol, an ether or an ester. Separation factors (alpha) of adjacent ring-methylated tocol components were determined. Employment of aprotic weakly polar modifiers in the mobile phases increased the or values for the Fair of 5,8- and 7,8-dimethyltocol, but decreased those for the 5,7-and 5,8-dimethyltocol pair. Both component resolution and detection sensitivity were adversely affected by the use of a diol-bonded silica phase of large particle size. HPLC with cyclohexane-binary eluents invariably led to lower values of analyte capacity factors (k') than with hexane counterparts. Further, regardless of the type of column evaluated, the tocol isomers eluted in an ethereal mobile phase in the order of increasing k' values: k'(tetrahydrofuran) 6 h, with <10% survival at 6-, 18-, and 30-h immersion durations. Survival of 2nd instars was reduced to 38% by 0-h immersion, when compared with the control group. Adult eclosion was reduced by immersion durations of 18 and 30 h during the pupal stage. Life stage survival was dependent upon immersion duration, with survival generally decreasing as a negative linear function of increasing immersion duration. Immersion durations of 0, 1, 6, 18, and 30 h resulted in overall mortality rates of approximate to 30, 37, 53, 61, and 82%, respectively. In wet regions with low elevations, water accumulation may significantly affect horn fly distribution and abundance. In drier regions, where flooding events are sporadic and water accumulation variable, the effect on horn fly populations is uncertain. RP Jones, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LA,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA TP039 UT WOS:A1996TP03900005 PM 8906901 ER PT J AU Pruett, JH Kunz, SE AF Pruett, JH Kunz, SE TI Development of resistance to Hypoderma lineatum (Diptera: Oestridae) within a cattle herd SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hypoderma lineatum; cattle; resistance to infestation ID KINETIC DEVELOPMENT; PROTEINS; ANTIBODY; VACCINE; CALVES; SERUM AB Three experimental infestations of a herd of 27 cattle with the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum, are described during a 4-yr period. The mean percentage of survival of larvae during internal migration was 67.7% in the initial infestation. In the 2nd infestation 1 yr later, the mean percentage of survival of larvae decreased to 40.5% during internal migration. Although fewer larvae survived to reach the tissues in the back in the 2nd infestation, more larvae in the back tissues survived (27.2%) and 53 more mature larvae (potential adults) were produced during the 2nd than the Ist infestation. The 3rd infestation resulted in no further decrease in larval survival to the back tissues (43%), but significant larval mortality in the back (5.7% survival) reduced the number of mature larvae. After 2 infestations, larval survival to the back tissues had stabilized at approximate to 40%, whereas the significant decrease in larval survival in the back tissues during the 3rd infestation indicated that resistance manifested at this stage of the parasite life cycle may be important for H. lineatum population control. We can conclude that development of herd resistance through H. lineatum exposure may require several infestation cycles. RP Pruett, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LA,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA TP039 UT WOS:A1996TP03900008 PM 8906904 ER PT J AU Konishi, E Mason, PW Shope, RE AF Konishi, E Mason, PW Shope, RE TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant antigens for serodiagnosis of Japanese encephalitis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture ELISA; IgM; IgG; recombinant vaccinia virus ID LETHAL JEV INFECTION; VIRUS; PROTEINS AB Recombinant Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus proteins were evaluated as antigens for serodiagnosis of JE using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The premembrane/membrane (prM/M) and envelope (E) proteins of JE virus were expressed in HeLa cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus that encodes the JE virus prM and E genes and were released from cells in a particulate form. The particulate antigens were partially purified from culture fluid from the infected cells by precipitation of particles with polyethylene glycol and then dissociated from the particles with 0.1% Triton X-100. This antigen preparation was used to evaluate one preimmune and two postvaccination sera from 20 volunteers given three inoculations of the commercial JE vaccine (Biken vaccine) by a conventional ELISA. The results from this assay correlated with neutralization data. The results of an IgM capture ELISA carried out with the recombinant antigen also correlated with the results of an existing IgM capture ELISA performed with JE virus-infected mouse brain, when tested with 29 serum and 13 cerebrospinal fluid samples from JE patients. These results indicated that recombinant JE virus antigens are useful for ELISA as an antigenically equivalent, highly productive, and safe alternative to authentic JE virus antigens. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. USDA,AGR RES SERV,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY. RP Konishi, E (reprint author), KOBE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED ZOOL,KOBE 650,JAPAN. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 10984] NR 8 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1 BP 76 EP 79 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199601)48:1<76::AID-JMV12>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA TU844 UT WOS:A1996TU84400012 PM 8825714 ER PT J AU Kraszewski, AW Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Kraszewski, AW Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO TI Wheat permittivity measurements in free space SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE permittivity; dielectric properties; dielectric constant; dielectric loss factor; wheat; measurements ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; DEPENDENCE; GRAIN AB Requirements for a free-space microwave transmission measurement system for determining the permittivity of grain are analyzed. Experimental verification of these requirements is provided for two cultivars of hard red winter wheat of various densities, moisture contents and temperatures in the frequency range from 10 to 18 GHz. Uncertainties in the dielectric constant determination are less than +/-1%, and those for the loss factor are less than +/-3%. RP Kraszewski, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 12 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 135 EP 141 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA VR080 UT WOS:A1996VR08000002 ER PT J AU Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO AF Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO TI Resonant cavity perturbation - Some new applications of an old measuring technique SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE resonant cavity measurements; microwave resonators; permittivity; density; mass; moisture content; grain kernels; dielectric properties; plastics ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; MICROWAVE RESONATOR; DIELECTRIC OBJECTS; MASS DETERMINATION; KERNELS AB Microwave resonators have been used as sensors for determining material properties of dielectric objects, including permittivity, density, moisture content, and mass, from measurements of frequency shift and change in cavity transmission characteristics when a small dielectric object is inserted into a microwave resonant cavity. Fundamental principles of the shape- and size-independent measurements are discussed, and experimental results for moisture content and mass measurement of individual soybeans, peanuts and grain kernels, as well as for mass determinations on irregularly shaped objects of common plastic materials are presented. Measurements are fast, nondestructive, contactless, and have the potential for continuous operation. RP Kraszewski, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 178 EP 187 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA VR080 UT WOS:A1996VR08000006 ER PT J AU Beard, JL Burton, JW Theil, EC AF Beard, JL Burton, JW Theil, EC TI Purified ferritin and soybean meal can be sources of iron for treating iron deficiency in rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ferritin; iron deficiency; rats; soybeans ID MESSENGER-RNA; BIOAVAILABILITY; PHYTATE; CELLS AB Ferritin and soybean meal were reevaluated as dietary treatments of iron deficiency in rats. Isotopes that had been used in the past were avoided because of contemporary knowledge of the physiological and structural complexity of ferritin protein and the solid iron mineral. Rats made anemic by iron-deficient diets were given equivalent amounts of iron as FeSO4, horse spleen ferritin, baked soybean meal, or soybean meal plus ferritin. Full recovery (89-109%) from anemia and increased tissue iron occurred after 28 d of treatment with any of the iron sources, which contrasts to past bioavailability studies using Fe-59-labeled ferritin and generally shorter periods of observation. Cultivar-specific variability was observed in soybean seed soluble iron and ferritin content (1.9-2.0 times the control cultivar, Arksoy), which was apparently heritable. The combined data suggest that manipulating ferritin expression and other soluble components of seed iron in soybeans and possibly other seeds, using Mendelian and biotechnological approaches, could contribute to a sustainable solution to global problems of iron deficiency. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT HUMAN NUTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 33 TC 82 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 126 IS 1 BP 154 EP 160 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TQ543 UT WOS:A1996TQ54300017 PM 8558296 ER PT J AU Pond, WG Ellis, KJ Mersmann, HJ Heath, JP Krook, LP Burrin, DG Dudley, MA Sheng, HP AF Pond, WG Ellis, KJ Mersmann, HJ Heath, JP Krook, LP Burrin, DG Dudley, MA Sheng, HP TI Severe protein deficiency and repletion alter body and brain composition and organ weights in infant pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE infant swine; protein deficiency; gastrointestinal tract; body composition; cerebrum ID SWINE; MALNUTRITION; KWASHIORKOR AB Three-wk-old genetically lean or obese pigs were used in two experiments to determine the changes in body composition, visceral organs and brain in response to severe protein deficiency. In Experiment 1, 16 obese pigs were fed an adequate (A, 21% protein, 3% fat) or a protein-deficient (D, 5% protein, 23% fat) diet for 7 wk, One-half of each group was killed at 7 wk, and the remainder of each group was fed the A diet for an additional 8 wk. At 7 wk, pigs fed D contained a higher percentage of fat than those fed A (P < 0.01); after 8-wk of repletion, body composition of the two groups was similar. Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of the protein-deficient pigs had severely atrophic villi, submucosal edema, and atrophic muscle layers; after 8 wk of repletion, however, microscopic architecture of the gastrointestinal tract was restored to normal. Absolute cerebrum weight at 7 wk, but not after 8 wk repletion, in the pigs fed D were significantly less than in pigs fed A, indicating reduced brain cellularity after 7 wk of protein restriction, but not after 8 wk repletion. In Experiment 2, genetically obese (O, n = 8) and lean (L, n = 8) pigs consumed the A or D diet ad libitum for 10 wk. L and O pigs responded similarly to protein deficiency; D pigs were fatter than A pigs and plasma constituents, bone mineral content, bone mineral density and most organ weights revealed no interactions between diet and genotype. The pig model system used in these experiments enabled the isolation of protein deficiency from infectious disease, parasites and social environmental stimulation that may confound interpretation of human infant malnutrition experiments. The data suggest that genetically controlled body fatness is not a major determinant in the response of the infant pig to severe protein deficiency. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED, TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. CORNELL UNIV, COLL VET MED, DEPT PATHOL, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. RP Pond, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 126 IS 1 BP 290 EP 302 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TQ543 UT WOS:A1996TQ54300034 PM 8558314 ER PT J AU Facinoli, SL AF Facinoli, SL TI A nutritionist's field guide to cyberspace SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION LA English DT Article RP Facinoli, SL (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR LIB,FOOD & NUTR INFORMAT CTR,10301 BLATIMORE BLVD,ROOM 304,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0022-3182 J9 J NUTR EDUC JI J. Nutr. Educ. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0022-3182(96)70012-2 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA TT528 UT WOS:A1996TT52800009 ER PT J AU Yang, X Baligar, VC Martens, DC Clark, RB AF Yang, X Baligar, VC Martens, DC Clark, RB TI Plant tolerance to nickel toxicity .1. Influx, transport, and accumulation of nickel in four species SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ZINC; MICRONUTRIENT; CULTIVARS; CADMIUM; GROWTH; GENERA AB Plant tolerance to nickel (Ni) toxicity depends on plant differences for uptake and distribution within tissues. Differences among and within species for Ni tolerance/accumulation might be used to identify or develop plants for remediation of high Ni soil conditions. Solution culture experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to determine influx (IN) into roots, transport (TR) from roots to shoots, and accumulation of Ni in four plant species grown at different Ni levels. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) had high dry matter (DM) at high Ni levels because of its low IN and TR of Ni. At Ni levels <60 mu M, maize (Zea mays L.) had high DM probably because of its low TR even though it had high IN of Ni. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was sensitive to Ni toxicity because of its high IN and TR of Ni. The sensitivity of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) to Ni toxicity was correlated with high TR even though it had low IN of Ni. Nickel accumulation in shoots was relatively high for cabbage and low for maize. Maize averaged similar to 60-fold less Ni in shoots than cabbage and similar to 10-fold less than ryegrass when plants were grown with <120 mu M Ni. Plant tolerance to Ni toxicity was related to low IN of Ni, and especially to TR of Ni. Selecting or developing genotypes with low TR of Ni might improve plant tolerance to moderate Ni toxicity and reduce the flow of Ni from contaminated soils to shoot organs. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 24 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1080/01904169609365108 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TY560 UT WOS:A1996TY56000007 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Manthey, JA AF Tisserat, B Manthey, JA TI In vitro sterile hydroponic culture system to study iron chlorosis SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL SIDEROPHORES; PLANTS AB A sterile hydroponic culture system (SHCS) suitable for studying iron (Fe) chlorosis in vitro was developed. This system, consisting of a 38 x 200 mm culture tube, a Kap-ut closure, a foam platform, and an aluminum sleeve, resembled a greenhouse hydroponic system. In this SHCS, the plants were positioned upright within the culture tube using the foam plug platform; the roots are submerged in liquid Murashige and Skoog basal medium (basal medium) containing 3% sucrose. Onion plants (Allium sativum L. cv. `Sweet Spanish, Yellow Utah Jumbo'), grown in the SHCS on basal medium without FeEDTA exhibited gradual chlorosis, i.e. leaf yellowing, with leaf SPAD values of 34.9 +/- 1.9 at the end of 8 wks. Non-chlorotic plants grown in the SHCS on basal medium with 80 mu M FeEDTA had leaf SPAD values of 51.3 +/- 2.3. Gradual regreening of leaves was achieved when chlorotic plants were recultured into basal medium with FeEDTA. The occurrence of Fe-deficiency responses in the roots of the chlorotic plants grown in the SHCS was tested. The staining patterns that resulted from the reduction of MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) by the roots of plants grown on sterile basal medium resembled the staining patterns found in seedlings grown in the greenhouse under non-sterile hydroponic conditions. A procedure to quantify the reduction of MTT by roots is presented. The stimulation of root surface electron transfer, a typical Strategy I response to Fe-deficiency, is further shown by the rapid FeHEDTA reduction by the roots of the chlorotic, sterile-grown onion plants. C1 USDA,ARS,SAA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 129 EP 143 DI 10.1080/01904169609365112 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TY560 UT WOS:A1996TY56000011 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA Tisserat, B Crowley, DE AF Manthey, JA Tisserat, B Crowley, DE TI Root responses of sterile-grown onion plants to iron deficiency SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL SIDEROPHORES; FERRIOXAMINE-B; REDUCTION; MICROORGANISMS; ACQUISITION; OAT; FE AB Onion (Allium sativum) plants grown without iron (Fe) in sterile nutrient solutions readily developed chlorosis symptoms. Iron deficiency in the sterile-grown plants stimulated the rates of root extracellular reduction of Fe3+, copper (Cu2+), manganese (Mn4+), and other artificial electron accepters. While rapid reduction occurred with the synthetic chelate Fe(3+)HEDTA, no short-term reduction occurred with the fungal siderophore Fe(3+)ferrioxamine B (FeFOB). In addition to the increased rate of extracellular electron transfer at the root surfaces, the Fe-deficient plants showed greater rates of Fe uptake and translocation than the onion plants grown with Fe. The rates of uptake and translocation of Fe were sharply higher for the Fe-deficient plants supplied with FeHEDTA than for similar plants supplied with FeFOB. Inhibition by BPDS of the Fe uptake by the Fe-deficient onion plants further supported the importance of Fe3+ chelate reduction for the uptake of Fe into the roots. Rates of Fe uptake and translocation by Fe-deficient onion plants supplied with (FeFOB)-Fe-55 were identical to the rates of uptake of ferrated [C-14]-FOD; a result that gives evidence of the uptake and translocation of the intact ferrated siderophore, presumably by a mechanism not involving prior extracellular Fe3+ reduction. Differences in the rates of transport of other micronutrients into the roots of the Fe-deficient onion plants were evident by the significantly higher Zn and Mn levels in the shoots of the Fe-deficient onion. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SAA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. RI Crowley, David/C-1216-2014 OI Crowley, David/0000-0002-1805-8599 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 145 EP 161 DI 10.1080/01904169609365113 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TY560 UT WOS:A1996TY56000012 ER PT J AU Athar, M Johnson, DA AF Athar, M Johnson, DA TI Nodulation, biomass production, and nitrogen fixation in alfalfa under drought SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FIELD-GROWN SOYBEANS; WATER-STRESS; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER; ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; RHIZOBIUM; SALINITY; SOIL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The effect of drought on nodulation, biomass production, and symbiotic nitrogen fixation was evaluated for seven strains of Rhizobium meliloti Dang. and three alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. and M. falcata L.) accessions. Alfalfa plants were grown for 10 weeks in plastic pots containing a sterilized mixture of sand and peat moss maintained at -0.03, -0.5, and -1.0 MPa. Number of nodules, total plant dry weight, and shoot nitrogen pool declined as drought increased from -0.03 to -1.0 MPa. Rhizobial strains varied markedly in their ability to form nodules and fix nitrogen under drought. Plants inoculated with strains UL 136, UL 210, and UL 222 formed nodules at -0.5 and -1.0 MPa and had plants with greater total dry weight and shoot nitrogen pool than plants with no nitrogen. These three rhizobial strains may be beneficial for increasing alfalfa production under water-limited conditions. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. PAKISTAN AGR RES COUNCIL,ISLAMABAD,PAKISTAN. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 185 EP 199 DI 10.1080/01904169609365116 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TY560 UT WOS:A1996TY56000015 ER PT J AU Reck, WR Overman, AR AF Reck, WR Overman, AR TI Estimation of corn response to water and applied nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BERMUDAGRASS; BAHIAGRASS; YIELD AB The objective of this work was to use the logistic equation to relate grain and total plant yield of corn [Zea mays (L.)] to water and applied N. Data from field studies in Florida and Georgia were used in the analysis. Nonlinear correlation coefficients R > 0.98 were obtained. Variation among hybrids, between plant components (grain and total plant), and among years (rainfall) was accounted for in the linear model parameter A, with constant exponential parameters b and c. The linear model parameter A exhibited linear dependence on seasonal rainfall for corn in Georgia. Data from a third study in Florida showed linear dependence of A upon seasonal rainfall plus irrigation for total amounts up to 70 cm. This model provides a convenient tool for relating corn yields to applied N and available water, with the response function separating into the product of a term depending upon water and another depending upon applied N. The equation is mathematically well-behaved and is easy to use on a pocket calculator by managers and engineers. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Reck, WR (reprint author), USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1080/01904169609365117 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TY560 UT WOS:A1996TY56000016 ER PT J AU Clark, RB Zeto, SK AF Clark, RB Zeto, SK TI Iron acquisition by mycorrhizal maize grown on alkaline soil SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CALCAREOUS SOIL; MINERAL UPTAKE; FUNGI; SIDEROPHORES; PHOSPHORUS; PLANTS; PH; MICROORGANISMS; INOCULATION; RESPONSES AB Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) we known to improve the mineral nutritional status of plants. Since information on effects of VAMF on plant iron (Fe) nutrition is limited, an Fe deficient-susceptible maize (Zea mays L., ys1/ys1) was grown on alkaline Quinlan (Typic Ustochrept, pH 8.0) and Ulysses (Aridic Haplustoll, pH 7.8) soils with Glomus VAMF isolates G. etunicatum WV579A (Gel, G. diaphanum WV579B (Gd), and G. intraradices WV894 (Gi) to determine plant growth responses to VAMF associations and efficacy of these VAMF isolates to enhance Fe acquisition. Shoot and root dry matter (DM) were higher in mycorrhizal (+VAM) then in nonmycorrhizal (-VAM) plants, and followed a sequence of Ge > Gd greater than or equal to Gi > -VAM. Root DM of Ge plants was higher than other +VAM plants. Even though relatively low, leaf chlorophyll (SFAD unit) readings were higher in +VAM than in -VAM plants and followed a sequence similar to DM. Plants colonized with Gi had higher leaf Fe, phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) concentrations and contents than other +VAM as well as -VAM plants. Leaf concentrations and contents of other mineral nutrients had few changes among +VAM plants, but some differences between -VAM and +VAM plants were noted. The VAMF isolates improved Fe acquisition in maize grown under severe Fe deficiency conditions, but benefits to this fast growing plant was not sufficiently large to recommend that it be grown on fields where Fe deficiency is prevalent. improved host plant root development. and morphology and acquisition of P may have been involved in enhanced Fe acquisition by +VAM plants. RP Clark, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 14 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 2 BP 247 EP 264 DI 10.1080/01904169609365120 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UC868 UT WOS:A1996UC86800001 ER PT J AU Yang, X Baligar, VC Martens, DC Clark, RB AF Yang, X Baligar, VC Martens, DC Clark, RB TI Plant tolerance to nickel toxicity .2. Nickel effects on influx and transport of mineral nutrients in four plant species SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; MICRONUTRIENT AB Nickel (Ni) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants but is toxic to plants at excess levels. Plant species differ extensively for mineral uptake and accumulation, and these differences often help explain plant tolerances to mineral toxicities/deficiencies. Solution culture experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to determine the effects of Ni on influx into roots (IN) and transport from roots to shoots (TR) of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) in white clover (Trifolium repens L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and maize (Zea mays L.). Nickel decreased both IN and TR of Zn, Cu, Ca, and Mg, but only TR of Fe and Mn in white clover. Both IN and TR of Cu, Fe, Mn, Mg, and S were markedly decreased by Ni >30 mu M in cabbage, whereas IN and TR of P increased with Ni treatment. For ryegrass, TR of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mg was decreased, but IN of these elements except Mg was not affected by Ni. The IN and TR of P and S were increased in ryegrass with increasing external Ni levels. Nickel inhibited IN of Cu, Ca, and Mg, and TR of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mg in maize. Plant species differed in response to Ni relative to IN and TR of mineral nutrients. Plant tolerance to Ni toxicity was associated with the influence of Ni on IN and TR of Cu, Fe, and Mn in white clover and cabbage but not in maize and ryegrass. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 24 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 2 BP 265 EP 279 DI 10.1080/01904169609365121 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UC868 UT WOS:A1996UC86800002 ER PT J AU Yang, X Baligar, VC Martens, DC Clark, RB AF Yang, X Baligar, VC Martens, DC Clark, RB TI Cadmium effects on influx and transport of mineral nutrients in plant species SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METALS; ZINC; CHLOROPLASTS; PHYSIOLOGY; TOXICITY; GROWTH; COPPER; CORN; SOIL; LEAD AB Solution culture experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions to determine the effects of cadmium(II) [Cd(II)I activity (0, 8, 14, 28, 42, and 54 mu M) on influx (IN) into roots and transport (?Ti) from roots to shoots of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), maize (Zea mays L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). Shoot and root dry matter (DM) decreased with increased external Cd, and plant species differed extensively. Ryegrass and cabbage were relatively tolerant to Cd toxicity compared to white clover and maize. Influx and TR of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mg were lower with increasing external Cd compared to controls, and species also differed. Influx and TR of P were enhanced in each species with up to 14 mu M Cd, decreased in white clover and cabbage at higher Cd levels, while in maize and ryegrass continued to increase as Cd increased. Influx and TR of S were high in white clover at 8 mu M Cd and decreased as Cd increased. Influx of S was high in ryegrass, but TR of S remained relatively constant as Cd increased. Influx and TR of S did not significantly change in maize, but decreased in cabbage as Cd increased. With Cd up to 14 mu M, decreases in both IN and TR of Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mg were greater in white clover than in cabbage. Sensitivity of the dicotyledonous plant species to Cd toxicity might have been associated with Cd effects on IN and TR of Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mg. However, differences in plant sensitivities to Cd toxicity between ryegrass and maize were not reflected in Cd effects on IN and TR of mineral nutrients. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 25 TC 91 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 643 EP 656 DI 10.1080/01904169609365148 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UF261 UT WOS:A1996UF26100013 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Patterson, D FrankeSnyder, M Brauer, D AF Tu, SI Patterson, D FrankeSnyder, M Brauer, D TI Poly(L-aspartate) inhibits the proton pumping of tonoplast H+-ATPase from corn roots SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TRANSLOCATING ATPASES; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; MEMBRANE; MODEL AB Pre-incubation of the tonoplast vesicles from corn roots with poly(L-asparate) (MW 14,000 Da) significantly inhibited the proton pumping associated with the ATP hydrolysis activity of the H+-ATPase. However, this polyanion only slightly affected the hydrolytic activity. The potency of poly(L-asparate) to inhibit the proton pumping increased as the concentration of KCl or ionic strength decreased suggesting an electrostatic origin for the inhibition. When poly(L-asparate) was added after the initiation of the ATPase activities, no significant effect on proton pumping was noted. The results suggest that certain- NH3+ groups on the cytoplasmic surface of the tonoplast membrane may electrostatically interact with poly(L-aspartate) to produce observed inhibition. Furthermore, the accessibility of these -NE(3+) groups to poly(L-aspartate), appears to be regulated by the functional state of the H+-ATPase. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NAA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 5 BP 743 EP 754 DI 10.1080/01904169609365157 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UH820 UT WOS:A1996UH82000007 ER PT J AU Mills, HA Sasseville, DN Kremer, RJ AF Mills, HA Sasseville, DN Kremer, RJ TI Effects of Benlate(R) on leatherleaf fern growth, root morphology and rhizosphere bacteria SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; RHIZOBACTERIA AB Reduced frond production as well as foliar disorders and root damage to leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis [Forst.] Ching) coincided with the widespread use of Benlate fungicide in grower operations. These symptoms could not be explained by environmental conditions or the presence of new pathogens. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of Benlate at labeled rates on frond production, root morphology, and soil microbial characteristics of featherleaf ferns. A separate experiment was conducted by adding Benlate at labeled drench rate to previously untreated soil to evaluate the promotion of soil bacteria. Benlate was applied to leatherleaf fern plants in the greenhouse at labeled foliar and drench rates for 17 months. Fronds were harvested during the last nine months. Roots of the ferns were examined using electron microscopy at termination of the experiment to determine physical and microbial characteristics-of the roots. Rhizosphere bacteria were evaluated to determine counts and types. Lettuce seedling bioassays were conducted to evaluate bacterial isolates for possible deleterious effects on plants. Over the nine-month harvest period, 181 fronds were harvested per pot from the control treatments, 162 for the Benlate foliar treatment, and 113 for the drench treatment. The Benlate drench rate resulted in significant reduction of frond production. However, the Benlate foliar rate was not significantly different from the control. Benlate application resulted in a reduction of root hairs and disruption of the root surfaces, especially at the drench rate. Total bacterial counts were not significantly different among Benlate treatments; however, the biodiversity of these populations was reduced with 46, 36, and 22 individual isolates identified for control, foliar, and drench rate treatments, respectively. Using a lettuce bioassay, compared to seedlings grown on sterile medium, the average seedling growth in the presence of isolates from the control treatment was 83%, 73% from the foliar rate treatment, and 60% from the drench rate treatment. The predominant deleterious isolates include Pseudomonas fluorescens, Ps. putida, and Ps. cepacia. In a laboratory experiment, these bacteria were shown to be promoted within the soil by Benlate application. These results indicate that Benlate has the potential to reduce yields of leatherleaf ferns. This reduction may be caused by direct action of the chemicals within the Benlate formulations or by the promotion of deleterious bacteria within the growing media. C1 LINCOLN UNIV,COLL AGR APPL SCI & TECHNOL,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65101. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Mills, HA (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,PLANT SCI BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 6 BP 917 EP 937 DI 10.1080/01904169609365170 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UU959 UT WOS:A1996UU95900008 ER PT J AU Kremer, RJ Sasseville, DN Mills, HA AF Kremer, RJ Sasseville, DN Mills, HA TI Promotion of phytotoxic bacteria in rhizospheres of leatherleaf fern by Benlate DF SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; GROWTH; RHIZOBACTERIA; ROOTS AB Foliar damage symptoms to leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis [Forst.] Ching) in Florida during widespread use of the fungicide Benlate DF could not be attributed to nutrition, cultural practices, environmental conditions, or new pathogens developing on the crop. The objective of this study was to assess the involvement of rhizosphere bacteria in the damage symptoms using bioassays to detect phytotoxic activity. Rhizosphere bacteria were cultured from rhizospheres of leatherleaf ferns sampled from ferneries where Benlate DF was routinely applied and from check ferneries not receiving the fungicide. Using a lettuce seedling bioassay, the proportion of rhizosphere bacteria that was plant growth-inhibitory ranged from 7.5% and 11% for isolates from two check ferneries to 70% for those from a fernery previously treated with Benlate DF. Rhizosphere bacteria originating from Benlate DF-treated leatherleaf ferns caused most severe damage on seedlings with some isolates reducing root growth 70% compared to control seedlings. Other symptoms induced by these bacteria, which were mainly fluorescent and nonfluorescent pseudomonads, included necroses and inhibition of root hair development. Results suggested that Benlate DF affected the composition of bacteria in leatherleaf fern rhizospheres by promoting a bacterial component with phytotoxic properties toward plant growth. C1 LINCOLN UNIV,DIV FOOD & AGR SCI,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,144 MUMFORD HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 6 BP 939 EP 953 DI 10.1080/01904169609365171 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UU959 UT WOS:A1996UU95900009 ER PT J AU Raese, JT AF Raese, JT TI Calcium nutrition affects cold hardiness, yield, and fruit disorders of apple and pear trees SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; NITROGEN; INJURY; SHOOTS AB Foliar sprays of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and to a lesser extent, soil applications of calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)(2)] fertilizer, increased calcium (Ca) concentrations in leaves and fruit of apple, (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees. For most years, CaCl2 sprays or Ca(NO3)(2) fertilizer increased cold hardiness of 'Anjou' pear trees, and reduced the incidence of fruit disorders (alfalfa greening and cork spot of pears and bitter pit of 'Delicious' apples). Yield of 'Anjou' pears was usually increased with the higher rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizers [ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), Ca(NO3)(2), or urea]. Calcium chloride sprays increased yield of 'Anjou' pears if it was applied over many years. RP Raese, JT (reprint author), ARS,USDA,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1131 EP 1155 DI 10.1080/01904169609365185 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VE527 UT WOS:A1996VE52700010 ER PT J AU Foy, CD AF Foy, CD TI Tolerance of barley cultivars to an acid, aluminum-toxic subsoil related to mineral element concentrations in their shoots SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE; PHOSPHORUS; WHEAT; SOIL; GENOTYPES; VARIETIES; LEAVES; PLANTS AB Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., is extremely sensitive to excess soluble or exchangeable aluminum (Al) in acid soils having pH values below about 5.5. Aluminum tolerant cultivars are needed for use in rotations with potatoes which require a soil pH below 5.5 for control of scab disease. They are also potentially useful in the currently popular ''low input, sustainable agriculture (LISA)'' in which liming even the plow layer of soil is not always possible or cost effective, or in situations where surface soils are limed but subsoils are acidic and Al toxic to roots. Ten barley cultivars were screened for Al tolerance by growing them for 25 days in greenhouse pots of acid, Al-toxic Tatum subsoil (clayey, mixed, thermic, typic Hapludult) treated with either 750 or 4000 mu g . g(-1) CaCO3 to produce final soil pH values of 4.4 and 5.7, respectively. Based on relative shoot dry weight (weight at pH 4.4/weight at pH 5.7 X 100), Tennessee Winter 52, Volla (England), Dayton and Herta (Denmark) were significantly more tolerant to the acid soil than Herta (Hungary), Kearney, Nebar, Dicktoo, Kenbar and Dundy cultivars. Relative shoot dry weights averaged 28.6% for tolerant and 14.1% for sensitive cultivar groups. Comparable relative root dry weights were 41.7% and 13.7% for tolerant and sensitive cultivars, respectively. At pH 4.4, Al concentrations were nearly three times as high in shoots of sensitive cultivars as in those of the tolerant group (646 vs. 175 mu g-g(-1)), but these differences were reduced or absent at pH 5.7. At pH 4.4, acid soil sensitive cultivars also accumulated phosphorus concentrations that were twice as high as those in tolerant cultivars (1.2% vs. 0.64%). At pH 5.7, these P differences were equalized at about 0.7% for both tolerant and sensitive groups. At pH 4.4, shoots of the Al-sensitive cultivar Nebar contained 1067 mu g . g(-1) Al and 1.5% P. Concentrations of Al acid P in the shoots of acid soil sensitive cultivars grown at pH 4.4 exceeded levels reported to produce toxicity in barley. The observed accumulation of such concentrations of Al and P in the shoots of plants grown under Al stress is unusual and deserves further study. RP Foy, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NAT RESOURCES INST, CLIMATE STRESS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 10-11 BP 1361 EP 1380 DI 10.1080/01904169609365205 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VQ322 UT WOS:A1996VQ32200002 ER PT J AU Foy, CD AF Foy, CD TI Tolerance of durum wheat lines to an acid, aluminum-toxic subsoil SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; SOIL TOLERANCE; BREAD WHEAT; GERMPLASM; CULTIVARS; BARLEY; PH; AL AB Durum wheat, Triticum durum Desf, is reportedly more sensitive to aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils than hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. Aluminum-tolerant genotypes would permit more widespread use of this species where it is desired, but not grown, because of acid soil constraints. Durum wheat germplasm has not been adequately screened for acid soil (Al) tolerance. Fifteen lines of durum wheat were grown for 28 days in greenhouse pots of acid, Al-toxic Tatum subsoil at pH 4.5, and non-toxic soil at pH 6.0. Aluminum-tolerant Atlas 66 and sensitive Scout 66 hexaploid wheats were also included as standards. Based on relative shoot and root dry weight (wt. at pH 4.5/wt. at pH 6.0 X 100), durum entries differed significantly in tolerance to the acid soil. Relative shoot dry weight alone was an acceptable indicator of acid soil tolerance. Relative dry weights ranged from 55.1 to 15.5% for shoots and from 107 to 15.8% for roots. Durum lines PI 195726 (Ethiopia) and PI 193922 (Brazil) were significantly more tolerant than all other entries, even the Al-tolerant, hexaploid Atlas 66 standard. Hence, these two lines have potential for direct use on acid soils or as breeding materials for use in developing greater Al tolerance in durum wheat. Unexpectedly, the range of acid soil tolerance available in durum wheat appears comparable to that in the hexaploid species. Hence, additional screening of durum wheat germplasm for acid soil (Al) tolerance appears warranted. Durum lines showing least tolerance to the acid soil included PI 322716 (Mexico), PI 264991 (Greece), PI 478306 (Washington State, USA), and PI 345040 (Yugoslavia). The Al-sensitive Scout 66 standard was as sensitive as the most sensitive durum lines. Concentrations of Al and phosphorus were significantly higher in shoots of acid soil sensitive than in those of tolerant lines, and these values exceeded those reported to cause Al and phosphorus (P) toxicities in wheat and barley. RP Foy, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NAT RESOURCES INST, CLIMATE STRESS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 EI 1532-4087 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 10-11 BP 1381 EP 1394 DI 10.1080/01904169609365206 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VQ322 UT WOS:A1996VQ32200003 ER PT J AU Adler, PR Wilcox, GE Markhart, AH AF Adler, PR Wilcox, GE Markhart, AH TI Ammonium decreases muskmelon root system hydraulic conductivity SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID WATER TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PLANT ROOTS; CONDUCTANCE; DEFICIENT; SOLUTES; CELLS AB The flow of water through plant roots is controlled by two driving forces, the transpiration rate (Delta P) and osmotic potential difference between the soil solution and inside the root (Delta pi), and the root system hydraulic conductivity [L(root), (L . m(-2))]. Plant water status is affected by the source of nitrogen (N) supplied to the plant. This study was undertaken to isolate the effect of ammonium (NH4)-N on L(root), from other factors affecting water transport through plants. The effect of NH4-N on muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) L(root) was determined by estimating conductance at high water flux rates where osmotic effects are negligible. Ammonium decreased L(root) by about 50%. At a given transpiration rate, the NH4-N-induced decrease in L(root) decreased leaf water potential [psi(leaf) (MPa)] which, in turn, may alter the behavior of the leaves as observed in other studies. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT HORT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MICROBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Adler, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 10-11 BP 1395 EP 1403 DI 10.1080/01904169609365207 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA VQ322 UT WOS:A1996VQ32200004 ER PT J AU Bauer, PJ Busscher, WJ AF Bauer, PJ Busscher, WJ TI Winter cover and tillage influences on coastal plain cotton production SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOIL; SYSTEMS; YIELD; GERMINATION; LEGUMES AB Winter cover crops and conservation tillage can be used by southeastern Coastal Plain cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growers to meet soil erosion control requirements of the 1985 Food Security Act. Our objective was to determine whether these production practices influence cotton productivity and quality. The study was conducted on a Norfolk loamy sand soil (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult) near Florence, SC, in 1991 and 1992. Treatments were winter annual cover crops, tillage, and timing of cover crop incorporation or desiccation before cotton planting. Cover crop treatments were crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and winter fallow. Tillage systems were conventional (annual disking and bedding with in-row subsoiling) and conservation (in-row subsoiling only). Soil strength was measured during the spring in the fallow plots in both tillage systems. Incorporation (conventional tillage) or desiccation (conservation tillage) of the winter cover was done 5 or 15 d before cotton planting. Winter legume dry matter production was <1800 lb/acre per yr. Rye dry matter production was approximately 2200 lb/acre per year. Soil and crop variables studied were not affected by timing of the cover crop incorporation or desiccation. Soil strength was lower in the top 12 in. with conventional tillage. In conservation tillage, soil strength was the same both years. Conservation tillage had lower lint yield than conventional tillage by 267 lb/acre following clover and by 259 lb/acre following vetch [LSD((0.05)) = 221 lb/acre]. Within winter cover treatments following fallow and rye, tillage systems did not differ in yield, but lint yield for conservation tillage following rye was 292 lb/acre greater than yield for that tillage system following fallow. Fiber properties were not greatly influenced by tillage system or winter cover, but micronaire was 0.1 units lower for cotton following rye than cotton following legumes. Including a rye winter cover crop may better insure successful conversion to conservation tillage cotton production systems on Coastal Plain soils. RP Bauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,2611 W LUCAS ST,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UF747 UT WOS:A1996UF74700004 ER PT J AU Heatherly, LG Elmore, CD Wesley, RA Spurlock, SR AF Heatherly, LG Elmore, CD Wesley, RA Spurlock, SR TI Yield and net returns from monocrop winter wheat systems and a winter wheat soybean doublecrop system SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX; NO-TILLAGE; CROP-ROTATION; CLAY SOIL AB Economic evaluation of agronomic production practices is required to determine the feasibility of inputs used in cropping systems with two or more crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of preplant tillage and seedbed type on subsequent monocrop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed yield and net returns, and compare the results with those from a wheat-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] doublecrop system (TRT 6). Net returns were calculated using data from plantings made for 4 yr on a Tunica clay (clayey over loamy, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) near Stoneville, MS. Within the monocropped wheat treatments, preplant management inputs were: TRT 1-wheat planted flat following summer fallow; TRT 2-wheat planted flat following a summer legume crop [Hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A.W. Hill]; TRT 3-wheat planted flat following summer fallow and subsoiling; TRT 4-wheat planted on 80-in.-wide beds following summer fallow; TRT 5-wheat planted on 80-in.-wide beds following summer fallow and subsoiling; and TRT 6-wheat-soybean doublecrop, where soybean was planted no-till in burned wheat straw and wheat was planted in harrowed (disk and/or spring-tooth) soybean stubble. Wheat yields from TRT 3 were among the highest each year, but net returns resulting from this treatment were among the highest in only 2 of the 4 yr. Combined net returns from TRT 6 were among the highest in all years, but they were positive in only 2 of the 4 yr and soybean yields averaged only 14.8 to 25.2 bu/acre. Net returns (losses in all 4 yr) resulting from TRT 2 were among the lowest each year because of the expense associated with establishing and incorporating the legume residue. These results indicate that monocropping of wheat, regardless of preplant management, is not a feasible replacement for winter wheat-soybean doublecropping in a nonirrigated environ on clay soil, even though wheat yields were higher in the monocrop treatments in most years. Expenses associated with summer fallow maintenance for monocropped winter wheat were not offset by sufficiently higher yields. RP Heatherly, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN RES UNIT,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA UF747 UT WOS:A1996UF74700006 ER PT J AU Clements, CD Young, JA AF Clements, CD Young, JA TI Influence of rodent predation on antelope bitterbrush seedlings SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Purshia tridentata; granivores; harvest; recruitment; shrub AB Antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata(Pursh) DC) is the most important browse species on many mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) ranges. California-Nevada interstate mule deer herds are critically dependent on antelope bitterbrush stands, in which many of these stands have been and are currently exhibiting little recruitment. Lassen is the only established cultivar of antelope bitterbrush. Rodent predation on Lassen antelope bitterbrush seedlings was studied in burned and unburned antelope bitterbrush communities in northeastern California during 1993. Rodent population densities were 15/ha and 14/ha in the burned and unburned habitats, respectfully, Rodent compositions consisted of the Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii), deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), and the Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus), Rodents significantly decreased antelope bitterbrush recruitment through grazing and disturbance of antelope bitterbrush seedlings, Ord's kangaroo rats preyed on higher numbers of antelope bitterbrush seedlings than did the other 2 common rodent species. RP Clements, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 49 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.2307/4002721 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TP468 UT WOS:A1996TP46800005 ER PT J AU White, LM Dewald, CL AF White, LM Dewald, CL TI Yield and quality of WW-iron master and Caucasian bluestem regrowth SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bothriochloa caucasica; Bothriochloa ischaemum; crude protein; in vitro digestibility; leaves; stems AB Old World bluestems (Bothriochloa spp.) have been seeded on over a million hectares of marginal farmland in Oklahoma and Texas, yet we know little about their regrowth yield and quality, The objective was to determine seasonal pattern of forage regrowth yield and quality of leaves and stems of WW-Iron Master (B. ischaemum [L.] Keng) and Caucasian (B. caucasica [Trin.] C.E. Hubb,) bluestem when 4-week regrowth was harvested at weekly intervals from early May through mid-September, Four plots of each bluestem were established in each of the 4 blocks (32 plots total). Harvesting was rotated so that 4-week regrowth of each bluestem was harvested weekly from 1 of the 4 plots in each block during 1988 and 1989 to determine regrowth yield, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and crude protein (CP) of leaves and stems, Forage regrowth of both species peaked in June both years, Regrowth during August averaged 10 and 35% of June regrowth in 1988 and 1989, WW-Iron Master produced 80 and 45% greater 4-week regrowth than Caucasian in 1988 and 1989. WW-Iron Master produced 75 and 28% greater leaf regrowth than Caucasian in 1988 and 1989 and twice as many stems both years, Leaf and stem IVDMD of WW-Iron Master averaged 2 to 6 percentage units higher than Caucasian, Leaf CP of WW-Iron Master averaged 2 percentage units higher than Caucasian during May and June, However, stem CP of WW-Iron Master averaged 1 percentage unit lower than Caucasian. Grazing management plans need to consider that the majority of bluestem forage production was restricted to a 1 month period in June. This technique of sampling 4-week regrowth every week during the growing season was an effective method for determining the seasonal regrowth pattern. RP White, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000-18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 49 IS 1 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.2307/4002723 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TP468 UT WOS:A1996TP46800007 ER PT J AU Hart, RH Laycock, WA AF Hart, RH Laycock, WA TI Repeat photography on range and forest lands in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE condition; trend; succession; invasion; brush; history ID VEGETATION CHANGES; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; NATIONAL-PARK; CALIFORNIA; GRASSLAND; INVASION; MONTANA AB Repeat photography is a valuable tool for demonstrating the effects over time of climate, management and other variables on range and forest lands, This bibliography lists 175 publications using repeat photography, with information on the ecosystems photographed, states where they are located, number of photographs, and dates when the photographs were taken. References to photography of 19 natural ecosystems, 2 cultivated ecosystems and 3 special problems are listed. The interval between photographs may be over a century or less than a year. C1 UNIV WYOMING,RANGELAND ECOL & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT DEPT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP Hart, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,HIGH PLAINS GRASSLANDS RES STN,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 177 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 49 IS 1 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.2307/4002726 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TP468 UT WOS:A1996TP46800010 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JE Brunson, MW AF Mitchell, JE Brunson, MW TI Society and Range Management: A commentary SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP Mitchell, JE (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 49 IS 1 BP 68 EP 68 DI 10.2307/4002727 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TP468 UT WOS:A1996TP46800011 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JE Wallace, GN Wells, MD AF Mitchell, JE Wallace, GN Wells, MD TI Visitor perceptions about cattle grazing on national forest land SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest recreation; forest visitor; livestock grazing; conflict ID MANAGEMENT; ISSUES AB Visitors to the Big Cimarron Watershed in the Uncompahgre National Forest, Colorado, had varying attitudes about cattle grazing, Without cuing, 9% of all visitors listed livestock as a source of interference, Local and rural Colorado residents tended to be more agreeable to livestock presence than other visitors in 1992; however, significant differences could not be detected the following year, No relationship existed between the prevalence of a perceived grazing-recreation conflict and visitors' home community size, nor the size of the community where they grew up, Visitors in dispersed campsites tended to be more critical of grazing than those in developed campgrounds. When given a choice, the number of visitors indicating that range livestock added to their stay (34%) was no different than the number stating a negative relationship (33%). Understanding visitor characteristics during range allotment planning may help lessen conflicts between livestock grazing and recreational usage by aiding in plan development and the design of effective interpretive programs. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCE RECREAT & TOURISM,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Mitchell, JE (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 49 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.2307/4002730 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TP468 UT WOS:A1996TP46800014 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP AF Hardegree, SP TI Optimization of seed priming treatments to increase low-temperature germination rate SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE matric-priming; bluebunch wheatgrass; thickspike wheatgrass; sandberg bluegrass; bottlebrush squirreltail ID VEGETABLE SEEDS; GRASSES; PERFORMANCE; POTENTIALS; STRESS AB Seeds of 4 range grass species were evaluated to determine the effects of priming-temperature, priming-water potential, and treatment-duration on subsequent germination response at 10 degrees C. Seeds of bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Love], thickspike wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn, and J.G. Smith) Gould; syn. Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn.], sandberg bluegrass (Pea sandbergii Vasey.), and bottlebrush squirreltail [Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J.G. Smith] were primed over the temperature range of 5 to 35 degrees C and the water potential range of 0 to -2.5 MPa for up to 10 days to determine optimal priming conditions among all treatment combinations that did not result in premature radicle emergence from the seed coat. Most rapid germination of treated seeds was obtained at priming temperatures considered optimal for germination of untreated seeds. Optimal priming conditions were found to be at water potentials equal to, or less negative than, the threshold water potential at which radicle emergence was prevented for untreated seeds. Germination response data for untreated seeds can be used to simplify the estimation of optimal temperature and water potential conditions for seed priming. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 49 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.2307/4002731 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TP468 UT WOS:A1996TP46800015 ER PT J AU Gale, HF AF Gale, HF TI Age cohort analysis of the 20th century decline in US farm numbers SO JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES LA English DT Article AB The demographic component of the decline in U.S. farm numbers is analysed by tracking the size of farm operator age cohorts. Interpolation of recent irregularly-spaced census data facilitates comparison with earlier agricultural censuses. Cohort profiles indicate an inverted U-shape in the relationship between farm numbers and cohort age. Successive cohorts have been smaller than their predecessors, and withdrawal rates of older operators have fallen in recent years. Projections based on entry-withdrawal patterns for 1987-1992 suggest decline in farm numbers from 1.93 million in 1992 to 1.48 million in 2002 and 1.29 million in 2007. Imbalance between withdrawing older operators and younger new entrants could encourage a broadening of the pool of farm entrants and changes in farm ownership, operating and financing arrangements. RP Gale, HF (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,RURAL ECON DIV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0743-0167 J9 J RURAL STUD JI J. Rural Stud. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0743-0167(95)00049-6 PG 11 WC Geography; Planning & Development SC Geography; Public Administration GA UB837 UT WOS:A1996UB83700002 PM 12321088 ER PT J AU Dewald, CL Henry, J Bruckerhoff, S Ritchie, J Dabney, S Shepherd, D Douglas, J Wolf, D AF Dewald, CL Henry, J Bruckerhoff, S Ritchie, J Dabney, S Shepherd, D Douglas, J Wolf, D TI Guidelines for establishing warm season grass hedges for erosion control SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID EASTERN GAMAGRASS C1 USDA, NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV, ELSBERRY, MO USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, OXFORD, MS 38655 USA. SHEPHERD FARMS INC, CLIFTON HILLS, MO USA. USDA, NRCS, COFFEEVILLE, MS USA. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. RP Dewald, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, WOODWARD, OK USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 51 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA TQ780 UT WOS:A1996TQ78000010 ER PT J AU Steinwand, AL Karlen, DL Fenton, TE AF Steinwand, AL Karlen, DL Fenton, TE TI An evaluation of soil survey crop yield interpretations for two central Iowa farms SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID MAP UNITS; PRODUCTIVITY; VIRGINIA AB This study was conducted on four adjacent 16-ha (40-ac)fields within the Clarion-Nicollet-Webster soil association to (1) determine if crop yield interpretations derived from 1:15840 soil survey maps could be used for developing field-scale management plans; and (2) to determine if soils in adjacent fields were sufficiently similar to not confound farming system comparisons. Expected crop yields were derived using a computer-based Soil information System (SIS) and compared with measured yields. Soil map units in all four fields were taxonomically variable, but this did not affect expected crop yields. Average expected and measured corn and soybean yield agreed within 9 and 12% for conventional management at the field-scale. We conclude that yield interpretations from county soil surveys ran be used to develop field-scale plans for central Iowa farms, and that taxonomic soil differences would not confound comparisons of conventional and alternative farming practices in these fields. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP Steinwand, AL (reprint author), INYO CTY WATER DEPT,BISHOP,CA 93514, USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 51 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA TQ780 UT WOS:A1996TQ78000017 ER PT J AU Pikul, JL Wilkins, DE Aase, JK Zuzel, JF AF Pikul, JL Wilkins, DE Aase, JK Zuzel, JF TI Contour ripping: A tillage strategy to improve water infiltration into frozen soil SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE AB Practices that combine stubble management for snow catch and contour-ripping for snowmelt infiltration have potential to increase water infiltration and soil water storage. Our objective was to investigate soil ripping to improve water infiltration into frozen soil. Infiltration studies on frozen soil were conducted at sites near Pendleton, Oregon (silt loam soil), and Culbertson, Montana (sandy loam soil). Ripping performed with a single chisel or parabolic subsoiling shank at 6- to 8-m intervals on the contour to a depth of 0.2 to 0.3 m. Final infiltration rate on the sandy loam averaged 11 mm h(-1) on the rip treatment and 1 mm h(-1) pm the no-rip treatment and 2 mm h(-1) on the no-rip treatment. There were no treatment differences on the silt loam when the soil was frozen 0.35 m. Soil condition at the time of ripping determined the effectiveness of tillage to improve water infiltration; there was little benefit form ripping a dry pulverized soil because loose soil flowed into the rip and obliterated the rip path. Desirable macropore structure on loose soil flowed into the rip and obliterated the rip path. Desirable macropore structure on loose soil was achieved by deferring ripping until the soil was frozen. In filtration measurement show that soil ripping has potential to increase infiltration and consequently decrease water runoff, and if used in conjunction with stubble management to maximize snow trapping, may increase overwinter soil water storage. C1 USDA ARS,PENDLETON,OR. USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID. RP Pikul, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RR3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 51 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA TQ780 UT WOS:A1996TQ78000019 ER PT J AU Owens, LB Edwards, WM VanKeuren, RW AF Owens, LB Edwards, WM VanKeuren, RW TI Sediment losses from a pastured watershed before and after stream fencing SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL LOSS; EROSION AB Livestock induced sediment loss is one of the potential detrimental imparts from om grazing grasslands. Near Coshocton, Ohio, a 26-ha unimproved pasture watershed was grazed year-around and no fertilizer was applied. A beef cow herd had access to the entire watershed study area including the small stream that originated within the watershed i.e. there was no rotational grazing in the pasture. Sediment loss via the stream was measured at the base of the watershed. Following 7 years of this management practice the stream and the wooded areas on the a sides of the stream were fenced so that the rattle no longer had access to them. During the next 5 years, with the cattle fenced out of the stream, the annual sediment concentration decreased by more than 50% and the amount of soil lost decreased by 40%. Average annual soil losses were reduced from 2.5 to 1.4 Mg/ha while annual precipitation averages were similar during each management period. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP Owens, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 51 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA TQ780 UT WOS:A1996TQ78000021 ER PT J AU Ferguson, W Yee, J Fitzner, M AF Ferguson, W Yee, J Fitzner, M TI Nonchemical pest and nutrient management practices: Limitations to adoption and policy options SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB This paper analyzes results from a 1994 survey of independent crop consultants to determine the level of adoption by farmers of nonchemical pest and nutrient management practices and to determine the major factors aiding and limiting adoption. Consultants indicated that the major limitations to adoption are lack of viable nonchemical tactics, potential lower yields, higher production costs, higher management skills required, lack of information, and lower crop quality. Suggested policies which could enhance the development and adoption of nonchemical practices include more basic and applied research, more extension education programs, and continued development of a private consulting industry. C1 USDA,CSREES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. SERV ECON RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1996 VL 7 IS 4 BP 45 EP 56 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA VC899 UT WOS:A1996VC89900005 ER PT J AU FernandezCornejo, J Kackmeister, A AF FernandezCornejo, J Kackmeister, A TI The diffusion of integrated pest management techniques SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE IPM; logit; vegetables; technology adoption/diffusion AB This paper examines the diffusion paths of selected Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques among vegetable growers in 15 states, as well as the factors influencing such paths, using static and dynamic diffusion models. The adoption of these IPM techniques appears to follow the logistic model, and the 75 percent adoption of most IPM techniques will be reached in the first quarter of the next century, if current conditions prevail. Significant differences in levels of adoption across states and crops can be accounted for by the different conditions in the regions and crops, as well as the levels of research, education, and revenues per acre. C1 USDA,SERV ECON RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 1996 VL 7 IS 4 BP 71 EP 102 PG 32 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA VC899 UT WOS:A1996VC89900007 ER PT J AU Bailey, AC Raper, RL Way, TR Burt, EC Johnson, CE AF Bailey, AC Raper, RL Way, TR Burt, EC Johnson, CE TI Soil stresses under a tractor tire at various loads and inflation pressures SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article AB Soil stresses were measured under a 18.4R38 R-l radial-ply tractor tire, operated at two levels each of dynamic load and inflation pressure. Stress state transducers were placed at two depths beneath the centerline of the path of the tractor tire in two different compaction profiles in each of two soils. Peak soil stresses and soil bulk density increased with increases in both dynamic load and inflation pressure. Copyright (C) 1996 ISTVS. RP Bailey, AC (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/0022-4898(96)00004-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA UZ748 UT WOS:A1996UZ74800001 ER PT J AU Kolomaznik, K Blaha, A Dedrle, T Bailey, DG Taylor, MM AF Kolomaznik, K Blaha, A Dedrle, T Bailey, DG Taylor, MM TI Non-ammonia deliming of cattle hides with magnesium lactate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Due to effluent limitations there is a great deal of interest in the tanning industry to find a replacement for ammonium salts currently used in the deliming process. Considerable attention has been paid to magnesium salts, in particular to magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride, either as the salt alone or in combination with various acids. Leather resulting from deliming with these magnesium salts is comparable and in some ways superior to leathers delimed with ammonium sulfate. This paper proposes the use of magnesium lactate for non-ammonia deliming of white hides. Magnesium lactate combines the advantages of deliming with lactic acid (increased solubility over the calcium salt of the acid) and the advantages of magnesium salts (improved grain quality of the finished leather). The detailed procedures and the results of tannery scale evaluations using magnesium lactate are presented. An inexpensive source of this chemical is described, prepared from a dairy industry waste effluent. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP Kolomaznik, K (reprint author), FAC TECHNOL,ZLIN,CZECH REPUBLIC. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 91 IS 1 BP 18 EP 20 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA TW771 UT WOS:A1996TW77100003 ER PT J AU KatoNoguchi, H Watada, AE AF KatoNoguchi, H Watada, AE TI Regulation of glycolytic metabolism in fresh-cut carrots under low oxygen atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Daucus carota; ATP: phosphofructokinase; fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; PPi: phosphofructokinase; respiration ID ZEA-MAYS-L; AVOCADO FRUIT; ENERGY-CHARGE; PLANTS; PYROPHOSPHATE; RESPIRATION; INDUCTION; SEEDLINGS; QUALITY; ANOXIA AB Carrot (Daucus carota L.) shreds were stored under a continuous now of air or 0.5% and 2% O-2 (balance N-2) for 9 days at 5 and 15C. The resulting changes in respiration, levels of glycolytic intermediates, and activities of ATP : phosphofructo kinase (ATP-PFK), and PPI : phosphofructokinase (PPi-PFK) were monitored. Carrots under low O-2 atmosphere exhibited an increase in RQ due to a greater reduction in O, consumption than in CO, production, and the increase in RQ was greater at 0.5% than at 2% O-2 at both temperatures. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6P) accumulated with decreased O-2 atmosphere and was 2-fold greater at 0.5% than at 2% O-2 atmosphere at both temperatures. The levels of other glycolytic intermediates were not significantly influenced by low O-2. The increase in PPi-PFK activity occurred at the same time as F1,6P accumulation. A similar relationship was not found with ATP-PFK. These results suggest that PPi-PFK may be involved in regulation of glycolysis under low O-2 atmosphere. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. KAGAWA UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT BIORESOURCE SCI,MIKI,KAGAWA 76107,JAPAN. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 121 IS 1 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL542 UT WOS:A1996TL54200021 ER PT J AU Izumi, H Watada, AE Douglas, W AF Izumi, H Watada, AE Douglas, W TI Optimum O-2 or CO2 atmosphere for storing broccoli florets at various temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea; controlled atmosphere; respiration; ethylene production; hue angle; deterioration; off-odor ID MARKET QUALITY; STORED BROCCOLI; STORAGE AB 'Marathon' broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) florets were stored in air, low O-2 (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) or high CO2 (3%, 6%, and 10%) at 0, 5, and 10C. Oxygen consumption and CO2 production were reduced under low O-2 or high CO2 atmosphere, the reduction being greater at lower O-2 and higher CO2 levels. No differences were found in ethylene production among the different atmospheres. Low O-2 and high CO2 retained color of broccoli florets to about the same extent at 10C but had no effect at 0 and 5C, Development of soft rot and browning was suppressed by low O-2 or high CO2, but offensive off-odor occurred in 0.25% O-2 at all temperatures and 0.5% O-2 at 10C, These results indicate that the best 0, and CO, levels seem to be 0.5% O-2 and 10% CO2 at O and 5C, and 1% O-2 and 10% CO2 at 10C. RP Izumi, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 121 IS 1 BP 127 EP 131 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL542 UT WOS:A1996TL54200022 ER PT J AU Carrington, CMS Pressey, R AF Carrington, CMS Pressey, R TI beta-galactosidase II activity in relation to changes in cell wall galactosyl composition during tomato ripening SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; beta-galactosidase; fruit softening ID POLYGALACTURONASE GENE; TRANSGENIC TOMATOES; ANTISENSE RNA; FRUIT; DEGRADATION; POLYSACCHARIDES; EXPRESSION; FIRMNESS AB Activity of beta-galactosidase II (EC 3.2.1.23), which can hydrolyze beta-galactan from tomato cell walls, increased markedly during ripening of 'Roma' and 'Rutgers' tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Activity of two other beta-galactosidase isozymes, incapable of galactan hydrolysis, was present in green fruit and remained unchanged throughout ripening. beta-Galactosidase II activity was not detectable in green fruit of either cultivar, appearing first at the breaker stage of 'Roma' fruit and not until the pink stage of 'Rutgers' fruit. Consistent with this, galactose loss from Na2CO3-soluble pectin (NSP) was detectable at an earlier stage in 'Roma' vs. 'Rutgers' fruit. A greater decline in NSP galactose was evident in 'Roma' fruit compared to 'Rutgers' fruit, in keeping with the higher levels and longer period of beta-galactosidase II expression in the former. Significant galactose loss from trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-soluble pectin, in contrast, was not seen until the last stage of ripening. These results indicate that the long-reported, net galactosyl loss from the cell walls of ripening tomatoes correlates with beta-galactosidase II activity. Nonetheless, the observation that softening commenced before beta-galactosidase II activity or galactose Loss was detectable suggests some other basis for the earliest stages of ripening-related fruit softening in tomato. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 27 TC 49 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 121 IS 1 BP 132 EP 136 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA TL542 UT WOS:A1996TL54200023 ER PT J AU Foster, GW Kinsella, JM Price, RD Mertins, JW Forrester, DJ AF Foster, GW Kinsella, JM Price, RD Mertins, JW Forrester, DJ TI Parasitic helminths and arthropods of greater shearwaters (Puffinus gravis) from Florida SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE greater shearwater; Puffinus gravis; cestodes; nematodes; chewing lice; mites; ticks; survey; prevalences; Florida ID ACARINA; GROUNDS AB Fifteen greater shearwaters (Puffinus gravis) collected during June 1993 from the east coast of Florida were examined for parasites. Twenty-five species were identified and included 5 nematodes, 4 cestodes, 9 mites, 6 chewing lice, and 1 tick. All birds examined were infected with at least 4 species of helminths (mean 5.2, range 4-7 species). All are known from greater shearwaters except Stegophorus diomedeae, Stegophoncs stellaepolaris, and Tetrabothrius minor. The most common helminths were the cestodes Tetrabothrius filiformis and Tetrabothrius laccocephalus and the nematode Stegophorus diomedeae, which occurred in prevalences of 100%, 93%, and 93%, respectively. All 15 birds were infested with chewing lice, but 4 birds were free of mites. Each bird was infested by at least 3 species of parasitic arthropods (mean 6.8, range 3-12 species). The most common arthropods were 2 chewing lice, Austromenopon paululum and Halipacrus gravis, both of which occurred on 100% of the birds. The bird tick, Ixodes auritulus, is reported for the first time from the east coast of the United States. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP Foster, GW (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 63 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA TP955 UT WOS:A1996TP95500015 ER PT J AU White, RA Franklin, RT AF White, RA Franklin, RT TI Prey consumption by Xylophagus cinctus De Geer larvae (Diptera: Xylophagidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Larval specimens of Xylophagus cinctus were field-collected, presented with prey, and their survival/pupation/emergence tabulated. Larvae attacked and consumed prey by ripping them with sickle-like mandibles and ingesting the body contents, confirming their insectivorous nature. Fed larvae molted, pupated and emerged as healthy adult flies (five males, (x) over bar = 9.4 days pupation, (range 4-14 days) and seven females, (x) over bar = 7.8 days pupation (range 2-14 days). C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP White, RA (reprint author), USDA,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 69 IS 1 BP 97 EP 99 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA UQ260 UT WOS:A1996UQ26000010 ER PT J AU Grusak, MA Pezeshgi, S OBrien, KO Abrams, SA AF Grusak, MA Pezeshgi, S OBrien, KO Abrams, SA TI Intrinsic Ca-42-labelling of green bean pods for use in human bioavailability studies SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE green beans; Phaseolus vulgaris; calcium nutrition; Ca-42; stable isotopes; intrinsic labelling; human nutrition ID CALCIUM; DENSITY AB A hydroponic growth procedure which enables the intrinsic Ca-42-labelling of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) has been developed. Whole-plant Ca influx was measured from planting through the period of pod expansion for a crop of 60 plants grown hydroponically in a 3 m(2) area. Total Ca influx was 10.1 mmol per plant; 35% of this influx occurred during the period of pod growth. Plants were labelled with Ca-42 via the nutrient solution during the period of pod expansion; isotopic composition of harvested pods was nearly identical to that of the administered solution. Recovery of isotopic tracer at harvest was as follows: pods 8.4%; leaves, 61.1%; stems, 17.1%, roots, 9.0%. Pod yield was 98.8 g FW per plant. Ca-42-labelled green beans can be used safely to investigate Ca bioavailability in humans. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA,AGR RES SERV,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 70 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199601)70:1<11::AID-JSFA453>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TQ062 UT WOS:A1996TQ06200002 ER PT J AU Gaffield, W Keeler, RF AF Gaffield, W Keeler, RF TI Steroidal alkaloid teratogens: Molecular probes for investigation of craniofacial malformations SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bioactive Natural Products / 13th Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY JUN 09-12, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Amer Chem Soc, USDA, W Reg Res Ctr ID GLYCOALKALOIDS; POTATO AB Holoprosencephaly, a malformation sequence that results from impaired midline cleavage of the embryonic forebrain, is expressed as a spectrum of craniofacial anomalies of which cyclopia is the most severe. The Veratrum alkaloids are the most prominent of the teratogenic agents known to induce holoprosencephaly in mammals. Jervine and 11-deoxojervine (cyclopamine) are potent steroidal alkaloid teratogens from Veratrum californicum that are responsible for inducing cyclopic malformations in sheep. Extensive structure-terata investigations of jervanes, solanidanes, and spirosolanes have shown that teratogenicity induced upon oral administration of all three structural types is significantly higher if the C-5, C-6 bond is unsaturated. Research in progress on the pathogenesis of holoprosencephalic malformations in both hamsters and humans offers the potential to provide information on the receptors involved in the expressions of these craniofacial syndromes. A clearer understanding of steroidal alkaloid-induced teratogenesis will emerge when appropriate receptor sites are revealed with which teratogenic alkaloids of slightly different structure can interact. C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84341. RP Gaffield, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 1996 VL 15 IS 4 BP 303 EP 326 PG 24 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA VY544 UT WOS:A1996VY54400002 ER PT J AU Anderson, RA Bryden, NA Polansky, MM Gautschi, K AF Anderson, RA Bryden, NA Polansky, MM Gautschi, K TI Dietary chromium effects on tissue chromium concentrations and chromium absorption in rats SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE atomic absorption; zinc; copper; iron ID GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; SUPPLEMENTATION; EXCRETION; FRUCTOSE; ACID; MICE AB Chromium (Cr) absorption is low (<1%) and there is a need to find Cr compounds that are absorbed better than inorganic Cr salts. Therefore, the incorporation of nine different chromium (Cr) compounds on tissue Cr concentration of 6-week male Wistar rats was investigated. Chromium compounds tested were Cr chloride (Cr chloride), Cr acetate (Cr acetate), Cr potassium sulfate (CrAlum), Cr trihistidine (Cr histidine), Cr triglycine (Cr glycine), Cr trinicotinic acid (CrNA), Cr dinicotinic acid dihistidine (CrNA-HIS), Cr tripicolinic acid (Cr picolinate), and Cr dinicotinic acid diglycine cysteine glutamic acid (CrNA-AA). Complexes were fed to weanling rats for 3 weeks at 5,000 ng of Cr/g of diet. Basal control diet was a cornstarch-based diet containing 30 ng Cr/g. Chromium incorporation into the kidney was greatest for CrNA-AA complex (850 ng/g dry wt) followed by CrAlum (407 ng/g), Cr acetate (397), CrNA-HIS (394), Cr picolinate (368), Cr glycine (343), Cr nicotinate (166), Cr chloride (74), CrHIS (49), and control (23 ng/g). Chromium concentration of the liver was greatest for the Cr picolinate compound (50 ng/g) followed by CrNA-AA and Cr acetate. Liver Cr concentrations of remaining complexes were not significantly different from those of the control animals that received no added Cr. Chromium concentrations were significantly greater in the kidney than those for the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, and gastrocnemius muscle. Supplemental Cr did not affect tissue zinc and copper but did alter tissue iron concentrations. Absorption of radioactive forms of Cr did not explain the differences in tissue Cr concentrations. Chromium absorption after 4 hours and retention after 24 hours were not significantly different for the forms of Cr tested. These data demonstrate that Cr concentrations are great est in the kidney and that the form of dietary Cr significantly affects tissue Cr concentrations. Absorption of Cr does not correlate with tissue Cr concentrations and blood Cr is not in equilibrium with tissue Cr stores. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 UNIV ZURICH HOSP, INST CLIN CHEM, CH-8091 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA,BHNRC,NRFL,BARC E, BLDG 307, RM 224, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 11 EP 25 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA UR630 UT WOS:A1996UR63000002 ER PT J AU Schuschke, DA Saari, JT Miller, FN Lominadze, DG AF Schuschke, DA Saari, JT Miller, FN Lominadze, DG TI Microvascular control mechanisms in copper deficiency SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE copper; inflammation; thrombosis; vasoreactivity ID PULMONARY ARTERIAL RELAXATION; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DIETARY COPPER; VONWILLEBRAND-FACTOR; RAT PLATELETS; MAST-CELL; MEMBRANE; THROMBIN; PROTEIN AB Dietary copper deficiency has long been associated with exaggerated inflammatory responses in both humans and experimental animals. However, the mechanisms for this increased response are not understood. By using the rat cremaster muscle microcirculatory model as a window to the in vivo microcirculation, we have identified and studied three functional changes occurring in the microcirculation that operate during the inflammatory response and appear to be copper-dependent. First, we documented an increased postcapillary venule leakage of protein in response to histamine released by mass cells in copper-deficient rats. This response appears to be the result of increased numbers of mast cells and thereby increased available histamine. The second microvascular change we noted in copper deficiency is that there is decreased in vivo thrombogenesis with a resulting prolonged bleeding time. Additionally, in in vitro studies platelet-endothelial cell adhesion is diminished and the platelet concentration of the adhesion molecule von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is reduced. We propose that reduced vWF-mediated platelet adhesion accounts for the depressed thrombogenesis in copper deficiency. The third difference we found is that nitric oxide-mediated arteriole vasodilation is compromised, which may lead to increased peripheral vascular resistance. This functional deficit to NO can be reversed by the addition of Cu, Zn-SOD. This suggests that it may result from increased scavenging of NO by O-2(-) during copper deprivation. These observations demonstrate that dietary copper has several important functional roles in microvascular control mechanisms affecting inflammation, microhemostasis, and resistance to blood flow. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,NV. RP Schuschke, DA (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,CTR APPL MICROCIRCULATORY RES,HLTH SCI CTR A1111,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. OI Lominadze, David/0000-0002-9911-4539 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 2 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA VK260 UT WOS:A1996VK26000003 ER PT J AU Fields, M Lewis, CG Lure, MD AF Fields, M Lewis, CG Lure, MD TI Blood glucose and insulin are modified by levels of dietary iron in copper-deficient rats SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE glucose; fructose; starch; insulin; copper; iron ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; FRUCTOSE; METABOLISM; CARBOHYDRATE; RADICALS; ANEMIA; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; DEFEROXAMINE; RESISTANCE AB The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that lowering of hepatic iron in copper-deficient rats fed fructose will modify plasma insulin and glucose. One hundred ninety-two weanling male rats were randomly assigned to eight dietary groups. These diets contained either starch or fructose, adequate or inadequate copper and adequate or low iron. Rats were fed their respective diets for 2 weeks. Following an overnight fast rats were given oral glucose loads (250 mg glucose/100 g body weight). Blood was collected at fasting and at 30, 60 and 120 min post-load. Rats that had been fed the low-iron diet tolerated oral glucose load better than those fed the adequate-iron diet. These responses, however, were not due solely to decreased iron intake, but to a combination of low-iron and low copper intake and/or fructose feeding with low iron intake. The reduced levels of hepatic and pancreatic iron were accompanied by elevations of copper levels. Fructose-fed, copper-deficient rats benefited from these changes by improving insulin efficiency. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Fields, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BHNRC,METAB NUTRIENT INTERACT LAB,BLDG 307,ROOM 323,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 3 BP 95 EP 105 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WF693 UT WOS:A1996WF69300002 ER PT J AU Bai, YS Hunt, CD AF Bai, YS Hunt, CD TI Dietary boron enhances efficacy of cholecalciferol in broiler chicks SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT North Dakota Academy of Science Meeting CY 1995 CL BISMARCK, ND DE boron; cholecalciferol; chicken; body weight; bone ID METABOLISM; SECRETION; INSULIN AB Accumulating evidence suggests that boron influences the metabolism of cholecalciferol in humans and animals. This study was designed to characterize further the relation between boron and cholecalciferol. Two 2 X 3 factorially designed experiments were conducted with boron (0 and 3 mg/kg) and cholecalciferol [0, 3.13 (Expt 1) or 5.0 (Expt 2), and 15.63 mu g/kg] supplemented to a low-boron (<0.18 mg/kg), noncholecalciferol-added basal diet. Each diet was fed to 16 broiler chicks divided in two groups, housed in plastic cages, from 1 d to either 27 d (Expt 1) or 26 d (Expt 2) of age. In Expt 1, chicks fed the basal diet, compared to those fed supplemental cholecalciferol, exhibited rickets and increased bone concentrations of sodium, potassium, zinc, copper, and manganese, and reduced bone dry weights and concentrations of iron. Supplemental boron improved growth, feed efficiency, and gait abnormalities and increased concentrations of serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, ionized calcium and triglycerides, and bone iron, and reduced concentrations of bone sodium, potassium, zinc, and copper in chicks fed 3.13, but not 0 and 15.63, mu g cholecalciferol/kg diet. Supplemental boron increased bone boron concentrations regardless of cholecalciferol status. In Expt 2, the effects of boron on these variables were similar but less pronounced. These findings suggest that boron enhances the efficacy of cholecalciferol, but boron does not substitute for the vitamin. Further study is needed to determine whether boron enhances cholecalciferol absorption or hydroxylation. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 3 BP 117 EP 132 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-670X(1996)9:3<117::AID-JTRA4>3.0.CO;2-P PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WF693 UT WOS:A1996WF69300004 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD AF Hunt, CD TI Biochemical effects of physiological amounts of dietary boron SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress of the International-Society-for-Trace-Elements-Research-in-Humans CY SEP 25-28, 1995 CL TAORMINA, ITALY SP Int Soc Trace Elements Res Human DE vitamin D; energy substrate utilization; bone; mineral metabolism ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS ROOTS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SELECTIVE-INHIBITION; MINERAL METABOLISM; DAUCUS CAROTA; BORIC-ACID; BOROMYCIN; PLANTS; BORATE; CELLS AB Research on human and animal boron nutrition has progressed sufficiently over the past decade to develop working hypotheses for biochemical roles of the element. II is well established that Vascular plants, diatoms, and some species of marine algal flagellates have acquired an absolute requirement for boron although the primary role remains unknown. Discovery of naturally-occurring boron oxy compounds, all ionophoric macrodiolide antibiotics with a single boron atom critical for activity, established at least one biochemical role of boron. Recent findings suggest that physiological amounts of supplemental dietary boron (PSB) affect a wide range of metabolic parameters in chick and rat model systems as well as humans. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D-3) regulates energy substrate utilization; current findings indicate that boron modifies that regulatory function. For example, in chicks, PSB substantially corrected vitamin D-3-deficiency-induced elevations in plasma glucose concentrations. Boron also alleviates perturbations in mineral metabolism characteristic of vitamin D-3 deficiency. In rachitic chicks, PSB alleviated distortion of the marrow sprouts in the proximal tibial epiphysial plate. Boron may help prevent inflammatory disease as several key regulatory enzymes in the inflammatory response are inhibited by PSB. The findings to date support the hypothesis that boron is essential for animals and humans. Also, boron and vitamin D-3 have the same overall effect on the utilization of energy substrates found in plasma. Further advances in boron nutrition research will probably include characterization of the mechanisms through which boron modulates immune function, insulin release, and Vitamin D metabolism. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Hunt, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 140 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 4 BP 185 EP 213 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-670X(1996)9:4<185::AID-JTRA6>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 29 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WQ176 UT WOS:A1996WQ17600006 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH TI Evidence for the nutritional essentiality of boron SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress of the International-Society-for-Trace-Elements-Research-in-Humans CY SEP 25-28, 1995 CL TAORMINA, ITALY SP Int Soc Trace Elements Res Human DE calcium; estrogen; brain function; trace elements; reactive oxygen; copper ID DIETARY BORON; POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; MINERAL METABOLISM; MAGNESIUM; WOMEN; DEPRIVATION; CALCITONIN; ESTROGEN; CHICK AB Since 1981, circumstantial evidence has been accumulating which suggests that boron is an essential nutrient for higher animals including humans; that is, a dietary deprivation of boron consistently results in changed biological functions that could be construed as detrimental and are preventable or reversible by an intake of physiological amounts of boron. Nonetheless, boron is not generally recognized as essential or nutritionally important for humans, probably because a specific biochemical function for boron has not been elucidated, or as demonstrated for plants, it has not been shown necessary to complete the life cycle. However, findings from human and animal experiments show that boron is a dynamic trace element that can affect the metabolism or utilization of numerous substances involved in life processes including calcium, copper, magnesium, nitrogen, glucose, triglyceride, reactive oxygen, and estrogen. Through these effects, boron can affect the function or composition of several body systems including blood. brain, and skeleton. Two hypotheses have appeared to account for these multiple effects. One hypothesis is that boron is a negative regulator that influences a number of metabolic pathways by competitively inhibiting some key enzyme reactions. The other hypothesis is that boron has a function involved in cell membrane function, stability, or structure such that it influences the response to hormone action, transmembrane signalling, or transmembrane movement of regulatory cations or anions. Regardless of the fact that the function of boron remains undefined, the findings from human and animal studies indicate that boron should be recognized as being of nutritional importance. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 45 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 4 BP 215 EP 229 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-670X(1996)9:4<215::AID-JTRA7>3.0.CO;2-P PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WQ176 UT WOS:A1996WQ17600007 ER PT J AU Wesley, RD Cheung, AK AF Wesley, RD Cheung, AK TI A pseudorabies virus mutant with deletions in the latency and early protein O genes: Replication, virulence, and immunity in neonatal piglets SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA; TRANSCRIPTION AB The pathogenicity of a double mutant of pseudorabies virus (PRV) with deletions in the latency gene and the early protein O gene was examined. In comparison to the parent Indiana-Funkhauser virus, the ability of this mutant to replicate and to cause disease in piglets is greatly reduced. At an infection dose that caused no clinical signs in 5-day-old neonatal piglets, this mutant was capable of eliciting solid protective immunity against a lethal PRV challenge. Thus, the double-gene deletion attenuates PRV but does not affect its immunogenicity. These features may be desirable for inclusion into future PRV vaccines. RP Wesley, RD (reprint author), NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ARS,USDA,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TT946 UT WOS:A1996TT94600003 PM 9026076 ER PT J AU Rogers, DG Andersen, AA Hunsaker, BD AF Rogers, DG Andersen, AA Hunsaker, BD TI Lung and nasal lesions caused by a swine chlamydial isolate in gnotobiotic pigs SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL CHLAMYDIA; INFECTION; PNEUMONIA; PSITTACI AB The objective of this study was to determine whether a chlamydial isolate recovered from nasal swabs from swine with pneumonia could cause pneumonia and rhinitis in gnotobiotic pigs. The identity of the isolate currently is unknown, but it shares characteristics with Chlamydia trachomatis. After propagation in Vero cells and preparation of the inoculum (2.5 x 10(10) inclusion-forming units/ml), chlamydiae were instilled into nostrils (1.0 ml/nostril) and lungs (2.0 ml intralaryngeally) of 15 anesthetized 3-day-old gnotobiotic piglets. Five age-matched gnotobiotic piglets were anesthetized and sham infected with uninfected cell culture lysates. Two treated piglets were moribund and 2 were severely dyspneic prior to necropsy 7 days postinfection (DPI), whereas remaining treated piglets showed mild dyspnea upon exertion throughout the study. All treated piglets developed diarrhea. All treated piglets necropsied 7-21 DPI had extensive consolidation in cranial, middle, and accessory lung lobes; a majority of these piglets also had extensive consolidation in the caudal lobes. Treated piglets necropsied 28 and 35 DPI had a lobular pattern of consolidation in all lung lobes. Histologically, lesions in lungs from treated piglets necropsied 7, 14, and 21 DPI were characterized by bronchointerstitial pneumonia with foci of type II pneumocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia; pneumocytes and bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells were markedly vacuolated. Alveolar macrophages, peribronchitis, peribronchiolitis, and perivasculitis were seen in lungs from treated piglets necropsied 28 and 35 DPI; those necropsied 28 DPI also had foci of lymphohistiocytic and plasmacytic infiltrates. Turbinate lesions in all treated piglets were characterized by mild multifocal lymphoplasmacytic and occasionally neutrophilic rhinitis. Immunohistochemistry detected chlamydial antigen in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, and inflammatory cells in treated piglets necropsied 7, 14, and 21 DPI. Positive staining was limited to alveolar macrophages in treated piglets necropsied 28 and 35 DPI. Chlamydial antigen was detected in turbinate epithelial cells at all necropsy intervals. Ultrastructurally, chlamydiae were seen with glycogen particles in vacuoles or free in the cytoplasm of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells and pneumocytes. The results indicated that the chlamydial isolate used in this study is a pathogen in gnotobiotic pigs. C1 NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ARS,USDA,AMES,IA 50010. RP Rogers, DG (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT VET & BIOMED SCI,VET DIAGNOST CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TT946 UT WOS:A1996TT94600007 PM 9026081 ER PT J AU Stegelmeier, BL Gardner, DR James, LF Molyneux, RJ AF Stegelmeier, BL Gardner, DR James, LF Molyneux, RJ TI Pyrrole detection and the pathologic progression of Cynoglossum officinale (houndstongue) poisoning in horses SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID CONTENT; LIVER-TISSUE; METABOLITES; TOXICITY; CATTLE; TONGUE; RATS AB Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale), a noxious weed that contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), infests pastures and fields in the western United States and Europe. The purpose of this study was to develop techniques to better diagnose PA poisoning and describe the progression of gross and microscopic lesions caused by houndstongue intoxication. Six horses were gavaged daily with a suspension of houndstongue containing 5 or 15 mg/kg total PA for 14 days. Two horses were treated similarly with ground alfalfa as controls. Liver biopsy samples and serum biochemical and hematologic values were evaluated biweekly. Within 7 days after dosing, horses treated with 15 mg/kg PA developed severe liver disease characterized by altered bile acid metabolism, elevated serum enzymes, and extensive hepatocellular necrosis with minimal periportal fibrosis and biliary hyperplasia. The condition of these animals continued to deteriorate, and they were euthanized. For several weeks after dosing, horses treated with 5 mg/kg PA were depressed, had transient elevations of serum enzymes and bile acids, and developed minimal periportal hepatocellular necrosis with fibrosis. The biochemical changes resolved by 6-8 weeks; however, the histologic disease persisted with extensive megalocytosis by week 14. Throughout the study, the rate of hepatocellular proliferation remained constant. Biliary cells had an increase in mitotic rate that correlated with the histologic changes. Hepatic tissue-bound pyrroles (PA metabolites) were identified in necropsy samples of treated animals using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and photometrically with Ehrlich's reagent. These findings suggest that pyrrole extraction and identification are useful in documenting PA exposure and that houndstongue is extremely toxic to horses. C1 WESTERN REG RES CTR,ARS,USDA,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Stegelmeier, BL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84341, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TT946 UT WOS:A1996TT94600012 PM 9026086 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, AK TI Latency characteristics of an EPO and LLT mutant of pseudorabies virus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA; GENE; TRANSCRIPTION; REACTIVATION; INFECTION; GENOME; SWINE RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AGR RES SERV,USDA,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 112 EP 115 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TT946 UT WOS:A1996TT94600018 PM 9026066 ER PT J AU delaConchaBermejillo, A MagnusCorral, S Brodie, SJ Rosenbusch, RF DeMartini, JC AF delaConchaBermejillo, A MagnusCorral, S Brodie, SJ Rosenbusch, RF DeMartini, JC TI Pathologic responses of lambs to experimental inoculation with Acholeplasma laidlawii SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID MYCOPLASMA; PATHOGENICITY; INFECTION; INDUCTION; SHEEP; BLOOD; OVINE; UDDER; AIDS; DNA C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80532. USDA ARS,ABADRL,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP delaConchaBermejillo, A (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,SAN ANGELO,TX 76901, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TT946 UT WOS:A1996TT94600019 PM 9026067 ER PT J AU Gray, ML Harmon, BG Sales, L Dubey, JP AF Gray, ML Harmon, BG Sales, L Dubey, JP TI Visceral neosporosis in a 10-year-old horse SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID TISSUE-SECTIONS; CANINUM; DOGS; APICOMPLEXA C1 WILKES CTY VET SERV, WASHINGTON, GA USA. ARS, USDA, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Gray, ML (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT VET PATHOL, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 11 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 130 EP 133 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TT946 UT WOS:A1996TT94600024 PM 9026072 ER PT J AU Goff, WL Foreyt, W Hunter, DL AF Goff, WL Foreyt, W Hunter, DL TI Susceptibility of elk (Cervus elaphus) to experimental infection with Anaplasma marginale and A-Ovis SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anaplasmosis; Anaplasma marginale; Anaplasma ovis; experimental infection; elk; Cervus elaphus ID CARD AGGLUTINATION-TEST; BIGHORN SHEEP; AMERICAN BISON; DERMACENTOR; PERSISTENCE; CALIFORNIA AB Anaplasma ovis was experimentally transmitted from domestic sheep to elk (Cervus elaphus) and back to splenectomized sheep. No rickettsemias were detected but serum from three of seven experimentally inoculated elk developed Anaplasma spp.-reactive antibody as measured by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) or by the rapid card agglutination and complement fixation assays. Three elk were experimentally infected with A. marginale, The rickettsiae were detected in blood of these elk and caused disease in a splenectomized domestic bovine calf after subinoculation of blood from the elk. All three elk had positive titers with IIF. No clinical signs of illness were noted in any elk inoculated with either Anaplasma species. C1 USDA ARS, ANIM DIS RES UNIT, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, COLL VET MED, DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. IDAHO DEPT FISH & GAME, BOISE, ID 83707 USA. IDAHO DEPT AGR, BOISE, ID 83707 USA. RP Goff, WL (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO, CAINE VET TEACHING & RES CTR, 1020 E HOMEDALE RD, CALDWELL, ID 83605 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TP805 UT WOS:A1996TP80500010 PM 8627938 ER PT J AU Baker, DG Speer, CA Yamaguchi, A Griffey, SM Dubey, JP AF Baker, DG Speer, CA Yamaguchi, A Griffey, SM Dubey, JP TI An unusual coccidian parasite causing pneumonia in a northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Passeriformes; northern cardinal; Cardinalis cardinalis; pulmonary, parasite; protozoon; Lankesterella; Atoxoplasma ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; APICOMPLEXA; PROTOZOA; DOGS AB In June 1993 an unusual coccidian parasite was identified in lung tissue from a northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) collected near Tucson, Arizona (USA), which died in respiratory distress. Histologically there was evidence of severe, generalized interstitial pneumonia, associated with the parasite. Both asexual and sexual stages were seen. Schizonts, gamonts, and sporulated oocysts were seen in lung tissue. The parasite most closely resembled coccidia of the genus Lankesterella. This is the first report of such a coccidian parasite in the alveolar tissue of a cardinal. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,ANIM RESOURCES SERV,DAVIS,CA 95616. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MOLEC BIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,ANIM COMMUN LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 130 EP 132 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TP805 UT WOS:A1996TP80500022 PM 8627925 ER PT J AU Luttrell, MP Creekmore, LH Mertins, JW AF Luttrell, MP Creekmore, LH Mertins, JW TI Avian tick paralysis caused by Ixodes brunneus in the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ixodes brunneus; Ixodidae; tick paralysis; Passeriformes AB Between 1988 and 1994, 16 definitive and 26 presumptive cases of tick paralysis were diagnosed in 10 species of birds from five southeastern states in the USA. All birds had engorged adult female Ixodes brunneus ticks on the head region and were partially paralyzed or dead. Cases occurred in the winter and early spring months, and most birds were passerines found in private yards or near feeders. All stages of I. brunneus feed exclusively on birds, and this species previously has been associated with avian tick paralysis. Little is known concerning the life cycle of this ixodid tick and its impact on wild bird populations. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP Luttrell, MP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TP805 UT WOS:A1996TP80500023 PM 8627926 ER PT J AU Bowyer, RT Kie, JG VanBallenberghe, V AF Bowyer, RT Kie, JG VanBallenberghe, V TI Sexual segregation in black-tailed deer: Effects of scale SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black-tailed deer; California; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; scale; sexual segregation ID SOUTHERN MULE DEER AB We studied sexual segregation in a migratory population of Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) on Big Flat in the Trinity Alps of northern California. During 20 June-20 August 1992, we examined the effects of spatial and temporal scales on measurements of sexual segregation by dividing our study area into 56 16-ha quadrats, the smallest area in which we could map locations of deer accurately. We observed and recorded locations of deer by driving a 9-km fixed transect each morning and evening. We analyzed observations made near parturition (29 Jun-31 Jul) to determine spatial separation of the sexes, and to avoid a bias from deer migrating to and from Big Flat. We combined adjacent quadrats to obtain sampling units of 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 176, and 192 ha, We arbitrarily required a quadrat to contain observations with greater than or equal to 90% of a single sex to be considered segregated. We hypothesized that the scale of our analyses would influence measures of sexual segregation. We analyzed the degree of sexual segregation on a spatial (all observations of a quadrat combined for the entire 5 weeks) and a temporal-spatial scale (samples of a quadrat analyzed by week) to test the null hypothesis that quadrat size was unrelated to the degree of sexual segregation. For all quadrat sizes, the degree of segregation was greater (10-25%) for temporal-spatial than spatial analysis, but the pattern in declining degree of segregation with increasing quadrat size was similar for both methods. We assessed whether male:female ratios departed significantly from the 0.27:1.00 ratio for our 5-week sample of the study area to determine if the ratio of deer available to sample biased our measure of sexual segregation. Male:female ratios differed significantly from 0.27:1.00 for all quadrats, but the degree of difference declined with increasing quadrat size. We used a one-tailed runs test to determine whether the sexes were distributed contagiously (i.e., segregated) across our study for all sizes of quadrats. This analysis suggested that quadrats of 80 ha should be used to sample the degree of sexual segregation in our study area. The size of the sampling unit had considerable effect on degree of sexual segregation we measured; failure to consider scale in such samples holds the potential to misinterpret data. We suggest that natural variation in patches of vegetation may provide more reliable sampling units for measuring sexual segregation than arbitrarily chosen sizes of quadrats, or that the effects of scale need to be evaluated. C1 UNIV ALASKA,DEPT BIOL & WILDLIFE,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. RP Bowyer, RT (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,INST ARCTIC BIOL,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 23 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.2307/3802034 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA TU165 UT WOS:A1996TU16500002 ER PT J AU Tobin, ME Koehler, AE Sugihara, RT AF Tobin, ME Koehler, AE Sugihara, RT TI Comparison of bait markers for black rats SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bait markers; metallic flakes; oil-soluble dye; rats Rattus rattus; tetracycline hydrochloride AB Rodenticides are a necessary part of successful large-scale rodent control programs, but poor bait acceptance by rats compromises the effectiveness of many baiting programs. Non-toxic bait markers are one approach for assessing consumption and identifying the cause of failure. In single-feeding laboratory bioassays, we evaluated metallic flakes, Solvent Blue 36 oil-soluble dye, and tetracycline hydrochloride (THC) as bait markers for monitoring consumption of oat greats by captive black rats (Rattus rattus). We detected metallic flakes (0.3% [g/g] dietary concentration) in the gastroinlestinal (GI) tracts of all 12 rats examined immediately following a single 24-hour feeding trial but in only 1 of 12 rats examined 48 hours later. We easily detected Solvent Blue 36 oil-soluble dye (0.1% to 0.5% [g/g]) in subcutaneous, abdominal, and genital fat of 7 of 8 rats 2 days after feeding, but found it in only 6 of 12 rats examined 5 days after feeding. Dye applied at 1.0% and 1.5% (g/g) persisted in all 8 rats inspected 5 days after feeding, but reduced consumption (P < 0.05) at these levels suggests that concentrations greater than or equal to 1% are unpalatable to rats. Dietary concentrations of THC from 0.5% to 1.0% (g/g) produced a golden-yellow fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) illumination on the incisors and growing points of the mandibles of all rats examined 3 and 14 days after feeding. Because THC had no apparent effect on consumption (P = 0.28), it offers a reliable means of detecting consumption by black rats and thus, of determining whether poor results with rodenticides are due to poor bail acceptance. RP Tobin, ME (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 10880,HILO,HI 96721, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.2307/3802056 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA TU165 UT WOS:A1996TU16500024 ER PT J AU Santana, MAE Baumann, MGD Conner, AH AF Santana, MAE Baumann, MGD Conner, AH TI Phenol-formaldehyde plywood adhesive resins prepared with liquefied bark of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBOXYMETHYLATED WOOD AB In this study, whole bark and tannin-free bark from black wattle were liquefied in phenol in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst. The resulting solutions were reacted with formalin in basic solution to yield resol resins that had 33% of the phenol replaced by liquefied bark. Preparation of three-ply Southern Pine plywood showed that the resins made with liquefied whole bark performed better than those prepared with tannin-free bark. At low veneer moisture content, panels bonded with the best liquefied bark resin had properties similar to panels bonded with the commercially available phenol-formaldehyde resins that were tested. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Santana, MAE (reprint author), IBAMA,LAB PROD FLORESTAIS,SAIN AV L-4 LOTE 04,BR-70818900 BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1080/02773819608545779 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA TX512 UT WOS:A1996TX51200001 ER PT J AU Lipman, RD Chrisp, CE Hazzard, DWG Bronson, RT AF Lipman, RD Chrisp, CE Hazzard, DWG Bronson, RT TI Pathologic characterization of Brown Norway, Brown Norway x Fischer 344, and Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats with relation to age SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BODY-WEIGHT; NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCES; DIETARY RESTRICTION; AGING RESEARCH; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; MODEL; MICE AB The rat is a common laboratory animal utilized in a variety of investigations including experimental gerontology. Gerontologic investigations can be compromised when the differences observed when comparing young and old animals are actually differences between normal and disease states. It is of critical interest to know the pathology of the animals being studied and to understand the impact of these disease processes on the parameters being measured. The incidence and average age of occurrence for lesions have been characterized and are reported here for ane inbred (Brown Norway) and two hybrid strains (Brown Norway x Fischer 344 and Fischer 344 x Brown Norway) of rat. Total lesion incidence functions as a biomarker of aging for all of the strains examined (p less than or equal to .00001). These three genotypes have significantly lower incidence of several major pathologic processes (including glomerulonephritis, retinal atrophy, and leukemia) than do the Fischer 344 and the Wistar rats, two commonly utilized strains. Additionally, the BN and F344 x BN F-1 hybrid attain 50% mortality at 130 and 146 weeks of age, respectively, which is significantly greater than the 103 weeks for the F344 rat. It is hoped that access to basic information on these three rat genotypes will increase their utilization by the community of gerontologic scientists. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,UNIT LAB ANIM MED,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NIA,BIOL AGING PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Lipman, RD (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-077747, N01-AG-7-2102]; PHS HHS [2555-1] NR 25 TC 153 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 3 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 51 IS 1 BP B54 EP B59 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA TP043 UT WOS:A1996TP04300009 PM 8548501 ER PT J AU Bostom, AG Shemin, D Lapane, KL Hume, AL Yoburn, D Nadeau, MR Bendich, A Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH AF Bostom, AG Shemin, D Lapane, KL Hume, AL Yoburn, D Nadeau, MR Bendich, A Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH TI High dose B-vitamin treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in dialysis patients SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CONTAINING AMINO-ACIDS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELL INJURY; CHRONIC-RENAL-FAILURE; FOLIC-ACID; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; CYSTEINE-HOMOCYSTEINE; HEMODIALYSIS; DISEASE; RISK; HOMOCYST(E)INE AB Hyperhomocysteinemia, an arteriosclerotic risk factor, persists in 75% of dialysis patients despite routine low dose supplementation with the B-vitamin co-factors/substrates for homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism, and normal or supernormal plasma status of these vitamins (Atherosclerosis 114:93, 1995). We conducted a placebo-controlled eight-week trial of the effect on plasma homocysteine of adding supraphysiologic dose folic acid (15 mg/day), B-6 (100 mg/day), and B-12 (1 mg/day) to the usual daily dosing of 1 mg folic acid, 10 mg Ed, and 12 mu g B-12, in 27 hyperhomocysteinemic dialysis patients. Total plasma homocysteine was measured at baseline, and after four and eight weeks. Blinded analyses revealed no evidence of toxicity in the group randomized to supraphysiologic dose B-vitamin supplementation. Plasma homocysteine was significantly reduced after both four weeks (-29.8% vs. -2.0%; P = 0.0024) and eight weeks (-25.8% vs. +0.6%; P = 0.0009) of active versus placebo treatment. Also, 5 of 15 treated versus 0 of 12 placebo group patients had their plasma Hey reduced to within the normative range (< 15 mu mol/liter). Supraphysiologic doses of B-vitamins may be required to correct hyper homocysteinemia in dialysis patients. C1 RHODE ISL HOSP,DIV RENAL DIS,PROVIDENCE,RI 02902. BROWN UNIV,MEM HOSP RHODE ISL,DIV HLTH EDUC,PAWTUCKET,RI 02860. ROCHE VITAMINS & FINE CHEM,PARAMUS,NJ. RP Bostom, AG (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 44 TC 225 Z9 231 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 49 IS 1 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1038/ki.1996.19 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA TM411 UT WOS:A1996TM41100019 PM 8770960 ER PT J AU Dorsa, WJ Cutter, CN Siragusa, GR AF Dorsa, WJ Cutter, CN Siragusa, GR TI Evaluation of six sampling methods for recovery of bacteria from beef carcass surfaces SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXCISION AB SIX bacterial sampling methods that might be used for rapid sampling of beef carcasses were evaluated in two separate studies. In Study I, bacterial recovery from uninoculated beef rounds was 2.6, 2.3, 2.1 and 1.3 log(10) cfu cm(-2), respectively for excision (EX), and swabbing with cheesecloth (CC), sponge (SP) and cotton-tipped wooden swabs (CS). For Study 2, beef tissue was inoculated with bovine faeces at different levels and the mean recovery was 3.7, 3.0, 3.1 and 3.1 log(10) cfu cm(-2), respectively for EX, and swabbing With SP, griddle screen (GS) and 3M mesh (M). For both studies EX was determined to be the most consistently effective method while the initial study determined swabbing with CS nias the least effective of the methods used. In both studies the most abrasive materials approached the effectiveness of EX even at low inoculation levels. As the inoculation levels increased, the additional effect of abrasiveness was Lessened. When the carcasses were contaminated with bovine faeces, the bacterial populations that were rapidly recoverable from beef tissue using SP, GS or M were not significantly lower than those recovered using EX. Consequently SP, GS or M are an adequate method of beef carcass sampling for rapid, in-plant process monitoring to detect faecal contamination. RP Dorsa, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 11 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 22 IS 1 BP 39 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1996.tb01104.x PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA TP244 UT WOS:A1996TP24400010 PM 8588886 ER PT J AU Kwang, J Littledike, ET Keen, JE AF Kwang, J Littledike, ET Keen, JE TI Use of the polymerase chain reaction for Salmonella detection SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE; GENES; PCR AB A primer set of oligonucleotides (S18 and S19) from the ompC gene of Salmonella has been evaluated for specific detection of Salmonella by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This primer set successfully amplified 40 Salmonella serovars (60 isolates), but not 24 non-Salmonella bacteria (42 isolates) that have been tested so far. The uniqueness of these primer sequences was also confirmed. The sensitivity of PCR detection in extracted chromosomal DNA for Salm. typhimurium was 1 pg. The sensitivity for boiled whole bacteria was 400 cells. The detection of Salm. typhimurium in ground beef samples required 4-6 h enrichment with an initial inocula of 100 bacteria. RP Kwang, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 11 TC 80 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 22 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1996.tb01106.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA TP244 UT WOS:A1996TP24400012 PM 8588887 ER PT S AU Ort, DR Whitmarsh, J AF Ort, DR Whitmarsh, J BE Jennings, RC Zucchelli, G Ghetti, F Colombetti, G TI Photosynthetic electron transfer and energy transduction in plants SO LIGHT AS AN ENERGY SOURCE AND INFORMATION CARRIER IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES A, LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Light as Energy Source and Information Carrier in Plant Photophysiology CY SEP 26-OCT 06, 1994 CL VOLTERRA, ITALY SP NATO C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1213 BN 0-306-45383-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 287 BP 17 EP 29 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Plant Sciences GA BF84B UT WOS:A1996BF84B00002 ER PT J AU Jensen, CL Chen, HM Fraley, JK Anderson, RE Heird, WC AF Jensen, CL Chen, HM Fraley, JK Anderson, RE Heird, WC TI Biochemical effects of dietary linoleic alpha-linolenic acid ratio in term infants SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dietary Fat and Neural Development, at the AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo CY MAY 07-11, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AOCS, Wyeth Ayerst, Mead Johnson, Martek Biosci, Nestle, Ross Labs ID FATTY-ACID; HUMAN-MILK; BREAST-MILK; FORMULA; BIRTH; OIL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; ERYTHROCYTES; METABOLISM; ACCRETION AB Recent statements concerning linoleic (LA) and a-linolenic acid (LNA) intakes for infants include a desirable range of LA/LNA ratios. To evaluate several dietary LA/LNA ratios, the fatty acid patterns of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid fractions, as well as plasma total lipid fractions, were determined shortly after birth and at 21, 60, and 120 d of age in term infants fed formula with 16% of fat as LA and either 0.4, 0.95, 1.7, or 3.2% as LNA (LA/LNA ratios of approximately 44, 18, 10, and 5). The content of all n-3 fatty acids in both plasma fractions was higher at all times in infants who received the highest LNA intake; however, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content was only half that shortly after birth or reported in breast-fed infants of comparable ages. The LA content of plasma lipids of all groups was higher at all times than shortly after birth but did not differ among groups. The arachidonic acid (AA) content was higher in infants who received the lowest LNA intake, but only half that at birth or reported in breast-fed infants. In contrast, the DHA content of the erythrocyte phospholipid fraction did not differ among groups until 120 d of age when it was higher in those who received the highest LNA intake and the AA content of this fraction did not differ among groups at any time. These data demonstrate that dietary LA/LNA ratios between 5 and 44 do not result in plasma or erythrocyte lipid levels of DHA or plasma lipid levels of AA similar to those at birth or reported by others in breast-fed infants. However, the data indicate that the LA/LNA ratio of the formula is an important determinant of the amounts of DHA and AA required to achieve plasma and erythrocyte levels of these fatty acids similar to those of breast-fed infants. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP Jensen, CL (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY00871, EY04149] NR 41 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1007/BF02522419 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA TP733 UT WOS:A1996TP73300017 PM 8649227 ER PT S AU Farrell, HM Cooke, PH King, G Hoagland, PD Groves, ML Kumosinski, TF Chu, B AF Farrell, HM Cooke, PH King, G Hoagland, PD Groves, ML Kumosinski, TF Chu, B BE Parris, N Kato, A Creamer, LK Pearce, J TI Particle sizes of casein submicelles and purified k-casein - Comparisons of dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy with predictive three-dimensional molecular models SO MACROMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN FOOD TECHNOLOGY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 95) CY DEC 17-25, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BOVINE KAPPA-CASEIN; MICELLES AB The colloidal complexes of skim milk, the casein micelles, are thought to be composed of spherical submicellar aggregates which are the result of protein-protein interactions. Studies on submicellar particles will help to elucidate the overall structure and function of these colloidal particles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies on caseinate solutions in a Pipes-KCl buffer at pH 6.75 and in the absence of calcium ions showed a bimodal distribution with comparable scattering intensity contributions using the CONTIN method of analysis. Based on the weight fraction of submicelles and that of the aggregates, the casein solution is overwhelmingly in the submicellar form with radii in the 10 nm range. Similar results were obtained for purified kappa-casein, the protein responsible for colloid stability; its weight average radius was found to be 12 nm. Electron microscopy (EM) using uranyl acetate-negative staining showed that both whole caseinate and kappa-casein occur as irregular spherical particles and the number average sizes for their radii in this buffer were 7.7 and 8.8 nm, respectively, which are in agreement with DLS data. To develop a molecular basis for the reasons why these two different groups of particles appear so similar, the EM data were compared with previously developed three dimensional molecular models for submicellar caseinate and kappa-casein. Good correlations for the shapes and sizes of these casein aggregates can be drawn from the models and structural alterations may be predicted for generation of new functional properties. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK, DEPT CHEM, LONG ISL CITY, NY 11794 USA. RP Farrell, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, WYNDMOOR, PA 19038 USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3466-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 650 BP 61 EP 79 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BG78A UT WOS:A1996BG78A00005 ER PT S AU McHugh, TH AF McHugh, TH BE Parris, N Kato, A Creamer, LK Pearce, J TI Effects of macromolecular interactions on the permeability of composite edible films SO MACROMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN FOOD TECHNOLOGY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 95) CY DEC 17-25, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; EMULSION FILMS; BILAYER FILMS AB Polysaccharides, proteins and lipids represent the three main categories of macromolecules found in edible films. Polysaccharide and protein films are good gas barriers, but poor moisture barriers. Pure lipid films are good moisture barriers, yet poor gas barriers. Considerable interest exists in the development of composite edible films that utilize the favorable functional characteristics of each class of macromolecule. A considerable amount of research has focused on polysaccharide-lipid edible films. Polysaccharides commonly do not form true emulsions with lipids; therefore, the resultant films exhibit bilayer structures with drastically improved permeability. Lipid particle size distributions significantly affect the water vapor permeability of protein-lipid emulsion films. Decreases in particle diameters result in improved water barriers, due to increasing interfacial interactions. Effects of protein-polysaccharide coacervate interactions are also reviewed. RP McHugh, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3466-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 650 BP 134 EP 144 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BG78A UT WOS:A1996BG78A00011 ER PT S AU Hoagland, PD AF Hoagland, PD BE Parris, N Kato, A Creamer, LK Pearce, J TI Films from pectin, chitosan, and starch SO MACROMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN FOOD TECHNOLOGY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 95) CY DEC 17-25, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID SOLID-STATE; MEMBRANES; SALTS AB Clear films from aqueous blends of chitosan HCl and high methoxy pectin, with glycerol added as plasticizer, had good dynamic mechanical properties. The pectin stabilized chitosan HCl films and prevented shrinkage and opacity, which presumably was the result of slow crystallization of chitosan HCl. Starch, added as a composite to chitosan HCl films, also stabilized the chitosan films with some reduction in dynamic mechanical properties. RP Hoagland, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, WYNDMOOR, PA 19038 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3466-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 650 BP 145 EP 154 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BG78A UT WOS:A1996BG78A00012 ER PT J AU Tobin, ME Sugihara, RT Koehler, AE Ueunten, GR AF Tobin, ME Sugihara, RT Koehler, AE Ueunten, GR TI Seasonal activity and movements of Rattus rattus (Rodentia, Muridae) in a Hawaiian macadamia orchard SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article ID MICROHABITAT USE; MOONLIGHT; RATS AB We determined activity and movements of Rattus rattus in a Hawaiian macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) orchard from 3,006 radio locations of 54 individuals during 3 periods of the crop cycle. Most rats remained in burrows during the day, emerged 1-2 hours after sunset, ascended into the canopy, and returned to their burrows 1-2 hours before sunrise. Minimum convex polygon home ranges averaged 0.20 ha (SE = 0.02) and did not vary between sexes (P = 0.17) or among peak anthesis (flowering), midseason, and peak harvest (P = 0.54). Movements as measured by median distance from center of activity averaged 15.4 m (range = 5.6 - 35.7 m) and also did not vary between sexes (P = 0.66) or among periods of the crop cycle (P = 0.10). Only 2 of 51 rats initially captured in the orchard ventured outside the study block. Rats selectively (P = 0.009) utilized variety 660 compared to variety 508 when the former variety had an abundance of mature or nearly mature nuts. Managers should concentrate damage control efforts in the orchard rather than adjacent windbreaks and waste areas, should place rodenticide baits directly in burrows or trees at greater than or equal to 5 locations/ha, and may be able to reduce rodenticide use by selectively baiting in tree varieties that have mature nuts. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,HILO,HI 96721. MAUNA LOA MACADAMIA NUT CORP,HILO,HI 96720. