FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sakai, HF Noon, BR AF Sakai, HF Noon, BR TI Between-habitat movement of dusky-footed woodrats and vulnerability to predation SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California; dispersal; dusky-footed woodrat; ecotonal boundary; emigration; home range; movement; Neotoma fuscipes; northern spotted owl; predation; radiotelemetry; shrubfield ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; COLUMBIAN GROUND-SQUIRRELS; HOME-RANGE; DISPERSAL; POPULATION; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; LANDSCAPE; MAMMALS; SIZE AB Management of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in northwestern California is aided by knowledge of its prey base, the dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes). From late April through September 1990, we radiotracked 25 dusky-footed woodrats representing both sexes and a cross section of age classes (ad, subad, and juv). Animals were captured in sapling/poletimber shrubfields resulting from past clearcut timber harvest. In northwestern California woodrats reach their highest densities in this seral stage. During evening radiotracking sessions, we detected intermittent, short distance movements of juvenile and subadult males and females, and adult females from shrubfields into adjacent old-growth forests occupied by spotted owls. None of the radiotagged woodrats permanently emigrated to older-aged forests during our study period. Between-year emigration from shrubfield to old forest, however, mas documented for marked individuals. Our telemetry results indicate that woodrats are not averse to crossing sharp ecotonal boundaries from shrubfieIds into adjacent old forest, into canopy openings in these forests, or into natural openings within dense shrubfields. A substantial number of our radiotagged woodrats were killed by predators, with carcasses most often (5 of 9 depredated woodrats) found in adjacent old forest. These observations suggest that during these between-habitat forays, woodrats may be more vulnerable to avian and mammal predators. Therefore, to some degree, the existence of brushy shrubfields adjacent to older forest may increase the availability of woodrats to predators, such as spotted owls, that exploit prey from a variety of habitats but spend the majority of their time hunting in late seral stage forests. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,REDWOOD SCI LAB,ARCATA,CA 95521. NR 44 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.2307/3802590 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA XD779 UT WOS:A1997XD77900010 ER PT J AU Tarrant, MA Cordell, HK Kibler, TL AF Tarrant, MA Cordell, HK Kibler, TL TI Measuring perceived crowding for high-density river recreation: The effects of situational conditions and personal factors SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE preferred encounters; perceived encounters; tolerable encounters; social carrying capacities; use specialization ID BACKCOUNTRY ENCOUNTER NORMS; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; MODEL AB The authors examined the interaction of 3 situational variables (activity type, location, and encounter type) on 3 predictors of perceived crowding (perceived preferred and tolerable encounter levels). A total of 310 kayakers and canoers and 356 rafters completed on-site and mail-back surveys regarding their trip on the Nantahala River in North Carolina during Summer 1994. A multiple regression analysis showed that preferred and perceived encounters were more effective predictors of perceived crowding than tolerable encounter levels but the relative effect of these measures depended on the situational context. Respondents' ability to specify tolerable encounter levels depended on their level of specializatian. Any attempt to establish use limits must carefully consider all the aspects of the river use situation and recognize that multiple capacities may be related to location, activity, and type of use to be encountered. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ATHENS,GA. RP Tarrant, MA (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,RAMSEY CTR 353,DEPT RECREAT & LEISURE STUDIES,WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 19 IS 2 BP 97 EP 112 PG 16 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA XB152 UT WOS:A1997XB15200002 ER PT J AU Nelson, GJ Kelley, DS Emken, EA Phinney, SD Kyle, D Ferretti, A AF Nelson, GJ Kelley, DS Emken, EA Phinney, SD Kyle, D Ferretti, A TI A human dietary arachidonic acid supplementation study conducted in a metabolic research unit: Rationale and design SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Dietary Arachidonic Acid in Humans at the Annual Meeting of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc ID BUTTER-ENRICHED DIET; FATTY-ACIDS; PLASMA-LIPIDS; SERUM-LIPIDS; LEAN BEEF; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; RICH; BIOSYNTHESIS; RATS AB While there are many reports of studies that fed arachidonic acid (AA) to animals, there are very few reports of AA feeding to humans under controlled conditions. This 130-d study was conceived as a controlled, symmetrical crossover design with healthy, adult male volunteers. They lived in the metabolic research unit (MRU) of the Western Human Nutrition Research (WHNRC) for the entire study. All food was prepared by the WHNRC kitchen. The basal (low-AA) diet consisted of natural foods (30 en% fat, 15 en% protein, and 55 en% carbohydrate), containing 210 mg/d of AA, and met the recommended daily allowance for all nutrients. The high-AA (intervention) diet was similar except that 1.5 g/d of AA in the form of a triglyceride containing 50% AA replaced an equal amount of high-oleic safflower oil in the basal diet. The subjects (ages 20 to 39) were within -10 to +20% of ideal body weight, nonsmoking, and not allowed alcohol in the MRU. Their exercise level was constant, and their body weights were maintained within 2% of entry level. Subjects were initially fed the low-AA diet for 15 d. On day 16, half of the subjects (group A) were placed on the high-AA diet, and the other group (B) remained on the low-AA diet. On day 65, the two groups switched diets. On day 115, group B returned to the low-AA diet. This design, assuming no carryover effect, allowed us to merge the data from the two groups, with the data comparison days being 65 (low-AA) and 115 (high-AA) for group B and 130 (low-AA) and 65 (high-AA) for group A. The main indices studied were the fatty acid composition of the plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and adipose tissue; in vitro platelet aggregation, bleeding times, clotting factors; immune response as measured by delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, cellular proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to various mitogens and antigens, natural killer cell activity, and response to measles/mumps/rubella and influenza vaccines; the metabolic conversion of deuterated linoleic acid to AA and the metabolic fate of deuterated AP, in the subjects on and off the high-AA diet; and the production of eicosanoids as measured by excretion of 11-DTXB2 and PGl(2)-M in urine. The results of these studies will be presented in the next five papers from this symposium. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. MARTEK CORP,COLUMBIA,MD 21045. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Nelson, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,PRESIDIO SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s11745-997-0054-8 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WU665 UT WOS:A1997WU66500011 PM 9113630 ER PT J AU Nelson, GJ Schmidt, PC Bartolini, G Kelley, DS Kyle, D AF Nelson, GJ Schmidt, PC Bartolini, G Kelley, DS Kyle, D TI The effect of dietary arachidonic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Dietary Arachidonic Acid in Humans at the Annual Meeting of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc ID ANTITHROMBIN-III; RAT-LIVER; LIPIDS; TISSUE; PATHOGENESIS; CELLS AB Arachidonic acid (AA) is the precursor of thromboxane and prostacyclin, two of the most active compounds related to platelet function. The effect of dietary AA on platelet function in humans is not understood although a previous study suggested dietary AA might have adverse physiological consequences on platelet function. Here normal healthy male volunteers (n = 10) were fed diets containing 1.7 g/d of AA for 50 d. The control diet contained 210 mg/d of AA. Platelet aggregation in the platelet-rich plasma was determined using ADP, collagen, and AA. No statistical differences could be detected between the aggregation before and after consuming the high-AA diet. The prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and the antithrombin III levels in the subjects were determined also. There were no statistically significant differences in these three parameters when the values were compared before and after they consumed the high-AA diet. The in vivo bleeding times also did not Show a significant difference before and after the subjects consumed the high-AA diet. Platelets exhibited only small changes in their AA content during the AA feeding period. The results from this study on blood clotting parameters and in vitro platelet aggregation suggest that adding 1.5 g/d of dietary AA for 50 d to a typical Western diet containing about 200 mg of AA produces no observable physiological changes in blood coagulation and thrombotic tendencies in healthy, adult males compared to the unsupplemented diet. Thus, moderate intakes of foods high in AA have few effects on blood coagulation, platelet function, or platelet fatty acid composition. C1 MARTEK CORP,COLUMBIA,MD 21045. RP Nelson, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,PRESIDIO SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 37 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 421 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s11745-997-0055-7 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WU665 UT WOS:A1997WU66500012 PM 9113631 ER PT J AU Nelson, GJ Schmidt, PC Bartolini, G Kelley, DS Phinney, SD Kyle, D Silbermann, S Schaefer, EJ AF Nelson, GJ Schmidt, PC Bartolini, G Kelley, DS Phinney, SD Kyle, D Silbermann, S Schaefer, EJ TI The effect of dietary arachidonic acid on plasma lipoprotein distributions, apoproteins, blood lipid levels, and tissue fatty acid composition in humans SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Dietary Arachidonic Acid in Humans at the Annual Meeting of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; RAT-LIVER; CHOLESTEROL; MEN; SUPPLEMENTATION; TRIGLYCERIDES; METABOLISM; PLATELETS; EXCRETION; WOMEN AB Normal healthy male volunteers (n = 10) were fed diets (high-AA) containing 1.7 g/d of arachidonic acid (AA) for 50 d. The control (low-AA) diet contained 210 mg/d of AA. Dietary AA had no statistically significant effect on the blood cholesterol levels, lipoprotein distribution, or apoprotein levels. Adipose tissue fatty acid composition was not influenced by AA feeding. The plasma total fatty acid composition was markedly enriched in AA after 50 d (P < 0.005). The fatty acid composition of plasma lipid fractions, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipid (PL) showed marked differences in the degree of enrichment in AA. The PL plasma fraction from the subjects consuming the low-AA diet contained 10.3% AA while the subjects who consumed the high-AA diet had plasma PL fractions containing 19.0% AA. The level of 22:4n-6 also was different (0.67 to 1.06%) in the plasma PL fraction after 50 d of AA feeding. After consuming the high-AA diet, the total red blood cell fatty acid composition was significantly enriched in AA which mainly replaced linoleic acid. These results indicate that dietary AA is incorporated into tissue lipids, but selectively into different tissues and lipid classes. Perhaps more importantly, the results demonstrate that dietary AA does not alter blood lipids or lipoprotein levels or have obvious adverse health effects at this level and duration of feeding. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. MARTEK CORP,COLUMBIA,MD 21045. PERLIMMUNE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,USDA,CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Nelson, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,PRESIDIO SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 42 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1007/s11745-997-0056-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WU665 UT WOS:A1997WU66500013 PM 9113632 ER PT J AU Ferretti, A Nelson, GJ Schmidt, PC Kelley, DS Bartolini, G Flanagan, VP AF Ferretti, A Nelson, GJ Schmidt, PC Kelley, DS Bartolini, G Flanagan, VP TI Increased dietary arachidonic acid enhances the synthesis of vasoactive eicosanoids in humans SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Dietary Arachidonic Acid in Humans at the Annual Meeting of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc ID FISH-OIL SUPPLEMENTATION; FATTY-ACIDS; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; PROSTACYCLIN PRODUCTION; REDUCES EXCRETION; RAT; MEN; PLATELET; LIPIDS; INVIVO AB Data on the effect of dietary arachidonic acid (AA) (20:4n-6) on the synthesis of thromboxane and prostacyclin (PGl(2)) in humans are lacking. We measured the effect of 1.5 g/d (ca. 0.5 en%) of 20:40-6 added isocalorically to a stabilization (low-AA) diet on the excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B-2 (11-DTXB2) and 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF(1 alpha) (PGl(2)-M). In a crossover design, 10 healthy men, living in a metabolic unit, were fed a diet (low-AA) containing 210 mg/d of 20:4n-6 for 65 d and an identical diet (high-AA) that contained 1.5 g/d of additional 20:4n-6 for 50 d. Three-day urine pools were collected at the end of each dietary period and analyzed for eicosanoids by gas chromatography-electron capture negative ion-tandem mass spectrometry. Mean excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B-2 was 515 +/- 76, 493 +/- 154, and 696 +/- 144 ng/d (SD; n = 10) during the acclimation (15 d) low-AA diet and high-AA diet periods, respectively (41% increase from low-AA to high-AA diet, P = 0.0037); mean excretion of PGl(2)-M was 125 +/- 40, 151 +/- 36, and 192 +/- 55 ng/d (SD; n = 10) during acclimation (15 d) low-AA and high-AA diets, respectively (27% increase from low-AA to high-AA diets; P = 0.0143). Thus, both the metabolites of thromboxane and PGl(2), increase on the high-AA diet. Furthermore, both indicated changes in metabolite excretion may be associated with measurable effects on several physiologically significant cellular functions, such as platelet aggregation in vivo and inflammation in response to immune challenges. C1 USDA ARS, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BIOENERGET RES UNIT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. RP Ferretti, A (reprint author), USDA, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ARS, NUTRIENTS REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BARC E, ROOM 122, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 435 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s11745-997-0057-5 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WU665 UT WOS:A1997WU66500014 PM 9113633 ER PT J AU Emken, EA Adlof, RO Duval, SM Nelson, GJ AF Emken, EA Adlof, RO Duval, SM Nelson, GJ TI Influence of dietary arachidonic acid on metabolism in vivo of 8cis,11cis,14-eicosatrienoic acid in humans SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Dietary Arachidonic Acid in Humans at the Annual Meeting of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID; ETHYL-ESTERS; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; ABSORPTION; DESATURATION; OIL; RATS; N-3; PHOSPHOLIPIDS AB This study investigated the influence of dietary arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) on Delta 5 desaturation and incorporation of deuterium-labeled 8 cis, 11 cis, 14-eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-6) into human plasma lipids. Adult male subjects (n = 4) were fed diets containing either 1.7 g/d (Hl20:4 diet) or 0.21 g/d (LO20:4 diet) of arachidonic acid for 50 d and then dosed with a mixture containing ethyl esters of 20:3n-6[d4] and 18:1n-9[d2]. A series of blood samples was sequentially drawn over a 72-h period, and methyl esters of plasma total lipid, triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and cholesteryl ester were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on the concentration of 20:3n-6[d4] in total plasma lipid, the estimated conversion of 20:3n-6[d4] to 20:4n-6[d4] was 17.7 +/- 0.79% (Hl20:4 diet) and 2.13 +/- 1.44% (LO20:4 diet). The concentrations of 20;4n-b[d4] in total plasma lipids from subjects fed the Hl20:4 and LO20:4 diets were 2.10 +/- 0.6 and 0.29 +/- 0.2 mu mole/mL plasma/mmole of 20:3n-6[d4] fed/kg of body weight. These data indicate that conversion of 20:3n-6[d4] to 20:4n-6[d4] was stimulated 7-8-fold by the Hl20:4 diet. Phospholipid acyltransferase was 2.5-fold more selective for 20:3n-6[d4] than 18:1n-9[d2], and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase was 2-fold more selective for 18:1n-9[d2] than 20:3n-6[d4]. These differences in selectivity were not significantly influenced by diet. Absorption of ethyl 20:3n-6[d4] was about 33% less than ethyl 18:1n-9[d2]. The sum of the n-6 retroconversion products from 20:3n-6[d4] in total plasma lipids was about 2% of the total deuterated fatty acids. Neither absorption nor retroconversion appears to be influenced by diet. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. RP Emken, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1007/s11745-997-0058-4 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WU665 UT WOS:A1997WU66500015 PM 9113634 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Taylor, PC Nelson, GJ Schmidt, PC Mackey, BE Kyle, D AF Kelley, DS Taylor, PC Nelson, GJ Schmidt, PC Mackey, BE Kyle, D TI Effects of dietary arachidonic acid on human immune response SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Dietary Arachidonic Acid in Humans at the Annual Meeting of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; HUMAN-SKIN; IN-VITRO; PROLIFERATION; METABOLITES; SUPPLEMENTATION; PROSTAGLANDINS; LYMPHOCYTES AB Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor of eicosanoids, which influence human health and the in vitro activity of immune cells. We therefore examined the effects of dietary AA on the immune response (IR) of 10 healthy men living at our metabolic suite for 130 d. All subjects were fed a basal diet containing 27 energy percentage (en%) fat, 57 en% carbohydrate, and 16 en% protein (AA, 200 mg/d) for the first and last 15 d of the study. Additional AA (1.5 g/d) was incorporated into the diet of six men from day 16 to 65 while the remaining four subjects continued to eat the basal diet. The diets of the two groups were crossed-over from day 66 to 115. in vitro indexes of IR were examined using the blood samples drawn on days 15, 58, 65, 108, 115, and 127. The subjects were immunized with the measles/mumps/rubella vaccine on day 35 and with the influenza vaccine on day 92. Dietary AA did not influence many indexes of IR (peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin, Concanavalin A, pokeweed, measles/mumps/rubella, and influenza vaccines prior to immunization, and natural killer cell activity). The post immunization proliferation in response to influenza vaccine was about fourfold higher in the group receiving high-AA diet compared to the group receiving low-AA diet (P = 0.02). Analysis of variance of the data pooled from both groups snowed that the number of circulating granulocytes was significantly (P = 0.03) more when the subjects were fed the high-AA diet than when they were fed the low-AA diet. The small increases in granulocyte count and the in vitro proliferation in response to influenza vaccine caused by dietary AA may not be of clinical significance. However, the lack of any adverse effects on IR indicates that supplementation with AA may be done safely when needed for other health reasons. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. MARTEK CORP,COLUMBIA,MD 21045. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 38 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1007/s11745-997-0059-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WU665 UT WOS:A1997WU66500016 PM 9113635 ER PT J AU Hu, Z Rohrer, GA Stone, RT Murtaugh, MP Beattie, CW AF Hu, Z Rohrer, GA Stone, RT Murtaugh, MP Beattie, CW TI Genomic mapping of chemokine and transforming growth factor genes in swine SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID PIG SUS SCROFA; LINKAGE MAP; PORCINE GENOME; BOVINE GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; MAMMALS AB Five chemokine genes, transforming growth factors alpha, beta 2 and 3 (TGFBA, TGFB-2, and TGFB-3), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP-2), were mapped to porcine linkage groups on Chromosomes 3q, 10p, 7q, 8, and 12q, respectively. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for these genes were developed by Southern blot hybridization after digestion of porcine genomic DNA with BamHI and MspI (TGFBA), BamHI and PvuII (TGFB-2), HindIII (TGFB-3), BglII (IL-8), and PstI (MCP-2) and used to genotype the USDA-MARC Swine Reference Population pigs. Sufficient informative meioses, 61 (TGFBA), 58 (TGFB-2), 28 (TGFB-3), 38 (IL-8), and 156 (MCP-2), were available to pursue two-point pairwise linkage analysis with over 1,000 existing loci in the USDA-MARC genome database to establish initial linkage (LOD > 3). Multi-point analysis with CRIMAP determined the most likely order for each new marker. The assignment of the five chemokine genes in swine concurs with previous porcine/human chromosomal homologies based on results from ZOO-FISH and chromosomal painting experiments. These findings add five new informative Type I markers within a single gene family to the swine genome and may help us understand the genetic basis for disease resistance in livestock. C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD APR PY 1997 VL 8 IS 4 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s003359900402 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA WQ070 UT WOS:A1997WQ07000004 PM 9096103 ER PT J AU PfisterGenskow, M Weesner, GD Hayes, H Eggen, A Bishop, MD AF PfisterGenskow, M Weesner, GD Hayes, H Eggen, A Bishop, MD TI Physical and genetic localization of the bovine cannabinoid receptor (CNR1) gene to bovine chromosome 9 SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID INSITU HYBRIDIZATION C1 ARS,USDA,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. INRA,CTR RECH JOUY EN JOSAS,BIOCHIM GENET LAB,F-78350 JOUY EN JOSAS,FRANCE. RP PfisterGenskow, M (reprint author), ABS GLOBAL INC,DNA RES & TESTING LAB,DE FOREST,WI 53532, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD APR PY 1997 VL 8 IS 4 BP 301 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s003359900426 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA WQ070 UT WOS:A1997WQ07000028 PM 9096127 ER PT J AU Fields, M Lewis, CG AF Fields, M Lewis, CG TI Hepatic iron overload may contribute to hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in copper-deficient rats SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID THIOL DISULFIDE EXCHANGE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY COPPER; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CARBOHYDRATE; GLUTATHIONE; METABOLISM; FRUCTOSE; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; DEFEROXAMINE AB The present study was conducted in order to determine whether hepatic iron retention in rats fed a copper-deficient diet containing fructose is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. and whether a reduction of iron intake will prevent elevation of blood triglycerides and cholesterol. Rats were fed from weaning either a copper-deficient (0.6 mu g Cu/g)or copper-adequate (6.0 mu g Cu/g) diet for 4 weeks. Half the rats consumed either an adequate level of iron (50 mu g Fe/g) or a low level (17 mu g Fe/g), Reduction of iron intake reduced blood levels of both triglycerides and cholesterol in rats fed a copper-deficient diet containing fructose, In addition, hepatic lipid peroxidation was also decreased. The combination of high iron, low copper, and fructose may be responsible for increased levels of risk-factor metabolites associated with heart disease. Copyright (C) 1997 by W.B. Saunders Company. RP Fields, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,METAB & NUTRIENT INTERACT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 68 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD APR PY 1997 VL 46 IS 4 BP 377 EP 381 DI 10.1016/S0026-0495(97)90051-2 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WR357 UT WOS:A1997WR35700007 PM 9109839 ER PT J AU DiezGonzalez, F Russell, JB AF DiezGonzalez, F Russell, JB TI The ability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to decrease its intracellular pH and resist the toxicity of acetic acid SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; enterohaemorrhagic; intracellular pH; acetate toxicity ID ANION ACCUMULATION; RUMEN CONTENTS; METHYLGLYOXAL; FERMENTATION; GROWTH; HOMEOSTASIS; BACTERIA AB Batch cultures of Escherichia coli K-12 grew well in an anaerobic glucose medium at ph 5.9, but even small amounts of acetate (26 mM) inhibited growth and fermentation. E. coli O157:H7 was at least fourfold more resistant to acetate than K-12. Continuous cultures of E. coli K-12 (pH 5.9, dilution rate 0.085 h(-1)) did not wash out until the sodium acetate concentration in the input medium was 80 mM, whereas E. coli O157:H7 persisted until the sodium acetate concentration was 160 mM. E. coli K-12 cells accumulated as much as 500 mM acetate, but the intracellular acetate concentration of O157:H7 was never greater than 300 mM. Differences in acetate accumulation could be explained by intracellular ph and the transmembrane pH gradient (Delta pH). E. coli K-12 maintained a more or less constant Delta pH (intracellular ph 6.8), but E. coli O157:H7 let its Delta pH decrease from 0.9 to 0.2 units as sodium acetate was added to the medium. Sodium acetate increased the rate of glucose consumption, but there was little evidence to support the idea that acetate was creating a futile cycle of protons. Increases in glucose consumption rate could be explained by increases in D-lactate production and decreases in ATP production. Intracellular acetate was initially lower than the amount predicted by Delta pH. but intracellular acetate and Delta pH were in equilibrium when the external acetate concentrations were high. Based on these results, the acetate tolerance of O157:H7 can be explained by fundamental differences in metabolism and intracellular ph regulation. By decreasing the intracellular ph and producing large amounts of D-lactate, O157:H7 is able to decrease Delta pH and prevent toxic accumulations of intracellular acetate anion. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 32 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiology-(UK) PD APR PY 1997 VL 143 BP 1175 EP 1180 PN 4 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WW498 UT WOS:A1997WW49800016 PM 9141680 ER PT J AU Bidochka, MJ Walsh, SRA Ramos, ME StLeger, RJ Carruthers, RI Silver, JC Roberts, DW AF Bidochka, MJ Walsh, SRA Ramos, ME StLeger, RJ Carruthers, RI Silver, JC Roberts, DW TI Cloned DNA probes distinguish endemic and exotic Entomophaga grylli fungal pathotype infections in grasshopper life stages SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cloned DNA probes; Entomophaga grylli; grasshoppers; exotic fungi; biological control ID ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; CANNIBALISM AB Entomophaga grylli is a fungal pathogen of grasshoppers and at least three pathotypes are recognized world-wide. Pathotypes 1 and 2 are endemic to North America while the Australian pathotype 3 had been released into two field sites in North Dakota between 1989 and 1991. Grasshoppers were collected over the summer at the field sites in 1992 and assessed for pathotype infection by cloned DNA probe analysis. The three most predominant grasshopper species that were infected (Melanoplus sanguinipes, M. bivittatus and Camnula pellucida) were assessed for pathotype infection with respect to their life stages (nymphal instars and adult males and females). Pathotype 1 predominantly infected grasshoppers in the subfamilies Oedipodinae and Gomphocerinae and pathotype 2 predominantly infected grasshoppers in the subfamily Melanoplinae. Early-instar M. sanguinipes and M. bivittatus had higher pathotype 2 infection frequencies, while late-instar and adult C. pellucida had higher pathotype 1 infection frequencies. Cross-infection by the pathotypes did occur in up to 3% of the individuals, on a per species basis, and primarily in later instar and adult grasshoppers. Pathotype 3 infections occurred in later instar and adults of the three grasshopper species. Infection of grasshoppers by E. grylli pathotypes is discussed with reference to the fungal Life cycles. C1 CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV TORONTO,DIV LIFE SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,TORONTO,ON M1C 1A4,CANADA. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78579. RI St. Leger, Raymond /N-3219-2013; Roberts, Donald/B-6649-2014 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 4 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00187.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA WT760 UT WOS:A1997WT76000001 ER PT J AU Takagi, Y Talbot, NC Rexroad, CE Pursel, VG AF Takagi, Y Talbot, NC Rexroad, CE Pursel, VG TI Identification of pig primordial germ cells by immunocytochemistry and lectin binding SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE pig; swine; genital ridge; primordial germ cells; SSEA-1 ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; HUMAN TERATOCARCINOMA CELLS; MOUSE EMBRYOS; ADULT TISSUES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; ANTIGEN SSEA-1; CULTURE; MURINE; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB Monoclonal antibodies antiSSEA-1 and EMA-1, and the lectins DBA and LTA, bound to the surface of large, round cells randomly distributed in the 26-day pig genital ridge. Other antibodies, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81, did not react with any cells in the pig genital ridge. SSEA-1-positive cells displayed pseudopods and appeared to migrate from the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut (18-day) to the primordium of the gonad (day 23) and entered the genital ridge by 26 days. The number of SSEA-1-positive cells associated with the dorsal mesentery and genital ridge markedly increased from the 18-day to the 26-day pig embryo. It was concluded that the SSEA-1-positive cells were primordial germ cells (PGCs). Using these markers and alkaline phosphatase histochemistry, pig PGCs derived from the 26-day genital ridge showed no proliferation when grown in STO co-culture in the presence of human LIF, bFGF and SCF. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. SHINSHU UNIV,FAC AGR,MINAMIMINOWA,NAGANO,JAPAN. NR 49 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD APR PY 1997 VL 46 IS 4 BP 567 EP 580 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199704)46:4<567::AID-MRD14>3.0.CO;2-T PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA WQ419 UT WOS:A1997WQ41900014 PM 9094103 ER PT J AU Turner, D Kovacs, W Kuhls, K Lieckfeldt, E Peter, B ArisanAtac, I Strauss, J Samuels, GJ Borner, T Kubicek, CP AF Turner, D Kovacs, W Kuhls, K Lieckfeldt, E Peter, B ArisanAtac, I Strauss, J Samuels, GJ Borner, T Kubicek, CP TI Biogeography and phenotypic variation in Trichoderma sect Longibrachiatum and associated Hypocrea species SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENUS TRICHODERMA; REVISION; VIRIDE; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; STRAINS; FUNGI; NOV AB Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), using both fingerprinting (M13, [GTG](5), [GACA](4)) and random [V5] primers; has been used to analyse 145 isolates characteristic of Trichoderma sect. Longibrachiatum and Hypocrea species with anamorphs referable to that section, and to identify strains with named species of sect. Langibrachiatum. To this end, ex-type strains of T. longibrachiatum, T. pseudokoningii, T. citrinoviride, T. parceramosum and T., resei were analysed, and the similarity coefficients of RAPD characters used as a criterion for the alignment of strains to individual species. The ex-type strains of T. saturnisporum and T. ghanense exhibited the same interspecific similarity index as the other ex-type strains of Trichoderma sect. Longibrachiatum, and clustered well within it and were therefore included into this section. 103 isolates were identified as members of Trichoderma sect. Longibrachiatum and further investigated. Most of the anamorphic isolates could be aligned with T. citrinaviride or T. longibrachiatum, whereas only a few strains of T. saturnisporum and T. parceramosum were found. No naturally occurring anamorphs with homology to the ex-type strains of T. reesei and T. pseudokoningii were found. While T. longibrachiatum and T. citrinoviride overlapped through much of their geographic ranges, the former was, present in Africa and India but not in southeast Asia, while the reverse was true of the latter. The African strains of T. longibrachiatum were equally distant from the ex-type strains of T. longibrachiatum, T. parceramosum and T. saturnisporum. The type strain of T. ghanense was identified as belonging to this group. T. pseudokoningii, the anamorph of Hypocrea schweinilzii, was found exclusively in eastern Australia and New Zealand. Attempts to identify potential teleomorphs of the other anamorphs revealed another subgroup of H. schweinilzii, occurring in temperate climates in Europe and U.S.A., as homologous to T. citrinoviride. No Hypocrea strains could be identified as teleomorphs of T. longibrachiatum, T. parceramosum or T. saturnisporum. C1 TECH UNIV VIENNA,INST BIOCHEM TECHNOL & MIKROBIOL,MIKROBIELLE BIOCHEM ABT,A-1060 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. HUMBOLDT UNIV BERLIN,INST BIOL GENET,D-10115 BERLIN,GERMANY. ILDIZ T UNIV,TR-80270 ISTANBUL,TURKEY. USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 41 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 101 BP 449 EP 459 DI 10.1017/S0953756296002845 PN 4 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA WY469 UT WOS:A1997WY46900011 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH Crownover, SH Gordon, DR AF Greenberg, CH Crownover, SH Gordon, DR TI Roadside soils: A corridor for invasion of xeric scrub by nonindigenous plants SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE exotic plants; invasive plants; roadside soils; roadside vegetation; scrub ID LAKE WALES RIDGE; DISTURBANCE; FIRE; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND; COMMUNITY; ANNUALS; WEEDS; PH AB Invasion of ecosystems by nonindigenous species threatens native biodiversity by altering species composition and site characteristics, and by potentially impacting endangered species. We compared plant communities and soil characteristics along clay, limerock, and unmodified sand roadsides, and in adjacent clearcuts in xeric Florida sand pine scrub to test our hypothesis that modified soils used in constructing roadways provide a roadside corridor for invasion by nonindigenous species and species that are uncharacteristic of xeric scrub. Clay and limerock roadsides had more clay and less sand than sand roadsides or clearcuts. Soil pH and levels of several nutrients differed significantly in limerock roadsides relative to the other substrates. In general, sand roadsides and clearcuts had higher characteristic but lower uncharacteristic and nonindigenous plant cover and number of species than modified roadside substrates. This suggests that xeric scrub may be somewhat resistant to invasion where native soils are present, even if disturbed. However, presence of nonindigenous species suggests that roadways facilitate the transport of source propagules to otherwise remote sites. Especially where roadside and native soil characteristics differ markedly, conditions may be enhanced for invasion by nonindigenous and uncharacteristic plants. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,BENT CREEK RES & DEMONSTRAT FOREST,1577 BREVARD RD,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806, USA. NR 51 TC 64 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 1997 VL 17 IS 2 BP 99 EP 109 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA WW164 UT WOS:A1997WW16400002 ER PT J AU Ewers, FW Cochard, H Tyree, MT AF Ewers, FW Cochard, H Tyree, MT TI A survey of root pressures in vines of a tropical lowland forest SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE lianas; vines; root pressure; xylem water potential; Barro Colorado Island ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY RECOVERY; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS L; SEASONAL-CHANGES; XYLEM EMBOLISM; ACER-SACCHARUM; WATER; CAVITATION; TRACHEIDS; STEMS; MODEL AB Pre-dawn xylem pressures were measured with bubble manometers attached near the stem bases of 32 species of vines on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, to determine if pressures were sufficient to allow for possible refilling of embolized vessels. Of 29 dicotyledonous species 26 exhibited only negative xylem pressures, even pre-dawn during the wet season. In contrast, three members of the Dilleniaceae exhibited positive pre-dawn xylem pressures, with a maximum of 64 kPa in Doliocarpus major. A pressure of 64 kPa is sufficient to push water to a height of 6.4 m against gravity, but the specimens reached heights of 18 m. Thus, in all 29 dicotyledons examined, the xylem pressures were not sufficient to refill embolized vessels in the upper stems. In contrast, two of the smaller, non-dicotyledonous vines, the climbing fern Lygodium venustrum and the viny bamboo Rhipidocladum racemiflorum, had xylem pressures sufficient to push water to the apex of the plants. Therefore, a root pressure mechanism to reverse embolisms in stem xylem could apply to some but not to most of the climbing plants that were studied. C1 US FOREST SERV,AIKEN FORESTRY SCI LAB,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. INRA,UNITE ECOPHYSIOL FORESTIERE,F-54280 CHAMPENOUX,FRANCE. RP Ewers, FW (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. RI Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015 OI Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072 NR 38 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 22 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 1997 VL 110 IS 2 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s004420050149 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WW157 UT WOS:A1997WW15700006 PM 28307424 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE Allen, PS Beckstead, J AF Meyer, SE Allen, PS Beckstead, J TI Seed germination regulation in Bromus tectorum (Poaceae) and its ecological significance SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID HABITAT-CORRELATED VARIATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LIFE-HISTORY; DOWNY BROME; POPULATIONS; SCROPHULARIACEAE; DIFFERENTIATION; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS; DORMANCY AB Bromus tectorum is a winter annual grass that has become extensively naturalized in western North America. Its seeds are usually at least conditionally dormant at dispersal and lose dormancy through dry afterripening. Germination response to temperature for recently harvested seeds and rate of change in germination response during afterripening were examined for collections from 21 western North American populations representing a wide array of habitats. Analysis of variance showed highly significant among-population differences in germination response variables. Principal components analysis of 20 germination variables revealed groups of populations that could be characterized by distinct response syndromes. Degree of dormancy at summer temperatures in recently harvested seeds as well as rate of dormancy loss during dry storage could be related to the risk of premature summer germination in different habitats. Mojave Desert populations showed the most clearly differentiated response. Populations from Intermountain desert and foothill habitats showed intermediate responses and did not form distinct groups. Montane populations showed the widest variation. Fully afterripened seeds from all populations were nondormant and could germinate quickly across a wide temperature range. These results demonstrate the existence of adaptively significant variation in germination response. Such variation probably represents the beginning of genetic differentiation as a result of selection among and within founder populations. Lack of a consistent relationship with habitat reflects the stochastic nature of colonization and the fact that diverse germination strategies may permit persistence, especially in less extreme habitats. C1 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,PROVO,UT 84602. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT BOT & RANGE SCI,PROVO,UT 84602. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,USDA,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 47 TC 65 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 17 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 1997 VL 78 IS 3 BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.2307/3545609 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WU941 UT WOS:A1997WU94100007 ER PT J AU Busing, RT White, PS AF Busing, RT White, PS TI Species diversity and small-scale disturbance in an old-growth temperate forest: A consideration of gap partitioning concepts SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; CANOPY GAPS; COMMUNITY; REGENERATION; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; TREES; HYPOTHESIS; SEEDLINGS AB The importance of spatial partitioning of gap resources in the maintenance of tree species diversity was studied in an Appalachian old-growth forest. We established three I-ha plots, subdivided into contiguous 10 x 10 m subplots, in a mesic cove forest with a disturbance regime characterized by small canopy gaps (<0.1 ha). For tests of partitioning along the gradient from gap interior to the shaded understory, canopy cover of each subplot was classified as gap, gap border, or non-gap. For tests of gap-size partitioning, gap and gap border subplots were classed by gap size. Species-accumulation curves for the regeneration stratum (stems >1.37 m tall and less than or equal to 10 cm DBH) based on: (1) species per unit area, and (2) species per individual were plotted for each of the canopy cover classes and for all subplots combined. The species-area curve for gaps was steeper than the all-subplots curve that represented the entire gradient from gap centers to the shaded understory. By contrast, all of the species-individuals curves were similar. Sorrenson's indices showed that only gap subplots, particularly those associated with large gaps, had highly self-similar species composition. Furthermore, the relative abundance of most species was similar between gaps and the shaded understory. However, intolerant species often had higher relative abundance in gaps, especially in gaps greater than or equal to 0.04 ha in size. We concluded that gap partitioning hypotheses applied to some intolerants, but not to tolerants. The density hypothesis, a null model attributing species richness levels to stem density levels, largely explained the richness patterns in our study forest. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP Busing, RT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 43 TC 84 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 19 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 1997 VL 78 IS 3 BP 562 EP 568 DI 10.2307/3545618 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WU941 UT WOS:A1997WU94100016 ER PT J AU Carey, VF Hoagland, RE Talbert, RE AF Carey, VF Hoagland, RE Talbert, RE TI Resistance mechanism of propanil-resistant barnyardgrass .2. In-vivo metabolism of the propanil molecule SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE propanil; Echinochloa crus-galli; barnyard grass; herbicide resistance; aryl acylamidase; metabolism; enzyme inhibition ID ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; ARYL ACYLAMIDASE; JUNGLE-RICE; 3',4'-DICHLOROPROPIONANILIDE; COLONA; HYDROLYSIS; TOLERANCE AB Propanil-resistant barnyardgrass populations, previously verified in Arkansas rice fields and in greenhouse tests, were examined in the laboratory to ascertain if the resistance mechanism in this weed biotype was herbicide metabolism. Propanil-resistant barnyardgrass was controlled >95% in the greenhouse when carbaryl (an aryl acylamidase inhibitor) was applied two days prior to propanil. Laboratory studies with C-14-radiolabelled propanil indicated that the herbicide was hydrolysed in propanil-resistant barnyardgrass and rice to form 3,4-dichloroaniline, but no detectable hydrolysis occurred in susceptible barnyardgrass. Two additional polar metabolites were detected in propanil-resistant barnyardgrass and rice and tentatively identified by thin layer chromatography. Overall, metabolites in the resistant barnyardgrass had R(f), values similar to those in rice, indicating similar metabolism for both species. These data, coupled with data from a previous report on the resistant biotype showing no differential absorption/translocation or molecular modification of the herbicide binding site in the resistant biotype, indicate that the resistance mechanism is metabolic degradation of propanil. C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. UNIV ARKANSAS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 49 IS 4 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199704)49:4<333::AID-PS541>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA WR299 UT WOS:A1997WR29900003 ER PT J AU Martens, DA Bremner, JM AF Martens, DA Bremner, JM TI Inhibitory effects of fungicides on hydrolysis of urea and nitrification of urea nitrogen in soil SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fungicides; urea transformations; nitrification; soil ID TRANSFORMATIONS; DYRENE; MANEB AB The influence of 1 and 50 mg active ingredient (Al) kg(-1) soil of 17 fungicides on transformations of urea nitrogen in soil was studied by determining the amounts of urea hydrolysed and the amounts of nitrate and nitrite produced when samples of two coarse-textured and two fine-textured soils were incubated aerobically for various times after treatment with urea When applied at the rate of 1 mg AI kg(-1) soil, anilazine, benomyl, captan, chloranil, mancozeb and thiram retarded urea hydrolysis in the two coarse-textured soils and maneb retarded urea hydrolysis in all four of the soils used. Most of the fungicides tested retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in the two coarse-textured soils when applied at the rare of 1 mg Al kg(-1) soil, but only etridiazole markedly retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in all of the soils used when applied at this rate. When the fungicides were applied at the rate of 50 mg AI kg(-1) soil, anilazine, captan, chloranil, fenaminosulf, folpet, maneb, mancozeb and thiram retarded urea hydrolysis in the four soils studied, and all fungicides tested except chloroneb, fenarimol and iprodione retarded nitrification of urea nitrogen in these soils. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analyses indicated that the inhibitory effects of the 17 fungicides tested on nitrification of urea nitrogen in soil increased with decrease in the organic-matter content and increase in the sand content of the soil. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP Martens, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 49 IS 4 BP 344 EP 352 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199704)49:4<344::AID-PS538>3.0.CO;2-D PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA WR299 UT WOS:A1997WR29900005 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Fischer, DL Primus, TM AF Avery, ML Fischer, DL Primus, TM TI Assessing the hazard its granivorous birds feeding on chemically treated seeds SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1994 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE avian hazard; seed treatment; granivory; imidacloprid; handling time ID INSECTICIDE; SPARROWS; RICE AB Current methods for evaluating hazards to seed-eating birds are based on estimated exposure per unit area and assume that birds ingest all of the chemical on a treated seed. In an earlier study, however, it was determined that red-winged blackbirds removed only about 15% of an insecticidal treatment applied to individual rice seeds. Here, we extend those findings by examining the seed-handling behavior of four granivorous bird species exposed to millet, rice, sunflower and sorghum treated with imidacloprid. Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura L,) swallowed the seed whole. House finches (Carpodacus mexicanus Muller), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phaeniceus L.) and boat-tailed grackles (Quiscalus major Vieillot) discarded the seed hulls, however, and removed only 15-40% of the initial chemical treatment. Residues on seed hulls decreased as handling time increased, Sunflowers had the lowest residues because birds repeatedly handled the hull to remove bits of the oily Kernel. These results suggest that avian hazard assessment methods should incorporate species-typical seed-handling behavior to assess more accurately birds' exposure to chemicals on different types of seed. C1 BAYER CORP,DIV AGR,STILWELL,KS 66085. USDA,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), USDA,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32641, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 49 IS 4 BP 362 EP 366 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199704)49:4<362::AID-PS540>3.0.CO;2-W PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA WR299 UT WOS:A1997WR29900007 ER PT J AU Sicher, RC Bunce, JA AF Sicher, RC Bunce, JA TI Relationship of photosynthetic acclimation to changes of Rubisco activity in field-grown winter wheat and barley during growth in elevated carbon dioxide SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CO2 enrichment; wheat (Triticum aestivum); barley (Hordeum vulgare); photosynthetic acclimation; Rubisco; leaf proteins; premature senescence ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE-OXYGENASE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ENRICHMENT; PROTEINS; PLANTS; YIELD AB The responses of photosynthesis, Rubisco activity, Rubisco protein, leaf carbohydrates and total soluble protein to three carbon dioxide treatments were studied in winter wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)] and barley [Hordeum vulgare (L.)]. Barley and wheat plants were grown in small field plots during 1995 and 1996 in clear, acrylic chambers (1.2-2.4 m(2)) and were provided with continuous carbon dioxide fertilization at concentrations of 350, 525 and 700 mu mol mol(-1). Photosynthetic rates of barley penultimate leaves and wheat flag leaves measured at growth carbon dioxide concentrations decreased with leaf age in all three CO2 treatments during 1995 and 1996. Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 was observed on seven of eight measurement dates for barley and ten of eleven measurement dates for wheat over both years. Initial Rubisco activity, total soluble protein and Rubisco protein in barley penultimate leaves and wheat flag leaves also decreased with leaf age. Total Rubisco activity was not used because of enzyme degradation. There was a significant CO2 treatment effect on initial Rubisco activity, total soluble protein and Rubisco protein for wheat in 1995 and 1996 and for barley in 1995. Responses of barley penultimate leaf Rubisco activity and leaf protein concentrations to elevated carbon dioxide were nonsignificant in 1996. A significant CO2 treatment effect also was detected when means of Rubisco activity, soluble protein and Rubisco protein for wheat flag leaves were combined over harvests and years. These three flag leaf parameters were not significantly different in the 350 and 525 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 treatments but were decreased during growth in 700 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 relative to the other two CO2 treatments. Ratios of photosynthesis at 700 and 350 mu mol mol(-1) were compared to ratios of Rubisco activity at 700 and 350 mu mol mol(-1) using wheat flag leaf data from 1995 and 1996. Regression analysis of these data were linear [y = 0.586 + 1.103x(r(2) = 0.432)] and were significant at P less than or equal to 0.05. This result indicated that photosynthetic acclimation was positively correlated with changes of initial Rubisco activity in wheat flag leaves in response to CO2 enrichment. Effects of elevated CO2 on wheat leaf proteins during 1995 and 1996 and on barley during 1995 were consistent with an acceleration of senescence. RP Sicher, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BLDG 046-A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1023/A:1005874932233 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN404 UT WOS:A1997XN40400002 ER PT J AU Pressey, R AF Pressey, R TI Two isoforms of NP24: A thaumatin-like protein in tomato fruit SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; Solanaceae; tomato; NP24; antifungal proteins ID POLYGALACTURONASE; ANTIFUNGAL AB Two isoforms (I and II) of the thaumatin-like protein NP24 have been discovered in extracts of NP24 I increased ca 8-fold during ripening of tomato fruit, whereas NP24 II increased slightly as the fruit began to change colour and then remained constant. Both proteins were purified to homogeneity and one of them, NP24 I, was obtained in crystalline form. The proteins are similar except for differences in binding to cation exchangers and in two amino acids of the N-terminal amino acid sequences. The NP24s were tested as growth inhibitors of six different fungi and found to differ in effectiveness, but both proteins were most effective on Phomo betae and Verticillium dahliae. These proteins may be involved in disease resistance in tomatoes, but the increase in NP24 I during ripening suggests a possible role in fruit development and ripening. Copyright (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Pressey, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 17 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1997 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1241 EP 1245 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00667-X PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA WN472 UT WOS:A1997WN47200003 PM 9115696 ER PT J AU Micard, V Grabber, JH Ralph, J Renard, CMGC Thibault, JF AF Micard, V Grabber, JH Ralph, J Renard, CMGC Thibault, JF TI Dehydrodiferulic acids from sugar-beet pulp SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; Chenopodiaceae; sugar-beet pulp; ferulic acid; diferulic acids; dehydrodiferulic acids ID PRIMARY-CELL WALL; FERULIC ACID; FERULOYLATED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; DIFERULIC ACID; IDENTIFICATION; PECTINS; COMPONENTS AB Sugar-beet pulp was found to contain dehydrodimers of ferulic acid, which were characterized and quantified by GC and GC-mass spectrometry. These compounds arise from 8-5', 5-5', 8-8' and 8-O-4' coupling, the 8-5' form being preponderant; no 4-O-5' dimer was detected. Total dehydrodimers represented 0.14% (w/w) of the pulp. Their release was attempted by treatment of the pulp with a commercial pectinase. However, diferulates were resistant to this enzymic hydrolysis; free diferulic acids were not released and remained esterified to residual structures of the sugar-beet pectins. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 INRA, BIOCHIM & TECHNOL GLUCIDES LAB, F-44316 NANTES 03, FRANCE. USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RI Renard, Catherine/F-1137-2015; OI Renard, Catherine/0000-0002-8904-5517; MICARD, VALERIE/0000-0002-5193-9136 NR 27 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1997 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1365 EP 1368 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00699-1 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA WN472 UT WOS:A1997WN47200025 ER PT J AU Martin, FN English, JT AF Martin, FN English, JT TI Population genetics of soilborne fungal plant pathogens - Introduction SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,SALINAS,CA 93905. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1997 VL 87 IS 4 BP 446 EP 447 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.4.446 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN267 UT WOS:A1997XN26700012 PM 18945125 ER PT J AU Goodwin, SB AF Goodwin, SB TI The population genetics of Phytophthora SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Population Genetics of Soilborne Fungal Plant Pathogens, at the 87th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY AUG 16, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc ID NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; A2 MATING-TYPE; INFESTANS POPULATIONS; ISOZYME ANALYSIS; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; ASEXUAL POPULATIONS; UNITED-STATES; SOJAE RACES RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,1155 LILLY HALL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 111 TC 170 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1997 VL 87 IS 4 BP 462 EP 473 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.4.462 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN267 UT WOS:A1997XN26700015 PM 18945128 ER PT J AU Yermiyahu, U Nir, S BenHayyim, G Kafkafi, U Kinraide, TB AF Yermiyahu, U Nir, S BenHayyim, G Kafkafi, U Kinraide, TB TI Root elongation in saline solution related to calcium binding to root cell plasma membranes SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE calcium; plasma membrane; root elongation; salinity; sodium ID SEEDLING GROWTH; NACL; PROTOPLASTS; POTASSIUM; ALUMINUM; VESICLES; STRESS; MAIZE; RHIZOTOXICITY; PHYTOTOXICITY AB To gain a better understanding of the relations between root elongation and the amount of Ca2+ bound to the plasma membrane (PM), melon plants were grown in aerated solutions containing different concentrations of CaCl2 with various concentrations of NaCl or mannitol. With increasing external concentrations of NaCl or mannitol, root elongation was suppressed. Addition of CaCl2 to the external medium alleviated the inhibition of root elongation by high concentrations of Na+, but not of mannitol. Root elongation in media containing high concentrations of NaCl was correlated with the computed amount of Ca2+ bound to the PM. A model describing relative root elongation (RRL) under salt stress was developed. This model takes into account the osmotic potential in the growing solution (based on the mannitol experiments) and the computed amount of Ca2+ bound to the PM. Calcium binding was calculated by applying a Gouy-Chapman-Stern sorption model using the same parameters deduced from studies on PM vesicles. This model combines electrostatic theory with competitive binding at the PM surface. The model for RRL allowed the computation of a critical value for the fraction of negative sites binding Ca2+ on the PM needed for nearly optimal (95%) root elongation. Any decrease below this critical value decreased the RRL. Root elongation of Honey Dew (salt-resistant cv.) was greater than that of Eshkolit Ha'Amaqim (salt-sensitive cv.) under NaCl stress. Nearly optimal root growth for Honey Dew and Eshkolit Ha'Amaqim occurred when 40% and 51% of total membrane charged sites were bound by Ca2+, respectively. The effect of osmotic potential on the suppression of root elongation was the same for the two cultivars. To our knowledge, this report provides the first fully quantitative estimates of PM-bound Ca2+ relative to salt toxicity. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BEAVER,WV 25813. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,SEAGRAM CTR SOIL & WATER SCI,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST HORT,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,DEPT FIELD & VEGETABLE CROPS,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 1997 VL 191 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1023/A:1004241506347 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XP697 UT WOS:A1997XP69700007 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Shortle, WC Lawrence, GB David, MB Minocha, SC AF Minocha, R Shortle, WC Lawrence, GB David, MB Minocha, SC TI Relationships among foliar chemistry, foliar polyamines, and soil chemistry in red spruce trees growing across the northeastern United States SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE aluminium; calcium; magnesium; putrescine; spermidine ID ALUMINUM TOXICITY; INORGANIC-IONS; CELLULAR POLYAMINES; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; FOREST DECLINE; PLANT-TISSUES; WOODY PLANT; SEEDLINGS; CALCIUM AB Forest trees are constantly exposed to various types of natural and anthropogenic stressors. A major long-term goal of our research is to develop a set of early physiological and biochemical markers of stress in trees before the appearance of visual symptoms. Six red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) stands from the northeastern United States were selected for collection of soil and foliage samples. All of the chosen sites had soil solution pH values below 4.0 in the Oa horizon but varied in their geochemistry. Some of these sites were apparently under some form of environmental stress as indicated by a large number of dead and dying red spruce trees. Samples of soil and needles (from apparently healthy red spruce trees) were collected from these sites four times during a two-year period. The needles were analyzed for perchloric acid-soluble polyamines and exchangeable inorganic ions. Soil and soil solution samples from the Oa and B horizons were analyzed for their exchange chemistry. The data showed a strong positive correlation between Ca and Mg concentrations in the needles and in the Oa horizon of the soil. However, needles from trees growing on relatively Ca-rich soils with a low exchangeable Al concentration and a low Al:Ca soil solution ratio had significantly lower concentrations of putrescine and spermidine than those growing on Ca-poor soils with a high exchangeable ill concentration and a high AI:Ca soil solution in the Oa horizon. The magnitude of this change was several fold higher for putrescine concentrations than for spermidine concentrations. Neither putrescine nor spermidine were correlated with soil solution Ca, Mg, and Al concentrations in the B horizon. The putrescine concentrations of the needles always correlated significantly with exchangeable Al (r(2)=0.73, p less than or equal to 0.05) and soil solution Al:Ca ratios (r(2)=0.91, p less than or equal to 0.01) of the Oa horizon. This suggests that in conjunction with soil chemistry, putrescine and/or spermidine may be used as a potential early indicator of Al stress before the appearance of visual symptoms in red spruce trees. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,TROY,NY 12180. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT PLANT BIOL,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP Minocha, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 1997 VL 191 IS 1 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1023/A:1004293523185 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XP697 UT WOS:A1997XP69700011 ER PT J AU Pritchard, SG Peterson, CM Prior, SA Rogers, HH AF Pritchard, SG Peterson, CM Prior, SA Rogers, HH TI Elevated atmospheric CO2 differentially affects needle chloroplast ultrastructure and phloem anatomy in Pinus palustris: Interactions with soil resource availability SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus palustris; Pinaceae; longleaf pine; acclimation; chloroplast ultrastructure; CO2; resource limitations ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; PLANT-RESPONSES; SPRUCE NEEDLES; SEEDLINGS; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; TRANSLOCATION; ACCLIMATION; PHOSPHORUS AB The response of forest species to increasing atmospheric CO2, particularly under resource limitations, will require study in order to predict probable changes which may occur at the plant, community and ecosystem levels, Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings were grown for 20 months at two levels of CO2 (365 and 720 mu mol mol(-1)) in two levels of soil nitrogen (4 and 40 g m(-2)), and with two levels of soil moisture (-0.5 and -1.5 MPa xylem pressure potential), Leaf tissue was collected in the spring (12 months exposure) and autumn (20 months exposure) and examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy, During early spring, elevated CO2 magnified effects of N and water treatment on starch accumulation and in some cases contributed to altered organization of mesophyll chloroplasts. Disruption of chloroplast integrity was pronounced under elevated CO2, low N and water stress, In autumn, needles contained little starch; however, chloroplasts grown under high CO2 exhibited stress symptoms including increased plastoglobuli and shorter grana, A trend for reduced needle phloem cross-sectional area resulting from fewer sieve cells was also observed under elevated CO2, These results suggest that, in nature, longleaf pine seedlings may not benefit from a doubling of CO2, especially when soil resources are limiting. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. NR 52 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 461 EP 471 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-92.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WT871 UT WOS:A1997WT87100005 ER PT J AU Damsteegt, VD Waterworth, HE Mink, GI Howell, WE Levy, L AF Damsteegt, VD Waterworth, HE Mink, GI Howell, WE Levy, L TI Prunus tomentosa as a diagnostic host for detection of plum pox virus and other Prunus viruses SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE virus indexing ID POTYVIRUS AB The efficacy of seedlings of Prunus persica cv. GF 305, P. persica cv. Siberian C, and P. tomentosa (Nanking Cherry) as diagnostic indicators of plum pox infection, and of P. tomentosa for other Prunus viruses was evaluated by graft-inoculation with eight different strains or isolates of plum pox virus (PPV) representative of the Marcus (M) and Dideron (D) serogroups; and one isolate each of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), prune dwarf Virus (PDV), and sour cherry green ring mottle virus (GRMV). The initial PPV symptoms that developed in P. tomentosa within 30 days after inoculation were chlorotic banding along the midrib spreading to lateral veins from the leaf base upward, giving the appearance of a chlorotic oak-leaf pattern. Symptoms caused by PPV-M could be distinguished from those caused by PPV-D. Virus titers in infected P. tomentosa and GF 305 were higher than those in Siberian C when measured by triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infections by PNRSV, PDV, and GRMV were evident with the first flush of vegetative growth. C1 USDA ARS, GLENN DALE, MD 20769 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PROSSER, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Damsteegt, VD (reprint author), USDA ARS, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1997 VL 81 IS 4 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.4.329 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN281 UT WOS:A1997XN28100002 ER PT J AU Smilanick, JL Mackey, BE Reese, R Usall, J Margosan, DA AF Smilanick, JL Mackey, BE Reese, R Usall, J Margosan, DA TI Influence of concentration of soda ash, temperature, and immersion period on the control of postharvest green mold of oranges SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; RESISTANT; IMAZALIL AB Oranges were inoculated with spores of Penicillium digitatum, the citrus green mold pathogen, and immersed 24 h later in heated soda ash (Na2CO3, sodium carbonate) solutions to control postharvest citrus green mold. Oranges were immersed for 1 or 2 min in solutions containing 0, 2, 4, or 6% (wt/vol) soda ash heated to 35.0, 40.6, 43.3, or 46.1 degrees C. After 3 weeks of storage at 10 degrees C, the number of decayed oranges was determined. Soda ash significantly controlled green mold in every test. The most effective control of green mold was obtained at 40.6 or 43.3 degrees C with 4 or 6% soda ash. The concentration of soda ash greatly influenced efficacy, whereas the influences of temperature or immersion period on soda ash efficacy were small. Solutions of 4 and 6% soda ash were similar in efficacy and provided superior control of green mold compared with 2% soda ash. The control of green mold by soda ash solutions heated to 40.6 or 43.3 degrees C was slightly superior to control by solutions heated to 35.0 or 46.1 degrees C. The control of green mold by 1-min immersion of inoculated oranges in heated soda ash solutions was inferior to immersion for 2 min, but the magnitude of the difference, particularly with 6% soda ash, was small. A second-order response surface model without interactions was developed that closely described the influence of soda ash concentration, temperature, and immersion period on efficacy. The efficacy of soda ash under commercial conditions was better than that predicted by the model, probably because under commercial conditions the fruit were rinsed less thoroughly with water after treatment than in laboratory tests. The primary finding of this work was that soda ash controlled 24-h-old green mold infections at commercially useful levels using shorter immersion periods and lower temperatures than those recommended by other workers for the use of soda ash on lemons. The oranges were not visibly injured in any test. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BIOMETR UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710. SUNKIST GROWERS,FRESH FRUIT SCI,RES & TECH SERV,LINDSAY,CA 93247. CTR UDL,IRTA,AREA POSTCOLLITA,LLEIDA 25198,CATALONIA,SPAIN. USDA ARS,FRESNO,CA 93727. RP Smilanick, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1997 VL 81 IS 4 BP 379 EP 382 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.4.379 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN281 UT WOS:A1997XN28100012 ER PT J AU Juzwik, J Meyer, JM AF Juzwik, J Meyer, JM TI Colonization of oak wilt fungal mats by Ophiostoma piceae during spring in Minnesota SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Graphium pirinum; insect transmission AB The colonization of Ceratocystis fagacearum fungal mats of different ages by Ophiostoma piceae on Quercus spp. was determined in three east-central Minnesota locations during the spring of 1995. The extent of the mat area colonized by O. piceae generally increased with mat age. Subsamples per mat yielding the fungus for the three locations averaged 11 to 27% for immature mats, 65 to 72% for mature mats, and 66 to 96% for aging and declining mats. On a mat-incidence basis, frequencies of O. piceae isolation from at least one subsample of an immature mat ranged from 30 to 53% compared with more than 90% for all other mat ages in the three locations. The average number of colony-forming units of O. piceae per square centimeter ranged from 1 x 10(3) to 1.2 x 10(6) and increased with mat age. The extent of C. fagacearum recovery from each mat was lower for aging plus declining mats (P < 0.03) compared with other ages in two locations. On a mat-incidence basis, frequency of C. fagacearum recovery from at least one subsample of a mat averaged 99% for all ages of mats in all locations. The interaction between O. piceae and C. fagacearum on mats, nitidulids, and the oak wound surface is discussed. RP Juzwik, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1997 VL 81 IS 4 BP 410 EP 414 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.4.410 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN281 UT WOS:A1997XN28100018 ER PT J AU Rossman, AY Taylor, NJ AF Rossman, AY Taylor, NJ TI First report of Nematostoma artemisiae on Artemisia in the United States. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,PLANT & PEST DIAGNOST CLIN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP Rossman, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS,SYST BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1997 VL 81 IS 4 BP 424 EP 424 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.4.424A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN281 UT WOS:A1997XN28100023 ER PT J AU Stanosz, GR Heimann, MF Lee, IM AF Stanosz, GR Heimann, MF Lee, IM TI Purple coneflower is a host of the aster yellows phytoplasma. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,MOL PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Stanosz, GR (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1997 VL 81 IS 4 BP 424 EP 424 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.4.424C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN281 UT WOS:A1997XN28100025 ER PT J AU Kosslak, RM Chamberlin, MA Palmer, RG Bowen, BA AF Kosslak, RM Chamberlin, MA Palmer, RG Bowen, BA TI Programmed cell death in the root cortex of soybean root necrosis mutants SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PISUM-SATIVUM L; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENETIC-CONTROL; APOPTOSIS; ETHYLENE; PLANTS; TOBACCO; MAIZE; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION AB The soybean root necrosis (rn) mutation causes a progressive browning of the root soon after germination that is associated with accumulation of phytoalexins and pathogenesis-related proteins and an increased tolerance to root-borne infection by the fungal pathogen, Phytophthora sojae. Grafting and decapitation experiments indicate that the rn phenotype is root-autonomous at the macroscopic level. However, the onset and severity of browning was modulated in intact plants by exposure to light, as was the extent of lateral root formation, suggesting that both lateral roots and the rn phenotype could be directly or indirectly controlled by similar shoot-derived factors. Browning first occurs in differentiated inner cortical cells adjacent to the stele and is preceded by a wave of autofluorescence that emanates from cortical cells opposite the xylem pales and spreads across the cortex. Before any visible changes in autofluorescence or browning, fragmented DNA was detected by TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling) in small clusters of inner cortical cells that subsequently could be distinguished cytologically from neighboring cells throughout rn root development. Inner cortical cells overlying lateral root primordia in either Rn or rn plants also were stained by TUNEL. Features commonly observed in animal cell apoptosis were confirmed by electron microscopy but, surprisingly, cells with a necrotic morphology were detected alongside apoptotic cells in the cortex of rn roots when TUNEL-positive cells were first observed. The two morphologies may represent different stages of a common pathway for programmed cell death (pcd) in plant roots, or two separate pathways of pcd could be involved. The phenotype of rn plants suggests that the Rn gene could either negatively regulate cortical cell death or be required for cortical cell survival. The possibility of a mechanistic link between cortical cell death in rn plants and during lateral root emergence is discussed. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,JOHNSTON,IA 50131. IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FCR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. NR 58 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD APR PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 729 EP 745 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1997.11040729.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WY170 UT WOS:A1997WY17000009 PM 9161033 ER PT J AU Sarmiento, C Ross, JHE Murphy, DJ AF Sarmiento, C Ross, JHE Murphy, DJ TI Expression and subcellular targeting of a soybean oleosin in transgenic rapeseed. Implications for the mechanism of oil-body formation in seeds SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SINAPIS-ALBA L; BRASSICA-NAPUS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; LIPID BODIES; STORAGE; LOCALIZATION; ISOFORMS; CELLS; GENE AB Two genomic clones, encoding isoforms A and B of the 24 kDa soybean oleosin and containing 5 kbp and 1 kbp, respectively, of promoter sequence, were inserted separately into rapeseed plants. T-2 seeds from five independent transgenic lines, three expressing isoform A and two expressing isoform B, each containing one or two copies of the transgene, were analysed in detail. In all five lines, the soybean transgenes exhibited the same patterns of mRNA and protein accumulation as the resident rapeseed oleosins, i.e. their expression was absolutely seed-specific and peaked at the mid-late stages of cotyledon development. The 24 kDa soybean oleosin was targeted to and stably integrated into oil bodies, despite the absence of a soybean partner isoform. The soybean protein accumulated in young embryos mainly as a 23 kDa polypeptide, whereas a 24 kDa protein predominated later in development. The ratio of rapeseed:soybean oleosin in the transgenic plants was about 5:1 to 6:1, as determined by SDS-PAGE and densitometry. Accumulation of these relatively high levers of soybean oleosin protein did not affect the amount of endogenous rapeseed oleosin. Immunoblotting studies showed that about 95% of the recombinant soybean 24 kDa oleosin (and the endogenous 19 kDa rapeseed oleosin) was targeted to oil bodies, with the remainder associated with the microsomal fraction. Sucrose density-gradient centrifugation showed that the oleosins were associated with a membrane fraction of buoyant density 1.10-1.14 g ml(-1), which partially overlapped with several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers. Unlike oleosins associated with oil bodies, none of the membrane-associated oleosins could be immunoprecipitated in the presence of protein A-Sepharose, indicating a possible conformational difference between the two pools of oleosin. Complementary electron microscopy-immunocytochemical studies of transgenic rapeseed revealed that all oil bodies examined could be labelled with both the soybean or rapeseed anti-oleosin antibodies, indicating that each oil body contained a mixed population of soybean and rapeseed oleosins. A small but significant proportion of both soybean and rapeseed oleosins was located on ER membranes in the vicinity of oil bodies, but none were detected on the bulk ER cisternae. This is the first report of apparent targeting of oleosins via ER to oil bodies in vivo and of possible associated conformational/processing changes in the protein. Although oil-body formation per se can occur independently of oleosins, it is proposed that the relative net amounts of oleosin and oil accumulated during the course of seed development are a major determinant of oil-body size in desiccation-tolerant seeds. C1 JOHN INNES CTR PLANT SCI RES,DEPT BRASSICA & OILSEEDS RES,NORWICH NR4 7UH,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Murphy, Denis J/0000-0002-5291-2445 NR 52 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD APR PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 783 EP 796 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1997.11040783.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WY170 UT WOS:A1997WY17000013 PM 9161036 ER PT J AU Wu, HG Echt, CS Popp, MP Davis, JM AF Wu, HG Echt, CS Popp, MP Davis, JM TI Molecular cloning, structure and expression of an elicitor-inducible chitinase gene from pine trees SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chitosan; class II chitinase; defense response; gymnosperm; Pinus; transgenic plants ID PLANT CHITINASES; MESSENGER-RNAS; REPORTER GENE; II GENE; TOBACCO; PROMOTER; TISSUE; BETA-1,3-GLUCANASE; INDUCTION; RESPONSES AB We have cloned, sequenced, and examined the expression of genes from pine toes that appear to encode extracellular class II chitinase. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicates a coding sequence composed of three exons interrupted by two introns at locations identical to those found in other chitinase genes that possess introns. One of the genes, Pschi4, potentially encodes a protein that shares 62% amino acid sequence identity through the catalytic domain with class II chitinase from tobacco. In contrast, Pschi1 contains a stop codon in the first exon and may be a pseudogene. Pschi4 genes are conserved in several species of pine, and appear to comprise a small multigene family. Treatment of pine cell suspension cultures with the general elicitor chitosan induced Pschi4 expression. The regulatory sequences associated with the Pschi4 gene were sufficient to direct chitosan-inducible expression of Pschi4! in transgenic tobacco plants, which indicates that Pschi4 is an actively expressed member of the multigene family. The observation that the Pschi4 gene from pine (a gymnosperm) was appropriately regulated by chitosan in tobacco (an angiosperm) suggests that the signaling pathways that mediate chitosan-induced transcription are highly conserved in the plant kingdom. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,PLANT MOL & CELLULAR BIOL PROGRAM,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES & CONSERVAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. US FOREST SERV,USDA,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. RI Echt, Craig/H-4684-2012 OI Echt, Craig/0000-0001-9330-4051 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 6 BP 979 EP 987 DI 10.1023/A:1005708611020 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA WZ473 UT WOS:A1997WZ47300004 PM 9154980 ER PT J AU Jones, TL Ort, DR AF Jones, TL Ort, DR TI Circadian regulation of sucrose phosphate synthase activity in tomato by protein phosphatase activity SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPINACH LEAVES; NITRATE REDUCTASE; LIGHT ACTIVATION; MESSENGER-RNAS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; RHYTHMS; PHOSPHORYLATION; PURIFICATION; INHIBITION AB Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), a key enzyme in sucrose biosynthesis, is regulated by protein phosphorylation and shows a circadian pattern of activity in tomato. SPS is most active in its dephosphorylated state, which normally coincides with daytime. Applying okadaic acid, a potent protein phosphatase inhibitor, prevents SPS activation. More interesting is that a brief treatment with cycloheximide, a cytoplasmic translation inhibitor, also prevents the light activation of SPS without any effect on the amount of SPS protein. Cordycepin, an inhibitor of transcript synthesis and processing, has the same effect. Both of these inhibitors also prevent the activation phase of the circadian rhythm in SPS activity. Conversely, cycloheximide and cordycepin do not prevent the decline in circadian SPS activity that normally occurs at night. These observations indicate that SPS phosphatase activity but not SPS kinase activity is controlled, directly or indirectly, at the level of gene expression. Taken together, these data imply that there is a circadian rhythm controlling the transcription of a protein phosphatase that subsequently dictates the circadian rhythm in SPS activity via effects on this enzyme's phosphorylation state. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 113 IS 4 BP 1167 EP 1175 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WU188 UT WOS:A1997WU18800017 ER PT J AU Kalaitzis, P Solomos, T Tucker, ML AF Kalaitzis, P Solomos, T Tucker, ML TI Three different polygalacturonases are expressed in tomato leaf and flower abscission, each with a different temporal expression pattern SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; POLLEN; FRUIT; CELLULASE; INITIATION; ETHYLENE; CLONING; LEAVES; MAIZE AB Abscission, or organ separation, is accompanied by a marked increase in hydrolases, which are responsible for the degradation of the middle lamella and the loosening of the primary cell wall surrounding cells in the separation layer. We recently reported on the cloning of a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) polygalacturonase (PG) cDNA, TAPG1, expressed during leaf and flower abscission. In addition to TAPG1, we have cloned two more PG cDNAs (TAPG2 and TAPG4) that are also expressed during leaf and flower abscission. The peptide sequences for the three abscission PGs are relatively similar (76-93% identity) yet different from the those of tomato fruit PG (38-41% identity). None of the three abscission PG mRNAs are expressed in fruit, stems, petioles, or anthers of fully open flowers. An RNase protection assay revealed that all three PGs are expressed in leaf and flower abscission zones and in pistils of fully open flowers. TAPG4 mRNA is detected much earlier than TAPG1 and TAPG2 mRNA during both leaf and flower abscission. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,CELL & MOL BIOL PROGRAM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 28 TC 89 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 113 IS 4 BP 1303 EP 1308 DI 10.1104/pp.113.4.1303 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WU188 UT WOS:A1997WU18800031 PM 9112778 ER PT J AU Turano, FJ Thakkar, SS Fang, T Weisemann, JM AF Turano, FJ Thakkar, SS Fang, T Weisemann, JM TI Characterization and expression of NAD(H)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase genes in Arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VITIS-VINIFERA L; ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; PISUM-SATIVUM; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; HIGHER-PLANTS; CORN SHOOTS; MITOCHONDRIA; SYNTHETASE; THALIANA AB Two distinct cDNA clones encoding NAD(H)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD[H]-GDH) in Arabidopsis thaliana were identified and sequenced. The genes corresponding to these cDNA clones were designated GDH1 and GDH2. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences suggest that both gene products contain putative mitochondrial transit polypeptides and NAD(H)- and alpha-ketoglutarate-binding domains. Subcellular fractionation confirmed the mitochondrial location of the NAD(H)-GDH isoenzymes. In addition, a putative EF-hand loop, shown to be associated with Ca2+ binding, was identified in the GDH2 gene product but not in the GDH1 gene product. GDH1 encodes a 43.0-kD polypeptide, designated alpha, and GDH2 encodes a 42.5-kD polypeptide, designated beta. The two subunits combine in different ratios to form seven NAD(H)-GDH isoenzymes. The slowest-migrating isoenzyme in a native gel, GDH1, is a homohexamer composed of alpha subunits, and the fastest-migrating isoenzyme, GDH7, is a homohexamer composed of beta subunits. GDH isoenzymes 2 through 6 are heterohexamers composed of different ratios of alpha and beta subunits. NAD(H)-GDH isoenzyme patterns varied among different plant organs and in leaves of plants irrigated with different nitrogen sources or subjected to darkness for 4 d. Conversely, there were little or no measurable changes in isoenzyme patterns in roots of plants treated with different nitrogen sources. In most instances, changes in isoenzyme patterns were correlated with relative differences in the level of alpha and beta subunits. Likewise, the relative difference in the level of alpha or beta subunits was correlated with changes in the level of GDH1 or GDH2 transcript detected in each sample, suggesting that NAD(H)-GDH activity is controlled at least in part at the transcriptional level. C1 NATL LIB MED,NATL CTR BIOTECHNOL INFORMAT,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20894. RP Turano, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 51 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 113 IS 4 BP 1329 EP 1341 DI 10.1104/pp.113.4.1329 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WU188 UT WOS:A1997WU18800034 PM 9112779 ER PT J AU Evenson, KJ Gronwald, JW Wyse, DL AF Evenson, KJ Gronwald, JW Wyse, DL TI Isoforms of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in Lolium multiflorum SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase; ACCase; diclofop; herbicide; herbicide resistance; Lolium multiflorum ID FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; COA CARBOXYLASE; A CARBOXYLASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; 3-METHYLCROTONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; DICLOFOP RESISTANCE; BIOTIN ENZYMES; PURIFICATION; PLANT; HERBICIDES AB Two multifunctional acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase, EC 6.4.1.2) isoforms were isolated from etiolated and mature leaves of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). ACCase I and ACCase II eluted from a TMAE (trimethylaminoethyl) anion exchange column at approximately 275 and 195 mM KCI, respectively. Both isoforms were dimers with 206 kD subunits. ACCase I represented 95% and 66% of total ACCase activity in 3-week-old and etiolated leaves, respectively. Total activity of ACCase I and ACCase II decreased by 35% and 90% during greening of etiolated leaves, respectively. There were no differences in total or specific activities of ACCase I isolated from leaves of diclofop-resistant and -susceptible Lolium multiflorum biotypes. However, ACCase I from the resistant biotype was tolerant to diclofop [I-50 (herbicide concentration resulting in 50% inhibition of activity) = 7.0 mu M] while ACCase I from the susceptible biotype was sensitive (I-50 = 0.2 mu M). ACCase II activity was relatively insensitive to diclofop (I-50 > 125 mu M) in both diclofop-resistant and -susceptible biotypes. Polyclonal antiserum to the plastid-localized ACCase I isoform from maize cross-reacted with the 206-kD polypeptides of both ACCase I and ACCase II. ACCase I and II differed in their affinity to monomeric avidin; ACCase I did not bind to monomeric avidin while ACCase II did bind. The results indicate that Lolium leaves contain two distinct, multifunctional ACCase isoforms and that diclofop resistance is due to a change in herbicide sensitivity of the predominant isoform (ACCase I). C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WX792 UT WOS:A1997WX79200002 ER PT J AU Biles, CL Kuehn, GD Wall, MM Bruton, BD Wann, EV AF Biles, CL Kuehn, GD Wall, MM Bruton, BD Wann, EV TI Characterization of chile pepper fruit peroxidases during ripening SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anionic peroxidase; chile pepper fruit; FPLC ID CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; BLUEBERRY FRUIT; PEACH FRUIT; ISOENZYMES; TOMATO; LOCALIZATION; TOBACCO; TISSUE; RESISTANCE; VEGETABLES AB The enzymatic levels of peroxidases were found to increase in chile pepper fruit during ripening. Previous work indicated that peroxidases were associated with the cuticle of the fruit where the enzymatic levels correlated with cuticle thickening and disease resistance. Fruit harvested at intervals throughout the growing season showed incremental increases in total peroxidase enzyme levels and increased intensity in the activity of an acidic isozyme form of pi = 4.0 in polyacrylamide gels. Fast protein liquid chromatography on an anion-exchange column yielded an acidic peroxidase enzyme activity in both green and red chile fruits. This peroxidase was purified 75-fold. The fraction of peroxidase activity in a 28.3 kDa form increased from immature green to fully ripened red fruits, and it dominated in fully ripened red chile fruits. This activity was markedly stable in in vitro, incubations up to 60 C for 15 min. Similar incubations above 70 degrees C decreased peroxidase activity. The optimal pH for fruit peroxidase enzymatic activity was 6 with nearly equivalent stability over the range for 6-8. These results indicate that alternate forms of chile fruit peroxidases vary during fruit ripening, are stable at elevated temperatures, and demonstrate broad pH optima during the ripening stages. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,DEPT 3C,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. E CENT UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ADA,OK 74820. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. ARS,USDA,LANE,OK 74555. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WX792 UT WOS:A1997WX79200003 ER PT J AU Ramirez, GA Sarlin, LL Caldwell, DJ Yezak, CR Hume, ME Corrier, DE Deloach, JR Hargis, BM AF Ramirez, GA Sarlin, LL Caldwell, DJ Yezak, CR Hume, ME Corrier, DE Deloach, JR Hargis, BM TI Effect of feed withdrawal on the incidence of Salmonella in the crops and ceca of market age broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feed withdrawal; Salmonella; crop; ceca AB Previous research regarding Salmonella contamination in poultry has focused predominantly on cecal and intestinal contamination. Recently, the crop has been implicated as an important source of carcass contamination within the processing plant. In the present study, broiler chickens were orally challenged with 1 x 10(8) cfu S, enteritidis at 6 wk of age. At 7 wk of age, birds were randomly divided into two groups consisting of full access to feed, or total feed withdrawal, 18 h prior to sample collection. At the time of sample collection, crops and ceca were aseptically removed and cultured for the presence or absence of S. enteritidis by enrichment. The incidence of S. enteritidis-positive crops was consistently higher (range: 2.8- to 7.3-fold increases) following feed withdrawal than the incidence in samples collected from full-fed broilers in four experiments. Similarly, the incidence of S. enteritidis isolation was consistently higher (range: 1.4- to 2.1-fold increases) in ceca following feed withdrawal than in samples collected from full-fed broilers in these experiments. In a subsequent experiment, ceca and crops were aseptically collected and cultured for the presence of Salmonella immediately prior to or following 8 h feed withdrawal at a commercial broiler house. Similar to the laboratory experiments, the incidence of Salmonella isolation was significantly (P < 0.01) greater from crops following feed withdrawal (36/100) than from samples obtained immediately prior to withdrawal (19/100). However, the incidence of Salmonella in the ceca was not significantly higher following feed withdrawal (31/100) than in samples obtained immediately prior to withdrawal (25/100) in this field experiment. These studies indicate that feed withdrawal increases the incidence of Salmonella in broiler crops prior to slaughter and provide further evidence that the crop may be an important critical control point for reducing Salmonella contamination of broiler carcasses. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD & FEED SAFETY RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP Ramirez, GA (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 9 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 76 IS 4 BP 654 EP 656 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WT262 UT WOS:A1997WT26200015 PM 9106896 ER PT J AU Dickens, JA Whittemore, AD AF Dickens, JA Whittemore, AD TI Effects of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide application during defeathering on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses prior to evisceration SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acetic acid; hydrogen peroxide; microbiological quality; defeathering; broiler ID PROCESSED POULTRY; LACTIC-ACID; SALMONELLA; EFFICACY AB The microbiological quality and skin appearance of New York dressed broiler carcasses were determined in two separate experiments after a water control, acetic acid, or H2O2 spray during defeathering. Broilers were picked up from a local processor and transported in coops to the pilot facility. In both experiments, commercial processing parameters were followed up to the defeathering step. After feather removal, the vents of all carcasses were blocked with a cotton plug to prevent contamination of the whole carcass rinse diluent with fecal material from the lower gut. The neck and feet were removed, and the carcasses were placed in individual plastic bags in preparation for a whole carcass rinse. Results showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the log(10) total aerobic plate counts for carcasses treated with 1% acetic acid in comparison to the water control (log(10) cfu counts = 3.93 and 4.53, respectively). No differences were observed in skin appearance due to the 1% acid treatment. The addition of 0.5, 1, or 1.5% H2O2 to spray waters had no effect on microbiological quality of the carcasses when compared to the water control (4.92, 5.01, 4.91, and 4.99 log(10) counts, respectively). The skin of carcasses treated with hydrogen peroxide, regardless of the concentration, was bleached and bloated. RP Dickens, JA (reprint author), USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUALITY RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 76 IS 4 BP 657 EP 660 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WT262 UT WOS:A1997WT26200016 PM 9106897 ER PT J AU Thompson, FC AF Thompson, FC TI Revision of the Eristalis flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the Americas south of the United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE key; neotropical ID BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY AB Three new species are described (Eristalis alleni, E. gatesi, and Palpada eristaloides); lectotypes are designated for bogotensis Macquart, circe Williston, latifrons Loew, rufoscutata Bigot, stipator Osten Sacken; new synonyms noted (Eristalis tenuifrons Curran 1930 = Palpada semicircula Walker 1852; Eristalis aztecus Hull 1935 = circe Williston 1891; Eristalis colombica Macquart 1855 = tenax Linnaeus 1758); and all species redescribed (Eristalis bellardi Jaennicke and persa Williston). RP Thompson, FC (reprint author), ARS, SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,PSI,USDA, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, MRC 168, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 113 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1997 VL 99 IS 2 BP 209 EP 237 PG 29 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XC164 UT WOS:A1997XC16400001 ER PT J AU Hodges, RW AF Hodges, RW TI A new agonoxenine moth damaging Araucaria araucana needles in western Argentina and notes on the Neotropical agonoxenine fauna (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Elachistidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Classification; check list; Cosmopterigidae; Chrysopeleiinae; life history; morphology; needle miner AB Characters of the adult, pupa, and larva of Araucarivora gentilii, new genus and new species, are illustrated. The needle mining larvae cause conspicuous browning to monkey-puzzle tree in west-central Argentina. The check list of Neotropical Lepidoptera is revised to accomodate genera and species newly assigned to Agonoxeninae. A list of taxa removed from Agonoxeninae and placed in other families/subfamilies is provided. Five genera are transferred to new family/subfamily associations. One new generic synonym and 23 new combinations are proposed. RP Hodges, RW (reprint author), ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,PSI,USDA,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,MRC-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1997 VL 99 IS 2 BP 267 EP 278 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XC164 UT WOS:A1997XC16400005 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Williams, DJ AF Miller, DR Williams, DJ TI A new species of mealybug in the genus Pseudococcus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) of quarantine importance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Mealybugs; Coccoidea; Pseudococcidae; quarantine; citrus; Aglaonema AB A new species of mealybug, Pseudococcus odermatti, is described that has been taken in quarantine on Aglaonema, Citrus, and other plants and is of concern as a pest. Since it is frequently taken in quarantine at US ports of entry, it is important that the species be described. The adult female and third-instar female are described and illustrated and are incorporated in a key. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,PSI,BLDG 046,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1997 VL 99 IS 2 BP 305 EP 311 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XC164 UT WOS:A1997XC16400009 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Balciunas, JK Burrows, DW AF Gagne, RJ Balciunas, JK Burrows, DW TI Six new species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) in Australia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE gall midges; Cecidomyiidae; Melaleuca; Australia ID QUINQUENERVIA AB A new genus, Lophodiplosis Gagne, is described for five new species of gall midges from Australia associated with Melaleuca spp. At least two of these are candidates for biological control of the introduced pest, Melaleuca quinquenervia, or paperbark, in Florida. In addition, a new species of Lasioptera is described. The new species are: Lophodiplosis indentata and Lophodiplosis denticulata that form blister galls on leaves of Melalenca spp.; Lophodiplosis bidentata, responsible for rosette bud galls on Melaleuca spp.; Lophodiplosis cornuata, forming trumpet-shaped leaf galls on Melaleuca viridiflora; Lophodiplosis trifida, an inquiline in galls of L. indentata, L. denticulata, and L. bidentara; and Lasioptera uncinata, an inquiline in galls of L. indentata and L. cornuata. Keys are given to adults of Australian genera of the supertribe Cecidomyiidi and to adults and pupae of the six species found on Melaleuca spp. during this study. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,PSI,USDA,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1997 VL 99 IS 2 BP 312 EP 334 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XC164 UT WOS:A1997XC16400010 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL AF Norrbom, AL TI The genus Carpomya Costa (Diptera: Tephritidae): New synonymy, description of first American species, and phylogenetic analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE fruit flies; Tephritidae; Carpomya; Myiopardalis; Goniglossum AB Carpomya tica, new species, from Costa Rica is described and reported as the first species of Carpomya from the Americas. Phylogenetic relationships within Carpomya are analyzed. Myiopardalis Bezzi and Goniglossum Rondani are recognized as subjective junior synonyms of Carpomya. Carpomya wiedemanni, n. comb., and C. pardalina (originally described in Carpomya) are transferred to Carpomya from Goniglossum and Myiopardalis, respectively, and Spilographa caucasica Bigot is removed from the genus. A lectotype is designated for C. pardalina, and a key to the species of Carpomya is provided. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,PSI,USDA,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,MRC 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1997 VL 99 IS 2 BP 338 EP 347 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XC164 UT WOS:A1997XC16400012 ER PT J AU Bett, KL AF Bett, KL TI Flavor-quality control in freshwater aquaculture SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article AB Maintaining the flavor quality of products produced in an aquaculture system is the most important technical challenge to the industry. Routine instrumental monitoring of flavor quality is difficult because the problematic compounds (geosmin and 2-methyrisoborneol) can be detected by humans at concentrations that are not easily measured by instruments. In addition, many off-flavor compounds have not been identified. Although analytical sensory methods are more reliable and timely, they have their own set of problems, such as the expense of operating sensory panels. A seafood rating method is presented that has the advantage of being reliable, timely, and less expensive to operate; however this method can also fail to detect off-flavored fish. RP Bett, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD APR PY 1997 VL 59 IS 2 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0149:FQCIFA>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA XB916 UT WOS:A1997XB91600008 ER PT J AU Daughtry, CST McMurtrey, JE Kim, MS Chappelle, EW AF Daughtry, CST McMurtrey, JE Kim, MS Chappelle, EW TI Estimating crop residue cover by blue fluorescence imaging SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SOIL; REFLECTANCE AB Crop residues, the portion of the crop left in the field after harvest, can be an important management factor in controlling soil erosion. Current methods for quantifying crop residue cover use tedious manual sampling methods or visual comparisons with photographs. There is a need for new methods to quantify residue cover that are rapid, accurate, and objective. Scenes with known amounts of crop residue were illuminated in the lab with long-wave ultraviolet (UV) radiation and fluorescence images were measured and recorded with a video camera equipped with a mico-channel-plate image intensifier and fitted with a 453-488 nm bandpass filter. Six agricultural soils were used as backgrounds for the weathered soybean residue. Residue cover was determined from the proportion of the pixels in the image with fluorescence values greater than a threshold. Soil pixels gave the lowest fluorescence or brightness responses in the images and the residues the highest, so that brightness values of the scene spanned nearly the full range of the 8-bit video data. The images were classified in brightness categories that related to within 2% (absolute units) of measured residue cover regardless of the soil type or moisture condition (dry vs. wet). Therefore, fluorescence images can be used to provide percent residue cover in the lab, but portable equipment and procedures for use in the field still need to be developed. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1997. C1 SCI SYST & APPLICAT INC,LANHAM,MD. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,TERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Daughtry, CST (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 008,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR PY 1997 VL 60 IS 1 BP 14 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00118-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA WT709 UT WOS:A1997WT70900002 ER PT J AU Shimanuki, H Knox, DA AF Shimanuki, H Knox, DA TI Bee health and international trade SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal health; Apis; bee diseases; bees; beeswax; honey; international trade; pollen; risk analysis AB The international trade in bee products is a complex issue as a result of the diverse uses of these products. This is especially true with regard to honey. In most cases, honey is imported for human consumption: the high purchase and shipping costs preclude the use of honey as feed for bees. For these reasons, the risk of transmitting disease through honey is minimal. However, this risk should not be ignored, especially in those countries where American foulbrood is not known to occur, The importation of pollen far bee feed poses a definite risk, especially since there are no acceptable procedures for determining whether pollen is free from pathogens, insects and mites. Routine drying of pollen would reduce the survival of mites and insects, but would not have any impact on bacterial spores. Phytosanitary certificates should be required for the importation of honey and pollen when destined for bee feed. The declaration on the phytosanitary certificate should include country of origin, and should state whether the following bee diseases and parasitic mites are present: American foulbrood disease, European foulbrood disease, chalkbrood disease, Varroa jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps clareae. RP Shimanuki, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 172 EP 176 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XX437 UT WOS:A1997XX43700019 PM 9329115 ER PT J AU Corso, B AF Corso, B TI Likelihood of introducing selected exotic diseases to domestic swine in the continental United States of America through uncooked swill SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE African swine fever; classical swine fever (hog cholera); foot and mouth disease; garbage feeding; risk assessment; swill; swine vesicular disease; United States of America AB To help policy makers determine the need for current regulations (which require cooking of swill prior to feeding to swine), an assessment of the likelihood of exposing domestic swine in the continental United States of America (USA) to selected foreign animal disease agents by feeding uncooked swill was carried out. The hazard was assumed to originate from contraband food items entering the USA and subsequently being discarded in household waste. Such food waste may be collected by licensed waste feeders and fed to swine. This study showed that, of the four diseases studied, the probability of exposure was highest for the classical swine fever (hog cholera) virus. The median annual likelihood of one or more contaminated loads of swirl being fed to swine in the continental USA was estimated as follows: classical swine fever virus: 0.063 foot and mouth disease virus: 0.043 swine vesicular disease virus: 0.005 African swine fever virus: 0.005. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,CTR ANIM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP Corso, B (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,CTR EPIDEMIOL,555 S HOWES ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 199 EP 206 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XX437 UT WOS:A1997XX43700022 PM 9329117 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD AF Logsdon, SD TI Transient variation in the infiltration rate during measurement with tension infiltrometers SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; 3-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; DISC INFILTROMETER; FIELD; WATER; SOIL; PERMEAMETERS; SORPTIVITY; MACROPORE; SURFACE AB Tension infiltrometers have been used extensively to determine soil hydraulic properties, but the validity of short-term, quasi-steady-state measurements has been questioned. The objective of this study was to determine the validity of short-term measurements by monitoring 100 min of tension infiltration, In September 1991, six replicate measurements were made, without preponding, at each of two negative heads (-30 and -60 mm) using a small base (76 mm) infiltrometer. In August 1992, two replicate measurements were made at the same two negative heads, both with and without preponding, for both 76- and 230-mm base infiltrometers. Measurements were also made at a head of -150 mm using the small base infiltrometers, with no preponding. The infiltration rates across the measurement time were variable, both increasing and decreasing. In two cases, extreme variation in the applied negative head may have contributed to the variation in infiltration rate, but for the other 28 cases, the applied head variation did not influence the infiltration rate variation. Temperature changes during the measurements were small compared with temperature difference between the two measurement dates. Other factors, such as poor wettability attributable to water repellency, heterogeneous soil structure, and/or changes in soil structure during the measurement, probably contributed to the transient infiltration rate variations. The magnitude of transient infiltration rate variation should be observed relative to spatial and temporal variations. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 162 IS 4 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1097/00010694-199704000-00001 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WV263 UT WOS:A1997WV26300001 ER PT J AU Juzwik, J Stenlund, DL Allmaras, RR Copeland, SM McRoberts, RE AF Juzwik, J Stenlund, DL Allmaras, RR Copeland, SM McRoberts, RE TI Incorporation of tracers and dazomet by rotary tillers and a spading machine SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pesticide incorporation; rotary tillers; spading machine; fumigation ID CROP RESIDUE; SOIL; TILLAGE AB Soil fumigant efficacy in forest-tree and ornamental nurseries depends on the tillage tool used for incorporation. Maximum depth and uniformity of incorporation of surface applied materials by three rotary tillers and a spading machine were compared in a loamy sand nursery using ceramic-sphere tracers (1-3 mm diameter) and dazomet (tetrahydro-3,5,dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazone-2-thione) micro-granules. Depth of incorporation in the top 30 cm of soil was evaluated by (1) recovery of incorporated spheres in 2 cm increments, (2) biocidal activity in 6 cm increments, and (3) cone resistance by 1.5 cm increments to 45 cm. Uniformity of incorporation was evaluated by sphere recovery and biocidal activity, Depths above which more than 95% of the spheres were recovered for the four implements were: 12.5 cm, Kuhn and Fobro rotary tillers; 17 cm, Northwest rotary tiller; 21 cm, Gramegna spading machine. The spading machine produced a distribution of spheres through the soil profile closest to a uniform distribution compared with that produced by the three rotary tillers. Lettuce seed (Lactuca sativa L.) germination was inhibited in the upper 12 cm in low and high dazomet rate treatments, indicating that all four implements effectively incorporated dazomet into that zone, Maximum depth (24 cm) for total inhibition of germination was observed for the spading machine regardless of chemical rate. Cone index values showed the following maximum penetration: 14 cm, Fobro rotary tiller; 22 cm, Kuhn and Northwest rotary tillers; 27 cm, spading machine, All three measures of depth show a distinct superiority of the spading machine when the chemical fumigant must reach depths greater than 18 cm, Within transects across the width of the implement, variations of sphere counts among 5 cm(3) volumes were much larger for the rotary tillers than for the spade machine. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT BIOL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,NO SERV AREA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Juzwik, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(96)01098-7 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XD028 UT WOS:A1997XD02800006 ER PT J AU MillerIhli, NJ AF MillerIhli, NJ TI Ultrasonic slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: Analytical considerations for analysis of a high density glass material SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE density; glass; graphite furnace atomic absorption; sedimentation error; slurry; Stokes' law AB A high density borosilicate glass reference material was distributed to collaborators participating in a collaborative study to evaluate the state-of-the-art of solid sampling. Several collaborators reported low values for Cr in the reference glass material, U.S. Geological Survey GSD, as compared with the reference concentration of 46.5 +/- 9.2 mu g g(-1). On average, results were 20% low as compared with the mean reference concentration, but some labs reported results which were nearly 50% low. In consequence, the glass sample was evaluated and its physical properties were characterized, including particle size distribution and density. Also, a systematic evaluation of analysis parameters was conducted, including: slurry preparation, analysis volume, pipetting accuracy, and sampling depth. The data suggest that the low analytical values are most likely the result of sedimentation errors with this high density (2.6 g cm(-3)) material. Studies suggest that an optimum sampling depth for this high density material is approximately 10 mm below the surface. The feasibility of reducing particle size by grinding the glass material to < 38 mu m to allow sampling at a range of depths is also demonstrated. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP MillerIhli, NJ (reprint author), USDA,BHNRC,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 52 IS 4 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(96)01631-X PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA XF172 UT WOS:A1997XF17200003 ER PT J AU Akin, DE Morrison, WH Gamble, GR Rigsby, LL Henriksson, G Eriksson, KEL AF Akin, DE Morrison, WH Gamble, GR Rigsby, LL Henriksson, G Eriksson, KEL TI Effect of retting enzymes on the structure and composition of flax cell walls SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LINUM-USITATISSIMUM; CALCIUM; NMR AB Commercial enzyme mixtures are tested for their possibly selective degradation of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) stem components in relation to the retting process in producing linen. Structural and chemical compositional results from treatments are obtained using scanning electron microscopy, histochemistry, gas-liquid chromatography, C-13 CP MAS NMR spectrometry, and mid-infrared spectroscopy. Flaxzyme and Ultrazym and an enriched pectinase mixture (EPM), which was not developed for flax retting but is included for comparison, are tested for their activity toward cell wall components and used in various concentrations for ''enzyme-retting'' of flax. Ariane flax stem sections are incubated with enzymes in a rotary incubator and the fibers are manually separated from the residual core. All of the commercial enzyme mixtures have cellulase, pectinase, and hemicellulase activities, but individual enzyme activities vary. Activities against the soluble test substrates do not predict the activity against natural fibers. At about equal protein concentrations, Flaxzyme treatment appears to facilitate bast fiber removal better than the other enzymes, with Ultrazym nearly as effective and EPM the least effective. The ranking of effectiveness is generally supported by the amounts of uronic acid, arabinose, and xylose removed from the stems analyzed chemically. Increased enzyme levels generally facilitate removal of matrix carbohydrates from the flax. All enzymes separate bast fibers from the lignified core and partially from the cuticle near the cut surface of the stem sections, but the enzymes do not work far from the exposed ends. Retting quality is defined more by the degree of cell wall degradation and fiber separation than by any differences in kinds of cell walls degraded by the various enzymes. The cuticle remains attached to the fiber at times, apparently reducing access of the enzymes to the matrix polysacchrides and suggesting some recalcitrance of epidermal cells (and therefore loss of cuticle) to biodegradation. Lignin remains in the middle lamellae after enzyme retting and would likely prevent separation of the fiber bundles. Some solubilzation of-the inner secondary wall of the flax fiber appears to occur with Flaxzyme. The structural and chemical analyses characterize alterations in flax bast after enzyme retting and would be useful in ranking the specificity and effectiveness of cell wall degradation. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. RI Henriksson, Gunnar/G-3556-2010 NR 19 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD APR PY 1997 VL 67 IS 4 BP 279 EP 287 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA WQ514 UT WOS:A1997WQ51400007 ER PT J AU Heller, SR AF Heller, SR TI Using the informant for searching for analytical chemistry information on the World Wide Web SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Heller, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4 BP 174 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0165-9936(96)00098-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WZ499 UT WOS:A1997WZ49900010 ER PT J AU McDonald, PM Celeste, S AF McDonald, PM Celeste, S TI Vegetation trends in a 31-year-old ponderosa pine plantation: effect of different shrub densities. SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE density; development; grasses; plant succession; ponderosa pine; shrubs AB On a poor site in northern California, a brushfield community was treated in various ways which left initial densities of no shrubs, light, medium, and heavy shrubs. Density and development (height, foliar cover, crown volume) for three shrub species (alone and combined), one grass, and planted ponderosa Fine in these categories were quantified from 1966 to 1992. Successional trends (ascendance and decline) are presented for these species and for forbs from 1962 (the date pines were planted) through 1992. Regression equations that model density and development are presented for the shrubs and pine. In general, greenleaf manzanita prospered during the study; snowbrush initially developed well, but then declined; Sierra plum endured, but was relegated to the understory; needlegrass invaded rapidly, peaked early, and was mostly gone by the end of the study. Only a trace of forb species remained by study end. Needlegrass displayed strong environmental preference, becoming dense and developing well in shrub-free areas, but was scarcely present in heavy shrubs. Ponderosa pine grew well in no-shrub plots, fairly well in light-shrub plots, and poorly in medium-and heavy-shrub plots. Extensive testing showed that shrub foliar cover and crown volume per acre explained more variation in several pine parameters than shrub height or density. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Silviculture Lab,Vegetat Management Res Unit, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP McDonald, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Silviculture Lab,Vegetat Management Res Unit, 2400 Washington Ave, Redding, CA 96001 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE PI BERKELEY PA PACIFIC SOUTHWEST RESEARCH STN PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0363-5988 J9 USDA FOR SERV PSW R JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Southwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 1997 IS 231 BP II EP + PG 38 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YU194 UT WOS:000071691700001 ER PT J AU FedorkaCray, PJ Harris, DL Whipp, SC AF FedorkaCray, PJ Harris, DL Whipp, SC TI Using isolated weaning to raise salmonella-free swine SO VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL ORGANS; TYPHIMURIUM; HERD; INFECTION; STRESS; PIGS C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,COLL AGR & VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,USDA,AMES,IA 50010. RP FedorkaCray, PJ (reprint author), ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,USDA,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU VETERINARY MEDICINE PUBL CO PI LENEXA PA 15333 W 95TH STREET, LENEXA, KS 66219 SN 8750-7943 J9 VET MED-US JI Vet. Med. PD APR PY 1997 VL 92 IS 4 BP 375 EP & PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WV674 UT WOS:A1997WV67400015 ER PT J AU Mengeling, WL Brockmeier, SL Lager, KM Vorwald, AC AF Mengeling, WL Brockmeier, SL Lager, KM Vorwald, AC TI The role of biotechnologically engineered vaccines and diagnostics in pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) eradication strategies SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting 2nd International Symposium on Eradication of Aujeszky Disease (Pseudorabies) Virus / 2nd International Symposium on Porcine Reproductive Respiratory Syn CY AUG 06-10, 1995 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Rhone Merieux, Boehringer Ingelheim, IDEXX, Federat Danish Pig Producers & Slaughterhouses DE disease eradication; vaccines; vectors; genetic engineering; biotechnology; diagnosis; glycoproteins ID THYMIDINE KINASE; GLYCOPROTEIN-GIII; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN-GP50; PORCINE ADENOVIRUS; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; LETHAL INFECTION; INVERTED REPEAT; PIGS AB Modern-day biotechnology has an almost unlimited number of possibilities for reducing the impact of hereditary and infectious diseases. To date one of its most visible and rewarding applications for veterinary medicine has been in the genetic engineering of vaccines and diagnostics to assist in the eventual eradication of pseudorabies (PR, Aujeszky's disease). In the following review we summarize some of the most pertinent issues relative to PR eradication and point out the present and potential role of biotechnology in achieving our goal. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP Mengeling, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 72 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1-4 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(96)01306-5 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA XH360 UT WOS:A1997XH36000006 PM 9220596 ER PT J AU Hahn, EC Page, GR Hahn, PS Gillis, KD Romero, C Annelli, JA Gibbs, EPJ AF Hahn, EC Page, GR Hahn, PS Gillis, KD Romero, C Annelli, JA Gibbs, EPJ TI Mechanisms of transmission of Aujeszky's disease virus originating from feral swine in the USA SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting 2nd International Symposium on Eradication of Aujeszky Disease (Pseudorabies) Virus / 2nd International Symposium on Porcine Reproductive Respiratory Syn CY AUG 06-10, 1995 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Rhone Merieux, Boehringer Ingelheim, IDEXX, Federat Danish Pig Producers & Slaughterhouses DE pseudorabies virus; virulence; cannibalism ID PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; FLORIDA AB To understand the possible mechanisms of transmission of Aujeszky's disease virus (pseudorabies or PRV) from a feral pig reservoir, intranasal infections were initiated in domestic pigs and in pigs from a herd derived from captured feral pigs. Virus strains originating from feral pigs and from domestic pigs were compared. Similar shedding patterns were obtained in both feral-derived and domestic pigs, however, virus strains from feral pigs were markedly attenuated. Virus could be isolated after acute infection from nasal secretions, tonsils and occasionally from genital organs. In studies of transmission of PRV by cannibalism, either latently infected or acutely infected tissue was fed to both domestic and feral-derived pigs. In two similar experiments, latently infected tissue did not transmit virus, but tissues from acutely infected pigs did transmit infection, Cannibalism was observed typically in both types of pigs older than 6 weeks of age. It was concluded that transmission of PRV originating from feral pigs can occur by several mechanisms including the respiratory route and by cannibalism of pigs that die of acute infection, Transmission of PRV from feral swine may, however, result in sub-clinical infection. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PATHOBIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. USDA,APHIS,SW,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. RP Hahn, EC (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 12 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1-4 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(96)01309-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA XH360 UT WOS:A1997XH36000014 PM 9220604 ER PT J AU Fetterer, RH Rhoads, ML AF Fetterer, RH Rhoads, ML TI The in vitro uptake and incorporation of hemoglobin by adult Haemonchus contortus SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cathepsin L-like; cysteine protease; digestion; excretory-secretory; nematode ID CYSTEINE PROTEASE; PROTEINASE; NEMATODE; WORMS AB The incorporation of radioactivity from [H-3]leucine-labeled hemoglobin (Hb) into adult Haemonchus contortus proteins was investigated. Further, the role of previously described cysteine proteases present in intestinal tissue and excretory/secretory products of H. contortus was assessed in the breakdown of Hb. A cell lysate preparation (predominantly Hb) was obtained from reticulocytes metabolically labeled, in vitro, with [H-3]leucine. Following 24-h incubation in the presence of [3H]Hb, adult H. contortus incorporated radioactivity. The presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor puromycin (200 mu g ml(-1)) reduced incorporation by 72%, indicating that this process was dependent on protein synthesis. The specific cysteine protease inhibitor Z-phe-alaFMK (PAF) at 0.1 mM had no effect on incorporation of radioactivity; however, the breakdown of Hbg in the culture medium was reduced by 50%. In contrast, PAF at 1.0 mM caused a 78% reduction in incorporated radioactivity. Parasite viability was also decreased by 1.0 mM PAF, and thus the reduction of incorporation of radioactivity may not be due to specific enzyme inhibition. The serine protease inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF) at 1.0 mM caused a 40% reduction in incorporation of radioactivity; the aspartic protease inhibitor pepstatin (1 mM) was without effect, Adult H. contortus also incorporated radioactivity from [H-3]leucine-labeled intact reticulocytes. This incorporation was inhibited by 1.0 mM PAF and AEBSF in a manner similar to that for the cell lysate preparation. These data indicate that adult H. contortus degrade Hog and incorporate the radioactivity into their macromolecules. The specific action of the endogenous cysteine protease in the digestion of Hbg could not be demonstrated unequivocally. However, the hypothesis that the secreted cysteine protease functions in extracorporeal digestion was supported. RP Fetterer, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(96)01109-0 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA XA279 UT WOS:A1997XA27900009 PM 9187032 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Norton, D Nearing, MA AF Zhang, XC Norton, D Nearing, MA TI Chemical transfer from soil solution to surface runoff SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MODEL; TRANSPORT; CONTAMINATION; WATER; FLOW AB Three soils were exposed to three consecutive simulated rains under dry, wet, and water table conditions with gypsum as a tracer placed at a 5-mm depth to evaluate the extent and nature of chemical transfer from soil solution to runoff and to determine the effective depth of the mixing zone. No electrolyte release was detected in runoff during the dry run for any of the soils. Electrical conductivity decreased exponentially with time during the initial stages of the wet and water table runs. Results were consistent with the complete mixing concept, but they also suggest that the assumption of no chemical transfer into the mixing zone from below should be modified. The effective mixing depth appears to be less than 3-4 mm. Two timescale processes were identified. The fast rate process, driven by raindrop impact and confined to the mixing zone, causes an exponential depletion of chemicals from that zone. The slow rate process, dominated by molecular diffusion and mechanical dispersion, describes chemical transfer to the mixing zone from below. The identification of the two processes indicates that the fast rate process is adequate for approximating chemical loss under free drainage conditions, while otherwise the slow rate process must be considered. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,1196 SOIL BLDG,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 22 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 809 EP 815 DI 10.1029/96WR03908 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA WQ778 UT WOS:A1997WQ77800027 ER PT J AU Nearing, MA Norton, LD Bulgakov, DA Larionov, GA West, LT Dontsova, KM AF Nearing, MA Norton, LD Bulgakov, DA Larionov, GA West, LT Dontsova, KM TI Hydraulics and erosion in eroding rills SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MODELING WATER EROSION; OVERLAND-FLOW; SOIL-EROSION; PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES; SHEET FLOW; RESISTANCE; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; DETACHMENT; TECHNOLOGY AB Rills often act as sediment sources and the dominant sediment and water transport mechanism for hillslopes. Six experiments were conducted on two soils and a uniform sand using three experimental methodologies, The results of this study challenge the assumption often used in hydrologic and erosion models that relationships derived for sheet flow or larger channel flow are applicable to actively eroding rills. Velocity did not vary with slope, and Reynolds number was not a consistent predictor of hydraulic friction. This result was due to interactions of slope gradient, flow rate, erosion, and the formation of rill roughness, bed structures, and head cuts. A relationship for rill flow velocities was proposed, Stream power was found to be a consistent and appropriate predictor for unit sediment load for the entire data set, while other hydraulic variables were not. The data for stream power and sediment load fit the form of a logistic curve (r(2)=0.93), which is promising relative to recently proposed erosion models which are based on probabilistic particle threshold theory. C1 MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,1196 SOIL BLDG,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. RI Larionov, Gennady/L-7332-2015 NR 45 TC 166 Z9 217 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 865 EP 876 DI 10.1029/97WR00013 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA WQ778 UT WOS:A1997WQ77800032 ER PT J AU Sprague, CL Stoller, EW Wax, LM AF Sprague, CL Stoller, EW Wax, LM TI Response of an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-resistant biotype of Amaranthus rudis to selected ALS-inhibiting and alternative herbicides SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CROSS-RESISTANCE AB An Amaranthus rudis Sauer (common water-hemp) biotype from a field treated for two consecutive years with a mixture of chlorimuron and metribuzin was tested in greenhouse and laboratory studies to assess resistance and cross-resistance to four acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. The biotype demonstrated >1920-fold resistance at the whole plant level, and >850-fold resistance at the ALS enzyme to chlorimuron, compared with a susceptible biotype. This chlorimuron-resistant biotype was also cross-resistant to primisulfuron, halosulfuron and imazethapyr. In greenhouse studies, atrazine alone or in combination with ALS-inhibiting herbicides provided excellent control of the resistant biotype of A. rudis. Combinations of dicamba and ALS-inhibitors also provided adequate control. Additionally, premixtures of flumetsulam and metolachlor and of dicamba and atrazine furnished excellent control of this chlorimuron-resistant A. rudis biotype. RP Sprague, CL (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 93 EP 101 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XA574 UT WOS:A1997XA57400005 ER PT J AU Sprague, CL Stoller, EW Wax, LM AF Sprague, CL Stoller, EW Wax, LM TI Common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) resistance to selected ALS-inhibiting herbicides SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorimuron, 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]be nzoic acid; imazaquin,2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2- yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid; imazethapyr, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2yl]-5-ethyl -3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; NAF-75,N-(2-carboxymethyl-6-chlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-7-fluoro(1,2,4)triazo lo-(1,5c)-pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide; common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L XANST; herbicide resistance; cross-resistance; acetolactate synthase ID ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; CROSS-RESISTANCE; STELLARIA-MEDIA; KOCHIA-SCOPARIA; SULFONYLUREA; MECHANISM AB Five biotypes of common cocklebur that were not controlled with acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides were tested in greenhouse and laboratory studies to determine the magnitude of resistance and cross-resistance to four ALS-inhibiting herbicides. In vivo inhibition of ALS was also evaluated. Based on phytotoxicity, all five ALS-resistant biotypes of common cocklebur were > 390 times more resistant than the susceptible biotype to imazethapyr. However, only four of these biotypes were also resistant to another imidazolinone, imazaquin. Two biotypes were cross-resistant to the sulfonylurea, chlorimuron, and the triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide, NAF-75. One biotype demonstrated intermediate susceptibility to imazaquin, chlorimuron, and NAF-75. In all cases, the resistance exhibited at the whole plant level was associated with an insensitive ALS. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XH427 UT WOS:A1997XH42700006 ER PT J AU Geimer, RL Herian, VL Xu, DP AF Geimer, RL Herian, VL Xu, DP TI Influence of juvenile wood on dimensional stability and tensile properties of flakeboard SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE juvenile wood; flakeboard alignment; linear expansion; dimensional stability; tensile strength ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; COMPOSITES AB The purpose of this study was to determine if juvenile wood adversely affects the linear expansion, water adsorption, and thickness swell of aligned flakeboard. Literature on juvenile wood properties and their effects on product performance was reviewed. Veneer and lumber cut from 35-year-old plantation-grown loblolly pine were segregated by age and used to manufacture plywood and flakeboard. As expected, longitudinal linear expansion of the juvenile (0 to 12 years old) veneer was greater than that of mature (13+ years old) veneer. At several levels of humidity exposure, linear expansion of symmetrical cross-laminated plywood made from the juvenile veneer was greater than that of plywood made from mature veneer. Significant increases in the linear expansion of three-layer cross-oriented flakeboard were also attributed to juvenile wood. Differences in the linear expansion of single-layer directional aligned flakeboards made from juvenile wood and from mature wood were not statistically significant for the most part. Analysis did show that test results were affected by tree-to-tree variation in wood age and sample variations. Accurate predictions of dimensional stability in three-layer cross-aligned panels were made using tensile and linear expansion properties derived from the directional flakeboard. RP Geimer, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 BP 103 EP 120 PG 18 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA WW441 UT WOS:A1997WW44100002 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ ValverdeGarcia, A AF Lehotay, SJ ValverdeGarcia, A TI Evaluation of different solid-phase traps for automated collection and clean-up in the analysis of multiple pesticides in fruits and vegetables after supercritical fluid extraction SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Pesticide Residue Workshop CY JUN 10-12, 1996 CL ALKMAAR, NETHERLANDS DE fruits; vegetables; food analysis; multiresidue analysis; sample preparation; supercritical fluid extraction; solid-phase extraction; pesticides ID MODIFIED CARBON-DIOXIDE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EFFICIENCY; ANALYTES; ADSORBENT; RESIDUES; SORBENT; SFE AB This study was designed to determine which combination of sorbent-trap and elution solvent provided the most efficient automated method of collection in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), elution of analytes, and clean-up of orange, sweet potato and green bean extracts for analysis of 56 diverse pesticides using GC-ion-trap MS. The solid-phase traps evaluated consisted of octyldecylsilane (ODS), diol, Tenax and Porapak-Q, and the elution solvents compared were acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and methanol. SFE collection by bubbling into each organic solvent was also compared. Recoveries, elution volumes, limits of detection and clean-up aspects were determined for each combination of commodity, trap and solvent tested. High trapping efficiencies were achieved in each case, and acetone usually eluted the pesticides in the least volume (<1 ml) from the traps. The few matrix components that interfered in GC-ion-trap MS continued to interfere in all trap/solvent pairs, and limits of detection were independent of trap/solvent combination. The use of the ODS trap and acetone elution solvent gave the most consistently high recoveries of the traps and solvents tested. C1 UNIV ALMERIA,PESTICIDE RESIDUE RES GRP,FAC SCI,ALMERIA 04071,SPAIN. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 21 PY 1997 VL 765 IS 1 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00846-1 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WX568 UT WOS:A1997WX56800009 PM 9129302 ER PT J AU Nairn, CJ Niedz, RP Hearn, CJ Osswald, WF Mayer, RT AF Nairn, CJ Niedz, RP Hearn, CJ Osswald, WF Mayer, RT TI cDNA cloning and expression of a class II acidic chitinase from sweet orange SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE hydrolase; tissue culture; pathogenesis-related protein; (citrus); (plant) ID TOBACCO ENDOCHITINASE GENE; CHITOSANASE ACTIVITIES; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; PLANT; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; SITES AB A citrus cDNA encoding a class II acidic chitinase was isolated from a nonembryogenic cell line of sweet orange using the tobacco cDNA clone PROB3. Northern blot analysis revealed that the corresponding mRNA is expressed in young, green bark but not in leaves, roots, or flavedo. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD MAR 20 PY 1997 VL 1351 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0167-4781(97)00016-X PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WP451 UT WOS:A1997WP45100005 PM 9116036 ER PT J AU Nassar, AEF Zhang, Z Hu, NF Rusling, JF Kumosinski, TF AF Nassar, AEF Zhang, Z Hu, NF Rusling, JF Kumosinski, TF TI Proton-coupled electron transfer from electrodes to myoglobin in ordered biomembrane-like films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SQUARE-WAVE VOLTAMMETRY; I INFRARED-SPECTRA; CYTOCHROME-C; CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE; SURFACTANT FILMS; COORDINATION-COMPLEXES; CATALYTIC PROPERTIES; GRAPHITE ELECTRODE; PROTEIN STABILITY AB Voltammetry and visible and infrared spectroscopy were used to explore protonation equilibria coupled to electron transfer between electrodes and the heme protein myoglobin (Mb) in thin liquid crystal films of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and phosphatidylcholines (PC). Mb conformation and heme iron ligation in the films were controlled by the pH of the external solution. Acid-base equilibrium models successfully explained pH dependencies of Soret band absorbances, formal potentials, electron transfer rate constants, and electroactive surface concentrations of Mb in the films. A pK(a1) of 4.6 in the Mb-lipid films is associated with protonation of histidine residues in hydrophobic regions of the Mb structure, possibly involving the proximal histidine bound to iron and/or the distal histidine in the heme pocket. At pH < 4.6, a partly unfolded molten globule form of Mb predominates in the films and is reduced directly. Native metmyoglobin [MbFe(III)-H2O] appears to be the major species in films between pH 5.5 and 8. In this pH range, protonation of MbFe(III)-H2O occurs prior to electron transfer, and a protonated form which may be a kinetic conformer accepts the electron. MbFe(III)-OH is formed in the films at pH > 9, and its one-electron reduction is also coupled to protonation. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT CHEM,STORRS,CT 06269. USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. BEIJING NORMAL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BEIJING 100875,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 76 TC 259 Z9 268 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 20 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 12 BP 2224 EP 2231 DI 10.1021/jp962896t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA WP413 UT WOS:A1997WP41300020 ER PT J AU Haseloff, J Siemering, KR Prasher, DC Hodge, S AF Haseloff, J Siemering, KR Prasher, DC Hodge, S TI Removal of a cryptic intron and subcellular localization of green fluorescent protein are required to mark transgenic Arabidopsis plants brightly SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE plant transformation; confocal microscopy; cryptic splicing; genetic marker; endoplasmic reticulum ID GENE-EXPRESSION; SELECTION; MUTATIONS; SEQUENCES; REPORTER; ANIMALS; CELLS AB The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria is finding wide use as a genetic marker that can be directly visualized in the living cells of many heterologous organisms, We have sought to express GFP in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana but have found that proper expression of GFP is curtailed due to aberrant mRNA processing, An 84-nt cryptic intron is efficiently recognized and excised from transcripts of the GFP coding sequence. The cryptic intron contains sequences similar to those required for recognition of normal plant introns, We have modified the codon usage of the gfp gene to mutate the intron and to restore proper expression in Arabidopsis. GFP is mainly localized within the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of transformed Arabidopsis cells and can give rise to high levels of fluorescence, but it proved difficult to efficiently regenerate transgenic plants from such highly fluorescent cells, However, when GFP is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum, transformed cells regenerate routinely to give highly fluorescent plants, These modified forms of the gfp gene are useful for directly monitoring gene expression and protein localization and dynamics at high resolution, and as a simply scored genetic marker in living plants. C1 US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,OTIS PLANT PROTECT CTR,OTIS,MA 02542. RP Haseloff, J (reprint author), MRC,MOL BIOL LAB,DIV CELL BIOL,HILLS RD,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2QH,ENGLAND. OI Haseloff, Jim/0000-0003-4793-8058 NR 34 TC 955 Z9 992 U1 5 U2 64 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 18 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 6 BP 2122 EP 2127 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.6.2122 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WP334 UT WOS:A1997WP33400009 PM 9122158 ER PT J AU Ma, J Stampfer, MJ Giovannucci, E Artigas, C Hunter, DJ Fuchs, C Willett, WC Selhub, J Hennekens, CH Rozen, R AF Ma, J Stampfer, MJ Giovannucci, E Artigas, C Hunter, DJ Fuchs, C Willett, WC Selhub, J Hennekens, CH Rozen, R TI Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism, dietary interactions, and risk of colorectal cancer SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; DNA METHYLATION; COLON-CANCER; HYPOMETHYLATION; METHIONINE; CARCINOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; INHIBITION; METABOLISM; NEOPLASIA AB Folate derivatives are important in experimental colorectal carcinogenesis; low folate intake, particularly with substantial alcohol intake, is associated with increased risk. The enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, required for purine and thymidine syntheses, to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the primary circulatory form of folate necessary for methionine synthesis, A common mutation (677C-->T) in MTHFR reduces enzyme activity, leading to lower levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. To evaluate the role of folate metabolism in human carcinogenesis, we examined the associations of MTHFR mutation, plasma folate levels, and their interaction with risk of colon cancer. We also examined the interaction between genotype and alcohol intake. We used a nested case-control design within the Physicians' Health Study, Participants were ages 40-84 at baseline when alcohol intake was ascertained and blood samples were drawn, During 12 years of follow-up, we identified 202 colorectal cancer cases and matched them to 326 cancer-free controls by age and smoking status. We genotyped for the MTHFR polymorphism and measured plasma folate levels. Men with the homozygous mutation (15% in controls) had half the risk of colorectal cancer [odds ratio (OR), 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27-0.87] compared with the homozygous normal or heterozygous genotypes. Overall, we observed a marginal significant increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 0.93-3.42) among those whose plasma folate levels indicated deficiency (< 3 ng/ml) compared with men with adequate folate levels, Among men with adequate folate levels, we observed a S-fold decrease in risk (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15-0.68) among men with the homozygous mutation compared with those with the homozygous normal or heterozygous genotypes. However, the protection due to the mutation was absent in men with folate deficiency, In men with the homozygous normal genotype who drank little or no alcohol as reference, those with the homozygous mutation who drank little or no alcohol had an 8-fold decrease in risk (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.57), and for moderate drinkers, a 2-fold decrease in risk (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.15-1.20); no decrease in risk was seen in those drinking 1 or more drinks/day. Our findings provide support for an important role of folate metabolism in colon carcinogenesis. In particular, these results suggest that the 677C-->T mutation in MTHFR reduces colon cancer risk, perhaps by increasing 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate levels for DNA synthesis, but that low folate intake or high alcohol consumption may negate some of the protective effect. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV PREVENT MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. MCGILL UNIV,DEPT HUMAN GENET PEDIAT & BIOL,MONTREAL CHILDRENS HOSP,MONTREAL,PQ H3H 1P3,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA40360, CA 42182] NR 46 TC 619 Z9 639 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1098 EP 1102 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA WN564 UT WOS:A1997WN56400020 PM 9067278 ER PT J AU Prager, TC Zou, Y Jensen, CL Anderson, RE Heird, WC AF Prager, TC Zou, Y Jensen, CL Anderson, RE Heird, WC TI Evaluation of methods for assessing visual function of infants SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEAN A MCGEE EYE INST,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 311 EP 311 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18600309 ER PT J AU Obin, OS Gong, X Shang, F JahngenHodge, J Taylor, A AF Obin, OS Gong, X Shang, F JahngenHodge, J Taylor, A TI Thiol-dependent regulation of protein ubiquitination in RPE cells following oxidative stress SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 4806 EP 4806 PN 2 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN215 UT WOS:A1997WN21501628 ER PT J AU Byrdwell, WC Borchman, D AF Byrdwell, WC Borchman, D TI Characterization of sphingomyelin and diyhydrosphingomyelin of human lens membranes by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,DEPT OPHTHALMOL & VISUAL SCI,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. ARS,USDA,FQS,PEORIA,IL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 4818 EP 4818 PN 2 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN215 UT WOS:A1997WN21501639 ER PT J AU Shang, F Gong, X Taylor, A AF Shang, F Gong, X Taylor, A TI Ubiquitin-activating enzyme is up regulated post oxidative stress in lens epithelial cells SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,HNRC,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 5448 EP 5448 PN 2 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN215 UT WOS:A1997WN21502269 ER PT J AU Moran, MS Humes, KS Pinter, PJ AF Moran, MS Humes, KS Pinter, PJ TI The scaling characteristics of remotely-sensed variables for sparsely-vegetated heterogeneous landscapes SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tucson Aggregation Workshop CY MAR, 1994 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Int Geosphere Biosphere Program, Biol Aspects Hydrol Cycle Core Project, World Climate Res Program, Int Satellite Land Surf Climatol Project ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; THERMAL INFRARED DATA; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; SEMIARID RANGELAND; SATELLITE DATA; NET-RADIATION; SPECTRAL DATA; LATENT-HEAT; TEMPERATURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB With increasing interest in airborne and satellite-based sensors for mapping regional and global energy balance, there is a need to determine the uncertainty involved in aggregating remotely-sensed variables [surface temperature (T-k) and reflectance (rho)] and surface energy fluxes [sensible (H) and latent (lambda E) heat flux] over large areas. This uncertainty is directly related to two factors: (1) the non-linearity of the relation between the sensor signal and T-k, rho, H or lambda E; and (2) the heterogeneity of the site. In this study, we compiled several remotely-sensed data sets acquired at different locations within a semi-arid rangeland in Arizona, at a variety of spatial and temporal resolutions. These data sets provided the range of data heterogeneities necessary for an extensive analysis of data aggregation. The general technique to evaluate uncertainty was to compare remotely-sensed variables and energy balance components calculated in two ways: first, calculated at the pixel resolution and averaged to the coarser resolution; and second, calculated directly at the coarse resolution by aggregating the fine-resolution data to the coarse scale. Results showed that the error in the aggregation of T-k and rho was negligible for a wide range of conditions. However, the error in aggregation of H and lambda E was highly influenced by the heterogeneity of the site. Errors in H larger than 50% were possible under certain conditions. The conditions associated with the largest aggregation errors in H were: sites which are composed of a mix of stable and unstable conditions; sites which have considerable variations in aerodynamic roughness, especially for highly unstable conditions where the difference between surface and air temperature is large; and sites which are characterized by patch vegetation, where the pixel resolution is less than or nearly-equal to the diameter of the vegetation 'element' (in most cases, the diameter of the dominant vegetation type or vegetation patch). Thus, knowledge of the surface heterogeneity is essential for minimizing error in aggregation of H and lambda E. Two schemes are presented for quantifying surface heterogeneity as a first step in data aggregation. These results emphasized the need for caution in aggregation of energy balance components over heterogeneous landscapes with sparse or mixed vegetation types. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS,USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), ARS,USDA,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85719, USA. NR 57 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 190 IS 3-4 BP 337 EP 362 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA XG471 UT WOS:A1997XG47100009 ER PT J AU Karmaker, AC AF Karmaker, AC TI Effect of water absorption on dimensional stability and impact energy of jute fibre reinforced polypropylene SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI. RP Karmaker, AC (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,INST MAT SCI,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 11 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 6 BP 462 EP 464 DI 10.1023/A:1018508209022 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WP165 UT WOS:A1997WP16500016 ER PT J AU Blanchette, RA Krueger, EW Haight, JE Akhtar, M Akin, DE AF Blanchette, RA Krueger, EW Haight, JE Akhtar, M Akin, DE TI Cell wall alterations in loblolly pine wood decayed by the white-rot fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; white rot; lignin; wood decay; immunocytochemistry; biopulping; lignin degrading enzymes ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; SIMONS STAIN; ABSORPTION MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; DELIGNIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; DIGESTIBILITY; CYTOCHEMISTRY; DECOMPOSITION; DEGRADATION AB Ultrastructural, immunocytochemical and UV absorption spectroscopy techniques were used to elucidate the progressive changes that occur within woody cell walls during decay by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. After only 2 weeks of incubation, uranyl acetate staining revealed a diffuse electron dense zone in the secondary wall near hyphae and around the outer circumference of the wall. The extent of cell wall staining increased with longer fungal incubation. No staining occurred in sound unaltered cell walls. Proteins of varying molecular weights (insulin, 5730 Da; myoglobin, 17 600 Da; ovalbumin, 44 287 Da) were infiltrated into sound and decayed wood followed by immunogold labelling and transmission electron microscopy. Insulin readily penetrated into the outer most regions of secondary walls of wood cells after 2 weeks of decay. Myoglobin was first observed to penetrate cell walls at 4 weeks of degradation and ovalbumin was found after 8 weeks in wood with advanced stages of decay where extensive cell wall disruption was evident. None of the proteins used were localized within cell walls of untreated, control wood samples. UV microspectrophotometry demonstrated a progressive loss of absorbance at 240 and 280 nm within the secondary walls and middle lamellae at various sampling times throughout the duration of the decay study. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP Blanchette, RA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 39 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD MAR 14 PY 1997 VL 53 IS 2-3 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0168-1656(97)01674-X PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XC334 UT WOS:A1997XC33400007 ER PT J AU Cullen, D AF Cullen, D TI Recent advances on the molecular genetics of ligninolytic fungi SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE lignin degradation; white-rot fungi; basidiomycetes; peroxidases ID BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; MANGANESE-DEPENDENT PEROXIDASE; AROMATIC RING CLEAVAGE; LACCASE-I GENE; DEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETE; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION AB This review highlights significant recent advances in the molecular genetics of white-rot fungi and identifies areas where information remains sketchy. The development of critical experimental tools such as genetic mapping techniques is described. A major portion of the text focuses on the structure, genomic organization and transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding peroxidases, laccases and glyoxal oxidase. Finally, recent efforts on heterologous expression of lignin-degrading enzymes are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 146 TC 128 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD MAR 14 PY 1997 VL 53 IS 2-3 BP 273 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0168-1656(97)01684-2 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XC334 UT WOS:A1997XC33400012 PM 9177046 ER PT J AU Adlof, RO AF Adlof, RO TI Normal-phase separation effects with lipids on a silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography column SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE silver ion liquid chromatography; lipid; fatty acid methyl ester; triacylglycerol ID FATTY-ACIDS; DERIVATIVES; ESTERS AB The separation of saturated fatty acids (as the methyl esters and as triacylglycerols) of differing chain lengths by silver ion chromatography (ChromSpher Lipids; containing silver ions; Chrompack, Middelburg, Netherlands) was studied. The retention characteristics (isocratic solvent system of acetonitrile in hexane) of saturated fatty acid methyl esters and homogeneous, saturated triacylglycerols were found to be inversely related to the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid(s). Thus methyl stearate eluted first and methyl acetate eluted last; for triacylglycerols, tripalmitoylglycerol eluted first while triacetin was strongly retained (11 min vs. 70 min). While mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters and of triacylglycerols could be separated, resolution was found to improve at higher concentrations of acetonitrile, a characteristic of normal-phase separations. In the absence of carbon-carbon double or triple bonds, the effects of the more polar silanol groups of the column packing tended to override the silver ion contributions (interaction of silver ions with the unpaired electrons of the carbonyl oxygens), resulting in separations similar to those observed in silica thin layer and normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. RP Adlof, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 14 PY 1997 VL 764 IS 2 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00886-2 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WZ035 UT WOS:A1997WZ03500018 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, PE Osman, SF Hotchkiss, A Bhagwat, AA Keister, DL Valentine, KM AF Pfeffer, PE Osman, SF Hotchkiss, A Bhagwat, AA Keister, DL Valentine, KM TI Cyclolaminarinose. A new biologically active beta-(1->3) cyclic glucan (vol 296, pg 23, 1996) SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV PENN,DEPT CHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Pfeffer, PE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD MAR 13 PY 1997 VL 298 IS 4 BP AR1 EP AR1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WM957 UT WOS:A1997WM95700012 ER PT J AU Rowley, DL Herman, EM AF Rowley, DL Herman, EM TI The upstream domain of soybean oleosin genes contains regulatory elements similar to those of legume storage proteins SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-LIPIDS AND LIPID METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE isoform; membrane protein; oil body; seed; (Glycine max L Merr) ID BODY MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; BRASSICA-NAPUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NUCLEAR FACTORS; OIL BODIES; RY REPEAT; EXPRESSION; ISOFORMS; PROMOTER; ACCUMULATION AB Seed reserve storage products consisting of proteins, oil and starch are accumulated in a developmentally coordinated pattern. The control of the vacuolar storage protein expression has been shown to be transcriptionally regulated and involves a series of positive and negative regulatory as well as enhancing gene elements. We have analyzed the upstream sequence of the genes encoding the soybean oleosins, the protein that encases the oil body. We have found that soybean oleosin genes possess regulatory elements in upstream domain that are similar to those found in vacuolar storage protein genes. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2760 J9 BBA-LIPID LIPID MET JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Lipids Lipid Metab. PD MAR 10 PY 1997 VL 1345 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/S0005-2760(97)00004-0 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WM833 UT WOS:A1997WM83300001 PM 9084495 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Huang, TL AF Richards, MP Huang, TL TI Metalloprotein analysis by capillary isoelectric focusing SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Frederick Conference on Capillary Electrophoresis CY OCT 23-25, 1995 CL FREDERICK, MD DE metalloproteins; conalbumin; transferrin; metallothionein ID ELECTROOSMOTIC ZONE DISPLACEMENT; HUMAN-SERUM TRANSFERRIN; METALLOTHIONEIN; ELECTROPHORESIS; MOBILIZATION; SEPARATION; ISOFORMS; PROTEINS; SYSTEM; FORMS AB Capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) was used to analyze three metalloproteins: conalbumin, transferrin and metallothionein (MT). Two different ampholyte mixtures were employed that generated linear pH gradients of 3-10 and 5-8. Several different proteins and one peptide with known isoelectric points (pls) were used to establish linear relationships between peak migration time and pI. These standards were also used as internal markers to estimate peak pi values of the metalloproteins subjected to cIEF. Conalbumin (iron-free) subjected to cIEF with a pH gradient of 3-10 yielded a single major component (pI 7.17). When the protein was saturated with iron (2 Fe3+/mol protein), a shift to lower pI was observed with a major peak (pI 6.24) and a lesser peak (pI 6.09). Mixing iron-free with iron-saturated conalbumin or adding iron to iron-free conalbumin prior to cIEF produced an additional peak (pI 6.68) that was presumed to be conalbumin containing a single iron atom (monoferric form). Human transferrin subjected to cIEF with a pH range of 3-10 gave a similar separation pattern to conalbumin with four major peaks at pi values of 6.25 (apotransferrin), 5.96 (monoferric form), 5.48 and 5.34 (diferric forms). Additional resolution of the molecular forms of both conalbumin and transferrin was achieved using a narrower pH gradient (5-8). Rabbit liver MT subjected to cIEF with a pH gradient of 3-10 gave a complex separation pattern with two prominent peaks (pI values of 3.73 and 3.56) that were presumed to be the fully metal-saturated MT-I and MT-2 isoforms. When individual MT isoforms (MT-1 and MT-2) were separately subjected to cIEF with a pH gradient of 3-10, heterogeneous peaks with higher pi values (4.12-4.74) were observed. In contrast, horse kidney MT gave. a single predominant peak with a pi of 4.09. MT samples could be separated using a pH gradient of 5-8 despite the fact that their apparent pI values were below the limits of the pH gradient established. In general, the heterogeneity observed for conalbumin, transferrin and MT proteins subjected to cIEF reflects the presence or absence of bound metal. Thus, cIEF represents a potentially useful analytical method which can provide information concerning the metal-binding characteristics of these and perhaps other metalloproteins. C1 BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS INC,FULLERTON,CA 92634. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), ARS,USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GROWTH BIOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BLDG 200,ROOM 201,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD MAR 7 PY 1997 VL 690 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(96)00407-0 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WV315 UT WOS:A1997WV31500006 PM 9106028 ER PT J AU Sui, L Zee, F Manshardt, RM Aradhya, MK AF Sui, L Zee, F Manshardt, RM Aradhya, MK TI Enzyme polymorphisms in Canarium SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Canarium spp; germplasm; genetic relationships; isozymes; species-specific markers ID ISOZYME AB Fifty-two accessions of Canarium involving seven species, C. ovatum, C. album, C, megalanthum, C. harveyi, C. indicum, C. mehenbethene, and C. odontophyllum were studied for isozyme polymorphisms. Starch gel electrophoresis with a histidine-citrate buffer system (pH 6.5) was employed to assay six enzymes: LAP, MDH, GPI, PGM, TPI and UGPP. Species were polymorphic for most of the six enzyme systems assayed and the level of phenotypic polymerphism for different species and enzymes assayed ranged from 0 to 0.88, with an overall average of 0.28, The weighted average of polymorphisms across different enzyme systems for different species ranged from 0.16 for C. indicum to 0.47 for C. ovatum, with an overall average of 0.26, On average, LAP was the most polymorphic enzyme (0.43) followed by GPI (0.38), MDH (0.27), UGPP (0.26), PGM (0.18), and TPI (0.13). The complexity of isozyme phenotypes indicates that interspecific hybridization and polyploidy might have played a major role in the evolution of Canarium species. Geographic speciation in Canarium was not apparent from the phenetic analysis of the isozyme data. (C) Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS,USDA,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,HILO,HI 96720. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT HORT,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD MAR 3 PY 1997 VL 68 IS 1-4 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1016/S0304-4238(96)00975-2 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WT670 UT WOS:A1997WT67000019 ER PT J AU Tajchman, SJ Fu, H Kochenderfer, JN AF Tajchman, SJ Fu, H Kochenderfer, JN TI Water and energy balance of a forested Appalachian watershed SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th IUFRO Congress on Caring for the Forest - Research in a Changing World CY AUG, 1995 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND SP Int Union Forestry Res Org DE forested watershed; evapotranspiration; energy balance ID PINE FOREST; EVAPORATION; RADIATION AB This study focuses on the water and energy balance of a central Appalachian watershed with an area of 39.2 ha, covered with upland oaks and cove hardwoods, 80 years old, located near Parsons, West Virginia (39 degrees 20'N, 79 degrees 40'W). For 40 hydrologic years (May-April, 1951-1990) the average yearly sum of precipitation (P) was 145.5 cm, streamflow (R) was 63.8 cm, and evapotranspiration (Et = P - R) was 81.7 cm. Neglecting the energy used in photosynthesis, the yearly sum of net radiation of the watershed (Rrl) equals latent heat of evapotranspiration (Er) plus sensible heat exchange with the atmosphere (H). Rn was computed for 432 terrain segments covering the whole watershed area. Its average value was 2.2 GJ m(-2) year(-1). From the balance LEt = 2.02 GJ m(-2) year(-1), where L is the latent heat of evaporation of water. The sensible heat exchange (H = Rn - Et) was 0.18 GJ m(-2) year(-1) or 8% of Rn. C1 AGR RES SERV 4,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NE FOREST EXPT STN,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,PARSONS,WV 26287. RP Tajchman, SJ (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02375-1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WW550 UT WOS:A1997WW55000007 ER PT J AU Hornbeck, JW Smith, RB AF Hornbeck, JW Smith, RB TI A water resources decision model for forest managers SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th IUFRO Congress on Caring for the Forest - Research in a Changing World CY AUG, 1995 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND SP Int Union Forestry Res Org DE water quality; water yield; best management practices; forest hydrology AB Four decades of forest hydrology and meteorology research in northeastern United States has provided broad knowledge on relationships between forests and streamwater quantity and quality. We have incorporated this knowledge into a decision model to help forest managers protect and enhance water resources. The model is in a user-friendly format for personal computers, and allows the user to choose combinations from five management objectives or goals related to water quality and five related to water quantity. Options for management objectives to protect water quality are: (1) do nothing except obey the law, (2) provide intensive protection for wetlands as required by law, (3) enhance the habitat for warm-water fish, or enhance the habitat for cold-water fish, (4) provide intensive protection for water quality and unique flora and fauna found in the riparian area, (5) provide intensive protection for water quality beyond the usual Best Management Practices. Goals related to water quantity are: (1) do nothing except obey the law, (2) increase water yields, (3) limit peak flows, (4) maintain or exceed existing low flows, and (5) restore hydrologic function to previously disturbed lands. Regardless of goals selected, all users are first provided with information about Best Management Practices required to control non-point source pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Based upon the options selected, and taking into account forest stand and precipitation data provided by the user, one of six possible silvicultural systems is recommended to meet management objectives. Impacts of the recommended silvicultural system on water quality and quantity are provided in the form of text and tables. RP Hornbeck, JW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BOX 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02377-5 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WW550 UT WOS:A1997WW55000009 ER PT J AU Santos, DV Sousa, PL Smith, RE AF Santos, DV Sousa, PL Smith, RE TI Model simulation of water and nitrate movement in a level-basin under fertigation treatments SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE opus model; water and N management; NO3-N leaching; convective transport; solute dispersion; mineralization; nitrification AB Simulation models, once validated for local conditions, can play an important role in predicting the distribution patterns of yield factors and thus help the farmer with decisions on management practices. Results from a soil water and NO3-N concentration analysis are presented describing their behaviour under irrigation by temporary flooding (level basin). The data was used for validation of Opus model simulation of water movement and nitrate-nitrogen transport through the soil, The study was conducted in an alluvial soil located in the Sorraia River irrigation Project in Southern Portugal. Experimental observations were made in 1993 during the last two from a total of three fertigations conducted in a level basin planted with corn. In each fertigation an average of 85 mm of water and 50 kgha(-1) N was applied. An initial soil sampling described the physical, hydrodynamic and chemical character of the soil profile at the beginning of the experimental season. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was estimated from soil physical characteristics and water profile matching. Later sampling permitted definition of a water and NO3-N distribution pattern along the length of the field and confirmed that the NO3-N fate and transport is highly dependent on the soil water content and its movement. The Opus model was quite satisfactorily validated for the experimental conditions. Spatial variability in the soil physical characteristics was observed, as expected, causing scatter in model predictions, since the soil characteristics were estimated from just one of the seven monitored soil profiles. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV TECN LISBOA, RURAL ENGN DEPT, ADV INST AGRON, P-1100 LISBON, PORTUGAL. USDA ARS, WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT, NRRC, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(96)01273-5 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA WY295 UT WOS:A1997WY29500007 ER PT J AU Armbrust, DV Bilbro, JD AF Armbrust, DV Bilbro, JD TI Relating plant canopy characteristics to soil transport capacity by wind SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EROSION PROTECTION AB Federal legislation mandates that wind erosion soil losses be kept to a ''Tolerable'' limit to maintain eligibility for federal farm programs on highly erodible land. Therefore, much interest has been generated in devising wind erosion models that accurately determine the potential erosion from a given site and also evaluate the effectiveness of any control measure. These models require mathematical relationships between surface properties and the transport capacity of the wind. Such relationships are available for soil surface roughness and plant residues, but not for growing crops. Our objective was to establish these relationships for growing crops. We developed a theoretical approach that accounts for the effect of stem area, leaf area, and canopy cover of growing crops on the soil loss ratio, threshold velocity, and transport capacity. The predictive ability of the theory was tested using published data sets from growing plants tested in a wind tunnel. Measured soil loss ratios were highly correlated to predicted values (r(Z) = 0.99, P = 0.001). The results showed that plant area index and canopy cover are highly correlated with reduction in the transport capacity of the wind and, therefore, serve as indicators of the soil protection afforded by growing plants. A plant area index of 0.02 and a canopy cover of 4% reduced the transport capacity of a 16 m s(-1) wind by 50%. This method for determining the protective ability of a combination of growing plants and standing residue will improve predictive capabilities of wind erosion models for more diverse farm management conditions. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD SYST RES UNIT,BIG SPRING,TX 79721. RP Armbrust, DV (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WIND EROS RES UNIT,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 89 IS 2 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WY628 UT WOS:A1997WY62800002 ER PT J AU Bauer, PJ Sadler, EJ Frederick, JR AF Bauer, PJ Sadler, EJ Frederick, JR TI Intermittent shade effect on gas exchange of cotton leaves in the humid southeastern USA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIELD-GROWN COTTON AB Convective cumulus clouds intermittently shade growing plants on most days during the summer months in the southeastern USA. Previous research indicates a significant delay in the recovery of stomatal conductance (g(s)) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L,) leaves following a period of shade, Our objective was to determine the effect of shade on leaf net CO2 exchange rate (CER) and g(s) of three cotton cultivars, We monitored CER and g(s) of greenhouse- and field-grown cotton before, during, and after shading plants for up to 9 min at photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels of <300 pmol quanta m(-2) s(-1). The three cultivars had the same gas exchange response to shade, With the imposition of a 6-min shade on greenhouse-grown plants at 7 weeks after planting (WAP), g(s) of uppermost fully expanded leaves fell 43%, Two weeks later, a 6-min shade reduced g(s) of uppermost fully expanded leaves by 97%. Under field conditions, a 9-min shade reduced g(s) by 35% early in the cutout period (cessation of vegetative growth) in 1992 and 42% late in the cutout period in 1994. Under both greenhouse and held growing conditions, the low PAR levels with shade reduced CER to near 0 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1). Recovery of CER to preshade levels after the shade was removed coincided with the rate of recovery of g(s). In the greenhouse-grown plants, recovery of CER to preshade levels following 6 min of shade did not occur until 7 min (at 7 WAP) and 10 min (at 9 WAP) after the shade was removed, Field-grown leaves needed only 4 min to recover to preshade levels of CER and gr following 9 min of shade, The results suggest that, following a brief shade period, field-grown cotton leaves reacclimate within 4 min, while leaves on greenhouse-grown plants may take longer. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT AGRON,PEE DEE RES & EDUC CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29501. RP Bauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,2611 W LUCAS ST,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 89 IS 2 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WY628 UT WOS:A1997WY62800003 ER PT J AU Haskett, JD Pachepsky, YA Acock, B AF Haskett, JD Pachepsky, YA Acock, B TI Increase of CO2 and climate change effects on Iowa soybean yield, simulated using GLYCIM SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TRANSIENT RESPONSES; SOIL PROPERTIES; GRADUAL CHANGES AB Increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration are likely to have a significant impact on the climate and to affect the growth and development of crops. The effect of climate change on crops has to be assessed for large areas to provide information for global estimates and regional strategy development. In this study, computer simulations were done using the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop model GLYCIM to assess the effects of these changes on soybean yields in the state of Iowa. The ability of the model to accurately predict the effect of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration was tested by comparing model results with a curve fit of CO2 concentration yield response derived from measured data. To simulate the effects of climate change, we used projected monthly weather variables for ambient and increased CO2 from three general circulation models (GCMs): Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), and United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO). The monthly weather variables were converted to the daily weather to simulate soybean crop yields in nine crop reporting districts (CRDs) of Iowa, with and without increases in atmospheric CO2. When climate change was simulated with increasing levels of CO2 (baseline 350, 450, 550, and 650 mu L L-1), yields increased. Without increases in atmospheric CO2, yields remained essentially constant in the GFDL and GISS scenarios, while decreasing by 2 to 10% in the UKMO scenario. The variability in yields among nine CRDs increased for all scenarios as climate changed and levels of CO2 increased. Overall, projected climate changes did not substantially alter simulated soybean yields. The increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere was the primary determinant of yield response. C1 DUKE UNIV,USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 89 IS 2 BP 167 EP 176 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WY628 UT WOS:A1997WY62800004 ER PT J AU MacKown, CT Sutton, TG AF MacKown, CT Sutton, TG TI Recovery of fertilizer nitrogen applied to burley tobacco SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB The high cash value of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) may lead to ineffective excess fertilization Of the crop. The effects of N management on fertilizer N use efficiency by burley tobacco and recovery of residual fertilizer N by a winter cover crop were determined. Tobacco was grown in 1993 at two locations with 0 to 336 kg N ha(-1) broadcast applied before transplanting or 168 kg N ha(-1) sidedressed at onset of rapid growth (approximate to 5 wk after transplanting). Seasonal recoveries of N-15-depleted fertilizer N were determined in aboveground tissues of the tobacco crop. The amount of labeled fertilizer N recovered at harvest (29 to 124 kg N ha(-1)) increased with increasing amounts of N applied, but fertilizer N use efficiency was constant at 36.6 +/- 0.9% for broadcast applications. Sidedress N enhanced labeled fertilizer N recovery (43 to 54% of applied N, depending on location), even though total aboveground dry matter was equal to or 12% less than that of plants grown with the same amount of N applied by broadcast. Recovery of residual labeled fertilizer N in the cover crop ranged from 2 to 7% of applied N and was greatest for the highest amount of N applied. Fertilizer N recoveries estimated by the difference method equaled those of the N-15 method at 5 wk after transplanting. At 13 wk after transplanting, the difference method, particularly for applications of 84 and 168 kg N ha(-1), overestimated fertilizer N recoveries relative to the N-15 method, and is unlikely to provide an accurate measure of fertilizer N use by burley tobacco across a wide range of N applications. Reducing the amount of broadcast applied fertilizer to give a 10% decrease in air-cured. leaf yield would decrease the unaccounted fertilizer N by 80 to 115 kg N ha(-1), depending on location. As compared with broadcast application of fertilizer N before transplanting, drill banding the N at about 5 wk after transplanting would equal or further decrease unaccounted amounts of fertilizer N. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP MacKown, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,7207 W CHEYENNE ST,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 89 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WY628 UT WOS:A1997WY62800006 ER PT J AU Thomas, AL Kaspar, TC AF Thomas, AL Kaspar, TC TI Maize nodal root response to time of soil ridging SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; CORN GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; DAMAGE; ZEA AB An improved understanding of maize (Zea mays L.) nodal root response to soil ridging is needed to allow farmers to maximize the benefits of ridge-till tillage systems. Greenhouse (three trials, 1992 to 1994) and held (two sites in Iowa, 1992 and 1993) experiments were conducted with one maize hybrid to examine the effect of time of soil ridging on nodal root development, internode elongation, shoot dry matter, and grain yield. Maize root clumps were evaluated from unridged plants and from plants ridged either at early (V4 to V6) or late (V7) growth stages. Total numbers of nodal roots, numbers of roots per node, numbers of nodes developing functional roots, internode lengths, shoot dry matter, and grain yields (field study) were determined. Time of ridging significantly affected nodal root numbers and internode lengths. In two of the field trials, unridged maize plants produced 42.7 and 48.3 functional nodal roots, whereas plants ridged at growth stage V7 developed significantly more, 47.0 and 56.0 roots, respectively. Internodes 6 and 7, covered with soil during ridging, increased in length by as much as 124% in the field and 175% in the greenhouse when plants were ridged early rather than late. In one field trial, Internode 6 elongated to 44.1 mm with early ridging, but to less than 17.0 mm with either late or no ridging. Shoot dry matter and grain yields generally were not affected by ridging treatments in either field or greenhouse experiments. Later ridging tends to result in shorter internodes and more functional nodal roots which may be important to maize plants in terms of lodging resistance and recovery from corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) damage. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Thomas, AL (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SW RES CTR,ROUTE 3,BOX 88,MT VERNON,MO 65712, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 89 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WY628 UT WOS:A1997WY62800008 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Muchow, RC Monteith, JL AF Sinclair, TR Muchow, RC Monteith, JL TI Model analysis of sorghum response to nitrogen in subtropical and tropical environments SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; GRAIN-SORGHUM; COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVITY; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; MAIZE YIELD; GROWTH; FIELD; INTERCEPTION AB Nitrogen fertilization is important in achieving high sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yields. Under semiarid conditions, however, the response to N is confounded by seasonal differences in water availability. A simple, mechanistic model was developed to interpret measurements of the growth and yield of sorghum at different levels of N and water supply. The structure of the sorghum-N model was equivalent to a previously developed maize-N (Zea mays L.) model, including the N uptake function, which depends on thermal units. The sorghum-N model was developed considering experimental results obtained in the tropical climate of Katherine, Australia. After adjusting coefficients to describe leaf and grain development for sorghum instead of maize, the model simulated crop N uptake, growth, and grain yield. Without any further changes in the model, sorghum grown in the subtropical climate of Lawes, Australia, with grain yields ranging from 121 to 886 g m(-2), was well simulated by the model. A third set of data obtained in an irrigation-N application experiment at Hyderabad, India, was compared against model results. After adjusting the coefficients that describe the development of the cultivar and the soil organic content at this location, the model produced results comparable to experimental results. Analysis of the model results led to two interesting hypotheses concerning the experiment at Hyderabad: (i) the irrigation level of the well-watered treatment appeared to be inadequate to avoid drought stress at the end of the cropping season, and (ii) there was seemingly about 4 g N m(-2) of soil N unavailable to the crop in each of the irrigation treatments. Overall, the sorghum-N model proved useful in interpreting and analyzing held measurements of development, growth, and yield of sorghum grown under diverse conditions. C1 CSIRO,CUNNINGHAM LAB,DIV TROP CROPS & PASTURES,BRISBANE,QLD 4067,AUSTRALIA. INST TERR ECOL,EDINBURGH RES STN,PENICUIK EH26 0QB,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,BLDG 164,POB 110840,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 89 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WY628 UT WOS:A1997WY62800009 ER PT J AU Jones, OR Popham, TW AF Jones, OR Popham, TW TI Cropping and tillage systems for dryland grain production in the southern high plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SORGHUM; WHEAT AB Low precipitation and high evaporative potential limit yields of dryland crops in the semiarid Southern High Plains. Improved residue management can reduce evaporation and improve water conservation. We compared no-tillage (NT) and stubble mulch (SM residue management effects from 1984 to 1993 on leveled minibenches at Bushland, TX, using winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow (WF), continuous wheat (CW), wheat-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-fallow (WSF), and continuous sorghum (CS) systems. The soil was a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll). Our objective was to quantify and compare soil water storage, crop water use, and grain production in order to identify the most water-efficient production system. Relative to SM management, NT management of wheat residues increased average soil water contents at planting of the next crop by 22 mm with WSF, 15 mm with WF, and 29 mm with CW; it was not as effective with sorghum residues. Mean grain yields were not affected by residue management on any cropping system, because the additional water stored with NT management was slight in relation to seasonal evapotranspiration. Cropping systems had major effects on grain yield and production. Fallow systems (WSF, WF) normally resulted in higher yields than the corresponding annual cropping system (CW, CS). However, when grain production was adjusted to an annual basis including fallow time, the CS system was most efficient at using precipitation, producing 92% more grain than WSF, 240% more than CW, and 320% more than WF. Grain production was more than twice as great with sorghum than with wheat, due to greater biomass production and a 33% greater harvest index. Although wheat is the major dryland crop in the Southern High Plains, sorghum seems much better adapted to the region's predominant pattern of late spring-summer rainfall. C1 USDA,ARS,STILLWATER,OK 74075. RP Jones, OR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 12 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 89 IS 2 BP 222 EP 232 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WY628 UT WOS:A1997WY62800012 ER PT J AU Redfearn, DD Moore, KJ Vogel, KP Waller, SS Mitchell, RB AF Redfearn, DD Moore, KJ Vogel, KP Waller, SS Mitchell, RB TI Canopy architecture and morphology of switchgrass populations differing in forage yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIGESTIBILITY; SELECTION; QUALITY; GRASSES; TRAITS AB Phenotypic selection has been used to improve forage yield and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), but the effects on canopy architecture and morphology are not understood. Our objectives were to determine if canopy architecture and morphology can explain genotype x environment (G x E) yield differences in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and to evaluate canopy architecture and morphology as selection criteria for increasing yield. This study was conducted in 1993 near Mead, NE, and near Ames, IA. The experimental design was a randomized complete block experiment with a split-plot arrangement of four replicates at each location. Whole plots were tiller population and subplots were sward maturity. Tiller populations were harvested on 9 June, 19 July, and 27 August at Ames and on 10 June, 27 July, and 26 August at Mead and were classified morphologically. Tillers were separated into primary yield components and dried at 55 degrees C to determine total forage yield and dry matter contribution of morphological components. Genotype x environment interactions occurred for total forage yield and tiller density. Previous phenotypic selection for increased forage yield and IVDMD apparently altered morphological changes within the canopy of selected switchgrass populations. The most apparent changes were development of additional collared leaves and internodes in some populations across locations. Although canopy architecture may not be a useful selection criterion because of variability associated with individual canopy traits, indirect measurements showed that leaf area index (LAI) has some potential as a selection criterion for increasing total forage yield. However, selection for individual canopy traits may be most effective for modifying sward growth habits. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE WILDLIFE & FISHERIES MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. RP Redfearn, DD (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,SE RES STN,PO DRAWER 567,FRANKLINTON,LA 70438, USA. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 89 IS 2 BP 262 EP 269 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WY628 UT WOS:A1997WY62800018 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Nielson, DC AF Jones, TA Nielson, DC TI Defoliation tolerance of bluebunch and snake river wheatgrasses SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID THICKSPIKE WHEATGRASSES; AGROPYRON BUNCHGRASSES; DROUGHT; GRASSES; TRITICEAE; REGROWTH; GROWTH; SEASON AB Bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love] has long been noted for poor tolerance to grazing during culm elongation in the spring. Bluebunch wheatgrass is an autoploid series of diploids (2x) and tetraploids (4x). In the mid-1980s, a group of populations were found to be allotetraploid and are now commonly referred to as Snake River wheatgrass. Relative grazing tolerance of 2x and 4x bluebunch wheatgrass and of Snake River wheatgrass is unknown. This study evaluated the effect of multiple defoliation on these grasses to simulate one consequence of grazing, removal of photosynthetic tissue. Fifteen entries representing the three taxa were established at North Logan, UT, on a Millville silt loam (coarse-silty, carbonatic, mesic Typic Rendolls; 2-4% slope) during 1988. Seedlings were vegetatively propagated into two clones apiece and transplanted adjacent to one another; one clone was subjected to multiple defoliation and the other served as an undefoliated control. Multiple defoliation at 10 cm was applied from late spring to midsummer from 1990 to 1992 at 4-wk intervals and dry matter yield was measured in late fall 1991, early spring 1992, late fall 1992, and late spring 1993. We used the defoliated-to-control ratio of plant response to estimate defoliation tolerance. The defoliated-to-controI ratio for dry matter yield of Snake River wheatgrass (0.17 and 0.38 in late fall 1991 and early spring 1992, respectively) was greater than for 4x (0.06 and 0.18) or 2x (0.06 and 0.19) bluebunch wheatgrasses after the first year of multiple defoliation. The defoliated-to-contro1 ratio for dry matter yield did not differ among taxa in late fall 1992, but the ratios for Snake River wheatgrass (0.20) and 4x bluebunch wheatgrass (0.21) were both greater than for 2x bluebunch wheatgrass (0.13) in late spring 1993. Less variation was seen among Snake River than bluebunch wheatgrass entries. Because Snake River wheatgrass had both higher yield and greater defoliation tolerance than bluebunch wheatgrass, Snake River wheatgrass is more likely to survive defoliation over the long term. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 89 IS 2 BP 270 EP 275 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WY628 UT WOS:A1997WY62800019 ER PT J AU Wagner, SW Reicosky, DC Alessi, RS AF Wagner, SW Reicosky, DC Alessi, RS TI Regression models for calculating gas fluxes measured with a closed chamber SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PORTABLE CHAMBER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; EXCHANGE; CROPS; WHEAT AB Portable closed chambers provide a valuable tool for measuring crop photosynthesis and evapotranspiration. Typically, the fates of change of CO2 and water vapor concentration are assumed to be constant in the short time required to make the closed-chamber measurement, and a linear regression model is used to estimate the C0(2) and H2O fluxes, However, due to the physical and physiological effects the measurement system has on the measured process, assuming a constant rate and using a linear model may underestimate the flux. Our objective was to provide a model that estimates the CO2 and H2O exchange rates at the time of chamber closure, We compared the linear regression model with a quadratic regression model using field measurements from two studies, Generally, 60 to 100% of all chamber measurement data sets were significantly nonlinear, causing the quadratic model to yield fluxes 10 to 40% greater than those calculated with the linear regression model, The frequency and degree of nonlinearity were related to the measured rate and chamber volume, Closed-chamber data should be tested for nonlinearity and an appropriate model used to calculate flux, The quadratic model provides users of well-mixed closed chambers an alternative to a simple linear model for data sets with significant nonlinearity. RP Wagner, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,803 IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 13 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 50 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 89 IS 2 BP 279 EP 284 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WY628 UT WOS:A1997WY62800021 PM 11540953 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ Abrams, SA Wong, WW AF Ellis, KJ Abrams, SA Wong, WW TI Body composition of a young, multiethnic female population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body composition; children; females; bone mineral content; fat; percentage fat; whites; blacks; Hispanics ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; SKELETAL CALCIUM; OBESE CHILDREN; WHITE-CHILDREN; FAT MASS; BLACK; ACCURACY; PATIENT; GIRLS AB The study objective was to establish the range of body-composition values for a multiethnic female population (aged 3-18 y) by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results for 313 females in three ethnic groups [European American (white), n = 141; African American (black), n = 101; and Mexican American (Hispanic), n = 68] are reported. Changes in the bone mineral content (BMC), lean tissue mass (LTM), fat mass, and percentage fat are presented as functions of age. Analysis of variance with age, weight, and height as covariates was used to evaluate differences among the three ethnic groups. BMC and LTM were higher in the black than the white females, but no significant difference in BMC or LTM was evident between the white and Hispanic groups. The relation between the BMC and LTM compartments was linear (r = 0.963, P < 0.0005) and independent of age or ethnic classification. The Hispanic and black females had higher percentage fat values than the white group. When adjusted for body size, the Hispanic females continued to have significantly higher fat mass and percentage fat than the white females in this study. Ethnic-specific equations for body composition as a function of age, weight, and height are given. In addition, the results for the white females in the present study were compared with DXA-derived body-composition data for reference populations in other countries. We conclude that reference values of total body composition for young females need to be ethnic specific. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,BODY COMPOSIT LAB,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 32 TC 146 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 3 BP 724 EP 731 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WK840 UT WOS:A1997WK84000002 PM 9062521 ER PT J AU Sokoll, LJ Booth, SL OBrien, ME Davidson, KW Tsaioun, KI Sadowski, JA AF Sokoll, LJ Booth, SL OBrien, ME Davidson, KW Tsaioun, KI Sadowski, JA TI Changes in serum osteocalcin, plasma phylloquinone, and urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in response to altered intakes of dietary phylloquinone in human subjects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary phylloquinone; serum osteocalcin; undercarboxylated osteocalcin; urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid; plasma phylloquinone; human subjects ID VITAMIN-K DEFICIENCY; BONE GLA-PROTEIN; CIRCULATING OSTEOCALCIN; UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN; ELDERLY WOMEN; CALCIUM EXCRETION; TREATED PATIENTS; CARBOXYLATION; NUTRITION; MARKER AB The response of osteocalcin and other biochemical markers of vitamin K status to diets formulated to contain different amounts of phylloquinone was assessed in nine healthy subjects aged 20-33 y. Subjects resided in a metabolic ward for two 15-d cycles with a minimum of 6 wk between cycles. A mixed diet containing 100 mu g phylloquinone/d was fed throughout both cycles; however, the phylloquinone content of one of the cycles was increased to a total of 420 mu g/d on days 6 through 10 by fortifying corn oil in the diet with phylloquinone (supplemented diet). Total serum osteocalcin concentrations were not affected by either of the dietary treatments. The percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin increased an average of 28% over the 15-d cycle with the mixed diet (P < 0.05) and declined significantly an average of 41% with 5 d of the supplemented diet (day 6: 21.9 +/- 1.3%, day 11: 12.8 +/- 1.1%; P = 0.0001) with a rise after the return to the mixed diet (16.7 +/- 1.3%, P < 0.001). Plasma phylloquinone concentrations increased significantly with supplementation (day 6: 0.95 +/- 0.16 nmol/L, day 11: 1.40 +/- 0.29 nmol/L; P < 0.001) and then rapidly returned to presupplementation concentrations on returning to the mixed diet. Twenty-four-hour ratios of urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid to creatinine were unchanged with the supplemented diet; however, excretion declined to 91 +/- 2% of baseline after 10 d on the mixed diet (P = 0.01). These results show that undercarboxylated osteocalcin, plasma phylloquinone, and urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid excretion appear to be sensitive measures of vitamin K nutritional status because all of these variables were responsive to changes in dietary intake. C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,JEAN MAYER USDA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 39 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 3 BP 779 EP 784 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WK840 UT WOS:A1997WK84000010 PM 9062529 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Herbel, JL Nielsen, FH AF Hunt, CD Herbel, JL Nielsen, FH TI Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: Boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Meeting of the Federation of American-Society-for-Experimental-Biology/American-Institute-of-Nutritio n/American-Society-of-Clinical-Nutrition CY APR 26-29, 1994 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Soc Expt Biol, Amer Inst Nutr, Amer Soc Clin Nutr DE boron; aluminum; calcium; magnesium; postmenopause; humans; blood pressure; boron absorption; boron metabolism; urinary boron; blood urea nitrogen; oxalate; plasma boron; red blood cell boron ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; VEGETARIAN DIET; LITHIUM; PHOSPHORUS; PLASMA; DIGESTION; NUTRITION; ELEMENTS AB Findings from animal studies indicate that dietary boron affects several aspects of mineral metabolism, especially when animals are subjected to nutritional stressors. Eleven postmenopausal volunteers living on a metabolic ward for 167 d (one 23-d equilibration period and six 24-d treatment periods) were fed a conventional basal diet that supplied a daily average intake of 0.36 mg B, 109 mg Mg, and < 0.10 mg Al/8400 kJ. They were given supplements of 0 (BE) or 3 mg B (SE, last two periods only), 0 (BMg) or 200 mg Mg (SMg) (with magnesium supplements held constant during the last two periods), or 0 (BAl) or 1000 mg Al (SAl)/d. The SE treatment, compared with the BE treatment, provided a 9.0-fold increase in dietary boron but yielded only a 1.5-fold increase in plasma boron concentrations. Regardless of boron dietary treatment, fecal plus urinary excretion of boron accounted for nearly 100% of dietary boron intake with no evidence of boron accumulation over time. Lack of boron accumulation and relatively small changes in blood boron values during a substantial increase in dietary boron support the concept of boron homeostasis. In subjects fed BMg, SE decreased the percentage of dietary calcium lost in the urine but increased that percentage in volunteers fed SMg, a relation that may be important in understanding metabolic mineral disorders that perturb calcium balance. Reduced calcium absorption during SAI suggests that aluminum supplementation should be limited or at least monitored in postmenopausal women prone to excessive calcium loss. Decreased total urinary oxalate during SE in BMg subjects indicates a possible role for boron in the control of urolithiasis during low-magnesium nutriture. RP Hunt, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 49 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 3 BP 803 EP 813 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WK840 UT WOS:A1997WK84000014 PM 9062533 ER PT J AU Schaefer, EJ LamonFava, S Ausman, LM Ordovas, JM Clevidence, BA Judd, JT Goldin, BR Woods, M Gorbach, S Lichtenstein, AH AF Schaefer, EJ LamonFava, S Ausman, LM Ordovas, JM Clevidence, BA Judd, JT Goldin, BR Woods, M Gorbach, S Lichtenstein, AH TI Individual variability in lipoprotein cholesterol response to national cholesterol education program step 2 diets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 68th Annual Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13-16, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Heart Assoc DE lipoproteins; cholesterol; triacylglycerols; triglycerides; National Cholesterol Education Program; diet ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HIGH-FIBER DIET; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SERUM-LIPIDS; LOW-FAT; PRECIPITATION PROCEDURE; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL; MEN; INTERVENTION AB The effects of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 2 diets on plasma lipoprotein profiles in 72 men [mean (+/- SD) age: 44 +/- 15 y, range: 19-81 y] and 48 women (mean age: 50 +/- 21 y, range: 21-78 y) participating in five previously published studies were examined. Subjects were placed on a baseline diet similar to an average American diet (35-41% total fat, 13-16% saturated fat, 31-45 mg cholesterol/MJ) and then on an NCEP Step 2 diet (18-29% total fat, 4-7% saturated fat, 11-20 mg cholesterol/MJ) under isoenergetic conditions. All food and drink were provided. Compared with the baseline diet, consumption of the NCEP Step 2 diets was associated with significant decreases in concentrations of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-18.9% and -15.6%, respectively) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (-17.0% and -11.2%, respectively) in both men and women. Men with the apolipoprotein (ape) E 3,4 phenotype had a significantly greater decrease in LDL cholesterol (-24.2%) with the NCEP Step 2 diets than men with the apo E 3,3 phenotype (-17.7%). Men with the apo A-IV 1,2 phenotype tended to have less LDL cholesterol lowering (-12.8%) than men with the apo A-IV 1,1 phenotype (-19.6%), but this difference was not significant. No differences were seen by apo E and A-TV phenotype in women. A large variability in lipid response to the diet was observed, with changes in LDL cholesterol ranging from +3% to -55% in men and and from +13% to -39% in women. Forty-eight percent of the variability in LDL-cholesterol response (in mmol/L) to the diet could be accounted for by baseline LDL concentrations and age in men, and 13% by age in women. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR SCI & POLICY,BELTSVILLE,MD. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MEYER USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA54349, R37 CA45128]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL39326] NR 34 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 3 BP 823 EP 830 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WK840 UT WOS:A1997WK84000016 PM 9062535 ER PT J AU Kramer, TR Burri, BJ AF Kramer, TR Burri, BJ TI Modulated mitogenic proliferative responsiveness of lymphocytes in whole-blood cultures after a low-carotene diet and mixed-carotenoid supplementation in women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE beta-carotene; carotenoids; T lymphocyte proliferation; mitogenic responsiveness; whole-blood cultures; phytohemagglutinin ID BETA-CAROTENE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; ADULT WOMEN; CANCER; VEGETABLES; FRUIT; STIMULATION; RESPONSES; FOODS AB To determine the effects of dietary carotenes on the mitogenic proliferative responsiveness of blood lymphocytes in vitro, nine premenopausal women were fed a low-carotene diet for 120 d. Low-dose beta-carotene (0.5 mg/d) was given to five subjects on days 1-60, while four received a placebo. All subjects received a low-dose beta-carotene (0.5 mg/d) supplement on days 61-120, plus a carotenoid complex on days 101-120. The mean (+/- SEM) serum beta-carotene concentration for the combined beta-carotene supplemented and placebo subjects (n = 9) was not significantly reduced from that on day 1 (1.27 +/- 0.24 mu mol/L) on days 60 (0.66 +/- 0.14 mu mol/L) and 100 (0.91 +/- 0.38 mu mol/L), but on day 120 (3.39 +/- 0.44 mu mol/L) it was increased above that on days 1, 60, and 100. Maximum mitogenic proliferative responsiveness of blood lymphocytes in vitro to optimal dose phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was reduced on days 60 (P = 0.025) and 100 (P < 0.0001), but corrected itself on day 120 to a value above those on day 1 (P = 0.04), day 60 (P = 0.0001), and day 100 (P < 0.0001). Present findings show that a diet low in carotene had a suppressive effect on the maximum mitogenic proliferative responsiveness of blood lymphocytes in vitro, which was not corrected with low-dose beta-carotene supplementation but was with a carotenoid complex from vegetables rich in carotenoids. C1 WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP Kramer, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,CARTENOIDS RES UNIT,BLDG 307,ROOM 216,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 3 BP 871 EP 875 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WK840 UT WOS:A1997WK84000023 PM 9062542 ER PT J AU Lukaski, H AF Lukaski, H TI Chromium supplementation and iron metabolism - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter RP Lukaski, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,2420 2ND AVE N,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 3 BP 891 EP 892 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WK840 UT WOS:A1997WK84000030 ER PT J AU Sanford, LL AF Sanford, LL TI Tuber yields and specific gravities in Solanum tuberosum populations recurrently selected for resistance to potato leafhopper SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Empoasca fabae; breeding AB Solanum tuberosum genotypes from the 3rd, 5th, and 7th generations of recurrent selection for resistance to potato leafhopper were compared with genotypes from the base, unselected population for tuber yield and specific gravity over a five year period. Mean tuber yields of the genotypes in the 3rd and 5th generations were equal to the yield of those in the base population. The mean tuber yield in the 7th generation was significantly lower than the mean in the base population and the means in the other selection generations. However, the mean tuber specific gravities of the 5th and 7th generation genotypes were slightly higher than the mean in the base population. The variability of tuber yield among genotypes in the 7th selection generation was lower than the variability in the base population and in the 3rd and 5th selection generations. It was concluded that there was moderate genetic potential for selecting genotypes with resistance to potato leafhopper that had acceptable tuber yields in the 3rd and 5th selection generations, but by the 7th generation the potential was considerably lower. The genetic potential for selecting resistant genotypes with acceptable tuber specific gravities remained about the same in each of the selection generations. RP Sanford, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 2 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1007/BF02851553 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU007 UT WOS:A1997WU00700001 ER PT J AU Muldoon, MT Stanker, LH AF Muldoon, MT Stanker, LH TI Molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction of atrazine from beef liver extracts SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID DERIVATIVES; MACROPOROUS POLYMERS; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; BUILT POLYMERS; RESOLUTION; ASSAY; SELECTIVITY; RECOGNITION; IMMUNOASSAY; NMR AB Molecularly imprinted polymers were used as specific binding matrices for the solid phase extraction and cleanup of biological sample extracts. To demonstrate this, an anti-atrazine polymer was used to cleanup organic extracts of beef liver. Atrazine retention on the columns was greatest in chloroform. The binding capacity of the polymer in chloroform was 19 mu mol of atrazine per gram. Purified and unpurified beef liver extracts were analyzed by both reversed-phase HPLC and ELISA. The use of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) improved the accuracy and precision of the HPLC method and lowered the limit of detection (0.005 ppm). Atrazine recovery as determined by HPLC from beef liver homogenates spiked to levels from 0.005 to 0.5 ppm averaged 88.7% following MISPE and 60.9% for the unpurified extracts. Atrazine recovery as determined by ELISA averaged 92.8% following MISPE and 79.6% for the unpurified extracts. Crude tissue sample extracts interfered with both the HPLC and ELISA methods, However, the use of MISPE allowed for the rapid analysis of complex biological matrices using either method at the tolerance level of 0.02 ppm in meat products. The application of molecular imprinting technology for solid phase extraction is a new approach for the analysis of highly lipophilic low molecular weight contaminants. C1 USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 23 TC 250 Z9 264 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 5 BP 803 EP 808 DI 10.1021/ac9604649 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WK383 UT WOS:A1997WK38300011 PM 9068268 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Hill, NS AF Belesky, DP Hill, NS TI Defoliation and leaf age influence on ergot alkaloids in tall fescue SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Neotyphodium coenophialum; Festuca arundinacea; N; non-structural carbohydrate ID ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; ERGOPEPTINE ALKALOIDS; WATER REGIME; ENDOPHYTE; ERGOVALINE; STRESS; PLANT; ACCESSIONS; METABOLISM; GENOTYPE AB A controlled environment experiment was conducted to determine the influence of defoliation on the regrowth and development of two tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) host-endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams (Glenn, Bacon, Price and Hanlin comb. nov.) associations (DN2 and DN11), known to differ in morphology and alkaloid production capacity. Defoliation treatments included an uncut control, and clipping to a 5- or 10-cm residue height. In a separate experiment, leaf age effects were determined on an uncut plant canopy. Ergot alkaloid concentration was greatest in pseudostem and least in harvested leaf. Non-infected plants were devoid of alkaloid. Alkaloid production (expressed as a function of dry matter) and yield were greater in uncut than clipped plants, and were greater in DN11 than DN2 plants. Alkaloid production increased with increasing N concentration in both associations; however, the rate of production was influenced by concentration of non-structural carbohydrate. Leaf age influenced leaf mass and alkaloid concentration and yield. Oldest leaves (> 6 weeks after appearance) of DN2 and DN11 had the lowest concentrations of ergot alkaloid, while leaves that were 2 to 4 weeks old had the greatest alkaloid concentration and yield (alkaloid concentration x leaf mass). Repeated defoliation reduced the production of alkaloids, but did so as a function of non-structural carbohydrate. Our data suggest that alkaloid production can be modified by defoliation as well as by host-endophyte association. (C) 1997 Annals of Botany Company. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 400,BEAVER,WV 25813, USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1006/anbo.1996.0342 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WP443 UT WOS:A1997WP44300005 ER PT J AU Odell, TM Keena, MA Willis, RB AF Odell, TM Keena, MA Willis, RB TI Dietary influence of iron formulation on the development of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in laboratory colonies SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; laboratory rearing; dietary minerals; iron bioavailability; nutritional ecology ID PHOSPHATE AB Colonies of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), reared on the standard wheat germ diet have been experiencing periods of unexplained slow asynchronous development. The cause of the variability in development has been identified to be the variable nature of ferric phosphate provided in the diet. As a separate ingredient or in a salt mixture, ferric phosphate is a mixture of the amorphous and crystalline forms of this compound. Slow, asynchronous development occurred when ferric phosphate containing inadequate quantities of the amorphous form (6 mg/liter) was used in the preparation of diet. When the amount of amorphous ferric phosphate was higher, 35-49 mg/liter, larvae developed normally. Slow, asynchronous development did not occur when diet containing sufficient amorphous ferric phosphate was supplemented with extra crystalline ferric phosphate. Thus, the presence of crystalline ferric phosphate did not cause the developmental problems. Insects fed diet containing ferric citrate as a substitute for ferric phosphate, or Reck's mineral supplement containing ferrous sulfate, developed synchronously and faster than siblings fed diet containing inadequate amorphous ferric phosphate, indicating that the iron component of ferric phosphate was the nutrient affecting synchrony and speed of development. The possibility of an iron deficiency caused by differences in bioavailability of amorphous and crystalline ferric phosphate is discussed. RP Odell, TM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE CTR FOREST HLTH RES,USDA,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 149 EP 154 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP589 UT WOS:A1997WP58900005 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Walsh, WA Kanehisa, D Jang, EB Armstrong, JW AF Vargas, RI Walsh, WA Kanehisa, D Jang, EB Armstrong, JW TI Demography of four Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fruit flies; temperature; comparative demography ID LATIFRONS DIPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY; FLY DIPTERA; PARAMETERS; WILD AB Reproductive and population parameters of melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett): oriental fruit flies, B. dorsalis (Hendel); Malaysian fruit flies, B. latifrons (Hendel); and Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were measured at 16, 18, 24, 29, and 32 +/- 1 degrees C. Female longevity of B, cucurbitae, C, capitata, B, dorsalis, and B, latifrons ranged (minimum/maximum) from 35.6 to 136.5, 12.5 to 107.3, 27.5 to 133.5, and 15.0 to 80.3 d, respectively. Corresponding ranges for longevity of male fruit flies were 37.4 to 220.8, 13.3 to 182.0, 23.1 to 116.8, and 12.4 to 61.3 d, respectively. Highest net reproductive rates (i.e., production of newborn females per generation) for all species occurred at 24 degrees C. At this temperature, B, dorsalis rates were almost mice those for all other species. The rate of multiplication per generation per female was <1 for B. latifrons reared at all temperatures and for B. cucurbitae, B. dorsalis, and C. capitata at 16 and 32 degrees C. Highest intrinsic rates of population increase for all species were at 29 degrees C. Values at this temperature were highest for C, capitata and lowest for B. latifrons. Mean generation times varied inversely with temperature. The effects of temperature on fruit fly reproduction and life history patterns are discussed with respect to rearing operations and geography. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,USDA,2727 WOODLAWN DR,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 26 TC 54 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 162 EP 168 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP589 UT WOS:A1997WP58900007 ER PT J AU Beetham, PK AF Beetham, PK TI Sheep scab mite (Acari: Psoroptidae): General morphology and immunocytochemistry using serum from infested animals SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Psoroptes ovis; immunocytochemistry; psoroptic mange ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CATTLE; OVIS; ANTIGENS; TICK AB The basic morphology of the digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems of the sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis Hering, was defined by light microscopy. An understanding of the structure of the digestive system of P. ovis is prerequisite to identification of target antigens in specific regions of the digestive tract using immunocytochemistry. Sera from a mite-infested animal and an animal with repeated mite infestations no longer able to maintain a population of P. ovis (acquired resistance) were used to determine antibody specificity to the mite digestive system, and these were compared with the sera from uninfested animals. Sera from naive animals with mite infestations and those animals with repeated infestations had antibodies that were specific against the digestive tract, whereas sera from uninfested control animals did not demonstrate any antibody specificity to mite antigens. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that polyclonal antibodies to mite gut antigens were present in infested naive animals as well as in multiply infested animals, indicating that gut antigens have a possible role in host resistance. RP Beetham, PK (reprint author), ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LA,BITING FLY RES UNIT,USDA,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 202 EP 207 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP589 UT WOS:A1997WP58900011 ER PT J AU Krider, HM Shields, KS AF Krider, HM Shields, KS TI Meiosis in North American and Asian races of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and their hybrids SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; meiosis; chromosomes; gypsy moth ID SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEXES; POPULATIONS; PROPHASE AB We have examined the meiosis of North American and Asian races of Lymantria dispar (L.) and their hybrids. The 31 prophase bivalents differ in size but bear few physical characteristics that allow a karyotype. Gypsy moth females are the heterogametic ses and we suggest possible elements of the ZW pair. The meiotic prophases are achiasmate, but the chromosomes are tightly synapsed throughout prophase. A diffuse stage occurs, during which some chromosomes bear chromomeres. Male prophases are chiasmate. Meiosis of interracial hybrid females are normal and do not show evidence of heteromorphic bivalents, inversions, or translocations. Division anomalies are prevalent in the males, most anaphase figures representing unbalanced segregations. These observations are discussed in relation to efforts to characterize the gypsy moth genome. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE CTR FOREST HLTH RES,USDA,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP Krider, HM (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT MOL & CELL BIOL,354 MANSFIELD RD,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 223 EP 229 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP589 UT WOS:A1997WP58900014 ER PT J AU Erickson, EH Atmowidjojo, AH AF Erickson, EH Atmowidjojo, AH TI Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) as a pollen resource for honey bee colonies in the Lower Colorado River agroecosystem SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Cynodon dactylon; pollen plant; Apis mellifera; pollen foraging; mortality AB Beekeepers in southwestern Arizona and southeastern California frequently report the poisoning of numerous honey bee colonies following the application of insecticides to blooming bermuda grass grown for seed. This study was undertaken to characterize the relative frequency, intensity, and seasonality of honey bee foraging for bermuda grass pollen. The results show that bermuda grass pollen was gathered only intermittently at both study sites throughout the 54 week study period. Moreover, only a small fraction of all pollen gathered, 1.2% at site A and 1.5% at site B, was from bermuda grass. Bermuda grass does not appear to be a preferred pollen resource for honey bees, and it may be foraged only in response to the relative unavailability of other more acceptable sources. Honey bee losses due to insecticides applied to bermuda grass may be driven by these foraging dynamics and/or other factors. RP Erickson, EH (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85705, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1051/apido:19970201 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XH623 UT WOS:A1997XH62300001 ER PT J AU Feldlaufer, MF Harrison, DJ Wilzer, KR AF Feldlaufer, MF Harrison, DJ Wilzer, KR TI Comparison of the dietary and tissue sterols of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Galleria mellonella; neutral sterols; cholesterol; chemical control; parasite; Apis mellifera ID HONEY BEE; APIS-MELLIFERA; MAKISTERONE-A; METAMORPHOSIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; ECDYSTEROIDS; METABOLISM; INHIBITORS; INSECTS AB The neutral sterols of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella were determined and compared to the sterols isolated from the used brood comb upon which the insects were reared. Analysis by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that used brood comb contained primarily 28- and 29-carbon sterols, with cholesterol accounting for less than 1% of the total sterols detected. This differed considerably from the insect, where cholesterol comprised over 85% of the tissue sterols. These results indicate the wax moth is able to convert dietary 24-alkylsterols to cholesterol. The potential for using inhibitors of sterol metabolism to control G mellonella is discussed. C1 DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Feldlaufer, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1051/apido:19970205 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XH623 UT WOS:A1997XH62300005 ER PT J AU Raaijmakers, JM Weller, DM Thomashow, LS AF Raaijmakers, JM Weller, DM Thomashow, LS TI Frequency of antibiotic-producing Pseudomonas spp. in natural environments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; PHENAZINE BIOSYNTHETIC LOCUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; TAKE-ALL; GENOMIC REGION; WHEAT; SUPPRESSION; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; AUREOFACIENS AB The antibiotics phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) are major determinants of biological control of soilborne plant pathogens by various strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. In this study, we described primers and probes that enable specific and efficient detection of a wide variety of fluorescent Pseudomonas strains that produce various phenazine antibiotics or Phl. PCR analysis and Southern hybridization demonstrated that specific genes within the biosynthetic loci for Phl and PCA are conserved among various Pseudomonas strains of worldwide origin, The frequency of Phl- and PCA-producing fluorescent pseudomonads was determined on roots of wheat grown in three soils suppressive to take-all disease of wheat and four soils conducive to take-all by colony hybridization followed by PCR. Phenazine-producing strains were not detected on roots from any of the soils, However, Phl-producing fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from all three take-all-suppressive soils at densities ranging from approximately 5 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(6) CFU per g of root. In the complementary conducive soils, Phl-producing pseudomonads were not detected or were detected at densities at least 40-fold lower than those in the suppressive soils. We speculate that fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce Phl play an important role in the natural suppressiveness of these soils to take-all disease of wheat. RP Raaijmakers, JM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,367 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. RI Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014 OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614 NR 40 TC 265 Z9 290 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 63 IS 3 BP 881 EP 887 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WL144 UT WOS:A1997WL14400011 PM 16535555 ER PT J AU Bonsall, RF Weller, DM Thomashow, LS AF Bonsall, RF Weller, DM Thomashow, LS TI Quantification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol produced by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in vitro and in the rhizosphere of wheat SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHENOLIC-ACIDS; BIOCONTROL AGENT; TAKE-ALL; AUREOFACIENS; STRAIN; SOILS AB The broad-spectrum antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) is a major determinant in the biological control of a wide range of plant diseases by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp, A protocol was developed to readily isolate and quantify Phl from broth and agar cultures and from the rhizosphere environment of plants, Extraction,vith ethyl acetate at an acidic pH was suitable for both in vitro and in situ sources of Phl, For soil samples, the addition of an initial extraction step with 80% acetone at an acidic pH was highly effective in eliminating polar organic soil components, such as humic and fulvic acids, which can interfere with Phl detection by high-performance liquid chromotography. The efficiency of Phl recovery from soil by a single extraction averaged 54.6%, and a second extraction added another 6.1%. These yields were substantially greater than those achieved by several standard protocols commonly used to extract polar phenolic compounds from soil, For the first time Phl was isolated from the rhizosphere environment in raw soil, Following application of Pseudomonas fluorescens Q2-87 and the Phl-overproducing strain Q2-87(pPHL5122) to the seeds of wheat, 2.1 and 2.4 mu g of Phl/g of root plus rhizosphere soil, respectively, were isolated from wheat grown in a Ritzville silt loam; 0.37 and 1.3 mu g of Phl/g of root plus rhizosphere soil, respectively, were isolated from wheat grown in a Shano silt loam, However, when the amount of Phl was calculated on the basis of cell density, Q2-87(pPHL5122) produced seven and six times more antibiotic than Q2-87 in Ritzville silt loam, and Shano silt loam, respectively. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 24 TC 97 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 63 IS 3 BP 951 EP 955 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WL144 UT WOS:A1997WL14400021 PM 16535559 ER PT J AU Canada, SR Dunkle, LD AF Canada, SR Dunkle, LD TI Polymorphic chromosomes bearing the Tox2 locus in Cochliobolus carbonum behave as homologs during meiosis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOST-SPECIFIC TOXIN; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-CARBONUM; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; NORTH-CAROLINA; MAIZE; RACES; CORN; PATHOGENICITY; DISEASE AB The HTS1 gene in the Tox2 locus of the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 is required for synthesis of a host-selective phytotoxin and for increased virulence on susceptible genotypes of maize. The locus is present in race 1 isolates but absent from isolates of the other races, which do not produce the toxin. By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern analysis with HTS1 sequences and chromosome-specific markers, the HTS1 gene was detected on a 4-Mb chromosome in one group of isolates and on a 2.3-Mb chromosome in another group, which lacked the 4-Mb chromosome. A chromosome-specific marker from C. heterostrophus hybridized to a 2.3-Mb chromosome in non-toxin-producing isolates and in toxin-producing isolates, including those with a 4-Mb chromosome. A marker from C. carbonum hybridized to the 4-Mb chromosome, but in isolates lacking the 4-Mb chromosome, this marker hybridized to a smaller, 2.0-Mb chromosome. Thus, the Tox2 locus is on different chromosomes in different groups of race 1 isolates. Single ascospore progeny from crosses between isolates having HTS1 on different chromosomes were analyzed for toxin-producing ability, virulence, and the presence and chromosomal location of HTS1. All progeny produced HC toxin in culture, incited race 1-type lesions on susceptible maize genotypes, and contained HTS1 sequences, as determined by PCR amplification with gene-specific primers, Analysis of the chromosomal complements of several progeny indicated that they all had only one Tox2-containing chromosome. Thus, despite their differences in size, these chromosomes behave as homologs during meiosis and may have arisen by a translocation. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,USDA,AGR RES SERV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 63 IS 3 BP 996 EP 1001 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WL144 UT WOS:A1997WL14400029 PM 16535561 ER PT J AU Grifoll, M Hammel, KE AF Grifoll, M Hammel, KE TI Initial steps in the degradation of methoxychlor by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized [ring-C-14] methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-methoxyphenyl)ethane] and metabolized it to a variety of products. The three most prominent of these were identified as the 1-dechloro derivative 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) ethane, the 2-hydroxy derivative 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, and the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol by comparison of the derivatives with authentic standards in chromatographic and mass spectrometric experiments. In addition, the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative was identified from its H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, The 1-dechloro and 2-hydroxy derivatives were both converted to the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative by the fungus; i.e., there was no requirement that dechlorination precede hydroxylation or vice versa. All three metabolites were mineralized and are therefore likely intermediates in the degradation of methoxychlor by P. chrysosporium. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; Grifoll, Magdalena/G-1131-2016 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 63 IS 3 BP 1175 EP 1177 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WL144 UT WOS:A1997WL14400060 PM 16535547 ER PT J AU Jones, RB Satterlee, DG Marks, HL AF Jones, RB Satterlee, DG Marks, HL TI Fear-related behaviour in Japanese quail divergently selected for body weight SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body weight; genetic selection; growth; fear; Japanese quail ID COMPLETE NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS; HIGH ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; TONIC IMMOBILITY REACTIONS; CORTICOSTERONE RESPONSE; DOMESTIC-FOWL; CHICKENS; GROWTH; STRESS; SPLIT; HENS AB The damaging effects of fear on a number of performance indicators in poultry and other farm animals are becoming increasingly recognised. More specifically, there is growing evidence for a negative association between growth and fearfulness (an underlying behavioural characteristic). The present study examined this putative relationship in Japanese quail from two genetic fines that had been selected over several generations for low (LBW) or high (HBW) body weight at 4 weeks of age and in those of a non-selected control (CON) line. HEW quail were substantially heavier than LEW ones at 31 days of age (197 and 34 g, respectively), with CON birds occupying an intermediate (104 g) position. Birds were observed individually and once only between 26 and 32 days of age in one of three putative tests of fear. Quail of the LEW line showed greater avoidance of a conspicuous novel object placed near the home cage and longer tonic immobility fear reactions, and they vocalized and struggled later and less often during brief mechanical restraint than did the HEW quail. Quail of the control line generally showed intermediate responses. Plasma corticosterone concentrations following mechanical restraint were greater in LEW quail than in CON or HEW ones. Consideration of the intra-individual correlations between behavioural and adrenocortical responses to restraint suggested that the nature of the relationship was labile and that it was sensitive to the background genome. Collectively, the present findings demonstrated that underlying fearfulness was greater in quail that had been genetically selected for low rather than high body Height. The present results thereby support the hypothesis that fearfulness and growth are negatively associated. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, CTR AGR, LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN, DEPT POULTRY SCI, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. ARS, USDA, SE POULTRY RES LAB, UGA, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RP Jones, RB (reprint author), ROSLIN INST, DIV ENVIRONM & WELF, ROSLIN EH25 9PS, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(96)01146-X PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA WX395 UT WOS:A1997WX39500008 ER PT J AU Yang, VW Jeffries, TW AF Yang, VW Jeffries, TW TI Regulation of phosphotransferases in glucose- and xylose-fermenting yeasts SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 05-09, 1996 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Div Biofuels Energy Syst, US DOE, Biol & Chem Technol Res Program, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Syst Inc, A E Staley Mfg Co, Archer Daniels Midland Co, Bio-Tech Resources L P, Chronopol Inc, ConAgra Grain Processing Co, Enzyme Bio-Syst Ltd, DuPont Co, Grain Processing Corp, Raphael Katzen Associates Int Inc, Weyerhaeuser Co, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol DE Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Pachysolen tannophilus; Candida shehatae; 6-phosphofructokinase; hexokinase; D-xylulokinase; regulation; phosphotransferase ID CARBON CATABOLITE REPRESSION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE MUTANTS; LIMITED CONTINUOUS CULTURES; PENTOSE-PHOSPHATE PATHWAY; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; HEXOKINASE-PII; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; GLYCOLYTIC-ENZYMES; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE AB This research examined the titers of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and xylulokinase (XUK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two xylose fermenting yeasts, Pachysolen tannophilus and Candida shehatae, following shifts in carbon source and aeration. Xylose-grown C. shehatae, glucose-grown P. tannophilus, and glucose-grown S. cerevisiae, had the highest specific activities of XUK, HK, and PFK, respectively. XUK was induced by xylose to moderate levels in both P. tannophilus and C. shehatae, but was present only in trace levels in S. cerevisiae. HK activities in P. tannophilus were two to three fold higher when cells were grown on glucose than when grown on xylose, but HK levels were less inducible in C. shehatae. The PFK activities in S. cerevisiae were 1.5 to 2 times higher than in the two xylose-fermenting yeasts. Transfer from glucose to xylose rapidly inactivated Wt in P. tannophilus, and transfer from xylose to glucose inactivated XUK in C. shehatae. The patterns of induction and inactivation indicate that the basic regulatory mechanisms differ in the two xylose fermenting yeasts. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 63-5 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1007/BF02920416 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XB483 UT WOS:A1997XB48300011 PM 9170243 ER PT J AU Sreenath, HK Jeffries, TW AF Sreenath, HK Jeffries, TW TI Diminished respirative growth and enhanced assimilative sugar uptake result in higher specific fermentation rates by the mutant Pichia stipitis FPL-061 SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 05-09, 1996 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US DOE, Div Biofuels Energy Syst, US DOE, Biol & Chem Technol Res Program, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Syst Inc, A E Staley Mfg Co, Archer Daniels Midland Co, Bio-Tech Resources L P, Chronopol Inc, ConAgra Grain Processing Co, Enzyme Bio-Syst Ltd, DuPont Co, Grain Processing Corp, Raphael Katzen Associates Int Inc, Weyerhaeuser Co, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol DE Pichia stipitis; respiration; ethanol production; specific productivity; mutation; salicyl hydroxamate; antimycin A ID PENTOSE-PHOSPHATE PATHWAY; CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; D-XYLOSE; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; GLUCOSE; ENZYMES; YEASTS AB A mutant strain of Pichia stipitis, FPL-061, was obtained by selecting for growth on L-xylose in the presence of respiratory inhibitors. The specific fermentation rate of FPL-061, was higher than that of the parent, Pichia stipitis CBS 6054, because of its lower cell yield and growth rate and higher specific substrate uptake rate. With a mixture of glucose and xylose, the mutant strain FPL-061 produced 29.4 g ethanol/L with a yield of 0.42 g ethanol/g sugar consumed. By comparison, CBS 6054 produced 25.7 g ethanol/L with a yield of 0.35 g/g. The fermentation was most efficient at an aeration rate of 9.2 mmoles O-2 L-1 h(-1). At high aeration rates (22 mmoles O-2 L-1 h(-1)), the mutant cell yield was less than that of the parent. At low aeration rates, (1.1 to 2.5 O-2 L-1 h(-1)), cell yields were similar, the ethanol formation rates were low, and xylitol accumulation was observed in both the strains. Both strains respired the ethanol once sugar was exhausted. We infer from the results that the mutant, P. stipitis FPL-061, diverts a larger fraction of its metabolic energy from cell growth into ethanol production. C1 INST MICROBIAL BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 63-5 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1007/BF02920417 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XB483 UT WOS:A1997XB48300012 PM 18576074 ER PT J AU Klich, MA Montalbano, B Ehrlich, K AF Klich, MA Montalbano, B Ehrlich, K TI Northern analysis of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus sojae SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; CLONING; PROTEIN; FLAVUS AB RNAs from three Aspergillus parasiticus and three Aspergillus sojae isolates were probed with seven genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Previously published work and preliminary work in this study demonstrated that these aflatoxin biosynthesis genes were present in the DNA of the isolates. RNA from aflatoxin-producing and O-methylsterigmatocystin-producing A. parasiticus strains SRRC 143 and SRRC 2043 hybridized to all of the gene probes tested. However, RNA from a strain of A. palasiticus that had lost its ability to produce aflatoxin in culture (SRRC 77) and RNA from one of the A. sojae isolates did not hybridize to any of the gene probes. Two of the A. sojae isolates hybridized to the regulatory gene aflR and the structual gene uvm8, which is believed to code for a fatty acid synthase involved in an early step in aflatoxin biosynthesis, but not to any of the other five genes of the aflatoxin pathway tested. These results suggest that most of the genes involved in aflatoxin production are transcriptionally blocked in A. parasiticus SRRC 77 and all of the A. sojae isolates. The cause of this blockage is unknown. RP Klich, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 246 EP 249 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WR877 UT WOS:A1997WR87700009 ER PT J AU Martin, A Foxall, T Blumberg, JB Meydani, M AF Martin, A Foxall, T Blumberg, JB Meydani, M TI Vitamin E inhibits low-density lipoprotein-induced adhesion of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in vitro SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; monocytes; lipoprotein; ICAM-1; prostaglandin I-2; interleukin-1 ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE ADHERENCE; PROSTACYCLIN PRODUCTION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBITS; TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION; DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HEART-DISEASE; E CONSUMPTION; INVITRO AB Monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells (ECs) is one of the early events in the development of atherogenesis. ECs were used to investigate the role of vitamin E in human monocyte adhesion to ECs in vitro. ECs incubated with 40 to 193 mg/dL of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) for 22 hours exhibited increasing dose-dependent adherence for untreated, isolated human monocytes (P<.05). ECs exposed to the highest dose of LDL (193 mg/dL) but pretreated with 19 mu mol/L alpha-tocopherol for 24 hours showed a trend to lower adherence for monocytes compared with nontreated ECs (4.4+/-1.2% versus 7.6+/-1.9%; P=.09). This effect of vitamin E became more significant (P<.05) when ECs were exposed to a lower level of LDL (40 mg/dL) or were pretreated with a higher level of alpha-tocopherol (42 mu mol/L) and then exposed to 80 mg/dL LDL. Presupplementation of ECs with 15, 19, and 37 mu mol/L alpha-tocopherol significantly (P<.05) reduced monocyte adhesion by 6+/-1%, 37+/-6%, and 69+/-17%, respectively. Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), one of the adhesion molecules for monocytes, increased after incubation of ECs with LDL 80 mg/dL (4.7+/-0.7 versus 6.4+/-1.2 ng/mL, respectively; P<.05). Treatment of ECs with alpha-tocopherol (42 mu mol/L) significantly reduced induction of sICAM-1 by LDL to 2.2+/-2.3 ng/mL. After exposure to LDL, prostaglandin I-2 production by ECs was diminished, whereas presupplementation of ECs with alpha-tocopherol partially reversed the LDL effect. Production of interleukin-1 beta was not detectable when ECs were treated with alpha-tocopherol, LDL, or alpha-tocopherol followed by LDL. Our findings indicate that vitamin E has an inhibitory effect on LDL-induced production of adhesion molecules and adhesion of monocytes to ECs via its antioxidant function and/or its direct regulatory effect on sICAM-1 expression. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, DEPT ANIM & NUTR SCI, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. NR 63 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3 BP 429 EP 436 PG 8 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA WP356 UT WOS:A1997WP35600003 PM 9102160 ER PT J AU Christensen, B Frosst, P LussierCacan, S Selhub, J Goyette, P Rosenblatt, DS Genest, J Rozen, R AF Christensen, B Frosst, P LussierCacan, S Selhub, J Goyette, P Rosenblatt, DS Genest, J Rozen, R TI Correlation of a common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene with plasma homocysteine in patients with premature coronary artery disease SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; folic acid; genes; mutation ID VASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; MILD HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; PYRIDOXAL-PHOSPHATE; HOMOCYST(E)INE; DEFICIENCY; FOLATE AB Mild hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for occlusive arterial disease, can be caused by disruptions of homocysteine metabolism. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the synthesis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the methyl donor for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. A common mutation in MTHFR, an alanine-to-valine substitution, map contribute to mild hyperhomocysteinemia in coronary artery disease (CAD). To test this hypothesis, we studied 152 patients with CAD by mutation analysis, MTHFR enzymatic assays, and measurements of plasma homocysteine and several vitamins. The MTHFR mutation was associated with reduced enzymatic activity and increased enzyme thermolability in these patients. The difference in the prevalence of the homozygous mutant genotype between the CAD patients (14%) and an unmatched group of healthy subjects (10%) was not significant. However, individuals with the homozygous mutant genotype had higher plasma homocysteine, particularly when plasma folate was below the median value. This genetic environmental interaction is proposed to be a risk factor for CAD. C1 MCGILL UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T5,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T5,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,DEPT HUMAN GENET,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T5,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,DEPT MED,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T5,CANADA. INST RECH CLIN MONTREAL,MONTREAL,PQ H2W 1R7,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. HOP HOTEL DIEU,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. NR 25 TC 176 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3 BP 569 EP 573 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA WP356 UT WOS:A1997WP35600021 PM 9102178 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Freeman, LM Smith, DE Abad, LW Dinarello, CA Kehayias, JJ AF Roubenoff, R Freeman, LM Smith, DE Abad, LW Dinarello, CA Kehayias, JJ TI Adjuvant arthritis as a model of inflammatory cachexia SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article AB Objective. To determine whether adjuvant arthritis (AA) leads to changes in body composition and cytokine production similar to those seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods. AA was induced in Lewis rats using Freund's complete adjuvant, Body cell mass was measured by determining the concentration of total exchangeable potassium using K-42 gavage, Splenocyte production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) was measured by bioassay, Weight and food intake were also measured. Results. Animals that developed AA lost 6% of their body weight by the onset of clinically evident arthritis (day 14; P < 0.01) and lost 20% by the end of the inflammatory phase of AA (day 28; P < 0.0001), Body cell mass fell 24.7 +/- 8.6% (mean +/- SEM) in animals with AA, but did not change significantly in controls (increase of 6.3 +/- 7.9%) (P < 0.03), Pair-fed animals lost one-fourth of the weight lost by the animals with AA (P < 0.01), indicating that anorexia alone does not explain inflammatory cachexia, Weight loss was correlated with TNF alpha production by spleen mononuclear cells (r = 0.68, P < 0.007), and a weaker correlation was seen with IL-1 production (r = 0.15, P < 0.04). Conclusion. AA in rats is a useful model of inflammatory cachexia that mimics the human pathophysiology in important ways, and is consistent with cytokine-driven cachexia in chronic inflammatory arthritis. C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-15614]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-02120] NR 14 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 534 EP 539 DI 10.1002/art.1780400320 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA WN158 UT WOS:A1997WN15800019 PM 9082942 ER PT J AU Stanton, T Zuerner, R Jensen, N AF Stanton, T Zuerner, R Jensen, N TI Virtual conference on animal diseases SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS,VIRTUAL CONF ORGANIZING COMM,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD MAR PY 1997 VL 63 IS 3 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WL734 UT WOS:A1997WL73400008 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Bytnerowicz, A AF Fenn, ME Bytnerowicz, A TI Summer throughfall and winter deposition in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; nutrient cycling; ion concentrations; air pollution; tree species; forest canopy ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; CANOPY INTERACTIONS; CONIFER FORESTS; AIR-POLLUTION; SIERRA-NEVADA; CHEMISTRY; SPRUCE; PINE AB Summer throughfall and year-round precipitation chemistry were studied for three years at Barton Flats (BF), a low to moderate pollution site in the San Bernardino Mountains (SBM) in southern California. Winter fog plus dry deposition, and bulk deposition were also measured during one season at three sites traversing an atmospheric deposition gradient in the SBM. Throughfall N (NO3-+NH4+) inputs during the growing season in 1993 were 4.0 kg ha(-1) compared to 0.4 kg ha(-1) for S. Deposition of N and S in summer 1994 was 50% of that in 1993, and precipitation in summer 1994 was 31% as high as in 1993. Summer throughfall concentrations were highest in 1994, the summer with the lowest precipitation. Ionic concentrations in rain and throughfall at BF during the summer, particularly NO3-, were generally as high or higher than values reported for forests in Europe and eastern North America with much higher atmospheric deposition inputs. The high throughfall concentrations at BF were apparently due to the washoff of accumulated dry pollutants from mature trees with large surface areas during infrequent low-volume rain events. White fir, the species with the greatest foliar surface area, had the highest throughfall concentrations and the lowest throughfall volumes. Canopy effects of ponderosa and Jeffrey pine on precipitation chemistry and volume were intermediate, while California black oak throughfall was less modified chemically than the throughfall of the conifer species. Ionic deposition (mg m(-2) land area) was highest under fir and pine, intermediate under oak, and lowest in rainfall. During the winter, peaks in wet deposition inputs at BF were associated with high monthly rain volumes (11-44 cm), while similar wet deposition peaks in August occurred with only a few light rains (1.4-3.4 cm). Winter (13 December 1993 to 11 April 1994) bulk deposition of N and S at Camp Paivika, a western high-deposition site, was 7.7 and 1.7 kg ha(-1), respectively, compared to 0.9 and 0.3 kg ha(-1) of N and S at BF. Winter deposition of NO3-, NH4+ and SO42- to passive nylon line collectors (fog plus dry deposition) was 15-, 18- and 6-times greater at Camp Paivika than at BF. Winter deposition in both wet and dry forms in the SBM was greater than previously estimated from precipitation data for other forest sites in southern California. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), FOREST FIRE LAB,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 49 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 31 IS 5 BP 673 EP 683 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00238-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VZ001 UT WOS:A1997VZ00100002 ER PT J AU Reichard, DL Cooper, JA Bechtel, SE Fox, RD AF Reichard, DL Cooper, JA Bechtel, SE Fox, RD TI A system for determining dynamic surface tension using the oscillating jet technique SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID SPRAY SOLUTIONS; LEAF RETENTION; ADHESION; BUBBLE AB A motion analysis system based oil slow-speed video imaging was used to develop a procedure for measuring the dynamic surface tension of liquids at short surface ages using the oscillating jet method. Bohr's equation and Bechtel's inverse method were used to calculate surface tension from measurements of the jet waveforms. Values of surface tension determined by both methods were in good agreement with hardbook values. Surface tensions calculated from waveforms near the jet orifice were found to be similar to values calculated for waveforms further from the orifice. Most agricultural sprays are mixtures of materials, not true solutions, and as such their surface tensions change with surface age. A method of measuring surface tensions at short surface times is essential for predictive models of the effect of adjuvants on the properties of agricultural sprays, especially droplet atomization and droplet rebound from plant surfaces; both of these processes are completed in less than 3 ms. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, USDA ARS, WOOSTER, OH 44691 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT ENTOMOL, WOOSTER, OH 44691 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT AEROSP ENGN APPL MECH & AVIAT, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1044-5110 EI 1936-2684 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 219 EP 233 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA WY349 UT WOS:A1997WY34900006 ER PT J AU Daigle, DJ Cotty, PJ AF Daigle, DJ Cotty, PJ TI The effect of sterilization, pH, filler and spore inoculum concentration on the preparation of alginate pellets SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alginate; sterilization; diffusion; fermentation; pH ID SODIUM ALGINATE; BEADS; IMMOBILIZATION; ENCAPSULATION; PROLIFERATION; FLAVUS; FUNGI; SOIL AB Alginate encapsulation of an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus was studied in order to optimize encapsulation of fungal inocula with alginic acid. Sterilization by autoclaving is known to depolymerize sodium alginate. Buffered solutions (pH = 7-8) reduced this effect. Autoclaving the alginate solution with a filler/nutrient further inhibited the depolymerization reaction. Autoclaving under optimal conditions allowed a less expensive alginate (medium viscosity) to be used at a lower concentration (1%) to produce a stable product. The lowest cost pellets resulted from use of 1% medium viscosity sodium alginate with 10% cotton-seed meal. Further savings may be achieved by performing fermentations directly in alginate-nutrient mixtures and thus eliminating the mixing and blending steps. In such formulations, the nutrient composition and length of fermentation must be adjusted to prevent alginate hydrolysis. The ultimate composition of alginate pellets is influenced by the diffusion of nutrients during gelation. Up to 65% of water-soluble nutrients were lost from alginate pellets during gelation. Once pellets are introduced into the environment, organisms other than the formulated agent compete for pelleted nutrients. A minimum concentration of the biocontrol agent must be present to ensure the agent excludes competitors and successfully converts the nutrients to biomass. For A. flavus, 5000 spores g(-1) were required. RP Daigle, DJ (reprint author), ARS, SO REG RES CTR, USDA, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WX070 UT WOS:A1997WX07000001 ER PT J AU Harris, AR Lumsden, RD AF Harris, AR Lumsden, RD TI Interactions of Gliocladium virens with Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum in non-sterile potting medium SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Gliocladium virens; Rhizoctonia solani; Pythium ultimum; gliotoxin; cytoplasmic leakage; hyper-parasitism; mycoparasitism ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DAMPING-OFF; ANTIBIOTIC GLIOTOXIN; SOILLESS MIX; SENSITIVITY; METABOLITES; SEEDLINGS; COTTON AB Interactions of Gliocladium virens with Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani under simulated in vivo conditions were observed microscopically. Different types of propagules of the three fungi were paired on nitrocellulose membranes and incubated as 25 degrees C in non-sterile potting medium in Petri dishes for 1-5 days. Alginate-wheat bran prill were used as carriers for G. virens. Frill inoculated with G. virens and pre-incubated in potting medium for 3-5 days before placement on membranes did not inhibit the germination of Pythium sporangia, but subsequent Pythium growth was markedly stunted and distorted, with some hyphal collapse and cytoplasmic leakage. G. virens had no visible effect on older Pythium mycelium. Two to 5 days' growth of G. virens caused cytoplasmic leakage of Rhizoctonia mycelium, prevented secondary branching of hyphae and occasionally coiled around Rhizoctonia hyphae. Frill that were newly colonized by G. virens, but not prill pre-incubated for 3 or 5 days, stimulated the growth of Pythium mycelium and sporangia, Rhizoctonia mycelium and unprimed monilioid cells, probably by supplying nutrients. The timing of the interactions and their specificity for the different pathogen propagules were consistent with the production of gliotoxin by G. virens. This view was supported by in vitro experiments, in which pathogen propagules were incubated in a range of concentrations of gliotoxin in potato dextrose broth. Pythium sporangia and mycelium were inhibited by 1 or 2 mu g ml(-1), but Rhizoctonia monilioid cells and mycelium required 3-5 mu g ml(-1) for inhibition. At the lowest effective concentrations the inhibition was sometimes reversible, but propagules were killed at high concentrations of gliotoxin. C1 COOPERAT RES CTR SOIL & LAND MANAGEMENT,GLEN OSMOND,SA 5064,AUSTRALIA. ARS,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,INST PLANT SCI,USDA,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Harris, AR (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV SOILS,PRIVATE BAG 2,GLEN OSMOND,SA 5064,AUSTRALIA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WX070 UT WOS:A1997WX07000004 ER PT J AU Lewis, JA Larkin, RP AF Lewis, JA Larkin, RP TI Extruded granular formulation with biomass of biocontrol Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma spp to reduce damping-off of eggplant caused by Rhizoctonia solani and saprophytic growth of the pathogen in soil-less mix SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol fungus proliferation; biological control; eggplant damping-off; Gliocladium virens; granular biocontrol formulations; Rhizoctonia solani; saprophytism; soil-borne plant pathogens; Trichoderma spp. ID ALGINATE PELLET FORMULATION; SESBANIA SESBANIA-EXALTATA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; FIELD; HARZIANUM; FUNGI; DISEASES; FLAVUS; SEED AB Extruded granular formulations containing rice flour gluten, Pyrax, vermiculite, canola oil, and fermentor-produced biomass of isolates of Gliocladium virens (Gl-3, Gl-21 and Gl-32), Trichoderma hamatum (TRI-4 and 31-3), T. harzianum (Th-32 and Th-87) and T. viride (Tv-101) were evaluated for their effect on the reduction of eggplant damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani, reduction of pathogen inoculum and proliferation of the isolates in a soil-less mix. Granules with all isolates except 31-3 significantly (P < 0.01) reduced damping-off and granules with Gl-3, Gl-21, Gl-32, TRI-4 and Th-87 yielded stands comparable to that (90%) of the non-infested control. Granules with isolates Gl-21 and TRI-4 were the most effective in the reduction of saprophytic growth of R. solani, and there was a significant inverse correlation (r(2) = -0.82) between eggplant stand and saprophytic growth of the pathogen over all treatments. Isolate propagules proliferated to about 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU) g(-1) of soil-less mix after a 6-week incubation, but there was no correlation between the number of CFU and eggplant stand or saprophytic growth reduction of the pathogen. Granules with Gl-21 and TRI-4 amended to pathogen-infested soil-less mix at a rate as low as 0.06% significantly (P < 0.05) reduced damping-off and pathogen saprophytic growth, and a rate of 0.25% of Gl-21 granules resulted in an eggplant stand comparable to that of the non-infested control. There was no significant correlation between the rate of granule amendment and the proliferation of Gl-21 and TRI-4. Granules of Gl-21 and TRI-4 also significantly prevented the spread of R. solani in flats of eggplant seedlings when the biocontrol granules were applied to the soil-less mix I day before the pathogen inoculum. RP Lewis, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WX070 UT WOS:A1997WX07000005 ER PT J AU Stuart, MK Greenstone, MH AF Stuart, MK Greenstone, MH TI Immunological detection of hymenopteran parasitism in Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Microplitis croceipes; Cotesia marginiventris; Helicoverpa tea; Heliothis virescens; cotton bollworm; tobacco budworm; endoparasitism; monoclonal antibody; immunoassay ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; ANTIBODIES; BRACONIDAE; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; AUTOANTIBODIES; ELISA; ASSAY AB We have developed a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the larval and adult stages of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), two principal endoparasitoids of the polyphagous pests Helicoverpa tea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The antibody has been incorporated into an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that can be used to distinguish parasitized from unparasitized pests. The antibody cross-reacts with several different hymenopteran parasitoids, but not with any of the noctuid pests we have assayed. An immunoassay based on a broadly reactive antibody such as this one enables comprehensive detection of hymenopteran parasitism with a single antibody reagent. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USDA, ARS, PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, STILLWATER, OK 74075 USA. RP Stuart, MK (reprint author), KIRKSVILLE COLL OSTEOPATH MED, DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL, KIRKSVILLE, MO 63501 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0514 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WX882 UT WOS:A1997WX88200006 ER PT J AU Krafsur, ES Kring, TJ Miller, JC Nariboli, P Obrycki, JJ Ruberson, JR Schaefer, PW AF Krafsur, ES Kring, TJ Miller, JC Nariboli, P Obrycki, JJ Ruberson, JR Schaefer, PW TI Gene flow in the exotic colonizing ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis in North America SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Harmonia axyridis; isozyme variation; breeding structure; gene flow; colonizing species ID UNITED-STATES; COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA; FORTRAN PROGRAM; COLEOPTERA; POPULATIONS; HETEROZYGOSITY; PREDATOR; DISTANCE; PALLAS AB Gene how was studied in Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), an exotic, arboreal lady-beetle predator that recently spread rapidly throughout North America. A survey of isozyme polymorphisms showed 30 of 52 resolved putative loci were polymorphic (58%), and the mean heterozygosity was 16.75 +/- 2.98% among all loci and 26.31 +/- 4.37% at only the polymorphic loci. The mean number of alleles at the 52 loci was 2.01 +/- 1.97, Gene frequencies were estimated in populations from Georgia, Virginia, Delaware, Rhode Island, Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, and Oregon and differed significantly (P < 0.02) at 11 of 16 loci. Three of 16 loci (Fbp, Est-1, Tre) were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all populations and are not included in the F statistics. Random mating was indicated within populations (F-IS = -0.005 +/- 0.014) but not among populations (F-ST = 0.025 +/- 0.005). According to Wright's island model, F-ST estimates the average number of reproducing immigrants to be equivalent to ca. 10 beetles per population per generation. Thus there was a measure of genetic differentiation caused by drift, but this differentiation was small with respect to the large geographical distances among the sampled populations, The genetic data suggest that the founding North American population(s) was substantial. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ENTOMOL,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,BENEFICIAL INSECT INTRO RES LAB,NEWARK,DE 19713. RP Krafsur, ES (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 NR 34 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0508 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WX882 UT WOS:A1997WX88200008 ER PT J AU He, ZL Baligar, VC Martens, DC Ritchey, KD AF He, ZL Baligar, VC Martens, DC Ritchey, KD TI Effect of phosphate rock, lime and cellulose on soil microbial biomass in acidic forest soil and its significance in carbon cycling SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE acidic forest soil; phosphorus; coal combustion by-product; carbon cycling; cellulose; microbial biomass; liming ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; PHOSPHORUS; ADDITIONS; NITROGEN AB Phosphate rock (PR), limestone, coal combustion by-product (CCBP) high in Ca and high organic manures are potential amendments for increasing agricultural production in the acidic soils of the Appalachian region. The objective of this study was to examine effects of PR, CCBP and cellulose addition on soil microbial biomass in an acidic soil based on the measurement of soil microbial biomass P (P-mic) and on the mineralization of organic matter. Application of PR alone or in combination with CCBP increased P-mic. The P-mic was far less when the soil received PR in combination with limestone than with PR application alone or PR in combination with CCBP. Either CCBP or limestone application alone considerably decreased P-mic in the soil due to reduced P solubility. Cellulose addition alone did not increase P-mic, but P-mic was significantly increased when the soil was amended with cellulose in combination with PR. The decomposition of added cellulose was very slow in the soil without PR amendment. However, mineralization of both native organic matter and added cellulose was enhanced by PR application. Mineralization of organic matter was less when the soil was amended with PR in combination with high rates of CCBP (> 2.5%) because PR dissolution varied inversely with amount of CCBP addition. Overall, CCBP had no detrimental effect on soil microbial biomass at low application rates, although, like limestone, CCBP at a high rate may decrease P-mic in P-deficient soils through its influence on increased soil pH and decreased P bioavailability in the soil. Application of PR to an acidic soil considerably enhanced the microbial activity, thereby promoting the cycling of carbon and other nutrients. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. ZHEJIANG AGR UNIV,DEPT LAND USE & APPL CHEM,HANGZHOU,PEOPLES R CHINA. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL ENVIRONM SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RI He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD MAR PY 1997 VL 24 IS 3 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s003740050252 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WT827 UT WOS:A1997WT82700015 ER PT J AU Skory, CD Freer, SN Bothast, RJ AF Skory, CD Freer, SN Bothast, RJ TI Screening for ethanol-producing filamentous fungi SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Of nineteen Aspergilli and ten Rhizopus strains examined for their ability to ferment simple sugars (glucose, xylose, and arabinose) as well as complex substrates (cellulose, oat-spelt xylan, corn fiber, and corn germ pressing), three Rhizopus strains were identified that could produce more than 31 g ethanol/l under anaerobic stress. By 72 h, glucose, xylose, cellobiose, and corn fiber were fermented with perspective yields of 100, 47, 80, and 40 percent, of theoretical. RP Skory, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 6 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 19 IS 3 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1023/A:1018337003433 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WQ737 UT WOS:A1997WQ73700001 ER PT J AU Medina, MB VanHouten, L Cooke, PH Tu, SI AF Medina, MB VanHouten, L Cooke, PH Tu, SI TI Real-time analysis of antibody binding interactions with immobilized E-coli O157:H7 cells using the BIAcore SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; KINETICS AB The kinetic properties of antibody-antigen reaction and other interacting macromolecules can be analyzed in realtime using the surface plasmon resonance biosensor (BIAcore). The interactions of an antibody against Escherischia coli O157:H7 were studied using immobilized whole cells. The bacterial sensor surface was evaluated with anti-E. coli in a continuous flow system. Regeneration of the sensor surface with guanidine-HCl was more effective than with phosphoric acid and resulted in better binding reproducibility. The determined kinetic values, association and dissociation rate constants, can be used in the development of rapid immune-techniques. This study also provides the basis to evaluate real-time interactions of macromolecules with immobilized cells. RP Medina, MB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, WYNDMOOR, PA 19038 USA. NR 11 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1023/A:1018453530459 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WT630 UT WOS:A1997WT63000008 ER PT J AU Lawrence, RK Mattson, WJ Haack, RA AF Lawrence, RK Mattson, WJ Haack, RA TI White spruce and the spruce budworm: Defining the phenological window of susceptibility SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Review ID CHORISTONEURA-OCCIDENTALIS LEPIDOPTERA; PANOLIS-FLAMMEA LARVAE; FOLIAR NITROGEN LEVELS; PINE BEAUTY MOTH; DOUGLAS-FIR; NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ZEIRAPHERA-CANADENSIS; DIAPAUSE TERMINATION; 6TH-INSTAR LARVAE AB Synchrony of insect and host tree phenologies has often been suggested as an important factor influencing the susceptibility of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and other hosts to the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We evaluated this hypothesis by caging several cohorts of spruce budworm larvae on three white spruce populations at different phenological stages of the host trees, and then comparing budworm performance with host phenology and variation of 13 foliar traits. The beginning of the phenological window of susceptibility in white spruce occurs several weeks prior to budbreak, and the end of the window is sharply defined by the end of shoot growth. Performance was high for the earliest budworm cohorts that we tested. These larvae began feeding 3-4 weeks prior to budbreak and completed their larval development prior to the end of shoot elongation. Optimal synchrony occurred when emergence preceded budbreak by about 2 weeks. Larval survival was greater than 60% for individuals starting development 1-3 weeks prior to budbreak, but decreased to less than 10% for those starting development 2 or more weeks after budbreak and thus completing development after shoot elongation ceased. High performance by the budworm was most strongly correlated with high levels of foliar nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, copper, sugars, and water and low levels of foliar calcium, phenolics, and toughness. These results suggest that advancing the usual phenological window of white spruce (i.e. advancing budbreak prior to larval emergence) or retarding budworm phenology can have a large negative effect on the spruce budworm's population dynamics. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 121 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 16 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 129 IS 2 BP 291 EP 318 PG 28 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ304 UT WOS:A1997WZ30400007 ER PT J AU Frey, JE Ellis, JR AF Frey, JE Ellis, JR TI Relationship of soil properties and soil amendments to response of Glomus intraradices and soybeans SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE mycorrhiza; soil properties; soybean growth; mycorrhizal hyphae; benchmark soils ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; GROWTH-RESPONSES; PHOSPHORUS; LIME; PLANTS; ROOTS; FERTILIZATION; AGGREGATION; INFECTION; PHOSPHATE AB Knowledge of the role of soil properties on mycorrhizal relationships with host plants may contribute to the ecological understanding of the fungus and its effectiveness in indigenous or introduced soil conditions. This study examined the response of Glomus intraradices, an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, and soybean host in five benchmark soils. Glomus intraradices increased, with a few exceptions, shoot dry weight, root length, shoot phosphorus, and shoot zinc in all soils. Soil amendments (nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH adjustments) affected mycorrhizal hyphal length per plant and hyphal to root length ratio, as well as shoot Zn. Interactions among soil properties, soybean plant, and this mycorrhizal isolate suggested that soil properties, such as pH, pore diameter, and silt and organic matter, may have difficulties predicting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal response. However, before soil amendment, regression models were accurate in predicting shoot dry weight, mycorrhizal colonization, and hyphal development of this mycorrhizal isolate on plants. When soil amendments were added to the soil property regression model, the predictive ability of the model was greatly reduced or nonexistent. The observations in this study indicate the effects of soil properties on root colonization and external hyphal production are important in examining AM fungal - plant interaction. An understanding of soil properties will be essential to understand mycorrhizal fungal ecology and to effectively use mycorrhiza in biological systems. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Frey, JE (reprint author), MANKATO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MSU BOX 34,POB 8400,MANKATO,MN 56002, USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 483 EP 491 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XD785 UT WOS:A1997XD78500013 ER PT J AU Simard, SW Molina, R Smith, JE Perry, DA Jones, MD AF Simard, SW Molina, R Smith, JE Perry, DA Jones, MD TI Shared compatibility of ectomycorrhizae on Pseudotsuga menziesii and Betula papyrifera seedlings grown in mixture in soils from southern British Columbia SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PHOSPHORUS TRANSFER; HOST-SPECIFICITY; WATER TRANSPORT; LOLIUM-PERENNE; PLANTS; BIRCH; CARBON; SUCCESSION AB Seedlings of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France and Betula papyrifera Marsh. were grown in the greenhouse in monoculture and dual culture in soils collected from a young mixed species plantation in the southern interior of British Columbia. The objectives of the study were (i) to evaluate the ability of P. menziesii and B. papyrifera to share compatible ectomycorrhizal fungi in order to assess their potential for hyphal linkages and (ii) to study the influence of neighboring seedlings on ectomycorrhizae occurrence. Eleven ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were recognized, seven of which P. menziesii and B. papyrifera seedlings shared in common over 90% of their root tips. The abundance and frequency of Rhizopogon, E-strain I, and Tuber on P. menziesii, and the frequency of Lactarius, Hebeloma, and Cenococcum on B. papyrifera, were affected by the presence of a neighboring seedling. The number of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes shared in common and colonization of root tips by common types were slightly greater when P. menziesii and B. papyrifera were grown in dual culture rather than in monoculture. C1 US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI, FORESTRY SCI LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. OKANAGAN UNIV COLL, DEPT BIOL, KELOWNA, BC V1V 1V7, CANADA. RP BRITISH COLUMBIA MINIST FORESTS, KAMLOOPS FOREST REG, 515 COLUMBIA ST, KAMLOOPS, BC V2C 2T7, CANADA. RI Jones, melanie/A-5011-2012 NR 69 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1139/x96-186 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD793 UT WOS:A1997XD79300007 ER PT J AU Bartholomay, GA Eckert, RT Smith, KT AF Bartholomay, GA Eckert, RT Smith, KT TI Reductions in tree-ring widths of white pine following ozone exposure at Acadia National Park, Maine, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; CARBON ALLOCATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FORESTS; CLIMATE; STRESS AB Polluted air masses from the industrialized northeastern corridor of the United States flow through Acadia National Park, Maine, U.S.A. The polluted air masses create elevated ozone episodes throughout the growing season, causing visible foliar damage to some native plant species. This study used dendroclimatic techniques to investigate the possibility that elevated ozone levels adversely affected white pine (Pinus strobus L.) radial growth rates. Tree-ring cores were extracted from white pine trees in eight separate stands within the park. Tree-ring indices were then regressed with ozone variables to model the effects of elevated ozone levels on tree growth under field conditions. Models from seven of the eight stands documented negative associations between tree-ring indices and ozone levels that were stronger than any associations between tree-ring indices and climate. The modeled growth-ozone associations exhibited stand-level variations, suggesting that site characteristics affect tree responses to ozone pollution. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DURHAM,NH 03824. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP Bartholomay, GA (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,MONT ALTO CAMPUS,CAMPUS DR,MT ALTO,PA 17237, USA. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 361 EP 368 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD793 UT WOS:A1997XD79300010 ER PT J AU Monleon, VJ Cromack, K Landsberg, JD AF Monleon, VJ Cromack, K Landsberg, JD TI Short- and long-term effects of prescribed underburning on nitrogen availability in ponderosa pine stands in central Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOIL MINERAL NITROGEN; RANGE SOILS; FOREST; FIRE; FLUXES; FERTILIZATION; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM; NUTRIENTS; GRADIENT AB The effects of prescribed underburning on soil total C pools, total and inorganic N pools, and in situ net N mineralization were examined during a I-year study in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) sites that had been experimentally burned 4 months, 5 years, or 12 years earlier. At the sites burned 4 months previously, total C concentration and inorganic N concentration increased significantly (p < 0.1) after prescribed burning, compared with unburned controls. However, inorganic N concentration declined during the I-year duration of this study to reach the levels of the control plots at the end of the second growing season. At the site burned 5 years previously, total C and N concentrations, inorganic N concentration, and net N mineralization decreased significantly after prescribed burning. At the sites burned 12 years previously, N and C pools were not affected, but net N mineralization decreased significantly after burning. The decrease in net N mineralization is likely caused by a decrease in substrate quantity 5 years after burning, and by changes in substrate quality 12 years after burning. A long-term decrease in net N mineralization in the N-poor ponderosa pine stands of central Oregon may result in a decrease in long-term site productivity and may explain the observed pattern of long-term decrease in stand growth after prescribed burning. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC NW RES STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, WENATCHEE, WA 98801 USA. NR 52 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1139/x96-184 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD793 UT WOS:A1997XD79300011 ER PT J AU Libby, WJ Bridgwater, F Lantz, C White, T AF Libby, WJ Bridgwater, F Lantz, C White, T TI Genetic diversity in commercial forest tree plantations: Introductory comments to the 1994 SRIEG meeting papers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Regional-Information-Exchange-Group Meeting on Genetic Diversity in Commercial Forest Tree Plantations CY JUL 18-20, 1994 CL CLEMSON, SC SP So Reg Info Exchange Grp AB The SRIEG (Southern Regional Information Exchange Group) 1994 program organizers (George Askew, Tom Blush, and Barbara McCutchan) invited 18 authors to survey attitudes, data, methodology, plans, regulations, and strategies with respect to genetic diversity in forest stands. These presentations, made during a 2-day meeting on 19-20 July at Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, focused particularly on commercial plantations, where a single planted species may serve as the primary keystone species in the ecosystem that develops. We present here (1) a brief guide to these 10 presentations, 6 of which are printed in this issue, plus brief descriptions of two companion meetings, one of which is printed in this issue (H.E. Stelzer and B. Goldfarb. 1997. Implementing clonal forestry in the southeastern United States: SRIEG satellite workshop summary remarks. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 442-446); (2) some topics developed during formal panel and audience discussions, and during informal discussions during breaks, that are not fully addressed in the following papers; and (3) some genetic conservation - diversity issues that seem to need continued or additional attention. (With respect to items 2 and 3 above, while these were part of our charge, we could not participate in all conversations and discussions that occurred informally, nor do we claim to have fully comprehended those we do report. We did present these at the final session of the meeting, thus giving other participants the opportunity to disagree and add things we missed, and some revisions and additions thus occurred. It was many of these informal conversations and discussions that developed additional insights and made the meeting a more effective format for this topic than just publishing independently submitted papers. in spite of our admittedly imperfect reporting, we are pleased to include them, and suggest that some will prove to be valuable.) C1 UNIV FLORIDA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES & CONSERVAT,COOPERAT FOREST GENET RES PROGRAM,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,FOREST PROD LAB,RICHMOND,CA 94804. TE TEKO CTR ADV FOREST BIOTECHNOL,WHAKATANE 3083,NEW ZEALAND. TEXAS A&M UNIV,US FOREST SERV,TEXAS FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. US FOREST SERV,USDA,ATLANTA,GA 30367. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD793 UT WOS:A1997XD79300015 ER PT J AU Friedman, ST Foster, GS AF Friedman, ST Foster, GS TI Forest genetics on federal lands in the United States: Public concerns and policy responses SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Regional-Information-Exchange-Group Meeting on Genetic Diversity in Commercial Forest Tree Plantations CY JUL 18-20, 1994 CL CLEMSON, SC SP So Reg Info Exchange Grp ID BREEDING STRATEGIES; SEED ORCHARDS; GROWTH RHYTHM; POPULATION AB The challenge of managing public lands is to balance the current and future needs of people and the long-term health of ecosystems. In addition, public land management requires being responsive to the public and their elected representatives, and ensuring that public agencies are efficient, effective, and representative of the diversity of the American public. In this paper, the results of an informal survey of key stakeholders, and U.S. Forest Service employees with direct public contact are summarized. There are a host of public concerns about genetic diversity and tree improvement on public land. At the broadest level, species choice and the decision to artificially or naturally regenerate are issues in their own right, and yet are often linked to genetic concerns. If artificial regeneration is an option, there is the general concern about the impacts of changes in the genetics of future trees on components of the ecosystem. These concerns lie in three main areas: (1) reduction of genetic diversity, (2) loss of adaptation, and (3) changes in other ecosystem components from the directed selection of trees. At the current time, citizens range widely in their knowledge and concern about these issues. Developing policy to address public concerns can be approached through a variety of perspectives. Silvicultural techniques, including genetic resource management, are tools toward broader policy objectives for public land management. These objectives are currently the subject of much debate and controversy. Given that the broader policy context is dynamic, some policy options for genetics in public land management include (1) gene conservation only, (2) no frills, (3) appropriate technology with public support, and (4) application of economic criteria. Also discussed is the need for a framework to coordinate local and national policies regarding gene resource management. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. RP Friedman, ST (reprint author), USDA,CSREES,STOP 2210,822 AEROSP BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 401 EP 408 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD793 UT WOS:A1997XD79300016 ER PT J AU Roberds, JH Bishir, JW AF Roberds, JH Bishir, JW TI Risk analyses in clonal forestry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Regional-Information-Exchange-Group Meeting on Genetic Diversity in Commercial Forest Tree Plantations CY JUL 18-20, 1994 CL CLEMSON, SC SP So Reg Info Exchange Grp ID POPULATIONS; MIXTURES; NUMBER; TREES AB The number of clones to use in plantations is an important problem that must be addressed by practitioners of clonal forestry because of productivity and forest health considerations. This problem has been analyzed from a number of perspectives, but analyses based upon risk of plantation failure have provided special insight about effects produced by an increase in numbers of clones. Ln this paper, we describe alternative models and methods that have been proposed to investigate the effect of number of clones on risk of plantation failure following an unforeseen catastrophic event. Properties of these models are reviewed and conclusions resulting from the analysis of each model are given. Results from these analyses and recently developed theory indicate that use of 30 to 40 unrelated clones in plantations provides protection against catastrophic failure roughly equivalent to the use of large numbers of unrelated clones. A detailed description of the recently introduced time-to-failure model is also presented, and several examples that illustrate properties of this model are discussed. Finally, some implications regarding the development of breeding populations are identified and explored. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD793 UT WOS:A1997XD79300019 ER PT J AU Namkoong, G AF Namkoong, G TI A gene conservation plan for loblolly pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Regional-Information-Exchange-Group Meeting on Genetic Diversity in Commercial Forest Tree Plantations CY JUL 18-20, 1994 CL CLEMSON, SC SP So Reg Info Exchange Grp AB One of the objectives of gene conservation is to ensure that functionally useful alleles will be available in the future and can be captured in breeding programs within useful genotypic sets. This requires that allelic variation be conserved in adaptationally significant traits such as those that have already been observed to exist in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). By developing multiple populations for an array of possible economic and ecological demands, variation can be managed both within and between populations and a broader range of future conditions can be accommodated in a breeding program than what is possible in any single population. Selection for diverse behaviours can increase the probability that unique alleles will be saved in at least one population, and selecting around a dozen populations of size 40 each would maintain high levels of variation within and between populations. In the case of loblolly pine, the industrial breeding programs can form a reasonably diverse core set of populations as a conservation program on which some additional populations may be added to ensure a broad initial genetic sampling. Such a core can also serve as an evolutionary program of adaptive management in which industries can take a rightful lead in conservation. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,FAC FORESTRY,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z4,CANADA. RP Namkoong, G (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 433 EP 437 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD793 UT WOS:A1997XD79300020 ER PT J AU Stelzer, HE AF Stelzer, HE TI Evaluating genetic diversity concerns in clonal deployments SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Regional-Information-Exchange-Group Meeting on Genetic Diversity in Commercial Forest Tree Plantations CY JUL 18-20, 1994 CL CLEMSON, SC SP So Reg Info Exchange Grp ID SLASH PINE; IMPROVEMENT AB As vegetative propagation systems an developed for the commercial forest tree species of the southeastern United States, clonal forestry in this region will come under closer public scrutiny. Forest geneticists need to proactively develop a series of plantations with contrasting levels of genetic diversity whose objective is to demonstrate that selected traits can be improved without sacrificing the species' adaptability. These tests should be designed and monitored cooperatively with key stakeholders from both sides of the clonal forestry debate. The genetic diversity levels in the model study for slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) range from monoclonal blocks, through full- and half-sib families, to the diversity of genotypes found in naturally regenerated stands. The information on forest health and productivity that develops in such sets of plantations, with very different levels and patterns of genetic diversity, should have significant value for advancing forest policy at the local and regional levels. RP Stelzer, HE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, SO RES STN, NORMAL, AL 35762 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 438 EP 441 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD793 UT WOS:A1997XD79300021 ER PT J AU Stelzer, HE Goldfarb, B AF Stelzer, HE Goldfarb, B TI Implementing clonal forestry in the southeastern United States: SRIEG satellite workshop summary remarks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Regional-Information-Exchange-Group Meeting on Genetic Diversity in Commercial Forest Tree Plantations CY JUL 18-20, 1994 CL CLEMSON, SC SP So Reg Info Exchange Grp ID RADIATA PINE; CUTTINGS; PROPAGATION AB Fifty people from the forest genetics community participated in a 2-day workshop to identify and discuss issues concerning the implementation of clonal forestry in the southeastern United States. Consensus was that the most pressing issues fell into the general categories of biological and technological limitations, economics, and ecological and societal concerns. The key aspect of the biological barrier focused on the limitations imposed by the maturation of toes. Economic issues centered on the need for reliable estimates of costs and returns. Ecological and societal issues focused on the difficulty of quantifying ecological risk and the possibility that clonal forestry could be regulated based on perceived rather than actual risks. Discussions brought about the need for propagation scientists and forest geneticists to participate with other interested groups to determine the ecological and economic consequences of various deployment strategies. The information and confidence gained in these efforts should permit forest managers to move toward safe and effective implementation of clonal forestry. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Stelzer, HE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,NORMAL,AL 35762, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 442 EP 446 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD793 UT WOS:A1997XD79300022 ER PT J AU Shamloul, AM Hadidi, A Zhu, SF Singh, RP Sagredo, B AF Shamloul, AM Hadidi, A Zhu, SF Singh, RP Sagredo, B TI Sensitive detection of potato spindle tuber viroid using RT-PCR and identification of a viroid variant naturally infecting pepino plants SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID ENZYMATIC CDNA AMPLIFICATION; POME FRUIT VIROIDS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE; PSTVD; POLLEN; VIRUS; SEED AB A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was developed to detect full length potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) using primer pair 5'-CCCTGAAGCGCTCCTCCGAG-3' (complementary to PSTVd nucleotides 69-88) and 5'ATCCCCGGGGAAACCTGGAGCGAAC-3' (homologous to PSTVd nucleotides 89-113). A full-length amplified PSTVd cDNA was detected using RT-PCR in GeneReleaser(TM)-treated nucleic acid extracts of potato tuber tissues taken from tuber periderm, cortical parenchyma, external phloem, xylem ring, perimedullary zone containing internal phloem, perimedullary starch-storage parenchyma or pith regions. The viroid was also detected using RT-PCR from total nucleic acid or GeneReleaser(TM) treated sap extracts of true potato seed (TPS), and pollen. PSTVd detection from total nucleic acid extracts of TPS can be achieved without further treatment with GeneReleaser(TM) or after further purification. GeneReleaser(TM)-treated sap extracts of as little as five pollen grains were sufficient to yield an amplified full-length PSTVd cDNA by this method. A one step short version of RT-PCR was shown to detect PSTVd from infected tomato leaf nucleic acids. The RT-PCR protocol was successful in detecting a naturally occurring Variant of PSTVd from pepino (Solanum muricatum) plants that consists of 357 nucleotides and differs from the prototype 359 nucleotide PSTVd isolate in five positions. C1 ARS, NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XA817 UT WOS:A1997XA81700017 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Cescutti, P Fett, WF Osman, SF Hoagland, PD Chau, HK AF Fishman, ML Cescutti, P Fett, WF Osman, SF Hoagland, PD Chau, HK TI Screening the physical properties of novel Pseudomonas exopolysaccharides by HPSEC with multi-angle light scattering and viscosity detection SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACIDIC EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS AB The physical properties of three novel acidic exopolysaccharides obtained from P. marginalis types A, B and C, one from P. 'gingeri', one from P. andropogenis and one from P. fluorescens have been partially characterized. These EPSs were chromatographed on three serially placed SE Sheder OH pak columns covering a molar mass range for pullulans from about 4x10(7) to 1x10(3). The mobile phase was 0.05 M NaNO3. Physical measurements were performed on about 30 mg of sample for each EPS. The weight average molar mass of these EPSs ranged from about 0.71 to 2.85x10(6), the weight average intrinsic viscosity from 7.15 to 35.3 dl/g and the radius of gyration from 62 to 123 nm. The polydispersities of these EPSs ranged from 1.01 to 1.37. The large molar mass, size and viscosities of these EPSs may indicate that they have potential for use as thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers, and gelling agents in the food and non-food industries. C1 UNIV TRIESTE,DEPT BIOCHEM BIOPHYS & MACROMOL CHEM,I-34127 TRIESTE,ITALY. RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,EASTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(97)00012-X PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA XD935 UT WOS:A1997XD93500006 ER PT J AU Doner, LW AF Doner, LW TI Rapid purification of commercial gellan gum to highly soluble and gellable monovalent cation salts SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article AB Commercial gellan gum contains divalent cation contaminants (mainly Ca2+ and Mg2+) in levels sufficient to neutralize over one-third of its carboxyl groups. Consequently, in order to dissolve gellan gum in water, the mixtures must be heated to more than 90 degrees C. This has prevented applications of gellan gum to such uses as the immobilization of viable enzymes and cells in beads. A rapid two-step method is described here to purify commercial gellan gum to the monovalent cation salts in an overall yield of 85%, through the intermediate free acid form. The gellan monovalent cation salts were highly soluble at temperatures as low as 5 degrees C, and readily gelled upon exposure to solutions of divalent cations. Laboratory-scale preparations of 100 g of gellan monovalent cation salts were readily achieved in a day. RP Doner, LW (reprint author), ARS,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(96)00168-3 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA XD935 UT WOS:A1997XD93500011 ER PT J AU Vensel, WH Adalsteins, AE Kasarda, DD AF Vensel, WH Adalsteins, AE Kasarda, DD TI Purification and characterization of the glutenin subunits of Triticum tauschii, progenitor of the D genome in hexaploid bread wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DISULFIDE BONDS; GAMMA-GLIADINS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CYSTINE PEPTIDES; LMW SUBUNITS; DURUM-WHEAT; PROTEINS; SEPARATION AB N-terminal amino acid sequences and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) molecular weights have been determined for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-purified high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin subunits (GS) of Triticum tauschii sap. strangulata, contributor of the D genome to hexaploid bread wheat. The use of three different extraction procedures resulted in similar glutenin preparations. On the basis of N-terminal sequences, the same types of glutenin subunits that have been reported in bread and durum wheats (HMW-GS of both the x and y types and LMW-GS of the LMW-s, LMW-m, alpha-, and gamma-types) were found in T. tauschii. However, the HMW-GS in T. tauschii were in greater proportion relative to LMW-GS when compared to reported values for a bread and durum wheat. Our results support the likelihood that differences in the proportions of the various subunits contributed by the A, B, and D genomes, rather than qualitative differences in the types of subunits, are responsible for the major differences in quality characteristics between bread wheat and durum wheat. RP Vensel, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 2 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.2.108 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WN743 UT WOS:A1997WN74300004 ER PT J AU Zhang, NY Jones, BL Tao, HP AF Zhang, NY Jones, BL Tao, HP TI Purification and characterization of a new class of insect alpha-amylase inhibitors from barley SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANTIFUNGAL PROTEINS; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; WHEAT; THIONINS; PUROTHIONINS; HOMOLOGIES; QUANTITIES; ENDOSPERM; SEQUENCE; DEFENSE AB Barley seeds contain proteins that apparently protect them against attack by microorganisms and insects. Studies of these barley defensive proteins may lead to the development of barleys with improved natural resistance to pests. We have purified two low molecular weight proteins, designated BI alpha 1 and BI alpha 2, from barley grain, using ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase and gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both BI alpha 1 and BI alpha 2 inhibited insect (yellow meal worm, Tenebrio molitor) alpha-amylase activities. For the T. molitor alpha-amylase, the IC50 values of BI alpha 1 and BI alpha 2 were 80 mu g/mL (12.5 mu M) and 34 mu g/mL (6.8 mu M), respectively. Neither protein inhibited either human salivary alpha-amylase, barley alpha-amylase, or trypsin activities. N-terminal amino acid sequences of the inhibitors were highly homologous with those of the plant proteins called defensins. The first 20 N-terminal amino acids of BI alpha 2 were identical to those of gamma-hordothionin, but neither BI alpha 1 nor BI alpha 2 protein showed any homology with the chloroform-methanol (CM) soluble protein amino acid consensus sequence. The two inhibitors therefore apparently comprise another group of low molecular weight barley proteins that inhibit the alpha-amylase activities of some insects that attack cereal grains. C1 USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53705. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 2 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.2.119 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WN743 UT WOS:A1997WN74300006 ER PT J AU Huebner, FR Nelsen, TC Chung, OK Bietz, JA AF Huebner, FR Nelsen, TC Chung, OK Bietz, JA TI Protein distributions among hard red winter wheat varieties as related to environment and baking quality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AACC 79th Annual Meeting CY OCT, 1994 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP AACC ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POTENTIAL BREADMAKING QUALITY; WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; CYSTINE PEPTIDES; STORAGE PROTEINS; DISULFIDE BONDS; DURUM-WHEAT; GLIADIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Previous size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) studies of hard red spring (HRS) wheat proteins reported correlations of amounts of certain gliadin and glutenin fractions with general score, a quality descriptor based on loaf volume, mixing time, and other parameters. We now extended these studies to 12 hard red winter (HRW) wheats, each grown at six Midwestern locations. Gliadin and reduced glutenin fractions were isolated and fractionated by SE-HPLC. Amounts of fractions corresponding to specific molecular weight (MW) ranges, determined by integrating peaks from SE-HPLC elution profiles, were statistically correlated with various baking quality parameters. Amounts of one fraction rich in gamma-gliadins correlated well with loaf volume; correlations were better than found previously for HRS wheats. Correlations adjusted for overall protein (partial correlations) were >0.5 for 10 of the 12 samples, and >0.84 for six samples when estimated among samples, among locations, among samples at each location, and among locations for each sample. Because gamma-gliadins appeared well correlated to loaf volume, the gliadin fraction was also analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), which provides better separations. Correlations of gamma-gliadin peak areas from RP-HPLC with loaf volume were then 0.93-0.99 for different varieties grown in different locations. Narrow-bore columns with shorter run times gave slightly higher correlations than did standard RP-HPLC columns. It is evident that both genetics and environment affect the relationship of quantitative protein distribution to loaf volume. C1 USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT & PROD RES CTR,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP Huebner, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.2.123 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WN743 UT WOS:A1997WN74300007 ER PT J AU Morris, CF King, GE Rubenthaler, GL AF Morris, CF King, GE Rubenthaler, GL TI Contribution of wheat flour fractions to beak hot paste viscosity SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STARCH; ANALYZER; QUALITY AB The quality of many baked products, noodles, gravies, and thickeners is related to the pasting properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour, yet different flours vary markedly in their pasting performance. The objective of the present research was to assess the role of the wheat flour fractions, gluten, water solubles, prime and tailing starches, in the contribution to peak hot paste viscosity among three selected wheat cultivars. Straight-grade flours were fractionated and reconstituted. Fractions were examined independently and were deleted in otherwise fully reconstituted flours. Fractions were exchanged between cultivars for reconstituting flours, and fractions were substituted individually into a common starch base. The flours from the cultivars Klasic, McKay, and Madsen differed markedly in their peak hot paste viscosities, and were fractionated and reconstituted with only a small effect on paste viscosity. Results clearly showed that prime starch was the primary determinate of flour paste viscosity, but the other fractions all exerted a significant effect. Tailing starch increased paste viscosity directly due to pasting capacity of starch or indirectly through competition for water. Gluten also increased paste viscosity through competition for water. The water-soluble fraction from different cultivar flours was more variable in effect. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,E-202 FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR FACIL E,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 2 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.2.147 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WN743 UT WOS:A1997WN74300011 ER PT J AU Kohler, P KeckGassenmeier, B Wieser, H Kasarda, DD AF Kohler, P KeckGassenmeier, B Wieser, H Kasarda, DD TI Molecular modeling of the n-terminal regions of high molecular weight glutenin subunits 7 and 5 in relation to intramolecular disulfide bond formation SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; HEXAPLOID BREAD WHEAT; STORAGE PROTEINS; CYSTINE PEPTIDES; PREDICTION; GENOME; ENERGY; GENES AB Analyses of cystine peptides derived from the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) 5 and 7 indicate that, in spite of a distinct sequence homology between the two subunits in the N-terminal region, different disulfide linkages of cysteine residues are present in these regions. To investigate the structural basis for these experimental results, the conformational structures of the polypeptide chains corresponding to the N-terminal regions (first 50 amino acids) of the wheat HMW-GS 5 and 7 were modeled by computer methods. Secondary structures were predicted by the method of Rest and Sander (1993) and, to the extent appropriate, applied to the constructed polypeptide chains. The resulting structures were energy-minimized and subjected to simulated heating and dynamic equilibration. In the final structure of subunit 5, the first two cysteines were located in a region of continuous a-helix. If folding to the helical form occurs rapidly during biosynthesis as expected, the distance between the sulfhydryl groups of these two cysteines would be great enough (approximate to 2.2 nm) to make intramolecular disulfide bond formation unlikely. Although a somewhat similar region of alpha-helix was predicted for the subunit 7, in some predictions the helix was interrupted between the first two cysteines, and this break was assigned either extended structure or arbitrarily modeled as an inverse gamma-turn. In the final structure of subunit 7 with the assigned inverse gamma-turn, after energy minimization, heating, and dynamics, the two cysteines approached one another closely (approximate to 0.4 nm). Formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond appeared a likely possibility. This model is in accord with experimental evidence for this latter intramolecular bond (Kohler et al 1993). In agreement with the modeling, an equivalent intramolecular disulfide bond of subunit 5 has not been found and experimental evidence for a different arrangement is presented. C1 KURT HESS INST MEHL & EIWEISSFORSCH,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Kohler, P (reprint author), DEUTSCH FORSCH ANSTALT LEBENSMITTELCHEM,LICHTENBERGERSTR 4,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 2 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.2.154 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WN743 UT WOS:A1997WN74300012 ER PT J AU Doner, LW Hicks, KB AF Doner, LW Hicks, KB TI Isolation of hemicellulose from corn fiber by alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES; MAIZE BRAN; HULLS; DELIGNIFICATION AB For the first time, alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) extraction conditions were used to isolate hemicellulose (arabinoxylan) from destarched corn fiber. Yields of the water-soluble hemicellulose B ranged from 35% (24 hr extraction at 25 degrees C) to 42% (2 hr extraction at 60 degrees C). The hemicellulose B resulting from the 2 hr extraction (pH 11.5) was off-white in color, and a very low proportion (1.7%) of water-insoluble hemicellulose A was extracted. AHP treatment caused delignification and facilitated the alkaline extraction of hemicellulose from the lignocellulosic fiber matrix. In the absence of H2O2, yields were reduced by more than one-third when using otherwise identical extraction conditions of time, temperature and pH. In the standard protocol, corn fiber, NaOH solution, and H2O2 were mixed in a 1:25:0.25 (w/v/w) ratio. Extractions were conducted at pH 11.5 at 25 degrees C or 60 degrees C. The pH was adjusted to 11.5 by addition of NaOH at ambient and elevated temperatures. The optimum hemicellulose yield (51.3%; dry, starch-free basis) was obtained when the pH was increased to 12.5 for the final one-half of the extraction period. Products obtained after extraction at pH values greater than 11.5 were tan in color, however, and the goal of the research has been to isolate white hemicellulose B and then evaluate its properties. Under most conditions, the yields of hemicellulose B, potentially the most useful form for food and industrial applications, exceeded those of hemicellulose A by more than 10-fold. The hemicellulose B products were lighter in color than those obtained using traditional alkaline extraction conditions of refluxing with calcium or sodium hydroxide. Steps prior to extractions with alkaline H2O2, such as grinding to 20 mesh and extracting with azeotropic toluene-ethanol, were found to be unnecessary. RP Doner, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 39 TC 142 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 2 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.2.176 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WN743 UT WOS:A1997WN74300017 ER PT J AU Petroske, E Huwe, JK Feil, VJ Larsen, GL AF Petroske, E Huwe, JK Feil, VJ Larsen, GL TI Identification of NIH-shifted metabolites of 1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the rat by NMR comparison with synthesized isomers SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins, PCB and Related Compounds CY AUG 21-25, 1995 CL EDMONTON, CANADA ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; XENOBIOTICS AB In the rat, 1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was oxidatively metabolized to the NM-shifted products 2-hydroxy-1,4,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 3-hydroxy-1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The chlorine substitution patterns were determined by comparison with H-1 NMR spectra of six synthesized isomers in CDCl3, CD3OD, and acetone-d(6). Glucuronide and glucuronide-sulfate conjugates of the monohydroxy dioxins were identified in the bile by FAB-MS. The dominance of the NM-shift products in the metabolism of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins indicates that the same isomers may be produced from differently substituted chlorinated dioxins. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Petroske, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5-7 BP 1549 EP 1555 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00450-5 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WR677 UT WOS:A1997WR67700056 PM 9134686 ER PT J AU Elsasser, TH Kahl, S Steele, NC Rumsey, TS AF Elsasser, TH Kahl, S Steele, NC Rumsey, TS TI Nutritional modulation of somatotropic axis cytokine relationships in cattle: A brief review SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interplay Between the Immune & Endocrine Systems in Domestic Animals at the Experimental Biology 95 Meeting CY APR 10, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA DE cytokine; cattle; GH; IGF-I; disease ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; FACTOR-ALPHA; NITRIC-OXIDE; IGF-I; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; BINDING-PROTEINS; PITUITARY-CELLS; SARCOCYSTIS-CRUZI AB The objective of this review is to summarize data on the interrelationships that exist between nutrition, the endocrine system and their modulation of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha responses to endotoxin in cattle. During stress, intake of nutrients often is compromised and a percentage of available nutrients are diverted away from growth processes to stabilize other physiological processes of a higher survival priority. Management practices that minimize the magnitude and duration of disease stress will aid in speeding the return to homeostatic equilibrium. However, the shift away from growth during stress is almost inevitable as a mechanism to survive. Some degree of control and management of the metabolic cost of disease stress involves understanding the integration of nutritional, endocrine and immune signals by cells and working with the natural homeostatic processes. Endocrine hormones and immune system cytokine signals participate in redirecting nutrient use during disease stress. In an intricate interplay, hormones and cytokines regulate, modify and modulate each other's production and tissue interactions to alter metabolic priorities. Levels of dietary protein and energy intake affect patterns of hormones and cytokines in the blood after endotoxin challenge and further modulate the biological actions of many of these regulatory effecters. In vivo, administration of growth hormone to young calves has significant effects to decrease the many specific physiological responses to endotoxemia. Many aspects of nutrition can attenuate or facilitate this effect. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20812. RP Elsasser, TH (reprint author), USDA,ARS,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 87 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 116 IS 3 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0300-9629(96)00279-4 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA WJ673 UT WOS:A1997WJ67300004 PM 9102185 ER PT J AU Ringer, CE Millner, PD Teerlinck, LM Lyman, BW AF Ringer, CE Millner, PD Teerlinck, LM Lyman, BW TI Suppression of seedling damping-off disease in potting mix containing animal manure composts SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; CONTAINER MEDIA; SOIL AB Broiler litter, dairy manure, and steer/horse manure were separately cocomposted with other organic residues, and the resulting composts incorporated into potting mixes. All the compost-amended potting mixes were suppressive to damping-off caused by Pythium and Rhizoctonia relative to disease conducive controls. The type of manure in the compost had a greater influence on damping-off of Pythium than of Rhizoctonia. Composts differed in the relative amounts of suppression of Pythium damping-off as follows: dairy manure greater than or equal to steer manure 2 poultry litter. However, dairy manure compost contained phytotoxins generated in anaerobic zones of the windrow. There was no statistically significant association between disease suppression and compost age. Comparisons between disease losses in nonautoclaved and autoclaved potting mixes provided evidence that disease suppression was microbially mediated. There was also some evidence that low levels of NO2- - or NO3- - nitrogen were associated with suppression of Pythium damping-off. C1 RODALE INST,RES CTR,KUTZTOWN,PA. RP Ringer, CE (reprint author), ARS,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 6 EP 14 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA XB441 UT WOS:A1997XB44100002 ER PT J AU Lu, N Edwards, JH Walker, RH AF Lu, N Edwards, JH Walker, RH TI Ionic activity in soil solution as affected by application of newsprint and nitrogen sources SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM TOXICITY; CALCIUM DEFICIENCY; PLANT-GROWTH; AMENDMENTS; NUTRITION; SEEDLINGS; AMMONIUM; RATIO; FORM AB The influence of noncomposted ground newsprint (GNP) and nitrogen (N) source on corn (Zea Mays L.) dry matter production, grain yield, and soil chemical properties has been previously reported (Lu el al. 1995). The effects of GNP and N source on soil solution ionic activities at 40 days after planting in a field study; seed germination and extractable aluminum (Al) in GNP in laboratory studies were evaluated to determine their effects on corn seedling stunting and nutrient imbalances during early growth stages. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), urea, anhydrous ammonia (NH3), or poultry litter (PL) were the N sources used in the field study to adjust the C:N ratio of the GNP to less than or equal to 30:1. In laboratory experiments, cotton, soybean, and corn germination at seven days was not affected by N source or GNP applied at a rate of 2.44 kg C/m(2) soil; but N source did influence the dry weight of corn root/shoot ratio at 21 days. The Al extracted from GNP increased as the NH4OH concentration in the extracting solution increased and followed a quadratic relationship with an r(2) of 0.90. The Sigma alpha(ca)/Sigma alpha(cation) ratio in soil solution for all N sources was greater than the 0.15 reported by Bennett and Adams (1970a), where incipient NH3 phytotoxicity can occur. At 40 days after planting, a two-fold increase in soil monomeric Al (Sigma Al alpha(mon)) ionic activity and a five-fold increase in soil P (Sigma P-alpha) ionic activity were measured in GNP treatments as compared to no N GNP treatments. When NH3 was the N source used to adjust the C:N ratio of GNP, the Sigma Al alpha(mon) ionic activities were increased by a factor of five as compared to NH3 applied alone. When PL was the N source, the Al, (Sigma Al alpha(species)) ionic activity was 119 mmol L-1 compared to the Sigma Al alpha(mon) ionic activity of 0.53 mmol L-1. It appears that Sigma Al alpha(mon) ionic activity induced nutrient disorder and caused severe stunting of corn seedlings during early season growth. The relatively high water-soluble organic carbon in PL (18 percent) may have acted as a chelating agent to reduce the Sigma Al alpha(mon) ionic activities in the GNP, or as a soluble carbon source for increasing microbial utilization of all the N, thus slowing the formation and accumulation of phytotoxic levels of by-products. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL. RP Lu, N (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 68 EP 83 PG 16 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA XB441 UT WOS:A1997XB44100009 ER PT J AU Mason, JR Linz, G AF Mason, JR Linz, G TI Repellency of garlic extract to European starlings SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE bird; garlic; repellent; starling; Sturnus vulgaris ID ANTHRANILATE AB Garlic and garlic oil were recently exempted from pesticide registration requirements, increasing the attractiveness of these substances as candidate vertebrate repellents. Because anecdotal evidence suggests that garlic may repel birds, the present experiment was designed to evaluate the aversiveness of garlic to European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Samples of feed were mixed with garlic oil to produce concentrations ranging from 1.0-0.1% (vol./mass). All garlic concentrations reduced consumption relative to consumption of untreated feed in two-cup choice tests (P < 0.05). These results are consistent with the possibility that garlic oil may be used to repel these birds. C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR, NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR, ADC, APHIS, USDA, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV, NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR, ADC, APHIS, USDA, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 107 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(96)00078-6 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WK904 UT WOS:A1997WK90400002 ER PT J AU Tjamos, EC Fravel, DR AF Tjamos, EC Fravel, DR TI Distribution and establishment of the biocontrol fungus Talaromyces flavus in soil and on roots of solanaceous crops SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Talaromyces flavus; Verticillium dahliae; verticillium wilt; root colonization; biological control ID VERTICILLIUM WILT; SPORIDESMIUM-SCLEROTIVORUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LETTUCE DROP; MICROSCLEROTIA; SCLEROTIORUM; SOLARIZATION; DAHLIAE; AGENTS; FIELD AB Ascospores of Talaromyces flavus were applied to eggplant, tomato and potato as either a drench or in spherical granules (alginate prill). In subsequent samplings, the percentage colonization of roots was significantly greater than that of root tips. However, when populations of T. flavus were expressed as colony forming units g(-1) fresh weight, recovery of T. flavus was significantly greater in root tips. Populations were lower in rhizosphere soil than from roots and root tips and populations in non-rhizosphere soil were the lowest of any location. Vigorous washing of the roots removed most of the T. flavus, indicating that T. flavus was superficially associated with the roots. Populations of T. flavus were greater when it was applied as a drench rather than in prill. C1 USDA ARS,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Tjamos, EC (reprint author), AGR UNIV ATHENS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,VOTANIKOS 11855,GR-11855 ATHENS,GREECE. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(96)00087-7 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WK904 UT WOS:A1997WK90400006 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Mason, JR AF Avery, ML Mason, JR TI Feeding responses of red-winged blackbirds to multisensory repellents SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE bird repellent; colour cue; methiocarb; methyl anthranilate; multiple stimuli; red-winged blackbird ID REDUCING BIRD DAMAGE; METHIOCARB; AVOIDANCE; AVERSIONS; STARLINGS; SPARROWS; COLOR; FOOD AB The concept that combinations of aversive stimuli are more repellent than the individual components is familiar but has been subject to little critical experimentation. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of aural (alarm call), visual (red dye), and chemical (methyl anthranilate and methiocarb) stimuli for reducing consumption of brown rice by captive red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). The species-specific alarm call was ineffective, as was red dye beyond an initial neophobic response. Of the stimulus combinations tested, only 0.005% (g/g) methiocarb plus red plus methyl anthranilate proved more effective than the most effective individual component stimulus. The 0.025% methiocarb and 0.025% methiocarb plus methyl anthranilate treatments suppressed consumption effectively and also caused subsequent presentation of untreated brown rice to be avoided. Our findings suggest that for repellent applications to seeded crops and ripening grains the use rate of an illness-inducing agent such as methiocarb can be substantially reduced if paired with a deterrent colour and a chemical irritant. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32641, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(96)00076-2 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WK904 UT WOS:A1997WK90400010 ER PT J AU Kim, KD Nemec, S Musson, G AF Kim, KD Nemec, S Musson, G TI Effects of composts and soil amendments on soil microflora and Phytophthora root and crown rot of bell pepper SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE compost; soil amendment; soil microflora; microbial activity; Phytophthora capsici; pepper; root and crown rot ID RHIZOCTONIA DAMPING-OFF; WASTE-AMENDED SOIL; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SUPPRESSION; SQUASH; GROWTH; MEDIA; PATHOGENS; DISEASES; CAPSICI AB Three field tests were established at Boynton Beach, Florida during 1992-1995, to evaluate various composts and soil amendments incorporated into the top 20 cm of beds for control of Phytophthora root and crown rot of bell pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. Test plots were treated with one of the following: chitosan, crab shell waste, humate, municipal solid waste, perennial peanuts, seed peanuts, sewage sludge-yard trimming (SY), and wood chips. Untreated plots served as controls. Soil populations of five microbial functional groups and total microbial activity were monitored by measuring fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis analysis. Two plantings (II September and 16 November 1995) of cv. Boynton Belie were evaluated in each test. Chitosan (0.2%, w/v) reduced disease incidence and severity compared with controls in one test. Perennial peanuts reduced disease incidence and severity of Phytophthora root and crown rot in another test. Several treatments, especially SY and wood chips, increased total microbial activity and soil populations of certain microbial functional groups, some of which were negatively correlated with disease incidence and severity. C1 USDA ARS,FT PIERCE,FL 34945. UNIV FLORIDA,INDIAN RIVER RES & EDUC CTR,FT PIERCE,FL 34945. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(96)00074-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WK904 UT WOS:A1997WK90400011 ER PT J AU Gauch, HG Zobel, RW AF Gauch, HG Zobel, RW TI Identifying mega-environments and targeting genotypes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; YIELD TRIALS; MULTIPLICATIVE INTERACTION; WHEAT GENOTYPES; SELECTION; STABILITY; ADAPTATION; REPEATABILITY; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION AB To maximize yield throughout a crop's heterogeneous growing region, despite differences in cultivar rankings from place to place due to genotype-environment interactions, frequently it is necessary to subdivide a growing region into several relatively homogeneous mega-environments and to breed and target adapted genotypes for each mega-environment. The objectives of this study are to identify relevant criteria for evaluating mega-environment analyses and to apply the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model to mega-environment analysis. The proposed analysis is illustrated using a Louisiana corn (Zea mays L.) trial. Statistical strategies for identifying mega-environments should meet four criteria: flexibility in handling yield trials with various designs, focus on that fraction of the total variation that is relevant for identifying mega-environments, duality in giving integrated information on both genotypes and environments, and relevance for the primary objective of showing which genotypes win where. The AMMI model meets these criteria effectively when the usual biplots are supplemented with several new types of graphs designed to address questions about mega-environments. Preliminary results indicate that a small and workable number of mega-environments often suffices to exploit interactions and increase yields. C1 USDA ARS, NAA, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. RP Gauch, HG (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV, 1021 BRADFIELD HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. NR 68 TC 196 Z9 229 U1 3 U2 23 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 311 EP 326 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500002 ER PT J AU Haro, ES Allan, RE AF Haro, ES Allan, RE TI Effects of heading date on agronomic performance of winter wheat isolines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; SPRING WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; CHARACTERS AB Heading and photoperiod response are key processes affecting adaptiveness of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Few soft white winter (SWW) wheat cultivars of the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) express early heading. Earliness offers several advantages including early harvest, reduced pre-harvest sprouting loss, and increased operational efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine if early heading genotypes warrant greater breeding emphasis. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed by transferring early heading character from Early Blackhull and an Early Blackhull derivative to 'Nugaines' (NGN), an adapted PNW SWW cultivar. The NILs comprise a near-continous range of phenotypes that head 0 to 10 d earlier than NGN. The parents and NILs were tested during two to four yr in three diverse field environments. Results showed that genotypes 3 to 7 d earlier than NGN warrant increased breeding emphasis because they had high yield potential across all environments and often had enhanced test weight, kernel weight and harvest index. The earliest NILs had limited yield potential in the cool-moist medium growing season environment, but they had high yield potential in the temperate long-growing season environment. Grain-fill duration of NILs was strongly influenced by environment and only partially associated with heading date. Two early-heading NILs were less sensitive to photoperiod than NGN, but less sensitivity was not a requirement for early heading. Rate of apical meristem development was partially associated with early heading date at the distinct blister-like spikelet stage. Breeding programs centered in cool-moist environments of the PNW should consider increasing emphasis on early heading SWW germplasm. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WHEAT GENET QUAL PHYSIOL & DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. SA CV CARRE,HIBRIDOS PIONEER MEXICO,TLAJOMULCO ZUQIGA 45645,JALISCO,MEXICO. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 346 EP 351 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500006 ER PT J AU Wilcox, JR Zhang, GD AF Wilcox, JR Zhang, GD TI Relationships between seed yield and seed protein in determinate and indeterminate soybean populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The development of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] cultivars with high seed protein has been hampered by the inverse relationship between seed yield and seed protein concentration. Determinate and indeterminate near-isolines of soybean are usually similar in seed protein but differ in growth type. This study was conducted to determine if relationships between seed yield and seed protein differed in populations of these two plant types. Determinate and indeterminate progenies were identified in two crosses between high-protein indeterminate breeding lines and determinate strains with average seed protein. The F-4-derived progenies were evaluated for 2 yr in three-replicate yield tests at West Lafayette, IN. Seed protein and oil concentration were determined on seed from individual entries In each replication. Mean seed protein concentrations were similar for the two plant types in each cross. Regression of seed protein on seed yield was not significant among determinate progenies in either cross. In contrast, negative slopes of regression lines were significant when seed protein was regressed on seed yield for indeterminate progenies in each cross. The three highest yielding determinate entries from one cross were similar in yield to the determinate cultivar Charleston and varied from 449 to 478 g kg(-1) seed protein compared with Charleston with 420 g kg(-1) protein. In the second cross, the three highest yielding determinate progenies were similar in yield to Charleston; two of these had higher seed protein than Charleston. The three highest yielding indeterminate lines in both crosses were similar in yield to the indeterminate check cultivars Edison and Flyer and varied in seed protein from 418 to 435 g kg(-1) compared with 414 g kg(-1) protein for Edison and 418 g kg(-1) for Flyer. The data demonstrate that in these two crosses, determinate progenies were a better source of selections that combined high seed yield with high seed protein than were indeterminate progenies. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47905. RP Wilcox, JR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47905, USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 361 EP 364 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500009 ER PT J AU Tapsoba, H Wilson, JP Hanna, WW AF Tapsoba, H Wilson, JP Hanna, WW TI Improvement of resistance to rust through recurrent selection in pearl millet SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BARLEY COMPOSITE CROSS; POWDERY MILDEW; DOWNY-MILDEW; LEAF-SPOT; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; YIELD AB Two pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. = P. typhoides (Burm.) Staff & Hubb., P. americanum (L.) K. Schum.] bulk populations, Tift #2 and Tift #5, served as base populations for four cycles of recurrent selection against susceptibility to Puccinia substriata Ell. & Earth. var. indica Ramachar & Cumm. A bulk inoculum of the pathogen was used. The objectives were to evaluate the progress achieved regarding overall resistance to the pathogen in the field and resistance to different races of the pathogen, and also to evaluate changes in unselected traits. During selection, the frequency of rust resistant plants continuously increased from about 30% in each base population to more than 85% by the third cycle of selection in both populations. An average increase of about 21 and 18% per cycle was obtained in Tift #2 and Tift #5, respectively. A continuous increase of the frequency of plants resistant to some races of the pathogen was also obtained. In Tift #5, 80% of the plants were resistant to eight races by the third cycle of selection. The accumulation of resistance observed in the seedlings was manifested in the held, both in 1993 and 1994, by a reduction of the final rust severity from the base population to the fourth selection cycle of both populations. This improvement in resistance to the rust pathogen was accompanied by an increase in the frequency of plants resistant to Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) acc. only in Tift #2. Despite the improvement in the selected character, genetic variability for agronomic traits such as plant height, number of culms/plant, flowering date, and panicle length was successfully maintained within each population. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 365 EP 369 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500010 ER PT J AU Brummer, EC Graef, GL Orf, J Wilcox, JR Shoemaker, RC AF Brummer, EC Graef, GL Orf, J Wilcox, JR Shoemaker, RC TI Mapping QTL for seed protein and oil content in eight soybean populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX L; UNDERLYING QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; RECURRENT SELECTION; ACID CONTENT; REGISTRATION; INTEGRATION; CULTIVARS; TOMATO; LOCUS AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds contain high levels of protein and oil useful for human consumption. Increasing emphasis in breeding programs to produce soybeans with specific protein or oil content for specialty markets demands that more efficient manipulation of these traits be achieved. The objective of this study was to evaluate eight different soybean populations from the midwestern USA for genetic markers linked to seed protein and oil content. The populations were derived from the breeding programs at the Univ. of Minnesota, the Univ. of Nebraska, and Purdue Univ.-USDA-ARS. Each population consisted of between 69 and 100 individuals and was mapped with 21 to 85 restriction fragment length polymorphism markers. The F-2-derived populations were grown in field tests in 1992, 1993, and 1994 in the state in which they originated. Single factor analysis of variance was used to detect significant associations between markers and traits. Environmentally stable and environmentally sensitive quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for both protein and oil contents in all eight populations. The identified QTL were sensitive to both environment and genetic background although some common QTL were identified in multiple populations across several years. The results show that a number of QTL affect these traits and that markers could potentially be used in breeding programs designed to alter the seed protein and oil content. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT AGRON, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. PURDUE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, USDA ARS, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, FIELDS CROPS RES, USDA ARS, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP Brummer, EC (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT AGRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 30 TC 125 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 370 EP 378 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500011 ER PT J AU CukadarOlmedo, B Miller, JF Hammond, JJ AF CukadarOlmedo, B Miller, JF Hammond, JJ TI Combining ability of the stay green trait and seed moisture content in sunflower SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MAIZE AB Plants of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) which retain a green color in stems at physiological maturity are characterized as having the stay green trait. Research on inheritance of the stay green/early senescence trait may provide valuable information to plant breeders for developing new cultivars with better resistance to drought and pests, and increased standability. This study was conducted to determine the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities of different female and male inbred lines in F-1 hybrids for the stay green characteristic. The study included 36 sunflower hybrids produced by crossing six female lines to six male lines in a factorial mating design. Change in stem color was used as a criterion for the stay green characteristic with stem color analyzed by a computer program called Maps and Image Processing System. The relative magnitude of ratios of the female and male GCA components to the female and male GCA plus SCA components for the stay green trait, suggested that additive gene effects were more important than nonadditive gene effects in controlling stay green expressed among hybrid combinations. However, significant SCA effects detected at physiological maturity also implied the contribution of nonadditive effects to the variation. Nonsignificant correlation coefficient between stem color at physiological maturity and seed moisture content at harvest indicated that it is possible to develop hybrids with the stay green trait and low harvest seed moisture content. Significant but small correlation coefficients for stem color between different plant stages after anthesis suggested that selection would be most effective at physiological maturity. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 378 EP 382 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500012 ER PT J AU Labate, JA Lamkey, KR Lee, M Woodman, WL AF Labate, JA Lamkey, KR Lee, M Woodman, WL TI Molecular genetic diversity after reciprocal recurrent selection in BSSS and BSCB1 maize populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic #1 (BSCB1) are undergoing reciprocal recurrent selection as part of Iowa's Federal-State maize (Zea mays L.) breeding program. This study focused on molecular genetic variation in BSSS(R) and BSCB1(R) cycle 0 (GO) and cycle 12 (C12) populations, as well as the inbred progenitor lines (P) used to synthesize BSSS and BSCB1. The objectives were to quantify amounts of genetic variation within populations, to estimate what proportion remained after selection, and to compare genetic diversities between BSSS and BSCB1 populations. Genotypic data for 82 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci were collected from 100 randomly sampled individuals from each CO and C12 population, 16 BSSS(R) progenitors, and 12 BSCB1(R) progenitors. Progenitor lines were highly homozygous as expected. No single progenitor made excessive genetic contributions to CO or C12. The BSSS and BSCB1 progenitor populations were initially genetically similar (Nei's genetic distance = 0.07). After 12 cycles of selection, they substantially diverged (Nei's distance = 0.66). Gene diversity (expected heterozygosity under random mating) across progenitor populations was very broad (mean gene diversity = 0.6) and remained at that level to C12. Within both populations, the polymorphism level decreased from about 99 to 75%, and gene diversity decreased from about 0.6 to 0.3 between P and C12. The mean number of alleles per locus dropped from about four to less than three. Assuming an effective population size as the mean number of selected S1 lines over 12 cycles, the observed loss of variation was consistent with theoretical expectations resulting from genetic drift of neutral alleles. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 23 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 416 EP 423 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500018 ER PT J AU Paek, NC Imsande, J Shoemaker, RC Shibles, R AF Paek, NC Imsande, J Shoemaker, RC Shibles, R TI Nutritional control of soybean seed storage protein SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXOGENOUS L-METHIONINE; BETA-CONGLYCININ; MESSENGER-RNA; 7S GLOBULIN; SUBUNITS; LEVEL; GENES; VARIANT; HORDEIN; INVITRO AB There is interest in increasing the protein concentration of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed. Potentially, this could change its protein composition and perhaps its value as a livestock feed. Our objective was to examine the change in protein composition of soybean seed with change in protein concentration as influenced by nitrogen source supplied. 'Harper' soybean was grown in hydroponic culture and supplied with different nitrogen sources (KNO3, NH4NO3, N-2, urea) during pod filling. Protein quality was monitored as a function of soybean seed storage subunit composition. With N-2 fixation as sole N source, the concentration of total seed protein decreased about 6%, storage protein 5%. Each seed storage protein subunit decreased, but the concentration of beta-conglycinin, especially the sulfur-poor beta-subunit, decreased more than glycinin. Seed storage protein concentration was increased up to 4% by substituting reduced-N for NO3-. The increased protein concentration resulted from a disproportionate increase of the beta-subunit of beta-conglycinin. The relative abundance of alpha- and alpha'-subunits was not changed by N form. Thus, N form seems to control, at least in part, the relative portion of the beta-subunit of beta-conglycinin, and consequently affects the 11S/7S ratio of seed storage protein. This change in composition with increased concentration diminishes the protein quality because the beta-subunit lacks sulfur-amino acids. It is noteworthy that the concentration of glycinin remained constant while the total seed protein concentration increased. We think these variations in seed storage protein composition result from the relative abundance of S- and N-metabolites available to developing soybean. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. NR 31 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 498 EP 503 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500031 ER PT J AU Reddy, KR Hodges, HF McKinion, JM AF Reddy, KR Hodges, HF McKinion, JM TI Modeling temperature effects on cotton internode and leaf growth SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INITIATION; LEAVES; YIELD AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is grown commercially in temperatures that vary greatly during the season. The purpose of this study was to develop potential growth and developmental rates of cotton leaves and internodes as a function of temperature in a temperature-limiting environment. That information may be used with growth duration and appropriate stress factors to develop a crop canopy development model. Plants were grown in sunlit plant growth chambers in five temperatures, 20/12 degrees C to 40/32 degrees C (day/night), at ambient (350 mu L L-1 CO2) and twice ambient carbon dioxide levels in well-watered and fertilized conditions. Plants were monitored daily for leaf unfolding dates, areas of leaves, and lengths of internodes at leaf unfolding, and growth of leaves and internodes. Durations of leaf and internode expansion were also determined. Leaf unfolding interval rates of both mainstem and fruiting branches increased as temperature increased; the rate of mainstem leaf unfolding interval increased more than the rate of branch leaf unfolding. Irrespective of sizes, leaves, and internodes fit a single relationship of relative expansion rates and age for each temperature condition. Enriching CO2 to twice the ambient level did not change these relationships. Increasing temperature increased maximum growth rate, decreased the decay in the rate of expansion due to age, and reduced growth duration of both leaves and internodes. Internodes typically took less time than leaves to elongate at all temperatures. Leaf area and internode length at leaf unfolding increased as temperature increased to 27 to 30 degrees C, then decreased at higher temperatures. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 35 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 503 EP 509 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500032 ER PT J AU Mather, DE Tinker, NA LaBerge, DE Edney, M Jones, BL Rossnagel, BG Legge, WG Briggs, KG Irvine, RB Falk, DE Kasha, KJ AF Mather, DE Tinker, NA LaBerge, DE Edney, M Jones, BL Rossnagel, BG Legge, WG Briggs, KG Irvine, RB Falk, DE Kasha, KJ TI Regions of the genome that affect grain and malt quality in a North American two-row barley cross SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE; MAP; CONSTRUCTION; CULTIVARS AB Malting is an important end use of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The suitability of barley for malting depends on numerous quality characteristics, all of which are affected by genetic and environmental variation and many of which are inter-related. Here, our objective was to use genome mapping to improve knowledge about the genetic basis for variation and covariation in grain and malt quality characteristics. Kernel plumpness, kernel weight, grain protein, fine-grind extract, fine-coarse difference, soluble protein, extract beta P-glucan, extract viscosity, diastatic power, and alpha-amylase activity were measured on grain produced in six field environments, from parents and doubled-haploid progeny of a two-row barley cross, 'Harrington'/'TR306'. Quantitative trait loci and QTL x environment interactions were detected by means of 127 mapped markers and two methods of QTL analysis: simple interval mapping (SIM) and simplified composite interval mapping (SIM). Each trait was affected by two to four primary QTL (those detected using both SIM and sCIM) and similar numbers of secondary QTL (those detected by only one of SIM or sCIM). Together, these QTL explained 21 to 67% of the phenotypic variance per trait. The numbers, effects, and relative positions of these QTL were in concordance with the quantitative trait distributions and with correlations among traits. All chromosomes, except chromosome 2, contained regions with at least one important QTL. Several genomic regions affected multiple traits. Most QTL interacted with environment, but many showed effects consistent enough that they might serve as targets for marker-assisted selection. There was little similarity in the QTL positions detected here and those detected previously for the same traits in crosses representing other germplasm groups. C1 GRAIN RES LAB,WINNIPEG,MB R3C 3G8,CANADA. USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,CTR CROP DEV,SASKATOON,SK S7N 5A8,CANADA. AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,BRANDON,MB R7A 5Y3,CANADA. UNIV ALBERTA,DEP AGR FOOD & NUTR SCI,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2P5,CANADA. SASKATCHEWAN IRRIGAT DEV CTR,OUTLOOK,SK S0L 2N0,CANADA. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT CROP SCI,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. RP Mather, DE (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,21111 LAKESHORE,ST ANNE BELLEVUE,PQ H9X 3V9,CANADA. RI Mather, Diane/A-1857-2009 OI Mather, Diane/0000-0001-7506-2589 NR 31 TC 130 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 544 EP 554 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500039 ER PT J AU vanBeuningen, LT Busch, RH AF vanBeuningen, LT Busch, RH TI Genetic diversity among North American spring wheat cultivars .1. Analysis of the coefficient of parentage matrix SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; WORLD COLLECTION; DURUM-WHEAT; PATTERNS; YIELD; IMPROVEMENT; DIVERGENCE; HETEROSIS AB Genetic diversity constitutes the raw material for plant improvement, and it can provide protection against genetic vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our objectives were to determine patterns of relatedness using the coefficient of parentage (COP) matrix among 270 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and to compute mean COP values for major regional breeding programs. The collection included most important cultivars released during this century from Canada (47), the USA (133), and Mexico (90). Cluster analysis, based on the COP matrix, resulted in 20 major clusters of four or more entries and six small clusters of two cultivars each. The first three axes from a principle coordinate analysis of the intercluster COP matrix showed (i) a group of seven clusters including most hard red spring cultivars (HRS) from the USA, and Canada (CWRS), based mainly on a 'Marquis' background, (ii) a group of nine interrelated clusters including most cultivars from CIMMYT (Mexico), (iii) two interrelated clusters including mostly white wheats, and (iv) two small clusters including mostly old Canadian cultivars. Mean COP values mere computed among cultivars released during three successive time periods for major regional breeding programs. The CWRS cultivars have become progressively more interrelated based on a Thatcher background. Average COP values (0.58 among modern cultivars) for this class were higher than values reported for winter wheat, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) gene pools. The HRS wheats showed a fairly high but slowly decreasing interrelatedness (COP = 0.22) among modern cultivars, with some regional differences. CIMMYT cultivars were lass interrelated (COP = 0.15-0.20) and comparable to levels reported for soft red winter wheat and barley. Quality requirements and kernel type have probably been major factors In maintaining relatively high COP in the CWRS but somewhat less in the HRS in the USA. CIMMYT cultivars, in general, do not have quality restrictions, allowing the introduction of more diversity. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. VANDERHAVE RES,RILLAND,NETHERLANDS. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 570 EP 579 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500043 ER PT J AU vanBeuningen, LT Busch, RH AF vanBeuningen, LT Busch, RH TI Genetic diversity among north American spring wheat cultivars .2. Ancestor contributions to gene pools of different eras and regions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; ACCESSIONS AB A broad genetic base for a crop species such as wheat (Triticum spp.) may be important to reduce genetic vulnerability and assure long-term potential for genetic gain. The number and diversity of original ancestors can provide insight into relative genetic diversity within and among gene pools. Based on the coefficient of parentage values between cultivars and ancestral lines, the relative genetic contributions of ancestral lines to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were computed for successive 25-yr time periods. The cultivars were from Canada (47), the USA (133), and Mexico (90). Genetic backgrounds were studied for important changes in the ancestral base over time and to determine trends that continue today. About 124 ancestors, tracing to 32 countries on five continents, were found to have contributed to the North American spring wheat gene pool. Canadian western red spring cultivars released before 1950 had an intermediate level of ancestral diversity. Their post-1975 cultivars have narrow ancestral diversities probably due to strict quality regulations. They consist primarily of 'Thatcher' germplasm modified by a set of pest resistance genes carefully managed in backcross schemes. Before 1950, the U.S. hard red spring wheat cultivars traced to the same Thatcher ancestors but also to 'Kota' and 'Yaroslav'. Many more ancestors were added to this base after 1950 and especially after 1975. This was a side effect of the incorporation of pest resistance, most notably from sources 'Gabo-Timstein', 'Frontana', and 'Kenya 58', and reduced height sources, most notably CIMMYT cultivars with new ancestry from 'Kenya 324' and Turkey. CIMMYT cultivars have also expanded their genetic base over time, with the systematic incorporation of new ancestry from various sources including winter wheats. Introduction of novel alleles from wild ancestors or other sources should contribute to future broadening of the genetic base, maximizing genetic gains, and reducing genetic vulnerability of the gene pools. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. VANDERHAVE RES,NL-4410 AA RILLAND,NETHERLANDS. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 580 EP 585 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500044 ER PT J AU Morris, JB Dunn, S Pinnow, DL Hopkins, MS Pittman, RN AF Morris, JB Dunn, S Pinnow, DL Hopkins, MS Pittman, RN TI Meristem culture for virus elimination and peanut interspecific hybrid preservation SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; GERM PLASM; REGISTRATION; CYTOGENETICS; COWPEA; LINES AB In 1989, more than 20% of the USDA's clonal Arachis species and their hybrids were infected with peanut mottle potyvirus (PMV) and peanut stripe potyvirus (PStV) or combinations of these viruses. PStV is a serious virus that can cause up to 20% yield reductions. PMV can also cause serious infections with up to 20% peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield reductions under optimal environmental conditions. Once introduced, these viruses can spread throughout crop collections and research plots by insect vectors or routine handling of plants. This study was conducted during 1993 and 1994 in a greenhouse at Griffin, GA, to determine whether interspecific peanut hybrids derived from nodal and meristem cultures differed for in vitro morphogenesis, and if PMV and PStV could be eliminated via meristem culture from vegetatively propagated peanut accessions. Nodal segments were placed in MSB5 media containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, B-5 vitamins, and 20 g L-1 sucrose. Apical meristems from explants were plated on MSB5 media augmented with 1 mg L-1 each of alpha-naphthalaneacetic acid (NAA) and benzylaminopurine (BAP). Explants not producing shoots were subcultured onto MSB5 media supplemented with 1 mg L-1 of BAP to induce shoot cell growth. Significant variation for shoot and root production was observed among hybrids. Regenerated plants from meristem culture were examined at the four leaflet stage by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for the presence of virus. PStV was not detected by DAS-ELISA in any plants derived from meristems. However, PMV was eliminated from 50 to 100% of five hybrids, but not from the other hybrids, Meristem culture provides an efficient method of virus elimination from interspecific Arachis hybrids. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, GRIFFIN, GA 30223 USA. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA, USDA ARS, GRIFFIN, GA 30223 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 591 EP 594 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500046 ER PT J AU Hultquist, SJ Vogel, KP Lee, DJ Arumuganathan, K Kaeppler, S AF Hultquist, SJ Vogel, KP Lee, DJ Arumuganathan, K Kaeppler, S TI DNA content and chloroplast DNA polymorphisms among switchgrasses from remnant midwestern prairies SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) is a perennial grass that is native to most of the USA. The principal use of switchgrass has been as a pasture and range grass for forage production during the warmer summer months. The objective of this research was to determine if DNA content and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) polymorphisms existed among and within switchgrass accessions from Midwestern prairie sites. Twenty-eight switchgrass accessions from remnant prairie sites were surveyed in 1994 for the upland cytotype (U) or lowland (L) cytotype in the cpDNA by means of restriction endonuclease BamHI and sorghum cpDNA probe pLD 5. These accessions were also surveyed in 1994 for DNA content differences flow cytometry. One accession. IA 31, contained a mixture of cytotypes indicating that both cytotypes can occur at a single remnant prairie site. The other Midwestern remnant prairies that were represented in this study contained only the U cytotype. The flow cytometry results indicated that switchgrass populations found within the Midwestern sites can be a mixture of ploidy levels with either 3 (tetraploid) or 6 (octaploid) pg DNA per cell. These results indicated that germplasm from Midwestern prairies should be identified according to DNA content and cytotype before it is utilized in developmental programs by plant breeders. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,CTR GRASSLAND STUDIES,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,CTR BIOTECHNOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. OI Kaeppler, Shawn/0000-0002-5964-1668 NR 22 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500047 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Bao, G Xia, ZL AF Campbell, TA Bao, G Xia, ZL TI Agronomic evaluation of Medicago ruthenica collected in Inner Mongolia SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Medicago ruthenica (L.) Ledebour has long been recognized as a potential new forage crop, which may also have potential as a source of genes for improving abiotic stress tolerance in cultivated alfalfa (M. sativa L.). This study was designed to assess the genetic variation among 50 M. ruthenica accessions, collected in Inner Mongolia in 1991 from 15 environments ranging from sand dunes to lush grassland, and to assess the agronomic potential of the species in the humid eastern USA. Accessions were evaluated in the field at Beltsville, MD, in 1993 and 1994 on an Iuka sandy loam (coarse-loamy, siliceous, acid, thermic, Aquic Udigluvent; pH 6.4) in boron and potassium deficient soil. Stand retention was only 47% (compared with 94% for M. sativa checks) after the winter of 1993, indicating that the species is not well adapted to the humid eastern USA. Significant variation was noted for reaction to environmental stress (possibly boron deficiency), days from seeding to tillering, dry matter yield, growth habit, leaf shape, and plant height and width. No disease symptoms were noted; however, a detailed pathological examination was not conducted. A positive relationship was noted between plant width and yield, and between uprightness and narrow leaves. The more procumbent plants with broader leaves may have been less susceptible to winter damage under Beltsville conditions. Some of the most agronomically desirable accessions could have resulted from genetic shifts due to selection. Analyses indicate that M. ruthenica may have the potential to become a new forage crop, perhaps for low input systems, and that semi-erect (for hay production) or procumbent (grazing tolerant) populations with improved seedling vigor and yield could be developed. Considering the antiquity and isolation of M. ruthenica, its harsh native environment, and the stress tolerance and yield of elite accessions under low-input conditions, M. ruthenica may provide genes that could be of considerable value to cultivated alfalfa. C1 CHINESE ACAD AGR SCI,GRASSLAND RES INST,HOHHOT 010010,INNER MONGOLIA,PEOPLES R CHINA. CHINESE ACAD AGR SCI,INST SOIL & FERTILIZAT,BEIJING 100081,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 599 EP 604 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500048 ER PT J AU Hanna, WW AF Hanna, WW TI Influence of cytoplasms from a wild grassy subspecies on dry matter yields in pearl millet SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMBINING ABILITY; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; WHEAT; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE; NUCLEAR; LINES; GENE AB Identification of cytoplasmic influences on dry matter yield and other agronomic characters could have a major impact on improving plant performance worldwide since the cytoplasm is contributed by the seed parent to its progeny. The objective of this field study was to determine if cytoplasms from a wild grassy subspecies of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. subspecies monodii (Maire) Brunken, influenced hybrid dry matter yield. Thirty near-isogenic lines with the Tift 23D genetic background but with putatively different cytoplasms (28 from the subspecies, A(1) and B-1) were pollinated with inbred Tift 383. The 30 F-1 hybrids were tested for dry matter yields during 1991 and 1992 in Georgia. Differences (P = 0.05) were observed among hybrids and between years. Fifteen of the hybrids yielded significantly more dry matter than the hybrid with the A(1) cytoplasm (Tifleaf 1), a commercial hybrid. The hybrid with the highest 2-yr mean yielded 17% more dry matter than Tifleaf 1. The highest yielding hybrids generally had cytoplasms derived from accessions collected in Senegal, whereas the lowest yielding hybrids had cytoplasms derived from accessions collected in Mall or Niger. However, no significant differences were observed among the mean dry matter yields of hybrids from different countries. Influence of cytoplasms on hybrid dry matter yields were observed, but further studies are needed to distinguish between cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic-nuclear effects. RP Hanna, WW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 614 EP 616 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500050 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SE Kresovich, S Jester, CA Hernandez, CJ SzewcMcFadden, AK AF Mitchell, SE Kresovich, S Jester, CA Hernandez, CJ SzewcMcFadden, AK TI Application of multiplex PCR and fluorescence-based, semi-automated allele sizing technology for genotyping plant genetic resources SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRASSICA-NAPUS L; MICROSATELLITES; POLYMORPHISMS; ABUNDANCE; RAPESEED; MARKERS; SYSTEM; GENOME; LOCI AB For future progress, effective conservation of plant genetic resources will require the integration of technologies and protocols that provide for the acquisition of large quantities of genetic information for improved gene and genotype identification. As a contribution to this integration, simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker analysis in Brassica spp. was evaluated as a prototype system for establishing the potential of multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) coupled with fluorescence-based DNA detection and semi-automated sizing technology for mass genotyping of plant genetic resources. Consistent results were achieved for multiplex PCRs (simultaneous amplification of several genetic markers in a single reaction) with 11 fluorescently labeled primer pairs. Comparison of computer-derived estimates of fragment sizes between gels demonstrated that automated sizing was accurate enough to achieve reliable and repeatable plant genotypes. To establish a genetic basis for putative SSR loci previously identified in Brassica spp., segregation data were analyzed. Three polymorphic SSRs in Brassica napus L. (canola and rapeseed) exhibited simple Mendelian inheritance and were not linked. One of these polymorphic loci was duplicated, i.e., a single copy marked each of the ''aa'' and ''cc'' genomes originating from progenitor species B. rapa and B. oleracea, respectively. Technologies that provide for high genetic resolution and throughput at reasonable costs will find ready application in plant genetic resources conservation. In addition, these same tools and marker systems can be applied to questions of pedigree analysis and intellectual property rights. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,PLANT GENET RESOURCES CONSERVAT UNIV,USDA ARS,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET REOSURCES UNIT,GENEVA,NY 14456. NR 29 TC 89 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 617 EP 624 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500051 ER PT J AU Sears, RG Martin, TJ Cox, TS Chung, OK Curran, SP Heer, WF Witt, MD AF Sears, RG Martin, TJ Cox, TS Chung, OK Curran, SP Heer, WF Witt, MD TI Registration of 'Arlin' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,AGR RES CTR,HAYS,KS 67601. USDA ARS,HARD WINTER WHEAT QUAL LAB,GRAIN MKT RES & PROD CTR,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS STATE UNIV,SW RES EXT CTR,GARDEN CITY,KS 67846. RP Sears, RG (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 627 EP 627 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500055 ER PT J AU Sears, RG Martin, TJ Hatchett, JH Cox, TS Bequette, RK Curran, SP Chung, OK Heer, WF Long, JH Witt, MD AF Sears, RG Martin, TJ Hatchett, JH Cox, TS Bequette, RK Curran, SP Chung, OK Heer, WF Long, JH Witt, MD TI Registration of '2137' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV, DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV, AGR RES CTR, HAYS, KS 67601 USA. USDA ARS, HARD WINTER WHEAT QUAL LAB, GRAIN MKT RES & PROD CTR, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV, SE AGR RES CTR, PARSONS, KS 67357 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV, SW RES EXT CTR, GARDEN CITY, KS 67846 USA. RP Sears, RG (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 628 EP 628 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500056 ER PT J AU Sears, RG Martin, TJ Cox, TS Chung, OK Curran, SP Heer, WF Witt, MD AF Sears, RG Martin, TJ Cox, TS Chung, OK Curran, SP Heer, WF Witt, MD TI Registration of 'Karl 92' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV, DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV, AGR RES CTR, HAYS, KS 67601 USA. USDA ARS, HARD WINTER WHEAT QUAL LAB, GRAIN MKT RES & PROD CTR, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV, SW RES EXT CTR, GARDEN CITY, KS 67846 USA. RP Sears, RG (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 628 EP 628 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500057 ER PT J AU McClung, AM Marchetti, MA Webb, BD Bollich, CN AF McClung, AM Marchetti, MA Webb, BD Bollich, CN TI Registration of 'Jefferson' rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP McClung, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,RT 7,BOX 999,BEAUMONT,TX 77713, USA. NR 3 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 629 EP 630 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500058 ER PT J AU Percy, RG Turcotte, EL AF Percy, RG Turcotte, EL TI Registration of 10 Pima cotton germplasm lines, P70 to P79 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP Percy, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,MARICOPA AGR CTR,37860 W SMITH ENKE RD,MARICOPA,AZ 85239, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 632 EP 633 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500061 ER PT J AU Sebesta, EE Hatchett, JH Friebe, B Gill, BS Cox, TS Sears, RG AF Sebesta, EE Hatchett, JH Friebe, B Gill, BS Cox, TS Sears, RG TI Registration of KS92WGRC17, KS92WGRC18, KS92WGRC19, and KS92WGRC20 winter wheat germplasms resistant to Hessian fly SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,STILLWATER,OK. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 635 EP 635 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500065 ER PT J AU Roberts, JJ Johnson, JW Long, DL Fowler, HA Cunfer, BM Bland, DE AF Roberts, JJ Johnson, JW Long, DL Fowler, HA Cunfer, BM Bland, DE TI Registration of 12 winter wheat germplasm lines resistant to leaf rust: Ceruga-7 to Ceruga-18 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. USDA ARS,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 636 EP 636 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU905 UT WOS:A1997WU90500066 ER PT J AU DiezGonzalez, F Russell, JB Hunter, JB AF DiezGonzalez, F Russell, JB Hunter, JB TI NAD-independent lactate and butyryl-CoA dehydrogenases of Clostridium acetobutylicum P262 SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION; ACETATE AB Clostridium acetobutylicum P262 cells that were growing on lactate and acetate had an NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenase (iLDH) activity of 200 nmol mg protein(-1) min(-1). Ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE cellulose caused a 35-fold purification. Gel filtration indicated that the iLDH had st molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa, but two bands were always observed. Phenyl sepharose could not separate the two proteins, and hydroxyapatite caused a complete loss of activity. The semi-purified iLDH had a V-max of 13,000 nmol mg protein(-1) min(-1) and a K-m value of 3.5 mM for D-lactate. The V-max and K-m values for L-lactate were 300 nmol mg protein(-1) min(-1) and 0.7 mM. The iLDH had a pH optimum of 7.5, was not activated by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FDP), and could be coupled to either 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) or dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP), but not methyl viologen (MV) or benzyl viologen (BV). The iLDH did not have strong absorbance between 500 and 300 nm, and trichloroacetic acid or acid ammonium sulfate extracts had virtually no fluorescence at 450 nm. The crude extracts also had MTT-linked butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity (60 nmol mg protein(-1) min(-1)). The NAD-independent butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase eluted from DEAE-cellulose as two fractions. The yellow fraction was extremely unstable, but the green fraction could be stored for shea periods of time at 5 degrees C. The green-colored butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase had strong absorption at 450 nm, and gel filtration indicated that it had a molecular weight of 90 kDa. The NAD-independent butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase could be coupled to MTT, DCPIP, or MV, but not BV. Because the NAD-independent lactate and butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase could both be linked to low potential carriers, these two enzymes may function as oxidation-reduction system in vivo. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 34 IS 3 BP 162 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s002849900162 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WH808 UT WOS:A1997WH80800006 PM 9009069 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ AF Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ TI Alternative fuels in the gastrointestinal tract SO CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; DIETARY NUCLEOTIDES; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; BOWEL RESECTION; METABOLISM; RATS; GLUTAMINE; BUTYRATE; CELLS; INDUCTION AB Recent work emphasizes the critical role played by the mucosa in a number of nutritionally important biosyntheses. This literature raises important questions regarding conditionally essential amino acid nutrition in intestinal disease. Further, it is becoming clear that from a metabolic perspective enteral and systemic amino acids may suffer radically different fates in the mucosal enterocyte, It is unclear, however, whether the effects of glutamine, generally accepted as beneficial, reflect its role in mucosal energetics, as often implied in the literature, or whether glutamine has more specific effects, On the other hand, although butyrate is an important potential fuel for the mucosal cells, it plays a more complex and specific role in the regulation of proliferative activity and differentiation in normal and neoplastic enterocytes. The mechanisms underlying the trophic effects of nucleotides remain obscure, but in our opinion do not reflect their role as potential precursors for nucleic acid synthesis, Recent advances in isotopic techniques now allow the complex metabolic issues to be addressed, and our increasing understanding of gene regulation in the intestinal mucosa should allow the unequivocal identification of specific effecters at the molecular level. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,1100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0267-1379 J9 CURR OPIN GASTROEN JI Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1097/00001574-199703000-00015 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA WW469 UT WOS:A1997WW46900015 ER PT J AU Dyer, CJ Simmons, JM Matteri, RL Keisler, DH AF Dyer, CJ Simmons, JM Matteri, RL Keisler, DH TI Leptin receptor mRNA is expressed in ewe anterior pituitary and adipose tissues and is differentially expressed in hypothalamic regions of well-fed and feed-restricted ewes SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; OBESE GENE-PRODUCT; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; RATS; LESIONS; MOUSE; WHITE AB Infertility associated with suboptimal nutrition is a major concern among livestock producers. Recently, much effort has been put into understanding the role of the protein leptin in regulating feed intake and reproduction. Leptin, produced by adipocytes, has receptors in the hypothalamus, but more precise locations of leptin receptor-expressing cell bodies have not been reported in a livestock species. The leptin receptor transcript has several splice variants in the mouse and human, but only the ''long-form'' product (OBRL) is capable of signal transduction. A partial ovine long-form leptin receptor cDNA was cloned and used to evaluate OBRL mRNA expression within hypothalamic, anterior pituitary, and adipose tissues of ovariectomized adult ewes. Expression was detected in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products of all tissues examined. OBRL, mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization in the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus. In ewes that had been feed restricted for 3 wk before tissue collection, the expression of OBRL mRNA in these areas was greater (P<0.05) than that found in well-fed ewes. These findings provide evidence that the full-length leptin receptor is expressed in hypothalamic, anterior pituitary, and adipose tissue (the latter proffering an autoregulatory mechanism for leptin) and that within the hypothalamus, this receptor form is differentially expressed in well-fed vs. feed-restricted animals. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT ANIM SCI, ANIM SCI RES CTR 160, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. AGR RES SERV, ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT, USDA, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 35 TC 165 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 EI 1879-0054 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 14 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(96)00119-1 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WL627 UT WOS:A1997WL62700005 PM 9063654 ER PT J AU Leach, RM Sokol, C McMurtry, JP AF Leach, RM Sokol, C McMurtry, JP TI Immunolocalization of basic fibroblast growth factor in porcine epiphyseal growth plate SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BONE-GROWTH; ACHONDROPLASIA; CHONDROCYTES; CARTILAGE; MUTATIONS AB Recent evidence clearly indicates that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) signal transduction is essential for normal skeletal development. Here, we report that bFGF and its receptor are specifically localized in the terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes of the porcine epiphyseal growth plate, the tissue responsible for longitudinal bone growth. Similar observations were obtained with the chondrocytes immediately adjacent to resorbing blood vessels in the secondary center of ossification of the epiphysis. These results are consistent with a recent proposal that bFGF functions in coupling osteogenesis with chondrogenesis by attracting the vascular invasion of cartilage from adjacent trabecular bone. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. C1 AGR RES SERV,USDA,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Leach, RM (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,213 HENNING BLDG,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 14 IS 2 BP 129 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(96)00120-8 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WL627 UT WOS:A1997WL62700006 PM 9063655 ER PT J AU Thurow, RF AF Thurow, RF TI Habitat utilization and Diel behavior of juvenile bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) at the onset of winter SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE habitat utilization; diel behavior; bull trout ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; 2 IDAHO STREAMS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; STEELHEAD TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; SMALL RIVER; SELECTION; MICROHABITAT; TEMPERATURE; FONTINALIS AB Underwater observations were used to describe habitat use and diel behavior of juvenile bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) at the onset of winter (0.8 degrees C) in a second-order central Idaho stream. All fish observed during daytime counts were concealed beneath ''home stones'' (mean dimensions 32.3 by 21.9 cm) in primarily pool and run habitats. Focal point depths and velocities averaged 57.2 cm and 4.7 cm/s (home stone removed). Fish maintained stations over substrate with low percentages of fine (<2 mm, mean=5.2%) sediment. Concealed bull trout were not evenly distributed across the stream channel. Significantly more home stones were distributed near the midline of the channel, compared to the channel margins. Fish size was positively correlated with home stone size. At night, bull trout exhibited a diel behavioral shift, some fish moved out of daytime concealment cover into the water column. At night, bull trout were observed feeding and resting primarily in pool and run habitats. During both day and night, bull trout used riffles significantly less frequently than those habitats were available. RP Thurow, RF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,316 E MYRTLE,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD MAR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.1997.tb00136.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA XL314 UT WOS:A1997XL31400001 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Chauvin, RL Hinojosa, T Larson, D Murphy, C Biever, KD AF Horton, DR Chauvin, RL Hinojosa, T Larson, D Murphy, C Biever, KD TI Mechanisms of resistance to Colorado potato beetle in several potato lines and correlation with defoliation SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE plant resistance; antibiosis; consumption; defoliation; glycoalkaloids ID SOLANUM-CHACOENSE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PLANTS; GLYCOALKALOIDS; COVARIANCE AB Eight potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) lines and a control (cv. Russet Burbank) were screened for suitability to Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Chrysomelidae), and for defoliation levels in the field to determine whether laboratory-obtained measures of performance are useful for predicting defoliation. Several lines caused reduced larval growth rates and survival compared to the control. Forty-eight hour weight gains by fourth instar larvae, after adjustment for consumption rates, were reduced on three lines, suggesting that these lines had antibiosis-like effects. Lines having very low suitability in the laboratory showed very low defoliation levels in the field, whereas lines that were highly suitable in the laboratory tended to suffer extensive defoliation in the field. Correlation analyses suggested that fourth instar growth rates or larval survival rates are useful measures for predicting defoliation in the field. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,5230 KONNOWAC PASS RD,WAPATO,WA 98951, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 82 IS 3 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1997.00136.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WV481 UT WOS:A1997WV48100001 ER PT J AU Clement, SL Wilson, AD Lester, DG Davitt, CM AF Clement, SL Wilson, AD Lester, DG Davitt, CM TI Fungal endophytes of wild barley and their effects on Diuraphis noxia population development SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Hordeum brevisubulatum subsp violaceum; Hordeum bogdanii; Neotyphodium (Acremonium) fungi; Diuraphis noxia; Russian wheat aphid; plant resistance; wild barley; alkaloids ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; TALL FESCUE; RESISTANCE; LOLINE AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the expression of Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) resistance in four plant introduction (PI) lines of wild barley (Hordeum) infected with different species or strains of endophytic fungi (tribe Balansieae, family Clavicipitaceae, Neotyphodium gen. nov. [formerly Acremonium]). Aphid densities were significantly lower on endophyte-infected plants of PI 314696 (H. bogdanii Wilensky) and PI 440420 (H. brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum (Boissier & Hohenacker)), compared with densities on endophyte-free plants of both PI lines in population growth experiments. This endophyte-associated resistance was the result of antibiosis effects or starvation. In other experiments, endophyte-free plants of PI 269406 and PI 440413 (H. bogdanii) were not superior to endophyte-infected conspecifics as host plants of D. noxia. Our results demonstrate the influence of host plant species/genotype and endophyte species/strain on expression of aphid resistance, provide an explanation of the high levels of D. noxia resistance in PI 314696 and PI 440420 previously reported in the literature, and underscore the potential importance of endophytic fungi in conferring insect resistance in wild barley. C1 USDA,FS,SO HARDWOODS LAB FOREST INSECT & DIS RES,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Clement, SL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GERMPLASM INTRODUCT & TESTING RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. RI Wilson, Alphus/Q-2137-2015 OI Wilson, Alphus/0000-0003-2352-5232 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 82 IS 3 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1997.00141.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WV481 UT WOS:A1997WV48100006 ER PT J AU Schroder, RFW Sidor, AM AF Schroder, RFW Sidor, AM TI Establishment of Aleiodes (equals Rogas) indiscretus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an introduced parasite of the gypsy moth in North America SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Aleiodes indiscretus (Reardon);, an introduced braconid endoparasite released as a part of the gypsy moth biological control program, was recovered from Dasychira basiflava larvae collected in 1994 at Brandywine, Prince Georges County, Maryland. This confirms establishment of the parasite for the first time in North America. RP Schroder, RFW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 108 IS 2 BP 148 EP 150 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WX910 UT WOS:A1997WX91000012 ER PT J AU Schnabel, RR Shaffer, JA Stout, WL Cornish, LF AF Schnabel, RR Shaffer, JA Stout, WL Cornish, LF TI Denitrification distributions in four valley and ridge riparian ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE denitrification; riparian ecosystems ID GROUNDWATER NITRATE; COASTAL-PLAIN; BUFFER STRIPS; FOREST; DYNAMICS; WATERSHEDS; PERCOLATE; QUALITY; INPUTS; SYSTEM AB Denitrification in riparian ecosystems can reduce the amount of nitrogen transported from farm fields to streams. In this study, we examine denitrification in lour riparian ecosystems common to the Valley and Ridge physiographic province in Pennsylvania, USA. The sites exhibit different vegetation, are underlain by different rock types, and are downgradient of farm fields. Mean site denitrification rates ranging from 0.6 to 1.9 mu g N/kg soil/day were measured using intact core incubation techniques. The three riparian sites covered with grass each exhibited greater denitrification rates than the wooded site. Denitrification rate was correlated with moisture content but not with nitrate-N or organic carbon contents. Denitrification rates were greatest near the soil surface and at positions nearest the stream. Rates decreased uniformly with distance away from the stream and also with depth in the soil for each site. While patterns oi nitrate-N, moisture, and organic carbon content differ among the sites, their combined effects on denitrification support the observed, consistent denitrification rate pattern. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Schnabel, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT LAB,CURTIN RD,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 21 IS 2 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s002679900027 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WH932 UT WOS:A1997WH93200015 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD AF Lemly, AD TI Role of season in aquatic hazard assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; FAT-CONTENT; SURVIVAL; STRESS; FISHES; SIZE AB This paper discusses the potential for time of year to influence the outcome of aquatic hazard assessments. Exposure of fish to contaminants under winter conditions can cause them to develop Wi,ter Stress Syndrome (WSS). Substantial mortality can result, potentially changing year-class strength and population structure of the affected species, and altering community-level ecological interactions. Aquatic contaminants should be evaluated in the context of seasonal metabolic changes that normally occur in test organisms. WSS could be an important, but as yet unquantified, cause of mortality in many circumstances. Wastewater discharges may pose a greater toxic threat to fish during winter than at other times of the year. A comprehensive protocol for aquatic hazard assessment should include testing for WSS. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI,US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XC013 UT WOS:A1997XC01300007 ER PT J AU Wu, L Guo, X Banuelos, GS AF Wu, L Guo, X Banuelos, GS TI Accumulation of seleno-amino acids in legume and grass plant species grown in selenium-laden soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE plants; selenium-laden soils; seleno-amino acid accumulation ID WHITE CLOVER; TOLERANCE; TOXICITY; SALINITY; WATER AB Seleno-amino acid accumulation was studied for two legume and two grass species grown in Selenium (Se)-laden soils. An antagonistic relationship was found between the tissue Se-amino acid concentration and the corresponding sulfur-amino acid concentration. This relationship demonstrates a competitive interaction between Se and sulfate at the amino acid synthesis level. The nonsulfur-containing amino acids were not substantially affected by the increase of tissue Se concentration. Sour clover (Melilotus indica L.) was able to accumulate much greater tissue Se concentration than the other three species. Tissue methionine concentration of sour clover, rabbitfoot grass (Polypogon monspeliensis L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was not significantly affected by the increase of tissue selenomethionine concentration, but a highly significant negative correlation was found in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). This discrepancy suggests that a less antagonistic effect on sulfur-amino acids under the increase of Se-amino acid analogues in the tissue might be able to minimize Se toxicity to the plant. Both Se-methylselenocysteine (nonprotein amino acid) and selenomethionine (protein amino acid) accumulated in the plants when grown in Se-laden soils. Possible effects of these Se-amino acids accumulated by plants on animal health should be tested before the plants are used for forage supplementation. C1 USDA,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. RP Wu, L (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM HORT,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<0491:AOSAAI>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WN508 UT WOS:A1997WN50800014 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Pastore, M Vibio, M Danielli, A Attathorn, S Davis, RE Bertaccini, A AF Lee, IM Pastore, M Vibio, M Danielli, A Attathorn, S Davis, RE Bertaccini, A TI Detection and characterization of a Phytoplasma associated with annual blue grass (Poa annua) white leaf disease in southern Italy SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoplasma 16S rRNA group; rice yellow dwarf phytoplasma; sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma ID MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; 16S RDNA; CLASSIFICATION; DNA AB A phytoplasma was detected in annual blue grass (Pea annua L. Fienardo), exhibiting white leaf symptoms, that was grown in the fields near Caserta in southern Italy. Based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences, the phytoplasma associated with annual blue grass white leaf disease was identified as a new member of phytoplasma 16S rRNA group XI (16SrXI) (type strain, rice yellow dwarf phytoplasma). The annual blue grass white leaf phytoplasma is most closely related to Bermuda grass white leaf phytoplasma found in Asia. Annul blue grass white leaf and Bermuda grass white leaf phytoplasmas were designated as the third subgroup (16SrXI-C) of group XI. This is the first report that a plant pathogenic phytoplasma belonging to group 16SrXI is present on the European continent. C1 IST SPERIMENTALE FRUTTICOLTURA,I-81100 CASERTA,ITALY. UNIV BOLOGNA,IST PATOL VEGETALE,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. KASETSART UNIV,PLANT GENET ENGN UNIT,NAKHON PATHOM 73140,THAILAND. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS,MOL PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI DANIELLI, ALBERTO/0000-0002-9414-9898 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 103 IS 3 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1023/A:1008697928744 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XC041 UT WOS:A1997XC04100006 ER PT J AU Wells, JE Krause, DO Callaway, TR Russell, JB AF Wells, JE Krause, DO Callaway, TR Russell, JB TI A bacteriocin-mediated antagonism by ruminal lactobacilli against Streptococcus bovis SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rumen; pH; lactobacilli; Streptococcus bovis; bacteriocin ID RUMEN; IONOPHORES; PH AB Cattle that were fed an all forage diet had higher numbers of S. bovis than lactobacilli (3 x 10(7) versus 4 x 10(3)). Gradual adaptation of the cattle to 80% cereal grain caused only a modest decline in ruminal pH (always greater than or equal to 5.6), but there was a dramatic decrease in S. bovis and an increase in lactobacilli. The lactobacilli were more resistant to low pH than the S. bovis isolates, but pH alone could nor explain the antagonism between ruminal S. bovis and lactobacilli. The ruminal lactobacilli were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum, a bacterium that produces a bacteriocin. Agar overlays, zones of clearing and batch culture growth experiments supported the hypothesis that L. fermentum was producing a bacteriocin that inhibited the growth of S. bovis in the rumen. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. ARS,USDA,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 22 IS 3 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0168-6496(96)00095-5 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WN966 UT WOS:A1997WN96600009 ER PT J AU Mitchell, ER Hu, GY Okine, JS AF Mitchell, ER Hu, GY Okine, JS TI Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) infestation and parasitism by Diadeagma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in collards and adjacent cabbage fields SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Plutella xylostella; conura side; Spilochalcis; population regulation; Brassica oleracea ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE AB Two rows of collard greens (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) were planted between two cabbage fields in bunnell, Flagler County, Florida in spring 1995. More larvae of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), were found on collard plants than on cabbage plants in the adjacent fields. The parasitism rate of DBM larvae collected from the collard plants reached 72% in early May and was higher than for larvae collected from the cabbage plants in adjacent fields. Parasitoids recovered from DBM larvae were mainly Diadegma insulare (Cresson). The damage to collard plants caused by DBM larvae was greater than on cabbage plants. At harvest, there was no significant difference in damage ratings of cabbage heads sampled near the middle of the field and damage to heads on rows nearest the collards. The results suggest that collard may have potential as a trap crop of DBM in cabbage fields, and that collard can play an important role in maintenance of the natural enemy, D. insulare. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Mitchell, ER (reprint author), ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,USDA,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.2307/3495976 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP678 UT WOS:A1997WP67800007 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB AF Thomas, DB TI Degree-day accumulations and seasonal duration of the pre-imaginal stages of the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE degree-days; population model; citrus pest; diapause; Anastrepha ludens ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA DIPTERA; APPLE MAGGOT; EMERGENCE; RATES AB Degree-day accumulations and puparial duration of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), in the field was found to fit closely with a degree-day accumulation model developed by Leyva-Vazquez (1988) with laboratory data. Larval development time was more variable, however, and did not agree well with the laboratory based degree-day model. This may have been caused by a tendency of the larvae to remain in the fruit beyond the necessary development time and for subsequent egression to be spread over a period of weeks. Duration of the pre-imaginal stages is strongly a function of season. The puparial stage may be prolonged up to three months in the winter or be as brief as three weeks in the summer. There was no evidence of a winter diapause. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2301 SO INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.2307/3495978 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP678 UT WOS:A1997WP67800009 ER PT J AU Gould, WP Hennessey, MK AF Gould, WP Hennessey, MK TI Mortality of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) in carambolas treated with cold water precooling and cold storage SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Caribbean fruit fly; Anastrepha suspensa; commodity treatment; cold storage ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; DROSOPHILA; SHOCK AB The Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), is a pest of quarantine significance of carambolas. The fruits are subjected to cold storage quarantine treatment when shipped to areas outside of the known range and where the fly could survive. In this study, rapid cooling in cold water increased mortality of Caribbean fruit fly larvae in carambolas over passive air cooling. Air-cooled carambolas required more than 24 h to cool to the treatment temperature of 1.1 degrees C, while water-cooled fruits required only about 45 min. After 1 day, Anastrepha suspensa larvae had greater than 65% mortality in water-cooled carambolas, while mortality of larvae in air-cooled fruits was only 20%. Mortality of larvae in water-cooled fruits was 98% at 4 days, and 100% (1,900 larvae treated) after 9 days. Twenty six larvae were recovered from air-cooled fruits after 4 days (1,900 larvae treated), and one larva after 11 days of treatment. Larval mortality from cold-water-treated fruit reached probit 9 in 8 days, about 2/3 the time (13 days) required for the same level of mortality of larvae in air-cooled fruits. This difference in mortality is probably due to the rapidity of the cooling. It may be possible to use this modification to shorten the current cold treatment of 12 days at 1.1 degrees C for Florida carambolas. RP Gould, WP (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.2307/3495979 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP678 UT WOS:A1997WP67800010 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Banks, WA Lofgren, CS AF Williams, DF Banks, WA Lofgren, CS TI Control of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with teflubenzuron SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED FIRE ANTS; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; FENOXYCARB; MANAGEMENT AB Teflubenzuron baits were active against laboratory colonies of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Worker brood production ceased soon after treatment and by four weeks posttreatment, most colonies were devoid of brood. Worker ants did not exhibit any direct effects from treatment with teflubenzuron. As is typical with most insect growth regulators, colony mortality was slow and dependent on old-age attrition of the worker ants. A few (<25) female alates were produced in one of the laboratory colonies at 12 weeks posttreatment. The teflubenzuron baits reduced field colonies of S. invicta by 75-79% within 6 weeks after treatment, 83-86% within 13 weeks, and 77-91% within 17 weeks. At 17 weeks posttreatment, the presence of worker brood in the plots treated with the lower rates, 0.1125% and 0.0225%, gave evidence of recovery of some colonies. However, the results of the field tests indicate that teflubenzuron has excellent potential for control of field populations of S. invicta. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.2307/3495980 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP678 UT WOS:A1997WP67800011 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM Bennett, GA Richard, JL AF Maragos, CM Bennett, GA Richard, JL TI Affinity column clean-up for the analysis of fumonisins and their hydrolysis products in corn SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisins; corn; clean-up; affinity column; analysis; monoclonal antibody ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; B-1; FOODS; QUANTITATION; MONILIFORME; IMMUNOASSAY; MYCOTOXINS; FEEDS AB Fumonisins, toxic metabolites of certain Fusarium molds, can be found in corn and corn-based foods at levels sufficient to cause disease in livestock. Widely used methods of analysis involve organic extraction followed by isolation with either C-18 or strong anion exchange columns. An affinity column procedure that simultaneously isolated both intact and hydrolyzed fumonisins from corn is reported. The columns were prepared using two monoclonal antibodies with differing specificities, the first (P2A5-3-F3) bound intact fumonisins, while the second (P2F11-3-H7) bound their hydrolysis products. Corn samples were extracted with methanol/phosphate buffer (80:20, v:v) and the extract was diluted and applied to the affinity column. The recoveries of FBI from corn spiked with 0.5-8.0 ppm averaged 82%. The recoveries of HFB1 over the range 0.25-1.25 ppm averaged 102%. Affinity columns capable of binding both intact and hydrolyzed fumonisins allow for the analysis of both types of toxins simultaneously from a single methanolic extract. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT, CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, USDA, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1080/09540109709354929 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA WV623 UT WOS:A1997WV62300001 ER PT J AU Holtzapple, CK Buckley, SA Stanker, LH AF Holtzapple, CK Buckley, SA Stanker, LH TI Development of antibodies against the fluoroquinolone sarafloxacin and molecular modeling studies of cross-reactive compounds SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sarafloxacin; fluoroquinolone; antibiotics; ELISA; immunoassay; molecular modeling ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEIN ANTIGENS; CATIONIZATION; URINE AB Polyclonal antibodies were prepared against the fluoroquinolone sarafloxacin. Sarafloxacin was conjugated directly to cationized bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin. Balb/c mice were immunized with the sarafloxacin-BSA conjugate (cBSA-saraflox) and sarafloxacin-reactive sera (1-5) were obtained from these mice. Serum from mouse 1 (Ab1) exhibited the lowest IC50 for free sarafloxacin using an indirect competitive inhibition ELISA (ci-ELISA). Other structurally related quinolones, including difloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, trovafloxacin and nalidixic acid, demonstrated cross-reactivity with the sarafloxacin antibodies as determined by ci-ELISA. ln an effort to correlate antibody binding with three-dimensional properties of the cross-reactive compounds, all of the fluoroquinolones as well as nalidixic acid were modeled, and global energy minima were determined using molecular mechanical and quantum mechanical methods. The results demonstrate that the three-dimensional models can yield information that explains observed cross-reactivity data. These models are particularly helpful when the chemical structure of an analog varies greatly from the immunogen yet the IC50 value for the compound is not vastly different. Furthermore, conformational and electronic data from this study can be used to predict whether other fluoroquinolones will exhibit good cross-reactivity in this ELISA. RP Holtzapple, CK (reprint author), ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,USDA,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1080/09540109709354930 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA WV623 UT WOS:A1997WV62300002 ER PT J AU Vick, CB Okkonen, EA AF Vick, CB Okkonen, EA TI Structurally durable epoxy bonds to aircraft woods SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The lack of structural durability of epoxy bonds to wood has always been a problem for fabricators of adhesive-bonded wood products intended for service in exterior environments. Although epoxy adhesives develop dry shear strengths that exceed the strength of wood itself, the epoxy bonds fail in delamination once exposed to the severe stresses of water soaking and drying. Recent research at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) demonstrated that a hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) coupling agent physicochemically couples to both epoxy adhesive and lignocellulosics of wood to produce bonds of extraordinary structural durability. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate how HMR enhanced adhesion of three epoxy adhesive formulations (based on diglycidylether of bisphenol-A resin) on two softwood and two hardwood species commonly used to construct aircraft components. A new FPL formulation met requirements for resistance to delamination, shear, and deformation in HMR-primed lumber joints on all four species of wood, in accordance with ASTM Specification D 2559. Two commercial formulations performed well in tests of resistance to delamination and shear on three woods of moderate density, but failed requirements on high-density yellow birch. Without an HMR coupling agent, none of the epoxy formulations had sufficient resistance to delamination to meet ASTM requirements on any of the species tested. RP Vick, CB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA WQ155 UT WOS:A1997WQ15500020 ER PT J AU Nichols, BL Dudley, MA Nichols, VN Putman, M Avery, SE Fraley, JK Quaroni, A Shiner, M Carrazza, FR AF Nichols, BL Dudley, MA Nichols, VN Putman, M Avery, SE Fraley, JK Quaroni, A Shiner, M Carrazza, FR TI Effects of malnutrition on expression and activity of lactase in children SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADULT-TYPE HYPOLACTASIA; PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITIES; CHRONIC DIARRHEA; PHLORIZIN HYDROLASE; INTESTINAL LACTASE; ABSORPTION; INFANTS; MALABSORPTION AB Background & Aims: Many malnourished infants have reduced lactase specific activity in the small intestine. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the hypolactasia of malnourished infants results from transcriptional suppression of lactase expression. Methods: Biopsy specimens were studied from two groups of infants: 29 with malnutrition and 10 normally nourished controls with normal morphology and lactase activity. Results: In malnourished infants, lactase messenger RNA (mRNA) was reduced to 32% and sucrase to 61% of normal. Lactase and sucrase enzyme proteins and activities were lower in malnourished infants, and partial villus atrophy was present. The genotype of adult hypolactasia was not present. Conclusions: Because the hypolactasia of malnourished children was associated with much lower lactase than sucrase mRNA abundance and because the epigenetic suppression, which accounted for the reduction of sucrase mRNA, was inadequate to explain the greater reduction of lactase mRNA, this study concludes that malnutrition suppresses lactase gene transcription or mRNA stability in infants. The reductions of lactase mRNA, distinct from those found in adults with genetic hypolactasia, explain the low lactase activities commonly found in malnourished infants. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY. TEL AVIV UNIV,ASSAF HAROFEH HOSP,SACKLER SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. UNIV SAO PAULO,HOSP CLIN,FAC MED,INST CRIANCA,DEPT PEDIAT,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RP Nichols, BL (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 52 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD MAR PY 1997 VL 112 IS 3 BP 742 EP 751 DI 10.1053/gast.1997.v112.pm9041235 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA WL743 UT WOS:A1997WL74300014 PM 9041235 ER PT J AU Kappes, SM Keele, JW Stone, RT Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL McGraw, RA LopezCorrales, NL Beattie, CW AF Kappes, SM Keele, JW Stone, RT Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL McGraw, RA LopezCorrales, NL Beattie, CW TI A second-generation linkage map of the bovine genome SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT POLYMORPHISMS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; OVINE MICROSATELLITES; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; PORCINE GENOME; PHYSICAL MAP; CATTLE; GENE; SHEEP; MARKERS AB We report a bovine linkage map constructed with 1236 polymorphic DNA markers and 14 erythrocyte antigens and serum proteins. The 2990-cM map consists of a sex-specific, X chromosome linkage group and 29 sex-averaged, autosomal linkage groups with an average interval size of 2.5 cM. The map contains 627 new markers and 623 previously linked markers, providing a basis for integrating the four published bovine maps. Orientation and chromosomal assignment of all the linkage groups, except BTA20 and BTA22, was provided by 88 markers that were assigned previously to chromosomes. This map provides sufficient marker density for genomic scans of populations segregating quantitative trait loci (QTL) and subsequent implementation of marker-assisted selection (MAS) mating schemes. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Kappes, SM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 108 TC 414 Z9 431 U1 3 U2 20 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 1054-9803 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 235 EP 249 DI 10.1101/gr.7.3.235 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA WN594 UT WOS:A1997WN59400005 PM 9074927 ER PT J AU Mosier, AR Parton, WJ Valentine, DW Ojima, DS Schimel, DS Heinemeyer, O AF Mosier, AR Parton, WJ Valentine, DW Ojima, DS Schimel, DS Heinemeyer, O TI CH4 and N2O fluxes in the Colorado shortgrass steppe .2. Long-term impact of land use change SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; METHANE; CARBON AB As part of a weekly, year-round program to measure the soil-atmosphere exchange of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in a shortgrass steppe, we examined the impact of land use change on these fluxes from 1992 through 1995, We found that conversion of grassland to croplands typically decreased the soil consumption of atmospheric CH, and increased the emission of N2O. Mean annual CH4 consumption and N2O efflux over 3 years in native grasslands were 35 mu g C m(-2) hr(-1) and 1.9 mu g N m(-2) hr(-1), respectively. Immediately after tilling a native grassland site, CH4 consumption decreased by about 35% and remained at these lower rates for the next 3 years. Although N2O fluxes were about 8 times higher for 18 months following plowing, the relative rates declined to 25-50% higher than the native site after 3 years. Grasslands converted to a winter wheat-fallow production system about 70 years ago consumed about 25% less CH4 than a newly plowed site, while N2O emissions 2 years after plowing were similar to the wheat fields. During the fallow periods when soils were typically wetter and mineralized N accumulated, CH4 uptake rates were lower and N2O emissions were higher than the correspondingly active wheat fields. A wheat field that was reverted back to grassland in 1987 through the conservation reserve program (CRP) continued to exhibit annual CH4 uptake and N2O emission rates similar to the wheat fields. Winter N2O emissions were, however, much higher in the CRP because of greater snow accumulation and winter denitrification events. Another wheat field that was returned to grassland in 1939 exhibited the same CH4 and N2O flux rates as comparable native pastures. C1 FAL,BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY. COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. RP Mosier, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 24 TC 97 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1029/96GB03612 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WL541 UT WOS:A1997WL54100003 ER PT J AU Vagnoni, DB Broderick, GA Muck, RE AF Vagnoni, DB Broderick, GA Muck, RE TI Preservation of protein in wilted lucerne using formic, sulphuric or trichloroacetic acid SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA SILAGE; DAIRY-COWS; ANIMAL PERFORMANCE; SOLE FORAGE; PROTEOLYSIS; RUMEN; FORMALDEHYDE; HEAT AB A laboratory-scale experiment was conducted with lucerne (Medicago sativa) to determine the effects of acid treatment on proteolysis during ensiling and during subsequent in vitro ruminal protein incubations. Lucerne [300 g dry matter (DM) kg(-1) forage] was either untreated (control) or treated with sulphuric, formic or trichloroacetic acid (a protein precipitant that stops enzyme activity) at levels sufficient to adjust immediately forage pH to 4.0, then conserved as either silage or hay. Timecourse data indicated that non-protein nitrogen (N) formation was 70-90% complete after 1 d of fermentation in the silo. Non-protein N concentrations (g kg(-1) total N) were 177 at ensiling and increased to 567 (control), 426 (sulphuric), 398 (formic) and 263 (trichloroacetic) after 60 d of ensiling. Because non-protein N in silage treated with formic and sulphuric acids was nearly three times greater than that in silage treated with trichloroacetic acid, it is clear that the typical acid treatments only slow proteolysis and do not destroy protease activity during ensiling. The ruminal protein degradation rate of conserved forages was slower than that of fresh-cut forage that was preserved with dry ice immediately after cutting. The degradation rate of all acid-treated forages was similar, indicating a consistent effect on ruminal degradation regardless of method of preservation. There was a clear effect of acid treatment on reducing the rate and extent of ruminal degradation of protein in lucerne hay. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2494.1997.00048.x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XF337 UT WOS:A1997XF33700002 ER PT J AU Haack, RA Lawrence, RK AF Haack, RA Lawrence, RK TI Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) reproduction and behavior on Scotch pine Christmas trees taken indoors SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID COL AB Tomicus piniperda, the pine shoot beetle, is an exotic insect that was first found in North America in 1992. A federal quarantine currently restricts movement of pine products, including Christmas trees, from infested to uninfested counties. We conducted a study to determine if T. piniperda would reproduce in Christmas trees that were cut and taken indoors during the Christmas season. Twelve Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris, Christmas trees infested with overwintering T. piniperda beetles were cut in Indiana in early December 1993 and taken to Michigan. Four trees were dissected immediately, while the other 8 trees were taken indoors, placed in tree stands, and watered regularly. After 4 weeks indoors, 4 trees were dissected, and the other 4 were placed outdoors in Michigan for 7 weeks. Upon dissection, all overwintering sites occurred along the lower trunk within the first 40 cm of the soil line; 81% were found within 10 cm of the soil line. Adults collected from the 4 trees dissected in December produced viable progeny adults when placed on Scotch pine logs in the laboratory. Overwintering beetles became active and laid eggs in 4 of the 8 trees that had been taken indoors. All adults and progeny found in the 4 trees that had been placed outdoors for 7 weeks during cold January and February temperatures were dead. Overall, T. piniperda can become active and breed in Christmas trees that are cut and taken indoors in December. Tomicus piniperda survival in trees that are discarded outdoors at the end of the Christmas season will depend largely on the prevailing temperatures. RP Haack, RA (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1407 S HARRISON RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD SPR-SUM PY 1997 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 31 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YF499 UT WOS:A1997YF49900002 ER PT J AU Selhub, J AF Selhub, J TI Mild hyperhomocysteinemia and arterial occlusive disease SO HAEMATOLOGICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID BETA-SYNTHASE DEFICIENCY; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLIC-ACID; VASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; RISK FACTOR; HOMOCYST(E)INE; CYSTATHIONINE; VITAMIN-B12; METABOLISM RP Selhub, J (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSIERO SCIENTIFICO EDITOR PI ROME PA VIA BRADANO 3/C, 00199 ROME, ITALY SN 0390-6078 J9 HAEMATOLOGICA JI Haematologica PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 82 IS 2 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA WZ668 UT WOS:A1997WZ66800001 PM 9175312 ER PT J AU Christiansen, AW AF Christiansen, AW TI Effect of overdrying on toughness of yellow-poplar veneer SO HOLZ ALS ROH-UND WERKSTOFF LA English DT Article ID PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE ADHESIVES AB The mechanical integrity of wood contributes to adhesive bond integrity. Toughness is the mechanical property most sensitive to thermal treatment. In this study, the toughness of yellow-poplar veneer was measured on specimens overdried at 170 degrees C, 195 degrees C, and 220 degrees C. Heating at 170 degrees C for as long as 224 min decreased toughness slightly; higher temperatures had a greater effect. In comparing toughness values to values of other properties obtained previously, there were moderate correlations to post-treatment equilibrium moisture content, light reflectance, and loss of wood mass. RP Christiansen, AW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0018-3768 J9 HOLZ ROH WERKST JI Holz Als Roh-und Werkst. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1007/BF02990519 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA WR419 UT WOS:A1997WR41900003 ER PT J AU Breon, FM Vanderbilt, V Leroy, M Bicheron, P Walthall, CL Kalshoven, JE AF Breon, FM Vanderbilt, V Leroy, M Bicheron, P Walthall, CL Kalshoven, JE TI Evidence of hot spot directional signature from airborne POLDER measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; FOREST CANOPIES; VEGETATION CANOPIES; PHYSICAL MODEL; LEAF CANOPIES; INVERSION; DISTRIBUTIONS; VALIDATION; ASAS AB The POLDER instrument was down during the BOREAS experiment over various sites and at various altitudes in the canadian boreal forest and other nearby targets. The instrument design permits the acquisition of the directional signature of any surface cover. In particular, the high directional resolution of POLDER allows it to measure, with an unprecedented accuracy, the hot spot signature of natural targets. In this paper we present some typical examples of such highly anisotropic reflectance directional signatures. The ratio of the maximum reflectance (hot spot direction) to the minimum reflectance (broad area in the forward scattering hemisphere) varies with wavelength and canopy. It can be as large as six in the visible and three in the near IR. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. CNRS,CNES,UMR,UPS,CTR ETUD SPATIALES BIOSPHERE,F-31055 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. ARS,USDA,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,TERR PHYS LAB 924,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Breon, FM (reprint author), CEA,DSM,LMCE,LAB MODELIZAT CLIMAT & ENVIRONNEMENT,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. RI Breon, Francois-Marie/M-4639-2016 OI Breon, Francois-Marie/0000-0003-2128-739X NR 31 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1109/36.563289 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA WN531 UT WOS:A1997WN53100030 ER PT J AU Gause, WC Halvorson, MJ Lu, P Greenwald, R Linsley, P Urban, JF Finkelman, FD AF Gause, WC Halvorson, MJ Lu, P Greenwald, R Linsley, P Urban, JF Finkelman, FD TI The function of costimulatory molecules and the development of IL-4-producing T cells SO IMMUNOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID CD28-DEFICIENT MICE; COUNTER-RECEPTOR; LYMPHOCYTES-T; IN-VITRO; CTLA-4; B7-2; ACTIVATION; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION AB The development of IL-4-producing effector T cells during a type 2 immune response requires signaling through B7 ligands, but probably not CD40 ligands. Here, William Gause and colleagues review the still controversial role of CD28 and CTLA-4 on T cells, and B7-1 and B7-2 on antigen-presenting cells, and provide a model to incorporate recent findings. C1 BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB PHARMACEUT RES INST,DEPT CELLULAR IMMUNOL,SEATTLE,WA 98121. USDA ARS,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT MED,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31678] NR 47 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0167-5699 J9 IMMUNOL TODAY JI Immunol. Today PD MAR PY 1997 VL 18 IS 3 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0167-5699(97)01005-0 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA WK575 UT WOS:A1997WK57500006 PM 9078683 ER PT J AU Holfinger, MS Conner, AH Hill, CG AF Holfinger, MS Conner, AH Hill, CG TI Kinetic model for the acid-catalyzed formation of difurfuryldiamines from furfurylamine and aldehydes SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RENEWABLE SOURCES; DIISOCYANATES; POLYMERS; DIAMINES AB The effects of temperature, acid concentration, and reactant concentration on the rate of formation of difurfuryldiamines from the reactions of furfurylamine with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were experimentally investigated. On the basis of the data from these experiments, a semimechanistic reaction model network was proposed and a mathematical model which describes the observed kinetic behavior was derived. Rate constants for the model reactions were found to depend exponentially both on the reciprocal of the absolute temperature and on the acid concentration. The mathematical model predicts concentration versus time profiles for reactants, intermediate, and product for the reaction of furfurylamine and acetaldehyde under the following conditions: 20 degrees C < temperature < 50 degrees C, 3 M < nominal acid concentration < 6 M, 1.17 M < [furfurylamine] < 1.2 M, and 0.303 M < [acetaldehyde] < 1.17 M. For the reaction of furfurylamine with formaldehyde the model is applicable for 30 degrees C < temperature < 50 degrees C, 3 M < nominal acid concentration < 6 M, [furfurylamine] = 1.17 M, and [formaldehyde] = 0.58 M. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 605 EP 613 DI 10.1021/ie960359p PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA WL827 UT WOS:A1997WL82700012 ER PT J AU Holliday, RL King, JW List, GR AF Holliday, RL King, JW List, GR TI Hydrolysis of vegetable oils in sub- and supercritical water SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY; EXTRACTION AB Water, in its subcritical state, can be used as both a solvent and reactant for the hydrolysis of triglycerides. In this study, soybean, linseed, and coconut oils were successfully and reproducibly hydrolyzed to free fatty acids with water at a density of 0.7 g/mL and temperatures of 260-280 degrees C. Under these conditions the reaction proceeds quickly, with conversion of greater than 97% after 15-20 min. Some geometric isomerization of the linolenic acids was observed at reaction temperatures as low as 250 degrees C. Reactions carried out at higher temperatures and pressures, up to the critical point of water, produced either/or degradation, pyrolysis, and polymerization, of the oils and resultant fatty acids. RP Holliday, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 24 TC 125 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 932 EP 935 DI 10.1021/ie960668f PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA WL827 UT WOS:A1997WL82700049 ER PT J AU Brogden, K Clarke, C AF Brogden, K Clarke, C TI Increase of glycocalyx and altered lectin agglutination profiles of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 after incubation in bovine subcutaneous tissue chambers in vivo or in ruminant serum in vitro SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; BACTERIAL GLYCOCALYX; BINDING-PROTEIN; FEEDLOT CATTLE; SURFACE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PATHOGENESIS; SIALYLATION AB Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 (bovine strain OK) was incubated for 2 and 6 h in bovine subcutaneous tissue chambers in vivo, and ovine strain 82-25 and bovine strain L101 were incubated in vitro for 2 h in heat-inactivated ovine or bovine serum from which gamma globulin had been depleted by protein G affinity chromatography to assess changes in morphology and lectin agglutination profiles (strains 82-25 and L101 only), Cells, removed from chambers after 2 h, were covered with an extensive, dense glycocalyx extending approximately 0.5 mu m from the cell surface, In many cells, the glycocalyx was separated from the cell surface by a clear, electron-transparent area. Cells, removed at 6 h, were covered with a sparse glycocalyx of fine fibers 0.2 to 0.3 mu m from the cell surface, Strains 82-25 and L101, incubated for 2 h in heat-inactivated ovine or bovine serum or in heat-inactivated ovine or bovine serum depleted of gamma globulin by protein G affinity chromatography, were also covered with a glycocalyx, The glycocalyx did not bind protein A-colloidal gold and therefore did not contain aggregates of accumulated antibody, Strains 82-25 and L101 were incubated individually for 2 h in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) containing 0.14 M NaCl, 0.5 mM CaCl2, and 0.15 mM MgCl2 or with this buffer and either 25% heat-inactivated, gamma globulin-depleted ovine serum or 25% heat-inactivated, gamma globulin-depleted bovine serum, Agglutination profiles were then determined with 17 lectins in 10 mM HEPES-buffered saline (pH 8.4) with 0.1 mM CaCl2 and 0.08% sodium azide. Profiles did not vary with 10 of 17 lectins, However, profiles did vary with peanut agglutinin, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, Sophora japonica agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin II, Narcissus pseudonarcissus (daffodil) lectin, Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I, and Pisum sativum agglutinin. Altered profiles indicate a change in the bacterial cell surface, possibly by adsorption or alteration of surface carbohydrate moieties by serum constituents. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP Brogden, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,RESP DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 3 BP 957 EP 963 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WK953 UT WOS:A1997WK95300017 PM 9038303 ER PT J AU Green, F Kuster, TA Ferge, L Highley, TL AF Green, F Kuster, TA Ferge, L Highley, TL TI Protection of southern pine from fungal decay and termite damage with N,N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID BROWN-ROT FUNGI; OXALIC-ACID; CALCIUM-OXALATE; PECTIN; WOOD; TISSUE; BIRCH AB The design of environmentally benign methods for preserving wood in service requires an understanding of the precise sequence of the biochemical events that occur as wood is colonized. We hypothesize that in-situ precipitation of existing calcium ions in association with pectin in wood may prevent the cascade of biochemical events involved in fungal colonization. Preliminary experiments showed that pretreatment of wood blocks with the selective water-soluble calcium-precipitating agent N,N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine (NHA) inhibited decay caused by brown-rot and white-rot fungi as well as damage caused by eastern subterranean termites. Published by Elsevier Science Limited. RP Green, F (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 57 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(97)00011-5 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XR243 UT WOS:A1997XR24300003 ER PT J AU Green, F Highley, TL AF Green, F Highley, TL TI Mechanism of brown-rot decay: Paradigm or paradox SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; WOOD-ROTTING FUNGI; OXALIC-ACID; CELL-WALL; WHITE-ROT; CELLULOSE DEGRADATION; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; BASIDIOMYCETE FUNGI; CORIOLUS-VERSICOLOR; POSTIA-PLACENTA AB Interest in understanding how brown-rot fungi degrade wood has received increasing attention in recent years because of a need to identify novel targets that can be inhibited for the next generation of antifungal wood preservatives. Brown-rot fungi are unique in that they can degrade holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) in wood without first removing the lignin. Furthermore, they degrade holocellulose in an unusual manner, causing a rapid decrease in degree of polymerization at low weight loss. Despite increased research effort, the mechanism of brown-rot decay remains unclear. Furthermore, this research has not pointed to biochemical targets for inhibition and development of new wood preservatives. In reviewing the brown-rot literature, it became apparent that many beliefs about brown-rot decomposition of wood are based more on tradition or conjecture than on facts. In some cases, these misconceptions have become near dogma. They cloud our understanding of brown-rot decay and as a result may contribute to a misdirection of research efforts. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to identify and clarify some of these misconceptions. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Limited. RP Green, F (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 81 TC 128 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(96)00063-7 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XR243 UT WOS:A1997XR24300004 ER PT J AU Micales, JA AF Micales, JA TI Localization and induction of oxalate decarboxylase in the brown-rot wood decay fungus Postia placenta SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID OXALIC-ACID; TYROMYCES-PALUSTRIS AB Oxalate decarboxylase (ODC), the enzyme that converts oxalic acid to formic acid and carbon dioxide, was recently isolated from high-and low-decay isolates of the brown-rot wood decay fungus Postia placenta. The enzyme is induced in the presence of concentrations of oxalic acid that inhibit growth and is associated with the hyphal surface and hyphal sheath. A probable role for ODC in P. placenta is to prevent the overaccumulation of oxalic acid, forming a nontoxic, buffered, Iow-pH environment that facilitates the decay process. Published by Elsevier Science Limited. RP Micales, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(97)00009-7 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XR243 UT WOS:A1997XR24300005 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA AF Clausen, CA TI Immunological detection of wood decay fungi - An overview of techniques developed from 1986 to the present SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID BROWN-ROT DECAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; POSTIA-PLACENTA; PHYTOPHTHORA-CINNAMOMI; DIPSTICK IMMUNOASSAY; ELISA; BETA-1,4-XYLANASE; PROTEINS; PINE AB During the past decade, diagnostic methods for detecting incipient wood decay in vitro and in situ have been developed using antibodies to target fungal antigens. Antibodies are potentially ideal probes for detecting fungal biodeterioration because they are specific and can quantitate fungal antigens within a complex structure such as wood. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to various fungal components have been utilized separately and in concert for immunoblotting, enzyme immunoassays, particle agglutination assays, and chromatographic 'dipstick' assays. This paper provides an overview of the challenges encountered and progress made in the field of forest products immunodiagnostics since 1986. Published by Elsevier Science Limited. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(97)00017-6 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XR243 UT WOS:A1997XR24300006 ER PT J AU Micales, JA Skog, KE AF Micales, JA Skog, KE TI The decomposition of forest products in landfills SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID METHANE PRODUCTION; SANITARY LANDFILL; REFUSE; HEMICELLULOSE; CELLULOSE; SAMPLES; WASTES; SINKS; FATE AB Large quantities of forest products are disposed of in landfills annually. The fate of this vast pool of carbon is important since carbon sequestration and the generation of landfill gases have important implications for global warming. Published estimates of methane yields were used to estimate the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere from landfilled forest products. These calculations suggest that maximally only 30% of the carbon from paper and 0-3% of the carbon from wood are ever emitted as landfill gas. The remaining carbon, approximately 28 Tg in 1993, remains in the landfill indefinitely. Some of this carbon may be removed during leachate treatment, but a large portion is permanently sequestered when its impact on global warming is negligible. The placement of forest products in landfills serves as a significant carbon sink, and its importance in the global carbon balance should not be overlooked. Published by Elsevier Science Limited. RP US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 75 TC 98 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 145 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(97)83389-6 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XR243 UT WOS:A1997XR24300007 ER PT J AU Jellison, J Connolly, J Goodell, B Doyle, B Illman, B Fekete, F Ostrofsky, A AF Jellison, J Connolly, J Goodell, B Doyle, B Illman, B Fekete, F Ostrofsky, A TI The role of cations in the biodegradation of wood by the brown rot fungi SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Review ID BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NEOCOSMOSPORA-VASINFECTA; COPPER TOLERANCE; ROTTING FUNGI; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; OXALIC-ACID; ACCUMULATION AB This review describes what is presently known about the role of positively charged ions in the colonization and degradation of wood by brown rot fungi. General patterns of cation accumulation and the roles of iron, manganese, calcium and other cations in the fungal environment are discussed. The physiology of brown rot fungi and mechanisms of wood cell wall breakdown are emphasized. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI USA. RP Jellison, J (reprint author), UNIV MAINE, ORONO, ME 04469 USA. NR 158 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 165 EP 179 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(97)00018-8 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XR243 UT WOS:A1997XR24300009 ER PT J AU Illman, BL Bajt, S AF Illman, BL Bajt, S TI Nondestructive elemental analysis of wood biodeterioration using electron paramagnetic resonance and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; ABSORPTION; IRON AB Over the last few years we have developed nondestructive methods for the elemental analysis of wood during biodeterioration by fungi. In this paper we review progress made in our laboratories on the multi-element analysis of wood using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and synchrotron-generated X-ray spectroscopy. The non-intrusive sample preparation and the nondestructive methods have been used to detect elements in situ at concentrations as low as 0.1-10 ppm and to determine the redox states of several transition state metals. Custom specimen handling equipment and computer software were coupled with the analytical tools for mapping element accumulation and distribution. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Limited. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP Illman, BL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(97)00020-6 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XR243 UT WOS:A1997XR24300016 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM Timpa, JD Piotrowiak, P Cole, RB AF Striegel, AM Timpa, JD Piotrowiak, P Cole, RB TI Multiple neutral alkali halide attachments onto oligosaccharides in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ION PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE oligosaccharides; electrospray; mass spectrometry; computer modeling; co-ordination ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; LINKAGE; DISACCHARIDES; PERFORMANCE AB Oligosaccharides perform essential functions in a variety of biological and agricultural processes. Recent approaches to characterization of these molecules by mass spectrometry have utilized mainly soft-ionization methods such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and thermospray (TS), as well as fast atom bombardment (FAB). The behavior of a series of maltooligosaccharides with alpha-(1-->4) linkages, maltose (G(2)) through maltoheptaose (G(7)), under ESI conditions, has been investigated here, The oligosaccharides were dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide containing lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) prior to analysis by ESI-MS, A highly unusual feature, evident in all mass spectra obtained using this solvent system, was the presence of multiple 'neutral' salt attachments onto lithium adducts of the sugars. Resultant ions took the form of [G(x) + Li + nLiCl](+), where n may reach a value as high as eight. Compared to LiCl, the propensity for alkali halide attachment using other alkali chlorides or lithium halides was greatly reduced. An investigation of this phenomenon is presented in which the organic and inorganic portions of the employed solvent were systematically varied, and semi-empirical computer modeling was performed to better understand lithium coordination by the sugars. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT CHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1176 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 162 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0168-1176(96)04524-7 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA XD007 UT WOS:A1997XD00700005 ER PT J AU Kramer, TR Moore, RJ Shippee, RL Friedl, KE MartinezLopez, L Chan, MM Askew, EW AF Kramer, TR Moore, RJ Shippee, RL Friedl, KE MartinezLopez, L Chan, MM Askew, EW TI Effects of food restriction in military training on T-lymphocyte responses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium of the International Society of Exercise and Immunology CY NOV 17-18, 1995 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP ISEI DE proliferation; interleukin-2 receptor; energy deficit; calories; exercise; energy expenditure ID EXERCISE; SUBPOPULATIONS; STRESS AB In a stress model which included food restriction, we examined the effects of physically rigorous military training and increased caloric intake on T-lymphocyte responses and lymphocyte subsets. T-lymphocyte proliferation and release of soluble receptor for interleukin-2 (sIL-2R) in vitro were measured in two separate training classes of male U.S. Army ranger course (RC) trainees at the start and during the RC. Trainees in group 1 (n = 55) and 2 (n = 50), respectively, had mean (+/- SD) energy intakes of 11.8 +/- 7.0 and 13.6 +/- 6.7 MJ/d, averaged total daily energy expenditures of 16.7 and 17.6 MJ/d, and experienced body weight losses of 15.6% and 12.6%. Both groups showed decreased T-lymphocyte responses in vitro: proliferation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and tetanus toroid (TT), and released sIL-2R to PHA. Group 2 with an intended 15% increase in energy during the RC over group 1 showed 22% and 26% less severe suppressions of T-lymphocyte proliferation and released sIL-2R, respectively, in vitro. Group 2 also showed that short-term (9 days) removal of the food restriction stressor allowed for corrected body weight, total lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte subset counts but not suppressed T-lymphocyte responses in vitro. These results demonstrate that soldiers in physically rigorous military training are at risk of suppressed T-lymphocyte immunocompetence, and this is greater if they also experience inadequate energy intake. C1 USDA,CAROTENOID RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,NATICK,MA 01760. MARTIN ARMY COMMUNITY HOSP,DEPT FAMILY PRACTICE & COMMUNITY MED,FT BENNING,GA. CHILDRENS HOSP,NATL MED CTR,DEPT LAB MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0172-4622 J9 INT J SPORTS MED JI Int. J. Sports Med. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 18 SU 1 BP S84 EP S90 DI 10.1055/s-2007-972704 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA WV027 UT WOS:A1997WV02700011 PM 9129267 ER PT J AU Whitaker, BD Solomos, T Harrison, DJ AF Whitaker, BD Solomos, T Harrison, DJ TI Quantification of alpha-farnesene and its conjugated trienol oxidation products from apple peel by C-18-HPLC with UV detection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha-farnesene; conjugated triene; C-18-HPLC; apple; storage; scald ID SUPERFICIAL SCALD; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; DELICIOUS APPLES; STORED APPLES; LOW-OXYGEN; DIPHENYLAMINE; STORAGE AB Conjugated triene oxidation products of the sesquiterpene alpha-farnesene are thought to induce development of the storage disorder superficial scald. A C-18-HPLC method was devised which allows simultaneous quantification of alpha-farnesene and its major oxidation product, a conjugated trienol, in hexane extracts of apple peel using UV detection at 232 and 269 nm. Identification of the compounds was confirmed by UV spectrometry, HPLC with diode array detection, and GC-MS. Apples of high (Granny Smith, GS), moderate (Red Delicious, RD), and low (Gala) susceptibility to scald were stored for up to 6 months at 0 degrees C under 1.5, 3, or 100% oxygen or in air. Peel samples were analyzed for alpha-farnesene and conjugated trienol content, which correlated well with scald susceptibility and occurrence. Levels of both sesquiterpenoids were greater than or equal to 20-fold higher in GS than in Gala. Storage under low (1.5 or 3%) oxygen decreased farnesene and trienol levels in each cultivar. Two lots of RD fruit harvested 1 week apart differed markedly in farnesene and trienol production; fruit from the earlier harvest had higher levels of both and developed scald, whereas fruit from the later harvest did not scald. These results support the proposal that scald susceptibility of apple cultivars is a function of farnesene production and its oxidation to conjugated trienols. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,COLLEGE PK,MD 20472. ARS,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 16 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 760 EP 765 DI 10.1021/jf960780o PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WP002 UT WOS:A1997WP00200038 ER PT J AU Buttery, RG Ling, LC Stern, DJ AF Buttery, RG Ling, LC Stern, DJ TI Studies on popcorn aroma and flavor volatiles SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE popcorn; volatiles; flavor; identification; concentrations; odor thresholds ID CORN TORTILLAS; PRODUCTS; ODORANTS AB Capillary GC-MS qualitative studies, with some determination of amounts present, were carried out on flavor and aroma volatiles isolated from microwave oven-produced popcorn. The presence of most previously reported compounds was confirmed, and some additional compounds were identified in popcorn for the first time. These newly identified compounds include dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl di- and trisulfides, 3-methylindole (skatole), alpha- and beta-ionones, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one (maltol), 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, 5-methyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (norfuraneol), geranyl acetone, and others. Hydrogen sulfide was found as a major component of the volatiles emitted during popping. Two main methods far isolating the volatiles were used. One involved isolation of the volatiles from the freshly popped dry popcorn including volatiles emitted during popping. The other involved isolating the volatiles from the fresh popcorn blended with water saturated with salt and made moderately basic with sodium carbonate. Odor thresholds in water solution of most compounds found are listed and compared. RP Buttery, RG (reprint author), AGR RES SERV, USDA, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 16 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 837 EP 843 DI 10.1021/jf9604807 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WP002 UT WOS:A1997WP00200053 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ Weisleder, D AF Petroski, RJ Weisleder, D TI Inhibition of Carpophilus freemani Dobson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) aggregation pheromone response by a Z-double-bond pheromone analog SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Triene; hydrocarbon; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae; Carpophilus freemani; Freeman sap beetle ID DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE; HYDROCARBONS; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; HEMIPTERUS; TETRAENE; ISOMERS AB Males of Carpophilus freemani Dobson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) produce an aggregation pheromone that attracts beetles of both sexes. The major component of the pheromone was previously identified as (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6-nonatriene. The response of C. freemani to this pheromone in a wind tunnel bioassay was inhibited 26-47% (P < 0.01) by a 10-fold excess of(2E,4E,6Z)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6-nonatriene, a double-bond configurational isomer. This artifact of synthesis is not produced by C. freemani and does not attract C. freemani. In the presence of a synergist, significant inhibition was not observed with equivalent amounts of pheromone and pheromone analog. Although technical-grade pheromone used to monitor C. freemani in the field contains 8-30% of the pheromone analog, this amount of the analog is insufficient to cause significant inhibition in laboratory wind-tunnel bioassays. RP Petroski, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT AGENTS RES & ANAL SUPPORT UNITS,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 943 EP 945 DI 10.1021/jf960644j PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WP002 UT WOS:A1997WP00200071 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Duke, SO Reddy, KN Hamper, BC Leschinsky, KL AF Dayan, FE Duke, SO Reddy, KN Hamper, BC Leschinsky, KL TI Effects of isoxazole herbicides on protoporphyrinogen oxidase and porphyrin physiology SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isoxazolecarboxamide; peroxidizing herbicides; protoporphyrinogen oxidase; protoporphyrin IX ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; 3 PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; INHIBITING HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; OXIDIZING ACTIVITIES; H-3 ACIFLUORFEN; BARLEY; IX; OXIDATION; BINDING AB The biochemical and physiological effects of 10 isoxazoles were investigated. The amount of protoporphyrin IX caused to accumulate by the compounds correlated well with their herbicidal activity. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) was inhibited competitively in the proximity of the catalytic site. However, the Protox I-50 values of the methyl esters and acid chloride derivatives were lower than expected on the basis of their in vivo herbicidal activity. The results suggest that some tolerance mechanism, other than differential absorption and translocation, may protect the plants against these compounds. The molecular properties of 9 isoxazoles and 2 other well-known inhibitors of different herbicide groups were compared to those of protoporphyrinogen (Protogen). The most active compounds have similar bulk, electronic, and energy properties that approximate half of the Protogen molecule. Furthermore, these compounds have atoms/groups on the ring that generate distinct negative electrostatic potential fields that may mimic the reactive part of the Protogen molecule. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63167. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 41 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 967 EP 975 DI 10.1021/jf9607019 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WP002 UT WOS:A1997WP00200076 ER PT J AU Binder, BF Robbins, JC AF Binder, BF Robbins, JC TI Effect of terpenoids and related compounds on the oviposition behavior of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE terpenes; behavior; oviposition; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae ID IDENTIFICATION; PHEROMONE; STIMULANT AB Twenty-eight volatile plant compounds and related analogs were evaluated in separate laboratory assays for mediation of oviposition behaviors of the female European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. The compounds were acyclic and cyclic monoterpenes or sesquiterpenes or related compounds and possessed different functional groups, chain lengths, and molecular weights. The compounds varied in their effect on O. nubilalis oviposition behaviors, ranging from deterrents to stimulants. Cyclic sesquiterpenes generally stimulated oviposition by O. nubilalis, but several acyclic sesquiterpenes deterred oviposition. Individual compounds also may be used as cues for host finding by adult O. nubilalis. The compounds described in this study may serve as a guide for the creative design of safe, environmentally compatible control methods for the European corn borer, a destructive pest of many agricultural crops. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,GENET LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Binder, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 980 EP 984 DI 10.1021/jf960400z PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WP002 UT WOS:A1997WP00200078 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ Anderson, BG Torrents, A Acher, AJ AF Hapeman, CJ Anderson, BG Torrents, A Acher, AJ TI Mechanistic investigations concerning the aqueous ozonolysis of bromacil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bromacil; remediation; bromohydrin; ozonolysis ID OZONATION; OZONE; WATER; PRODUCTS; BIODEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; DEGRADATION; ATRAZINE; DISPOSAL; WASTE AB Bromacil ozonolysis was examined to determine the mechanism of product formation in an effort to optimize a chemical-microbial remediation strategy for contaminated waters. Two debrominated products, 3-sec-butyl-5-acetyl-5-hydroxyhydantoin (II) (24%) and 3-sec-butylparabanic acid (III) (56%), and a dibromohydrin, 3-sec-butyl-5,5-dibromo-6-methyl-6-hydro (IV) (20%), were formed. The latter compound, arising from HOBr addition to bromacil, reverted back to starting material, causing the treated solution to remain somewhat phytotoxic. Mass balance studies provided evidence for parallel reaction pathways as opposed to a series pathway where II gives rise to III. Addition of hydrogen peroxide slightly decreased the rate of bromacil degradation while the addition of tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH), a hydroxy radical scavenger, increased the degradation rate, strongly suggesting that the mechanism does not involve hydroxy radicals but direct ozone attack at the double bond. A much lower yield of IV, 6%, relative to the control was observed with H2O2, whereas a slightly higher yield, 23%, was found with t-BuOH. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ENVIRONM ENGN PROGRAM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Hapeman, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST NAT RESOURCES,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 1006 EP 1011 DI 10.1021/jf9600420 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WP002 UT WOS:A1997WP00200083 ER PT J AU Karns, JS Eaton, RW AF Karns, JS Eaton, RW TI Genes encoding s-triazine degradation are plasmid-borne in Klebsiella pneumoniae strain 99 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pesticide; herbicide; atrazine; biodegradation; heterocyclic ring cleavage ID PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; BACTERIAL PLASMIDS; HERBICIDE ATRAZINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CYANURIC ACID; HOST-RANGE; CLONING; EXPRESSION; MINERALIZATION; VECTORS AB Klebsiella pneumoniae strain 99 degrades the s-triazine compound ammelide through cyanuric acid and biuret to yield urea, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. The urea and ammonia formed from the degradation of ammelide or cyanuric acid are utilized as sources of nitrogen for growth of the organism. When plasmids of the IncI alpha incompatibility group were transferred into K. pneumoniae strain 99, the ability to degrade s-triazine compounds was last at high frequency. Analysis of the plasmid profiles of s-triazine(+) and s-triazine(-) derivatives of strain 99 indicated that the largest of the at least five plasmids detected in this organism carries the genes encoding the s-triazine degradation pathway. Conjugal transfer of this plasmid from wild-type strain 99 into a type strain of Klebsiella planticola (ATCC 33531) resulted in exconjugants able to utilize ammelide or cyanuric acid as nitrogen sources. Thus, the genes required for s-triazine degradation are present on a large IncI alpha plasmid in K. pneumoniae strain 99. RP Karns, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 1017 EP 1022 DI 10.1021/jf960464+ PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WP002 UT WOS:A1997WP00200085 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, ELD Nielsen, MK Bennett, GL Leymaster, KA AF Ribeiro, ELD Nielsen, MK Bennett, GL Leymaster, KA TI A simulation model including ovulation rate, potential embryonic viability, and uterine capacity to explain litter size in mice .1. Model development and implementation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mice; selection; litter size; simulation; uterus; ovulation rate ID GENETIC-IMPLICATIONS; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; INDEX SELECTION; 21 GENERATIONS; BODY-WEIGHT; SWINE; COMPONENTS; REPRODUCTION; PARAMETERS AB Litter size in mice was studied using a model including ovulation rate, potential embryonic viability, and uterine capacity. Simulated results were compared with experimental results from a selection experiment with mice. The four criteria of selection were selection on number born (LS), selection on an index of ovulation rate and ova success (IX), selection on number born to unilaterally ovariectomized females (UT), and unselected control (LC). Comparisons were made to statistics of the base generation and to responses after 13 generations of selection. Phenotypic and genetic statistics for uterine capacity were generated so that simulations produced the experimental means, standard deviations, and correlations between left and right litter size, as well as responses in number born using the LS, IX, and UT criteria. Statistics for the simulated data generally agreed with observed values. Simulated heritability in the base generation for uterine capacity was .065. Experimental and simulated responses per generation in litter-size through 13 generations of selection were .15 and .16, .17 and .18, and .10 and .11 for LS, IX, and UT, respectively. Simulated responses in uterine capacity after 13 generations were 2.19, 1.60, and 3.40 for LS, IX, and UT, respectively. Simulated means for the base generation were 13.22 and 16.30 for ovulation rate and uterine capacity, respectively. Uterine capacity was an important component of the variability in litter size; however, ovulation rate was the more Limiting component. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 641 EP 651 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WP593 UT WOS:A1997WP59300007 PM 9078478 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, ELD Nielsen, MK Leymaster, KA Bennett, GL AF Ribeiro, ELD Nielsen, MK Leymaster, KA Bennett, GL TI A simulation model including ovulation rate, potential embryonic viability, and uterine capacity to explain litter size in mice .2. Responses to alternative criteria of selection SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mice; selection; litter size; simulation; uterus; ovulation rate ID GENETIC-IMPLICATIONS; 21 GENERATIONS; SWINE AB Direct selection for litter size was compared with selection for ovulation rate, ova success, or uterine capacity and for indexes of ovulation rate with ova success or uterine capacity. Selection was simulated for 10 generations in a mouse population based on a model integrating ovulation rate, potential embryonic viability, and uterine capacity. Two indexes including ovulation rate (OR) and ova success (OS) were I = .291 x OR + 2.19 x OS and I = .165 x OR + .736 x OS. Heritabilities for ovulation rate and ova success, assumed in the simulation and to derive the indexes, were .25 and .06, respectively. Both indexes resulted in the same response in litter size, 12.9% greater than response to direct selection for litter size. Two indexes including OR and uterine capacity (TUC = true total uterine capacity; UC uterine capacity measured as number born for a female with right ovary excised) were I = .881 x OR + .223 x TUC and I = .876 x OR + .568 x UC. Heritabilities assumed for uterine capacity were .09 (TUC) and .065 (UC). The first index assumed true parameters for uterine capacity (TUC) and resulted in a response in litter size that was 23.9% greater than direct selection. The second index was calculated using parameters estimated under a unilateral-ovariectomy model and resulted in response that was 14.7% greater than direct selection. Selection for OR, TUC, UC, or OS resulted in responses that were 4.5, 48.5, 38.7, or 74.8%, respectively, less than that from direct selection for litter size. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 652 EP 656 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WP593 UT WOS:A1997WP59300008 PM 9078479 ER PT J AU Anderson, RA Bryden, NA EvockClover, CM Steele, NC AF Anderson, RA Bryden, NA EvockClover, CM Steele, NC TI Beneficial effects of chromium on glucose and lipid variables in control and somatotropin-treated pigs are associated with increased tissue chromium and altered tissue copper, iron, and zinc SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chromium; copper; iron; zinc; glucose; pigs ID GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; GROWTH-HORMONE; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; SUPPLEMENTAL CHROMIUM; PICOLINATE; TRIPICOLINATE; METABOLITES; CALVES; DIETS; SERUM AB Chromium (Cr) and somatotropin have been shown to increase lean body mass in pigs but by independent mechanisms. Somatotropin and Cr also affect blood glucose, lipids, and tissue trace metal concentrations. Twenty-four castrated male pigs were divided into four groups: 1) control basal diet; 2) basal diet + 300 mu g of Cr/kg of diet as Cr picolinate; 3) basal diet + pituitary porcine somatotropin (ppST; 100 mu g/kg live weight injected daily); and 4) basal diet + Cr + ppST. Pigs were fed the diets from 30 to 60 kg body weight and then killed. Supplemental Cr led to increased total Cr in kidney (1.1 vs 2.3 mu g) and liver (5.9 vs 8.8 mu g) but not in the heart independent of ppST treatment. Chromium concentrations in longissimus muscle were less than 1.5 ng/g in all samples, and any increases due to supplemental Cr were not detected. Somatotropin treatment led to decreased hepatic Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations and increased total renal Cu, Fe, and Zn. These data demonstrate that supplemental Cr causes increased tissue Cr in the liver and kidney but not in the heart or muscle in control and somatotropin treated pigs. Somatotropin treatment caused decreased kidney and Liver Cr concentrations that were offset by increased tissue weights. Somatotropin effects on tissue Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe were variable and difficult to evaluate due in part to growth hormone-induced changes in organ weights. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTR REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 657 EP 661 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WP593 UT WOS:A1997WP59300009 PM 9078480 ER PT J AU Miller, MF Kerth, CR Wise, JW Lansdell, JL Stowell, JE Ramsey, CB AF Miller, MF Kerth, CR Wise, JW Lansdell, JL Stowell, JE Ramsey, CB TI Slaughter plant location, USDA quality grade, external fat thickness, and aging time effects on sensory characteristics of beef loin strip steak SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE meat characteristics; aging; slaughterhouse; palatability ID TENDERNESS AB A boneless beef strip loin (IMPS #180) was fabricated from each of 320 carcasses to study the effects of slaughter plant location, quality grade, fat thickness, and aging time on beef tenderness and palatability. Carcasses were selected for fat thickness (< .5 cm or greater than or equal to .5 cm fat thickness) and USDA quality grade (Select or Low Choice) from two slaughter facilities (IBP, Inc., Garden City, KS or Excel Inc., Plainview, TX), and the strips were aged for either 7 or 14 d. Aging steaks 14 d improved all sensory traits and Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) values regardless of all other main effects (P < .05). Steaks from Choice carcasses that were processed in Kansas had higher initial and sustained tenderness ratings than steaks from carcasses that were processed in Texas or Select steaks from Kansas after 7 d of aging (P < .05). However, aging for 14 d removed differences from all sensory characteristics of steaks from Kansas and Texas. All sensory scores for steaks from carcasses that graded Choice were higher than those from carcasses that graded Select (P < .05). The USDA quality grade did not affect WBS values, and fat thickness did not affect sensory characteristics or WBS values (P > .05). Therefore, aging beef strip loin steaks for 14 compared with 7 d improved sensory score and decreased WBS values, but fat thickness had no effect on the palatability of loin strip steaks processed under these conditions. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,ANIM SCI & FOOD TECHNOL DEPT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA,AGR MKT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. SAFEWAY STORES INC,DENVER,CO 80155. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 662 EP 667 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WP593 UT WOS:A1997WP59300010 PM 9078481 ER PT J AU Field, R McCormick, R Balasubramanian, V Sanson, D Wise, J Hixon, D Riley, M Russell, M AF Field, R McCormick, R Balasubramanian, V Sanson, D Wise, J Hixon, D Riley, M Russell, M TI Tenderness variation among loin steaks from A and C maturity carcasses of heifers similar in chronological age SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovines; maturity; collagen; tenderness; age ID COLLAGEN CROSS-LINKING; BEEF TENDERNESS; MUSCLE; PERFORMANCE; CARTILAGE; CATTLE; SHEEP; BONE AB Fifty-two Angus x Gelbvieh rotationally crossed virgin, ovariectomized, or single-calf heifers were slaughtered after 100 d on a high-concentrate diet. Heifers from each treatment were approximately 31, 33, or 35 mo of age, and they produced 31 A, 5 B, and 16 C maturity carcasses. Because of the small number, B maturity carcasses were not included in this study. Number of A maturity carcasses decreased as age increased; No differences (P > .05) in slaughter weight, total weight gain, dressing percentage, longissimus muscle area, or kidney fat percentage existed between carcass maturity groups, but C maturity heifers had 3.56 mm more fat (P < .91) over the longissimus muscle than A maturity heifers. Marbling scores of slight(79) and small(0) for A and C maturity carcasses, respectively, did not differ (P > .05). The A and C maturity heifers had similar amounts of collagen and hydroxylysyl-pyridinium crosslinks in metacarpal bone cortex and in longissimus muscle. Neither means for panel tenderness nor Warner-Bratzler shear values differed (P > .05) between maturity groups. Coefficients of variation for tenderness were slightly higher in steaks; from C maturity carcasses, but CV for shear values between A and C maturity groups were similar. Because inconsistent meat tenderness is a recognized problem in the beef industry, more research on tenderness variability within maturity and marbling groups is needed. This information, in addition to pooled SEM and differences between means, should aid in finding ways to reduce beef tenderness variability. C1 USDA,LIVESTOCK & MEAT STANDARDIZAT BRANCH,AMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. RP Field, R (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ANIM SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 693 EP 699 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WP593 UT WOS:A1997WP59300014 PM 9078485 ER PT J AU Ford, JJ Howard, HJ AF Ford, JJ Howard, HJ TI Activin inhibition of estradiol and progesterone production in porcine granulosa cells SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE activin; estrogen; pigs; granulosa cells; progesterone ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; FACTOR-I IGF-1; BINDING PROTEIN; FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT; RAT OVARY; FOLLISTATIN; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; STEROIDOGENESIS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Two studies evaluated the influence of activin on steroidogenesis in cultured porcine granulosa cells obtained at various stages of differentiation. In granulosa cells isolated from 1- to 3-mm follicles, obtained at random stages of the estrous cycle, treatment with activin or transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) decreased progesterone production during the first 48 h of culture, but neither had an effect on estradiol production. One-half of these cells received FSH treatment at 48 h, and at 96 and 144 h of culture FSH increased estradiol and progesterone production. Activin or TGF beta reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, both basal and FSH-stimulated production of both steroids. In the second study, granulosa cells were obtained during follicular growth associated with weaning and were separated into two subpopulations (weakly associated [WA] and tightly bound [TB]). Estradiol production in culture increased with time after weaning. Tightly bound cells produced more estradiol than WA cells and maintained FSH-stimulated estradiol production, whereas production of progesterone increased in both cell types after treatment with FSH. Activin depressed FSH-stimulated estradiol production in TB cells and depressed FSH-stimulated progesterone production in both cell types. These results clearly indicate that activin depresses in vitro steroidogenesis by granulosa. cells from antral, porcine follicles; thus, activin may participate in atresia of antral follicles of this species. RP Ford, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,STATE SPUR 18D,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 761 EP 766 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WP593 UT WOS:A1997WP59300023 PM 9078494 ER PT J AU Lunstra, DD Coulter, GH AF Lunstra, DD Coulter, GH TI Relationship between scrotal infrared temperature patterns and natural-mating fertility in beef bulls SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermoregulation; temperature; pregnancy; testes; sperm; semen ID SPERM PRODUCTION; BOVINE; ESTRADIOL-17-BETA; TESTOSTERONE; SPERMATOZOA; INSULATION; MORPHOLOGY; QUALITY; PUBERTY; HORMONE AB The infrared temperature pattern (IRT) of the scrotal surface was recorded for 73 yearling beef bulls and a color video thermogram of the pattern of each bull was recorded. The average scrotal surface temperature, temperature at the top and bottom of the scrotum, scrotal temperature gradient, and thermal class (normal, questionable, or abnormal scrotal surface thermal pattern) were recorded for each thermogram. Thirty-seven bulls had a normal temperature pattern (51%), 20 had a questionable pattern (27%), and 16 had an abnormal temperature pattern (22%). Bulls exhibiting abnormal scrotal temperature patterns had lower(P < .05) percentages of sperm exhibiting normal head and tail morphology and had a higher (P < .01) percentage of sperm with proximal droplets than did bulls with normal or questionable thermogram patterns. Thirty bulls with acceptable testis size and semen quality and representing the three thermal classes were each exposed single-sire to approximately 18 heifers during a 45-d pasture breeding period. Pregnancy rate was lower (P < .01) for bulls with abnormal scrotal temperature patterns (68 +/- 4%, n = 8) than for bulls with normal (83 +/- 4%, n = 13) and questionable temperature patterns (85 +/- 4%, n = 9), and pregnancy rate was related significantly 40 all four major characteristics (surface, top, and bottom temperatures and temperature gradient) of scrotal thermograms. Data indicated that bulls with abnormal scrotal temperature patterns exhibited a reduced ability to maintain an effective thermal gradient from top to bottom of the testes and that bulls with abnormal scrotal temperature patterns achieved reduced pregnancy rates when used for natural mating. C1 AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,LETHBRIDGE RES CTR,LIVESTOCK SCI SECT,LETHBRIDGE,AB T1J 4B1,CANADA. RP Lunstra, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 767 EP 774 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WP593 UT WOS:A1997WP59300024 PM 9078495 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB Dove, CR AF Barb, CR Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB Dove, CR TI Metabolic changes during the transition from the fed to the acute feed-deprived state in prepuberal and mature gilts SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE metabolites; food deprivation; gilts; LH; GH ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; FREE FATTY-ACID; SOMATOMEDIN-C; ENDOCRINE CHANGES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; INSULIN; SERUM AB The present study compared the metabolic response to acute feed deprivation in ovariectomized prepubersal (P; n = 6), 62 +/- 2 kg BW, and mature (M; n = 6) gilts, 124 +/- 4 kg BW. Blood was collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 40, and 48 h after initiation of feeding. Samples were quantified for glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (HBA), IGF-I, IGF binding proteins (BP)-1 to -4, cortisol, and amino acids (AA). At 24 h, blood samples were collected every 15 min for 8 h and an additional 1 h after i.v. injection of GnRH (.2 mu g/kg BW) and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF; 1 mu g/kg BW). Samples were assayed for growth hormone (GH) and LH. Serum insulin concentrations Were lower (P < .05) in P gilts. Plasma glucose concentrations were similar. Serum FFA concentrations were greater (P < .05) in P gilts. Serum concentrations of HBA were greater (P < .001) in P gilts at 4 h. Serum IGF-I concentrations Were lower (P < .05) in P gilts by 16 h. Serum IGFBP-1-4 levels were similar. Serum cortisol concentrations were similar. Serum concentrations of the essential isoleucine, lysine, threonine, valine, and phenylalanine were greater (P < .05) in P gilts at 40 h. Serum LH concentrations and response td GnRH were similar. Basal serum GH concentrations and peak response td GRF were greater (P < .05) in P than in M gilts. The transition from fed to unfed state occurs more rapidly in P than in M gilts. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,RB RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 53 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 781 EP 789 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WP593 UT WOS:A1997WP59300026 PM 9078497 ER PT J AU Ford, JJ Wise, TH Lunstra, DD AF Ford, JJ Wise, TH Lunstra, DD TI Negative relationships between blood concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone and testicular size in mature boars SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Swine in Biomedical Research CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MARYLAND DE swine; testes; FSH ID NEONATAL HEMI-CASTRATION; SERTOLI CELLS; TESTIS; ACTIVIN; PROLIFERATION; RESPONSES; MEISHAN; GROWTH; PLASMA AB Relationships between blood concentration of FSH and testicular size and daily sperm production were evaluated with data obtained from five studies originally designed to investigate regulation of FSH secretion in Meishan (MS), White composite (WC), and crossbreds of these. A minimum of three blood samples/boar were obtained at greater than 4-d intervals for determination of FSH, and testes were obtained at castration or slaughter. In a random sample of boars, FSH was fivefold greater (P < .01) in MS than in WC boars (n = 22/group). Daily sperm production (DSP)/gram of testis (estimated by counting elongated spermatid nuclei in testicular homogenates) was similar in the groups, but testicular weight (TWT), adjusted for body weight, was less (P < .01) in MS than in WC, yielding lower total daily sperm production (TDSP; P < .05) in MS boars. In four populations (one with MS, one with WC, and two with crossbreds; n = 34 males), boars were selected for extremes in FSH concentrations from larger groups. Across all populations, a threefold greater plasma FSH concentration was associated with a 32% smaller TWT (P < .01). Coincident with increased FSH, TDSP was 33% less (P < .05). In 48 MS x WC boars that were selected for divergence in plasma FSH during pubertal development (4 to 6 mo of age), this divergence was retained at 1 yr(P < .01). Retrospectively, the divergence in FSH was also apparent at 2 and 8 wk of age (P < .05), and the boars with elevated FSH had smaller testicles, lower DSP, and lower TDSP (P < .01). These studies document a negative relationship in mature boars-between FSH secretion and testicular size accompanied with decreased TDSP. RP Ford, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 790 EP 795 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WP593 UT WOS:A1997WP59300027 PM 9078498 ER PT J AU Aiken, GE AF Aiken, GE TI Temporal effects on steer performance and nutritive values for eastern gamagrass grazed continuously for different durations SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE grasses; beef cattle; grazing; quality ID MATTER; SWARD AB Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides [L.] L.) has potential as a grazed forage, but options in its grazing management need to be evaluated. A 3-yr grazing study was conducted to determine temporal effects on steer performance and nutritive values for eastern gamagrass that was continuously stocked for various durations. Pastures were stocked at different rates and grazed to targeted forage height of 30 to 38 cm to impose treatments of 1) long duration of continuous stocking with a light stocking rate (3.0 steers/ha) 2) intermediate duration of grazing with an intermediate stocking rate (4.9 steers/ha) or 3) short duration of grazing with a heavy stocking rate (SDHS; 7.4 steers/ha). Crude protein percentage and in vitro organic matter digestibility of leaf blade and sheath showed nonlinear declines (P < .05) as days on pasture (DOP) increased. In vitro organic matter digestibility of leaf sheaths was affected by two-way interactions (P < .05) between year and the Linear, quadratic, and cubic terms. Crude protein percentage of leaf sheaths was affected lay three-way interactions (P < .01) between duration of continuous stocking (DCS), year, and the Linear and quadratic terms. There were linear declines (P < .05) of cumulative average daily gain as DOP increased, and the relationships did not differ (P) .10) among DCS or years. There was a quadratic (P < .05) relationship between cumulative live weight gain (kg/ha) and DOP, hut there also was an interaction (P < .001) between DCS and DOP on the Linear term. Cumulative live weight gains (kg/ha) for SDHS showed the steepest increases as DOP increased. High live weight gain per unit of land area can be achieved with eastern gamagrass, if grazed with high stocking rates to a targeted pasture height of 30 to 38 cm. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 803 EP 808 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WP593 UT WOS:A1997WP59300029 PM 9078500 ER PT J AU Zeringue, HJ AF Zeringue, HJ TI Volatile antifungal compounds in maize kernels: Effect of ear position on aflatoxin production SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LEAF-DERIVED VOLATILES; JASMONIC ACID; LIPOXYGENASE PATHWAY; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; PLANTS; GROWTH AB Volatiles produced by ground maize kernels from 3 zonal areas of Pioneer Hybrid 3136 maize ear inhibited the growth of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and, therefore, production of aflatoxin B-1 in a static culture bioassay. Volatiles from kernels obtained from the medial zonal area of the maize ear resulted in 75% mean inhibition of A. flavus radial growth and 76% mean inhibition of aflatoxin contamination. Volatiles from kernels obtained from the apical zone resulted in 19% mean inhibition of radial growth and 33% mean inhibition of aflatoxin contamination, Volatiles from kernels obtained from the basal zone resulted in 23% mean inhibition of radial growth and 37% mean inhibition of aflatoxin contamination. Volatiles were purged on Tenax columns and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry Compounds highly toxic to A. flavus, such as C-4-C-6 aldehydes, benzothiazole, methyl jasmonates, and 2-furancarboxaldehydes, were found mostly in volatiles from kernels obtained from the medial zone, These results demonstrate a relationship between volatile fungitoxic compounds from kernels obtained from different zonal areas and aflatoxin contamination. RP Zeringue, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 341 EP 344 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WP016 UT WOS:A1997WP01600011 ER PT J AU Fiddler, W Pensabene, JW Gates, RA Custer, C Yoffe, A Phillipo, T AF Fiddler, W Pensabene, JW Gates, RA Custer, C Yoffe, A Phillipo, T TI N-nitrosodibenzylamine in boneless hams processed in elastic rubber nettings SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE NITROSAMINES; GENOTOXICITY; PRODUCTS; NITROSODIBUTYLAMINE; EXTRACTION; INVIVO; MEAT; RAT AB Boneless hams processed in elastic rubber nettings contain high levels of nitrosamines in the outermost layer, The precursors of the nitrosamines are zinc dibutyl- or dibenzyldithiocarbamate used as a vulcanizing agent in the formulation of the rubber. The outermost layer from 59 commercial hams was analyzed for 11 volatile nitrosamines including N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) and N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA), The principal nitrosamine, NDBzA, was detected in 32 (54%) ham samples at the 10-100 ppb range; it exceeded 100 ppb in 18 (30%) samples, with the highest at 512.2 ppb, No nitrosamine was detected in 7 of 59 ham samples. To determine the cause of the high NDBzA values, various types of unused nettings (from different manufacturers) accompanying the samples were analyzed for nitrosamines. No correlation was found between the NDBzA content of the hams and the nettings. The results suggest that the problem of nitrosamine formation in these products has not yet been resolved. C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,USDA,ATHENS,GA 30604. RP Fiddler, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LN,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 353 EP 358 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WP016 UT WOS:A1997WP01600013 PM 9086591 ER PT J AU Krynitsky, AJ AF Krynitsky, AJ TI Determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in water by capillary electrophoresis and by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID METSULFURON-METHYL; CHLORSULFURON; DERIVATIVES AB A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method and an electrospray ionization (ESI) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) confirmatory method were developed to analyze 12 sulfonylurea herbicides and one sulfonamide (Flumetsulam) in runoff water. The water used for fortification was collected from a local marsh that contained high levels of potentially interfering compounds. Good recoveries and adequate sensitivity at the 0.2 ppb level (limit of quantitation) were obtained, A portion of the water was acidified and extracted with reversed-phase solid-phase extraction (SPE). Extracts were cleaned up with a tandem system consisting of a strong-anion exchange SPE cartridge stacked on an alumina SPE cartridge. CE/ultraviolet quantitation was achieved by capillary zone electrophoresis at pH 4.75 with 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer and an acetonitrile modifier, ESI LC/MS quantitation was achieved by using a time-scheduled selective-ion monitoring (positive mode) of the M + H ions for each compound, The extraction/cleanup procedure provided extracts such that in-source collision-induced dissociation gave product ions for confirmation at the 0.2 ppb fortification level. RP Krynitsky, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANALYT CHEM LAB,US ENVIRON PROTECT AGCY,BLDG 306,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 392 EP 400 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WP016 UT WOS:A1997WP01600018 PM 9086596 ER PT J AU Goetsch, AL Patil, AR AF Goetsch, AL Patil, AR TI Relationships among splanchnic tissue energy consumption and net flux of nutrients, feed intake and digestibility in wethers consuming forage-based diets ad libitum SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sheep; metabolism; intake; digestibility; energy ID GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; RUMINANT LIVER; OXYGEN; LEVEL; HAY AB Data from crossbred catheterized wethers (38+/-0.6 hg body weight) consuming forage-based diets ad libitum in eleven experiments were used to determine relationships among splanchnic tissue energy consumption and net flux of nutrients, feed intake and digestibility. Portal-drained viscera (PDV) and hepatic energy consumption increased lineally as digestible energy intake (DEI) increased (PDV energy consumption, Mcal/d = 0.2005 + 0.0660 [DEI; Mcal/d] R(2) = 22%; hepatic energy consumption, Mcal/d 0.1457 + 0.0659 [DEI, Mcal/d R(2) = 25%. However; improvements in R(2) occurred when other independent variables were included in regressions (PDV energy consumption, Mcal/d = -0.0112 + 0.1659 [DEI; Mcal/d] - 0.0254 [DEI(2), Mcal/d] + [fecal neutral detergent fiber, kg/d] R(2) 34%; hepatic energy consumption = 0.0014 + 0.0266 [DEI, Mcal/d] + 0.3325 [PDV energy consumption, Mcal/d] + 0.0745 [hepatic urea nitrogen net flux, M/d] + 0.0016 [body weight, kg] R(2) = 48%). Splanchnic bed energy consumption as a percentage of DEI was best described (R(2) = 49%] by, 43.611 - 9.531 [DEI, Mcal/d] + 15.914 [fecal neutral detergent fiber; kg/d] + 6.057 [hepatic urea nitrogen net flux, M/d]. A regression of hepatic urea nitrogen net flux on hepatic net fluxes of alpha-amino and ammonia nitrogen accounted for 25% of valuation, of which 55 and 45% was attributable to alpha-amino and ammonia nitrogen, respectively. In conclusion, factors besides physiological workload as depicted by DEI accounted for variability in energy consumed by splanchnic tissues with ad libitum ingestion, of forage-based diets. The decreasing operation of DEI attributable to splanchnic bed use may, contribute to change in animal performance with increasing DEI. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,6883 SO ST HWY 23,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GARUDA SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS PI IZATNAGAR PA 151, JANAKPURI, IZATNAGAR 243 122, INDIA SN 0971-2119 J9 J APPL ANIM RES JI J. Appl. Anim. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WN836 UT WOS:A1997WN83600001 ER PT J AU Venkitanarayanan, KS Faustman, C Crivello, JF Khan, MI Hoagland, TA Berry, BW AF Venkitanarayanan, KS Faustman, C Crivello, JF Khan, MI Hoagland, TA Berry, BW TI Rapid estimation of spoilage bacterial load in aerobically stored meat by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA; PCR AB We report a quantitative PCR which utilizes primers from a conserved 23S rDNA sequence identified in nine different spoilage bacteria commonly present in meat. The PCR detected the spoilage bacteria by amplifying a specific 207 bp sequence from their chromosomal DNA. Quantification of PCR product by electrochemiluminescence revealed that the concentration of the amplified product was dependent on cycle number and the initial number of bacteria present in the sample. Statistical analysis of the results indicated a correlation coefficient of 0.94(P < 0.001)between aerobic plate count and QPCR luminosity units. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT ANIM SCI,STORRS,CT 06269. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PHYSIOL & NEUROBIOL,STORRS,CT 06269. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PATHOBIOL,STORRS,CT 06269. USDA,ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Faustman, Cameron/0000-0002-8061-5907 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 82 IS 3 BP 359 EP 364 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00368.