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 5 PU MUSEUM NAT HIST NATURELLE PI PARIS PA 55 RUE DE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0025-1461 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1515/mamm.1996.60.1.3 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA UY196 UT WOS:A1996UY19600001 ER PT B AU Guthrie, JF Saltos, EA AF Guthrie, JF Saltos, EA BE Hill, RP Taylor, CR TI Food choices and fat intakes of food label users before and after implementation of the NLEA SO MARKETING AND PUBLIC POLICY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE AMERICAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 1996 Marketing and Public Policy Conference CY MAY 17-18, 1996 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Mkt Assoc, Mkt & Soc SIG, Mkt Sci Inst, J Public Policy & Mkt C1 USDA,CTR NUTR POLICY & PROMOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MARKETING ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 250 SOUTH WACKER DRIVE, CHICAGO, IL 60606 BN 0-87757-260-7 J9 AMA CONF P PY 1996 VL 6 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Business; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BJ86R UT WOS:A1996BJ86R00003 ER PT J AU Croan, SC Highley, TL AF Croan, SC Highley, TL TI Fungal removal of wood sapstain caused by Ceratocystis coerulescens SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Article DE biological control; glucose oxidase; Ceratocystis coerulescens; Bjerkandera adusta; Talaromyces flavus; catalase; ligninase; peroxidase; sapstain ID LIGNIN-DEGRADING ENZYME; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; PEROXIDASE-ACTIVITY; TALAROMYCES-FLAVUS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; DECOLORIZATION; PURIFICATION; PENETRATION; DEGRADATION AB Although sapstain fungi do not reduce the strength of wood, they discolor wood and wood products, posing a major economic problem for the wood industry. The purpose of this study was to determine if metabolites from Bjerkandera adusta and Talaromyces flavus would (1) remove sapstain in wood caused by Ceratocystis coerulescens and (2) inhibit sapstain by C. coerulescens. We studied the interaction of the sapstain fungus with the test fungi in dual cultures on agar medium. The metabolites obtained from the test fungi were examined on pine veneer disks stained with C. coerulescens. Our results indicate that the test fungi were antagonistic to C. coerulescens. The combination of metabolites produced by the antagonists removed sapstain and killed existing fungal growth. In future work, we will identify fungal metabolites capable of removing sapstain and test their efficacy on sapstained wood. RP USDA, FOREST PROD LAB, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN PA POSTFACH 410329, 12113 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1996 VL 30 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA UU248 UT WOS:A1996UU24800005 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Lebow, ST AF Johnson, BR Lebow, ST TI Relative tolerance of CCA by larvae and adults of the common shipworm, Bankia gouldi SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Article DE Bankia; shipworm; CCA; toxicity; wood preservation; marine borer; larvae RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN 41 PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1996 VL 30 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA UU248 UT WOS:A1996UU24800008 ER PT J AU Darrah, LL Barry, BD Coe, EH AF Darrah, LL Barry, BD Coe, EH TI Marcus S. Zuber - An appreciation SO MAYDICA LA English DT Item About an Individual ID STALK CRUSHING STRENGTH; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; MAIZE GERMPLASM; CORN; RESISTANCE; SELECTION; LOCATIONS; KERNELS; SILKS C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Darrah, LL (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UM592 UT WOS:A1996UM59200002 ER PT J AU Byrne, PF Darrah, LL Snook, ME Wiseman, BR Widstrom, NW Moellenbeck, DJ Barry, BD AF Byrne, PF Darrah, LL Snook, ME Wiseman, BR Widstrom, NW Moellenbeck, DJ Barry, BD TI Maize silk-browning, maysin content, and antibiosis to the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L; silks; maysin; insect resistance ID LARVAE LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; GROWTH AB Silks of some maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes turn brown after wounding, while those of other genotypes do not change color. The browning response involves the oxidation of flavones to quinones, and is believed to be controlled by the p1 locus. A flavone glycoside known as maysin occurs in silks of many genotypes, is a growth retardant to the corn earworm (CEW) Helicoverpa ten (Boddie), and is among the compounds that undergo a browning reaction. Our study sought to determine whether selection for browning and nonbrowning silks would result in correlated changes in levels of antibiosis to CEW and in concentrations of maysin. The population '10LDD Sel. Rec. Cycle 0' underwent five cycles of divergent recurrent selection based solely on the browning reaction to form two populations with nearly all browning or all nonbrowning silks ('10LDD-BR' and '10LDD-NBR', respectively). A three-location evaluation showed highly significant differences (P < 0.001) between 10LDD-BR and 10LDD-NBR, respectively, for concentrations of silk maysin (0.185 vs. 0.000% silk fresh weight) and the related compounds 3'-methoxymaysin (0.029 vs. 0.000% silk fresh weight) and chlorogenic acid (0.046 vs. 0.012% silk fresh weight). In a dried silk bioassay based on CEW growth and development, silks of 10LDD-BR resulted in smaller 8-d larval weights (63 vs. 335 g) and longer time to pupation (18.6 vs. 13.3 d) than those of 10LDD-NBR (P < 0.001 for both traits). Selection for browning silks was an easily implemented and effective method for increasing silk maysin concentration and CEW resistance (antibiosis) in 10LDD, but would not necessarily be as effective in all populations segregating for that trait. C1 USDA ARS,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Byrne, PF (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UM592 UT WOS:A1996UM59200003 ER PT J AU Scott, GE AF Scott, GE TI Association of bright greenish yellow fluorescence and aflatoxin in grain of maize inbreds SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE maize breeding; Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxin; fluorescing particles ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; DIVERSE LOCATIONS; PREHARVEST CORN; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION; HYBRIDS; INFECTION; FIELD AB Breeding for resistance to aflatoxin, which is produced by Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr in maize (Zen mays L.), is the most practical method to reduce or eliminate aflatoxin in this very important crop. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using data on the number of fluorescing particles (fluorescence detected under a ''black light'') in ground grain to select genotypes with low levels of aflatoxin. Based on data collected in 1992, 20 inbreds were selected for their low number of fluorescing grain particles and low aflatoxin, and 10 were selected for high values. Thus, 30 inbreds were grown and evaluated in 1993 and 1994. The group of 20 inbreds included one with known resistance to kernel infection by A. flavus and anatoxin, and the group of 10 inbreds included a known susceptible inbred. Overall, the group selected for low Values had a lower number of fluorescing particles and lower aflatoxin levels than the group selected for high values. Over two years, the resistant inbred averaged 4.7 fluorescing particles per sample and 26 ng g(-1) aflatoxin compared to 60.1 and 2513 for the susceptible inbred. My data suggest that number of fluoreseing particles can be used to select genotypes with low aflatoxin contamination and discard the large number of susceptible genotypes. Thus, only genotypes with low number of fluorescing particles would need to be assayed for aflatoxin, thereby markedly reducing costs in the breeding program to develop aflatoxin resistant genotypes. C1 MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPTL STN,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP Scott, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UM592 UT WOS:A1996UM59200007 ER PT J AU Widstrom, NW Forster, MJ Martin, WK Wilson, DM AF Widstrom, NW Forster, MJ Martin, WK Wilson, DM TI Agronomic performance in the southeastern United States of maize hybrids containing tropical germplasm SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L; corn; tropical hybrids; aflatoxin contamination; late-planted maize ID AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; HETEROTIC PATTERNS; COMBINING ABILITY; CORN BELT; POPULATIONS; REGISTRATION AB Numerous maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with tropical germplasm are being evaluated for possible use in the southeastern United States because of their adaptation to the climate and their potential for resistance to insects and diseases indigenous to the South. Twelve tropical-derived hybrids and three hybrids adapted to temperate areas were evaluated for eight traits in 1992 and 1993 at one location using two planting dates in a randomized complete block design experiment with five replications. Significant differences (P less than or equal to 0.01) existed among hybrids for all traits. Interactions with environment were most prevalent for yield, grain quality, and grain aflatoxin concentration arising from knife inoculation with a Spore suspension of Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries. Several tropical hybrids with acceptable ear height and resistance to lodging were identified over the range of maturities ( > 2 wk) expressed by the entries. Five hybrids realized < 20 ng g(-1) aflatoxin contamination, while average levels for more than one-half of the tropical hybrids tested exceeded mio to four times that amount. Several hybrids demonstrated no increase in aflatoxin in the highly contaminated late planting of 1993. Yields were reduced by greater than 50% for adapted hybrids when late-planted, while several hybrids with tropical germplasm had yield reductions of approximately one-half that amount (21-29%). These results suggest that hybrids containing tropical germ plasm are a viable option for a late-planted maize crop on the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. RP Widstrom, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UM592 UT WOS:A1996UM59200009 ER PT J AU HerediaDiaz, O Alsirt, A Darrah, LL Coe, EH AF HerediaDiaz, O Alsirt, A Darrah, LL Coe, EH TI Allelic frequency changes in the MoSCSSS maize synthetic in response to bi-directional recurrent selection for rind penetrometer resistance SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE allelic frequency; rind penetrometer; Zea mays L; stalk strength ID ZEA-MAYS-L; GRAIN-YIELD; POPULATION; GENE; LOCI AB Stalk lodging continues to be one of the limiting factors in production of maize (Zen mays L.). Production under intensive conditions, including high plant density and soil fertility; often results in increased stalk lodging. The stalk rind penetrometer has been used successfully to improve stalk strength. Molecular markers and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage maps for maize allow identification and analysis of specific regions of the genome favored by phenotypic selection. Objectives of this study were. i) to identify allelic frequency changes al RFLP loci, occurring in Missouri Second Cycle Stiff Stalk Synthetic (MoSCSSS) resulting from six cycles of bi-directional recurrent selection for rind penetrometer re resistance (RPR), ii) to identify regions of the genome associated with RPR and correlated responses to selection for RPR, and iii) to find predictive models for allelic frequency changes at RFLP loci in response to selection for RPR. The extremes of selection, cycle 6 from the high direction (C6H) and cycle 6 from the low direction of selection (C(6)L), were evaluated with 102, RFLP probes seeking informative DNA clone-restriction enzyme combinations. Forty-four RFLP probes of the 102 evaluated showed potential allelic differences at the extremes of selection. Even-numbered cycles of selection (C(6)L, C(4)L, C(2)L, C2H, C4H, C6H), plus the original population (C-0), were analyzed for allelic frequency changes. Least squares regression was used to analyze 16 RFLP loci on 12 arms of different chromosomes across the seven cycles of selection evaluated for allelic frequency changes in response to selection. Allelic frequency changes es of nine RFLP loci on six chromosome arms (two on chromosome 4S, two on 5S, one on 6S, one on 6L, one on 9S, and two on 9L), were significantly associated (P less than or equal to 0.05) with selection for RPR. Chi-square tests indicated significant changes in allelic frequency at eight loci across cycles of selection due to selection. Restriction fragment length polymorphism loci showing greater differences were those significantly affected by selection and accounted for the largest proportion of the phenotypic variation for RPR. Ninety-nine percent of the response to RPR over six cycles of bi-directional selection was accounted for by a linear model including RFLP loci umc166, bnl15.45, and umc27. Allelic frequencies for RFLP allele ''c'' at loci umc166 and umc27 were positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.97*** and 0.96***, P < 0.001, respectively) with RPR across cycles of selection, whereas bnl15.45 allele ''c'' tvas negatively and significantly (r = -0.96***) correlated with RPR across cycles of selection. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP HerediaDiaz, O (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UM592 UT WOS:A1996UM59200010 ER PT J AU Kaeppler, HF Pedersen, JF AF Kaeppler, HF Pedersen, JF TI Media effects on phenotype of callus cultures initiated from photoperiod-insensitive, elite inbred sorghum lines SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE callus culture media; embryogenic callus; inflorescence culture; sorghum culture ID HIGH-TANNIN SORGHUMS; PLANT-REGENERATION; IMMATURE INFLORESCENCES; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; II CALLUS; BICOLOR; EMBRYOS; AGNO3 AB Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a crop of worldwide agronomic importance. Routine production of high quality (friable, embryogenic, fast growing) callus cultures is fundamental to tissue culture based genetic study and improvement of sorghum. Genotype by culture medium interactions for sorghum callus growth and morphology have been previously reported. The objective of this study was to identify tissue culture media that would support high quality callus growth across photoperiod insensitive, relatively elite genotypes. Explants from immature inflorescences of 11 sorghum genotypes were cultured on 6 tissue culture media of differing composition. After 3 and 5 months in culture, calli were rated for pigment and mucilage production, friability, and embryogenesis. Media and genotype effects on callus phenotype were highly significant. Most genotypes produced highest quality callus on MS-based media. Significant genotype by media interac tions for callus friability were also documented. Two media formulations, SIM2B5 and N6 were identified as superior for the culture of high quality callus initiated from photoperiod insensitive, elite sorghum lines. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Kaeppler, HF (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1996 VL 41 IS 2 BP 83 EP 89 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UY798 UT WOS:A1996UY79800002 ER PT J AU Kozumplik, V Pejic, I Senior, L Pavlina, R Graham, G Stuber, CW AF Kozumplik, V Pejic, I Senior, L Pavlina, R Graham, G Stuber, CW TI Molecular markers for QTK detection in segregating maize populations derived from exotic germplasm SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE maize; molecular markers; quantitative trait loci; exotic germplasm ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; ZEA-MAYS-L; GRAIN-YIELD; FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; FREQUENCY CHANGES; PLANT HEIGHT; LINKAGE MAPS; INBRED LINES; IDENTIFICATION AB The major objectives of this study included: 1) detect QTLs for grain yield (YLD), plant height (PH), and days to pollen shed (DPS) in maize exotic germplasm, and 2) to determine the relationship between the degree of heterozygosity of marker alleles and the level of yield. Lines selected from Croatian open-pollinated varieties were used to generate two half-sib populations for the study. In each population, 163 F-3 families were tested in field experiments at two locations. The 20 highest and the 20 lowest yielding families of each population were used for QTL detection. Isozymes, RFLPs and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) were used as molecular markers. Marker-trait associations were assessed by single factor and interval analyses. The population designated P-1 had lower average yield but had more polymorphic loci and revealed more QTLs than the population designated P-2. In the two populations, QTLs for YLD were found on chromosomes 1, 6, and 10; for PH on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, and 6; and for DPS on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 8 and 9. The populations had no QTLs in common. Higher yielding subpopulations showed a higher degree of heterozygosity than the lower yielding subpopulations. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV ZAGREB,FAC AGR,ZAGREB 10000,CROATIA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1996 VL 41 IS 3 BP 211 EP 217 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VU387 UT WOS:A1996VU38700006 ER PT J AU Koohmaraie, M AF Koohmaraie, M TI Biochemical factors regulating the toughening and tenderization processes of meat SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Congress of Meat Science and Technology - Meat for the Consumer CY SEP 01-06, 1996 CL LILLEHAMMER, NORWAY ID CALCIUM-CHLORIDE INJECTION; BOVINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BEEF QUALITY TRAITS; POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; CA-2+-DEPENDENT PROTEASES; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; SARCOMERE-LENGTH; OVINE CARCASSES; CALPAIN-I; TENDERNESS AB The purpose of this manuscript is to present a brief review of the bio- chemical basis for longissimus toughening and tenderization processes. Also, to explore the potential technologies that call be developed bused on this knowledge to reduce variation in tenderness, thus, improving consumer acceptance of meat. Results suggest that after slaughter longissimus has low to intermediate shear force values (probably tender). Rigor development-induced changes increase its shear force. Maximum toughness is observed between 12 to 24 h post mortem. The toughening process seems to occur equally in all carcasses. Post-mortem storage at refrigerated conditions tenderizes longissimus. Post-mortem tenderization is caused by enzymatic degradation of key myofibrillar and associated proteins. The function of these proteins is to maintain the structural integrity of myofibrils. Current data indicates that mu-calpain is responsible for degradation of these proteins. Unlike the toughening process, there exists a large variation in the rate and extent of tenderization which is responsible for. variation in tenderness at the consumer level. Potential strategies for the control of the variation in meat tenderness are discussed. Copyright (C) 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), ARS,USDA,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 67 TC 131 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1996 VL 43 SU S BP S193 EP S201 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA VG834 UT WOS:A1996VG83400016 ER PT J AU Berry, BW Joseph, RL Stanfield, MS AF Berry, BW Joseph, RL Stanfield, MS TI Use of electrical stimulation, hot processing and carrageenan for processing low-fat ground beef patties SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CHOLESTEROL CONTENT; CALORIC VALUE; COOKING; LEVEL; TEMPERATURE; SHEAR AB Three studies were conducted to determine the effects of electrical stimulation, hot processing and carrageenan usage on sensory, shear force and cooking properties of low-fat (5, 10%) beef patties. The right or left sides of beef carcasses assigned to electrical stimulation (ES) received 600 V pulsating current for 120 s. Non-stimulated (NS) sides were also included for comparisons. Sides subjected to hot processing (HP) were boned 90 min post-exsanguination. Cold processing (CP) was initiated 48 h post mortem. Formulations for the manufacture of patties included the use of carrageenan [none, 0.5% iota (L), 0.5% kappa (re)]. Patties from NSHP beef had higher pH and cooking yields, less shrink in patty dimensions during cooking and lower shear force values than patties from NSCP controls (P < 0.05). ES improved tenderness and juiciness of CP patties, while ESHP patties exhibited higher cooking yields than NSCP patties. Tenderness was improved in two of the three studies as a result of increasing the fat content from 5 to 10%. Use of L-carrageenan provided improvements in tenderness and juiciness over patties receiving no carrageenan or kappa-carrageenan. Processors should consider HP with 1.0% added salt (improved cooking yields, patty configuration, tenderness) and the use of L-carrageenan (improved tenderness and juiciness) for low-fat beef patties. C1 TEAGASC,NATL FOOD CTR,DUBLIN 15,IRELAND. RP Berry, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1996 VL 42 IS 1 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1016/0309-1740(95)00008-9 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA TM321 UT WOS:A1996TM32100011 PM 22060306 ER PT J AU Taylor, DB Szalanski, AL Peterson, RD AF Taylor, DB Szalanski, AL Peterson, RD TI Identification of screwworm species by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cochliomyia hominivorax; Cochliomyia macellaria; screwworm; mitochondrial DNA; PCR-RFLP; molecular taxonomy ID COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX DIPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; FLY; CALLIPHORIDAE; MYIASIS; LIBYA; AGE; SEX AB Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments (PCR-RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA were used to differentiate species of New World screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Twenty-seven restriction enzymes were screened on five regions of mtDNA. Eleven restriction fragment length patterns differentiated New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), from secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.). Five restriction fragment length patterns were polymorphic in C.hominivorax while all fragment patterns were fixed in C.macellaria. Diagnostic restriction fragment length patterns were used for species diagnosis, whereas intraspecific variable patterns were used to characterize field samples and laboratory strains. The PCR-RFLP technique is flexible with regard to developmental stage of the sample and method of preservation. We were able to characterize specimens of all life stages from egg to adult including larvae preserved in alcohol and pinned adults. PCR-RFLP is rapid and inexpensive, enabling specimens to be characterized within 24 h for less than $2.50. RP Taylor, DB (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,305 PLANT IND BLDG,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 NR 41 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00083.x PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA TR728 UT WOS:A1996TR72800009 PM 8834744 ER PT J AU Hallmark, MA Reynolds, TH DeSouza, CA Dotson, CO Anderson, RA Rogers, MA AF Hallmark, MA Reynolds, TH DeSouza, CA Dotson, CO Anderson, RA Rogers, MA TI Effects of chromium and resistive training on muscle strength and body composition SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE ergogenic aids; trace minerals; anabolism; insulin action ID GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; SUPPLEMENTATION; EXCRETION; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; INSULIN; MEN AB Sixteen untrained males (23 +/- 4 yr), were studied to determine the effects of chromium (Cr) supplementation (200 mu g . d(-1)) and a 12-wk resistive exercise training program on muscle strength, body composition, and Cr excretion. The subjects trained 3 times per week with two sets of 8-10 repetitions at 90% of 1 repetition maximum using Keiser variable resistance machines. Food records were used to estimate Cr intake (similar to 36 mu g . d(-1)), energy intake, and the percent kJ from protein. The resistive training program resulted in significant increases in total body muscular strength in both the Cr and placebo groups (24% and 33%; P < 0.05). Body weight, percent body fat, lean body mass, and skinfold thicknesses were unchanged in either group after resistive training. Cr excretion increased in the Cr group after 6 wk of Cr supplementation (0.15 +/- 0.08 vs 1.52 +/- 1.26 mu g . d(-1); P < 0.01) and remained higher at 12 wk of training (2.03 +/- 1.73). These results indicate that Cr supplementation, in conjunction with a progressive, resistive exercise training program, does not promote a significant increase in strength and lean body mass, or a significant decrease in percent body fat. Cr supplementation results in a significant increase in Cr excretion that is not altered by resistive training. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT KINESIOL,EXERCISE PHYSIOL LAB,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1097/00005768-199601000-00025 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA TQ375 UT WOS:A1996TQ37500025 PM 8775366 ER PT J AU Fields, M Lewis, CG Lure, MD AF Fields, M Lewis, CG Lure, MD TI Antioxidant defense system in lung of male and female rats: Interactions with alcohol, copper, and type of dietary carbohydrate SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; COLLAGEN CROSS-LINKING; DEFICIENT RATS; FRUCTOSE; ETHANOL; LIVER; METABOLISM; MORTALITY; HYPEROXIA AB Male and female rats were used to investigate the effects of type of dietary carbohydrate (CHO), copper, and ethanol consumption on lung antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of phosphorylated compounds in whole blood. Copper deficient female rats exhibited a greater degree of copper deficiency than males, as assessed by hepatic copper concentration and hepatic copper superoxide dismutase (CuSOD) activity. However, copper-deficient male rats fed fructose-containing diets exhibited greater growth retardation, anemia, and heart hypertrophy than females consuming the same diets and males fed starch. In addition, one of 10 copper deficient male rats that ate a fructose-based diet and drank water and one of 10 copper-deficient male rats that ate a starch based diet and drank ethanol died. Copper-deficient, starch-fed males exhibited the highest activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase as compared with fructose-fed rats. Ethanol consumption elevated the activities of GSH-Px and catalase. Copper-deficient female rats exhibited higher catalase but lower GSH-Px activities than males. It is suggested that in copper deficiency, the ability to increase antioxidant enzyme activities in rats consuming starch is greater than in rats consuming fructose. Rats fed starch are provided with a greater degree of protection against oxidative damage than rats fed fructose. In addition, polyphosphorylated compounds in blood were reduced in copper-deficient male rats that consumed fructose-based diets. This may impair supply of oxygen to tissues. RP Fields, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,MNIL,BLDG 307,ROOM 330,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 70 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0026-0495(96)90199-7 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA TN888 UT WOS:A1996TN88800008 PM 8544777 ER PT B AU Fields, M Lewis, CG AF Fields, M Lewis, CG BE Collery, P Corbella, J Domingo, JL Etienne, JC Llobet, JM TI The inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) in copper deficiency SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 4 SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine CY MAY 19-22, 1996 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Food & Drug Adm, NCI, Assoc Reg Enseignement & Rech Sci Champagne Ardenne, Int Res Inst Metal Ions, Univ Rovira Virgili, Univ Barcelona, Escola Profess Med Treball, Direcc Gen Investigac Cient & Tecn, Commiss Univ Rec CIRIT Generalitat Catalunya RP Fields, M (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,MNIL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BN 2-7420-0130-1 J9 MET ION BIO PY 1996 VL 4 BP 105 EP 106 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BH13A UT WOS:A1996BH13A00032 ER PT B AU Hallfrisch, J Zhang, C Muller, DC AF Hallfrisch, J Zhang, C Muller, DC BE Collery, P Corbella, J Domingo, JL Etienne, JC Llobet, JM TI Demonstration of copper and zinc antagonism in free living well nourished adults SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 4 SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine CY MAY 19-22, 1996 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Food & Drug Adm, NCI, Assoc Reg Enseignement & Rech Sci Champagne Ardenne, Int Res Inst Metal Ions, Univ Rovira Virgili, Univ Barcelona, Escola Profess Med Treball, Direcc Gen Investigac Cient & Tecn, Commiss Univ Rec CIRIT Generalitat Catalunya RP Hallfrisch, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BN 2-7420-0130-1 J9 MET ION BIO PY 1996 VL 4 BP 679 EP 681 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BH13A UT WOS:A1996BH13A00200 ER PT B AU Rossman, AY AF Rossman, AY BE Colwell, RR Simidu, U Ohwada, K TI The evolution of fungal diversity - Past, present, and future SO MICROBIAL DIVERSITY IN TIME AND SPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microbial Diversity in Time and Space CY OCT 24-26, 1994 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Microbial Ecol, Int Union Biol Sci, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Int Comm Microbial Ecol, Japanese Soc Ecol HO UNIV TOKYO C1 USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45194-8 PY 1996 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1007/978-0-585-34046-3_5 PG 7 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA BG62Q UT WOS:A1996BG62Q00005 ER PT J AU Eroshin, VK Dedyukhina, EG Chistyakova, TI Zhelifonova, VP Botast, RJ AF Eroshin, VK Dedyukhina, EG Chistyakova, TI Zhelifonova, VP Botast, RJ TI Studies on arachidonic acid production by Mortierella fungi: A microbiological method for selecting arachidonic acid producers SO MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; ALPINA AB Of 102 fungal strains belonging to 44 species of the genus Mortierella, 65 strains belonging to 32 species produced arachidonic acid during growth on glucose-potato agar. The ability to produce the acid differed among the species. None of the fungi of the section Isabellina was found to accumulate arachidonic acid. It is suggested that the ability to produce arachidonic acid may be useful in taxonomic studies of Mortierella fungi. It was shown that the share of arachidonic acid in the lipids of the majority of the investigated fungi (58 strains) was not more than 20%. High accumulation of arachidonic acid was observed for a limited number of strains. A microbiological method of screening for arachidonic acid producers is suggested, based on the specific effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the growth of fungi that are able to produce arachidonic acid. C1 USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL. RP Eroshin, VK (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST BIOCHEM & PHYSIOL MICROORGANISMS,PUSHCHINO 142292,RUSSIA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O PLENUM/CONSULTANTS BUREAU 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0026-2617 J9 MICROBIOLOGY+ JI Microbiology PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 65 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA TX506 UT WOS:A1996TX50600006 ER PT J AU Mischke, S AF Mischke, S TI Evaluation of chromogenic substrates for measurement of protease production by biocontrol strains of Trichoderma SO MICROBIOS LA English DT Article DE protease; filamentous fungi; biocontrol; Trichoderma ID EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASE; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; GLIOCLADIUM; PERITONITIS; EXPRESSION; PROTEINASE AB Four chromogenic substrates were compared, and methods were developed for measuring protease activity from fungi. Digestion of azoalbumin, a water-soluble substrate, resulted in dye release most closely proportional to enzyme activity. Substrates insoluble in water were advantageous for time-course studies, and azocoll was more sensitive to digestion and easier to handle than hide powder azure. The optimal pH was 7 for measurement of extracellular protease activity from the Trichoderma strains. Addition of calcium or serine protease inhibitors did not affect crude protease activity. The optimized protocol was used to demonstrate that specific activity of proteases produced by the strains of Trichoderma tested did not correlate with their known biocontrol ability. RP Mischke, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU FACULTY PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 88 REGENT ST, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB2 1DP SN 0026-2633 J9 MICROBIOS JI Microbios PY 1996 VL 87 IS 352 BP 175 EP 183 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WJ868 UT WOS:A1996WJ86800005 PM 9050254 ER PT J AU Vozzo, JA Marko, M Patel, R Terrell, A AF Vozzo, JA Marko, M Patel, R Terrell, A TI Imaging anatomy and physiology of Juglans nigra seeds using computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FS,STARKVILLE,MS 39759. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,JACKSON,MS 39216. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA TL167 UT WOS:A1996TL16700014 ER PT B AU Ferguson, DE AF Ferguson, DE BE Skovsgaard, JP Johannsen, VK TI Modeling natural regeneration establishment in the northern Rocky Mountains of the USA SO MODELLING REGENERATION SUCCESS AND EARLY GROWTH OF FOREST STANDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modelling Regeneration Success and Early Growth of Forest Stands CY JUN 10-13, 1996 CL ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Special Programme Dev Countries, Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Danish Forest & Landscape Res Inst, Danish Min Foreign Affairs, Ctr Int Forestry Res HO ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV AB Retrospective examination of cutover forests enables the development of models that predict regeneration success as a function; of plot conditions and time since disturbance. The modeling process uses a two-state system. In the first state, all plots are analyzed to predict the probability of stocking (at least one established seedling on the plot). In the second state, only stocked plots are analyzed to predict seedling density, species composition, and seedling heights. Outcomes are predicted on a plot basis; therefore, the model is sensitive to variation within the stand. Predictions are then summarized to an area basis. The independent variables used to predict regeneration success are commonly recorded in forest inventories. Study design, model development, model predictions, and model updates are discussed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Ferguson, DE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DANISH FOREST LANDSCAPE RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI DK-2970 HORSHOLM PA HORSHOLM KONGEVEJ 11, DK-2970 HORSHOLM, DENMARK BN 87-89822-59-5 PY 1996 BP 30 EP 40 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BL46K UT WOS:000075582000003 ER PT B AU Yaussy, DA Sutherland, EK Hale, BJ AF Yaussy, DA Sutherland, EK Hale, BJ BE Skovsgaard, JP Johannsen, VK TI Rule-based, individual-tree regeneration model for forest simulators SO MODELLING REGENERATION SUCCESS AND EARLY GROWTH OF FOREST STANDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modelling Regeneration Success and Early Growth of Forest Stands CY JUN 10-13, 1996 CL ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Special Programme Dev Countries, Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Danish Forest & Landscape Res Inst, Danish Min Foreign Affairs, Ctr Int Forestry Res HO ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV AB The regeneration subroutines in many forest growth simulators are ingrowth predictors. In ZELIG 1.0, for example, stems enter the tree list at 2.5 cm dbh depending on microsite and species characteristics. Any species in the species list is a potential supplier of stems even if it is not present on the plot. Our objective has been to develop a mechanistic model of tree regeneration (MOM: Mechanistic Origination Model) that is responsive to widely varying environmental conditions. We have adopted the premise that regeneration is disturbance-driven. Disturbance is multidimensional and varies in effect and in spatial and temporal scales. Thus, to model regeneration, we need to characterize regeneration traits and simulate disturbance processes. In the forest simulator we are using, ZELIG 1.0, we are replacing the ingrowth subroutine (REGEN) with MOM and adding a set of disturbance algorithms that simulate harvesting, windthrow, and fire. Algorithms for other disturbances will be added later; when possible, these algorithms are being adapted from other software. The combination of MOM and ZELIG (MOM/Z) will be used to predict the migration of tree species due to climate change. Initial tree and site values will be those collected by the Forest Inventory and Analysis units of the USDA Forest Service. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Yaussy, DA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DANISH FOREST LANDSCAPE RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI DK-2970 HORSHOLM PA HORSHOLM KONGEVEJ 11, DK-2970 HORSHOLM, DENMARK BN 87-89822-59-5 PY 1996 BP 176 EP 182 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BL46K UT WOS:000075582000022 ER PT B AU Leary, RA Nimerfro, K Holdaway, M Brand, G AF Leary, RA Nimerfro, K Holdaway, M Brand, G BE Skovsgaard, JP Johannsen, VK TI The importance of initial height growth in quaking aspen height growth models expressed as 2nd order differential equations SO MODELLING REGENERATION SUCCESS AND EARLY GROWTH OF FOREST STANDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modelling Regeneration Success and Early Growth of Forest Stands CY JUN 10-13, 1996 CL ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Special Programme Dev Countries, Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Danish Forest & Landscape Res Inst, Danish Min Foreign Affairs, Ctr Int Forestry Res HO ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV AB In a study of height growth patterns of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloidies Michx.) in; Minnesota, we represented the height-age pattern using a second order ordinary differential equation with environmentally governed parameters. Solving a second order differential equation that has been converted to a system of two first order equations requires knowledge of or information on, initial conditions for both state variables, height and height growth. We used the natural boundary condition when age is zero, height is zero, i.e., h(t=0) = 0. Initial conditions for the second state variable, height growth, were estimated when fitting the equations to observations. This paper reports our research to predict the initial height growth from stem analysis data, and to assess the sensitivity of predicted height to differences in initial condition estimates. We discovered that initial height growth is the single most important 'parameter' to be estimated in our model. C1 USDA ARS, Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Leary, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DANISH FOREST LANDSCAPE RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI DK-2970 HORSHOLM PA HORSHOLM KONGEVEJ 11, DK-2970 HORSHOLM, DENMARK BN 87-89822-59-5 PY 1996 BP 200 EP 210 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BL46K UT WOS:000075582000026 ER PT B AU Smith, WR AF Smith, WR BE Skovsgaard, JP Johannsen, VK TI SHADE: A software system for determining a tree's shadow SO MODELLING REGENERATION SUCCESS AND EARLY GROWTH OF FOREST STANDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modelling Regeneration Success and Early Growth of Forest Stands CY JUN 10-13, 1996 CL ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, Special Programme Dev Countries, Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Danish Forest & Landscape Res Inst, Danish Min Foreign Affairs, Ctr Int Forestry Res HO ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV AB A Computer program is presented which can be used to determine the area the shadow of a tree covers in a given time period in a day. The program also calculates the amount of time any portion of the total area has been shaded. The program was developed to determine where to place light measuring photoelectric diodes under the crowns of trees as part of an effort to model the relationship of light extinction to leaf area in Longleaf Pine (Pinus Palustris Mill.). The program provides coordinates where sensors should be located based on the user selected spatial patterns. C1 Auburn Univ, Forest Serv, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Smith, WR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Forest Serv, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DANISH FOREST LANDSCAPE RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI DK-2970 HORSHOLM PA HORSHOLM KONGEVEJ 11, DK-2970 HORSHOLM, DENMARK BN 87-89822-59-5 PY 1996 BP 586 EP 587 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BL46K UT WOS:000075582000074 ER PT J AU Gu, JY Higuchi, M Morita, M Hse, CY AF Gu, JY Higuchi, M Morita, M Hse, CY TI Synthetic conditions and chemical structures of urea-formaldehyde resins .2. Synthetic procedures involving a condensation step under strongly acidic conditions and the Properties of the resins obtained SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA Japanese DT Article DE urea resins; synthetic conditions; chemical structures; bonding strength; formaldehyde emission AB Strong-acid catalyzed urea-formaldehyde resins were prepared with combination variables of temperature and time of condensation reaction, pre-methylolation, post-condensation addition of urea, and additional condensation under weakly acidic conditions. A resin, free from urons and methylene bonds between tertiary nitrogen atoms, was obtained when the condensation reaction under the conditions of pH.: 1.0-1.5 and formaldehyde/urea (F/U) molar ratio: 3.0 was conducted at a low temperature (65 degrees C) for a short time (45 min). A resin with a F/U molar ratio of 1.3 derived from this resin by the post-condensation addition of urea exhibited considerably high bonding strength but also high post-cure formaldehyde emission. In general, both formaldehyde emmision and bonding strength decreased with increases in the condensation temperature and time. Pre-methylolation under weakly alkaline conditions resulted in a slower condensation reaction under strongly acidic conditions but slightly higher bonding strength. Additional condensation under weakly acidic conditions caused a slight increase in the bonding strength. C1 KYUSHU UNIV, FAC AGR, FUKUOKA 812, JAPAN. FOREST SERV, USDA, SO RES STN, SIMMESPORT, LA 71369 USA. RP Gu, JY (reprint author), DONGBEI FORESTRY UNIV, COLL FOREST PROD IND, HARBIN 150040, PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1996 VL 42 IS 2 BP 149 EP 156 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA UD809 UT WOS:A1996UD80900006 ER PT J AU Gu, JY Higuchi, M Morita, M Hse, CY AF Gu, JY Higuchi, M Morita, M Hse, CY TI Synthetic conditions and chemical strictures of urea-formaldehyde resins .3. Molecular structure of resin synthesized by condensation under strongly acidic conditions SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA Japanese DT Article DE urea resins; synthetic conditions; chemical structures; bonding strength; formaldehyde emission AB Fractionation with ethanol was applied to investigate the molecular structures of ureaformaldehyde (UF) resins. A typical resin with a formaldehyde/urea molar ratio of 1.3 synthesized by condensation under strongly acidic conditions and by the post-condensation addition of urea had a greater amount of ethanol-soluble fraction (66% in terms of urea residues) than that of a resin synthesized by condensation under weakly acidic conditions (56% in terms of urea residures). The ethanol-soluble fraction of the strong-acid catalized UF resin had a combined-formaldehyde/urea molar ratio smaller than 1.0, contained a greater amount of free urea, and had a smaller amount of methylol groups. On the other hand, the ethanol-insoluble fraction had a greater combined-formaldehyde/urea molar ratio, contained a smaller amount of methylol groups, and had an intra-molecular ring structure. These molecular structures suggest that the strong-acid catalized UF resin forms an insufficiently and unevenly cross-linked polymer network and little free formaldehyde is generated in the process of resin curing. These results provide an explanation for the little formaldehyde emission and low bonding strength of the strong-acid catalized UF resin. C1 KYUSHU UNIV, FAC AGR, FUKUOKA 812, JAPAN. US FOREST SERV, SO RES STN, SIMMESPORT, LA 71369 USA. RP Gu, JY (reprint author), DONGBEI FORESTRY UNIV, COLL FOREST PROD IND, HARBIN 150040, PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1996 VL 42 IS 5 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA UV965 UT WOS:A1996UV96500007 ER PT J AU Gu, JY Higuchi, M Morita, M Hse, CY AF Gu, JY Higuchi, M Morita, M Hse, CY TI Synthetic conditions and chemical structures of urea-formaldehyde resins .4. Curing behavior of the resins SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA Japanese DT Article DE urea-formaldehyde resin; curing behavior; strong-acid catalyzed resin; sol-gel separation; chemical structure AB Urea resins of low formaldehyde (F)/urea (U) molar ratios synthesized by condensation under strongly acidic conditions (strong-acid catalyzed resins) exhibit far less formaldehyde emission than resins of the same F/U molar ratios synthesized by condensation under weakly acidic conditions (ordinary resins). However, they perform poorly in making bonded wood products. Thus the curing behavior of a strong-acid catalyzed resin with a F/U molar ratio of 1.3 was investigated and compared with that of some ordinary resins. The resins were cured in ampules or under hot-press conditions and extracted with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The strong-acid catalyzed resin showed very low rates of formation of the DMSO-insoluble fraction, giving only 0.25 as the degree of conversion into the DMSO-insoluble fraction on the basis of the amounts of urea residues when cured by hot-pressing at 110 degrees C for 3 min, while the ordinary resin with the F/U molar ratio of 1.3 gave 0.98 as the degree of conversion. The degree of conversion of the strong-acid catalyzed resin increased as the curing time was prolonged or the temperature was elevated. However, it did not exceed 51%. The tensile strength of cured resin-impregnated paper in the wet state was in good correlation with the degree of conversion. The analysis of the DMSO-soluble fraction of the strong-acid catalized resin by carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy revealed that the molecules in the fraction had small amounts of methylol groups, considerable amounts of urons, and large amounts of methylene bonds and, thus, were poor in reactivity. These results agree with the prediction that the strong-acid catalyzed resin cannot form a highly developed network macromolecule, deduced from the fact that the amount of the primary amino group of urea far exceeds that of the methylol groups in the resin before cure. C1 KYUSHU UNIV, FAC AGR, FUKUOKA 812, JAPAN. US FOREST SERV, SO RES STN, USDA, PINEVILLE, LA 71369 USA. RP Gu, JY (reprint author), DONGBEI FORESTRY UNIV, COLL FOREST PROD IND, HARBIN 150040, PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1996 VL 42 IS 10 BP 992 EP 997 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA VZ509 UT WOS:A1996VZ50900011 ER PT J AU Lally, NC Jenkins, MC Dubey, JP AF Lally, NC Jenkins, MC Dubey, JP TI Development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of neosporosis using the Neospora caninum 14-3-3 gene SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; 14-3-3 protein; polymerase chain reaction ID KINASE-C INHIBITOR; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; PROTEIN; CATTLE; BRAIN; INFECTION; SHEEP; DOGS; TRANSMISSION; ACTIVATOR AB Neospora caninum is a recently described apicomplexan parasite which causes neuromuscular disease in dogs, and abortion and neonatal morbidity in cattle, sheep and horses. Morphological similarites and serological cross-reactivity between N. caninum and the closely related parasite Toxoplasma gondii, have resulted in the frequent misdiagnosis of neosporosis as toxoplasmosis. This report describes the isolation and characterization of an N. caninum cDNA clone encoding a 14-3-3 protein homologue. The 14-3-3 proteins are a class of proteins which show a high degree of amino acid sequence conservation across several eukaryotic taxa. Using less conserved regions of the N. caninum cDNA clone, nested primers were designed for the amplification of a 614-bp N. caniman DNA fragment by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA fragment was amplified from N. caninum genomic DNA, but not from T. gondii, Sarcocystis muris, Sarcocystis tenella, or Sarcocystis cruzi genomic DNA. Additionally, the fragment was amplified from DNA prepared from the brains of N. caninum-infected mice, but not from the brain of a mouse infected with T. gondii. These results suggest that this PCR assay may be useful for the diagnosis of neosporosis. C1 USDA ARS,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP Lally, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BARC E,BLDG 1040,ROOM 100,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 75 IS 2 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(95)02530-8 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA UE648 UT WOS:A1996UE64800004 PM 8992315 ER PT B AU Bushnell, WR AF Bushnell, WR BE Mills, D Kunoh, H Keen, NT Mayama, S TI Progress in understanding host-parasite interaction - The US-Japan seminar series, 1966-1995 SO MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF PATHOGENICITY AND RESISTANCE: REQUIREMENT FOR SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Seminar on Molecular Aspects of Pathogenicity and Resistance - Requirement for Signal Transduction CY SEP 24-OCT 01, 1995 CL TSU, JAPAN SP Natl Sci Fdn, Japan Soc Promot Sci RP Bushnell, WR (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,CEREAL RUST LAB,USDA,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 BN 0-89054-215-5 PY 1996 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BG13R UT WOS:A1996BG13R00001 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, TW Scorza, R AF Zimmerman, TW Scorza, R TI Genetic transformation through the use of hyperhydric tobacco meristems SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens; chimera; microprojectile bombardment; rolC; vitrification ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; EXPRESSION; PLANTS; VITRIFICATION; BOMBARDMENT; TISSUES; INVITRO; SHOOTS AB Exposed shoot meristems from normal and hyperhydric (vitrified) tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, were bombarded with gold particles either coated with plasmid DNA containing neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII), rolC and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) genes (plasmid pGA-GUSGFrolC) or left uncoated. Meristems bombarded with uncoated particles were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring the binary vector pGA-GUSGFrolC. Whole-plant transformants were produced from 4 of 40 hyperhydric meristems bombarded with uncoated particles followed by co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens. One transgenic plant was obtained from 40 normal, non-hyperhydric meristems treated. Transformation was verified by growth on kanamycin-containing medium, GUS assays, PCR, and Southern analysis. The plants tested through Southern analysis appeared to have 2 or more copies of the transgene insert. Seeds obtained from self-pollination of these transgenic plants segregated 3:1 or 15:1 (kanamycin resistant:sensitive) when germinated on medium containing 100 mg/l kanamycin, indicating transfer of foreign genes through the sexual cycle. Whole-plant transformants were not produced from 50 normal tobacco meristems bombarded with plasmid-coated gold particles and not exposed to engineered A. tumefaciens, but 1 plant of 60 bombarded hyperhydric meristems produced transgenic roots, the result of a chimera. We suggest that hyperhydric meristems are more readily transformed. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 1996 VL 2 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA UA198 UT WOS:A1996UA19800008 ER PT J AU Xu, KN Mackill, DJ AF Xu, KN Mackill, DJ TI A major locus for submergence tolerance mapped on rice chromosome 9 SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa L; submergence tolerance; RAPD; RFLP; genome mapping ID ORYZA-SATIVA-L; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; MARKERS; POLYMORPHISMS; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; SEEDLINGS AB Submergence stress is a widespread problem in rice-growing environments where drainage is impeded. A few cultivars can tolerate more than 10 days of submergence, but the genes conferring this tolerance have not been identified. We used random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers to map submergence tolerance in 169 F-2 plants and the resulting F-3 families of a cross between a tolerant indica rice line, IR40931-26: and a susceptible japonica line, PI543851. IR40931-26 inherited strong submergence tolerance from the unimproved cultivar FR13A. Eight-day old F-3 seedlings were submerged for 14-16 days in 55-cm deep tanks, and tolerance was scored after 7 days recovery on a scale of 1 (tolerant) to 9 (susceptible). The tolerant and susceptible parents scored 1.5 and 8.4, respectively, and the F-3 means ranged from 1.6 to 8.9. Two bulks were formed with DNA from F-2 plants corresponding to the nine most tolerant and the nine most susceptible F-3 families. Of 624 RAPD primers used to screen the bulks, five produced bands associated with either tolerance or susceptibility. These markers were mapped to a region of chromosome 9 by linkage to RFLP markers. A submergence tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL), here designated Sub1, was located ca. 4 cM from the RFLP marker C1232 and accounted for 69% of the phenotypic variance for the trait. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, USDA ARS, DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. RP Mackill, DJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS, USDA ARS, DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. RI Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 36 TC 125 Z9 139 U1 5 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 1996 VL 2 IS 3 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1007/BF00564199 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA VR797 UT WOS:A1996VR79700003 ER PT J AU Katzir, N DaninPoleg, Y Tadmor, Y BarZur, A Cregan, PB AF Katzir, N DaninPoleg, Y Tadmor, Y BarZur, A Cregan, PB TI Isolation of a new polymorphic TC maize microsatellite located on the long arm of chromosome 10 SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANCE; RICE AB Simple sequence repeats (SSR). also called microsatellites, were previously proved to be an important class of DNA markers. The isolation, mapping and designing of primers to the flanking regions of a new maize SSR is reported. The new marker, with a core motif of (TC)12, designated as MZETC34, was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 10. C1 USDA ARS,BAZRC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Katzir, N (reprint author), NO RES CTR,AGR RES ORG,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,POB 90000,IL-31900 HAIFA,ISRAEL. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 1996 VL 2 IS 3 BP 291 EP 292 DI 10.1007/BF00564207 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA VR797 UT WOS:A1996VR79700011 ER PT S AU Hughes, KJ Narang, SK Leopold, RA Johnson, OA DeVault, JD AF Hughes, KJ Narang, SK Leopold, RA Johnson, OA DeVault, JD BE Brown, TM TI Genetically altering insects: Promise, prospects, and limitations SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND EVOLUTION OF PESTICIDE RESISTANCE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT ACS Agrochemicals-Division Special Conference VI on Molecular Genetics and Ecology of Pesticide Resistance CY JUN 18-23, 1995 CL BIG SKY, MT SP Amer Chem Soc, Agrochem Div, Cotton Inc, Fungicide Resistance Action Comm, Herbicide Resistance Action Comm, Insecticide Resistance Action Comm ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; DNA; TRANSFORMATION; CELLS; INTEGRATION; HOBO; MICROINJECTION; EXPRESSION; INJECTION AB Recent advances in molecular genetics have shown the potential of transgenic technology in a number of scientific disciplines. The use of transgenic technology in the field of entomology will revolutionize our understanding of beneficial insect species while providing new avenues towards the control of pesticide resistant species. This review highlights the most common techniques used to introduce desired gene constructs into insects and explores potential uses for this technology. C1 ARS, NATL PROGRAM STAFF, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Hughes, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, BIOSCI RES LAB, 1605 ALBRECHT BLVD, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3453-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 645 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Entomology GA BG49B UT WOS:A1996BG49B00022 ER PT J AU Liao, CH Gaffney, TD Bradley, SP Wong, LJC AF Liao, CH Gaffney, TD Bradley, SP Wong, LJC TI Cloning of a pectate lyase gene from Xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum and comparison of its sequence relationship with pel genes of soft-rot Erwinia and Pseudomonas SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CLONED AVIRULENCE GENES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CHRYSANTHEMI EC16; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PATHOGENESIS; VIRIDIFLAVA; VEGETABLES; BACTERIA; PRODUCT AB The cotton blight pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv, malvacearum strain B414, produces an extracellular pectate lyase (PeI) with an estimated M(r) of 41,000 and pI of 9.7, The gene coding for this enzyme initially identified in a 1.8-kb PstI genomic DNA fragment was cloned, The nucleotide sequences of this 1.8-kb fragment and two pel genes previously cloned from Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. viridiflava were determined, These pel genes encoded pre-Pel proteins consisting of 377 to 380 amino acids (a.a.), A signal peptide consisting of 26 to 29 a,a, was present at the amino-terminus of each pre-Pel, Multiple sequence analysis revealed that Pel proteins of non-Erwinia phytopathogens including Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus constituted a distinct cluster, which showed 20 to 43% a,a. identity to the four established Pel families of Erwinia. Homologous pel sequences were detected in various pathovars or strains of X, campestris. All of these xanthomonads produced an alkaline Pel and were capable of causing soft-rot in potato tuber slices and green pepper fruits. C1 CIBA GEIGY CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT SCI BIOL,LOWELL,MA 01854. RP Liao, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 14 EP 21 DI 10.1094/MPMI-9-0014 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA TQ766 UT WOS:A1996TQ76600002 PM 8589419 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DT Vanderspool, MC Garrett, C Chang, S Opperman, CH AF Kaplan, DT Vanderspool, MC Garrett, C Chang, S Opperman, CH TI Molecular polymorphisms associated with host range in the highly conserved genomes of burrowing nematodes, Radopholus spp SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE polymerase chain reaction; sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR); sequence tag site (STS); quarantine ID BIOCHEMICAL-IDENTIFICATION; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; 2 RACES; CITROPHILUS; SIMILIS; DNA; MELOIDOGYNE; PRIMERS; PCR AB Six polymorphic bands of DNA were amplified from purified Radopholus citrophilus genomic DNA from one strain of each of the sibling species R, citrophilus and R, similis in random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses involving 380 single 10-base primers, Four of these polymorphic DNA fragments were successfully cloned and amplified through subsequent use of primers designed to complement the terminal sequences of the polymorphic DNA, Results of ensuing studies using mini-prepped DNA from 14 burrowing nematode strains collected from Florida, Hawaii, and Central America, characterized for their ability to parasitize citrus, indicated that a 2.4-kb fragment appeared to be associated with citrus parasitism in burrowing nematode populations from Florida, However, a fragment of comparable size was also detected in R, citrophilus from Hawaii and from burrowing nematode populations collected from Belize and Puerto Rico, Overall, findings suggest that the genome organization of the burrowing nematode sibling species R, citrophilus and R, similis is highly conserved, This remarkable genetic similarity should facilitate identification of genetic sequence related to important phenotypes such as citrus parasitism, Detection of R. citrophilus-specific DNA fragments in burrowing nematodes collected from Belize and Puerto Rico suggests that R, citrophilus is resident in some Central American countries. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, RALEIGH, NC 27612 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOL & GENET, RALEIGH, NC 27612 USA. RP Kaplan, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, HORT RES LAB, 2120 CAMDEN RD, ORLANDO, FL 32803 USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1094/MPMI-9-0032 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA TQ766 UT WOS:A1996TQ76600004 PM 8589420 ER PT J AU Weiland, JJ Edwards, MC AF Weiland, JJ Edwards, MC TI A single nucleotide substitution in the alpha a gene confers oat pathogenicity to barley stripe mosaic virus strain ND18 SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE host range; movement; replication ID SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT; SEQUENCE; RESISTANCE; PROTEINS AB A 236-nucleotide region from the alpha a gene of strain CV42 (pathogenic to oat), when substituted for the homologous region in strain ND18 (nonpathogenic to oat), was shown previously to confer a near wild-type oat pathogenicity to this strain (Weiland and Edwards, 1994, Virology 201: 116-126). The data suggested that six amino acid substitutions in the alpha a gene were responsible for the differences in oat pathogenicity, and that threonine-724, encoded by CV42, might be a critical amino acid in determining pathogenicity of barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) to oat. In the present work, codons specifying T-724, I-764, and N-785 (encoded by CV42 RNA alpha) were substituted individually and in combination for those coding for P-724, T-764, and K-785 (encoded by ND18 RNA alpha), respectively, by site-directed mutagenesis. The core K-733, T-734, and K-736 positions (CV42) were substituted for Q-733, S-734, and Q-736 (ND18) as a single block. The results of inoculations with these mutants indicate that the C-2261 --> A(2261) nucleotide substitution (P-724 --> T-724) by itself is sufficient to enable strain ND18 to infect oat plants, although poorly. Additional substitution of CV42 codons into ND18 RNA alpha at the remaining five positions altered symptom type, decreased the timing of the appearance of symptoms, and increased the percentage of plants infected per inoculation. Nonetheless, all mutants accumulated to similar levels in inoculated oat protoplasts after a 24-h period. Using a recombinant RNA beta from which beta-glucuronidase could be expressed, results were obtained suggesting that the multiplication of strain ND18 and the nonpathogenic variants generated in the study was restricted in the inoculated leaf. The data indicate a potential pathway by which pathogenicity to oat evolved in BSMV. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 DI 10.1094/MPMI-9-0062 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA TQ766 UT WOS:A1996TQ76600008 PM 8589424 ER PT B AU Huberty, B Brock, R Blazquez, C Ambrosia, V AF Huberty, B Brock, R Blazquez, C Ambrosia, V BE Huberty, B Lurie, JB Caylor, JA Coppin, P Robert, PC TI Human remote sensing with HAWKEYE glasses for early forest and agriculture stress detection SO MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING FOR TERRESTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral Imaging for Terrestrial Applications CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE vision; detection; plant stress; interpretation; filters; glasses AB Early detection of plant stress has always been a priority in forestry and agriculture. Identifying and treating problems increases both food and fiber production as well as making the most of scarce resources. In the past, farmers, foresters, and gardeners have relied upon expensive electronic and/or photographic systems to detect plant stress problems before they devastate plants. This paper highlights some of the early findings on a study to create a simple detection system using specially tinted glasses and human observation. RP Huberty, B (reprint author), NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,USDA,2820 WALTON COMMONS W,SUITE 123,MADISON,WI 53704, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2206-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2818 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.256101 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG73C UT WOS:A1996BG73C00004 ER PT B AU Anderson, GL Yang, C AF Anderson, GL Yang, C BE Huberty, B Lurie, JB Caylor, JA Coppin, P Robert, PC TI Multispectral videography for site-specific farm management SO MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING FOR TERRESTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral Imaging for Terrestrial Applications CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE multispectral videography; precision farming; sorghum; GIS; GPS; remote sensing; yield AB Researchers are expending considerable effort to develop the technology and methodology needed to identify and map within-field management zones for site-specific farming. Much of the research has focused on the use of either a high-density geographically referenced grid of soil samples or mechanical yield sensor measurements that record geographic positions and production levels. In either case, complex spatial models are generally used to extrapolate the various soil variables and production level information across the entire field. Both procedures produce a wealth of information, however, the analysis of soil samples tends to be quite expensive and the accuracy of mechanical yield measurements does vary. This study represents an ongoing effort designed to evaluate remote sensing as a tool for determining within field management zones. Color-infrared aerial photography and multispectral videography were used in concert to map and stratify two grain sorghum fields into regions or zones of homogeneous spectral response. A limited number of soil and plant samples were acquired to characterize the biotic and edaphic conditions within each zone. Results obtained during the first year of the study indicated that multispectral video can be used to develop within field management zones. Simple univariate analysis indicated that sie) pH, Ca, and Fe were important variables affecting yield. Analysis of the yield data indicated that the economic returns from 17% of the first field and 20% of the second field were insufficient to recoup planting costs. Multispectral video also proved instrumental in modeling the spatial variability of yield. A significant negative correlation (r(2)>0.90) was obtained between the red spectral band and crop yields for both fields. Stratification, in this case using image data, reduces the number of samples required to characterize a field by reducing the variance associated within each stratum. Image data also provided a comprehensive view of each field that maintained the spatial connectivity between sites, thus reducing the need for complex spatial modeling. RP Anderson, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2206-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2818 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1117/12.256079 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG73C UT WOS:A1996BG73C00010 ER PT J AU Rossman, AY AF Rossman, AY TI Morphological and molecular perspectives on systematics of the Hypocreales SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Anamorph; Ascomycetes; Clavicipitaceae; Clavicipitales; Hypocreaceae; Nectria; taxonomy; teleomorph ID GLIOCLADIUM-ROSEUM; SEQUENCE; PENICILLIFER; BIOCONTROL; HYPOMYCES; ANAMORPH; NECTRIA; FUNGI AB The ascomycetous order Hypocreales and its anamorphs include fungi of economic importance ranging from virulent plant pathogens to effective agents of biological control, and from producers of powerful antibiotics to the sources of potent mycotoxins. In the last twenty years progress toward understanding the systematics of the Hypocreales has been made primarily through descriptive accounts of species within the complexes centered around the genera Hypocrea, Hypomyces and Nectria. Through a reexamination of type specimens, the number of genera in the Hypocreales has been reduced from over 200 to about 80. Careful study of hypocrealean fungi has revealed relationships among species that are based on suites of correlated characters including those of the anamorph. These serve as the basis for newly revised generic concepts, particularly for those species previously classified as Nectria sensu late. Recent molecular studies have supported these generic concepts and presented new insights into traditional concepts of the order. Integration of teleomorphic-anamorphic taxa may be possible by combining results of morphological and molecular data. RP Rossman, AY (reprint author), AGR RES SERV, USDA, US NATL FUNGUS COLLECT, SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 105 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 88 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.2307/3760780 PG 19 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TV254 UT WOS:A1996TV25400001 ER PT J AU Miller, OK Volk, TJ Bessette, AE AF Miller, OK Volk, TJ Bessette, AE TI A new genus, Leucopholiota, in the Tricholomataceae (Agaricales) to accommodate an unusual taxon SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Armillaria decorosa; systematics; Tricholoma AB Armillaria subgenus Leucopholiota is elevated to the generic level to accommodate Tricholoma decorosum, originally placed in Agaricus tribus Tricholoma and best known as Armillaria decorosa. Included are a description of the species, illustration of the microscopic features and a discussion of the distinctive characters of this taxon. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,MADISON,WI 53705. SYRACUSE UNIV,UTICA COLL,DEPT BIOL,UTICA,NY 13502. RP Miller, OK (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 88 IS 1 BP 137 EP 139 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TV254 UT WOS:A1996TV25400015 ER PT J AU Anderson, WF Holbrook, CC Wilson, DM AF Anderson, WF Holbrook, CC Wilson, DM TI Development of greenhouse screening for resistance to Aspergillus parasiticus infection and preharvest aflatoxin contamination in peanut SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID SEED AB Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries and A. parasiticus Speare can invade peanut kernels and under certain environmental conditions produce unacceptable levels of the mycotoxin aflatoxin. A concerted effort is underway to reduce aflatoxin contamination in peanut and peanut products. A potentially effective method of control in peanut is the discovery and use of genes for resistance to either fungal invasion or aflatoxin formation. The objective of the present experimental study was to develop an effective and efficient procedure for screening individual plants or pods of single plants for resistance to invasion by the aflatoxigenic fungi and subsequent aflatoxin production. Methods of obtaining adequate drought-stress and fungal infection were developed through this series of experiments. By completely isolating the pods from the root zone and imposing drought-stress only on pegs and pods, high levels of fungal infection were observed. High amounts of preharvest aflatoxin accumulation were also produced by completely isolating the pods from the root zone. Mid-bloom inoculation with A. parasiticus-contaminated cracked corn and drought-stress periods of 40 to 60 days were the most effective procedures. This technique was used to assess peanut genotypes previously identified as being partially resistant to A. parasiticus infection or aflatoxin contamination, and segregating populations from four crosses. Variability in aflatoxin contamination was found among the 11 genotypes evaluated, however, none were significantly lower than the standard cultivars. Broad-sense heritability of four crosses was estimated through evaluation of seed from individual plants in the F-2 generation. The heritability estimates of crosses GFA-2 x NC-V11 and Tifton-8 x NC-V11 were 0.46 and 0.29, respectively, but mean aflatoxin contamination levels were high (73,295 and 27,305 ppb). This greenhouse screening method could be an effective tool when genes for superior aflatoxin resistance are identified. C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Anderson, WF (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1996 VL 135 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1007/BF00436461 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA WL992 UT WOS:A1996WL99200009 PM 9091828 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, K Garrison, NK Hinton, DM Bacon, CW Khush, GS Peck, HD Datta, N AF Mukhopadhyay, K Garrison, NK Hinton, DM Bacon, CW Khush, GS Peck, HD Datta, N TI Identification and characterization of bacterial endophytes of rice SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE bacterial endophytes; biological control; rice; fungal pathogens ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE AB We isolated seven different bacteria from rice seedlings grown from surface sterilized seeds. Three were associated with the rice seed husk and the other four were growing endophytically within the seed. Microscopic studies revealed that the endophytes were concentrated in the root stele region. Some of the bacteria exhibited strong anti-fungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium myriotylum, Guamannomyces graminis and Heterobasidium annosum. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. ARS,USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. INT RICE RES INST,DIV PLANT BREEDING GENET & BIOCHEM,MANILA 1099,PHILIPPINES. RI Khush, Gurdev Singh/C-5109-2009 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1996 VL 134 IS 3 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1007/BF00436723 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA VY792 UT WOS:A1996VY79200007 PM 20882464 ER PT J AU Richard, JL Dvorak, TJ Ross, PF AF Richard, JL Dvorak, TJ Ross, PF TI Natural occurrence of gliotoxin in turkeys infected with Aspergillus fumigatus, Fresenius SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aspergillosis; pathogenesis; avian disease; mycotoxin; air sacculitis AB Thirteen samples of infected turkey lung tissue from cases of 'airsacculitis' were collected either at the processing plant or from a local turkey farm and subjected to cultural and gliotoxin analysis. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from 6 of the 13 samples; all isolates were determined to be gliotoxin producers when grown in laboratory culture and assayed by HPLC procedures. Gliotoxin was isolated from 5 of the 13 tissues but was not isolated from all tissues that were infected with A. fumigatus. Gliotoxin was isolated from two tissues from which no A. fumigatus was isolated and it was not detected in three tissues from which gliotoxin-producing isolates of A. fumigatus were obtained. The ability of this pathogenic fungus to produce this immunomodulating compound in naturally infected turkeys provides further evidence that gliotoxin may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, aspergillosis of turkeys. C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,APHIS,AMES,IA 50010. RP Richard, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1996 VL 134 IS 3 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1007/BF00436725 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA VY792 UT WOS:A1996VY79200009 PM 8981782 ER PT J AU Reams, R Thacker, HL Novilla, M Laska, D Horn, J Harrington, D Greenlee, W Vesonder, R AF Reams, R Thacker, HL Novilla, M Laska, D Horn, J Harrington, D Greenlee, W Vesonder, R TI Development of an L6 myoblast in vitro model of moniliformin toxicosis SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE A23187; beauvericin; L6 myoblast; moniliformin; monensin; pyruvate dehydrogenase ID CALCIUM-DEPENDENT STEPS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CARRYING IONOPHORE; INHIBITION; MECHANISM; TOXICITY; METABOLITE; MONENSIN; TURKEYS; CHICKS AB L6 myoblasts were used as an in vitro model to investigate the role of moniliformin and its interaction with monensin in turkey knockdown syndrome and sudden death syndromes in poultry. Cell viability and microscopic and ultrastructural alterations noted in L6 myoblasts cultured in the presence of moniliformin (0.0-0.3 mu g/mu l) were compared to those observed in parallel cultures also containing one of the following compounds: selenium (0-0.004 ng/mu l), thiamine (0-0.3 mu g/mu l), or pyruvate (0-0.46 mu g/mu l). Marked dilation of the RER, membranous whorls, glycogen deposition, membrane-bound cytoplasmic inclusions and necrosis were observed in myoblasts exposed to 0.03-0.30 mu g moniliformin/mu l medium. Supplementation of medium with thiamine and pyruvate, or selenium, provided significant protection to cells exposed to 0.0-0.3 mu g/mu l or 0.0-0.15 mu g moniliformin/mu l, respectively. Dose-dependent differences in protein and ATP production were not detected. Myoblasts grown in medium containing 0-0.15 mu g moniliformin/mu l and 7.5-50.0 mu M A23187, beauvericin or monensin had degrees of cytotoxicity similar to parallel cultures receiving only an ionophere. L6 myoblasts were a useful model of moniliformin toxicosis. The findings of this study suggest cytotoxicity die to moniliformin in L6 myoblasts may be due in part to oxidative damage and altered pyruvate metabolism, and that moniliformin does not predispose myoblasts to ionophore toxicosis. This study supports the results of in vivo investigations in poultry that moniliformin and monensin do not act synergistically to induce knockdown or monensin toxicosis. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. ELI LILLY & CO,GREENFIELD,IN 46140. USDA,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Reams, R (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1996 VL 133 IS 2 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1007/BF00439121 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA VD561 UT WOS:A1996VD56100007 PM 8751829 ER PT J AU Richard, JL Meerdink, G Maragos, CM Tumbleson, M Bordson, G Rice, LG Ross, PF AF Richard, JL Meerdink, G Maragos, CM Tumbleson, M Bordson, G Rice, LG Ross, PF TI Absence of detectable fumonisins in the milk of cows fed Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg culture material SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fumonisins; milk; Fusarium; cows; analysis ID MONILIFORME; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; MYCOTOXINS AB Fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins produced by the ubiquitous fungi Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum, were first identified about eight years ago. They have been shown to cause a variety of health effects in animals, including epidemiological evidence of esophageal cancer in humans. Cattle are less sensitive to ill effects than horses and swine. Fumonisins are common contaminants of low quality grain fed to cattle. Culture material containing fumonisins (FB1, FB2, and FB3) was mixed into the total diet and fed for 14 days to two midlactation Jersey cows to determine if fumonisins are excreted in milk. The dietary equivalent of fumonisin was approximately 75 ppm and the two cows consumed an average of 3 mg fumonisin B1/kg body weight (bwt)/day Fumonisins were not detected in any of the milk samples by two analytical laboratories using methods with a sensitivity of 5 ng/ml. Except for transient diarrhea at the beginning of the contaminant feeding period and an increase in serum cholesterol, clinical and hematologic changes were not observed in the animals. The appearance or carry over of fumonisins from feed to milk in dairy cows does not appear to be significant and likely not a hazard or food safety concern for humans. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,LABS VET DIAGNOST MED,URBANA,IL 61801. APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP Richard, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 12 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1996 VL 133 IS 2 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1007/BF00439124 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA VD561 UT WOS:A1996VD56100010 PM 8751831 ER PT J AU Cazares, E Smith, JE AF Cazares, E Smith, JE TI Occurrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in Pseudotsuga menziesii and Tsuga heterophylla seedlings grown in Oregon Coast Range soils SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae; Pinaceae; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Tsuga heterophylla; soil bioassay ID FUNGI; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL AB Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) were common in seedlings of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Tsuga heterophylla grown in a greenhouse soil bioassay in soils collected from the Oregon Coast Range. Although root samples were heavily colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM), VAM colonization was observed in the cortical cells of both secondary and feeder roots. Vesicles, arbuscules, and hyphae typical of VAM occurred in 48% of 61 P. menziesii and 25% of 57 T. heterophylla seedlings. The ecological significance of VAM presence in the Pinaceae, as well as interactions among VAM, EM, and the plant host, deserve future investigation. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Cazares, E (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD JAN PY 1996 VL 6 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TN564 UT WOS:A1996TN56400011 ER PT J AU Courtecuisse, R Samuels, GJ Hoff, M Rossman, AY Cremers, G Huhndorf, SM Stephenson, SL AF Courtecuisse, R Samuels, GJ Hoff, M Rossman, AY Cremers, G Huhndorf, SM Stephenson, SL TI Check-list of fungi from French Guiana - ''Studies in the flora of the Guianas no 80'' SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Review ID SAUT-PARARE ARATAYE; MYCOLOGICAL INVENTORY; ANAMORPH; NECTRIA; GENERA; HYPOMYCES; ELEMENTS AB A preliminary list of the fungi known from French Guiana is presented. The list is drawn from herbarium specimens and from literature citations. 625 taxa are listed with herbarium references, collecting and some bibliographic information. Two new combinations are introduced : Galerina pectinata (Saccardo) Courtec. and Cotylidia spectabilis (Leveille) Courtec. C1 ARS,USDA,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ORSTOM,F-67200 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. ORSTOM,HERBIER CTR CAYENNE,CAYENNE 97323,FRENCH GUIANA. FIELD MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,CHICAGO,IL 60605. FAIRMONT STATE COLL,FAIRMONT,WV 26554. RP Courtecuisse, R (reprint author), FAC SCI PHARMACEUT & BIOL,DEPT BOT,BP 83,F-59006 LILLE,FRANCE. NR 99 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 57 BP 1 EP 85 PG 85 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TW176 UT WOS:A1996TW17600001 ER PT J AU Castellano, MA Muchovej, JJ AF Castellano, MA Muchovej, JJ TI Truffle-like fungi from South America: Hysterangium sensu lato SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article AB Re-examination of collections previously identified as species of Hysterangium from South America revealed a number df taxa in several distinct genera. To facilitate a modem survey of the truffle-like, presumptive ectomycorrhizal flora of South America, we redescribe nearly all South American taxa previously placed in the genus Hysterangium, describe several new Hysterangium species. The new genus, Hallingea is described to accommodate three Hysterangium species. C1 UNIV FED VICOSA,DEPT FITOPATOL,BR-36570 VICOSA,MG,BRAZIL. RP Castellano, MA (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 57 BP 329 EP 345 PG 17 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TW176 UT WOS:A1996TW17600019 ER PT J AU McCleese, W AF McCleese, W BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI National Hydrology Workshop: Watersheds in the nineties SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00001 ER PT J AU Sykes, KJ AF Sykes, KJ BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Forest Service role in Natural Resources Conservation Service (Soil Conservation Service) watershed programs SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,NE AREA S&PF,MORGANTOWN,WV. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 21 EP 23 PG 3 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00004 ER PT J AU Dissmeyer, GE AF Dissmeyer, GE BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Aquatic ecosystem approach to monitoring SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,STATE & PRIVATE FORESTRY WATER PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00006 ER PT J AU Thomas, RB AF Thomas, RB BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Statistical basis of water quality monitoring SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,ARCATA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00007 ER PT B AU Dolloff, A AF Dolloff, A BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Ecological role of large woody debris in forest streams SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 VIRGINIA TECH,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,BLACKSBURG,VA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 54 EP 57 PG 4 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00008 ER PT J AU Potyondy, JP AF Potyondy, JP BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Technical issues related to nonpoint source management SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,STREAM SYST TECHNOL CTR,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 65 EP 73 PG 9 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00010 ER PT J AU LaFayette, RA Pruitt, JR Zeedyk, WD AF LaFayette, RA Pruitt, JR Zeedyk, WD BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Riparian area enhancement through road design and maintenance SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV SW REG,USDA,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 85 EP 95 PG 11 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00013 ER PT J AU DeBano, LF Rinne, JN Medina, AL AF DeBano, LF Rinne, JN Medina, AL BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Understanding and managing southwestern riparian-stream ecosystems: National Forest Systems and Forest Service research partnerships SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 NO ARIZONA UNIV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 96 EP 102 PG 7 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00014 ER PT J AU Bates, DT AF Bates, DT BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Development, implementation and monitoring of Riparian Standards and Guidelines SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,WILLAMETTE NATL FOREST,EUGENE,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00015 ER PT B AU Glasser, SP AF Glasser, SP BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI USDA - Forest Service policy on water rights SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,WATER RIGHTS PROGRAM,WATERSHED & AIR MANAGEMENT STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 108 EP 112 PG 5 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00016 ER PT J AU Smith, RS AF Smith, RS BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Geomorphic effects of large woody debris in streams SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,USDA,JUNEAU,AK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 113 EP 127 PG 15 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00017 ER PT J AU Puffer, A AF Puffer, A BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Merging NEPA and hydrology SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NO REG,MISSOULA,MT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 131 EP 141 PG 11 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00019 ER PT B AU Chavez, L AF Chavez, L BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Above-below diversion study SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,PIKE SAN ISABEL NATL FOREST,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00021 ER PT B AU Luce, CH AF Luce, CH BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Topics in sediment modeling SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 151 EP 159 PG 9 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00022 ER PT J AU Bartuska, AM Buford, MA AF Bartuska, AM Buford, MA BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI USDA Forest Service's National Wetlands Research Program SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 160 EP 167 PG 8 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00023 ER PT B AU Toliver, JR AF Toliver, JR BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Multiple-use values of forested Wetlands - Policy and management implications SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 168 EP 173 PG 6 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00024 ER PT J AU Hansen, WF AF Hansen, WF BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Watershed rehabilitation and monitoring SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,FRANCIS MARION SUMTER,SC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 187 EP 200 PG 14 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00027 ER PT J AU Spencer, TA AF Spencer, TA BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Information management: A framework for the future SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT REG,LAKEWOOD,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 205 EP 207 PG 3 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00029 ER PT J AU Bates, DT Vrijmoet, A AF Bates, DT Vrijmoet, A BE Neary, D Ross, KC Coleman, SS TI Marketing watershed management in the US Forest Service: An example from the Willamette National Forest, Pacific Northwest Region SO NATIONAL HYDROLOGY WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS - WATERSHEDS IN THE NINETIES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Hydrology Workshop - Watersheds in the Nineties CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Exptl Stn C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,WILLAMETTE NATL FOREST,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1996 VL 279 BP 208 EP 210 PG 3 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BG16H UT WOS:A1996BG16H00030 ER PT J AU Kouzi, SA Dowd, PF McChesney, JD AF Kouzi, SA Dowd, PF McChesney, JD TI Antiinsectan activity of the diterpene sclareol and analogs against fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda SO NATURAL PRODUCT LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sclareol; diterpene; microbial metabolites; antiinsectan activity; biotransformation; Spodoptera frugiperda ID MICROBIAL-METABOLISM; NICOTIANA-GLUTINOSA; GROWTH AB The natural diterpenoid sclareol (1) and ten of its analogs (2-11) were tested for their antiinsectan activity against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Two of the tested analogs, 2-keto-sclareol (3) and 8 alpha,13 beta-dihydroxy-labd-14-en-18-O-beta-D-glucoside (10), showed significant activity. C1 NE LOUISIANA UNIV,SCH PHARM,MONROE,LA 71209. USDA ARS,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,SCH PHARM,PHARMACEUT SCI RES INST,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,SCH PHARM,DEPT PHARMACOGNOSY,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1057-5634 J9 NAT PROD LETT JI Nat. Prod. Lett. PY 1996 VL 8 IS 3 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1080/10575639608044896 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UH942 UT WOS:A1996UH94200009 ER PT S AU Manners, GD AF Manners, GD BE Singh, BR Tu, AT TI Plant toxins - The essences of diversity and a challenge to research SO NATURAL TOXINS 2: STRUCTURE, MECHANISM OF ACTION, AND DETECTION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Review CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Natural Toxins CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; ANTENNARIA-MICROPHYLLA; CARDIAC-GLYCOSIDES; EUPHORBIA-ESULA; METHYLLYCACONITINE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ASCLEPIADACEAE; DISCOVERY; HEMIPTERA; HAMSTERS RP Manners, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 137 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45289-8 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 391 BP 9 EP 35 PG 27 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Toxicology GA BF60N UT WOS:A1996BF60N00002 PM 8726047 ER PT S AU Abbas, HK Duke, SO Shier, WT Riley, RT Kraus, GA AF Abbas, HK Duke, SO Shier, WT Riley, RT Kraus, GA BE Singh, BR Tu, AT TI The chemistry and biological activities of the natural products AAL-toxin and the fumonisins SO NATURAL TOXINS 2: STRUCTURE, MECHANISM OF ACTION, AND DETECTION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Natural Toxins CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; COMPLEX SPHINGOLIPIDS; PROTEIN-KINASE; SPHINGOSINE; MYCOTOXINS; CULTURES; PHYTOTOXICITY; JIMSONWEED C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL PHARM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA ARS,TMRU,ATHENS,GA 30613. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SWSL,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 82 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45289-8 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 391 BP 293 EP 308 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Toxicology GA BF60N UT WOS:A1996BF60N00023 PM 8726068 ER PT S AU Jacks, TJ DeLucca, AJ Brogden, KA AF Jacks, TJ DeLucca, AJ Brogden, KA BE Singh, BR Tu, AT TI Interaction of lipopolysaccharide with the antimicrobial peptide ''cecropin A'' SO NATURAL TOXINS 2: STRUCTURE, MECHANISM OF ACTION, AND DETECTION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Natural Toxins CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID NEUTRALIZATION; BINDING C1 USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50010. RP Jacks, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45289-8 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 391 BP 357 EP 360 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Toxicology GA BF60N UT WOS:A1996BF60N00029 PM 8726074 ER PT B AU Zeringue, HJ Bhatnagar, D AF Zeringue, HJ Bhatnagar, D BE Singh, RP Chari, MS Raheja, AK Kraus, W TI Neem and control of aflatoxin contamination SO NEEM AND ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Neem Conference - Neem and Environment CY FEB 24-28, 1993 CL BANGALORE, INDIA SP Indian Soc Tobacco Sci, Indian Council Agr Res, Indian Tobacco Co AB Aflatoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites of the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts on Aspergillus growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis was investigated. The leaf extracts were prepared by blending 100 g (wet weight) of fresh leaves in one liter of water. The formulation (1 to 40 per cent, v/v), when added to fungal growth medium prior to inoculation, did not affect fungal growth but essentially blocked aflatoxin biosynthesis in both A. flavus(100 per cent) and A. parasiticus (> 95 per cent) at concentrations greater than 10 per cent (v/v). Neem seed aqueous extracts were not as effective as the leaf extracts, whereas neem oil had no effect. Injection of the neem leaf extract followed by an A. flavus spore suspension (48 hrs later) onto the surface of locks of developing cotton bells (30-day post-anthesis) did not affect fungal growth in the bells, but the seeds from the locules exhibited > 98 per cent inhibition in aflatoxin production. In vitro studies with the fungi suggest that non-volatile neem leaf constituents inhibit aflatoxin biosynthesis in the early stages of the biosynthetic pathway. The neem-mediated inhibition appears to involve regulation of secondary metabolism, because once secondary biosynthesis was initiated the inhibitory effect of the neem leaf constituents was lost. Practical applications of this observation are being developed to eliminate the preharvest contamination of crops with aflatoxin. RP Zeringue, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI LEBANON PA 52 LABOMBARD ROAD NORTH, LEBANON, NH 03766 BN 1-886106-32-0 PY 1996 BP 713 EP 727 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BJ32J UT WOS:A1996BJ32J00077 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Meyer, RJ AF Meyer, SLF Meyer, RJ TI Survival of the nematode-antagonistic fungus Verticillium lecanii in alginate prills SO NEMATOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; biological control; alginate prills; formulation; delivery; viability; Verticillium lecanii ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; FIELD SOIL; PROLIFERATION; PELLETS AB Strains of the fungus Verticillium lecanii have been incorporated into alginate prills and studied as potential management agents for plant-parasitic nematodes. Since long-term storage is essential in material intended for field applications, the viabilities of two V. lecanii strains in prill formulations were recorded after storage in the freezer (-15 degrees C), refrigerator (4 degrees C), ambient room conditions (ca. 25 degrees C), and glasshouse (15-43 degrees C). In a wheat bran formulation, both strains generally grew from 90%-100% of prills stored in the refrigerator for up to 43-45 months (although one batch of the mutant strain lost viability by 12 months). Viability at -15 degrees C did not always remain as high as when prills were stored at 4 degrees C. Viability of both strains was 0% within 2 years at ambient room conditions and within 7 months in the glasshouse. Similar results were obtained with the mutant strain in a pyrophyllite formulation. One hatch of wheat bran prills made with the mutant strain plus soybean cyst nematode sex pheromone (vanillic acid) was also tested. Fungus viability was 0% after 25 months (freezer, refrigerator), 4 months (ambient room conditions), and 1 month (glasshouse). Fungus in prills made with the pheromone analogue syringic acid had a similar longevity to fungus in prills without added pheromone. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 011A,RM 153,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU E J BRILL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0028-2596 J9 NEMATOLOGICA JI Nematologica PD JAN PY 1996 VL 42 IS 1 BP 114 EP 123 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TQ935 UT WOS:A1996TQ93500012 ER PT S AU House, JA Mariner, JC AF House, JA Mariner, JC BE Brown, F TI Stabilization of rinderpest vaccine by modification of the lyophilization process SO NEW APPROACHES TO STABILISATION OF VACCINES POTENCY SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WHO/IABS Symposium on Progress on the Stability of Vaccines CY MAY 29-31, 1995 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP WHO, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat (IABS) DE rinderpest; vaccine; lyophilization; stabilization ID CULTURE VACCINE; TEMPERATURE AB Rinderpest (RP), a lethal disease of cattle, was almost eradicated from the African continent under Joint Project 15 (JP15), using an excellent modified live virus vaccine. Due to marked instability of the vaccine, a cold chain was required to ensure that the vaccine was potent at the time of application. Rinderpest re-emerged in the early 1980s. The Pan African Rinderpest Campaign (PARC) was developed to combat the new epidemic. For PARC to be efficacious and affordable, there was a clear need to have a vaccine that was thermostable. The need for a stable vaccine was underscored in politically unstable areas such as the Sudan, where the veterinary infrastructure has diminished and vaccination has been left in the hands of personnel who must act expeditiously. This paper reviews studies on various stabilizers and a modified lyophilization cycle that resulted in a highly thermostable RP vaccine. The useful shelf life of the vaccine, under African field conditions, was increased from less than one week to at least 100 days. For practical reasons, PARC recommends that the vaccine be used within 30 days of leaving refrigeration (the cold chain). RP House, JA (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6309-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 87 BP 235 EP 244 PG 10 WC Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BG22L UT WOS:A1996BG22L00028 PM 8854023 ER PT J AU Ernst, M Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA AF Ernst, M Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA TI Purification and characterization of a new fructan series from species of Asteraceae SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Cichorium intybus; Helianthus tuberosus; Taraxacum officinale; fructan; inulo-n-ose ID HELIANTHUS-TUBEROSUS L; ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; CICHORIUM-INTYBUS ROOTS; JERUSALEM-ARTICHOKE; METABOLISM; OLIGOMERS; FRUCTOSYLTRANSFERASE; EXOHYDROLASE; INULINASE; VACUOLES AB A new fructan series, in addition to inulin, was identified in tissue extracts of Cichorium intybus L., Helianthus tuberosus L. and Taraxacum officinale Weber. The second fructan series was separated from the inulin series up to degree of polymerization (DP) 18 by ion chromatography. The DP 4 of this new fructan series was purified and structurally analysed. Hydrolysis and methylation analysis of the DP 4 oligomer shows that this is a fructan series that contains only beta-2,1-linked fructose molecules. We conclude that this new fructan series in species of Asteraceae comprises the inulo-n-ose series and probably consists of products of inulin hydrolysis that are formed during inulin mobilization. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP Ernst, M (reprint author), UNIV HOHENHEIM 370,D-70593 STUTTGART,GERMANY. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 132 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04509.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TU236 UT WOS:A1996TU23600004 ER PT J AU Zeller, K AF Zeller, K GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Ozone deposition in a subalpine Rocky Mountain forest SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 94 EP 95 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00023 ER PT B AU McPherson, EG Simpson, JR Scott, KI AF McPherson, EG Simpson, JR Scott, KI GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI ''Bact'' analysis: Are there cost effective air quality benefits from trees? SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC SW RES STN,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 355 EP 359 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00079 ER PT J AU Thistle, HW Teske, ME Barry, JW AF Thistle, HW Teske, ME Barry, JW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Incorporation of stability effects into a Lagrangian solver used to model wake and ambient dispersion in the atmosphere SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 US FOREST SERV,MISSOULA TECHNOL & DEV CTR,USDA,MISSOULA,MT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 538 EP 541 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00123 ER PT S AU Ross, RJ McDonald, KA Green, DW Schad, KC AF Ross, RJ McDonald, KA Green, DW Schad, KC BE Bartos, AL Green, RE Ruud, CO TI Stress wave nondestructive evaluation of logs to predict structural product quality SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 19-22, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc, NIST, Natl Sci Fdn DE NDE; logs; grading; quality; stress wave AB Past nondestructive evaluation (NDE) research efforts have paved the way for the successful use of NDE for determining the quality of finished wood products. However, little effort has been expended on developing NDE techniques for use in grading or sorting logs for internal soundness and structural quality. We recently conducted a study to address this area. This paper describes our study and the results obtained from it. In our study, longitudinal stress wave NDE techniques were used to evaluate the quality of approximately 197 balsam fir and eastern spruce logs prior to processing into lumber. Longitudinal speed-of-sound transmission was used to determine the modulus of elasticity (MOE) for each log. The MOE of each piece of structural lumber cut from the logs was then determined using transverse vibration NDE techniques. A strong relationship was observed between the MOE of the logs and the lumber obtained from the logs. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, FOREST PROD LAB, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-708-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 210-2 BP 109 EP 114 PN 1 & 2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BH18C UT WOS:A1996BH18C00015 ER PT B AU Ross, RJ McDonald, KA Soltis, LA Otton, P AF Ross, RJ McDonald, KA Soltis, LA Otton, P BE Doctor, S Lebowitz, CA Baaklini, GY TI NDE of historic structures - USS constitution SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Composites CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE NDE; deterioration; USS Constitution; historic structures AB The USS Constitution is the oldest floating commissioned ship in the U.S. Navy. Recently, the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, was involved in developing an inspection methodology for the use of Navy personnel responsible for maintaining the ship. Several nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques were used to assess the condition of fasteners in the ship and the general condition of the wood comprising it. Radiography and ultrasonic techniques were used to assess the condition of the copper pins used as fasteners. Stress wave NDE techniques were used to locate areas of degradation in the wood. This paper describes the stress wave techniques employed and results obtained from their use. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2348-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2944 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1117/12.259067 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BG84N UT WOS:A1996BG84N00029 ER PT B AU Schmoldt, DL Nelson, RM Ross, RJ AF Schmoldt, DL Nelson, RM Ross, RJ BE Doctor, S Lebowitz, CA Baaklini, GY TI Ultrasonic defect detection in wooden pallet parts for quality sorting SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Composites CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE ultrasound; wooden pallets; inspection; grading; defect detection; time of flight AB Millions of wooden pallets are discarded annually due to damage or because their low cost makes them readily disposable. Higher quality wooden pallets, however, can be built from high quality deckboards and stringers, and have a much longer life cycle and a lower cost per trip. The long-term goal of this project is to develop an automated pallet part inspection system to sort pallet parts according to grade. Ultrasonic time of flight (TOF) measurements in a pitch-catch arrangement are being used to distinguish different types of defects, including knots, decay, cross grain, and voids, from clear wood. Rolling transducers of 3 different frequencies (84 KHz, 0.5 MHz, and 1.25 MHz) have been used to collect measurements on four oak deckboards of 1/2'' thickness. Ultrasonic C-scans taken on a 1/2'' x 1/2'' grid indicate that TOF with 84 KHz transducers can be used to partially distinguish between several deckboard features and clear wood. Nevertheless, future application of these results to defect detection must not be limited to single, pixel value classification, but must include pixel neighborhoods with textural information. RP Schmoldt, DL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2348-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2944 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1117/12.259069 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BG84N UT WOS:A1996BG84N00031 ER PT J AU Rose, CL AF Rose, CL TI Forest canopy atmosphere interactions SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the Northwest-Scientific-Association CY MAR, 1994 CL ELLENSBURG, WA SP NW Sci Assoc, Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Ecosyst Res Grp, USFS PNW Res Stn, Int Canopy Network ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; LIGNIN CONTROL; ECOSYSTEMS; CO2; DEPOSITION; POLLUTANTS; EXCHANGE; NITROGEN; CLIMATE; CYCLES AB Exchanges of materials (gases, nutrients, water, pollutants, and energy) between forest canopies and the atmosphere drive important ecosystem processes and influence many meteorological phenomena. Trees must exchange water, carbon dioxide, and energy with the atmosphere to survive. As new instruments and quantitative tools emerge for measuring forest and atmospheric conditions, the complexities of canopy-atmosphere canopy-atmosphere interactions can be more accurately understood and modeled. Improved knowledge of canopy-atmosphere interactions is becoming more important as human activities alter both the structure and function of forest canopies, as well as the chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere. The increased scientific focus on structural and functional attributes of forest canopies in recent years promises to yield new insights into the effects of human disturbance on environments in forest canopies and the atmosphere. Important topics for future research in canopy-atmosphere interactions include: (i) the influence of elevation, forest edge, and canopy roughness on atmospheric deposition of pollutants; (2) the dynamics of carbon sequestration in forest biomass in relation to forest management practices and other disturbances; (3) the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on forest functioning and atmospheric feedbacks; and (4) the functional changes in forest canopies associated with structural changes, and consequences for watershed hydrology and nutrient cycling. RP US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC NW RES STN, BEND, OR 97701 USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 1996 VL 70 SI SI BP 7 EP 14 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VG982 UT WOS:A1996VG98200004 ER PT J AU Parke, CG Shaw, DC AF Parke, CG Shaw, DC TI Death and decay: A vital part of living canopies SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the Northwest-Scientific-Association CY MAR, 1994 CL ELLENSBURG, WA SP NW Sci Assoc, Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Ecosyst Res Grp, USFS PNW Res Stn, Int Canopy Network ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; NUTRIENT CONTENT; WESTERN OREGON; ECOSYSTEMS; WOOD; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS AB Wood decay is a significant ecological process affecting Northwest forest canopies. Standing dead trees (snags) and partially decayed living trees offer five primary functions in the forest canopy: they increase structural diversity, alter canopy microenvironment, promote biological diversity, provide critical habitat for wildlife, and act as storehouses for nutrient and organic matter recycling agents. In this paper we do not discuss traditional measurement of wood decay In thr canopy as a silvicultural loss of standing timber, but review current literature of forest ecology and define wood of dying and dead trees as an important component of the aboveground ecosystem. RP Parke, CG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FORESTRY & RANGE SCI LAB,PACIFIC NW RES STN,1401 GEKELER LANE,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 1996 VL 70 SI SI BP 46 EP 53 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VG982 UT WOS:A1996VG98200008 ER PT J AU Carey, AB AF Carey, AB TI Interactions of Northwest forest canopies and arboreal mammals SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the Northwest-Scientific-Association CY MAR, 1994 CL ELLENSBURG, WA SP NW Sci Assoc, Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Ecosyst Res Grp, USFS PNW Res Stn, Int Canopy Network ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; OREGON; TAMIASCIURUS; SQUIRRELS; NICHE AB The interactions among Northwest forest canopies and the mammals that inhabit them have been poorly studied. My purpose was to identify interactions among arboreal mammals and canopies that have implications for managers seeking to conserve biodiversity in the Pacific Northwest. I constructed a comprehensive, but parsimonious list of canopy attributes that could be biologically important. I compiled a list of mammals that routinely enter the canopy and ranked them relative to arboreality. I identified which attributes might be important to each species and how the attributes might contribute to maintaining arboreal rodent communities. Forest canopies have 26 categories of attributes of 5 major types: context, seral stage, community type, canopy dimensions, and tree species character, At least 12 species of mammals (excluding bats) use forest canopies, but only 7 should be considered truly arboreal. Ail but one of the arboreal rodents are Limited zoogeographically, or in local distribution. because of needs for specific habitat elements. Only one species, the red tree vole, is totally arboreal; thus, the composition and structure of the arboreal rodent community is conditioned by both canopy and noncanopy features of the forest. Of the canopy attributes, diversity of tree species and abundance of nontree organisms, including lichens, mosses, and rot inducing fungi, seem especially important to arboreal rodents, Diversity of tree species provides a variety of food (foliage, seed, fruit, nuts, and truffles and mushrooms of fungi symbiotic with the trees). Rot-inducing (and pathogenic) fungi provide cavities for leaf-lichen-moss nests and platforms for lichen-moss-twig nests. Lichens also serve as food. RP Carey, AB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC NW RES STN, 3625 93RD AVE SW, OLYMPIA, WA 98512 USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 1996 VL 70 SI SI BP 72 EP 78 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VG982 UT WOS:A1996VG98200011 ER PT J AU Wunder, L Carey, AB AF Wunder, L Carey, AB TI Use of the forest canopy by bats SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the Northwest-Scientific-Association CY MAR, 1994 CL ELLENSBURG, WA SP NW Sci Assoc, Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Ecosyst Res Grp, USFS PNW Res Stn, Int Canopy Network ID INSECTIVOROUS BATS; MYOTIS-YUMANENSIS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; PREY SELECTION; HABITAT USE; BEHAVIOR; CHIROPTERA; COMMUNITY; VESPERTILIONIDAE; ECHOLOCATION AB Of the 15 species of bats in the Pacific Northwest, 11 are known to make regular use of the forest canopy for roosting, foraging, and reproduction. This paper reviews roosting requirements, foraging, and the importance of landscape-scale factors to canopy-using species in the Northwest. Many northwest bats use several different types of free roosts. Common roosting sites are in cavities, crevices, and foliage. Factors that may be important in roost site selection include microclimate, roost structure, crown architecture, canopy tree age and species, bark characteristics, foliage density, and stand and landscape composition. Some representative Pacific Northwest cavity- and crevice/bark-roosting species include the little brown bar (Myotis lucifugus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), and long-legged bar (M. volans). Only two Pacific Northwest species are known to roost in folia e. Several species forage in forest gaps, along forest edges, or in riparian areas. Long-eared (M. evotis) and Keen's (M. keenii) bats may forage within the forest canopy, although foraging behavior of these species in the Pacific Northwest is not well documented. Stand- and landscape-scale complexity may be important in providing bats with the abundance and diversity of roost, foraging, and hibernation sites they require. RP US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC NW RES STN, 3625 93RD AVE SW, OLYMPIA, WA 98512 USA. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 1996 VL 70 SI SI BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VG982 UT WOS:A1996VG98200012 ER PT J AU Samuels, GJ Candoussau, F AF Samuels, GJ Candoussau, F TI Heterogeneity in the Calosphaeriales: A new calosphaeria with Ramichloridium- and Sporothrix-like synanamorphs SO NOVA HEDWIGIA LA English DT Article ID AMPHISPHAERIACEAE SENSU-LATO; ANAMORPH; DIATRYPACEAE AB Calosphaeria fagi, a new species, was isolated into pure culture from single ascospores. Synanamorphs referable, respectively, to Ramichloridium and Sporothrix formed. The ascogenous systems and paraphyses of C. fagi (Calosphaeriales: Calosphaeriaceae) and Graphostroma platystoma (Calosphaeriales: Graphostromataceae) were found to be similar to those of Diatrype stigma (Xylariales: Diatrypaceae). The synanamorphs of C. fagi were found to be developmentally similar to the anamorphs of the Diatrypaceae. Because of the similarities in habit, perithecial morphology, ascogenous system, allantoid ascospores, paraphyses, and anamorphs of C. fagi and D. stigma, C. fagi is considered to be diatrypaceous. Because of the diversity of anamorphs, the order Calosphaeriales is considered to be polyphyletic, but its ultimate disposition must await study of the type species. The significance of the form of the ascogenous system to higher level systematics is questioned. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W, SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB, RM 304, B-011A, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0029-5035 J9 NOVA HEDWIGIA JI Nova Hedwigia PY 1996 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 60 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UB689 UT WOS:A1996UB68900003 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Mosier, AR Follett, RH Follett, RF Westfall, DG Klemedtsson, LK Vermeulen, J AF Delgado, JA Mosier, AR Follett, RH Follett, RF Westfall, DG Klemedtsson, LK Vermeulen, J TI Effects of N management on N2O and CH4 fluxes and N-15 - Recovery in an irrigated mountain meadow SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE forage; irrigation; methane; nitrogen fertilizer; nitrous oxide; mountain meadow ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; METHANE OXIDATION; FOREST SOILS; LAND-USE; FERTILIZATION; TEMPERATE; GRASSLANDS AB Forage production in irrigated mountain meadows plays a vital role in the livestock industry in Colorado and Wyoming. Mountain meadows are areas of intensive fertilization and irrigation which may impact regional CH4 and N2O fluxes. Nitrogen fertilization typically increases yields, but N-use efficiency is generally low. Neither the amount of fertilizer-N recovered by the forage nor the effect on N2O and CH4 emissions were known. These trace gases are long-lived in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming potential and stratospheric ozone depletion. From 1991 through 1993 studies were conducted to determine the effect of N source, and timing of N-fertilization on forage yield, N-uptake, and trace gas fluxes at the CSU Beef Improvement Center near Saratoga, Wyoming. Plots were fertilized with 168 kg N ha(-1). Microplots labeled with N-15-fertilizer were established to trace the fate of the added N. Weekly fluxes of N2O and CH4 were measured during the snow-free periods of the year. Although CH4 was consumed when soils were drying, flood irrigation converted the meadow into a net source of CH4. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect CH4 flux but increased N2O emissions. About 5% of the applied N was lost as N2O from spring applied NH4NO3, far greater than the amount lost as N2O from urea or fall applied NH4NO3. Fertilizer N additions increased forage biomass to a maximum of 14.6 Mg ha(-1) with spring applied NH4NO3. Plant uptake of N-fertilizer was greater with spring applications (42%), than with fall applications (22%). RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES UNIT,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PY 1996 VL 46 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1007/BF00704312 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WH507 UT WOS:A1996WH50700005 ER PT J AU Dinarello, CA Roubenoff, R AF Dinarello, CA Roubenoff, R TI George Clowes' classic paper and the search for ''muscle proteolysis factor'' SO NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material DE cytokines; interleukin-1; tumor necrosis factor; prostaglandins ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; PROTEIN BREAKDOWN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; INTERLEUKIN-1; FEVER; PEPTIDE; RATS C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Dinarello, CA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT MED,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JAN PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 67 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0899-9007(95)00080-1 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TY939 UT WOS:A1996TY93900018 PM 8838846 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN AF Meydani, SN TI Effect of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids on cytokine production and their biologic function SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Cancer Cachexia, Cytokines, and EPA - Nutritional Applications CY DEC 02-04, 1995 CL CHARLESTON, SC DE (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); cytokines; immune response; cachexia ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; DIETARY FISH OIL; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-E; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; RAT-HEART; CORN-OIL AB Cytokines are important biologic mediators with tightly regulated production. Overproduction contributes to pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, atherosclerotic, and neoplastic diseases. Animal and human studies have shown that production of cytokines can be reduced by long-chain (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). This, in turn, results in reduction of the severity of certain autoimmune, inflammatory, and atherosclerotic diseases and reduces cytokine-induced anorexia. Because these cytokines are also involved in control of the host defense, substantial reduction in their production could impair normal immune response. In addition, increased intake of (n-3) PUFAs without adequate antioxidant protection could result in increased free radical formation and lipid peroxidation, leading to a reduction in T cell-mediated function, natural killer cell activity, and macrophage cytotoxicity. These risks associated with the intake of (n-3) PUFAs may be minimized without compromising its beneficial effects by the intake of appropriate levels of antioxidants such as vitamin E. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 79 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JAN PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 SU S BP S8 EP S14 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UE553 UT WOS:A1996UE55300004 PM 8850212 ER PT J AU Mermel, VL Walzem, RL Szepesi, B Hansen, RJ AF Mermel, VL Walzem, RL Szepesi, B Hansen, RJ TI Effects of orchidectomy and hormone replacement on rat hepatic hexose monophosphate pathway enzymes SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dietary effects; gender differences; G6PDH; 6PGDH; estrogen; testosterone ID 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASE; MALIC ENZYME; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE AB This study was designed to determine if the attenuated starvation-refeed (SRF) over shoot response of hepatic G6PDH and 6PGDH observed in adult female rats is due to the presence of high levels of estrogen or lower levels of testosterone in the female. Male rats were castrated as weanlings, then allowed to reach adulthood before initiation of the remainder of the study. Ten days prior to the dietary study, when the rats were 9 weeks old, they began to receive daily injections of one of the following preparations: carrier only, 17-beta-estradiol or testosterone propionate. Next, the rats were starved for 2 days and refed either a nonpurified diet or a purified 65% carbohydrate diet (sucrose, fructose, glucose or cornstarch) for 3 days. Castration suppressed the magnitude of the SRF overshoot response by 40% compared to that observed in intact males. Testosterone injections did not restore the SRF response. In fact, the enzyme activities of testosterone-injected, castrated rats were indistinguishable from those of castrated, carrier-injected controls. Estrogen injections doubled basal G6PDH and 6PGDH activities, but decreased the SRF overshoot response by 60% compared to castrated carrier injected rats. These results suggest that estrogen promotes higher basal enzyme activities and suppresses the magnitude of the SRF overshoot response in adult female rats. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT MOLEC BIOSCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,CARBOHYDRATE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20205. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0271-5317(95)02066-7 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TL779 UT WOS:A1996TL77900014 ER PT J AU Millward, DJ Roberts, SB AF Millward, DJ Roberts, SB TI Protein requirements of older individuals SO NUTRITION RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID FECAL NITROGEN LOSSES; ELDERLY MEN; YOUNG MEN; OBLIGATORY URINARY; DIETARY NITROGEN; BODY-COMPOSITION; ENERGY-INTAKE; EGG PROTEIN; BALANCE; WOMEN C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Millward, DJ (reprint author), UNIV SURREY,SCH BIOL SCI,CTR NUTR & FOOD SAFETY,GUILDFORD GU2 5XH,SURREY,ENGLAND. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0954-4224 J9 NUTR RES REV JI Nutr. Res. Rev. PY 1996 VL 9 BP 67 EP 87 DI 10.1079/NRR19960006 PG 21 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WX805 UT WOS:A1996WX80500003 PM 19094265 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, IH AF Rosenberg, IH TI Nutrition research: An investment in the nation's health SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Administration-on-Aging Symposium on Nutrition Research and the Elderly II - The Role of Nutrition in Long-Term Care CY MAR 09-10, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP US Adm Aging, Natl Eldercare Inst Nutr, Project Natl Assoc Nutr & Aging Ser, v Program, Nestle R&D, Clintec Nutr Co, Nestle US Inc RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1 SU S BP S5 EP S6 PN 2 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UC322 UT WOS:A1996UC32200003 PM 8919670 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Giacoppe, J Richardson, S Hoffman, PJ AF Roubenoff, R Giacoppe, J Richardson, S Hoffman, PJ TI Nutrition assessment in long-term care facilities SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Administration-on-Aging Symposium on Nutrition Research and the Elderly II - The Role of Nutrition in Long-Term Care CY MAR 09-10, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP US Adm Aging, Natl Eldercare Inst Nutr, Project Natl Assoc Nutr & Aging Ser, v Program, Nestle R&D, Clintec Nutr Co, Nestle US Inc C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. MEDIQ DIAGNOST SERV,WESTWOOD,MA 02090. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02155, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 02120] NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1 SU S BP S40 EP S42 PN 2 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA UC322 UT WOS:A1996UC32200011 PM 8919678 ER PT J AU Neff, WE ElAgaimy, M AF Neff, WE ElAgaimy, M TI Autoxidation of trioleoylglycerol SO OCL-OLEAGINEUX CORPS GRAS LIPIDES LA French DT Article DE trioleoylglycerol; autoxidation; mono, bis and trishydroperoxides; hydroperoxides ID POLYUNSATURATED TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; UNSATURATED TRIGLYCERIDES; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; OILS; FATS AB Trioleoylglycerol was oxidized in the dark at 60 degrees C under oxygen. The composition of trioleoylglycerol oxidation products was analyzed by reversed phase HPLC, and the products were characterized intact by chemical ionization mass spectrometry, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and by capillary gas chromatography after conversion to methyl esters. Trioleoylglycerol autoxidation proceeded with mono-hydroperoxide as the only oxidation product formed initially, the bis-hydroperoxide was detected by 84 days, and the tris-hydroperoxide detected by 91 days. After 105 days, a peroxide value of 55 Meg/kg was obtained. The oxidation mixture at this point consisted of mono-hydroperoxide (47%), bis-hydroperoxide (50%) and tris-hydroperoxide (3%). The trioleoylglycerol autoxidation is thus sequential with the mono-hydroperoxide formed first, followed by the bis- and tris-hydroperoxides, respectively. RP Neff, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 1258-8210 J9 OCL-OL CORPS GRAS LI JI OCL-Ol. Corps Gras Lipides PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 3 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA UD103 UT WOS:A1996UD10300026 ER PT J AU Marshall, JD Monserud, RA AF Marshall, JD Monserud, RA TI Homeostatic gas-exchange parameters inferred from C-13/C-12 in tree rings of conifers SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinus ponderosa; Pinus monticola; carbon isotope discrimination; water-use efficiency ID CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION; DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; ELEVATED CO2; DOUGLAS-FIR; GROWTH; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The CO2 concentration of the atmosphere has increased by almost 30% in the past two centuries, with most of the increase (> 5 Pa) during the past 60 years. Controlled environment studies of crop plants dependent on the C-3 photosynthetic pathway indicate that an increase of this magnitude would enhance net photosynthesis, reduce stomatal conductance, and increase the difference in CO2 concentration across the stomata, i.e., CO2 concentration outside the leaf to that within (c(a)-c(i)). Here we report evidence, based on stable isotope composition of tree rings from three species of field-grown, native conifer trees; that the trees have indeed responded. However, rather than increasing c(a)-c(i), intercellular CO2 concentrations have shifted upward to match the rise in atmospheric concentrations, holding c(a)-c(i) constant. No differences were detected among Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), or western white pine (Pinus monticola). The values of c(a)-c(i) were inferred from stable carbon isotope ratio (delta(13)C) of tree ring holocellulose adjusted for the 0.6-2.6 parts per thousand difference between holocellulose and whole sapwood. The cellulose extraction removed contaminants deposited in the tree ring after it formed and the adjustment corrected for the enrichment of cellulose relative to whole tissue. The whole sapwood values were then adjusted for published estimates of past atmospheric delta(13)CO(2) and CO2 concentrations. To avoid confounding tree age with CO2, cellulose deposited by saplings in the inner rings of trees when the mature trees were saplings, between 1910-1929 and 1941-1970: thus saplings were compared to saplings. In a separate analysis, the juvenile effect, which describes the tendency for delta(13)C to increase in the first decades of a tree's life, was quantified independent of source CO2 effects. This study provides evidence that conifers have undergone adjustments in the intercellular CO2 concentration that have maintained c(a)-c(i) constant. Based on these results and others, we suggest that c(a)-c(i) which has also been referred to as the intrinsic water-use efficiency, should be considered a homeostatic gas-exchange set point for these conifer species. C1 US FOREST SERV, INTERMT RES STN, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. RP Marshall, JD (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO, DEPT FOREST RESOURCES, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. NR 57 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 1996 VL 105 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1007/BF00328786 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TR654 UT WOS:A1996TR65400002 PM 28307117 ER PT J AU Coll, M AF Coll, M TI Feeding and ovipositing on plants by an omnivorous insect predator SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE omnivory; Orius insidiosus; plant-feeding predators; plant suitability; trophic interactions ID ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS HEMIPTERA; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; PREFERENCE; EVOLUTION; ANTHOCORIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; PERFORMANCE; ECOLOGY AB Omnivory (i.e., feeding at more than one trophic level) is common in many ecological communities. To date, most studies of omnivory have focused on systems that include omnivores that feed on several prey items, primarily in aquatic systems. Yet, many terrestrial insect predators feed not only on prey but also on plants. The difference between systems with plant-feeding omnivores and those with exclusively prey-feeding omnivores calls for special attention. The first step towards understanding the interactions between plant-feeding omnivores and their prey is to determine how omnivores respond to variations in plant properties. In this study, I investigated two major aspects of the interactions between the plant-feeding predatory bug Orius insidiosus and four host plants of its prey; the behavioral aspect, in which plants are selected for oviposition and the physiological aspect, in which plants differ in their suitability for the insect's growth, survival, and reproduction. No prey was offered to the omnivore during any of the experiments, but older nymphs and adults were fed prey eggs prior to their use in the experiments. Data show that O. insidiosus females almost completely rejected corn leaves for oviposition; nymph and adult survival was highest on bean; and female fecundity was higher on bean than tomato, pepper or corn foliage. The significance of the apparent ability of O.insidiosus to discriminate among plants and the observed correlation between oviposition preference and offspring performance in bean and in corn is discussed. C1 ARS,USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 31 TC 68 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 1996 VL 105 IS 2 BP 214 EP 220 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TV593 UT WOS:A1996TV59300011 PM 28307085 ER PT B AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM BE Davignon, J Fruchart, JC Ordovas, JM TI Comments to the second session of the International Symposium on omega-3, lipoproteins and atherosclerosis SO OMEGA-3 LIPOPROTEINS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Omega-3 Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis CY OCT 13-15, 1995 CL GRANADA, SPAIN SP Pierre Fabre Labs RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BN 2-7420-0128-X PY 1996 BP 83 EP 86 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BH12V UT WOS:A1996BH12V00009 ER PT B AU Schatzki, TF Haff, RP Young, R Can, I Le, LC Toyofuku, N AF Schatzki, TF Haff, RP Young, R Can, I Le, LC Toyofuku, N BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI Defect detection in apples by means of x-ray imaging SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing II CY NOV 19-20, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE apples; internal defects; human recognition; x-ray; sorting AB The possibility of using x-ray radiographic imaging for detecting internal defects in apples has been investigated. 400-700 each of five Washington State cultivars [Red and Golden Delicious (RD, GD), Fuji (FJ), Granny Smith (GS) and Braeburn (BR)], both defect free and with assorted internal defects (bruises, senescence browning, rot, insect damage and watercore), were imaged by using film and on-line line-scanning x-ray equipment. Both axial (stem-to-calyx) and radial images were obtained. The resulting images were presented to human operators, both as still shots and by scrolling them across the screen of a PC at rates approximating that of a commercial packing line. Good recognition [>50% recognized, <10% false positives] could generally be obtained on selected cultivars when still shots were inspected. Apple orientation was required for recognition of watercore and rot. However, recognition rapidly fell off as scrolling speeds across the screens approached commercial rates. It is concluded that such inspection may be possible using machine recognition, but probably can not be achieved using human operators. RP Schatzki, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2309-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2907 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1117/12.262857 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BH01J UT WOS:A1996BH01J00017 ER PT B AU Keagy, PM Schatzki, TF Le, L Casasent, D Weber, D AF Keagy, PM Schatzki, TF Le, L Casasent, D Weber, D BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI Expanded image database of pistachio x-ray images and classification by conventional methods SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing II CY NOV 19-20, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE recognition; discriminant function; x-ray image; pistachio; insect damage; tree nuts AB In order to develop sorting methods for insect damaged pistachio nuts, a large data set of pistachio x-ray images (6759 nuts) was created. Both film and linescan sensor images were acquired, nuts dissected and internal conditions coded using the U.S. Grade standards and definitions for pistachios. A subset of 1199 good and 686 insect damaged nuts was used to calculate and test discriminant functions. Statistical parameters of image histograms were evaluated for inclusion by forward stepwise discrimination. Using three variables in the discriminant function, 89% of test set nuts were correctly identified. Comparable data for 6 human subjects ranged from 67 to 92%. If the loss of good nuts is held to 1% by requiring a high probability to discard a nut as insect damaged, approximately half of the insect damage present in clean pistachio nuts may be detected and removed by x-ray inspection. RP Keagy, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2309-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2907 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1117/12.262859 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BH01J UT WOS:A1996BH01J00019 ER PT B AU Zayas, IY Chung, OK AF Zayas, IY Chung, OK BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI Application of machine vision to pup loaf bread evaluation SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Processing II CY NOV 19-20, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Intrinsic end-use quality of hard winter wheat breeding lines is routinely evaluated at the USDA, ARS, USGMRL, Hard Winter Wheat Quality Laboratory. Experimental baking test of pup leaves is the ultimate test for evaluating hard wheat quality. Computer vision was applied to developing an objective methodology for bread quality evaluation for the 1994 and 1995 crop wheat breeding line samples. Computer extracted features for bread crumb grain were studied, using subimages (32x32 pixel) and features computed for the slices with different threshold settings. A subsampling grid was located with respect to the axis of symmetry of a slice to provide identical topological subimage information. Different ranking techniques were applied to the databases. Statistical analysis was run on the database with digital image and breadmaking features. Several ranking algorithms and data visualization techniques were employed to create a sensitive scale for porosity patterns of bread crumb. There were significant linear correlations between machine vision extracted features and breadmaking parameters. Crumb grain scores by human experts were correlated more highly with some image features than with breadmaking parameters. RP Zayas, IY (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT RES & PROD CTR,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2309-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2907 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1117/12.262863 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Optics SC Agriculture; Forestry; Optics GA BH01J UT WOS:A1996BH01J00023 ER PT S AU DawsonHughes, B AF DawsonHughes, B BE Papapoulos, SE Lips, P Pols, HAP Johnston, CC Delmas, PD TI Calcium, vitamin D and vitamin D metabolites SO OSTEOPOROSIS 1996 SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 World Congress on Osteoporosis CY MAY 18-23, 1996 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP European Fdn Osteoporosis & Bone Dis, Natl Osteoporosis Fdn, US DE alfacalcidol; bone mineral density; calcitriol; calcium; fractures; vitamin D RP DawsonHughes, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82276-3 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1996 VL 1118 BP 299 EP 303 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BG95R UT WOS:A1996BG95R00048 ER PT J AU DawsonHughes, B AF DawsonHughes, B TI Calcium insufficiency and fracture risk SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Merck International Symposium on Osteoporosis - Prevention of Hip Fracture: A Goal for the Year 2000 CY DEC 01, 1995 CL PARIS, FRANCE ID POSTMENOPAUSAL BONE LOSS; D-RECEPTOR ALLELES; CONTROLLED TRIAL; MINERAL DENSITY; HIP FRACTURE; SUPPLEMENTATION; WOMEN; GIRLS RP DawsonHughes, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING, SURREY, ENGLAND GU7 3DJ SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PY 1996 VL 6 SU 3 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1007/BF01623763 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA VR900 UT WOS:A1996VR90000008 PM 8931045 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA OBrien, KO Wen, JP Liang, LK Stuff, JE AF Abrams, SA OBrien, KO Wen, JP Liang, LK Stuff, JE TI Absorption by 1-year-old children of an iron supplement given with cow's milk or juice SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SERUM FERRITIN; INFANTS; CALCIUM; DEFICIENCY; CHILDHOOD; ISOTOPES; STORES AB A paucity of data are available on toddlers for the evaluation of optimal strategies of Fe supplementation. In this study, we used a two-tracer stable isotope technique to determine Fe absorption from a 5-mg dose of stable isotopically enriched (Fe-57 or Fe-58) ferrous sulfate given with cow's milk (CM) compared with the same dose given with apple juice, Ten children (age 13 +/- 1 mo, weight 10.8 +/- 1.1 kg) who had recently discontinued formula feeding and begun on CM were studied. Red blood cell (RBC) iron incorporation of the isotope was determined 14 d after dosing with Fe-57 and Fe-58. Fe absorption was calculated based on the assumption that 90% of absorbed Fe is incorporated into RBC. Absorption of Fe was significantly greater (13.7 +/- 6.4%) when given with juice than with milk (5.7 +/- 4.0%), p < 0.01 by paired t tests. Fe absorption from the dose given with juice was significantly negatively correlated with serum ferritin (n = 9, r = -0.70, p < 0.05). These results indicate that I) a small supplement of Fe is better absorbed when given with juice than with CM, and 2) a large variability in Fe absorption exists in healthy 1-y-old infants, which is related to their existing Fe stores. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1203/00006450-199601000-00027 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA TM658 UT WOS:A1996TM65800027 PM 8825405 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Olender, EH Roberts, VA Holman, GM Yamamoto, D AF Nachman, RJ Olender, EH Roberts, VA Holman, GM Yamamoto, D TI A nonpeptidal peptidomimetic agonist of the insect FLRFamide myosuppressin family SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE peptidomimetic; FMRFamide; cockroach; locust; myoinhibition; molecular dynamics; neuromuscular junction; ligand; binding; NDGA; arachidonic acid; lipoxygenase ID NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTION; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; VISCERAL MUSCLE; NEUROPEPTIDE; ANTAGONIST; LEUCOMYOSUPPRESSIN; CHOLECYSTOKININ; PEPTIDES; RECEPTOR AB Benzethonium chloride (Bztc) is the first totally nonpeptide ligand for an insect, indeed an invertebrate, peptide receptor. Bztc mimics the inhibitory physiological activity of the myosuppressins, a subfamily of the FLRFamides, in three different insect bioassay systems. The inhibitory action of leucomyosuppressin and the nonpeptide Bztc in both the cockroach hindgut and the mealworm neuromuscular junction can be blocked by the lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, providing evidence for similar modes of action. Lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid may mediate inhibition of neuromuscular transmission by these two factors. In addition, Bztc competitively displaces a radiolabeled myosuppressin analogue from high- and low-affinity receptors of the locust oviduct. Thus, the nonpeptide interacts with both binding and activating regions of myosuppressin receptors. Molecular dynamics experiments in which selected functional groups of Bztc were fit onto corresponding functional groups of low-energy myosuppressin pentapeptide structures indicate how Bztc may mimic the myosuppressins at a molecular level. The discovery of Bztc as a nonpeptidal peptidomimetic analogue provides an opportunity to develop new pest management strategies by targeting an insect's own peptide receptor. C1 SCRIPPS RES INST, DEPT MOLEC BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. MITSUBISHI KASEI INST LIFE SCI, NEUROPHYSIOL LAB, TOKYO 11, JAPAN. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT, 2881 F&B RD, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PY 1996 VL 17 IS 2 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1016/0196-9781(95)02097-7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UC308 UT WOS:A1996UC30800021 PM 8801539 ER PT J AU Masler, EP Wagner, RM Kovaleva, ES AF Masler, EP Wagner, RM Kovaleva, ES TI In vitro metabolism of an insect neuropeptide by neural membrane preparations from Lymantria dispar SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE amastatin; aminopeptidase; bestatin; endopeptidase; enzyme assays; gypsy moth; phosphoramidon; thiorphan ID LOCUST SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; ENDOPEPTIDASE; DEGRADATION; PEPTIDASES; PROCTOLIN AB Neural membrane fractions, prepared from brain-subesophageal ganglion complexes of the adult lepidopteran Lymantria dispar, contain at least two peptidases capable of metabolizing locust adipokinetic hormone-I in vitro. The initial fragments, pGlu(1)-Leu(2)-Asn(3) and Phe(4)-Thr(5)-Pro(6)-Asn(7)-Trp(8)-Gly(9)-Thr(10) result from the action of an endopeptidase with properties similar to those reported for neutral metalloendopeptidase in Schistocerca gregaria and mammalian endopeptidase 24.11. The heptapeptide is further degraded by an aminopeptidase that exhibits kinetic properties similar to those described for aminopeptidase 3.4.11.2. These enzymes appear to be responsible for the first two steps in AKH catabolism in L. dispar. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ZOOL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP Masler, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, INST PLANT SCI, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BLDG 306, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PY 1996 VL 17 IS 2 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1016/0196-9781(95)02098-5 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UC308 UT WOS:A1996UC30800022 PM 8801540 ER PT J AU Teal, PEA Abernathy, RL Nachman, RJ Fang, NB Meredith, JA Tumlinson, JH AF Teal, PEA Abernathy, RL Nachman, RJ Fang, NB Meredith, JA Tumlinson, JH TI Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptides: Functions and chemistry SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE sex pheromone; insect neuropeptide; PBAN; Lepidoptera ID C-14 ACETATE INCORPORATION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; CORN-EARWORM MOTH; SEX-PHEROMONE; BOMBYX-MORI; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; HORMONAL-STIMULATION AB Sex pheromones are critical for reproductive success in most species of Lepidoptera and their production is regulated by the action of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptides (PBAN). These peptides, composed of 33-34 amino acids, have approximately 80% sequence homology and share the C-terminal sequence FSPRL-NH2, which has been shown to be the minimum sequence required for pheromonotropic activity. This pentamer is structurally similar to the active core (FXPRL-NH2, X = V, T, or G) of the insect myotropic pyrokinins. Structure-activity studies have shown that all of the pyrokinins have various degrees of pheromonotropic activity and that some have a superagonistic effect. Peptides that only have sequence homology with PBAN in the C-terminal pentapeptide region, but that are pheromonotropic, also have been identified from moths. These findings suggest that induction of pheromone biosynthesis may be regulated by more than one peptide, that PBAN may have a number of physiological functions, and that these peptides regulate induction of pheromone production in a variety of ways. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS, INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB, POB 14565, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 69 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PY 1996 VL 17 IS 2 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1016/0196-9781(95)02094-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UC308 UT WOS:A1996UC30800024 PM 8801542 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Teal, PEA Radel, PA Holman, GM Abernathy, RL AF Nachman, RJ Teal, PEA Radel, PA Holman, GM Abernathy, RL TI Potent pheromonotropic/myotropic activity of a carboranyl pseudotetrapeptide analogue of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN neuropeptide family administered via injection or topical application SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE tobacco budworm; cockroach; peptidomimetic; irreversible binding; hindgut ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; SEX-PHEROMONE GLAND; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; PEPTIDE FAMILY; BOMBYX-MORI; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; NEURAL REGULATION; IDENTIFICATION AB A pseudotetrapeptide analogue of the pyrokinin/PBAN or FXPRLamide family (Cbe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2; Cbe = 2-o-carboranylethanoyl-), in which the phenyl ring of the Phe side chain is replaced with the hydrophobic cage-like o-carborane moiety, was synthesized and found to be 10-fold more potent than cockroach leucopyrokinin on an isolated cockroach hindgut bioassay system. In contrast with the naturally occurring peptide, the myostimulatory activity could not be immediately reversed following a saline rinse, providing evidence that the pseudopeptide analogue binds very strongly to the receptor. Once the analogue reaches the receptor, strong receptor binding characteristics may allow it to avoid inactivation by hemolymph peptidases. Although it has an eightfold smaller sequence than the endogenous 33-membered pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), the carboranyl analogue is 10-fold more potent in an in vivo pheromonotropic bioassay of the female tobacco budworm moth Heliothis virescens, demonstrating that the small, C-terminal pentapeptide pyrokinin core analogue contains all the structural information necessary to fully activate pyrokinin receptors. In contrast with PBAN, the amphiphylic carboranyl analogue elicits pheromone production following topical application in aqueous solution to the lateral abdominal surface of H. virescens. providing a noninvasive means of inducing pheromone production in moths. The analogue can potentially serve as a useful tool to insect researchers studying, and/or attempting to disrupt, physiological processes regulated by pyrokinin-like neuropeptides in insects. A possible role for this and related pyrokinin analogues in future pest insect management strategies is briefly discussed. C1 ARS, INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB, USDA, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DEPT PHARMACEUT CHEM, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), ARS, VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT, FAPRL, 2881 F&B RD, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PY 1996 VL 17 IS 5 BP 747 EP 752 DI 10.1016/0196-9781(96)00111-8 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VA137 UT WOS:A1996VA13700002 PM 8844762 ER PT J AU WagerPage, SA Mason, JR AF WagerPage, SA Mason, JR TI Ortho-aminoacetophenone, a non-lethal repellent: The effect of volatile cues vs Direct contact on avoidance behavior by rodents and birds SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemosensory; irritant; repellent; taxonomic differences; avian; rodent ID CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; CAPSAICIN; ANTHRANILATE; HOUSE; MICE AB Taxonomic differences in responsiveness to chemosensory irritants are prevalent among avian and mammalian species and represent a major obstacle to the development of general vertebrate repellents. We evaluated the effect of ortho-aminoacetophenone (OAP), a potent avian repellent, on ingestive behavior of two rodent species, Prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus Wagn.), and an avian species, European starling (Sturnus vulgarus L.) utilizing similar experimental conditions to facilitate interspecies comparisons. All three species avoided OAP-treated food. Apple consumption by voles was decreased from a baseline of theoretical zero% by OAP (0.01-10.0 ml liter(-1)), P < 0.000 01, while mice avoided all but the lowest concentration of OAP (0.01-10 ml liter(-1)), P < 0.000 01. A repellent should elicit avoidance behavior prior to the animal having physical contact with the commodity, ideally producing aversion via volatile cues rather than through direct contact. Therefore, we utilized two delivery methods for presentation of the test solutions to evaluate the repellency of OAP in the presence and absence of direct contact. Apple consumption by birds following exposure to OAP by either direct contact or volatile cues differed from a baseline of theoretical zero% consumption, P < 0.001. When birds had access to OAP through both direct and volatile exposures, reduction in apple consumption by European starlings was greater than observed following contact with the compounds volatile cues alone, P < 0.03. These findings argue against a major role for olfaction or naso-trigeminal chemoreception in avoidance of OAP-treated food. Instead, taste or oral trigeminal chemoreception appear to mediate responding. RP WagerPage, SA (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199601)46:1<55::AID-PS313>3.0.CO;2-# PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA TT597 UT WOS:A1996TT59700007 ER PT S AU Joseph, JA VillalobosMolina, R Denisova, N Erat, S Jimenez, N Strain, J AF Joseph, JA VillalobosMolina, R Denisova, N Erat, S Jimenez, N Strain, J BE Kitani, K Aoba, A Goto, S TI Increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and the loss of muscarinic receptor responsiveness in senescence SO PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION IN AGING AND AGE-ASSOCIATED DISORDERS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BIOMEDICAL GERONTOLOGY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Congress for the International-Association-of-Biomedical-Gerontology CY AUG 20-23, 1995 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Assoc Biomed Gerontol ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; FREE-RADICALS; RAT-BRAIN; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; AGED RAT C1 IPN,CINVESTAV,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,MEXICO CITY 14000,DF,MEXICO. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA ARS,ROOM 919,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-030-1 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 786 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb39056.x PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF92J UT WOS:A1996BF92J00010 PM 8687012 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME Ogren, WL AF Salvucci, ME Ogren, WL TI The mechanism of Rubisco activase: Insights from studies of the properties and structure of the enzyme SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE chaperone chloroplast; enzyme regulation; photosynthesis; protein-protein interaction; ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LIGHT ACTIVATION; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; WHEAT SEEDLINGS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BINDING DOMAIN AB Rubisco, the primary carboxylating enzyme in photosynthesis, must be activated to catalyze CO2 fixation. The concept of an 'activase', a specific protein for activating Rubisco, was first introduced in 1985 based largely on biochemical and genetic studies of a high CO2-requiring mutant of Arabidopsis (Salvucci et al. (1985) Photosynth Res 7: 193-201). Over the past ten years, details about the occurrence, structure, and properties of Rubisco activase have been elucidated. However, the mechanism of action of Rubisco activase remains elusive. This review discusses the need for and function of Rubisco activase and summarizes information about the properties and structure of Rubisco activase. The information is evaluated in the context of the mechanism of Rubisco activase. C1 PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 82 TC 98 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/BF00017748 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UE168 UT WOS:A1996UE16800001 PM 24301702 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AT Revear, LG Hicks, KB AF Hotchkiss, AT Revear, LG Hicks, KB TI Substrate depolymerization pattern of Pseudomonas viridiflava SF-312 pectate lyase SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI EC16; OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS; POLYGALACTURONIC ACID; CELL-WALL; CAROTOVORA; ISOENZYMES; ENZYMES AB Previously, other groups have reported that the limit product of polygalacturonic acid (PGA) depolymerization by Erwinia chrysanthemi pectate lyase E (PLe) was predominantly an unsaturated oligogalacturonic acid with a degree of polymerization (DP) of two, while pectate lyase B and pectate lyase C produced a predominantly DP3 unsaturated oligogalacturonic acid. We have used high performance anion-exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection to analyze oligogalacturonic acids released by Pseudomonas viridiflava SF-312 FL, which. like Erwinia chrysanthemi PLe, can independently macerate host tissue. Our results demonstrated that DP 2 unsaturated oligogalacturonic acid was the major oligosaccharide released by Pseudomonas viridiflava SF-312 FL. In contrast to Erwinia chrysanthemi PLe, rye observed that DP 3 unsaturated oligogalacturonic acid was present in Pseudomonas viridiflava a PL reaction products during the first 200 min of PGA depolymerization. The limit product consisted of four times more DP 2 than DP 3 unsaturated oligogalacturonic acid. We also observed that small amounts of a series of oligopalacturonic acids lacking the 4,5-unsaturated nonreducing end function were released by Pseudomonas viridiflava PL during the PGA depolymerization process. These results indicate that Pseudomonas viridiflava PL utilizes a random endolytic PGA depolymerization mechanism, rather than the nonrandom endolytic mechanism utilized by Erwinia chrysanthemi PLe. RP USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 48 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TT619 UT WOS:A1996TT61900001 ER PT J AU Styer, EH Whitaker, BD Kitto, SL Hoover, DG AF Styer, EH Whitaker, BD Kitto, SL Hoover, DG TI Lipid composition of microsomes from heat-stressed cell suspension cultures SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Daucus carota; umbelliferae; cell suspension culture; heat stress; phospholipid; fatty-acid unsaturation ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; INDOLE ALKALOID ACCUMULATION; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; MEMBRANE LIPIDS; TEMPERATURES; GROWTH; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Heat-stressed (30 degrees) cell suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus carota L.) attained a lower maximum cell density and showed browning earlier when compared with control cultures (22 degrees) over a 16 day growth period. Phospholipid class profiles did not differ between cells grown at 30 degrees and 22 degrees. The fatty acids of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from microsomes of heat-stressed cells were less unsaturated than those of PC and PE from microsomes of control cells. In particular, there was a marked increase in the proportion of oleate [18:1(9)] at the expense of linoleate [18:2(9, 12)] at the higher growth temperature. This difference could result from inhibition or loss of the microsomal lipid-linked desaturase which inserts the double bond between carbons 12 and 13 of oleate esterified to the glycerol moiety of PC and PE. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT FOOD SCI,NEWARK,DE 19716. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,NEWARK,DE 19716. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JAN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00615-X PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA TL569 UT WOS:A1996TL56900031 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A AF Bytnerowicz, A TI Physiological aspects of air pollution stress in forests SO PHYTON-ANNALES REI BOTANICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of TEMPUS JEP Programme on Bioindication of Forest Site Pollution - Development of Methodology and Training CY AUG, 1995 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Slovenian Ministery of Sci & Technol, Slovenian Ministery of Agr Forest Food DE ozone; sulfur dioxide; nitrogen compounds; toxicity; trees; biotic and abiotic stress ID ATMOSPHERIC OZONE; B RADIATION; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; SULFUR; PINE AB Air pollutants, such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen compounds and others, affect health of forests in Europe and North America. Gaseous air pollutants enter plants mainly through stomata, although transcuticular transport can also be important for some pollutants. Toxic effects of pollutants depend on their effective dose that is proportional to pollutant ambient concentration and plant stomatal conductance. Mechanisms of air pollution toxicity are very complex and depend on various physiological and biochemical properties of plants. These mechanisms (including formation of free radicals) are still poorly understood. In addition, physiological responses of forest plants to air pollution stress can be modified by various biotic (e.g., insects, pathogens, mycorrhizae associations, genetic variation) and abiotic (e.g., increasing CO2 concentrations, ultraviolet-B radiation, nitrogen deposition, nutrient deficiencies, drought) factors. An example of air pollution effects on forest trees may be responses of ponderosa pine seedlings to elevated concentrations of ozone in the Sierra Nevada. Various physiological changes caused by ozone (e.g., lowered net photosynthesis, altered carbon allocation, deterioration of photosynthetic pigments, etc.) have led to the reduced growth and biomass of the seedlings. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU FERDINAND BERGER SOEHNE PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, A-3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0079-2047 J9 PHYTON-ANN REI BOT A JI Phyton-Ann. REI Bot. PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WF748 UT WOS:A1996WF74800003 ER PT J AU Obenland, DM Aung, LH AF Obenland, DM Aung, LH TI Cystine lyase activity and anaerobically-induced sulfur gas emission from broccoli florets SO PHYTON-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE anaerobiosis; Brassica oleracea; broccoli; cystine lyase; dimethyl disulfide; methanethiol ID S-METHYLCYSTEINE SULFOXIDE; CYSTEINE SULFOXIDE; CABBAGE; FORAGE AB Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and methanethiol (MT) are sulfur volatiles emitted by anaerobic broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group) florets. Experiments were conducted to determine if the production of DMDS and MT occurs due to the action of cystine lyase (EC 4.4.1.8), an enzyme believed to initiate the formation of these same gases in disrupted broccoli tissues. The formation of DMDS and MT in intact florets could be enhanced by 2.8 times by the infiltration prior to anaerobiosis of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, a substrate for cystine lyase, or nearly eliminated by infiltration of an inhibitor of cystine lyase. Both sulfur volatile production and cystine lyase activity exhibited a large loss of activity following a 10-min heat treatment at 60 degrees C, but production and activity were not always similarly affected by treatments at lower temperatures, possibly indicating the involvement of a number of factors in the control of sulfur volatile production. Peduncle tissues were found to produce only 1.5% as much MT and 0.3% as much DMDS on a fresh weight basis as the floret tissues. Cystine lyase activity measured in the peduncle tissue was correspondingly low, the peduncle possessing 12.8% of the activity of the florets. The results support the view that cystine lyase is involved in the biosynthesis of anaerobically-induced DMDS and MT. RP Obenland, DM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU FUNDACION ROMULO RAGGIO PI VICENTE LOPEZ (BA) PA GASPAR CAMPOS 861, 1638 VICENTE LOPEZ (BA), ARGENTINA SN 0031-9457 J9 PHYTON-INT J EXP BOT JI Phyton-Int. J. Exp. Bot. PY 1996 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 156 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UY583 UT WOS:A1996UY58300020 ER PT J AU Stockwell, VO Kawalek, MD Moore, LW Loper, JE AF Stockwell, VO Kawalek, MD Moore, LW Loper, JE TI Transfer of pAgK84 from the biocontrol agent Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 to A-tumefaciens under field conditions SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TI-PLASMID PTIC58; CROWN GALL; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AGROCIN-84 PRODUCTION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; STRAINS K84; MUTANT; K1026; CONSTRUCTION; MUTAGENESIS AB Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 effects biological control of crown gall disease caused by A. tumefaciens in part by the plasmid-conferred production of agrocin 84, an antibiotic with specific activity against certain strains of the pathogen. A transmissible plasmid (pAgK84) resident in the biocontrol bacterium contains genes for agrocin 84 biosynthesis and immunity. The frequency of pAgK84 transfer from K84 to A. tumefaciens strain B49c, a naturally occurring strain that is insensitive to agrocin 84, in gall tissue of cherry seedlings was evaluated under field conditions. Putative transconjugants were detected by colony hybridization in 4 of 13 galls evaluated. The identity of transconjugants recovered from one of those galls was confirmed by serology, agrocin production, pathogenicity, and Southern blot analysis using agrocin 84 biosynthesis, T-DNA, and nopaline synthase gene probes. In the four galls in which transconjugants were detected, the estimated frequency of plasmid transfer from K84 to B49c was approximately 10(-4) transconjugants per recipient. A transconjugant strain and B49c did not differ in their capacities to colonize the rhizosphere of cherry or to cause crown gall under field conditions. The transconjugant retained pAgK84 for up to 7 months in the rhizosphere of field-grown plants. These results confirm that Agrobacterium attains harboring both a tumor-inducing plasmid and pAgK84 can develop from plasmid transfer in the field and that such newly derived strains can persist under field conditions. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Stockwell, VO (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1996 VL 86 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1094/Phyto-86-31 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP770 UT WOS:A1996TP77000002 ER PT J AU Gottwald, TR Cambra, M Moreno, P Camarasa, E Piquer, J AF Gottwald, TR Cambra, M Moreno, P Camarasa, E Piquer, J TI Spatial and temporal analyses of citrus tristeza virus in eastern Spain SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anisotropy; Aphis gossypii; beta-binomial distribution; geostatistics ID DISEASE; EPIDEMICS; PATHOGENS; PATTERN; PLANTS; SPREAD AB Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was monitored for up to 14 years by monoclonal antibody probes via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in five orange and grapefruit orchards with symptomless trees in Valencia and Alicante provinces, Spain. Linear, exponential, logistic, or Gompertz nonlinear temporal models were selected as the most appropriate, depending on the phase of the epidemic during the assessment period and based on correlation of observed versus predicted values and examination of the patterns of residual error. Ordinary runs analysis for within- or across-row association of CTV-positive trees indicated that the disease status of immediately adjacent trees was unpredictable. The beta-binomial index of dispersion for different quadrat sizes indicated a tendency for aggregations of infected trees at quadrat sizes of 2 x 2 or 4 x 4 CTV-positive trees in some plots, which when viewed with ordinary runs suggested the possible presence of longer distance spatial relationships. Two-dimensional distance class (2DCLASS) analysis indicated a random spatial pattern of CTV incidence and general lack of association of infection among adjacent trees. Spatio-temporal distance class (STCLASS) analysis further indicated a lack of spatial dependency among adjacent CTV-positive trees over time. Significant edge effects detected by both 2DCLASS and STCLASS analyses suggested possible spread of CTV from inoculum originating outside the area of the individual plots. Semi-variograms from spatio-temporal geostatistical analyses of four directions of orientation confirmed a lack of spatial dependency of infection among adjacent or nearby trees over time. These combined spatial and temporal analyses gave some insight into possible underlying processes of CTV spread and suggested CTV spread must be predominantly to trees farther away rather than to immediately adjacent trees. If a nonrandom spatial structure of CTV incidence does exist, it may well be of a complexity beyond the detection ability of the spatial analysis methods employed or perhaps on a scale that is larger than the dimensions of the plots studied. C1 INST VALENCIANO INVEST AGR,E-46113 MONCADA,SPAIN. RP Gottwald, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. RI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/O-6367-2014 OI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/0000-0003-2170-9521 NR 58 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1996 VL 86 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1094/Phyto-86-45 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP770 UT WOS:A1996TP77000004 ER PT J AU Hartung, JS Pruvost, OP Villemot, I Alvarez, A AF Hartung, JS Pruvost, OP Villemot, I Alvarez, A TI Rapid and sensitive colorimetric detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri by immunocapture and a nested-polymerase chain reaction assay SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus canker; Xanthomonas campestris pv citri ID IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; COPPER RESISTANCE; DNA; PLASMID; DIAGNOSIS; STRAINS; FLORIDA; FOODS; FINGERPRINTS AB We have developed a sensitive and specific assay for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker. The assay is based on sequential nested amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of a region of plasmid DNA that is very highly conserved in X. axonopodis pv. citri. Specific amplification products were observed in reactions containing three or fewer target molecules, an improvement of 50- to 100-fold over single-stage PCR, and similar results were observed when beginning with purified DNA or living bacterial cells. Colorimetric detection of amplification products was performed with the DIANA (detection of immobilized amplified nucleic acids) method, which uses labeled primers to allow amplification product capture and detection in a microtiter plate. Predicted amplification products were produced from all strains of X. axonopodis pv. cirri and from four of six strains of X. axonopodis pv. aurantifolii but not from other xanthomonads, including citrus epiphytes, except for X. axonopodis pv. vignicola and one strain isolated from Feronia elephantiacum, consistent with previous hybridization results. No amplification products were observed from strains of X. axonopodis pv. citrumelo that incite citrus bacterial spot disease in Florida citrus nurseries. Amplification was completely inhibited by copper hydroxide when present in the reaction mix at 13.6 mu g/ml. Concentrated leaf extracts from tangelo and mandarin orange, but not similar extracts from other citrus varieties, also inhibited amplification. Immunomagnetic separation of target bacteria prior to amplification was used to concentrate and recover X. axonopodis pv. citri from samples containing compounds that inhibit amplification (i.e., copper and concentrated citrus extracts). Immunocapture, by concentrating target bacteria from dilute plant extracts, improved the sensitivity of the assay by 100-fold over nested-PCR alone. The combination of sensitivity, specificity, and speed of the assay could make this a widely used assay both in plant quarantine and in areas where X. axonopodis pv. citri is endemic and clean planting stock programs are to be initiated. C1 CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRON DEV,DEPT PROD FRUITIERES & HORT,97455 ST PIERRE,REUNION. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROOM 238,BLDG 010-A BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1996 VL 86 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1094/Phyto-86-95 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP770 UT WOS:A1996TP77000010 ER PT J AU Smith, OP Peterson, GL Beck, RJ Schaad, NW Bonde, MR AF Smith, OP Peterson, GL Beck, RJ Schaad, NW Bonde, MR TI Development of a PCR-based method for identification of Tilletia indica, causal agent of karnal bunt of wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ISOZYMES; DISEASE; DNA AB The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify Tilletia indica, the causal agent of Karnal bunt of wheat. The method used two sets of oligonucleotide primers developed by sequence analysis of cloned DraI fragments of mitochondrial DNA of I: indica. The primer pair TI17M1 (5'-TCCCCTTGGATCAGAACGTA-3') and TI17M2 (5'-AGAAGTCTAACTCCCCCCTCT-3'), derived from clone pTI-MD17, amplified a single 825-bp product from all isolates of T. indica and no products for other Tilletia spp. In addition, the primer pair TI57M1 (5'-TTTTCCCTCTCTCCTTTTTTCA-3') and TI57M2 (5'-AGCAAAGACAAAGTAGGCTTCC-3'), derived from clone pTI-MD57, produced a product of 118 bp which was unique to I indica. Specificity of the primers was evaluated using 78 isolates of T.: indica and 79 isolates of five other Tilletia spp., including 69 isolates of T. barclayana, from geographically diverse locations. The specificity of amplification products for I: indica was confirmed by Southern-blot hybridization using pTI-MD17 or pTI-MD57 as P-32-labeled probes. The method also employed a control PCR assay that used primers to conserved binding sites that amplified an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA reported in the literature for several groups of fungi. All Tilletia spp. produced a 420-bp product using the primers ITS3 and ITS4 in the control assay. These results demonstrated that the negative PCR results obtained with T. barclayana and other Tilletia spp. using I: indica-specific primers were not associated with mycelial DNA degradation or the presence of PCR inhibitors. Using teliospores germinated from a seed wash extraction method of infested grain, we demonstrated that ?: indica can be reliably detected at an infestation level of five teliospores per 50-g grain sample. C1 USDA ARS,FREDERICK,MD 21702. HOOD COLL,DEPT BIOL,FREDERICK,MD 21701. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1996 VL 86 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1094/Phyto-86-115 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP770 UT WOS:A1996TP77000013 ER PT J AU Leavitt, SW Paul, EA Galadima, A Nakayama, FS Danzer, SR Johnson, H Kimball, BA AF Leavitt, SW Paul, EA Galadima, A Nakayama, FS Danzer, SR Johnson, H Kimball, BA TI Carbon isotopes and carbon turnover in cotton and wheat FACE experiments SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International GCTE Workshop on Plant-Soil Carbon Below Ground: The Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide CY SEP 20-23, 1995 CL MANSFIELD COLL, UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP GCTE HO MANSFIELD COLL, UNIV OXFORD DE C-13; CO2; cotton; FACE; soil organic carbon; wheat ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; DIOXIDE AB The Maricopa cotton and wheat FACE (free-air CO2 enrichment) experiments offer propitious opportunity to quantify carbon turnover. The commercial CO2 (delta(13)C approximate to-37 parts per thousand) used to elevate CO2 concentration in field plots provided a strongly C-12-depleted tracer. Soil CO2 and delta(13)C of soil organic carbon (SOC) in CO2-enriched and Control plots were measured between the final cotton FACE project (October 1991) and the end of the second wheat experiment (June 1994). The initial C-13-depletion in SOC of cotton FACE plots (measured by the difference in delta(13)C between FACE and Control plots) persisted at the same level (1.9 parts per thousand) 1.5 years after the experiment ended. A similar depletion was observed in soil CO2 evolved in the same plots, indicating ongoing decomposition of the new SOC. The SOC delta(13)C of wheat plots before and after two growing seasons showed increasing C-13-depletion in FACE relative to Control. Isotopic mass balance was consistent with 5-6% new carbon input from the two wheat crops. This is lower than the 12-13% calculated for FACE cotton and perhaps a consequence of the larger root system of cotton or the 3-year duration of the cotton experiments versus 2 years for the wheat. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL WATER & ENVIRONM SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP Leavitt, SW (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,TREE RING RES LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PY 1996 VL 187 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WZ007 UT WOS:A1996WZ00700005 ER PT J AU Rogers, HH Prior, SA Runion, GB Mitchell, RJ AF Rogers, HH Prior, SA Runion, GB Mitchell, RJ TI Root to shoot ratio of crops as influenced by CO2 SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International GCTE Workshop on Plant-Soil Carbon Below Ground: The Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide CY SEP 20-23, 1995 CL MANSFIELD COLL, UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP GCTE HO MANSFIELD COLL, UNIV OXFORD DE R:S; root to shoot ratio, dry weight basis ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; ATMOSPHERIC PARTIAL-PRESSURE; PLANT-GROWTH; ELEVATED CO2; DRY-MATTER; WATER-STRESS; CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; YIELD RESPONSES AB Crops of tomorrow are likely to grow under higher levels of atmospheric CO2. Fundamental crop growth processes will be affected and chief among these is carbon allocation. The root to shoot ratio (R:S, defined as dry weight of root biomass divided by dry weight of shoot biomass) depends upon the partitioning of photosynthate which may be influenced by environmental stimuli. Exposure of plant canopies to high CO2 concentration often stimulates the growth of both shoot and root, but the question remains whether elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration will affect roots and shoots of crop plants proportionally. Since elevated CO2 can induce changes in plant structure and function, there may be differences in allocation between root and shoot, at least under some conditions. The effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on carbon allocation has yet to be fully elucidated, especially in the context of changing resource availability, Herein we review root to shoot allocation as affected by increased concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and provide recommendations for further research. Review of the available literature shows substantial variation in R:S response for crop plants. In many cases (59.5%) R:S increased, in a very few (3.0%) remained unchanged, and in others (37.5%) decreased. The explanation for these differences probably resides in crop type, resource supply, and other experimental factors. Efforts to understand allocation under CO2 enrichment will add substantially to the global change response data base. C1 AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. JONES ECOL RES CTR, NEWTON, GA 31770 USA. RP Rogers, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB, POB 3439, AUBURN, AL 36831 USA. NR 120 TC 129 Z9 152 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PY 1996 VL 187 IS 2 BP 229 EP 248 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WZ007 UT WOS:A1996WZ00700008 ER PT J AU Goins, GD Russelle, MP AF Goins, GD Russelle, MP TI Fine root demography in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Sustainable Soil-Plant Systems CY APR 27-30, 1995 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN DE alfalfa; Medicago sativa L; root decomposition; root turnover; root production; minirhizotron ID NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; SOIL; TURNOVER; GROWTH; MINIRHIZOTRONS; QUANTIFICATION; REGROWTH; PATTERNS; FIXATION; NODULES AB In perennial forages like alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), repeated herbage removal may alter root production and mortality which, in turn, could affect deposition of fixed N in soil. Our objective was to determine the extent and patterns of fine-diameter root production acid loss during the year of alfalfa stand establishment. The experiment was conducted on a loamy sand soil (Udorthentic Haploboroll) in Minnesota, USA, using horizontally installed minirhizotrons placed directly under the seeded rows at 10, 20, and 40 cm depths in four replicate blocks. We seeded four alfalfa germplasms that differed in N-2 fixation capacity and root system architecture: Agate alfalfa, a winter hardy commercially-available cultivar; Ineffective Agate, which is a non-N-2-fixing near isoline of Agate; a new germplasm that has few fibrous roots and strong tap-rooted traits; and a new germplasm that has many fibrous roots and a strongly branched root system architecture. Video images collected biweekly throughout the initial growing season were processed using C-MAP-ROOTS software. More than one-half of all fine roots in the upper 20 cm were produced during the first 7 weeks of growth. Root production was similar among germplasms, except that the highly fibrous, branch-rooted germplasm produced 29% more fine roots at 20 cm than other germplasms. In all germplasms, about 7% of the fine roots at each depth developed into secondarily thickened roots. By the end of the first growing season, greatest fine root mortality had occurred in the uppermost depth (43%), and least occurred at 40 cm (36%). Survival of contemporaneous root cohorts was not related to soil depth in a simple fashion, although all survivorship curves could be described using only five rates of exponential decline. There was a significant reduction in fine root mortality before the first herbage harvest, followed by a pronounced loss (average 22%) of fine roots at the 10- and 20-cm depths in the 2-week period following herbage removal. Median life spans of these early-season cohorts ranged from 58 to 131 days, based on fitted exponential equations. At all depths, fine roots produced in the 4 weeks before harvest (early- to mid-August) tended to have shorter median life spans than early-season cohorts. Similar patterns of fine root mortality did not occur at the second harvest. Germplasms differed in the pattern, but not the ultimate extent, of fine root mortality. Fine root turnover during the first year of alfalfa establishment in this experiment released an estimated 830 kg C ha(-1) and 60 kg N ha(-1), with no differences due to N-2 fixation capacity or root system architecture. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. RP Goins, GD (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA, USDA ARS, 439 BORLAUG HALL, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. NR 51 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PY 1996 VL 185 IS 2 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.1007/BF02257534 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WD379 UT WOS:A1996WD37900015 ER PT J AU Athar, M Johnson, DA AF Athar, M Johnson, DA TI Influence of drought on competition between selected Rhizobium meliloti strains and naturalized soil rhizobia in alfalfa SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE competition; drought; Medicago falcata; Medicago sativa; nitrogen fixation; nodulation; rhizobia ID INTRINSIC ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; TRIFOLIUM-SUBTERRANEUM L; NITROGEN-FIXATION; NODULE FORMATION; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; WATER-STRESS; VICIA-FABA; NODULATION; LEGUMINOSARUM; POPULATIONS AB Drought is an important environmental factor that can affect rhizobial competition and N-2 fixation. Three alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. and M. falcata L.) accessions were grown in pots containing soil from an irrigated (Soil 1) and a dryland (Soil 2) alfalfa field in northern Utah, USA. Mutants of three strains of Rhizobium meliloti Dang. from Pakistan (UL 136, UL 210, and UL 222) and a commercial rhizobial strain 102F51a were developed with various levels of resistance to streptomycin. Seeds inoculated with these individual streptomycin-resistant mutants were sown in the two soils containing naturalized rhizobial populations. Soils in the pots were maintained at -0.03, -0.5, and -1.0 MPa. After 10 weeks, plants were harvested and nodule isolates were cultured on agar medium with and without streptomycin to determine nodule occupancy (proportion of the nodules occupied by introduced rhizobial strains). Number of nodules, nodule occupancy, total plant dry weight, and shoot N were higher for Soil 1 than Soil 2. Number of nodules, plant dry weight, and shoot N decreased as drought increased from -0.03 to -1.0 MPa in the three alfalfa accessions. Rhizobial strains UL 136 and UL 222 were competitive with naturalized alfalfa rhizobia and were effective at symbiotic N-2 fixation under drought. These results suggest that nodulation, growth, and N-2 fixation in alfalfa can be improved by inoculation with competitive and drought-tolerant rhizobia and may be one economically feasible way to increase alfalfa production in water-limited environments. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PY 1996 VL 184 IS 2 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1007/BF00010452 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WD376 UT WOS:A1996WD37600005 ER PT J AU Shelp, BJ Vivekanandan, P Vanderpool, RA Kitheka, AM AF Shelp, BJ Vivekanandan, P Vanderpool, RA Kitheka, AM TI Translocation and effectiveness of foliar-fertilized boron in broccoli plants of varying boron status SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE boron; boron mobility; broccoli; foliar-applied; nutrition ID GROWN ROOT CROPS; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; MOBILITY; NUTRITION; TREES; SPECTROMETRY; LEAVES AB The translocation and effectiveness of foliar-fertiilized boron (B) was investigated in broccoli plants supplied via the root system with luxury, sufficient or deficient levels of B. B-10-enriched boric acid was applied three times to lower leaves, beginning one week prior to inflorescence emergence, and the shoot and floret yields, as well as the B-10 and B-11 contents or concentrations of xylem sap, phloem exudate and various plant parts, were determined three weeks after inflorescence emergence. The amount of B-10 translocated in phloem from fed leaves to the remainder of the shoot did not exceed 0.5%, of that supplied, but it was inversely related to plant-B status. The partitioning of translocated B-10 to florets (16-30%) and the degree of enhancement in floret yield (28-75%) was also inversely related to plant-B status. It is concluded that foliar-B fertilization may be more effective for preventing B deficiency than soil-derived B in leaves. C1 USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP Shelp, BJ (reprint author), UNIV GUELPH,DEPT HORT SCI,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PY 1996 VL 183 IS 2 BP 309 EP 313 DI 10.1007/BF00011446 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WD299 UT WOS:A1996WD29900016 ER PT J AU Feldhake, CM Ritchey, KD AF Feldhake, CM Ritchey, KD TI Flue gas desulfurization gypsum improves orchardgrass root density and water extraction in an acid subsoil SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE aluminium toxicity; coal combustion by-product; Dactylis glomerata L; evapotranspiration; pasture; water stress ID ALUMINUM TOXICITY; RESISTANCE; GROWTH AB In Appalachia, many soils are acidic, high in exchangeable aluminium, and low in calcium. Large amounts of high gypsum flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products are currently disposed of into landfills, although they have potential value as a soil amendment for the region. This study was conducted to determine if leaching an acid subsoil with a saturated solution of a FGD by-product can improve the subsoil as a rooting media for orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) which is widely used for pasture in the region. Orchardgrass was grown in soil from a pHc 3.8 (in 0.01 M CaCl2) Lily loam Bt horizon (fine loamy siliceous, mesic, Typic Hapludult) leached with two different rates of a saturated FGD by-product aqueous solution, as well as in soil that was limed, and an unamended soil. Water use by a clipped and partially enclosed vegetative canopy was measured in a growth chamber during two drying cycles. Small but consistent increases in water use were correlated with decreases in aluminium saturation of the soil. The effect was greatest during the second drying cycle. Increases in root biomass were also correlated with decreases in aluminium saturation. The effect of treatment on the pattern of water use altered after the first drying cycle when water uptake became most restricted in the unamended treatment. The manganese content of leaf tissue increased from 208 mg kg(-1) to 570 mg kg(-1) between the unaltered and highest leaching rate treatment. The highest level was still below the 2000 mg kg(-1) that is considered toxic to grazing animals. These results suggest that the application of high gypsum FGD by-products to pastures in Appalachia has the potential to improve root growth and functioning in subsoil horizons, but some care may be needed to monitor forage quality. RP Feldhake, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,AIRPORT RD,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 1996 VL 178 IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1007/BF00011593 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA UE063 UT WOS:A1996UE06300015 ER PT J AU Warne, TR Hickok, LG Kinraide, TB Vogelien, DL AF Warne, TR Hickok, LG Kinraide, TB Vogelien, DL TI High salinity tolerance in the stl2 mutation of Ceratopteris richardii is associated with enhanced K+ influx and loss SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ceratopteris richardii; calcium; electrophysiology; ion transport; magnesium; potassium; rubidium; salt tolerance; sodium ID ARABIDOPSIS PLASMA-MEMBRANE; FABA GUARD-CELLS; ION CHANNELS; SALT TOLERANCE; FERN CERATOPTERIS; MUTANTS TOLERANT; POTASSIUM; TRANSPORT; PLANT; NACL AB The roles of K+ uptake and loss in the salinity response of the wild type and the salt-tolerant mutant stl2 of Ceratopteris richardii were studied by measuring Rb+ influx and loss and the effects of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+-transport inhibitors. In addition, electrophysiological responses were measured for both K+ and Rb+ and for the effects of Na+ and NH4+ on subsequent K+-induced depolarizations. stl2 had a 26-40 % higher uptake rate for Rb+ than the wild type at 0.5-10 mol m(-3) RbCl. Similarly, membrane depolarizations induced by both RbCl and KCl were consistently greater in stl2. In the presence of 0-180 mol m(-3) NaCl, stl2 maintained a consistently greater Rb+ influx than the wild type. stl2 retained a greater capacity for subsequent KCl-induced depolarization following exposure to NaCl. Five mol m(-3) Mg2+ decreased Rb+ uptake in stl2; however, additional Mg2+ up to 40 mol m(-3) did not affect Rb+ uptake further. Ca2+ supplementation resulted in a very minor decrease of Rb+ uptake that was similar in the two genotypes. Tetraethylammonium chloride and CsCl gave similar inhibition of Rb+ uptake in both genotypes, but NH4Cl gave substantially greater inhibition in the wild type than in stl2. NH4Cl resulted in a greater membrane depolarization in the wild type and the capacity for subsequent depolarization by KCl was markedly reduced. stl2 exhibited a higher K+-dependent loss of Rb+ than the wild type, but, in the absence of external K+, loss of Rb+ was equivalent in the two genotypes. Since constitutive K+ contents are nearly identical, we conclude that high K+ influx and loss exact a metabolic cost that is reflected in the inhibition of gametophytic growth, Growth inhibition can be alleviated by reduced supplemental K+ or by treatments that slightly reduce K+ influx, such as moderate concentrations of Na+ or Mg2+. We propose that high throughput of K+ allows maintenance of cytosolic K+ under salt stress and that a high uptake rate for K+ results in a reduced capacity for the entrance and accumulation of alternative cations such as Na+ in the cytosol. C1 ARS, USDA, APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, BECKLEY, WV 25802 USA. KENNESAW STATE COLL, DEPT BIOL & PHYS, MARIETTA, GA 30061 USA. RP Warne, TR (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT BOT, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00223.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TU456 UT WOS:A1996TU45600004 ER PT J AU Millard, MM Veisz, OB Krizek, DT Line, M AF Millard, MM Veisz, OB Krizek, DT Line, M TI Thermodynamic analysis of the physical state of water during freezing in plant tissue, based on the temperature dependence of proton spin-spin relaxation SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE activation energy; cold acclimation; freezing injury; NMR imaging; non-freezable water; Poaceae; spin-spin relaxation; temperature dependence; Triticum aestivum L; water dynamics AB Multi-proton spin-echo images were collected from cold-acclimated winter wheat crowns (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Cappelle Desprez at 400 MHz between 4 and -4 degrees C. Water proton relaxation by the spin-spin (T-2) mechanism from individual voxels in image slices was found to be monoexponential. The temperature dependence of these relaxation rates was found to obey Arrhenius or absolute rate theory expressions relating temperature, activation energies and relaxation rates. Images whose contrast is proportional to the Arrhenius activation energy (E(a)), Gibb's free energy of activation (Delta G double dagger), enthalpy of activation (Delta H double dagger), and the entropy of activation (Delta S double dagger) for water relaxation on a voxel basis were constructed by post-image processing. These new images exhibit contrast based on activation energies rather than rates of proton relaxation. The temperature dependence of water proton T-2 relaxation rates permits prediction of changes in the physical state of water in this tissue over modest temperature ranges. A simple model is proposed to predict the freezing temperature of various tissues in wheat crowns. The average E(a) and Delta H double dagger for water proton T-2 relaxation over the above temperature range in winter wheat tissue were -6.4 +/- 14.8 and -8.6 +/- 14.8 kT mol(-1), respectively. This barrier is considerably lower than the E(a) for proton translation in ice at 0 degrees C, which is reported to be between 46.0 and 56.5 kT mol(-1). C1 ARS,USDA,NAT RESOURCES INST,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,AGR RES INST,H-2462 MARTONVASAR,HUNGARY. ARS,USDA,NAT RESOURCES INST,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Meszaros, Klara/B-3286-2013; Veisz, Otto Balint/B-3018-2013 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00224.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TU456 UT WOS:A1996TU45600005 ER PT J AU Subbarao, KV Koike, ST Hubbard, JC AF Subbarao, KV Koike, ST Hubbard, JC TI Effects of deep plowing on the distribution and density of Sclerotinia minor sclerotia and lettuce drop incidence SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disease management; epidemiology; Lactuca sativa ID INFECTION; SURVIVAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GERMINATION; GROWTH AB Effects of deep plowing on the density and distribution of Sclerotinia minor sclerotia and disease incidence were evaluated in a field with a history of severe lettuce drop. Incidence of lettuce drop was recorded on the crop prior to deep plowing. A 40 x 102 m area was divided into four replicate plots of 40 x 24 m with a 2-m space between replications. Each plot was further subdivided into 60 subplots of 4 x 4 m. Soil samples were collected and bulked from six random locations within each subplot to a depth of 15 cm before, immediately after, and one lettuce crop after deep plowing from each subplot. Aliquots of 100 g of soil from each subplot were assayed for S. minor sclerotia by wet sieving. In two successive lettuce crops following deep plowing, the total number of plants and the number showing lettuce drop symptoms were counted in each subplot prior to crop harvest. Significant reductions in the mean number of sclerotia and lettuce drop incidence occurred on the crop immediately after deep plowing; however, disease incidence was significantly greater in the second crop. Calculated values of Lloyd's index of patchiness showed that the distribution of sclerotia had changed from a highly aggregated pattern prior to deep plowing to less aggregated patterns approaching randomness subsequently. While the desired effect of reducing the number of sclerotia was accomplished with deep plowing, the altered distribution of sclerotia increased the likelihood of infection of a greater number of lettuce plants. Consequently, a higher lettuce drop incidence was recorded in the succeeding crops. The viability of sclerotia was also significantly higher following deep plowing. Deep plowing is therefore unlikely to be a successful disease management strategy for lettuce drop in the high inoculum density fields in the Salinas Valley. C1 UNIV CALIF COOPERAT EXTENS,SALINAS,CA 93901. RP Subbarao, KV (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,US ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 80 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP771 UT WOS:A1996TP77100005 ER PT J AU McVey, DV Long, DL Roberts, JJ AF McVey, DV Long, DL Roberts, JJ TI Races of Puccinia graminis in the United States during 1994 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STEM RUST; NOMENCLATURE; SYSTEM AB Wheat stem rust overwintered in southern Louisiana and Texas in the winter of 1993-94. Wheat stem rust caused negligible yield losses in wheat in the U.S. Race Pgt-TPMK was the most common race on wheat, making up 39% from 51 collections, while Pgt-QCCJ was most common from barley, making up 90% from 38 collections. Four collections from Hordeum jubatum yielded six isolates of race TMPK, four isolates of race QCCJ, and one each of races RKQQ and RTQQ. No virulence was found to wheat lines with genes Sr13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. Oat stem rust was first found in mid-April in southern Texas and Louisiana. Yield losses due to oat stem rust in 1994 were negligible. Race NA-27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was again the predominant race in the United States, constituting 87% of the 119 isolates from 41 collections. NA-5 and NA-16 were the two other races identified from the U.S., constituting 3 and 10% of the isolates, respectively. Only race NA-29 was found in 50 collections from central Mexico. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA AGR EXPT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30212. RP McVey, DV (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 80 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP771 UT WOS:A1996TP77100018 ER PT J AU Lee, GB AF Lee, GB TI Reactions of Glycines species and other legumes to Septoria glycines SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Thirteen genera representing 30 legume species, two weed species (Abutilon theophrasti and Cynanchum laeve), and five cultivars of soybean were inoculated with Septoria glycines in the field and/or greenhouse. Of these, 29 legume species and A. theophrasti had leaf symptoms. Only Cicer arietinum was symptomless under field and greenhouse inoculations. C. laeve was found to be infected in its natural state in the field, but symptoms could not be reproduced when it was inoculated in the greenhouse. Leaf symptoms on the legume species and A. theophrasti were separated into three types. All Glycine spp. except one accession of G. tabacina (PI440994) had lesions typical of soybean brown spot. Ten legume species with green cotyledons had small lesions. Six legume species and A. theophrasti had atypical symptoms. Incubated leaf samples from inoculated field and greenhouse-grown plants were used to count pycnidia with cirrhi. Species with small lesions and atypical symptoms had fewer pycnidia with cirrhi than those plants with typical brown spot lesions. Septoria was isolated from leaf lesions of field-grown noninoculated A. theophrasti and C. laeve plants. These isolates were similar in culture to an isolate of S. glycines from soybean and, like the soybean isolate, caused typical brown spot lesions on soybeans and A. theophrasti. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Lee, GB (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 80 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP771 UT WOS:A1996TP77100019 ER PT J AU Guo, YH Walla, JA Cheng, ZM Lee, IM AF Guo, YH Walla, JA Cheng, ZM Lee, IM TI X-disease confirmation and distribution in chokecherry in North Dakota SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE phytoplasma purification; Prunus virginiana; serology ID MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PLANT HOSTS; PEACH; AGENT; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; MICROSCOPY; CLONING AB A phytoplasma was observed in diseased chokecherry plants in North Dakota by electron microscopy and identified with a phytoplasma-specific polyclonal antibody and with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (168 rDNA) sequence amplified with the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The phytoplasma was partially purified directly from infected chokecherry plants for use in raising a polyclonal antibody in mice. The specificity of the polyclonal antibody against phytoplasma was shown by its reaction with diseased, but not with healthy, chokecherries upon immunofluorescence staining. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the chokecherry phytoplasma in North Dakota to be serologically related to phytoplasmas associated with eastern X, western X, milkweed yellows, and pigeon pea witches'-broom disease. The antibody did not react with phytoplasmas associated with ash yellows, aster yellows, elm yellows, goldenrod yellows, spirea stunt, and palm lethal yellowing. The identity as X-disease phytoplasma was supported by RFLP analysis of the amplified products obtained from the nested-PCR by using two phytoplasma-universal primer pairs. The RFLP patterns from MseI and HpaII digestion indicated that the X-disease phytoplasma in chokecherry belongs to subgroup A in the 165 rRNA group III. The presence of X-disease symptoms, electron microscopic observation of phytoplasmas in symptomatic plants, detection with the polyclonal antibody, and detection and identification by PCR-RFLP analysis provided the first confirmation that chokecherry X-disease occurs in the Great Plains region. Chokecherry X-disease was found to be widespread in North Dakota based on positive serological detection of X-disease phytoplasma in chokecherry samples collected throughout North Dakota. X-disease in chokecherry was also confirmed in South Dakota and in Saskatchewan, Canada. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,BARC W,PSI,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 80 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP771 UT WOS:A1996TP77100020 ER PT J AU Bugbee, WM AF Bugbee, WM TI Cercospora beticola strains from sugar beet tolerant to triphenyltin hydroxide and resistant to thiophanate methyl. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article RP Bugbee, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,1307 18TH ST N,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 80 IS 1 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP771 UT WOS:A1996TP77100023 ER PT J AU Uyemoto, JK Rowhani, A Luhn, CF AF Uyemoto, JK Rowhani, A Luhn, CF TI Mechanical transmission of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus to young trees of Nemaguard peach and Nanking cherry. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Uyemoto, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 80 IS 1 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP771 UT WOS:A1996TP77100029 ER PT J AU Alderman, SC AF Alderman, SC TI Occurrence of Gloeotinia temulenta on tall fescue in Oregon. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article RP Alderman, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 80 IS 1 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP771 UT WOS:A1996TP77100033 ER PT J AU Tibbot, BK Skadsen, RW AF Tibbot, BK Skadsen, RW TI Molecular cloning and characterization of a gibberellin-inducible, putative alpha-glucosidase gene from barley SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-amylase; barley; GA; gene-expression; alpha-glucosidase; maltase ID INTESTINAL SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; SCHWANNIOMYCES-OCCIDENTALIS GLUCOAMYLASE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MESSENGER-RNAS; ALEURONE CELLS; MALTASE GENE; BETA-AMYLASE; EXPRESSION; HOMOLOGY AB A putative alpha-glucosidase clone has been isolated from a cDNA library constructed from mRNA of barley aleurones treated with gibberellin A(3) (GA). The clone is 2752 bp in length and has an uninterrupted open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 877 amino acids. A 680 amino acid region is 43% identical to human lysosomal alpha-glucosidase and other glycosyl hydrolases. In isolated aleurones, the levels of the corresponding mRNA increase strongly after the application of GA, similar to the pattern exhibited by low-pI alpha-amylase mRNA. High Levels are also observed in the aleurone and scutellum after germination, while low levels are found in developing seeds. The genome contains a single form of this ol-glucosidase gene and two additional sequences that may be related genes or pseudogenes. C1 USDA,AGR RES SERV,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Tibbot, BK (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 56 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 30 IS 2 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1007/BF00020110 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA UB688 UT WOS:A1996UB68800002 PM 8616248 ER PT J AU Parks, BM Quail, PH Hangarter, RP AF Parks, BM Quail, PH Hangarter, RP TI Phytochrome A regulates red-light induction of phototropic enhancement in arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOCHEMICALLY DETECTABLE PHYTOCHROME; LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANTS; THALIANA SEEDLINGS; WILD-TYPE; DEFICIENT; FAMILY; GRAVITROPISM; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; ROOTS AB Phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome 8 photoreceptors have distinct roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Studies using specific photomorphogenic mutants and transgenic plants overexpressing phytochrome have supported an evolving picture in which phyA and phytochrome B are responsive to continuous far-red and red light, respectively. Photomorphogenic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that had been selected for their inability to respond to continuous irradiance conditions were tested for their ability to carry out red-light-induced enhancement of phototropism, which is an inductive phytochrome response. We conclude that phyA is the primary photoreceptor regulating this response and provide evidence suggesting that a common regulatory domain in the phyA polypeptide functions for both high-irradiance and inductive phytochrome responses. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT BIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 47475] NR 36 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 110 IS 1 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1104/pp.110.1.155 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP989 UT WOS:A1996TP98900018 PM 8587979 ER PT J AU Grusak, MA Pezeshgi, S AF Grusak, MA Pezeshgi, S TI Shoot-to-root signal transmission regulates root Fe(III) reductase activity in the dgl mutant of pea SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOMATO LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; FERRIC CHELATE REDUCTION; IRON-DEFICIENCY; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; FE-EFFICIENCY; STRESS-RESPONSE; METABOLISM; NUTRITION; MECHANISM; PLANTS AB To understand the root, shoot, and Fe-nutritional factors that regulate root Fe-acquisition processes in dicotyledonous plants, Fe(III) reduction and net proton efflux were quantified in root systems of an Fe-hyperaccumulating mutant (dgl) and a parental (cv Dippes Gelbe Viktoria [DGV]) genotype of pea (Pisum sativum). Plants were grown with (+Fe treated) or without (-Fe treated) added Fe(III)-N,N'-ethylenebis[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-glycine] (2 mu M); root Fe(III) reduction was measured in solutions containing growth nutrients, 0.1 mM Fe(III)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 0.1 mM Na-2-bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid. Daily measurements of Fe(III) reduction (d 10-20) revealed initially low rates in +Fe-treated and -Fe-treated dgl, followed by a nearly 5-fold stimulation in rates by d 15 for both growth types. In DGV, root Fe(III) reductase activity increased only minimally by d 20 in +Fe-treated plants and about 3-fold in -Fe-treated plants, beginning on d 15. Net proton efflux was enhanced in roots of -Fe-treated DGV and both dgl growth types, relative to +Fe-treated DGV. In dgl the enhanced proton efflux occurred prior to the increase in root Fe(III) reductase activity. Reductase studies using plants with reciprocal shoot:root grafts demonstrated that shoot expression of the dgl gene leads to the generation of a transmissible signal that enhances Fe(III) reductase activity in roots. The dgl gene product may alter or interfere with a normal component of a signal transduction mechanism regulating re homeostasis in plants. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 31 TC 107 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 110 IS 1 BP 329 EP 334 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TP989 UT WOS:A1996TP98900038 ER PT J AU Luster, DG Farrell, HM AF Luster, DG Farrell, HM TI Seasonal expression patterns and characterization of a Euphorbia esula root storage protein SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Tetrapyrrole Photoreceptors CY JUN 05-10, 1995 CL FREISING, GERMANY SP European Commiss, Directorate Gen XII Sci Res & Dev, Deut Forschungsgemeinsch Elementary Proc Photosynthesis, Deut Forschungsgemeinsch Molek Grundlagen Biogenese Zellorganellen DE perennial weed; vegetative storage protein; Euphorbia esula ID NITROGEN STORAGE; BARK; PHOTOPERIOD; RESERVES AB High-abundance, water-soluble root proteins are hypothesized to be potential storage forms of reduced N assimilate in perennial weeds. Rabbit antiserum raised against an electrophoretically purified 29 kDa root protein of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) was used to follow seasonal protein accumulation patterns as well as responses to photoperiod and decapitation. Accumulation of the protein in roots of field-grown plants began during late spring months, with maximal accumulation observed during fall and winter months. Protein accumulation patterns over an 8-week period were similar in root extracts from controlled-environment long- and short-day-grown plants at 30 degrees C. Decapitation of the shoot resulted in an immediate decline of the 29 kDa protein in the roots, followed by a gradual increase as shoots expanded from root buds over a 4-week period. These accumulation patterns suggest that dormant leafy spurge root buds may exploit the degradation of stored N root reserves in the form of soluble storage proteins for amino acids to fuel expansion and growth when the buds are released from apical dominance and the root undergoes a transition from sink to source. Processes controlling the accumulation or remobilization of such perennial root storage proteins thus provide potential targets for chemical or biological weed control agents. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP Luster, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BLDG 1301,FT DETRICK,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 34 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TV877 UT WOS:A1996TV87700015 ER PT J AU Vigo, TL Danna, GF AF Vigo, TL Danna, GF TI Magnesium hydroperoxyacetate (MHPA) and magnesium dihydro peroxide (MDHP): New antibacterial agents for fibrous substrates SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE magnesium hydroperoxyacetate; magnesium dihydroperoxide; antibacterial activity; fibrous substrates; controlled release mechanism AB Water-dispersable products have been prepared from the reaction of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate with hydrogen peroxide at mole ratios of 1:2 to 1:40 to produce compositions with active oxygen or peroxide contents of 1-30%. The products are believed to be stoichiometric mixtures of HOO-Mg-OAc and HOO-Mg-OOH that vary in composition with the molar ratios used. These new compounds are hydrolytically stable at ambient temperatures for extended periods (at least 60 days) and thermally stable below 300 degrees C. Pad-cure processes are described for applying the above reaction products as a dispersion in wafer or aqueous hydrogen peroxide or as a foam in aqueous hydrogen peroxide to impart antibacterial activity to celulosics, synthetic fibers and fiber blends. The textiles are treated with dispersions or foam containing 10-17% of the reaction products derived from mole ratios of 1 :2 to 1:40 magnesium acetate tetrahydrate: hydrogen peroxide. On subsequent heating for 2-4 min at 120-150 degrees C, washing and drying, the modified textiles contain durably bound active oxygen or peroxide (0.1-1.7%) that has activity against representative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for up to 50 launderings. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1581(199601)7:1<17::AID-PAT483>3.0.CO;2-X PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TR147 UT WOS:A1996TR14700002 ER PT J AU Lester, G AF Lester, G TI Calcium alters senescence rate of postharvest muskmelon fruit disks SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo var reticulatus; melons; H+-ATPase; lipids; plasma membrane ID STORAGE AB Percent total chlorophyll loss in whole muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.) fruit disks incubated in control (no salt), 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 or 0.32 M CaCl2, MgCl2 or KCl plus 0.35 M mannitol for ten days at 22 degrees C in the dark was delayed only in calcium solutions, with the greatest retention occurring in 0.04 M content. Percent total chlorophyll loss was hastened in 0.16 and 0.32 M concentrations regardless of the cation. Differences in the chemical, senescence-associated, properties of the plasma membrane (PM) from hypodermal mesocarp tissue of postharvest muskmelon disks were compared before and after floating disks in control, 0.04 or 0.16 M CaCl2, MgCl2 or KCl plus 0.35 M mannitol for ten days at 22 degrees C in the dark. Total phospholipid, protein, and H+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.35) activity loss, in the PM were delayed only with 0.04 M CaCl2 and hastened with most all other chloride solutions vs. no salt. The free sterol:phospholipid ratio and percent unsaturation of phospholipid fatty acids was the highest in the PM from fruit disks incubated in 0.04 M CaCl2 and were the highest and lowest, respectively, in 0.16 M CaCl2 vs. no salt. This study suggests that muskmelon fruit senescence is affected bq;calcium treatment, by affecting the PM, possibly involving the regulation of phospholipid composition and content. RP Lester, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/0925-5214(95)00020-8 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TL886 UT WOS:A1996TL88600008 ER PT J AU Shellie, KC Mangan, RL AF Shellie, KC Mangan, RL TI Tolerance of red-fleshed grapefruit to a constant or stepped temperature, forced-air quarantine heat treatment SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrus paradisi Macf; quality; heat; phytosanitary; disinfestation ID FLORIDA GRAPEFRUIT; CHILLING INJURY; MARKET QUALITY AB The quality of red-fleshed grapefruit after exposure to a constant (46 degrees C for 300 min), or stepped (40 degrees C for 120 min, 50 degrees C for 90 min, and 52 degrees C until the fruit center temperature is 48 degrees C) temperature, forced-air quarantine heat treatment was evaluated. Grapefruit exposed to either heat treatment had lower titratable acidity and slightly better flavor ratings than fruit not exposed to a heat treatment. Neither of the heat treatments resulted in external or internal damage to the fruit nor an increased incidence of decay during storage. The average center temperature of fruit exposed to the stepped temperature heat treatment reached 48 degrees C after 240 min of treatment, and exceeded that of fruit exposed to the constant temperature treatment by 2 degrees C for about 80 min. Though both heat treatments provide quarantine security against the Mexican fruit fly, the constant temperature heat treatment is preferred over the stepped temperature heat treatment because fruit are not exposed to high temperatures that, given sufficient duration of exposure, could potentially lower market quality. RP Shellie, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0925-5214(95)00029-1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TL886 UT WOS:A1996TL88600015 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ Foos, JF AF Hallman, GJ Foos, JF TI Coating combined with dimethoate as a quarantine treatment against fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha suspensa; grapefruit; postharvest treatment; insecticidal dip; fruit coating AB Grapefruits infested with Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), larvae were coated with Nature Seal containing 1.5% hydroxypropyl cellulose or Sta-Fresh 360 HS with or without 300 ppm dimethoate. Another treatment was dipped in 300 ppm dimethoate in water, and a final group of infested grapefruits remained untreated (control). Coating or dimethoate alone reduced the number of Caribbean fruit fly larvae emerging from grapefruits significantly (95% confidence level). The combination of coating plus dimethoate yielded 93-98.7% less larvae than either coating or dimethoate alone. Dimethoate residues in the pulp of grapefruits coated with Sta-Fresh 360 HS plus dimethoate (<0.005 ppm) were lower than residues in grapefruits coated with Nature Seal plus dimethoate (0.014 ppm) or dimethoate in water (0.009 ppm) three days after coating. These studies show that the combination of coating plus dimethoate may serve as a quarantine treatment for fruits infested with tephritid fruit flies. This combination treatment would allow lower doses of dimethoate than current dimethoate dips. C1 USDA,MIAMI,FL 33158. ABC RES,GAINESVILLE,FL 32607. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1016/0925-5214(95)00030-5 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA TL886 UT WOS:A1996TL88600018 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Packard, MJ AF Richards, MP Packard, MJ TI Mineral metabolism in avian embryos SO POULTRY AND AVIAN BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Growth, Metabolism and Development of the Avian Biology Symposium, at the National Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY DEC, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol DE minerals; trace minerals; yolk sac; chorioallantois; liver; bone; yolk granule; vitellogenin; eggshell; albumen; homeostasis ID CHICK CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE; SHELL-LESS CULTURE; DEVELOPING TURKEY EMBRYO; TRANSEPITHELIAL CALCIUM-TRANSPORT; METALLOTHIONEIN MESSENGER-RNA; YOLK-SAC MEMBRANE; HIGH DIETARY ZINC; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS AB Mineral metabolism in the developing avian embryo starts with the formation of the egg and the mineral deposits contained within it. The site of deposition of each mineral and its chemical form dictate how it will be mobilized and assimilated by the tissues of the embryo. Mobilization and transepithelial transport of egg mineral deposits are mediated by the actions of the extra-embryonic membranes, principally the yolk sac and the chorioallantois. Transport of minerals in blood involves metal-binding, plasma proteins synthesized initially by the yolk sac and later by the liver of the embryo. Once in embryonic circulation, minerals are transported to such tissues as the liver, which serves as a transient storage site for trace minerals and bone, which is the major site for calcium accumulation in the embryo. Thus, embryonic mineral homeostasis is established through the coordinated actions of the yolk sac, the chorioallantois, embryonic circulation, and tissues of the embryo, the functions of which are subject to developmental regulation. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 151 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA PO BOX 81, NORTHWOOD, MIDDX, ENGLAND HA6 3DN SN 1357-048X J9 POULT AVIAN BIOL REV JI Poult. Avian Biol. Rev. PY 1996 VL 7 IS 2-3 BP 143 EP 161 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA VV651 UT WOS:A1996VV65100007 ER PT J AU Huff, WE Bayyari, GR Rath, NC Balog, JM AF Huff, WE Bayyari, GR Rath, NC Balog, JM TI Effect of feed and water withdrawal on green liver discoloration, serum triglycerides, and hemoconcentration in turkeys SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; osteomyelitis; green liver; feed deprivation; water deprivation ID PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE; GROWTH-HORMONE; OSTEOMYELITIS; RESTRICTION AB Turkey poults at 1 d of age were obtained from a local hatchery (Experiment 1), or at 14 wk of age from a local grower (Experiment 2), and kept in floor pens with feed and water available for ad libitum consumption. When the turkeys reached 16 wk of age (Experiment 1) and 18 wk of age (Experiment 2), the treatments were established within a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement and consisted of ad libitum consumption of feed and water (control), or feed, water, or both feed and water withdrawal. In Experiment 1, 1 turkey per pen, 6 turkeys per treatment, were killed every 4 h for 32 h, and in Experiment 2, 10 turkeys per treatment were killed at 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, and 54 h after feed, or water, or both had been withdrawn. The turkeys were bled at sampling times 16 and 32 h in Experiment 1 and at each sampling time in Experiment 2. Serum was collected and hematological and clinical chemistries performed. The turkeys were examined for green fiver discoloration and turkey osteomyelitis complex lesions. Withdrawal of feed, water, or both feed and water for up to 54 h did not affect the incidence of green liver discoloration in these studies. Serum triglyceride concentrations were the most sensitive blood constituent to either water or feed withdrawal, with reductions (P less than or equal to 0.05) occurring at 16 h after feed withdrawal. Hemoconcentration resulted in an increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels 30 h after water withdrawal. RP Huff, WE (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,POULTRY SCI CTR,USDA ARS,POULTRY PROD & PROD SAFETY RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 75 IS 1 BP 59 EP 61 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TV346 UT WOS:A1996TV34600011 PM 8650112 ER PT J AU Young, LL Lyon, CE Northcutt, JK Dickens, JA AF Young, LL Lyon, CE Northcutt, JK Dickens, JA TI Effect of time post-mortem on development of pink discoloration in cooked turkey breast meat SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pink discoloration; pinking; post-mortem; turkey muscle; meat aging AB This study investigated effects of time post-mortem on development of pink discoloration in turkey Pectoralis major muscles. Muscles were harvested immediately after slaughter, ground, and cooked at 0 to 24 h post-mortem in 4-h increments. Changes in pH, color, and denaturation of myoglobin during cooking were observed. The pH of raw and marinated product declined post-mortem; however, this decline was 0.13 pH units less for meat that was marinated. Aging muscles less than 8 h resulted in a decrease in pH during cooking, whereas muscles aged for longer time periods had an increase in pH during cooking. Moreover, aging decreased the degree of redness and increased myoglobin denaturation in the cooked product. Data suggest that one possible reason for pink discoloration in cooked turkey meat is reduced sensitivity of myoglobin to heat denaturation due to further processing before completion of the rigor process. RP Young, LL (reprint author), USDA,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5633,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 75 IS 1 BP 140 EP 143 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA TV346 UT WOS:A1996TV34600021 ER PT J AU Erb, HN Heinrichs, AJ Woods, RE Sischo, WM AF Erb, HN Heinrichs, AJ Woods, RE Sischo, WM TI Test-retest repeatability of the National Animal Health Monitoring System Dairy Heifer Health Report in New York and Pennsylvania, USA SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dairy; heifer; interview; questionnaire; repeatability AB We did a lest-retest study on 21 farms to assess the repeatability of the Dairy Heifer Health Report of the National Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project. The median retest interval was 42 days (range 14-63 days), retest interviewers were blinded as to responses on the first visits, and all date-specific questions were anchored to the dates of the first tests. The overall discrepancy percentage was 8.5% (95% CI 8.0-9.0). Individual farms had discrepancy percentages of 3.0-15.2%; 240 out of the 539 questions had no discrepancies at all, but 81 questions had more than four (out of 21 possible) discrepancies (lowest percentages among the 81: 24%; 95% lower confidence limit on 24%: 6%). Combining 'no' and 'not applicable' responses for six similarly worded questions in the Biosecurity section would reduce the overall questionnaire discrepancy percentage to 7.8% and would bring that section's discrepancy percentage down to 8.6%. The other discrepancy percentages by section were: Maternity Hygiene, 14.1%; Preweaning Hygiene, 4.8%; Disease Agents, 3.6%; Vaccination Practices, 12.1%; Preventive Practices, 16.8%. Discrepancy percentages did not differ importantly by type of question (independent, filter, or subordinate) or by type of response required (categorical, count, or measurement), Discrepancy percentages were independent of retest interviewer, test-retest interval and order of test within state (a proxy for time since training of the interviewers) but were correlated with herd size (r(sp) = 0.59). C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY & ANIM SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Erb, HN (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT CLIN SCI,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1016/0167-5877(95)00506-4 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TY817 UT WOS:A1996TY81700006 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JF Gobster, PH AF Dwyer, JF Gobster, PH BE Kuentzel, WF TI The implications of increased racial and ethnic diversity for recreation resource management, planning, and research SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1996 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Lyndon State Coll, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, New Hampshire Div Parks & Recreat, Penn State Univ, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Working Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, Univ Waterloo, USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Exptl Stn, Western Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, West Virginia Univ AB Increasing racial/ethnic diversity is an important consideration in recreation resource management. Research has provided useful insights into the needs of racial/ethnic minority groups but a comprehensive understanding of these important groups has yet to be developed. A cooperative approach among researchers, managers, and planners is critical to making significant progress towards meeting the recreation needs of racial/ethnic minority groups. RP Dwyer, JF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,845 CHICAGO AVE,SUITE 225,EVANSTON,IL 60202, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 232 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH57Z UT WOS:A1996BH57Z00001 ER PT J AU Dennis, DF AF Dennis, DF BE Kuentzel, WF TI National forest planning: Assessing public preferences for recreation strategies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1996 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Lyndon State Coll, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, New Hampshire Div Parks & Recreat, Penn State Univ, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Working Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, Univ Waterloo, USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Exptl Stn, Western Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, West Virginia Univ AB Conjoint techniques were used to assess and analyze public preferences associated with multiple-objective decisions involving timber harvesting, wildlife habitats, and three recreational opportunities: hiking, snowmobile use, and all-terrain-vehicle access on the Green Mountain National Forest in Vermont. The empirical results obtained from focus groups composed mostly of USDA Forest Service personnel illustrate the survey design and analytical capabilities. RP Dennis, DF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 232 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH57Z UT WOS:A1996BH57Z00018 ER PT J AU Cordell, HK Lewis, BR McDonald, BL Miles, M AF Cordell, HK Lewis, BR McDonald, BL Miles, M BE Kuentzel, WF TI National survey on recreation and the environment: Biasing effects of including a participation screening question SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1996 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Lyndon State Coll, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, New Hampshire Div Parks & Recreat, Penn State Univ, Soc Amer Foresters, Recreat Working Grp, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, Univ Waterloo, USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Exptl Stn, Western Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, West Virginia Univ AB National Survey on Recreation and the Environment (NSRE) is an interagency and private sector partnership undertaken to update the country's ongoing series of national recreation surveys. Data collection for the NSRE using phone sun a methods was begun in the winter of 1994 and concluded in April of 1995. Upon completion of data collection, a series of diagnostic procedures were conducted in an attempt to identify potential biases in the estimates of the proportion of the U.S. population that participated in outdoor recreation. One principal source of bias identified was a screening question employed to reduce questioning of persons who do not participate in any outdoor recreation activities. In comparison with other outdoor recreation participation surveys and with the 1982-1983 NRS, the NSRE with its screening question seemed to under estimate the proportion of the U.S. population that participated in one or more outdoor recreation activities in the 12 months prior to an interview. RP Cordell, HK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,ATHENS,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 J9 USDA NE EXP PY 1996 VL 232 BP 296 EP 300 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH57Z UT WOS:A1996BH57Z00053 ER PT B AU Ingram, CD AF Ingram, CD GP SAF SAF TI Future demand for forest resources: Defining our perspectives SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB Our forestry community is facing perhaps its greatest challenges today as we approach the new millennium. The dynamics of a changing resource base, increasing diversity of users and observers, conflicting paradigms, and the uncertainties of the future surround our forest resources with forces pulling from every direction. One perspective on the future demand for these resources will be presented, with an emphasis on the often conflicting objectives and common constraints we face as resource managers. Discussions of demographic, social, political, environmental, technological, and humanistic issues are presented in relation to the changing demand for forest resources in the next few decades. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Ingram, CD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900008 ER PT B AU Tkacz, BM AF Tkacz, BM GP SAF SAF TI Assessing pest risk from importation of wood products SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB There is an increasing interest in importing large volumes of unmanufactured wood articles into the United States from abroad. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is the government agency charged with preventing the introduction of exotic pests on plant material brought into the United States via international commerce. The Forest Service (FS) has provided assistance to APHIS in conducting pest risk assessments of the importation of logs from Russia, New Zealand, and Chile. This paper reviews the impacts of previous introductions of exotic forest pests, summarizes the process used for determining the risks associated with importation of wood products from abroad, and reviews the results of the pest risk assessments for Russia, New Zealand, and Chile. C1 Arizona Zone Entomol & Pathol, USDA Forest Serv, Wood Import Pest Risk Assessment Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Tkacz, BM (reprint author), Arizona Zone Entomol & Pathol, USDA Forest Serv, Wood Import Pest Risk Assessment Team, 2500 S Pineknoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900021 ER PT B AU Wallner, WE Burdsall, HH AF Wallner, WE Burdsall, HH GP SAF SAF TI Assessment of pest risk to United States forest resources from importation of unprocessed Pinus and Abies wood from Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB A recent assessment of the potential for introducing nonindigenous pests on conifer logs from Mexico revealed several organisms that pose serious risks to United States forests. From an initial list of 76 insects and diseases, 26 individual pest-risk assessments were conducted. Examples of those requiring potential mitigation procedures were: insects: Adelgids (several unknown species); long-horned grasshopper, Pterophylla beltrani, pine bark beetle, Dendroctonus mexicanus; fir bark beetle, Scolytus mundus; and subterranean termite, Coptotermes crassus; diseases: Root rots (Armillaria and Annosus), needle diseases, stem rusts, mistletoes (both dwarf and true), diplodia shoot blight, stains and vascular wilts, and pine pitch canker (Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini). The increasing interest of United States timber companies in wood resources "off shore" has led to a series of requests to import unprocessed wood. These requests have prompted the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) to ask the USDA Forest Service to provide technical assistance in assessing potential pest risks associated with such importation (see Tkacz, this publication). The Mexican wood importation request differed from previous assessments in that a general permit was issued to import wood articles without restriction from Mexican border states. Nonadjacent states of Mexico were subject to regulations under the Universal Importation Options that require logs to be debarked and heat treated to eliminate harmful pests. The biological justification for this proposed regulation needed verification. Hence, the "Assessment of Pest Risk to United States Forest Resources from Importation of Unprocessed Pinus and Abies wood from all of Mexico" was undertaken. Topography is known to dictate species distribution. Mexico has a number of mountain ranges and continental deserts that have maintained discrete ecosystem assemblages. These regions also have acted as natural barriers to the dispersal, survival, and colonization by plants and animals. The "Sky Islands," insular mountains of the southwestern borderlands, exemplify these isolated complexes. Thus, extraction and transport of logs with attendant pests could breach these natural barriers and increase the risk of relocating organisms both within Mexico and into the United States. Fundamental to the pest-risk process is an understanding of the forests of Mexico and their ownership. There are some 50 million ha of forests, 25 million ha of which are coniferous or mixed conifers, principally pine (72 spp.) They account for 90% of the softwood production whereas firs (6 spp.) account for less than 10%. Oaks (150 spp.) are not heavily utilized despite their abundance because of processing and market limitations. Approximately 80% of Mexican forests are communally owned by ejidos and communales; decisions and profits are shared among their members. Of the remaining forest land, 15% is privately owned and 5% is held publicly, largely as national parks or preserves. Following are the insect and pathogen pests perceived to be critical to APHIS's quarantine/mitigation evaluation process. These were selected for assessment based on literature surveys, opinion of Mexican and United States entomologists and pathologists, and observations and communications obtained during a Geld visit to Mexico by the risk assessment team. It is impossible to predict with certainty which insect will become a pest if introduced. Certainty, if the host-plant genera in the native country are comparable to those bf a potential receiving country, the pest should be considered as a serious threat. Past experience has demonstrated that even benign organisms in their native habitat can become major pests when introduced into a new environment. This uncertainty was addressed using a generic pest risk assessment (Orr et al. 1993) by analyzing specific pests nonindigenous to the United States and the niches they occupy. By focusing on those found on, in, or under bark, or in the wood of unprocessed logs, mitigation procedures can be developed and implemented. Initially, a list of 76 insects and diseases was selected and sent to more than 100 scientific workers for comment. From this list, 26 individual pest risk assessments for Pinus spp. (12 for insects and nine for pathogens) and five individual risk assessments for Abies were undertaken (Tables 1-3). Following is a discussion of some of these organisms that warrant mitigation consideration by APHIS. C1 Northeastern Ctr Forest Hlth Res, USDA FS, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Wallner, WE (reprint author), Northeastern Ctr Forest Hlth Res, USDA FS, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 112 EP 115 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900022 ER PT B AU Blanche, CA Knowles, RL Middlemiss, PG Brown, MA AF Blanche, CA Knowles, RL Middlemiss, PG Brown, MA GP SAF SAF TI Agroforestry economic model for the US family farm: A decision support system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB The objective of this paper is to chronicle the development and potential of an agroforestry decision support system for the United States family farm to assess the physical and financial consequences of an agroforestry system of choice. The model is a stand alone Windows application and allows output to be saved in spreadsheet format for further analysis as deemed necessary by the user. It is capable of handling a wide range of crop types and management options including multiple understory profiles. It requires five categorical inputs: farm accounts, planting and felling areas, labor costs, tree yield tables, and understory profiles. The model presents to be a very valuable planning tool for family farms whose goals are to enhance profitability and sustainability. Model outputs, based on a 200 acre farm, are presented for illustration purposes. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Family Farm Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Blanche, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Family Farm Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900024 ER PT B AU Johnson, MA AF Johnson, MA GP SAF SAF TI Changed Southwest forests: Resource effects and management remedies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB Over 150 years of occupancy by northern Europeans has markedly changed vegetative conditions in the Southwest. Less fire due to grazing and fire suppression triggered a shift to forests with very high tree densities, which in turn contributed to destructive forest fires. Options to deal with these changes include prescribed fire, thinning and timber harvest to mimic natural disturbances and conditions. However, there are barriers to implementing these activities on a scale large enough to have a significant benefit. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Johnson, MA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 517 Gold Av SW, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 140 EP 149 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900027 ER PT B AU Klopatek, CC Murphy, K Conant, R Obst, J Davis, M Klopatek, JM AF Klopatek, CC Murphy, K Conant, R Obst, J Davis, M Klopatek, JM GP SAF SAF TI Influence of potential climate change on carbon flux and cycling in semiarid systems: Effects on belowground sustainability SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters ID PINYON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SOIL; DIOXIDE; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE; SCIENCE; FOREST AB The objective of our research is to measure changes in ecosystem properties and processes along an environmental gradient controlled by temperature and available moisture. For this study we quantified C pool sizes, cycling and relative sequestering rates and evaluated them along a climatic gradient. In semiarid systems, the predominant source of organic C to the soil compartment is due to plant litter decomposition. Inputs and outputs of C are thought to be controlled or influenced by abiotic factors including temperature, moisture, soil structure, and litter. Our results indicate that litter quality and moisture, not temperature, are the major controlling variables in decomposition. Furthermore, changes in the amount and periodicity of precipitation have a greater effect on both carbon pools and fluxes than temperature. These results suggest that slight variations in precipitation patterns resulting from a potential change in climate may greatly effect long-term C storage and turnover in Southwestern ecosystems. C1 Arizona State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Dept Microbiol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Klopatek, CC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Dept Microbiol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 156 EP 163 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900029 ER PT B AU La Farge, T AF La Farge, T GP SAF SAF TI Ecosystem restorations in the southeast: The genetic component SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB The genetic resources of two species critical for ecosystem restoration in the Southern Region of the USDA Forest Service, longleaf pine and northern red oak, are being tested and managed so that their genetic diversity may be maintained and enhanced. A low intensity approach to breeding that emphasizes maintenance of genetic diversity is being implemented. Adaptive traits as well as those relating to growth and yield are being evaluated, thereby addressing a broad array of ecosystem objectives, including commodity production. This work is based on the assumption that genetic diversity is an essential component of ecosystem management, and ommission of the genetic component in ecosystem management is done only at the peril of our forest tree resources. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Atlanta, GA 30367 USA. RP La Farge, T (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 1720 Peachtree Rd NW, Atlanta, GA 30367 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900038 ER PT B AU Mahalovich, MF AF Mahalovich, MF GP SAF SAF TI Forest health as affected by genetic and silvicultural practices SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB Common ground between geneticists and silviculturists can facilitate achieving improved forest health. Applying seed transfer guidelines based on adaptive traits minimize losses typically associated with off-site material such as poor survival, suceptibility to insect and disease problems, reduced growth and vigor, and poor form. Under natural regeneration constraints, pollen from off-site material contaminates native gene pools. High-intensity tree improvement programs involving selection and breeding for disease resistance paired with aggressive planting programs, improves forest health conditions by restoring western white pine. Integrated disease management of western white pine will also increase the component of this species in the Inland Northwest by merging genetic technologies in reforestation and timber stand improvement. Genetics is another tool to add to the list of common prescriptions of prescribed fire, intermediate harvests, salvage logging, and broadcast spraying of pesticides, to improve forest health conditions in Inland West forests. C1 US Forest Serv, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Mahalovich, MF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900039 ER PT B AU Howe, GE AF Howe, GE GP SAF SAF TI The role of genetics and silviculture in ecosystem management SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Howe, GE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 210 EP 210 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900041 ER PT B AU Camp, AE Everett, RL AF Camp, AE Everett, RL GP SAF SAF TI Fire, insects, and pathogens: Managing risk in late-successional reserves SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB The amount of late-successional habitat that can be sustained on a landscape is a function of disturbances operating in that landscape. Dynamic forest ecosystems on the east slope of the Washington Cascades are subject to disturbances that constrain supportable amounts of late-successional forest. Packing additional late-successional forest on the Landscape may lead to catastrophic events. With implementation of the Northwest Forest Plan, the question becomes "how can we increase late-successional habitat without increasing the potential for losing that increase as well as base amounts in a future catastrophic disturbance?" Recent research suggests topography and physiography provide a template for developing sustainable landscape vegetation patterns. The Wenatchee National Forest completed an assessment of Late-Successional Reserves (LSRs) on the forest to determine where vegetation patterns contributed to risk of losing late-successional habitat to insects, pathogens, and fires. Risk profiles were developed to determine amounts and patterns of at-risk vegetation within each reserve; use of GIS allowed spatial analysis of risk and decision keys were developed to help managers identify areas where management could reduce risk. Treatment options for meeting specific objectives included diagnostic criteria for selecting treatment areas and anticipated post-treatment results to assist future monitoring. Administrative fragmentation of landscapes is addressed, and an emphasized use approach proposed as one option for conserving biodiversity at larger scales than land-use allocations such as LSRs, and conserving disturbance effects within and among adjacent allocations. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Camp, AE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 216 EP 221 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900044 ER PT B AU Byler, JW Hagle, SK Zack, AC Kegley, SJ Randall, CSB AF Byler, JW Hagle, SK Zack, AC Kegley, SJ Randall, CSB GP SAF SAF TI Successional functions of pathogens, insects and fire in intermountain forests: General discussion and a case history from northern Idaho white pine forests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB Our view of pathogens, insects and fire is changing. We examined the successional functions of these agents in western white pine forests of the Coeur d'Alene River Basin in Idaho, past and present. They acted in a complementary manner to regulate the outcomes of successional processes in pre-European forests. Successional patterns were changed dramatically with the introduction of white pine blister rust and other human activities. For management to be effective, we must better align management activities with those of pathogens, insects and fire. There are abundant opportunities for the interaction of fire, pathology and entomology in analysis of ecological function. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Coeur Alene, ID 83814 USA. RP Byler, JW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 3815 Schreiber Way, Coeur Alene, ID 83814 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 228 EP 232 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900046 ER PT B AU Dennis, DF AF Dennis, DF GP SAF SAF TI Assessment and analysis of public inputs to ecosystem management decisions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB National forest managers and planners need a means to solicit and analyze public preferences and values. A conjoint ranking survey was designed to solicit public preferences for various levels of timber harvesting, wildlife habitats, hiking trails, snowmobile use, and all-terrain-vehicle access on the Green Mountain National Forest. The survey was tested on groups composed of USDA Forest Service research and support staff. Although data collected during the focus-group sessions do not represent public preferences, they illustrate the analytical capabilities. An ordered probit model was used to estimate linear and quadratic main-effect components. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Forest Expt Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Dennis, DF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Forest Expt Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900051 ER PT B AU Twery, MJ AF Twery, MJ GP SAF SAF TI NED: A set of tools for managing nonindustrial private forests in the East SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB NED is a collection of software tools created to help resource managers develop goals, assess current and future conditions, and produce management plans for forests in the eastern United States. The tools are being developed by the USDA Forest Service in cooperation with many others. Included in the set of programs are the Forest Stewardship Planning Guide (a goal exploration tool for landowners and the public), NED/SIPS (the Stand Inventory Processor and Simulator), NEWILD (a wildlife-habitat evaluation tool), NED-Health (a forest-health information organizer), and NED-1 (a comprehensive analysis program for comparing current and desired conditions). C1 US Forest Serv, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Twery, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 705 Spear St,POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900053 ER PT B AU Gustafson, EJ AF Gustafson, EJ GP SAF SAF TI HARVEST: A timber harvest allocation model for simulating management alternatives SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters ID LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; FOREST AB Management planners are faced with multiple challenges, including concerns for biological diversity, and the need to consider the spatial configuration of landscapes. To meet these challenges, there is a need for spatially explicit modeling tools to assess the long-term spatial consequences of alternative management strategies. I illustrate the utility of a timber harvest allocation model (HARVEST) that provides a visual and quantitative means to predict the spatial pattern of forest openings produced on a landscape managed under alternative harvest strategies. The model was used to simulate alternative published Plans for the Hoosier National Forest (HNF) in southern Indiana, and to investigate alternative paradigms for increasing timber production and reducing forest fragmentation. Marked differences in the amount of forest interior and edge over time resulted from the alternative Plans. Simulation of a progressive cutting strategy (dynamic zoning) demonstrated that forest fragmentation could be reduced by clustering harvest activity in space and time, even when timber production was increased. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900054 ER PT B AU Greer, KD AF Greer, KD GP SAF SAF TI Spectrum: A decision support tool for ecosystem planning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB Spectrum is a computer based analytical tool designed to assist land managers with strategic planning. It is developed jointly by staff at the USDA Forest Service Ecosystem Management Analysis Center and researchers at the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, both located in Fort Collins, Colorado. With Spectrum, managers are able to model alternative resource management scenarios through time and use mathematical programming techniques to schedule management actions which best meet their objectives. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, WO Ecosyst Management Anal Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Greer, KD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, WO Ecosyst Management Anal Ctr, 3825 E Mulberry St, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900055 ER PT B AU Larson, MJ AF Larson, MJ GP SAF SAF TI Forest land organization and management: Is the timber stand outmoded? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB The concept of stands may become an obsolete way of thinking about forest land organization and management. The suggestion is examined and several reasons why this may not be so are offered. The utility of using stands for long term projections of forest conditions is questioned, and serious reservations about the concept of long term projections are raised. It is predicted that stand is and will remain as a useful concept in forest organization and management. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Larson, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 517 Gold Ave SW, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900059 ER PT B AU Alig, R AF Alig, R GP SAF SAF TI Projecting land use shifts involving timberland: Multi-sector approaches SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB Timberland has decreased by about 20 million acres In the U.S. since 1952. Although some of the forest area has been converted to urban and developed uses, larger amounts of land exchanges have taken place between forest and agriculture uses as product market and policy conditions have changed. Public policies aimed at one sector can have impacts, either expected or inadvertent, on the other. Many past studies have examined policy impacts by either: (i) ignoring spillovers from the other sector, or (ii) simply "adding up" impacts across the two sectors, ignoring feedbacks or interactions through the markets for land. To examine intersectoral competition for land, we developed a linked model of the U.S. forest and agriculture sectors that has both land use and forest management investment as endogenous decisions. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alig, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 326 EP 331 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900063 ER PT B AU Bevers, M AF Bevers, M GP SAF SAF TI The need for spatial optimization in modeling land capability: A black-footed ferret case example SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters ID HARVEST AB The response of resources to land management practices is sensitive to the resulting spatial mosaic of ecosystem components on the landscape. When spatial resource interactions and other complex system dynamics are negligible, optimization modeling has proven to be one of our most effective methods for estimating tradeoffs in land capability resulting from management activities. In many cases, however, complex ecosystem dynamics cannot reasonably be ignored. This is particularly true for highly mobile resources such as wildlife populations or stormwater runoff, for which spatial arrangement of management actions on the landscape can be quite important. Consequently, we have a powerful motivation for developing spatial optimization models that incorporate more complex ecosystem dynamics, yet are suitable for addressing real-world natural resource management problems. This paper presents a spatial modeling problem and results from a pioneering case study in which habitat critical to successful reintroduction of captive-bred black-footed ferrets on public Lands in South Dakota was optimally located over time for a variety of management alternatives using linear programming. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bevers, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 240 West, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 332 EP 337 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900064 ER PT B AU Ingram, CD Buongiorno, J AF Ingram, CD Buongiorno, J GP SAF SAF TI Income and diversity tradeoffs from management of natural forests: A case study of mixed lowland dipterocarps SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters ID TREE DIVERSITY; GROWTH AB Southeast Asian forest management systems were evaluated for their economic returns and diversity Of tree size and species. Three existing management options were compared to constrained optimum regimes using multiple criteria to measure diversity and economic benefits. Management regimes gave similar relative economic and diversity performance in the steady-state (long-run) and during convergence (short-run), for stands with either high or low initial basal area. To a great extent the ability to harvest heavily and early rn the conversion period determined the economic performance of a management regime. A good compromise regime between economics and diversity would maintain some trees in all size and species classes after removing mostly 30-to 40-cm trees of dipterocarps and nondipterocarps every 10 years. Financial returns would be comparable to those of other Investments in the region and some existing practices, with higher tree diversity. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Ingram, CD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 350 EP 355 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900067 ER PT B AU Shields, DJ Kent, BM Martin, WE Wise, HA AF Shields, DJ Kent, BM Martin, WE Wise, HA GP SAF SAF TI Incorporating stakeholder objectives in the forest planning process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB We discuss a hierarchical model of ecosystem management within which stakeholder objectives for public lands are elicited and linked directly to measures of ecosystem and community status and functioning. Objectives hierarchies are introduced and abbreviated versions of those built for two stakeholders of the San Juan National Forest are provided. Alternative types of measurable attributes are discussed, and potential uses for objectives and attribute information are considered. We argue that the objectives hierarchy process can effectively support the goal of incorporating stakeholders into the planning process. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Shields, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 366 EP 371 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900070 ER PT B AU Oye, GA AF Oye, GA GP SAF SAF TI Monuments of time - An international tourism corridor linking the Cascade volcanoes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB As part of the strategic plan for the 90's, the Chief of the Forest Service has recommended increased emphasis on tourism as a way to assist with rural economic diversification. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of creating an international tourism corridor along the Cascade volcano range. Individuals from local land management agencies and business organizations were interviewed to determine current isolated tourism efforts, current networking efforts, and potential for increased coordination. Many of the rural communities along the Cascade volcano range are attempting to emphasize amenity resources and tourism. Greater benefit could be realized if the communities adopt a coordinated common theme approach to tourism. C1 US Forest Serv, Pleasant Hill, CA 94253 USA. RP Oye, GA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 2245 Morello Ave, Pleasant Hill, CA 94253 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 401 EP 405 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900076 ER PT B AU Spear, SJ AF Spear, SJ GP SAF SAF TI A market analysis study on the North Kaibab and Tusayan Ranger Districts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB The North Kaibab and Tusayan Ranger Districts on the Kaibab National Forest receive intensive recreation use from visitors to Grand Canyon National Park. All current developed recreation facilities are full to capacity through the summer season. The Kaibab National Forest needed to determine the types of recreation opportunities that best meets visitor demand. A market analysis study was selected to collect information from visitors on preferred facilities, services, experience settings, and activities. The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classifications were used as a basis for experience markets. Current activity participation and demand for hotel rooms, public and private campsites were estimated and projected to 2005 based on projected visitation for Grand Canyon National Park. Study findings indicate visitors are attracted to the North Kaibab Ranger District/GCNP North Rim to enjoy the natural environment in a relatively undeveloped or slightly developed recreational setting. This paper presents the conceptual basis of the market analysis study, reports the major findings related to overnight accomodations demand, and describes how the study data is being utilized In recreation planning efforts. C1 US Forest Serv, Fredonia, AZ 86022 USA. RP Spear, SJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 248,N Kaibab Ranger Dist, Fredonia, AZ 86022 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 406 EP 411 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900077 ER PT B AU Dix, ME Hodges, L Harrell, MO Wright, RJ Brandle, JR Johnson, RJ Case, RM Hubbard, KG Tichnor, K AF Dix, ME Hodges, L Harrell, MO Wright, RJ Brandle, JR Johnson, RJ Case, RM Hubbard, KG Tichnor, K GP SAF SAF TI Does tree shelter influence foliage arthropod abundance in alfalfa?' SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Dix, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 412 EP 413 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900078 ER PT B AU Hornbeck, JW Lawrence, GB AF Hornbeck, JW Lawrence, GB GP SAF SAF TI Eastern forest fires can have long-term impacts on nitrogen cycling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB A study was conducted to determine differences in nitrogen cycling processes between an upland forested site that had burned in 1820, and adjacent sites that had escaped burning. The results suggest a possible explanation for the absence of nitrate (NO3-) in streamwater draining from the study area. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hornbeck, JW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 435 EP 436 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900089 ER PT B AU Dennis, DF Sendak, PE AF Dennis, DF Sendak, PE GP SAF SAF TI Analysis of stumpage price trends in New Hampshire and Vermont SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters C1 NE Forest Expt Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Dennis, DF (reprint author), NE Forest Expt Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 444 EP 445 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900093 ER PT B AU King, SL AF King, SL GP SAF SAF TI Logistic regression vs. neural networks for predicting individual-tree mortality SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB It is difficult to predict noncatastrophic mortality of individual trees because the characteristics of a dying tree are not always evident in measured variables. Although one of the most important considerations in managing forest stands, mortality prediction has been described as perhaps the weakest link in growth and yield simulators. Logistic regression was compared with neural networks for predicting the probability of mortality in 21 species groups. The data were collected by the Northeastern Forest Inventory and Analysis (NEFIA) unit of the USDA Forest Service from remeasured permanent plots in West Virginia. Neural networks provided superior results for the model data set, but the two procedures provided similar results for the validation data set. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, 100 Matsonford Rd,5 Radnor Corp Ctr,Ste 200, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 448 EP 450 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900095 ER PT B AU Ghent, JH Twardus, DB Cumming, AB Thomas, SJ Gottschalk, KW Barry, JW AF Ghent, JH Twardus, DB Cumming, AB Thomas, SJ Gottschalk, KW Barry, JW GP SAF SAF TI GypsES - Decision support for gypsy moth managers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB For the last five years a focused effort has been undertaken by the USDA Forest Service in the development and refinement of a decision support system for gypsy moth management. This system, called GypsES, contains mapping capabilities, database management, a forest stand damage prediction model, and the USDA Forest Service aerial spray prediction model FSCBG for the prediction of deposit and drift effects from gypsy moth spray projects. GypsES is being developed by the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station and State & Private Forestry represented by the Northeastern Area, Region 8 and Washington Office Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team - Davis. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Asheville, NC USA. RP Ghent, JH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Asheville, NC USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 451 EP 452 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900096 ER PT B AU Barry, JW Richardson, B Teske, ME Ray, JW AF Barry, JW Richardson, B Teske, ME Ray, JW GP SAF SAF TI SpraySafe Manager - A decision support system for aerial application of herbicides in forestry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB Assessing risk to a sensitive organism, and calculating buffer zone dimensions, require not only a prediction of the level of exposure but also knowledge of the biological response of the organism to the specified herbicide dose. SpraySafe Manager (SSM), a collaborative development of the New Zealand Forest Research Institute (FRI) and the USDA Forest Service, has addressed these problems by integrating FSCBG with models of plant response to herbicide application. With a simple, user-friendly interface, SSM allows users to calculate buffer distances based upon biological response data, and to rapidly determine biological and economic consequences of any application spray scenario. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, FHTET, Davis, CA USA. RP Barry, JW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, FHTET, Davis, CA USA. RI Richardson, Brian/B-9822-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 453 EP 454 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900097 ER PT B AU Ostry, ME AF Ostry, ME GP SAF SAF TI Expansion of poplar farming: A cautionary note SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters ID POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; 1ST REPORT; EPIDEMIC AB Growing hybrid poplars (Populus spp.) under short rotation intensive forestry management practices is increasing in many parts of North America. High yields of wood fiber or biomass for energy production are possible through the use of genetically improved fast-growing hybrid poplar clones and cultural practices similar to those used with agricultural crops. However, similar to agricultural crops, poplars planted in large numbers across the landscape are vulnerable to insect and disease outbreaks. Several pathogens commonly found on native poplars where they do not seriously harm trees have increased to damaging epidemic levels in hybrid poplar plantations. In addition, species and races of several poplar pathogens vary within regions of the United States. Poplars growing in one region may not be resistant to these pathogens should the fungi accidentally be introduced into a new region either on planting stock or by moving across natural "bridges" created by large plantings of poplars "connecting" various regions. The possibility exists that a newly introduced pathogen species or race could be a threat to the local native poplars lacking resistance. We need to exercise care in moving poplar material not only from outside, but also within the United States to new regions until we have a better understanding of the distribution and pathogenic variation of poplar pathogen populations. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ostry, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 461 EP 462 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900101 ER PT B AU McWilliams, WH Griffith, DM AF McWilliams, WH Griffith, DM GP SAF SAF TI Forest resources of Maine: 1982 to 1995 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB The USDA Forest Service's Northeastern Forest Inventory and Analysis project recently completed an inventory of forest resources of Maine. The results of the inventory documented many changes in forest character that have occurred over the 13 years since the prior inventory. The area of timberland has remained stable, the volume of growing-stock trees decreased by 7 percent, and the current growth-to-removals ratio for the growing-stock portion of the inventory is 0.8:1.0. Much of the change has centered around the dynamics of spruce/fir forests of northern Maine. Of concern is a 41-percent decrease in the volume of balsam fir growing stock and a 28-percent decrease in red spruce growing stock. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Radnor Corp Ctr 5, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. RP McWilliams, WH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Radnor Corp Ctr 5, Suite 200, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 467 EP 468 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900104 ER PT B AU Blanche, CA Pearson, HA AF Blanche, CA Pearson, HA GP SAF SAF TI Competition control influences survival and growth of southern pines planted in fescue, fescue-legume and Bermudagrass pastures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB Competition control is critical in attaining a satisfactory level of pine seedling survival and growth, especially in pastures where some forage species are known to exhibit allelopathic influence on woody plants. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of various competition control methods on southern pine establishment with different pasture types. Competition control treatments (herbicide, mow/mulch, and cultivate) significantly increased pine height growth over the controls during the first four years. The cultivate treatment caused the highest survival rate in all the species. With respect to species, longleaf pine survival rate (29%) was significantly lower than loblolly and shortleaf pine survival rates (81% for both). Forage production was unaffected by competition control treatments but it did decline during the time of pine establishment. C1 Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Blanche, CA (reprint author), Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 469 EP 470 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900105 ER PT B AU Busby, RL Thomas, CE Lohrey, RE AF Busby, RL Thomas, CE Lohrey, RE GP SAF SAF TI Profitable longleaf pine plantations: The South's best kept secret SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. RP Busby, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 701 Loyola, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 478 EP 479 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900109 ER PT B AU Lundquist, JE Geils, BW Ward, PJ AF Lundquist, JE Geils, BW Ward, PJ GP SAF SAF TI Impact of forest diseases on small-mammal prey of the Mexican spotted owl SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB Studies were conducted in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico to examine if and how forest diseases and other small-scale disturbances influence the abundance and distribution of small mammal prey of the Mexican spotted owl. Diseases largely occurred concurrently as complexes with other disturbance agents, and these interactions were reflected in the structure of the canopy and composition of coarse woody debris and re-colonizing vegetation. The spatial distribution and abundance of five small mammal prey species were characterized and their associations with specific diseases and other disturbance agents were analyzed. Results suggest that different prey species responded differently to conditions created by various disturbance agents. Mexican woodrats, for example, avoided disturbed areas. Mexican voles, long-tailed voles, and brush mice showed a preference for size, cause and character of disturbance. Deer mice were found both within and outside disturbed areas. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lundquist, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 482 EP 483 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900110 ER PT B AU Lundquist, JE AF Lundquist, JE GP SAF SAF TI Assessing endemic forest disease conditions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS CONVENTION: DIVERSE FORESTS, ABUNDANT OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVOLVING REALITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY NOV 09-13, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Soc Amer Foresters AB Pest management strategies are often based on knowledge of the dynamics of target pests. Knowledge of the dynamics of forest diseases and insects is derived mostly from research on epidemics or outbreaks. Much less is known about these pests during endemics, when their impact is restricted naturally by interactions with other components of the ecosystem. Commonly used assessment methods may not be sensitive enough to measure subtle changes in stand conditions caused by endemic diseases and insects. In this study, we examine the utility of using computer-simulated landscapes and profiling using disturbance indices based on GIS spatial analysis for evaluating the temporal and spatial distribution and spread of root diseases as gap-causing agents. Results suggest that spatial models and multi-variate analyses might be useful for characterizing and assessing relatively subtle impacts of disease and disease complexes during endemic conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lundquist, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-69-4 PY 1996 BP 484 EP 485 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP68M UT WOS:000085856900111 ER PT J AU Schauff, ME Evans, GA Heraty, JM AF Schauff, ME Evans, GA Heraty, JM TI A pictorial guide to the species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitic on whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE biological control; Aphelinidae; Aleyrodidae; Encarsia; parasite AB The 27 species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) occurring in North America (including Mexico) and attacking whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) are treated. Each species is keyed and illustrated. A separate diagnosis, list of hosts, and summary of distribution are provided. RP Schauff, ME (reprint author), MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,MRC 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 98 IS 1 BP 1 EP 35 PG 35 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TZ766 UT WOS:A1996TZ76600001 ER PT J AU Miller, DR AF Miller, DR TI Checklist of the scale insects (Coccoidea: Homoptera) of Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE scale insect; Coccoidea; scale; mealybug; armored scale; soft scale; systematics; taxonomy; Mexico AB The checklist includes 515 species-group names including 5 Aclerdidae, 11 Asterolecaniidae, 3 Cerococcidae, 63 Coccidae, 2 Conchaspididae, 4 Dactylopiidae, 224 Diaspididae, 15 Eriococcidae, 3 Halimococcidae, 4 Kermesidae, 5 Lecanodiaspididae, 20 Margarodidae, 16 Ortheziidae, 132 Pseudococcidae, and 8 Tachardiidae. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BLDG 046,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 98 IS 1 BP 68 EP 86 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TZ766 UT WOS:A1996TZ76600007 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera) in the eastern United States: Seasonal flight activity, distributions, hosts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Trigonalyidae; Trigonalidae; parasitoids; North America; seasonal activity; distributions; hosts AB Three of the four Nearctic species of Trigonalyidae occur in the eastern United States, Orthogonalys pulchella (Cresson), Taeniogonalos gundlachii (Cresson) (= Poecilogonalos costalis (Cresson)), and Lycogaster pullata Shuckard. Seasonal flight data is determined from collections of 4272 specimens from eight study sites in Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Orthogonalys pulchella and T. gundlachii flights begin in mid-May and peak in June and the first of July, but both species are present in low numbers through the first of October. The flight period of L. pullata could not be determined. Identification, distributions, hosts, and habitats are reviewed for each species. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,MRC 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 98 IS 1 BP 109 EP 118 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TZ766 UT WOS:A1996TZ76600011 ER PT J AU Hicks, AL Whitcomb, RF AF Hicks, AL Whitcomb, RF TI Diversity of the leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) fauna of northern Chihuahuan grasslands, with emphasis on gypsum grasslands and description of a new species of Athysanella (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE leafhopper; grassland; gypsum; ecology AB Extensive areas of the northern Chihuahuan Desert of southeastern New Mexico and adjacent Texas have gypsum (gyp) outcroppings. The plant communities of these regions contain a mixture of gypsum-tolerant plants characteristic of the semiarid grasslands surrounding the gyp islands, and plants endemic to or characteristic of and attaining highest abundance in gyp areas. The insularity of the gyp formations provides an ideal situation for insect as well as plant evolution. Collections were made on 37 dominant or subdominant perennial grasses of the region. Twelve generalists and 54 specialist leafhopper species were recorded. The leafhopper diversity of the grasslands is explained by the existence of a large number of perennial grass hosts. Two of the hosts, gyp grama (Bouteloua breviseta) and gyp dropseed (Sporobolus nealleyi) account for three of the specialists, which are therefore endemic to gyp grasslands. One of these specialists is Athysanella (Athysanella) blockeri, n. sp., taken from gyp grama, Bouteloua breviseta, and is described herein. Other leafhopper-grass host relationships in the New Mexico-Texas grasslands studied, on both gyp and nongyp soils, were similar to those of adjacent vegetational regions. RP Hicks, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 98 IS 1 BP 145 EP 157 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TZ766 UT WOS:A1996TZ76600016 ER PT B AU Perry, RW Tappe, PA Peitz, DG Thill, RE Melchoirs, MA Wigley, TB AF Perry, RW Tappe, PA Peitz, DG Thill, RE Melchoirs, MA Wigley, TB BE Eversole, AG TI A comparison of snap traps for evaluating small mammal populations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTIETH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 05-09, 1996 CL HOT SPRINGS, AR SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB We compared rat, mouse, and museum special snap traps to determine if differences existed in capture efficiency of small mammals and whether type of trap affected indices of richness, evenness, and diversity. Small mammals were trapped in 57 streamside study areas in 1990 to 1995 in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas. Efficiency of mouse traps was equal to or greater than that of museum special traps in capturing all small mammal species. Rat traps were most efficient for capturing the 2 largest small mammal species recorded, the eastern wood rat (Neotoma floridana) and the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus). We found no difference among the types of traps in their susceptibility to being inadvertently sprung by extrinsic factors such as rain. Mean species richness, evenness, and diversity did not differ among trap types. A combination of mouse and rat traps increased species richness and diversity over mouse traps alone. A combination of mouse, rat, and museum special traps did not greatly increase any community measure relative to the mouse and rat trap combination. We conclude that use of museum special traps for sampling small mammals is unnecessary unless the objective is to acquire museum specimens. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 1996 BP 280 EP 286 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Forestry; Zoology SC Fisheries; Forestry; Zoology GA BK97A UT WOS:000073965500030 ER PT B AU Loeb, SC AF Loeb, SC BE Eversole, AG TI Effectiveness of flying squirrel excluder devices on red-cockaded woodpecker cavities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTIETH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 05-09, 1996 CL HOT SPRINGS, AR SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB I tested the effectiveness of squirrel excluder devices (SQEDs) in deterring southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) from using artificial red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavities by placing them on approximately one-half of the cavities in 14 inactive recruitment clusters on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. SQEDs consisted of 2 pieces of 35.5-cm wide aluminum flashing placed 7.6 cm above and below the cavity entrance. Cavities with (N = 37) and without (N = 35) SQEDs were checked once per month from February 1995 to January 1996; all flying squirrels found in cavities were removed and destroyed. Cavities with and without SQEDs did not differ in cavity height (P = 0.70), distance to first branch 21 m in length (P = 0.09), distance to the nearest tree (P = 0.29), number of trees within 8 m (P = 0.82), or previous use by flying squirrels (P = 0.67). Flying squirrels used cavities without SQEDs throughout the year and occupied 5.7% to 38.2% of the cavities/month. in contrast, only 1 flying squirrel was found in a cavity with a SQED; thus, SQEDs effectively impeded flying squirrels from using red-cockaded woodpecker cavities and should be considered a tool in red-cockaded woodpecker management where flying squirrels are a potential threat to population stability or expansion. C1 Clemson Univ, So Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv,Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, So Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv,Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 1996 BP 303 EP 311 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Forestry; Zoology SC Fisheries; Forestry; Zoology GA BK97A UT WOS:000073965500033 ER PT J AU Baumgras, JE AF Baumgras, JE BE Blinn, CR Thompson, MA TI Environmental concerns affecting forest operations on public lands in the central Appalachians SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING FOREST OPERATIONS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE FORESTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 COFE/IUFRO Joint Meeting on Planning and Implementing Forest Operations to Achieve Sustainable Forests CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1996 CL MARQUETTE, MI SP Council Forest Engn, Int Union Forestry Res Org, UWSDA Forest Serv, N Cent Stn, Univ Minnesota, SISU Valmet Inc, Mead Paper Co, Stone Container Corp, Champion Int Corp, USDA Forest Serv, Hiawatha Natl Forest, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Timberline Equipment, Quadco Equipment Inc, Timbco Equipment Inc, Harvest Syst Inc DE forest planning; timber harvesting; environmental impacts AB Located in the central Appalachians, the Monongahela National Forest contains a variety of forested ecosystems that provide abundant supplies of high-quality hardwood timber and extensive recreational opportunities. Efforts to sustain these forested ecosystems have created a complex array of environmental concerns that affect forest operations. The 1986 Land and Resource Management Plan for the Monongahela identified several important areas of concern related to wildlife habitat, recreation, and water quality. Land-management objectives and prescriptions for addressing these concerns are discussed with respect to constraints on forest operations and the need to plan forest operations on broad spatial and temporal scales, apply conventional harvesting systems carefully, and identify opportunities to apply alternative harvesting systems. RP Baumgras, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1996 VL 186 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BG79A UT WOS:A1996BG79A00006 ER PT J AU Huyler, NK LeDoux, CB AF Huyler, NK LeDoux, CB BE Blinn, CR Thompson, MA TI Cut-to-length harvesting on a small woodlot in new England: A case study SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING FOREST OPERATIONS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE FORESTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 COFE/IUFRO Joint Meeting on Planning and Implementing Forest Operations to Achieve Sustainable Forests CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1996 CL MARQUETTE, MI SP Council Forest Engn, Int Union Forestry Res Org, UWSDA Forest Serv, N Cent Stn, Univ Minnesota, SISU Valmet Inc, Mead Paper Co, Stone Container Corp, Champion Int Corp, USDA Forest Serv, Hiawatha Natl Forest, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Timberline Equipment, Quadco Equipment Inc, Timbco Equipment Inc, Harvest Syst Inc DE cut-to-length; harvesting; thinning; small woodlot; ecosystem wildlife; logging AB This paper presents results from a case study of a cut-to-length (CTL) harvester with a forwarding system used on a small suburban woodlot. It was a cooperative effort between the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station; the Vermont Department of Forest, Parks and Recreation; and the Colchester School District, Colchester, Vermont, to demonstrate that using a CTL harvester with forwarding to thin small suburban woodlots, municipal parks, and environmentally sensitive areas is feasible. The average productivity of the harvester was about 49.88 m(3)/8-hour day, within the range that the operator had experienced on similar sites and on larger commercial operations. If we assign two product value levels of $12.95/m(3) and $17.88/m(3), the break-even tree size was 0.176 m(3) and 0.136 m(3), respectively. Other considerations in using the CTL system on small suburban woodlots, such as profitable tree size, ecosystem sustainability, and environmental concerns are discussed. RP Huyler, NK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,BURLINGTON,VT, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1996 VL 186 BP 102 EP 108 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BG79A UT WOS:A1996BG79A00015 ER PT B AU Sturos, JA Thompson, MA Blinn, CR Dahlman, RA AF Sturos, JA Thompson, MA Blinn, CR Dahlman, RA BE Blinn, CR Thompson, MA TI Cable yarding as a low-impact alternative on sensitive slits in the lake states SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING FOREST OPERATIONS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE FORESTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 COFE/IUFRO Joint Meeting on Planning and Implementing Forest Operations to Achieve Sustainable Forests CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1996 CL MARQUETTE, MI SP Council Forest Engn, Int Union Forestry Res Org, UWSDA Forest Serv, N Cent Stn, Univ Minnesota, SISU Valmet Inc, Mead Paper Co, Stone Container Corp, Champion Int Corp, USDA Forest Serv, Hiawatha Natl Forest, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Timberline Equipment, Quadco Equipment Inc, Timbco Equipment Inc, Harvest Syst Inc DE cable yarding; cost; productivity; site impacts; residual stand damage; forest harvesting AB Ground-based forest operations can cause adverse impacts to the soil and residual stand. Skyline cable yarding is a harvesting technology that can lessen impacts on steep slopes and net, wet sites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yarding productivity, cost, residual stand impacts, and site impacts associated with a Christy cable yarder operating on steep slopes in the midwest. The Christy yarded an average of 4112 board feet per scheduled hour at a cost of about US$26 per thousand board feet. Felling and limbing productivity and costs were not evaluated in this study. Damage to the residual stand was approximately equivalent under the cable yarding and conventional cable skidding systems. Skyline cable yarding did result in substantially less damage to the soil. RP Sturos, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1996 VL 186 BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BG79A UT WOS:A1996BG79A00016 ER PT J AU Rummer, B AF Rummer, B BE Blinn, CR Thompson, MA TI International standards for forest equipment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING FOREST OPERATIONS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE FORESTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 COFE/IUFRO Joint Meeting on Planning and Implementing Forest Operations to Achieve Sustainable Forests CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1996 CL MARQUETTE, MI SP Council Forest Engn, Int Union Forestry Res Org, UWSDA Forest Serv, N Cent Stn, Univ Minnesota, SISU Valmet Inc, Mead Paper Co, Stone Container Corp, Champion Int Corp, USDA Forest Serv, Hiawatha Natl Forest, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Timberline Equipment, Quadco Equipment Inc, Timbco Equipment Inc, Harvest Syst Inc DE forest equipment; terminology; machine design AB There are many current standards and standards activities which affect the design and application of forest equipment. Within the standards-setting community there are also efforts to achieve greater harmonization and utilization of standards products. This paper reviews how standards for forest equipment are developed and maintained, and identifies important committees and advisory groups. Standards affecting forest equipment are described with discussion of the impact of standards on designers and users. Finally, current coverage of standards is analyzed to identify key areas for future standards development which will benefit the forest engineering community. RP Rummer, B (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1996 VL 186 BP 136 EP 140 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BG79A UT WOS:A1996BG79A00020 ER PT J AU Baumgras, JE Skog, K AF Baumgras, JE Skog, K BE Blinn, CR Thompson, MA TI Wood utilization options for ecosystem management SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING FOREST OPERATIONS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE FORESTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 COFE/IUFRO Joint Meeting on Planning and Implementing Forest Operations to Achieve Sustainable Forests CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1996 CL MARQUETTE, MI SP Council Forest Engn, Int Union Forestry Res Org, UWSDA Forest Serv, N Cent Stn, Univ Minnesota, SISU Valmet Inc, Mead Paper Co, Stone Container Corp, Champion Int Corp, USDA Forest Serv, Hiawatha Natl Forest, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Timberline Equipment, Quadco Equipment Inc, Timbco Equipment Inc, Harvest Syst Inc DE wood utilization; ecosystem management; silviculture RP Baumgras, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,MORGANTOWN,WV, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1996 VL 186 BP 149 EP 149 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BG79A UT WOS:A1996BG79A00024 ER PT J AU Sturos, JB Mattson, JA AF Sturos, JB Mattson, JA BE Blinn, CR Thompson, MA TI Mechanical delimbing of northern hardwoods: Results from laboratory tests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING FOREST OPERATIONS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE FORESTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 COFE/IUFRO Joint Meeting on Planning and Implementing Forest Operations to Achieve Sustainable Forests CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1996 CL MARQUETTE, MI SP Council Forest Engn, Int Union Forestry Res Org, UWSDA Forest Serv, N Cent Stn, Univ Minnesota, SISU Valmet Inc, Mead Paper Co, Stone Container Corp, Champion Int Corp, USDA Forest Serv, Hiawatha Natl Forest, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Timberline Equipment, Quadco Equipment Inc, Timbco Equipment Inc, Harvest Syst Inc DE hardwood delimbing; force reduction; cutting angle; delimbers RP Sturos, JB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1996 VL 186 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BG79A UT WOS:A1996BG79A00027 ER PT J AU Thompson, MA Bjorheden, R Rickards, J AF Thompson, MA Bjorheden, R Rickards, J BE Blinn, CR Thompson, MA TI Proposed international standard definitions for time consumption in the study of forest work SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING FOREST OPERATIONS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE FORESTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 COFE/IUFRO Joint Meeting on Planning and Implementing Forest Operations to Achieve Sustainable Forests CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1996 CL MARQUETTE, MI SP Council Forest Engn, Int Union Forestry Res Org, UWSDA Forest Serv, N Cent Stn, Univ Minnesota, SISU Valmet Inc, Mead Paper Co, Stone Container Corp, Champion Int Corp, USDA Forest Serv, Hiawatha Natl Forest, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Timberline Equipment, Quadco Equipment Inc, Timbco Equipment Inc, Harvest Syst Inc DE time classification; standards; nomenclature; work study; forest operations AB There are many different time classification and recording systems being used around the world to evaluate forest work. Differences between these systems create difficulties in comparing and using the information generated Standard definitions for classifying time consumption in forest work is needed to make information collected in different parts of the world comparable and compatible. A subcommittee of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations' (IUFRO) Working Party S3.04-02 (Work study; payment, labour productivity) has completed a test edition nomenclature for classifying time in forest work. This report outlines the details of the classification system proposed by this subcommittee. Of particular interest in this discussion is the relationship between observed time and standard time. The nomenclature in this document is used to develop unbiased estimates through direct observation The observed times that result can then be used to develop standard times. This process does not destroy observed information; therefore, this nomenclature is considered compatible with both the observed and standard time systems. RP Thompson, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1996 VL 186 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BG79A UT WOS:A1996BG79A00028 ER PT J AU Starnes, LW AF Starnes, LW BE Blinn, CR Thompson, MA TI Inland West regional report SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING FOREST OPERATIONS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE FORESTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 COFE/IUFRO Joint Meeting on Planning and Implementing Forest Operations to Achieve Sustainable Forests CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1996 CL MARQUETTE, MI SP Council Forest Engn, Int Union Forestry Res Org, UWSDA Forest Serv, N Cent Stn, Univ Minnesota, SISU Valmet Inc, Mead Paper Co, Stone Container Corp, Champion Int Corp, USDA Forest Serv, Hiawatha Natl Forest, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Timberline Equipment, Quadco Equipment Inc, Timbco Equipment Inc, Harvest Syst Inc DE logging; timber; forest; harvesting; forest industry; forest engineering AB The current status of forest industry conditions, timber availability, logging systems mix, forest health, forest engineering schools, and logger certification programs is briefly described for the inland western United States. RP Starnes, LW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1996 VL 186 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BG79A UT WOS:A1996BG79A00034 ER PT J AU LeDoux, CB Gopalakrishnan, B Mudiyanur, S AF LeDoux, CB Gopalakrishnan, B Mudiyanur, S BE Blinn, CR Thompson, MA TI Maximizing financial yields while meeting landowner objectives and ecosystem goals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING FOREST OPERATIONS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE FORESTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 COFE/IUFRO Joint Meeting on Planning and Implementing Forest Operations to Achieve Sustainable Forests CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1996 CL MARQUETTE, MI SP Council Forest Engn, Int Union Forestry Res Org, UWSDA Forest Serv, N Cent Stn, Univ Minnesota, SISU Valmet Inc, Mead Paper Co, Stone Container Corp, Champion Int Corp, USDA Forest Serv, Hiawatha Natl Forest, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Timberline Equipment, Quadco Equipment Inc, Timbco Equipment Inc, Harvest Syst Inc DE thinnings; expert systems; economics; wildlife; harvesting AB Managers, planners, loggers, and landowners are being challenged to consider all aspects of the forested ecosystem when proposing harvesting treatments. Of particular interest to all is how specific management activities affect the suitability of wildlife habitat. With the use of an integrated expert system called FOREX, landowners can evaluate personal management objectives while meeting ecosystem or landscape-level goals. Results from this research suggest that there are at least six economically feasible alternatives for this set of landowner and ecosystem objectives. Most of these options also will enhance habitat suitability for selected wildlife species. Thus, landowners can select the alternative that maximizes financial yields while meeting ecosystem goals. RP LeDoux, CB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,MORGANTOWN,WV, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1996 VL 186 BP 220 EP 226 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BG79A UT WOS:A1996BG79A00038 ER PT J AU Riley, RT Liotta, DC Merrill, AH AF Riley, RT Liotta, DC Merrill, AH BE Miller, JCB TI Sphingolipid analogue biomodulators in foods alter sphingolipid metabolism implications for health and disease SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA, VOL 20 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition-Society-of-Australia CY SEP-OCT -, 1996 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Nutr Soc Austr, Australasian Soc Study Obes, Australasian Clin Nutr Soc AB Relatively little is known about the importance of sphingolipids as components of the diet. Research on the role of complex sphingolipids, free sphingoid bases, and sphingolipid degradation products in signal transduction pathways has been rapidly expanding our understanding of these lipids. In addition to the newly discovered role of ceramide as an intracellular second messenger for IL1-b, TNF-a and other agonists, sphingosine, sphingosine 1-phosphate and other sphingolipid metabolites have been demonstrated to modulate cellular calcium homeostasis, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Alteration of sphingolipid metabolism using synthetic and naturally occurring inhibitors of key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathways is aiding the characterization of the cellular processes regulated by sphingolipids and also is revealing a role for disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in the pathophysiology of disease, Several food-borne fungal metabolites have been shown to inhibit sphingolipid biosynthesis and/or turnover, Activation or inhibition of sphingolipid pathways may be a common mechanism of toxin action. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUTRITION SOC AUSTRALIA PI BENTLEY PA DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH SCI WESTERN INST, TECHNOL HAYMAN RD, BENTLEY W A 6102, AUSTRALIA SN 0314-1004 J9 PROC NUTR SOC AUST PY 1996 VL 20 BP 124 EP 131 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BH14F UT WOS:A1996BH14F00045 ER PT J AU Buxton, T AF Buxton, T BE Bell, RS Cramer, MH TI Bonanza mining area - South Central Colorado status report on voluntary CERCLA removal actions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP 96) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1996 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP Environm & Engn Geophys Soc RP Buxton, T (reprint author), USFS,SAN JUAN RIO GRANDE NATL FOREST,POB 67,SAGWACHE,CO 81149, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI WHEAT RIDGE PA 10200 W 44TH AVE #304, WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033 PY 1996 BP 321 EP 327 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BJ30J UT WOS:A1996BJ30J00032 ER PT B AU Rango, A Wergin, WP Erbe, EF AF Rango, A Wergin, WP Erbe, EF BE Troendle, C TI 3-D characterization of snow crystals utilizing low temperature scanning electron microscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, SIXTY FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Western-Snow-Conference CY APR 15-18, 1996 CL BEND, OR SP W Snow Conf C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU 64TH WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA C/O JAMES K MARRON PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208-2646 PY 1996 BP 13 EP 22 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BG57R UT WOS:A1996BG57R00002 ER PT J AU McCaughey, WW Farnes, PE AF McCaughey, WW Farnes, PE BE Troendle, C TI Measuring winter precipitation with an antifreeze-based tipping bucket system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, SIXTY FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Western-Snow-Conference CY APR 15-18, 1996 CL BEND, OR SP W Snow Conf C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU 64TH WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA C/O JAMES K MARRON PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208-2646 PY 1996 BP 130 EP 136 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BG57R UT WOS:A1996BG57R00015 ER PT J AU Schaefer, GL Schilling, D AF Schaefer, GL Schilling, D BE Troendle, C TI Soil moisture/soil temperature monitoring network pilot project SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, SIXTY FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Western-Snow-Conference CY APR 15-18, 1996 CL BEND, OR SP W Snow Conf C1 USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,WATER & CLIMATE CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97204. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 64TH WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA C/O JAMES K MARRON PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208-2646 PY 1996 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BG57R UT WOS:A1996BG57R00020 ER PT J AU Cooley, KR AF Cooley, KR BE Troendle, C TI Snowmelt characteristics under various conditions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, SIXTY FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Western-Snow-Conference CY APR 15-18, 1996 CL BEND, OR SP W Snow Conf C1 USDA ARS,BOISE,ID 83712. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 64TH WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA C/O JAMES K MARRON PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208-2646 PY 1996 BP 179 EP 182 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BG57R UT WOS:A1996BG57R00024 ER PT J AU McArthur, ED AF McArthur, ED BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Introduction: Shrubland ecosystem dynamics in a changing environment SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn RP McArthur, ED (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00001 ER PT B AU Havstad, K Schlesinger, W AF Havstad, K Schlesinger, W BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Reflections on a century of rangeland research in the Jornada Basin of New Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB A historical analysis can generally take one of three formats: 1) narrative, 2) context, or 3) analog. As narrative, the analysis is limited to a description detailing events. As context, historical analysis explains the present state based on interpretations of its varied history. As analog, the analysis attempts to support predictions regarding future conditions. The narrative format is the safest in that it typically involves the least interpretation and assumption, especially if the historical record is well-documented. The context format can be the most enlightening. The analog, though, is the mast useful, and the most precarious, and shares the central premise of scientific experimentation, the desire to make predictions about the future. The Jornada Experimental Range's history overlaps that of the discipline of rangeland management. Reviewing the history of the range should not be a parochial exercise, but should have a wider generic application to the history of the discipline. The history of research at Jornada has six often overlapping and evolving themes: classic range management, animal husbandry, ecology, range improvement, interdisciplinary sciences, and ecosystem science. RP Havstad, K (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT 3JER,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,BOX 30003,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00003 ER PT B AU McArthur, ED Ott, JE AF McArthur, ED Ott, JE BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Potential natural vegetation in the 17 conterminous western United States SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB Kuchler and Bailey constructed continental scale maps of the vegetation of the United States. These maps are compared for the 17 Western United States. The vegetation categories (vegetation types for Kuchler and ecoregions for Bailey) are quantified by category and by state with particular emphasis on shrub vegetation categories. The Kuchler map has 30 shrub vegetation types (including pinyon-juniper shrub mosaics) that account for about 40 percent (1.8 x 10(6) km(2)) of the area in the 17 states. In the Bailey map, 15 ecoregions account for about 34 percent (1.6 x 10(6) km(2)) of the area in shrublands. RP McArthur, ED (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 16 EP 28 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00004 ER PT B AU Hild, AL Wester, DB AF Hild, AL Wester, DB BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Winterfat shrubland boundary dynamics under different grazing histories SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB This study examined boundary areas between winterfat (Ceratoides lanata) shrublands and adjacent blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) grasslands in northern New Mexico. Vegetation response to defoliation was compared for interior and peripheral winterfat shrubland community positions on two locations having different grazing histories. Whittington locations were removed from domestic grazing in 1973, while adjacent lands sustained season long grazing. Seedlings and mature plants of winterfat and forbs were affected by community position, depending on grazing history, while basal cover of grasses was not. Defoliation may diminish the importance of community positions. Winterfat recruitment was affected by defoliation and community position. RP Hild, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00009 ER PT J AU Tausch, RJ AF Tausch, RJ BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Past changes, present and future impacts, and the assessment of community or ecosystem condition SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB Health, condition, and trend are widely used terms in ecosystem management, but their use is highly variable. Their application has been incompatible with the kinds of ecosystem changes that have occurred during the Quaternary and with our evolving understanding of ecosystem dynamics and present and future impacts from human activities. To manage for sustainability into the future, our concepts, definitions, and selection of standards should be appropriate for what we know about the influence of past, present, and future impacts. To avoid circularity in concepts and assessments of health, they should be based on values that are distinct from the sampled indicators and attributes applied in making the assessments. Definitions and concepts are needed that allow for the selection of standards of health and condition that are more appropriate for the nonlinear trajectories of ecosystem change and human alterations of those trajectories into the future. RP Tausch, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 97 EP 101 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00016 ER PT B AU Kitchen, SG Hall, DB AF Kitchen, SG Hall, DB BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Community stability in a salt-desert shrubland grazed by sheep: The desert experimental range story SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB The effects of 59 years of winter and spring grazing on a Great Basin salt-desert shrubland were analyzed using frequency and cover data. Spring grazing altered species composition more than winter grazing when compared to the nongrazed exclosures. Grazing in both seasons resulted in significant decreases in shrub importance. Introduced annuals increased in importance with spring grazing. Spring-grazed pastures show patterns of destabilization that are missing from winter-grazed pastures and nongrazed exclosures. RP Kitchen, SG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 102 EP 107 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00017 ER PT B AU Ruha, TLA Landsberg, JD Martin, RE AF Ruha, TLA Landsberg, JD Martin, RE BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Influence of fire on understory shrub vegetation in ponderosa pine stands SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB The effect of prescribed lire on understory shrub vegetation revealed that postfire development of understory shrubs is characterized by many factors including prefire composition of the stand, fire intensity, and regeneration characteristics of the different species. Recovery speed of understory vegetation is highly variable. Young shrubs of burned stands are mostly alive and vital compared to shrubs in unburned stands that have become old and decadent. Early results from two Oregon ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) sites indicate that the number of understory shrub species did not change significantly after prescribed underburning. The number of shrubs increased in a ponderosa pine/bitterbrush-greenleaf manzanita/needlegrass (P. ponderosa/Purshia tridentata (Pursh)-Arctostaphylos patula Greene/Stipa occidentalis Thurb. ex Wats) community, but did not change in a ponderosa pine/snowberry (P. ponderosa/Symphoricarpos spp.) community. The percentage of live individual shrubs increased, and the percentages of standing-dead and dead-and-down decreased. RP Ruha, TLA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,1133 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 108 EP 113 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00018 ER PT J AU Garvin, SC Meyer, SE Carlson, SL AF Garvin, SC Meyer, SE Carlson, SL BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Seed germination studies in Atriplex confertifolia (Torr&Frem) Wats SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB Seed germination of Atriplex confertifolia (shadscale) has been studied sporadically since 1900, with little progress in understanding the mechanisms responsible for seed dormancy or in overcoming these obstacles for the purpose of successfully seeding shadscale in restoration projects. Most work has concentrated on the indurated bracteoles and their role in inhibiting germination, but no conclusive evidence has been presented to show that the bracts must disintegrate to allow germination. Experiments show that moist chilling of fresh seeds for 12 weeks allowed germination of up to 66 percent of fresh fruits and up to 85 percent of 3 year old fruits. No germination occurred in unchilled fruit. A preliminary trial showed increased germination with chill after 12 weeks afterripening at 50 degrees C. Retrieval experiments resulted in a mean germination (across all accessions) of 40 percent in the second spring after burial. No germination occurred in the first spring. After 4 years in the field, 40 percent of fruits were still alive but ungerminated. Germination in shadscale seeds appears to occur in a staggered fashion, suggesting the operation of multiple dormancy mechanisms. RP Garvin, SC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,USDA,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00030 ER PT B AU Polley, HW Johnson, HB Mayeux, HS Tischler, CR AF Polley, HW Johnson, HB Mayeux, HS Tischler, CR BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Impacts of rising CO2 concentration on water use efficiency of woody grassland invaders SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB Water availability controls plant productivity and the abundance of shrubs on many rangelands. That control is mediated by factors like atmospheric CO2 concentration that influence plant water use efficiency. Increasing CO2 over past and projected levels elicited a similar (mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa; huisache, Acacia smallii) or possibly greater (threadleaf snakeweed, Gutierrezia microcephala) relative increase in intrinsic water use efficiency (photosynthesis/conductance) of shrubs that recently have proliferated on southwestern rangelands. The contribution of higher photosynthesis to the increase differed among species, however. By increasing productivity and competition for light, higher water use efficiency may favor taller woody plants over grasses on some rangelands. Rising CO2 may benefit shrubs that realize much of the increase in water use efficiency as higher photosynthesis. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00034 ER PT J AU Pendleton, RL Nelson, SD Rodriguez, RL AF Pendleton, RL Nelson, SD Rodriguez, RL BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Do soil factors determine the distribution of spineless hopsage (Grayia brandegei)? SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB Spineless hopsage (Grayia brandegei) sites are distinguished from adjacent non-hopsage sites by high levels of soluble salts and by factors relating to small soil particle size and clay minerology. Spineless hopsage most likely represents a stress-tolerant species capable of-establishing on steep eroded sites where the combination of salinity, aridity, and fine soil texture makes establishment of other species difficult. RP Pendleton, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,USDA,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 205 EP 209 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00037 ER PT B AU deSoyza, AG Whitford, WG Virginia, RA Reynolds, JF AF deSoyza, AG Whitford, WG Virginia, RA Reynolds, JF BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Effects of summer drought on the water relations, physiology, and growth of large and small plants of Prosopis glandulosa and Larrea tridentata SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB Large and small plants of creosotebush and mesquite were subjected to drought during summer 1993. Large and small plants responded to drought with lowered xylem water potential and lowered photosynthetic gas exchange. Large plants appear to maintain a reduced but constant photosynthetic rate during drought, and responded to precipitation with increased photosynthesis. However, small plants attempted to maintain a high photosynthetic rate throughout the season, responding less strongly to precipitation events, but probably depleting reserves more and causing photosynthesis to decline more when droughted. Our results suggest that large, established plants are better able to withstand drought than are small, establishing shrubs. RP deSoyza, AG (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,DEPT 3JER,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. RI Reynolds, James/G-6364-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 220 EP 223 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00040 ER PT J AU Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Havstad, KM Remmenga, MD AF Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Havstad, KM Remmenga, MD BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Tarbush leaf surface terpene profile in relation to mammalian herbivory SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB Cattle, sheep and goats were densely stacked in paddocks containing tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC) for six to nine days and defoliation of 160 plants was recorded daily during two years. plants were separated into high, moderate or low defoliation categories. Leaves were collected from plants during the same stage of maturity during the third year. Leaf surface compounds were extracted with ethanol and mono- and sesquiterpenes were analyzed using gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. A set of II variables was identified that appeared most closely related to plant defoliation categories: dry matter, ash, limonene, camphor, borneol, alpha copaene, beta caryophyllene, alpha pinene, p-cymene, cis-jasmone and caryophyllene oxide concentrations. This group distinguished among all three defoliation categories (P < 0.03) when subjected to multivariate analysis. These data support the hypothesis that leaf surface chemistry is related to degree of defoliation of individual tarbush plants by livestock. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 237 EP 241 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00043 ER PT B AU Tischler, CR Polley, HW Johnson, HB Mayeux, HS AF Tischler, CR Polley, HW Johnson, HB Mayeux, HS BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide on seedling growth of mesquite and huisache SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB Plants such as mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and huisache (Acacia smallii) generally show positive growth responses to higher CO2 concentrations. Growth of the two legumes was measured at five day intervals over 30 days from seedling emergence at 380, 700, and 1,000 ppm CO2. Root elongation increased with CO2 concentration in mesquite. Shoot mass of both species responded positively to elevated CO2. Positive responses to CO2 enrichment were evident within one week after emergence. Predicted increases in atmospheric CO2 could increase seedling establishment and survival of these invasive shrubs, and ultimately contribute to a further change in the species composition of Southwestern rangelands. RP Tischler, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 246 EP 248 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00045 ER PT J AU Wight, JR Hanson, CL Flerchinger, GN AF Wight, JR Hanson, CL Flerchinger, GN BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Energy balance dynamics within a shrub-dominated watershed SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB Components of the surface energy balance were measured within a shrub-dominated watershed in southwestern Idaho during the 1989, 1990, and 1991 growing seasons. On clear days, net radiation averaged between 40 and 50% of the incoming solar radiation with the highest values occurring during spring and early summer before the grasses and forbs began to senesce. The ratio of latent heat to net radiation varied from more than 0.75 in the spring to less than 0.05 in the fall at the low elevation site. Albedo averaged between 13 and 17% with little site, seasonal, or diurnal variation. Simulated energy fluxes using the SHAW model were in good agreement with field-measured values. RP Wight, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PARK BLVD,PLAZA IV,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00046 ER PT J AU Barrow, JR McCaslin, BD AF Barrow, JR McCaslin, BD BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Role of microbes in resource management in arid ecosystems SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB Three major classes of endophytic fungi were observed in the roots of native grasses and shrubs: (1) vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), which are known to be important in water and nutrient uptake; (2) septate fungi that formed non-destructive interfaces within root cortex cells and exhibited mycorrhizal like characteristics; and (3) chytridiomycetes were the third major class of fungi observed and preliminary studies suggest they regulate colonization of VAM, septate fungi, and nutrient uptake. A hypothesis is proposed on how these fungi function in accessing and managing nutrients and water for survival in arid ecosystems. RP Barrow, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,DEPT 3JER,BOX 30003,NMSU,,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 253 EP 254 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00047 ER PT J AU Havstad, K Beck, R AF Havstad, K Beck, R BE Barrow, JR McArthur, ED Sosebee, RE Tausch, RJ TI Research in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico: A field tour SO PROCEEDINGS: SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL LAS CRUCES, NM SP Shrub Res Consortium, Intermountain Res Stn, New Mexico State Univ, USDA Agr Res Serv, Natl Sci Fdn AB During the Ninth Wildland Shrub Symposium in Las Cruces, New Mexico, May 22-24, 1995, a held trip took participants to the southern end of the Jornada del Muerto Basin, an area of intensive research in desert ecology and-rangeland management throughout the 20th century. The tour highlighted some of the historical studies in grazing management as well as current interdisciplinary research projects involving dozens of scientists from many institutions. Cooperating institutions and agencies include the USDA Agricultural Research Service, New Mexico State University, the National Science Foundation and the Environmental Protection Agency. RP Havstad, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,DEPT 3JER,BOX 30003,NMSU,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 338 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78V UT WOS:A1996BG78V00050 ER PT J AU Vandeska, E Amartey, S Kuzmanova, S Jeffries, TW AF Vandeska, E Amartey, S Kuzmanova, S Jeffries, TW TI Fed-batch culture for xylitol production by Candida boidinii SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID D-XYLOSE; CONVERSION; ETHANOL; PELLICULOSA; YEAST; HU AB Xylitol production by Candida boidinii NRRL Y-17213 was investigated in fed-batch fermentations with xylose (50, 100 g litre(-1)) and a mixture of glucose (25 g litre(-1)) and xylose (25 g litre(-1)). All fermentations were initially batch processes with high levels of aeration and rapid production of biomass. Faster growth occurred when a mixture of glucose and xylose, instead of xylose, was used as a substrate; glucose was assimilated first and maximal xylitol production was 39.41 g litre(-1), compared with 46.5 and 59.3 g litre(-1) in the processes with xylose alone. Fed-batch cultures were characterized with higher xylitol yields (0.57-0.68 g g(-1)) and production rates (0.32-0.46 g litre(-1) h(-1)) compared with a batch process. Ethanol was accumulated in all processes, in smaller quantities, varying from II to 21% of the xylitol concentration. The fed-batch process with the highest initial xylose concentration (100 g litre(-1)) and the lowest level of aeration in the first phase, resulted in the highest yield of xylitol (75% of theoretical) and the highest productivity (approximately 35% higher than the productivities of the other two fed-batch experiments). C1 FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53703 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 20 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1016/0032-9592(95)00058-5 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA TR115 UT WOS:A1996TR11500009 ER PT J AU King, G Brown, EM Chen, JM AF King, G Brown, EM Chen, JM TI Computer model of a bovine type I collagen microfibril SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE banding pattern; collagen; D space; microfibril; molecular modeling ID 3-DIMENSIONAL-ENERGY MINIMIZED MODELS; HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS; TRIPLE HELIX; PACKING; (PRO-PRO-GLY)10; CONFORMATION; POLYPEPTIDE; MOLECULES; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS AB Collagens are a family of structural proteins of the extracellular matrix, The fibril-forming collagens are the major structural proteins of skin, cartilage, bone, blood vessel walls and internal organs, In addition to biological function, the collagens provide natural structural frameworks that are utilized in the medical, food and leather industries, Many schemes for the organization of type I collagen into triple helices, microfibrils and fibrils have been proposed during the past 30 years, Here, the development of a molecular model of a bovine type I collagen 'Smith' microfibril is described, In cross-section, this model exhibits a symmetrical, pentagonal grouping of five triple helices, The model comprises 15 polypeptide chains having 315 residues each, This model is large enough to allow a comparison of its gross structural features with images of stained collagen obtained by electron microscopy, yet small enough to be manipulated on a minicomputer or workstation, The model is useful for (among others) studies of structure-function relationships in collagen, exploring folding pathways, predicting the efficacy of potential crosslinking agents or chemical modifications, and designing synthetic collagen-like materials or modifications for specific applications. RP King, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0269-2139 J9 PROTEIN ENG JI Protein Eng. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1093/protein/9.1.43 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA UE099 UT WOS:A1996UE09900005 PM 9053901 ER PT J AU Boylan, MT Quail, PH AF Boylan, MT Quail, PH TI Are the phytochromes protein kinases? SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE protein histidine kinases; two-component systems; sensory photoreceptors; site-directed mutagenesis; Arabidopsis; transgenic plants ID MOSS CERATODON-PURPUREUS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; GENE FAMILY; PHOTOSENSORY PERCEPTION; 2-COMPONENT REGULATORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; OAT PHYTOCHROME; EVOLUTION; EXPRESSION AB The biochemical mechanism of phytochrome action is unknown. We have examined the proposal, based on sequence similarities to the sensor histidine kinase components of bacterial two-component signaling systems, that the phytochromes may be functional homologs of these kinases. Four amino acids, three highly conserved between the phytochrome and bacterial kinase molecules and the other, the histidine residue putatively the target of autophosphorylation, were changed singly in the oat phytochrome A sequence by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis, and the resultant mutant photoreceptor molecules were assayed for activity by overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis. Three of the four-mutant molecules retained activity equivalent to that of the unmutagenized parent sequence, whereas the fourth mutant could not be evaluated because of low expression. The data show that the former three mutagenized residues are not essential for phytochrome A function in transgenic Arabidopsis, but, because of the negative nature of the results, the possibility cannot be precluded that the photoreceptor functions as a protein kinase independent of these residues. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1996 VL 195 IS 1-4 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1007/BF01279182 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA VY602 UT WOS:A1996VY60200003 ER PT J AU Roy, S Babic, I Watada, AE Wergin, WP AF Roy, S Babic, I Watada, AE Wergin, WP TI Unique advantages of using low temperature scanning electron microscopy to observe bacteria SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE low temperature scanning electron microscopy; freeze substitution; cell wall; plant pathology ID FREEZE-SUBSTITUTION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PRESERVATION; MICROORGANISMS; ARTIFACTS; FIXATION; FIELD AB Electron microscopy (EM) has greatly helped to elucidate our understanding of bacterial structure and function. However, several recent studies have cautioned investigators about artifacts that result from the use of conventional EM preparation procedures. To avoid these problems, the use of low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) was evaluated for examining frozen, fully hydrated specimens. Spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. New Jersey), which were naturally infected or inoculated with bacteria, were used as the experimental material. I cm segments of the infected leaves were plunge frozen in liquid nitrogen, transferred to a cryochamber for sputter coating and then moved onto a cryostage in an SEM. After observation, some of the frozen, hydrated leaf segments were transferred onto agar medium to determine whether preparation for LTSEM was nondestructive to the bacteria. The other tissue segments were chemically fixed by freeze-substitution. The results indicated that after cryopreparation and observation in the LTSEM: (i) viable bacteria, which were recovered from the leaf sample, could be cultured on agar medium for subsequent study, and (ii) the frozen samples could be freeze substituted and embedded so that transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations could be carried out on the same specimen. In conclusion, frozen, hydrated leaf tissue infected with bacteria can be observed using LTSEM and then can be either processed for TEM observation to obtain further structural details or recovered to culture the pathogenic bacteria for supplementary studies. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1996 VL 195 IS 1-4 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1007/BF01279192 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA VY602 UT WOS:A1996VY60200013 ER PT J AU Vaughn, KC Hoffman, JC Hahn, MG Staehelin, LA AF Vaughn, KC Hoffman, JC Hahn, MG Staehelin, LA TI The herbicide dichlobenil disrupts cell plate formation: Immunogold characterization SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE cellulose biosynthesis; herbicides; cell plate formation; callose; xyloglucans ID CELLULOSE-SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR; WALL-MATRIX POLYSACCHARIDES; COTTON FIBERS; ROOT-TIP; HIGHER-PLANTS; TOMATO CELLS; 2,6-DICHLOROBENZONITRILE; CYTOKINESIS; LOCALIZATION; GROWTH AB We have utilized light and transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry to examine onion roots treated with the herbicide dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile; DCB), a purported disrupter of cellulose biosynthesis. The most salient effect of DCB is observed on cell plate formation, the process that gives rise to new cell walls. In the presence of DCB, cell plates develop normally up to the tubular network stage. They are the result of fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles and the accumulation of callose and the first strands of cellulose. The DCB-treated cell plates retain the reticulate and malleable nature of the tubular network/early fenestrated plate stage of cell plate formation, but fail to display signs of the stiffening and straightening associated with an accumulation of cellulose. Instead, the malleable cell plates in the DCB-treated cells retain a wavy architecture, accumulate pockets of electron opaque material, and produce plasmodesmata in abnormal orientations. Immunocytochemical investigations of the abnormal cell plates formed after DCB treatment show 20-fold increase in the level of callose labelling found in the control cell plates. Xyloglucans and rhamnogalacturonans can be detected in the partially-formed cell plates, with the labelling density of xyloglucan 4-5 times greater than in the control cell plates and that of the rhamnogalacturonans being similar to the controls. These data support the hypothesis that DCB inhibits cellulose biosynthesis as a primary mechanism of action, and that in the absence of cellulose synthesis the cell plates fail to mature and to give rise to new cross walls. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT MOL CELLULAR & DEV BIOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,USDA,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 36 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1996 VL 194 IS 3-4 BP 117 EP 132 DI 10.1007/BF01882020 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA VV759 UT WOS:A1996VV75900001 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JC Vaughn, KC AF Hoffman, JC Vaughn, KC TI Spline and flagellar microtubules are resistant to mitotic disrupter herbicides SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE acetylated tubulin; tyrosinated tubulin; 5-bromodeoxyuridine; herbicides; pteridophyte spermatogenous cells ID ACETYLATED ALPHA-TUBULIN; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII AB Microtubule arrays in developing spermatogenous cells of pteridophytes have unique microtubule organizing centers and post-translation modifications of tubulin. Sensitivity of these arrays to the microtubule-destabilizing effects of the mitotic disrupter herbicides was examined by immunofluorescence, transmission and immunogold electron microscopy. Acetylated, stabilized arrays, such as the spline, and microtubules of the basal bodies and flagella are formed after the final mitotic division and are resistant to these herbicides. Non-acetylated, dynamic arrays that exist prior to the final mitosis, such as interphase and mitotic arrays, are eliminated by all of these herbicides, with symptomology (arrested prometaphase, lobed nuclei, irregular cell plate formation) similar to that observed in other land plants. The only exception to the instability of these mitotic microtubule arrays are the few microtubules that are collected by kinetochores into short tufts. The presence of structurally-distinguishable MTOCs, such as the blepharoplast, did not confer resistance, despite the anchoring of the minus ends of the microtubules. Simultaneous treatment with herbicide and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), with subsequent detection with anti-BrdU of cells that had gone through S-phase during the BrdU incubation, reveals that only acetylated arrays formed prior to herbicide treatment are resistant. These data indicate that only actively polymerizing, dynamic microtubule arrays are sensitive to the destabilizing effects of the mitotic disrupter herbicides. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1996 VL 192 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1007/BF01273245 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA UP391 UT WOS:A1996UP39100007 ER PT J AU Brauer, D Uknalis, J Triana, R Tu, SI AF Brauer, D Uknalis, J Triana, R Tu, SI TI Subcellular compartmentation of different lipophilic fluorescein derivatives in maize root epidermal cells SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE cytosolic; esterase; fluorescence microscopy; intracellular compartmentation; vacuole ID HIGHER-PLANT CELLS; TRANSLOCATING ATPASES; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; INTRACELLULAR PH; VACUOLAR PH; ACIDIFICATION; PHOSPHATE AB Fluorescence microscopy offers some distinct advantages over other techniques for studying ion transport processes in situ with plant cells. However, the use of this technology in plant cells has been limited by our lack of understanding the mechanisms that influence the subcellular distribution of dyes after loading with the lipophilic precursors. In this study, the subcellular distribution of 5-(and 6-)carboxydichlorofluorescein (CDCF), carboxy-SNAFL-1, and carboxy-SNARF-1 was compared to that of 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and 6-)carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) after incubation of maize roots with their respective lipophilic precursors. Previously, we reported that incubation of roots with BCECF-acetomethyl ester (BCECF-AM) led to vacuolar accumulation of this dye. Similar results were found when roots were incubated with CDCF-diacetate. In contrast, carboxy-SNAFL-1 appeared to be confined to the cytoplasm based on the distribution of fluorescence and the excitation spectra of the dye in situ. On the other hand, incubation of roots with carboxy-SNARF-1-acetoxymethyl acetate yielded fluorescence throughout the cell. When the cytoplasm of epidermal cells was loaded with the BCECF acid by incubation at pH 4 in the absence of external Ca, the dye was retained in the cytoplasm at least 3 h after the loading period. This result indicated that vacuolar accumulation of BCECF during loading of BCECF-AM was not due to transport of BCECF from cytoplasm to vacuole. The esterase activities responsible for the production of either carboxy-SNAFL-1 or BCECF from their respective lipophilic precursor by extracts of roots were compared. The characterization of esterase activities was consistent with the subcellular distribution of these dyes in root cells. The results of these experiments suggest that in maize root epidermal cells the subcellular distribution of these fluorescein dyes may be determined by the characteristics of the esterase activities responsible for hydrolysis of the lipophilic precursor. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL BIOPHYS RES UNIT,WYNDMOOR,PA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1996 VL 192 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1007/BF01273246 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA UP391 UT WOS:A1996UP39100008 ER PT J AU Leavitt, SW Follett, RF Paul, EA AF Leavitt, SW Follett, RF Paul, EA TI Estimation of slow- and fast-cycling soil organic carbon pools from 6N HCl hydrolysis SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID MATTER; DYNAMICS AB Acid hydrolysis is used to fractionate the soil organic carbon pool into relatively slow- and fast-cycling compartments on soils from Arizona, the Great Plains states and Michigan collected for carbon isotope tracer studies related to soil carbon sequestration, for studies of shifts in C-3/C-4 vegetation, and for ''pre-bomb'' soil-carbon inventories. Prior to hydrolysis, soil samples are first treated with cold 0.5-1N HCl to remove soil carbonates if necessary. Samples are then dispersed in a concentrated NaCl solution (p approximate to 1.2 g cm(-3)) and floated plant fragments are skimmed off the surface. After rinsing and drying all remaining recognizable plant fragments are picked from the soil under 20x magnification. Plant-free soils, and hot, 6N HCl acid-hydrolysis residue and hydrolyzate fractions are analyzed for carbon content, delta(13)C and C-14 age, and the carbon distribution is verified within 1-2% by stable-carbon isotope mass balance. On average, the recalcitrant residue fraction is 1800 yr older and 2.6 parts per thousand more C-13-depleted than total soil organic carbon. A test of hydrolysis with fresh plant fragments produced as much as 71-76% in the acid-hydrolysis residue pool. Thus, if plant fragments are not largely removed prior to hydrolysis, the residue fraction may date much younger than it actually is. C1 ARS,USDA,NPA,NRRC,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP Leavitt, SW (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,LAB TREE RING RES,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 20 TC 86 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 17 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 1996 VL 38 IS 2 BP 231 EP 239 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA WK355 UT WOS:A1996WK35500010 ER PT S AU Suarez, DL Simunek, J AF Suarez, DL Simunek, J BE Lichtner, PC Steefel, CI Oelkers, EH TI Solute transport modeling under variably saturated water flow conditions SO REACTIVE TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Short Course on Reactive Transport in Porous Media CY OCT 25-27, 1996 CL GOLDEN, CO SP Mineral Soc Amer ID CARBON-DIOXIDE TRANSPORT; DUAL-POROSITY MODEL; POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE-IONIZATION; MASS-TRANSPORT; THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT; MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS; EQUILIBRIUM CHEMISTRY; CALCITE PRECIPITATION RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 107 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 SEVENTEENTH ST NW, SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0275-0279 BN 0-939950-42-1 J9 REV MINERAL PY 1996 VL 34 BP 229 EP 268 PG 40 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BG55B UT WOS:A1996BG55B00005 ER PT S AU Adler, PR Summerfelt, ST Glenn, DM Takeda, F AF Adler, PR Summerfelt, ST Glenn, DM Takeda, F BE Staudemann, J Schonborn, A Etnier, C TI Evaluation of the effect of a conveyor production strategy on lettuce and basil productivity and phosphorus removal from aquaculture wastewater SO RECYCLING THE RESOURCE: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT SE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Ecological Engineering for Wastewater Treatment CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL SCH ENGN WADENSWIL, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Int Ecol Engn Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, DIANE Oeko-Bau, Ctr Appl Ecol Schattweid, Steinhuserberg, Switzerland, Stensund Ecol Ctr, Trosa, Sweden HO SCH ENGN WADENSWIL DE crop production; ecological engineering; effluent treatment; nitrogen; phosphorus AB Plants cannot remove nutrients to low levels in water without a reduction in productivity; that has been the predominant paradigm regarding use of cash crops to clean effluents. Since greenhouse space is expensive, maintaining maximum productivity is critical to sustaining a profitable operation. With the conveyor production strategy, plants are positioned near the inlet when they are young and moved progressively towards the outlet as they mature. Greenhouse studies demonstrated that luxury consumption of nutrients by young plants made it possible for them to maintain maximum productivity to harvest maturity while reducing phosphorus to less than 0.01 mg/L. C1 USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Adler, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1421-0274 BN 0-87849-741-2 J9 ENVIRONM RES FORUM PY 1996 VL 5-6 BP 131 EP 135 PG 3 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Water Resources GA BL20Q UT WOS:000074669800015 ER PT S AU Adler, P Zust, B AF Adler, P Zust, B BE Staudemann, J Schonborn, A Etnier, C TI Case study: Bischofszell Cannery - Summary and results by chairperson & secretary SO RECYCLING THE RESOURCE: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT SE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Ecological Engineering for Wastewater Treatment CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL SCH ENGN WADENSWIL, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Int Ecol Engn Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, DIANE Oeko-Bau, Ctr Appl Ecol Schattweid, Steinhuserberg, Switzerland, Stensund Ecol Ctr, Trosa, Sweden HO SCH ENGN WADENSWIL DE food processing; sludge pasteurization; filtration; floculation/flotation; heat recovery; counter current recycling; water conservation; energy forest; nutrient recycling; industrial waste treatment C1 USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Adler, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1421-0274 BN 0-87849-741-2 J9 ENVIRONM RES FORUM PY 1996 VL 5-6 BP 457 EP 459 PG 3 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Water Resources GA BL20Q UT WOS:000074669800078 ER PT S AU Goodman, SA AF Goodman, SA BE Brown, F Cussler, K Hendriksen, C TI USDA: Progress toward in vitro tests and other trends SO REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION AND REFINEMENT OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Experiments in the Development and Control of Biological Products CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL LANGEN, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Ispra, Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm Protect AB The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United Slates Department of Agriculture has demonstrated a commitment toward replacement, reduction and refinement of animal use in the development and control of biological products. This presentation describes some specific approaches with which APHIS has reduced the number of animals used in testing by replacing host or laboratory animal potency tests with validated in vitro tests, reduced the number of animals required for tests by allowing sequential use of animals for tests of immunologically distinct entities, and replaced host or laboratory animal challenge studies with serological tests, it also describes APHIS' plans to reduce pain and suffering of animals by allowing euthanasia when death from causes unrelated to the test is expected. Finally, it reports on refinements in extraneous agent testing, which began when host animal tests were replaced with an in vitro test method and continued when the in vitro test was replaced with a more sensitive in vitro test. The status of these approaches is discussed in the context of APHIS' current regulatory framework. C1 USDA,APHIS,BBEP,HYATTSVILLE,MD. RP Goodman, SA (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,BBEP,4700 RIVER RD,UNIT 148,RIVERDALE,MD 20737, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6260-8 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 86 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF03E UT WOS:A1996BF03E00005 PM 8785990 ER PT S AU Hauer, PJ Whitaker, MS Henry, LA AF Hauer, PJ Whitaker, MS Henry, LA BE Brown, F Cussler, K Hendriksen, C TI A serological potency assay for Clostridium chauvoei SO REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION AND REFINEMENT OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Experiments in the Development and Control of Biological Products CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL LANGEN, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Ispra, Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm Protect RP Hauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,APHIS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6260-8 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 86 BP 331 EP 331 PG 1 WC Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF03E UT WOS:A1996BF03E00043 PM 8785971 ER PT S AU Hauer, PJ Rosenbusch, RF AF Hauer, PJ Rosenbusch, RF BE Brown, F Cussler, K Hendriksen, C TI Identifying and purifying protective immunogens from cultures of Clostridium chauvoei SO REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION AND REFINEMENT OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Experiments in the Development and Control of Biological Products CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL LANGEN, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Ispra, Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm Protect RP Hauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,APHIS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6260-8 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 86 BP 332 EP 332 PG 1 WC Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF03E UT WOS:A1996BF03E00044 PM 8785972 ER PT S AU Henderson, LM Scheevel, KF Walden, DM AF Henderson, LM Scheevel, KF Walden, DM BE Brown, F Cussler, K Hendriksen, C TI Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for potency testing of erysipelas bacterins SO REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION AND REFINEMENT OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Experiments in the Development and Control of Biological Products CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL LANGEN, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Ispra, Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm Protect RP Henderson, LM (reprint author), USDA,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,APHIS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6260-8 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 86 BP 333 EP 333 PG 1 WC Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF03E UT WOS:A1996BF03E00045 PM 8785973 ER PT S AU Henderson, LM Jenkins, PS Scheevel, KF Walden, DM AF Henderson, LM Jenkins, PS Scheevel, KF Walden, DM BE Brown, F Cussler, K Hendriksen, C TI Characterization of a monoclonal antibody for in vitro potency testing of erysipelas bacterins SO REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION AND REFINEMENT OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Experiments in the Development and Control of Biological Products CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL LANGEN, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Ispra, Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm Protect RP Henderson, LM (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LAB,VET SERV,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6260-8 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 86 BP 334 EP 334 PG 1 WC Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF03E UT WOS:A1996BF03E00046 PM 8785974 ER PT S AU Kolbe, DR AF Kolbe, DR BE Brown, F Cussler, K Hendriksen, C TI Use of ELISA to quantify the antitoxin content of commercial equine tetanus antitoxin SO REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION AND REFINEMENT OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Experiments in the Development and Control of Biological Products CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL LANGEN, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Ispra, Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm Protect RP Kolbe, DR (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,VS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6260-8 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 86 BP 336 EP 336 PG 1 WC Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF03E UT WOS:A1996BF03E00048 PM 8785976 ER PT S AU Ludemann, LR Katz, JB AF Ludemann, LR Katz, JB BE Brown, F Cussler, K Hendriksen, C TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assessment of bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen in inactivated vaccines using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies SO REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION AND REFINEMENT OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Experiments in the Development and Control of Biological Products CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL LANGEN, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Ispra, Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm Protect RP Ludemann, LR (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,VET BIOL LAB,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6260-8 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 86 BP 337 EP 337 PG 1 WC Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF03E UT WOS:A1996BF03E00049 PM 8785977 ER PT S AU Ruby, KW AF Ruby, KW BE Brown, F Cussler, K Hendriksen, C TI Evaluation of the Leptospira pomona ELISA and its correlation with the hamster potency assay SO REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION AND REFINEMENT OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Experiments in the Development and Control of Biological Products CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL LANGEN, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Ispra, Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm Protect RP Ruby, KW (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6260-8 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 86 BP 340 EP 340 PG 1 WC Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF03E UT WOS:A1996BF03E00052 PM 8785980 ER PT S AU Ruby, KW Walden, DM Wannemuehler, MJ AF Ruby, KW Walden, DM Wannemuehler, MJ BE Brown, F Cussler, K Hendriksen, C TI Development of an in vitro assay for measuring the relative potency of leptospiral bacterins containing serovar canicola and its correlation to the hamster potency assay SO REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION AND REFINEMENT OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Animal Experiments in the Development and Control of Biological Products CY NOV 02-04, 1994 CL LANGEN, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Biol Standardizat, European Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Ispra, Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm Protect RP Ruby, KW (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6260-8 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1996 VL 86 BP 341 EP 341 PG 1 WC Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BF03E UT WOS:A1996BF03E00053 PM 8785981 ER PT J AU Maxwell, WMC Welch, GR Johnson, LA AF Maxwell, WMC Welch, GR Johnson, LA TI Viability and membrane integrity of spermatozoa after dilution and flow cytometric sorting in the presence or absence of seminal plasma SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SEX PRESELECTION; FERTILIZING-CAPACITY; PROPIDIUM IODIDE; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; BEARING SPERM; INSEMINATION; SYBR-14; SWINE; SEMEN; DNA AB Boar, bull and ram spermatozoa were examined after staining with the DNA-permeant Hoechst 33342 fluorochrome and flow cytometric sorting in the presence or absence of seminal plasma. Spermatozoa were assessed for viability with flow cytometry using the live cell nucleic acid stain SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI), and for membrane integrity Using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum (FITC-PSA) and PI; motility and acrosome integrity were estimated by microscopy. Flow cytometric sorting was compared with pipette dilution of boar and bull spermatozoa into: (1) medium [boar: Test buffer containing 2% yolk (TY) or Beltsville thawing solution (BTS); bull: TY or HEPES buffer containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (HEPES-BSA)] with or without 10% (v/v) seminal plasma; or (2) an empty tube containing no medium. Sorted spermatozoa were either not centrifuged or centrifuged before assessment during a 4-h holding period. The viability, motility and membrane integrity of boar, bull and ram spermatozoa centrifuged after sorting were also examined when seminal plasma was present or absent from the staining extender and/or the TY collection medium. The results indicate that the viability and membrane integrity of spermatozoa in vitro would be improved if: (1) seminal plasma (10%) was routinely included in the BTS and HEPES-BSA staining extenders for boar spermatozoa and ram spermatozoa, respectively, when used in preparation for flow cytometric sorting; and (2) 10% and 50% seminal plasma were included in the TY collection medium for boar or bull spermatozoa and ram spermatozoa respectively. C1 USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Maxwell, WMC (reprint author), UNIV SYDNEY,DEPT ANIM SCI,SYDNEY,NSW 2006,AUSTRALIA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 1996 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1165 EP 1178 DI 10.1071/RD9961165 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA VZ523 UT WOS:A1996VZ52300007 PM 8981641 ER PT B AU Ellis, RL AF Ellis, RL BE Enne, G Kuiper, HA Valentini, A TI Validation and harmonization of analytical methods for residue detection at the international level SO RESIDUES OF VETERINARY DRUGS AND MYCOTOXINS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS: NEW METHODS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Teleconference on Residues of Veterinary Drugs and Mycotoxins in Animal Products - New Methods for Risk Assessment and Quality Control CY APR 15-AUG 31, 1994 CL ELECTR NETWORK SP Ist L Spallanzani Milan, EU FLAIR Concerted Action No 8 In Vitro Toxicol Studies & Real Time Anal Re, sidues Food, State Inst Qual Control Agr Prod, Wageningen, Danish Meat Res Inst, Roskilde DE validation; residues; MRLs; codex C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-74134-27-0 PY 1996 BP 52 EP 62 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences GA BF26Q UT WOS:A1996BF26Q00007 ER PT B AU Barnard, DJ Rehbein, DK Kameda, J Buck, O Johnson, JA Reuter, WG AF Barnard, DJ Rehbein, DK Kameda, J Buck, O Johnson, JA Reuter, WG BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Material properties of aged and unaged inconel 718 as determined from nondestructive and destructive tests SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 1399 EP 1406 PN A&B PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00183 ER PT B AU Schmoldt, DL Li, P Abbott, AL AF Schmoldt, DL Li, P Abbott, AL BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI A new approach to automated labeling of internal features of hardwood logs using CT images SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 VIRGINIA TECH,BROOKES FOREST PROD CTR,US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 1883 EP 1890 PN A&B PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00246 ER PT B AU Mazzola, M Smiley, RW Rovira, AD Cook, RJ AF Mazzola, M Smiley, RW Rovira, AD Cook, RJ BE Sneh, B JabajiHare, S Neate, S Dijst, G TI Characterization of Rhizoctonia isolates, disease occurrence and management in cereals SO RHIZOCTONIA SPECIES: TAXONOMY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND DISEASE CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Rhizoctonia CY JUN 27-30, 1995 CL NOORDWIJKERHOUT, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Plant Pathol, Int Rhizoctonia Comm RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3644-5 PY 1996 BP 259 EP 267 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture; Mycology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Mycology GA BG84U UT WOS:A1996BG84U00023 ER PT B AU Kulik, MM AF Kulik, MM BE Sneh, B JabajiHare, S Neate, S Dijst, G TI Actinomycetes, cyanobacteria and algae SO RHIZOCTONIA SPECIES: TAXONOMY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND DISEASE CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Rhizoctonia CY JUN 27-30, 1995 CL NOORDWIJKERHOUT, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Plant Pathol, Int Rhizoctonia Comm RP Kulik, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3644-5 PY 1996 BP 463 EP 471 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture; Mycology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Mycology GA BG84U UT WOS:A1996BG84U00042 ER PT B AU Lewis, JA Kulik, MM AF Lewis, JA Kulik, MM BE Sneh, B JabajiHare, S Neate, S Dijst, G TI Introduced biocontrol agents to suppress diseases caused by Rhizoctonia SO RHIZOCTONIA SPECIES: TAXONOMY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND DISEASE CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Rhizoctonia CY JUN 27-30, 1995 CL NOORDWIJKERHOUT, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Plant Pathol, Int Rhizoctonia Comm RP Lewis, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3644-5 PY 1996 BP 507 EP 514 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture; Mycology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Mycology GA BG84U UT WOS:A1996BG84U00046 ER PT B AU Panella, L Ruppel, EG AF Panella, L Ruppel, EG BE Sneh, B JabajiHare, S Neate, S Dijst, G TI Availability of germplasm for resistance against Rhizoctonia spp. SO RHIZOCTONIA SPECIES: TAXONOMY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND DISEASE CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Rhizoctonia CY JUN 27-30, 1995 CL NOORDWIJKERHOUT, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Plant Pathol, Int Rhizoctonia Comm RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARBEET RES CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3644-5 PY 1996 BP 515 EP 527 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture; Mycology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Mycology GA BG84U UT WOS:A1996BG84U00047 ER PT S AU Hoagland, RE Zablotowicz, RM Reddy, KN AF Hoagland, RE Zablotowicz, RM Reddy, KN BE Waller, GR Yamasaki, K TI Studies of the phytotoxicity of saponins on weed and crop plants SO SAPONINS USED IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Saponins - Chemistry and Biological Activity, at the 210th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA; AMARANTHUS-PALMERI; ROOT SAPONINS; EXTRACTION; GROWTH AB Several saponins or sapogenins including beta-escin, betulin, beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, hecogenin, oleandrin, and oleanolic acid were tested in the laboratory, growth chamber, and greenhouse on various weed and crop species. Seed germination, root and shoot growth after root, foliar, or soil application, electrolyte leakage from leaf discs, and greening of etiolated plant tissues were monitored. Esterase activity using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) was also assayed. The compounds had differential effects on these parameters, depending on the species. The effects of these compounds on electrolyte leakage ranged from no effect to a 10-fold increase above untreated tissue levels after 72 h. Escin increased FDA activity up to 35% above untreated tissue, but other compounds caused no effect or reduced FDA activity. PNPB activity was generally not affected. In greening studies of excised tissue, escin reduced chlorophyll production by 90-100% in several species, with other compounds giving intermediate or no effects. Foliar application (1.0 mM) in the greenhouse had no substantial effect (visible or shoot biomass) on 10 species. However, in short-term (8 to 13 day) tests, beta-escin, applied to soil at 88 and 350 mu mol/kg soil, drastically reduced emergence in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv.), hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A.W. Hill], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]. beta-Escin also reduced growth in all species but soybean, and barnyardgrass was the most sensitive species tested. Results are discussed in relation to the role of these compounds as plant growth-regulating natural products. RP Hoagland, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 67 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45394-0 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 405 BP 57 EP 73 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BG55T UT WOS:A1996BG55T00006 PM 8910696 ER PT S AU Zablotowicz, RM Hoagland, RE Wagner, SC AF Zablotowicz, RM Hoagland, RE Wagner, SC BE Waller, GR Yamasaki, K TI Effect of saponins on the growth and activity of rhizosphere bacteria SO SAPONINS USED IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Saponins - Chemistry and Biological Activity, at the 210th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc ID METABOLISM; SOIL RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45394-0 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1996 VL 405 BP 83 EP 95 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BG55T UT WOS:A1996BG55T00008 PM 8910697 ER PT S AU Lugo, AE AF Lugo, AE BE Colon, JCF TI Ninety years of plant ecology - Research in Puerto Rico SO SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS: AN EIGHTY-YEAR REASSESSMENT OF THE ISLANDS' NATURAL HISTORY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Scientific Survey of Puerto-Rico and the Virgin-Islands - An 80-Year Reassessment of the Islands Natural History CY NOV 15, 1993 CL SACRED HEART UNIV, SAN JUAN, PR SP USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Puerto Rico Commiss Celebrat 500th Anniversary Discovery Puerto Rico HO SACRED HEART UNIV ID TROPICAL DRY FOREST; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; ELFIN WOODLAND; TRANSPIRATION; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; SUCCESSION RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-949-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 776 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17413.x PG 16 WC Biology; Plant Sciences; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences; Zoology GA BF92S UT WOS:A1996BF92S00006 ER PT S AU Lodge, DJ AF Lodge, DJ BE Colon, JCF TI Fungi of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands - A history of previous surveys, current status, and the future SO SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS: AN EIGHTY-YEAR REASSESSMENT OF THE ISLANDS' NATURAL HISTORY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Scientific Survey of Puerto-Rico and the Virgin-Islands - An 80-Year Reassessment of the Islands Natural History CY NOV 15, 1993 CL SACRED HEART UNIV, SAN JUAN, PR SP USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Puerto Rico Commiss Celebrat 500th Anniversary Discovery Puerto Rico HO SACRED HEART UNIV ID ANAMORPH RP Lodge, DJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,POB 1377,LUQUILLO,PR 00773, USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-949-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 776 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17417.x PG 7 WC Biology; Plant Sciences; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences; Zoology GA BF92S UT WOS:A1996BF92S00010 ER PT B AU Forcella, F Durgan, BR Buhler, DD AF Forcella, F Durgan, BR Buhler, DD BE Brown, H Cussans, GW Devine, MD Duke, SO FernandezQuintanilla, C Helweg, A Labrada, RE Landes, M Kudsk, P Streibig, JC TI Management of weed seedbanks SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL WEED CONTROL CONGRESS - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Weed Control Congress CY JUN 25-28, 1996 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP AgrEvo, BASF, Bayer, CFPI, CIBA, DowElanco, DuPont Agr Prod, Griffin Corp, Hardi Int, Herbicide Resistance Action Comm, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd, ISK Biosci Corp, LG Chem Ltd, Monsanto Europe Africa, Rhone Poulenc, Ricerca Inc, Sandoz Agro Inc, Stewart Agr Res, Zeneca Agrochem, Danida, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Danish Inst Plant & Soil Sci, Danish Vet & Agr Res Council, Commiss European Communities, FAO, Federat Danish Farmers Unions, Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Thomas B Thrige Fund AB Ecological information that aids in objective and economically sound management of seedbanks of important weed species, such as Setaria faberi Herrm., includes (1) depth distributions of seeds under various tillage systems, (2) depth-specific maximum emergence potentials, (3) micro-climate inducement of secondary dormancy, (4) timing of seedling emergence, and (5) seedbank recruitment. Integration of these types of relationships into bioeconomic weed/crop management expert systems, like WEEDSIM, provides users with important information not previously available. The enhanced decision-making ability provided by this information can be illustrated with fundamental aspects of seedbank management, such as the decision to till soil. Tillage decisions should be primarily a function of the density of nondormant seeds in the "emergence zone" and the cost of tillage operations. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU DANMARKS JORDBRUGSFORSKNING PI SLAGELSE PA AFD PLANTEBESKYTTELSE FORSKNINGSCENTER FLAKKEBJERG, DK 4200 SLAGELSE, DENMARK BN 87-984996-1-0 PY 1996 BP 21 EP 26 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BL70T UT WOS:000076408300003 ER PT B AU Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM Gaston, LA AF Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM Gaston, LA BE Brown, H Cussans, GW Devine, MD Duke, SO FernandezQuintanilla, C Helweg, A Labrada, RE Landes, M Kudsk, P Streibig, JC TI Effect of tillage on alachlor sorption and biotransformation in soil SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL WEED CONTROL CONGRESS - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Weed Control Congress CY JUN 25-28, 1996 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP AgrEvo, BASF, Bayer, CFPI, CIBA, DowElanco, DuPont Agr Prod, Griffin Corp, Hardi Int, Herbicide Resistance Action Comm, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd, ISK Biosci Corp, LG Chem Ltd, Monsanto Europe Africa, Rhone Poulenc, Ricerca Inc, Sandoz Agro Inc, Stewart Agr Res, Zeneca Agrochem, Danida, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Danish Inst Plant & Soil Sci, Danish Vet & Agr Res Council, Commiss European Communities, FAO, Federat Danish Farmers Unions, Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Thomas B Thrige Fund AB Objectives were to review a series of studies evaluating the kinetics and mechanisms of alachlor sorption and biotransformation in soil from two longterm no-history soybean tillage systems. Batch sorption methods were used where soil samples were shaken for selected times, sequentially desorbed, extracted with methanol, and oxidized. Alachlor biotransformation studies included incubation periods from 0 to 54 days. At selected times, soils were extracted and oxidized. Under no-tillage (NT), microbial populations were significantly greater than for conventional tillage (CT). Several genera of Gramnegative bacteria were found to have potential to dechlorinate alachlor via glutathione (GSI-I) conjugation to acidic metabolites. Sorption and desorption K values were greater for NT for each of the sorption shaking times. Sorption kinetics were described using a three-site model and exhibited two phases with rapid initial sorption up to 3 h followed by slower sorption. Labile and restricted fractions increased with time, especially for NT. Faster and higher total alachlor sorption in NT was attributed to higher soil organic residues. Herbicide mineralization was more rapid and methanol-unextractable C-14 was higher in NT. Tillage did not influence initial alachlor disappearance, but did affect metabolite transformations. Acidic metabolites (e.g., oxanilic and sulfonic acid) persisted longer in the CT soil. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Locke, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DANMARKS JORDBRUGSFORSKNING PI SLAGELSE PA AFD PLANTEBESKYTTELSE FORSKNINGSCENTER FLAKKEBJERG, DK 4200 SLAGELSE, DENMARK BN 87-984996-1-0 PY 1996 BP 287 EP 292 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BL70T UT WOS:000076408300046 ER PT B AU Seefeldt, SS Fuerst, EP Irzyk, GP Gealy, DR Shukla, A Hoffman, D Brewster, BD AF Seefeldt, SS Fuerst, EP Irzyk, GP Gealy, DR Shukla, A Hoffman, D Brewster, BD BE Brown, H Cussans, GW Devine, MD Duke, SO FernandezQuintanilla, C Helweg, A Labrada, RE Landes, M Kudsk, P Streibig, JC TI Diclofop-resistant Avena fatua from the Willamette Valley of Oregon SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL WEED CONTROL CONGRESS - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Weed Control Congress CY JUN 25-28, 1996 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP AgrEvo, BASF, Bayer, CFPI, CIBA, DowElanco, DuPont Agr Prod, Griffin Corp, Hardi Int, Herbicide Resistance Action Comm, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd, ISK Biosci Corp, LG Chem Ltd, Monsanto Europe Africa, Rhone Poulenc, Ricerca Inc, Sandoz Agro Inc, Stewart Agr Res, Zeneca Agrochem, Danida, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Danish Inst Plant & Soil Sci, Danish Vet & Agr Res Council, Commiss European Communities, FAO, Federat Danish Farmers Unions, Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Thomas B Thrige Fund AB Diclofop-resistant Avena fatua has been identified in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Multiple applications of diclofop over a 10-year period provided selection pressure for resistance in these fields. These biotypes differed widely in morphological traits, which suggested they originated independently. There were large differences in both the levels of resistance to diclofop and the patterns of cross-resistance to other aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione herbicides, suggesting a different basis for resistance among the Avena fatua biotypes from the 10 fields. Mechanism of resistance studies suggested that changes in the site of action (acetyl CoA carboxylase) were largely responsible for the resistance. There were small differences in absorption, translocation and metabolism of diclofop, but these changes all tended to be in the direction of making the resistant biotypes more susceptible. Inheritance of resistance was due primarily to a single, partially dominant, gene with a possible modifying genetic factor that reduced resistance to high doses of diclofop. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DANMARKS JORDBRUGSFORSKNING PI SLAGELSE PA AFD PLANTEBESKYTTELSE FORSKNINGSCENTER FLAKKEBJERG, DK 4200 SLAGELSE, DENMARK BN 87-984996-1-0 PY 1996 BP 511 EP 516 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BL70T UT WOS:000076408300080 ER PT B AU Duke, SO Dayan, FE Yamamoto, M Duke, MV Reddy, KN Lee, HJ Jacobs, NJ Jacobs, JM AF Duke, SO Dayan, FE Yamamoto, M Duke, MV Reddy, KN Lee, HJ Jacobs, NJ Jacobs, JM BE Brown, H Cussans, GW Devine, MD Duke, SO FernandezQuintanilla, C Helweg, A Labrada, RE Landes, M Kudsk, P Streibig, JC TI Protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors - Their current and future roles SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL WEED CONTROL CONGRESS - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Weed Control Congress CY JUN 25-28, 1996 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP AgrEvo, BASF, Bayer, CFPI, CIBA, DowElanco, DuPont Agr Prod, Griffin Corp, Hardi Int, Herbicide Resistance Action Comm, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd, ISK Biosci Corp, LG Chem Ltd, Monsanto Europe Africa, Rhone Poulenc, Ricerca Inc, Sandoz Agro Inc, Stewart Agr Res, Zeneca Agrochem, Danida, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Danish Inst Plant & Soil Sci, Danish Vet & Agr Res Council, Commiss European Communities, FAO, Federat Danish Farmers Unions, Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Thomas B Thrige Fund AB Inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) are highly efficacious herbicides with many desirable traits. Thousands of excellent Protox inhibitors from many different chemical classes have been discovered. However, their usefulness is limited by their similar selectivity patterns and methods of use in the relatively few crops in which they can be used. A growing asset of this herbicide class is that weeds have not evolved resistance to them. Selectivity of Protox inhibitors might be manipulated by producing Protox proherbicides, the selectivity of which would be determined at the bioactivation stage. Theoretically, safeners could be used with susceptible crops to extend Protox inhibitor use. Creation of Protox inhibitor-resistant crops with biotechnology is problematic, in that no eucaryotic, organellar Protox has yet been demonstrated unequivocally to be resistant. However, manipulation of other enzyme activities, such as the enzyme(s) that rapidly degrades protoporphyrinogen IX to nontoxic compounds could be a route to produce herbicide-resistant crops, thus, greatly expanding the use of these highly efficacious herbicides. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DANMARKS JORDBRUGSFORSKNING PI SLAGELSE PA AFD PLANTEBESKYTTELSE FORSKNINGSCENTER FLAKKEBJERG, DK 4200 SLAGELSE, DENMARK BN 87-984996-1-0 PY 1996 BP 775 EP 780 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BL70T UT WOS:000076408300116 ER PT B AU Hoagland, RE Zablotowicz, RM Street, JE AF Hoagland, RE Zablotowicz, RM Street, JE BE Brown, H Cussans, GW Devine, MD Duke, SO FernandezQuintanilla, C Helweg, A Labrada, RE Landes, M Kudsk, P Streibig, JC TI Metabolism of fenoxaprop-ethyl in rice: Effects of shading SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL WEED CONTROL CONGRESS - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Weed Control Congress CY JUN 25-28, 1996 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP AgrEvo, BASF, Bayer, CFPI, CIBA, DowElanco, DuPont Agr Prod, Griffin Corp, Hardi Int, Herbicide Resistance Action Comm, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd, ISK Biosci Corp, LG Chem Ltd, Monsanto Europe Africa, Rhone Poulenc, Ricerca Inc, Sandoz Agro Inc, Stewart Agr Res, Zeneca Agrochem, Danida, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Danish Inst Plant & Soil Sci, Danish Vet & Agr Res Council, Commiss European Communities, FAO, Federat Danish Farmers Unions, Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Thomas B Thrige Fund AB Metabolism of C-14-fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE) and effects of shade (80% light reduction) on metabolism and various enzyme activities were examined in rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Lemont) plants under growth chamber or greenhouse conditions using whole plants, excised intact leaves, excised leaf segments and crude plant extracts. In whole plants, FE was rapidly absorbed and de-esterfied in both light and shaded seedlings with 55% of FE remaining 24 h after application. After 120 h, 16.6% of the C-14 applied was recovered as parent and fenoxaprop acid (FA) in shaded plant tissue compared to 1.5 % in unshaded plants. In excised intact leaves, excised leaf segments or crude extracts similar rates of FE de-esterification were observed. No glutathione conjugates were detected in any of these three assays up to 20 h, or in the presence of exogenous glutathione. Shading reduced acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, p-nitrophenol butyrate-esterase and CDNB-GST activities, but shaded plants had 60% greater free thiol content than unshaded plants. Greater persistence of phytotoxic compounds (FE and FA) and reduced ACCase activity under shaded conditions may explain increased phytotoxicity of FE to rice under restricted light. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hoagland, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DANMARKS JORDBRUGSFORSKNING PI SLAGELSE PA AFD PLANTEBESKYTTELSE FORSKNINGSCENTER FLAKKEBJERG, DK 4200 SLAGELSE, DENMARK BN 87-984996-1-0 PY 1996 BP 819 EP 826 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BL70T UT WOS:000076408300123 ER PT B AU Abbas, HK Johnson, BJ Egley, GH AF Abbas, HK Johnson, BJ Egley, GH BE Brown, H Cussans, GW Devine, MD Duke, SO FernandezQuintanilla, C Helweg, A Labrada, RE Landes, M Kudsk, P Streibig, JC TI Biological control of common cocklebur by Alternaria helianthi SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL WEED CONTROL CONGRESS - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Weed Control Congress CY JUN 25-28, 1996 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP AgrEvo, BASF, Bayer, CFPI, CIBA, DowElanco, DuPont Agr Prod, Griffin Corp, Hardi Int, Herbicide Resistance Action Comm, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd, ISK Biosci Corp, LG Chem Ltd, Monsanto Europe Africa, Rhone Poulenc, Ricerca Inc, Sandoz Agro Inc, Stewart Agr Res, Zeneca Agrochem, Danida, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Danish Inst Plant & Soil Sci, Danish Vet & Agr Res Council, Commiss European Communities, FAO, Federat Danish Farmers Unions, Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Thomas B Thrige Fund AB Alternaria helianthi, a pathogen of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), also is effective for biocontrol of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.). Conidia grown at 18 degrees C are the most virulent in producing disease on hosts. Dew period requirements can be reduced to 9 hrs with formulation in unrefined corn oil emulsions and dew may also be delayed for 24 hr after application. A. helianthi is effective for control of biotypes of common cocklebur that are resistant to common herbicides including imazaquin, MSMA and metribuzin. A. helianthi is most effective on 2- to 6- leaf stage common cocklebur, but doses higher than 50,000 conidia ml(-1) can also control older seedlings. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DANMARKS JORDBRUGSFORSKNING PI SLAGELSE PA AFD PLANTEBESKYTTELSE FORSKNINGSCENTER FLAKKEBJERG, DK 4200 SLAGELSE, DENMARK BN 87-984996-1-0 PY 1996 BP 1229 EP 1234 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BL70T UT WOS:000076408300189 ER PT B AU Hatfield, JL AF Hatfield, JL BE Brown, H Cussans, GW Devine, MD Duke, SO FernandezQuintanilla, C Helweg, A Labrada, RE Landes, M Kudsk, P Streibig, JC TI Environmental sustainability in modern farming practices SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL WEED CONTROL CONGRESS - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Weed Control Congress CY JUN 25-28, 1996 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP AgrEvo, BASF, Bayer, CFPI, CIBA, DowElanco, DuPont Agr Prod, Griffin Corp, Hardi Int, Herbicide Resistance Action Comm, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd, ISK Biosci Corp, LG Chem Ltd, Monsanto Europe Africa, Rhone Poulenc, Ricerca Inc, Sandoz Agro Inc, Stewart Agr Res, Zeneca Agrochem, Danida, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Danish Inst Plant & Soil Sci, Danish Vet & Agr Res Council, Commiss European Communities, FAO, Federat Danish Farmers Unions, Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Thomas B Thrige Fund AB Environmental sustainability implies a combination of farming and watershed practices that reduces the off-site and on-site impacts due to herbicide and nutrients. Drinking water standards for herbicide and nitrate-N levels provide reference points for the evaluation of cropping systems. Agricultural systems are complex and embody the interactions among the soil and climate resource, crop selection, tillage practice, weed pressure, nutrient requirements, and animal resources. Environmental sustainability is linked to water management and changes in water movement related to changing tillage practices and crop rotations. Surface runoff of herbicides and leaching of nitrate-N are the two primary pathways of off-site movement. Reduction in tillage intensity decreases the chance of surface runoff; however, it may induce changes in weed populations necessitating a change in weed management strategies. Environmental sustainability can be enhanced by changes in tillage practices and water management. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DANMARKS JORDBRUGSFORSKNING PI SLAGELSE PA AFD PLANTEBESKYTTELSE FORSKNINGSCENTER FLAKKEBJERG, DK 4200 SLAGELSE, DENMARK BN 87-984996-1-0 PY 1996 BP 1339 EP 1348 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BL70T UT WOS:000076408300209 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Biles, CL AF Russo, VM Biles, CL TI Incubation temperature affects changes in cucumber seed proteins and mineral content SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GERMINATION; CORN; IMBIBITION; STRESS AB Suboptimal soil temperatures retard germination of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seed leading to uneven stands and reduced yield. This project was undertaken to determine how concentration of minerals (N, NO2-, NO3-, P, HPO4-2, K, SO4-2, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Na) and density of protein bands in seed of the cvs. 'Arkansas Little Leaf and 'Earlipik 14' changed during germination and radicle elongation. Seed were incubated in distilled water in petri dishes at 13.9, 15.6 and 20 degrees C. Seed were analyzed for mineral content and proteins prior to incubation and then at intervals up to 168 hr. At 20 degrees C, at least 90% of seed of both cultivars germinated by 48 hr. The content of N, P, HPO4-2 and SO4-2 in 'Earlipik 14' seed were significantly less at 13.9 or 15.6 than at 20 degrees C. This suggests leakage of minerals occurred at suboptimal temperatures. After 24 hr incubation at 20 degrees C the density of the 70.1 Kda protein band in gets did not increase, while density of 37.4, 43.4, and 50 Kda protein bands increased in seed of both cultivars. Ar the other temperatures density of protein bands in gels increased until 120 hrs. The data suggests that low cucumber germination rates at suboptimal temperatures were related to: 1) leakage of minerals, and/or 2) the lack of formation or denaturation of proteins associated with germination and radicle elongation. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,S CENT AGR RES SERV,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 24 IS 2 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VL358 UT WOS:A1996VL35800015 ER PT J AU Schaad, NW Wang, ZK Di, M McBeath, J Peterson, GL Bonde, MR AF Schaad, NW Wang, ZK Di, M McBeath, J Peterson, GL Bonde, MR TI An improved infiltration technique to test the pathogenicity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae in rice seedlings SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; RESISTANCE AB When testing the pathogenicity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by the standard leaf clipping technique, we normally observed a bleached, hypersensitive-like reaction preceding a general yellowing or browning of the tissue. Water-soaked lesions were seldom observed, even on plants in a lighted dew chamber at 100% RH. However, by using a plastic disposable 1.0-ml syringe modified to infiltrate rice leaves, water-soaked lesions developed in 5-7 days after infiltration with X. oryzae. Exudate was often evident after 8-10 days. The infiltration technique was compared to the leaf clipping technique by inoculating plants of rice cv IR-24 with six strains of X. o. pv. oryzae from Asia, three strains of X. o. pv. oryzae (X1-5, X1-8, and X37-2) from Texas, four strains of X. o. pv. oryzicola, and two unknown yellow-pigmented bacteria (isolated from California rice seeds) in a commercial, lighted dew chamber. Inoculation by the clipping technique usually resulted in bleached or tan-colored lesions regardless of the organism used. Using the infiltration technique, narrow, dark green, water-soaked lesions consistently developed with all strains of X. o. pv. oryzae and X. o. pv. oryzicola from Asia, but not with the Texas strains or the unknown bacteria. This simple infiltration technique should be very useful for the accurate determination of the pathogenicity of rice xanthomonads. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), ARS,USDA,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 24 IS 3 BP 449 EP 456 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VZ860 UT WOS:A1996VZ86000003 ER PT J AU Vozzo, JA Halloin, JM Cooper, TG Potchen, EJ AF Vozzo, JA Halloin, JM Cooper, TG Potchen, EJ TI Use of NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging for discriminating Juglans nigra L seeds SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-TISSUES; MICROSCOPY; WATER AB Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) seeds are large and require stratification for germination. However, many seeds fail to germinate following stratification. Radiography can be used to select empty seeds, but cannot determine which full seeds will germinate. The objective of this study was to determine if any discrimination could be achieved through use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of seeds. Both NMR spectroscopy and MRI were as effective as radiography for detecting empty seeds. NMR spectroscopy before stratification showed that most full seeds gave proton spectral peaks for both water and lipids; some full seeds, however, showed no major lipid peak and consistently failed to germinate following stratification. NMR spectra of seeds following stratification were similar to those obtained before stratification. Results of MRI experiments mirrored those of spectroscopy experiments: seeds lacking large amounts of lipid produced images with very low intensity relative to those containing abundant lipid. Images of all embryos were more intense following stratification. Among seeds containing large amounts of lipid, germinable seeds were indistinguishable from non-germinable ones by either method. RP Vozzo, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, FORESTRY SCI LAB, POB 928, STARKVILLE, MS 39760 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU ISTA-INT SEED TESTING ASSOC PI BASSERSDORF PA ZUERICHSTR 50, PO BOX 308, CH-8303 BASSERSDORF, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 24 IS 3 BP 457 EP 463 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VZ860 UT WOS:A1996VZ86000004 ER PT J AU Vierling, RA Wilcox, JR AF Vierling, RA Wilcox, JR TI Microplate assay for soybean seed coat peroxidase activity SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Soybean seed coats are a readily available source of peroxidase. Because of the oxidative nature of peroxidase, there are several areas where it could replace current chemical oxidation techniques. The objective of this research was to develop a non-destructive, quantitative peroxidase assay for efficient identification of high-peroxidase soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] genotypes. An enzyme-capture assay was developed, which allowed both sensitive and reliable quantitation of peroxidase activity. The technique showed a linear response to solutions of known peroxidase activity and could distinguish between high and low peroxidase cultivars as measured by guaiacol. This technique identified differences in peroxidase activity between genotypes within a segregating population and would aid in the efficient selection and identification of high-peroxidase cultivars, which could provide a large, renewable source of peroxidase. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Vierling, RA (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,INDIANA CROP IMPROVEMENT ASSOC,1150 LILLY HALL LIFE SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 24 IS 3 BP 485 EP 494 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA VZ860 UT WOS:A1996VZ86000007 ER PT J AU King, JW Favati, F Taylor, SL AF King, JW Favati, F Taylor, SL TI Production of tocopherol concentrates by supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; OIL AB Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been combined with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) in a preparative mode to develop a system for fractionating and enriching high value constituents contained in seed oil matrices. The system consists of an extraction step sequenced on-line with a sorbent filled column, which permits a SFE-enriched tocopherol fraction to be diverted onto the chromatographic column for further enrichment of the tocopherols. For the SFE stage, the tocopherol enrichment was optimized at 25 MPa and 80 degrees C for soybean flakes and rice bran. However, total tocopherol recovery and enrichment was also found to be a critical function of the mass ratio of CO2/seed charge. Approximately 60% of the available tocopherols in soyflakes can be recovered in the SFE step, yielding enrichment factors of 1.83-4.33 for the four tocopherol species found in soy-bean oil. Additional enrichment of tocopherol species can be realized in the SFC stage, ranging from 30.8 for delta-tocopherol to 2.41 for beta-tocopherol. C1 UNIV BASILICATA,DIPARTIMENTO BIOL DBAF,I-85100 POTENZA,ITALY. RP King, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Favati, Fabio/J-1601-2012 NR 27 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 13 BP 1843 EP 1857 DI 10.1080/01496399608001014 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA UY120 UT WOS:A1996UY12000005 ER PT J AU Thomas, JW AF Thomas, JW BE Evans, KE TI Sharing common ground - A way toward common solutions SO SHARING COMMON GROUND ON WESTERN RANGELANDS: PROCEEDINGS OF A LIVESTOCK/BIG GAME SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Livestock/Pig Game Symposium - Sharing Common Ground on Western Rangelands CY FEB 26-28, 1996 CL SPARKS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn AB This paper looks at the evolution of livestock/big game conflict resolution on Western rangelands since the advent of the ''Seeking Common Ground'' initiative in 1991. Land use and management problems facing public and private land managers are discussed as is the quest to find the balance between the needs of wildlife and livestock/interest groups. Discussion of the Owl Mountain, CO, Devil's Kitchen, MT, and Bruneau River Projects, NV, are provided as examples of on-the-ground successes. Emphasis is placed on the collaborative and partnership nature of the ''Seeking Common Ground'' program and the importance of sustainable management of public rangelands. Identification of common elements of success and potential action items for the future me identified. RP Thomas, JW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,POB 96090,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 343 BP 6 EP 8 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78U UT WOS:A1996BG78U00002 ER PT J AU Fox, B AF Fox, B BE Evans, KE TI Montana's Livestock Big Game Coordinating Committee SO SHARING COMMON GROUND ON WESTERN RANGELANDS: PROCEEDINGS OF A LIVESTOCK/BIG GAME SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT INTERMOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Livestock/Pig Game Symposium - Sharing Common Ground on Western Rangelands CY FEB 26-28, 1996 CL SPARKS, NV SP USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn AB Following the Seeking Common Ground Symposium held in September 1991, key Federal, State, and livestock industry representatives in Montana met to discuss cooperative approaches to Livestock/big game issues. This group has been active since October 1991. The Committee has gone through a number of steps in order to gain a common understanding of problems and facilitate cooperative solutions including:(1) sharing perspectives, (2) identifying common ground, (3) identifying a desired future, and (4) taking actions that move toward a desired future. RP Fox, B (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,NO REG REG OFF,POB 7669,FED BLDG,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTARIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 J9 USDA INTERM PY 1996 VL 343 BP 104 EP 106 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BG78U UT WOS:A1996BG78U00023 ER EF