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WM868 UT WOS:A1997WM86800012 PM 12455900 ER PT J AU Momol, MT Momol, EA Lamboy, WF Norelli, JL Beer, SV Aldwinckle, HS AF Momol, MT Momol, EA Lamboy, WF Norelli, JL Beer, SV Aldwinckle, HS TI Characterization of Erwinia amylovora strains using random amplified polymorphic DNA fragments (RAPDs) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC SIMILARITY COEFFICIENTS; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; PCR ARTIFACTS; MARKERS; BACTERIA AB The genetic diversity among 16 strains of Erwinia amylovora, chosen to represent different host plant origins and geographical regions, was investigated by RAPD analysis, One strain of Erwinia herbicola and one of, Agrobacterium vitis were used as outgroups. Ninety-eight different RAPD fragments were produced by polymerase chain reaction amplification with sis different 10-mer primers. RAPD banding profiles were found that enabled the Erw. amylovora strains to be distinguished from one another. Cluster analysis based on the number of RAPD fragments shared between strains showed that strains of Erw. amylovora isolated from subfamily Pomoideae formed a single group, whereas two strains from Rubus (subfamily Rosoideae) formed a second group, Two strains isolated from Asian pear on Hokkaido, Japan, formed a third group. Sets of RAPD fragments were identified that enabled each of the two host-range groups and one geographical region (Hokkaido) of Erw. amylovora strains to be unambiguously distinguished from one another and from the outgroups. This study shows that strains of Erw. amylovora exhibit genetic diversity detectable by RAPD analysis, and that molecular and statistical analysis of RAPD fragments can be used both to distinguish between strains and to determine relatedness between them. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,GENEVA,NY 14456. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,PGRU,GENEVA,NY 14456. RP Momol, MT (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 45 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 82 IS 3 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00377.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WM868 UT WOS:A1997WM86800016 PM 12455904 ER PT J AU Lyon, CE Bilgili, SF Dickens, JA AF Lyon, CE Bilgili, SF Dickens, JA TI Effects of chilling time and belt flattening on physical characteristics, yield, and tenderness of broiler breasts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE belt flattening; chicken breasts; extended chilling; length; tenderness; width; yield ID MEAT AB Removing the large breast muscle from broiler carcasses prior to the resolution of rigor mortis results in tough cooked meat. However, the practice of holding carcasses or front halves 8 to 24 hr after chilling prior to deboning to ensure tenderness in the cooked meat is costly with regard to refrigerated space, equipment, and labor. This study determined the effects of extending the chilling time (1, 2 or 3 hr) and subjecting the debonded breast muscles to belt flattening on subsequent physical dimensions (length and width), yield, and tenderness of he cooked meat. Maximum length, width, and weight of each muscle were recorded before and after flattening, and cooked yield and objective texture (tenderness) were evaluated to determine if a combination of the two treatments would eliminate the need to age carcasses for prolonged times prior to deboning. For objective texture, increasing the chilling time resulted in less force necessary to shear the cooked meat, and flattened breasts required less force to shear than did the unflattened breasts. Belt flattening resulted in a loss in weight and an increase in surface area (length and width) of the raw muscle. The combination of carcass chilling for 2 hr followed by belt flattening resulted in cooked meat that would be considered ''very tender''. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP Lyon, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XH565 UT WOS:A1997XH56500004 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Bailey, JS Berrang, ME Mauldin, JM AF Cox, NA Bailey, JS Berrang, ME Mauldin, JM TI Diminishing incidence and level of salmonellae in commercial broiler hatcheries SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler hatchery; fertile eggs; salmonellae; survey ID TYPHIMURIUM; POULTRY AB Salmonellae can penetrate egg shells without causing decomposition of the egg. As these chicks hatch, reservoirs of salmonellae can take hold on the commercial hatchery. Our study in 1990 sampled eggshells from hatching trays, belt swabs, and paper pads from three commercial hatcheries and found that 75.5%, 90.9% and 66.7% contamination, respectively. This study in 1995 repeated these samples, but found 22.5%, 52.2%, and 12.1% contamination, respectively. The decline in salmonellae contamination is both dramatic and encouraging, resulting from several important factors. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 90 EP 93 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XH565 UT WOS:A1997XH56500010 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Bailey, JS Berrang, ME AF Cox, NA Bailey, JS Berrang, ME TI The presence of Listeria monocytogenes in the integrated poultry industry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hatchery; Listeria; poultry; processing plant; retail outlet ID BROILER-CHICKENS; SLAUGHTERHOUSE LEVEL; CONTAMINATION; SALMONELLA; MEAT; SUPERMARKET; HATCHERIES; PREVALENCE AB This study attempted to determine if Listeria monocytogenes enters the processing plant on the live bird as presented to the processing plant, and if so what sources contribute to the contamination of live poultry. Samples were taken at the beginning of the broiler chick's life (in the hatchery), at the end of finished grow-out period (as the broiler chicken entered the processing plant), and as fully processed carcasses in the processing plant. Listeria monocytogenes was found on 6% of the egg fragments and on 1% of the chick transport pads. Only 1 of 115 whole bird rinses and none of the 115 ceca were contaminated upon entering the processing plant. After processing, 27 of 105 (25.7%) carcasses were positive for L. monocytogenes. These data suggest that Listeria infrequently enters the processing plant on the live broiler animals. However, the organism appears to take up residence in the processing plant, a situation which ultimately leads to cross contamination during processing. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 116 EP 119 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XH565 UT WOS:A1997XH56500014 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Provenza, FD Manners, GD Gardner, DR Ralphs, MH AF Pfister, JA Provenza, FD Manners, GD Gardner, DR Ralphs, MH TI Tall larkspur ingestion: Can cattle regulate intake below toxic levels? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE larkspur; alkaloids; intake regulation; toxicity; cattle ID PLANT SECONDARY COMPOUNDS; NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; DELPHINIUM-BARBEYI; DIET SELECTION; POSTINGESTIVE CONSEQUENCES; FOOD INGESTION; HERBIVORES; AVERSIONS; SHEEP; PHENOLOGY AB Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) is a toxic forb often consumed by cattle on mountain rangelands, with annual fatalities averaging about 5%. This study examined the relationship between food ingestion and toxicity in cattle. Two glazing studies suggested that larkspur consumption above 25-30% of cattle diets for one or two days led to reduced larkspur consumption on subsequent days. We subsequently hypothesized that cattle can generally limit intake of larkspur to sublethal levels. This hypothesis was tested by feeding a 27% larkspur pellet in experiment 1. Cattle given a 27% larkspur pellet ad libitum showed distinct cyclic patterns of intake, where increased larkspur consumption on one or two days was followed by reduced (P < 0.025) consumption on the following day. The amount of larkspur (mean 2007 g/day; 17.8 mg toxic alkaloid/kg body wt) consumed was just below a level that would produce overt signs of toxicity. Experiment 2 was conducted to examine cattle response to a toxin dose that varied with food intake. Lithium chloride (LiCl) paired with corn ingestion was used as a model toxin, and we hypothesized that if increased (decreased) consumption was followed by a stronger (weaker) dose of LiCl, cattle would show a transient reduction (increase) in corn intake. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between controls and treatment animals at the 20 or 40 mg LiCl/kg dose in the percentage of corn consumed, but the 80 mg LiCl/kg dose induced a cyclic response (mean 46%) compared to intake by controls (mean 96%) (P < 0.001). At the 80 mg/kg dose, LiCl induced an aversion to corn; when corn intake decreased on subsequent days and LiCl dose also decreased, cattle responded by increasing corn intake and apparently extinguishing the transient food aversion. Experiment 3 was similar to the LiCl trial, except that tall larkspur was the toxin. Cattle responded to oral gavage of ground larkspur with distinct cycles; days of higher corn consumption were followed by one to three days of reduced consumption. Corn intake for controls was higher (P < 0.01) than for larkspur-treated animals (means 84 and 52%, respectively; day x treatment interaction P < 0.01). The threshold for toxic effects on corn intake was 14 mg toxic alkaloid/kg body weight. In conclusion, cattle apparently limit ingestion of some toxins so that periods of high consumption are followed by periods of reduced consumption to allow for detoxification. Cyclic consumption generally enables cattle to regulate tall larkspur consumption below a toxic threshold and allows cattle the opportunity to safely use an otherwise nutritious, but toxic, plant. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA,ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84341, USA. NR 42 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 23 IS 3 BP 759 EP 777 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006409.20279.59 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WY103 UT WOS:A1997WY10300014 ER PT J AU Harari, AR Landolt, PJ AF Harari, AR Landolt, PJ TI Orientation of sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, to weevil, frass, and food odors SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE olfactometer; pheromone; volatiles; aggregation; behavior; attractant ID COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; ATTRACTION; SCARABAEIDAE; BEHAVIOR; POPULATIONS; RESPONSES; VOLATILES; CITRUS; BEETLE AB Adults of the sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, form aggregations on citrus trees, where they feed on new foliage. The relative roles of male and female weevils, frass, food, and combinations of these odor sources in aggregation formation were studied using a y-tube olfactometer. Female and male D. abbreviatus were attracted by food, males, females, and female or male frass. Females were most often attracted by damaged food (broken green beans), whereas males were similarly attracted to damaged food and either female frass, male frass, or heterosexual pairs. No enhancement of attraction by either sex was found when males and male frass were combined with damaged food. RP Harari, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL, 1700 SW 23RD DR, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. RI harari, ally/C-6566-2011 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 23 IS 3 BP 857 EP 868 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006416.96240.aa PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WY103 UT WOS:A1997WY10300021 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Chapman, SM Dong, ZM Ordovas, JM Mayadas, TN Herz, J Hynes, RO Schaefer, EJ Wagner, DD AF Johnson, RC Chapman, SM Dong, ZM Ordovas, JM Mayadas, TN Herz, J Hynes, RO Schaefer, EJ Wagner, DD TI Absence of P-selectin delays fatty streak formation in mice SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE cell adhesion; hypercholesterolemia; animal model for atherosclerosis; macrophage; endothelium ID GRANULE MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; HUMAN-ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; WEIBEL-PALADE BODIES; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; E-DEFICIENT MICE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; IN-VIVO; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION AB P-selectin is expressed on activated endothelium and platelets where it can bind monocytes, neutrophils, stimulated T cells, and platelets, Because recruitment of these cells is critical for atherosclerotic lesion development, we examined whether P-selectin might play a role in atherosclerosis. We intercrossed P-selectin-deficient mice with mice lacking the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) because these mice readily develop atherosclerotic lesions on diets rich in saturated fat and cholesterol. The atherogenic diet stimulated leukocyte rolling in the mesenteric venules of LDLR-deficient mice, and the increase in adhesiveness of the vessels was P-selectin-dependent. Most likely due to the reduced leukocyte interaction with the vessel wall, P-selectin-deficient mice on diet for 8-20 wk formed significantly smaller fatty streaks in the cusp region of the aortae than did P-selectin-positive mice. This difference was more prominent in mates. At 37 wk on diet, the lesions in the LDLR-deficient animals progressed to the fibrous plaque stage and were distributed throughout the entire aorta; their size or distribution was no longer dependent on P-selectin, Our results show that P-selectin-mediated adhesion is an important factor in the development of early atherosclerotic lesions, and that adhesion molecules such as P-selectin are involved in the complex process of atherosclerosis. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,CTR BLOOD RES,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT MOL GENET,DALLAS,TX 75235. MIT,CTR CANC RES,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT BIOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [2RO1 DK-18243, 5P60 DK-20593] NR 52 TC 181 Z9 189 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD MAR 1 PY 1997 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1043 DI 10.1172/JCI119231 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA WN152 UT WOS:A1997WN15200028 PM 9062362 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM AF Maragos, CM TI Measurement of mycotoxins in food with a fiber-optic immunosensor SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIGAND ASSAY LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL HEALTH; FUMONISIN B-1; ANTIBODIES; TOXICITY; CORN AB A fiber-optic immunosensor was used to determine concentrations of the mycotoxin fumonisin B-1 (FB1) in both spiked and naturally contaminated corn samples. Monoclonal antibodies produced against FB1 were covalently bound through a heterobifunctional silane to an etched 800 mu m core optical fiber. An evanescent wave effect was utilized to excite fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled FB1 (FB1-FITC) molecules near the surface of the fiber. A direct competitive assay was used to measure FB1 concentrations with the following steps: saturation of antibody binding sites by FB1-FITC, competition of FB1 and FB1-FITC with displacement of the labeled toxin, and resaturation of binding sites by FB1-FITC. The signal generated in the assay was found to be inversely proportional to the FB1 concentration, with an IC50 of 70 ng/mL and a limit of detection or 10 ng/mL. Corn samples were extracted with a mixture of methanol/water. Two methods were used to prepare the methanolic corn extracts before introduction to the immunosensor: 1) simple dilution of the methanolic corn extract; or 2: affinity column cleanup. Simple dilution of methanolic corn extracts yielded an assay with an IC50 equivalent to 25 mu g FB1/g corn and a limit of detection of 3.2 mu g/g corn, while affinity cleanup of corn extracts yielded an assay with an IC50 of 5 mu g FB1/g corn and a limit of detection of 0.4 mu g FB1/g corn. Naturally contaminated corn samples were also analyzed after either simple dilution or affinity column cleanup. For comparison the naturally contaminated corn samples were analyzed with an HPLC method. The HPLC method and the immunosensor method agreed well except when large amounts of other fumonisins that cross-react with the immunosensor (i.e. fumonisin B-2) were present. The immunosensor has the potential to rapidly screen individual corn samples for fumonisins. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CLINICAL LIGAND ASSAY SOC PI WAYNE PA 3139 S WAYNE RD, WAYNE, MI 48184 SN 1081-1672 J9 J CLIN LIGAND ASSAY JI J. Clin. Ligand Assay PD SPR PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1 BP 136 EP 140 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA WN391 UT WOS:A1997WN39100026 ER PT J AU Westerman, RB He, YS Keen, JE Littledike, ET Kwang, J AF Westerman, RB He, YS Keen, JE Littledike, ET Kwang, J TI Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O157 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; EPIFLUORESCENT FILTER TECHNIQUE; FALSE POSITIVE IDENTIFICATIONS; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO; ANTIGEN; ENUMERATION; MELITENSIS; INFECTION AB Identification of the O157 antigen is an essential part of the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, which is recognized as a major etiologic agent of hemorrhagic colitis, However, polyclonal antibodies produced against E. coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may react,vith several other bacteria including Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Yersinin enterocolitica O9, Escherichia hermannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. We produced eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the LPS of E. coli O157, Western blots (immunoblots) of both the phenol phase (smooth) and the aqueous phase (rough) of hot phenol-water-purified LPS indicated that three of the MAbs were specific for the O antigen and five were reactive with the LPS core, The eight MAbs could be further differentiated by their reactivities to Salmonella O30 LPS (group N), which is reported to be identical to the E. coli O157 antigen, All eight MAbs reacted strongly to all of the 64 strains of E, coli O157 tested, which included 47 isolates of O157:H7 and 17 other O157 strains, None of the eight MAbs cross-reacted with any of the 38 other E. coli serotypes tested, which consisted of 29 different O-antigen serotypes, or with 38 strains (22 genera) of non-E. coli gram-negative enteric bacteria. RP Westerman, RB (reprint author), ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,USDA,POB 166,STATE SPUR 18D,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 43 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 35 IS 3 BP 679 EP 684 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WJ848 UT WOS:A1997WJ84800029 PM 9041412 ER PT J AU Zuerner, RL Alt, D Bolin, CA AF Zuerner, RL Alt, D Bolin, CA TI IS1533-based PCR assay for identification of Leptospira interrogans Sensu latoe serovars (vol 33, pg 3285, 1995) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition RP Zuerner, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 35 IS 3 BP 802 EP 802 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WJ848 UT WOS:A1997WJ84800061 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV Akers, RM Smith, JJ AF Capuco, AV Akers, RM Smith, JJ TI Mammary growth in Holstein cows during the dry period: Quantification of nucleic acids and histology SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mammary growth; mammary involution; cell turnover ID GLAND; INVOLUTION; CELLS; MILK AB Influence of the dry period on mammary growth was studied using multiparous Holstein cows. Sixty days before expected parturition, 13 cows were dried off, and another 13 cows were milked throughout the prepartum period. Lactating cows and dry cows were slaughtered at 53, 35, 20, and 7 d prepartum. Total mammary parenchymal DNA increased twofold from 53 to 7 d prepartum without influence of lactation status. However, overall rate of [H-3]thymidine incorporation by mammary tissue was 80% greater in dry cows than in lactating cows, indicating that replacement of mammary cells was greater in dry cows. Of the mammary cells labeled with [H-3]thymidine, the percentage of epithelial cells in dry cows was greater than that in lactating cows (96% vs. 86%). By 7 d prepartum, epithelial calls accounted for a greater percentage of total mammary cells in dry cows than in lactating cows (83% vs. 74%). Tissue area occupied by alveolar or ductular lumina decreased by 25 d into the dry period (35 d prepartum) and then increased to a maximum by 7 d prepartum. None of the mammary epithelial cells in dry cows were classified as secretory at 35 d prepartum, but 98% of the epithelial cells of dry cows were classified as secretory at 7 d prepartum. Results indicated that mammary involution did not occur during a typical dry period of dairy cows. Data suggest that a dry period is important for replacing senescent mammary epithelial cells and increasing the epithelial component of the gland prior to the next lactation. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 143 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 3 BP 477 EP 487 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WR456 UT WOS:A1997WR45600007 PM 9098797 ER PT J AU Johnson, JC Gates, RN Newton, GL Wilson, JP Chandler, LD Utley, PR AF Johnson, JC Gates, RN Newton, GL Wilson, JP Chandler, LD Utley, PR TI Yield, composition, and in vitro digestibility of temperate and tropical corn hybrids grown as silage crops planted in summer SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn forage composition; tropical corn; in vitro digestion; corn forage yields AB Following the harvest of corn silage crops that were planted in spring, second crops of one temperate and four tropical corn hybrids were planted under conditions of minimum tilling in four replications on August 3, 1992 and harvested on October 11, 1992 (yr 1). During the 2nd yr, second crops were planted on July 21, 1993 and harvested on October 19, 1993. Dry matter yields of the hybrids ranked similarly for both years but differed among hybrids, ranging from 7800 to 11,430 kg/ha (yr 1) and from 8470 to 13,150 kg/ha (yr 2). The temperate hybrid yielded 20% (yr 1) and 26% (yr 2) less than the lowest yielding tropical hybrid. The proportion of grain in the dry matter (DM) differed across hybrids, ranging from 14.3 to 32.2% during yr 1 and from 18.0 to 32.4% during yr 2. Composition of the DM, excluding grain, also differed for the hybrids: acid detergent fiber ranged from 38.0 to 42.2% during yr 1 and 40.0 to 48.8% during yr 21 in vitro digestible DM ranged from 60.9 to 65.1% during yr 1 and from 53.0 to 64.6% during yr 2. The temperate hybrid was the highest in acid detergent fiber and the lowest in in vitro digestible DM. Lower digestibility during yr 2 was attributed to disease, which infected 24.9 to 40.4% of the foliage of tropical hybrids and 84.3% of the temperate hybrid. Whole plant DM digestibilities differed narrowly in yr 1 (68.8 to 70.4%) but differed widely in yr 2 (62.2 to 69.9%). There were important differences among yields and compositions of tropical hybrids planted in summer, but all were superior to the temperate hybrid. C1 USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Johnson, JC (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN STN,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 3 BP 550 EP 557 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WR456 UT WOS:A1997WR45600016 PM 9098806 ER PT J AU Luo, MF Wiggans, GR Hubbard, SM AF Luo, MF Wiggans, GR Hubbard, SM TI Variance component estimation and multitrait genetic evaluation for type traits of dairy goats SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE animal model; variance component estimation; dairy goat; type traits ID HOLSTEIN TYPE TRAITS; APPRAISAL SCORES; SINGLE-TRAIT; MILK-YIELD; PARAMETERS; MODELS; HERD AB Covariance components for final score and 13 linear type traits of dairy goats were estimated by multitrait REML using canonical transformation with an animal model. Data were 10,932 type appraisals from 1988 through 1994 from herds with greater than or equal to 40 appraisals. Heritabilities were estimated as 0.27 for final score, 0.52 for stature, 0.29 for strength, 0.24 for dairyness, 0.38 for teat diameter, 0.21 for rear legs, 0.32 for rump angle, 0.27 for rump width, 0.25 for fore udder attachment, 0.25 for rear udder height, 0.19 for rear udder arch, 0.25 for udder depth, 0.33 for suspensory ligament, and 0.36 for teat placement. Genetic correlations of linear type traits and final score were positive except for dairy-ness (-0.15) and teat diameter (-0.10); the largest correlations with final score were 0.66 for fore udder attachment, 0.44 for rear udder arch, 0.36 for rump width, and 0.30 for strength. The largest positive correlation among linear traits was 0.63 for stature and rump width; the largest negative correlation was -0.51 for strength and dairyness. Multitrait evaluations were calculated with data from all herds. Correlations between PTA calculated with animal and sire models ranged from 0.44 to 0.70 for bucks that had a PTA with a reliability of greater than or equal to 30%. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AMER DAIRY GOAT ASSOC,SPINDALE,NC 28160. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 3 BP 594 EP 600 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WR456 UT WOS:A1997WR45600022 PM 9098811 ER PT J AU Qian, JH Doran, JW Weier, KL Mosier, AR Peterson, TA Power, JF AF Qian, JH Doran, JW Weier, KL Mosier, AR Peterson, TA Power, JF TI Soil denitrification and nitrous oxide losses under corn irrigated with high-nitrate groundwater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; CARBON; FIELD; WATER; ACETYLENE; N2O AB Inappropriate management of irrigation water and fertilizer N in irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) has resulted in excess N leaching from the rooting zone and NO3- contamination of groundwater. A better understanding of microbially mediated conversion of plant available N to gaseous N forms is needed for more efficient N use, to evaluate the impact of radiatively important gas production such as nitrous oxide (N2O) on air quality, and to determine the potential of microbial denitrification for remediating high-NO3 irrigation water. Soil denitrification and N2O losses from pivot irrigated corn were measured during the 1991 and 1992 growing seasons using surface gas chambers at the Management System Evaluation Area (MSEA) site for water quality research in the Central Platte Valley near Shelton, NE. Denitrification and N2O losses remained low throughout most of the growing season, generally ranging from 10 to 50 g N ha(-1) d(-1), when soil water contents were generally below 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS). Nitrous oxide was the major gaseous N product under these conditions. When soils were wetted by irrigation or rainfall to >70% WFPS, denitrification losses ranged from 0.2 to 1.4 kg N ha(-1) d(-1) with N-2 comprising 80 to 98% of the denitrification gases measured. Monthly average denitrification losses across years were highly correlated (r = 0.693) with time of growing season, suggesting a possible link between plant growth and denitrification. Seasonal gaseous N losses via denitrification and N2O emission from irrigated corn represented 1 to 5% of the N applied as fertilizer or in irrigation water during a relatively dry 1991 season and the 1992 season with near normal precipitation. Results of our 2-yr study indicate that under good irrigation and N management practices gaseous N losses from denitrification and N2O production pose little additional threat to atmospheric quality or N-use efficiency but also provide little hope for bioremediation of high-NO3- groundwater. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CSIRO,CUNNINGHAM LAB,ST LUCIA,QLD 4067,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,W DES MOINES,IA 50265. NR 42 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 348 EP 360 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WP039 UT WOS:A1997WP03900003 ER PT J AU Baker, JL Laflen, JM Schreiber, MM AF Baker, JL Laflen, JM Schreiber, MM TI Potential for localized compaction to reduce leaching of injected anions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TILE DRAINAGE; NITRATE; SOIL; TILLAGE; FERTILIZATION; NITROGEN; MOVEMENT; CORN AB Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) frequently is found in subsurface drainage waters from N-fertilized cropland at concentrations exceeding 10 mg L(-1), the drinking water standard. In this laboratory study, localized compaction during bromide (Br) application was studied as a potential method to reduce concentrations of anions such as Br- and NO3- in water percolating from the top 30 cm of soil. Rainfall simulation was used to apply water under controlled conditions to undisturbed 76 by 76 by 30 cm deep soil columns taken from chisel-plowed and no-till fields in the fall after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] harvest. Potassium bromide at 149 kg ha(-1) was broadcast or point injected with, or without, compaction around the point of injection. There were no significant differences in water volumes percolating through the columns, but concentrations and losses of Br in drainage water for the compacted point injection treatment were significantly less than those in drainage water from soil columns for point injection without compaction or broadcast application. The average Br concentration for no-till compacted point injection was about 11% of the broadcast and 7% of the uncompacted point injection. For the chisel plow, the concentration for the compacted point injection was about 15% of both the broadcast and uncompacted point injection. Losses were also of about the same percentages. Localized compaction around the point of injection significantly reduced anion leaching in these undisturbed soil columns. This concept could be implemented in the field through design of applicators that compact the soil in a zone around either point-injected or knifed-in fertilizer. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Baker, JL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 387 EP 393 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WP039 UT WOS:A1997WP03900007 ER PT J AU Martens, DA Suarez, DL AF Martens, DA Suarez, DL TI Selenium speciation of marine shales, alluvial soils, and evaporation basin soils of California SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-MATERIAL; SELENIFEROUS SEDIMENT; KESTERSON RESERVOIR; SELENATE REDUCTION; FIELD; VOLATILIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; ENVIRONMENT; BACTERIA; CARBON AB The surface exposed shales of the Moreno and Kreyenhagen Formations are considered to be the sources of selenium (Se) that have enriched soils of the west-central San Joaquin Valley of California. Although the total Se content for the source shales and the resulting alluvial, seleniferous soils has been reported, the distribution of Se oxidation states has not been determined in these materials. This study investigates the Se speciation trends in the seleniferous source shales, the adjacent alluvial soils, the San Luis Drain sediment to the Kesterson evaporation pond soils. The surface-exposed Moreno shales (5.21 mg total Se kg(-1)) had half of the Se content of the less exposed Kreyenhagen shale (10.94 mg total Se kg(-1)). The elemental Se (Se-0) concentration was similar in the two shales, but the selenate (Se + VI), selenite (Se + IV), and selenide (Se-II) concentrations were lower in the Moreno shale as compared with the Kreyenhagen shale. The Se in the San Luis Drain sediment (83.8 mg total Se kg(-1)) was enriched in the Se-0 and the Se-II fractions (91.4% of Se inventory). The soils of the Kesterson evaporation pond 4 (47.8 mg total Se kg(-1)), 7 (6.7 mg total Se kg(-1)), and 11 (5.4 mg total Se kg(-1)) were also enriched in Se with 86, 76, and 48% of the Se inventory present in the Se-0 and Se-II fractions, respectively. The organic C content also decreased in the sequence, San Luis Drain, Kesterson pond 4, 7, and 11, from 33.3, 26.7, and 19.3 g C, to 15.1 g C kg(-1) soil material, respectively, suggesting a relationship between Se concentrations and organic C levels. A linear relationship between the sum of (Se-II and Se-0)-Se and organic C levels (R(2) = 0.96*; significant at the 0.05 level) was noted for the analyzed San Luis Drain sediment and the Kesterson soils. For the nine soil materials, an exponential relationship (R(2) = 0.96) was determined for the sum of (Se-II and Se-0)-Se and organic C contents, suggesting that the Se in the materials tested was highly associated with the soil organic matter fraction. An additional 12 Se analyses and organic C contents from Se contaminated semiarid and irrigation drainage water evaporation basin soils obtained from the literature closely fit the exponential function established for the nine soil materials. The results suggest that an initial release of organic-associated Se would be expected with increased C oxidation, along with a slower, long-term release of the refractory Se, due to the reversion of the former Kesterson wetland evaporation pond ecosystem back to a native semiarid grassland. RP Martens, DA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012 NR 38 TC 39 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 424 EP 432 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WP039 UT WOS:A1997WP03900012 ER PT J AU Koskinen, WC Barber, BL AF Koskinen, WC Barber, BL TI A novel approach using solid phase extraction disks for extraction of pesticides from water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SAMPLES AB Pressures to reduce hazardous solvent use in traditional procedures for pesticide extractions from water have increased the use of solid phase extraction (SPE) technology. We have expanded the use of SPE disks beyond the procedural techniques previously used. Pesticides are sorbed onto preconditioned SPE disks placed directly into the water in the sample collection bottle and then eluted off the disks by solvents in the same bottle, bypassing the laboratory extraction process and reducing costs by eliminating the need for expensive vacuum filtering glassware. We determined atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-[1-methylethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) acetochlor (2-chloro-N-[ethoxymethyl]-N-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]acetamide), [2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]acetamide), and alachlor (2-chloro-N-[2,6-diethylphenyl]-N-[methylmethyl]acetamide) recovery from water as a function of contact time, degree of mixing, and disk size. Shaking 47-mm C8 extraction disks in 500 mL water for 20 h, follow ed by elution with ethyl acetate in the same sample collection bottle, resulted in >70% recovery of the three herbicides (1 mu g L(-1)) compared to >90% recovery for atrazine achieved with traditional vacuum-filtering er;traction. This research suggests a simpler approach for pesticide extraction from water samples compared to current methods, and may allow for in-field extraction of some pesticides. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,1991 UPPER BUFORD CLR,RM 439,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 558 EP 560 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WP039 UT WOS:A1997WP03900028 ER PT J AU Edwards, JW Stevens, EE Dachelet, CA AF Edwards, JW Stevens, EE Dachelet, CA TI Insert modifications improve access to artificial red-cockaded woodpecker nest cavities SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A design for a modified, artificial Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity insert is presented. This modification allowed eggs and young to be inspected easily, removed, and replaced throughout the nesting period. Modifications to cavity inserts are best done before installation, but can be easily retrofitted in existing artificial cavities. On the basis of our success, we believe this modification offers several advantages over original artificial cavity designs: (1) eggs and young can be easily removed for measurement, banding. or other scientific purposes, (2) debris and nesting material from other cavity users can be easily removed, and (3) modifications caused no apparent changes in adult behavior. This modification should encourage additional Red-cockaded Woodpecker research requiring access to eggs and nestlings. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,SO RES STN,US FOREST SERV,USDA,CLEMSON,SC 29634. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 68 IS 2 BP 228 EP 234 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA WX048 UT WOS:A1997WX04800007 ER PT J AU Purcell, KL AF Purcell, KL TI Use of fiberscope for examining cavity nests SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL CAVITIES; BIRDS; BOXES; OCCUPATION AB A system is described that uses a fiberscope to view nests in cavities to provide detailed information on eggs and nestlings. The flexible probe can be inserted around bends, and the tip articulates to allow viewing of the entire cavity and nest A light guide bundle furnishes light to enable viewing of dark cavities and optical fibers transmit the image from the lens to the eyepiece. Using the fiberscope, we were able to get accurate egg counts and to see details of the nestlings that indicated age and development, including feather growth and whether the eyes were open. Nest checks were also quicker than using the standard light and mirror apparatus. Drawbacks include cost and, possibly, durabilty. RP Purcell, KL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2081 E SIERRA AVE,FRESNO,CA 93710, USA. RI Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 68 IS 2 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA WX048 UT WOS:A1997WX04800013 ER PT J AU Bull, EL Blumton, AK AF Bull, EL Blumton, AK TI Roosting behavior of postfledging Vaux's Swifts in northeastern Oregon SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In the first 3 wk after young Vaux's Swifts (Chaetura vauxi) in northeastern Oregon left the nest, 64% of adult swifts and 44% of juvenile swifts roosted in the nest tree. The remainder of the time the, roosted in trees up to 9.2 km from the nest. Juveniles used more roost trees ((x) over bar = 2.0) than did adults ((x) over bar = 1.5), and went farther from the nest to a roost ((x) over bar = 3.3 km) than did adults ((x) over bar = 1.5 km). Some radio-tagged swifts left their nesting areas in Oregon in late August and early September and were found at large communal roosts sheltering more than 500 swifts. These large roosts were used until mid-September when swifts left the study areas. RP Bull, EL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,USDA,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 68 IS 2 BP 302 EP 305 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA WX048 UT WOS:A1997WX04800016 ER PT J AU Buchanan, RL Bagi, LK AF Buchanan, RL Bagi, LK TI Microbial competition: Effect of culture conditions on the suppression of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A by Carnobacterium piscicola SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE bacteriocins; pH; temperature; sodium chloride; modeling ID GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURES; STRAIN; MEAT; LK5; CP5 AB The effects of temperature (4, 12, and 19 degrees C), pH (5, 6, and 7), and NaCl (5, 25, and 45 g/liter) on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in the presence of either Carnobacterium piscicola LK5 or 2762 were studied quantitatively in brain heart infusion broth. Strain LK5 produces a bacteriocin that is released into the environment, whereas 2762 appears to produce a bacteriocin that remains cell associated. The primary effect of both C. piscicola strains was a suppression of the maximum population density (MPD) attained by L. monocytogenes. The extent of this depression was dependent on the three culture variables, and appeared to be a function of their influence on the relative growth rates of the two species. The effects were similar with both strains. However, two bacteriocin-negative strains, 2305 and 2818, also depressed the growth of L. monocytogenes. Little of the C. piscicola isolates' ability to suppress L. monocytogenes appeared attributable to bacteriocin production. The MPD-depressing activity of 2762 could not be attributed to peroxide, pH depression, or oxygen depletion. However, MPD suppression may involve nutrient depletion, since the extent of MPD suppression was decreased in a dose-related manner when the two species were cultured in 3 x and 6 x brain heart infusion broth. RP Buchanan, RL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 14 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 60 IS 3 BP 254 EP 261 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA WP133 UT WOS:A1997WP13300008 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Snyder, OP Marmer, BS AF Juneja, VK Snyder, OP Marmer, BS TI Potential for growth from spores of Bacillus cereus and Clostridium botulinum and vegetative cells of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella serotypes in cooked ground beef during cooling SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE spores; vegetative cells; cooked ground beef; cooling rate ID PATHOGENS; VEHICLES AB The ability of 16 foodborne pathogens, representative of 5 different species, to grow during cooling of previously sterilized cooked beef was studied to determine a safe cooling rate. Autoclaved ground beef samples (3 g) were inoculated with heat-shocked spores of Bacillus cereus (strain BH 86) or Clostridium botulinum (nonproteolytic type B strains CBW 25, 17B, and KAP B5 and type E strains Whitefish, Saratoga, and Alaska) or vegetative cells of Listeria monocytogenes (strains HO-VJ-S, V-7, and Scott A), Staphylococcus aureus (strains 196E, B121, and B124), or Salmonella serotypes (S. dublin, S. enteritidis, and S. typhimurium), vacuum-packaged, and cooked in a stirred water bath to an internal temperature of 60 degrees C in 1 h. In some experiments combinations of C. botulinum and B. cereus spores or S. aureus and salmonellae vegetative cells were used. Heated samples were cooled through the temperature range of 54.4 to 7.2 degrees C at rates varying from 6 to 21 h. Samples were removed at various times during cooling to determine if growth of the pathogens had occurred. No growth was observed with cooling periods of up to 21 h. This study with the model meat system (3 g autoclaved ground beef inoculated with selected pathogens and then pasteurized) indicated that cooling from 52.4 to 7.2 degrees C in up to 21 h would not pose a food safety hazard from growth of these pathogens. C1 HOSPITALITY INST TECHNOL & MANAGEMENT,ST PAUL,MN 55114. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 60 IS 3 BP 272 EP 275 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA WP133 UT WOS:A1997WP13300011 ER PT J AU Kotula, KL Kotula, AW Rose, BE Pierson, CJ Camp, M AF Kotula, KL Kotula, AW Rose, BE Pierson, CJ Camp, M TI Reduction of aqueous chlorine by organic material SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE lean; fat; agar; serum albumin; residual chlorine ID INACTIVATION AB Aqueous chlorine, used to reduce surface bacteria populations on carcasses of slaughter animals after evisceration, during chilling, and after transport, dissipates in the presence of organic matter. This study characterized the amount of residual chlorine present when aqueous HOCl was exposed to bovine serum albumin, bovine lean muscle, porcine adipose tissue, or Trypticase soy agar (TSA) surfaces. Test chlorine solutions, made using Ca (OCl)(2), contained 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, or 3,200 ppm chlorine, the latter two concentrations being used only in the case of albumin. Chlorine depletion by albumin was almost instantaneous, but was influenced by the amount of albumin present and the initial chlorine concentration. Chlorine exposed to organic surfaces was reduced most readily by lean muscle, then by TSA, and least by adipose tissue. Available chlorine was reduced by about 62% when the volume of aqueous chlorine was 22 ml/cm(2) of lean muscle and by about 89% when the volume of aqueous chlorine was 0.69 ml/cm(2). With increasing exposure time, the exposure to lean and fat decreased available chlorine by an average of about 10% in 4 min, 27% in 32 min, and 45% in 96 min. Thirteen pure bacterial cultures and two mixed cultures associated with meat were exposed to aqueous chlorine to characterize the effectiveness of the chlorine. All cultures except Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis were destroyed within 15 s by 3 ppm chlorine. Based on the data, the authors conclude that (a) available chlorine reduction is dependent on exposure time, chlorine concentration, and amount/source of organic material and (b) bacterial inactivation by aqueous chlorine is species specific. These data are of value for estimating chlorine dose for carcass decontamination during washing/chilling and for confirming that bacterial resistance to HOCl is species specific. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT ANIM & FOOD SCI,NEWARK,DE 19716. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT ANIM SCI,STORRS,CT 06268. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. JEROME FOODS INC,BARRON,WI 54812. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 60 IS 3 BP 276 EP 282 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA WP133 UT WOS:A1997WP13300012 ER PT J AU Baker, RA AF Baker, RA TI Reassessment of some fruit and vegetable pectin levels SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE pectin; fruit; vegetable; citrus ID DIETARY FIBER; APPLES; COMPONENTS; CHEMISTRY; PRODUCTS; STORAGE; TEXTURE AB Several reviews of pectin as a soluble fiber have included unreliable tables of pectin content for fruits and vegetables. Values given for ranges of pectin content in the fresh, edible portion are actually presented in original reports variously as peel pectin content, dry weight values, soluble rather than total pectins, and some values have been for unripe fruit. This has resulted in reporting pectin levels for some products that may be 2-10 times higher than other published data on the same product. This report examines the original sources and errors of such data and, when available, provides other more substantiated published values. RP Baker, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33880, USA. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 19 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 62 IS 2 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb03973.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WV152 UT WOS:A1997WV15200003 ER PT J AU Cameron, RG Baker, RA Grohmann, K AF Cameron, RG Baker, RA Grohmann, K TI Citrus tissue extracts affect juice cloud stability SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE citrus; juice cloud; cloud stability; pectinmethylesterase; pectin ID PECTIN METHYLESTERASE; PECTINESTERASES; PURIFICATION; PECTINMETHYLESTERASE; FORMS; LIMON; PULP AB Salt extractable proteins were isolated from hand expressed juice, rag and peel of Valencia oranges. Each tissue extract was divided into dialysis supernatant (DS) and precipitate (DP) (forms during dialysis). DP, DS and DS heated for 2 min at 80 degrees C (HDS) were added to pasteurized, reconstituted frozen concentrated orange juice at 5 U.mL(-1) of pectinmethylesterase. Samples were incubated either at 25 degrees C for 14 days or 4 degrees C for 28 days and periodically sampled to determine the effects of tissue extracts on juice cloud stability. Tissue specific differences were observed for the rate of juice cloud precipitation and among the HDS, DS, and DP fractions of a given tissue. HDS fractions destabilized juice cloud more rapidly than DS or DP at both 25 and 4 degrees C. RP Cameron, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S,NW POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 62 IS 2 BP 242 EP 245 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb03976.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WV152 UT WOS:A1997WV15200006 ER PT J AU Kyung, KH Han, DC Fleming, HP AF Kyung, KH Han, DC Fleming, HP TI Antibacterial activity of heated cabbage juice, S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and methyl methanethiosulfonate SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antibacterial activity; autoclaved cabbage; S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide; methyl methanethiosulfonate; Staphylococcus aureus AB Autoclaved cabbage juice was inhibitory to growth of Staphylococcus aureus. S-Methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO), autoclaved either together with or separately from nutrient broth, also inhibited the growth of S. aureus, but inhibition was greater when SMCSO was autoclaved separately. Methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTSO2), a thermal breakdown product of SMCSO, completely inhibited growth of S. aureus at 10 ppm. MMTSO2 was formed in both autoclaved samples of cabbage juice and aqueous solution of SMCSO. Thus, evidence indicates that the bacterial inhibitory activity in autoclaved cabbage juice was due to heat-induced formation of MMTSO2 from SMCSO. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Kyung, KH (reprint author), SEJONG UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,SUNGDONG KU,KUNJA DONG,SEOUL 133747,SOUTH KOREA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 62 IS 2 BP 406 EP 409 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb04013.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WV152 UT WOS:A1997WV15200043 ER PT J AU Bramlett, DL AF Bramlett, DL TI Genetic gain from mass controlled pollination and topworking SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE RP Bramlett, DL (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,ROUTE 2,BOX 240,JULIETTE,GA 31046, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 95 IS 3 BP 15 EP 19 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WK758 UT WOS:A1997WK75800007 ER PT J AU Bauer, LS AF Bauer, LS TI Fiber farming with insecticidal trees SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE; VAR SAN-DIEGO; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; CRYSTAL PROTEINS; RESISTANCE; TRANSFORMATION; COLEOPTERA; POPULUS C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP Bauer, LS (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 95 IS 3 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WK758 UT WOS:A1997WK75800008 ER PT J AU Pezold, F Crump, B Flaherty, W AF Pezold, F Crump, B Flaherty, W TI Seasonal patterns of fish abundance in two mountain creeks of the Little Missouri River Drainage, Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMALLMOUTH BASS; STREAM FISHES; FLOW REGIME; HEADWATER; TRIBUTARIES; VARIABILITY; MOVEMENT; RIFFLE AB Abundance and distributions for five taxonomic groups of fishes were recorded by underwater surveys in two headwater streams of the Little Missouri River System in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. Observations were made from February to November 1993. Two components of the native fish assemblage were discernible: year-round residents and spring-to-fall residents. Creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) and central stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum) appeared to be year-around residents. Two types of spring-to-fall residents were recognized: species represented by juveniles only, and species represented by ail age classes. Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) observed in the creeks were primarily juveniles. Longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) and several shiner species (Cyprinidae) were observed breeding in the creeks. C1 NE LOUISIANA UNIV,ZOOL MUSEUM,MONROE,LA 71209. US FOREST SERV,USDA,OUACHITA NATL FOREST,GLENWOOD,AR 71943. RP Pezold, F (reprint author), NE LOUISIANA UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MONROE,LA 71209, USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 12 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1080/02705060.1997.9663508 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA WM932 UT WOS:A1997WM93200006 ER PT J AU Peiffer, ML Gildow, FE Gray, SM AF Peiffer, ML Gildow, FE Gray, SM TI Two distinct mechanisms regulate luteovirus transmission efficiency and specificity at the aphid salivary gland SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARLEY YELLOW DWARF; BASAL LAMINAE; RECEPTOR; MOSQUITO; BINDING; INSECT; VIRUS AB Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (BYDV) particles are transmitted by aphids in a species-specific manner. Transmission to plants requires that the virus particles be transported across the basal lamina and plasmalemma of the accessory salivary gland (ASG). To characterize the role of the ASG basal lamina in regulating BYDV transmission, five aphid species were microinjected with purified New York isolates BYDV-PAV or -RPV, Both viruses associated specifically only with the ASG basal lamina, The ability of virions to penetrate the basal lamina was separate from the ability to penetrate the plasmalemma. When the salivary glands of vector, Sitobion avenae or non-vector, Rhopalosiphum maidis, aphids were incubated in vitro with New York isolate BYDV-MAV, virions only attached to the ASG basal lamina of S. avenae. When anionic and cationic ferritin were microinjected into aphids, only cationic ferritin aggregated on the surface of the ASG basal lamina and at openings of plasmalemma invaginations into the cytoplasm, suggesting that these sites had a net negative charge. In vitro studies of anionic and cationic gold penetration of ASG basal laminae indicated a macromolecular size exclusion limit of approximately 20 nm that depended on charge, Anionic gold particles did not accumulate in the basal lamina as densely as the 25 nm BYDV particles, suggesting that the virus particles have a greater affinity for the ASG basal lamina. These results indicate that both the ASG basal lamina and plasmalemma contain specific components independently involved in the recognition and transmission of luteoviruses. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 18 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 78 BP 495 EP 503 PN 3 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA WL178 UT WOS:A1997WL17800001 PM 9049397 ER PT J AU Conn, JE Mitchell, SE Cockburn, AF AF Conn, JE Mitchell, SE Cockburn, AF TI Mitochondrial DNA variation within and between two species of neotropical anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; POPULATION-GENETICS; RESTRICTION DATA; GENUS ANOPHELES; NUNEZTOVARI; SEQUENCE; GAMBIAE; VECTORS; DIFFERENTIATION AB We analyzed variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of two neotropical mosquitoes, Anopheles rangeli (n = 181) and A. trinkae (n = 45), with very different distribution patterns in Latin America, to assess species boundaries for these putative sister taxa and to examine population genetic structure, Phylogenetic analyses revealed (1) support for the monophyletic origin of each species; (2) diagnostic restriction site differences between the species; (3) geographic partitioning of haplotypes by country in A. rangeli from Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela compared with considerable overlap in haplotypes of A, trinkae from Bolivia and Ecuador; and (4) similar levels of mean haplotype and nucleotide diversity in both species, but lower levels of mean nucleotide divergence in A. trinkae compared with A, rangeli, We hypothesize that higher maternal gene flow and lower divergence in A. trinkae are most likely due either to a distinctive matrilineal history or to a smaller effective population size, which may have been influenced by a smaller, essentially linear geographic range along the eastern flank of the Andes, In the cladistic analysis of A. rangeli, the Bolivian haplotypes appear to be more derived than those from Ecuador or Venezuela, yet there is no evidence to support the hypothesis of a recent range expansion from Ecuador into Bolivia. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FLORIDA MED ENTOMOL LAB,VERO BEACH,FL 32962. USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL. RI Cockburn, Andrew/B-1354-2009; OI Cockburn, Andrew/0000-0002-1636-9019; Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020 FU PHS HHS [A1-31034] NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 88 IS 2 BP 98 EP 107 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WR035 UT WOS:A1997WR03500003 PM 9099005 ER PT J AU Simon, CJ Muehlbauer, FJ AF Simon, CJ Muehlbauer, FJ TI Construction of a chickpea linkage map and its comparison with maps of pea and lentil SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID CICER-ARIETINUM-L; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH; GENETIC-LINKAGE; ISOZYME LOCI; INHERITANCE; DNA; POLYMORPHISMS; MARKERS; CONSERVATION; EVOLUTION AB An integrated genetic linkage map of chickpea (Cicer) has been developed that consists of 9 morphological, 27 isozyme, 10 RFLP, and 45 RAPD markers covering 550 cM, The map was made from segregation data from populations of three interspecific crosses of cultivated chickpea (C. arietinum, 2n = 16) and a closely related wild species (C. reticulatum, 2n = 16), The linkage map has 10 linkage groups representing the eight chromosomes of chickpea, Interspecific crosses were chosen for mapping because of the extremely low level of polymorphism found within the cultivated chickpea species, Several regions of the genome were found to be slightly skewed from the expected Mendelian ratios of alleles. The map was compared with published maps for pea (Pisum) and lentil (Lens), Five regions of the chickpea map have gene orders that are similar to those found in the pea genome, The degree of similarity is somewhat less than that found between pea and lentil, which is consistent with the evolutionary distances between these three genera. We have also observed that lentil genomic DNA RFLP probes hybridize poorly to chickpea DNA, indicating considerable divergence of these genomes at the sequence level. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,GRAIN LEGUME GENET & PHYSIOL UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Simon, CJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GERMPLASM INTRODUCT & TESTING UNIT,59 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 25 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 88 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WR035 UT WOS:A1997WR03500005 ER PT J AU Zantoko, L Shukle, RH AF Zantoko, L Shukle, RH TI Genetics of virulence in the hessian fly to resistance gene H13 in wheat SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID STUNT WINTER-WHEAT; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; UNITED-STATES; ABILITY; CYTOGENETICS; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE; BIOTYPE AB The present work was undertaken to determine if virulence in the Hessian fly operates on a gene-for-gene basis with respect to resistance gene H13, an undeployed gene for resistance being incorporated into wheat cultivars for Hessian fly protection, Results revealed virulence was controlled by a single recessive, sex-linked gene (virulence to H13, vrH13), Additionally, genetic analysis of virulent/avirulent phenotypes confirmed previous observations that males express only maternally derived sex chromosomes in the soma, Segregation of white and dark eye color in H13 virulent F-2 backcross individuals showed a significant (P < .001) deviation from the expected 1:1 phenotypic ratio, which indicated the locus controlling the white-eye trait was linked to the locus controlling virulence to H13. Recombination frequency between the white allele and vrH13 was 24.3 +/- 0.02%. Application of knowledge concerning the genetic control of virulence in the Hessian fly to resistance in wheat is discussed with respect to the pyramiding of resistance genes in wheat, and use of the white-eye phenotype to facilitate identifying molecular markers linked to H13 virulence is described. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 88 IS 2 BP 120 EP 123 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WR035 UT WOS:A1997WR03500006 ER PT J AU Ilarslan, H Skorupska, HT Horner, HT Palmer, RG AF Ilarslan, H Skorupska, HT Horner, HT Palmer, RG TI Cytology and genetics of a tissue culture-derived soybean genic male-sterile, female-sterile SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MAX L MERR; GLYCINE-MAX; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; PHENOTYPIC-EXPRESSION; HIGHER-PLANTS; MALE-FERTILE; MUTANT; MICROSPOROGENESIS; MS1 AB A completely male-sterile, female-sterile mutant was derived from tissue culture of cv, Calland, The primary goal was to identify its inheritance, allelism, and cytology, Calland sterile (TC) was nonallelic with st(2), st(3), st(4), and st(5) female-sterile and male-sterile mutants, In all crosses, except st(5), single-gene recessive inheritance was documented, Critical ratios, 15 fertile:1 sterile (for two loci) and 45 fertile:19 sterile (for three loci), were observed in the F-2 families from the cross of heterozygous Calland TC and St(5)st(5). F-3 segregation data confirmed the duplicate factor inheritance of Calland TC, Calland TC was designated St(6)st(6)st(7)st(7) and assigned the genetic type collection number T331H, The mutant was studied for abnormalities during microsporogenesis, The first abnormality was the occurrence of hollow-core nucleoli in sporogenous mass cells, During anaphase I and anaphase II of meiosis, lagging chromosomes and unequal chromosome segregation were observed, resulting in numerically and genetically unbalanced microspore nuclei, This also resulted in four microspores, and in five to eight microspores held together by common callose walls, Dissolution of callose released microspores into locules, Most microspores enlarged and were surrounded by microspore/pollen walls, After microspore mitosis, most young pollen grains degenerated, No viable pollen grains were evident, The sterility in Calland TC can be attributed to desynapsis. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT AGRON,CLEMSON,SC. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,CLEMSON,SC. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,BESSEY MICROSCOPY FACIL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. RP Ilarslan, H (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 88 IS 2 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WR035 UT WOS:A1997WR03500008 ER PT J AU Branch, WD Williams, DE Williams, EJ AF Branch, WD Williams, DE Williams, EJ TI Inheritance of black-pod color in peanut SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article AB A cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp, fastigiata var, fastigiata) was recently found with black outer pod color. This is the first report of a genetically controlled Black-Pod trait in peanut. Color change of the outer pod layer (exocarp) was found to coincide with maturation similar to that previously observed within the middle pod layer (mesocarp). Crosses with this true-breeding accession (PI 560927) both between and within subspecies of the cultigen indicated a single dominant gene, designated Bp, for the Black-Pod trait. No cytoplasmic effects were detected among progenies from reciprocal crosses, and linkage was not detected between genes for Black-Pod and dominant Krinkle-Leaf or Black-Pod and dominant red testa color. C1 INT PLANT GENET RESOURCES INST,CIAT,CALI,COLOMBIA. USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742. RP Branch, WD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 88 IS 2 BP 156 EP 158 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WR035 UT WOS:A1997WR03500014 ER PT J AU Jurd, L AF Jurd, L TI New anti-tumor agents .3. Phenolic benzopyran lactone and amine derivatives SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB 2-Aminopyridine, sesamol and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde condense to form a Mannich base 3b which reacts with tetronic acid to yield lactone 4c. Cyclization of 4c yields the benzopyran lactone Ib; this inhibits growth of tumors in NCI in vitro tests. Alkaline hydrolysis of acetylated and methylated intermediate lactones, e.g. 4e, in the presence of acetone leads to the formation of novel lactones, e.g., of type 6, which incorporate the acetone nucleus. Compound 6 is of interest since it inhibits tumor growth in vitro and has been selected by NCI for ongoing in vivo testing with human cancers. Heating 3b with mixtures of propionaldehyde and secondary amines such as morpholine leads to 3-methylbenzopyrans containing the amine nucleus, e.g. 7b. Unlike 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl compounds, e.g. 7a, phenolic analogs of type 7b do not inhibit growth of tumors in vitro. RP Jurd, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI ODESSA PA PO BOX 993, ODESSA, FL 33556-0993 SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 34 IS 2 BP 601 EP 604 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA WZ325 UT WOS:A1997WZ32500040 ER PT J AU Kuenen, LPS Calderone, NW AF Kuenen, LPS Calderone, NW TI Transfers of Varroa mites from newly emerged bees: Preferences for age- and function-specific adult bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Varroa mite; honey bee; behavior; Varroa jacobsoni; Apis mellifera; host choice; host preference ID HONEY-BEES; JACOBSONI OUD; UNITED-STATES; RECOGNITION; INVASION; HISTORY; WORKER; LARVAE; BROOD; RACES AB Movements of the parasitic honey bee mite, Varroa jacobsoni (Oud.) were monitored in several assays as they moved among adult host honey bees, Apis mellifera. We examined the propensity of mites to leave their hosts and to move onto new bee hosts. We also examined their preference for bees of different age and hive function. Mites were standardized by selecting mites from newly emerged worker bees (NEWs). In closed jars, 50% of Varroa left NEWs irreversibly when no physical path was present for the mites to return to the NEWs; about 90% of mites left newly emerged drones in identical assays. In petri dish arenas, mites were rarely seen off NEW hosts when monitored at 15-min intervals for 4 h; this was the case for single NEWs with one mite (NEWs+) and when a NEW+ and a NEW- (no mites) were placed together in a petri dish. When a NEW+ was held with either a nurse bee or a pollen forager, 25% of the mites moved to the older bees. When both a nurse and a pollen forager were placed in a petri dish with a NEW+, about 50% of the mites transferred to older bees; nurse bees received about 80% of these mites, whereas pollen foragers received significantly fewer mites (about 20%, P < 0.05). Most mite transfers occurred during the first 30 min after combining NEWs+ and test bees. When NEWs+ were combined with bees of known ages, rather than function, mites transferred more often to young bees than to older bees (1- and 5-day-old bees vs. 25-day-old bees, P < 0.05; 1-day-old vs. 13- and 25-day-old bees; P < 0.05). No differences in proportions of transferring mites were seen when the range of bee ages was less than or equal to 8 days (P > 0.05), implying that the factors mediating the mites' adult-host preference change gradually with bee age. A possible chemical basis for host choice by Varroa is indicated by their greater propensity to move onto freezer-killed nurse bees than onto freezer-killed pollen foragers (P < 0.05) and by their lower movement onto heat-treated bees than onto control bees (P < 0.05). Bee age, hive function, and directional changes in cuticular chemistry are all correlated. Movements of newly emerged mites in relation to these variables may provide insights into their reproductive success in Apis mellifera colonies. C1 USDA ARS,BARC E,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20770. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 21 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 213 EP 228 DI 10.1007/BF02765554 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XH960 UT WOS:A1997XH96000005 ER PT J AU Adams, JR Clark, TB Tompkins, GJ Neel, WW Schroder, RF Schaefer, PW AF Adams, JR Clark, TB Tompkins, GJ Neel, WW Schroder, RF Schaefer, PW TI Histopathological investigations on Rickettsiella-like sp. and nonoccluded viruses infecting the pecan weevil Curculio caryae, the squash beetle Epilachna borealis, and the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rickettsiella-like organisms; virus-like particles; ultrastructural investigations; pecan weevil; squash beetle; Mexican bean beetle ID PARTICLES; CHLAMYDIA AB Electron microscopic observations of abnormal specimens of pecan weevils, Curculio caryae, squash beetles, Epilachna borealis, and Mexican bean beetles, Epilachna varivestis, obtained from insect-rearing facilities and from field collections revealed that rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs) and viruses caused disease in these species. Several pleomorphic forms of the RLOs which were similar to those of Rickettsiella sp. were found in tissues of the fat body, hypodermis, tracheal matrix, muscle, and midgut of each insect species. In addition, RLOs also were found in heart and silk gland tissues of the pecan weevil, Stalked knobs or ''pill'' were found on the cell membranes of the RLOs in the infected tissues of the pecan weevil and the squash beetle, Crystals often associated with Rickettsiella infections were not observed. Virus-like particles of 18-42 nm were found in various tissues of the three species examined. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. USDA ARS,BENEFICIAL INSECTS INTRODUCT RES,NEWARK,DE 19713. RP Adams, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 69 IS 2 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1006/jipa.1996.4628 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA WN412 UT WOS:A1997WN41200005 ER PT J AU Solter, LF Maddox, JV McManus, ML AF Solter, LF Maddox, JV McManus, ML TI Host specificity of microsporidia (Protista: Microspora) from European populations of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) to indigenous North American Lepidoptera SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entomopathogen; classical biological control; host range; ecological host specificity; physiological host specificity; Nosema lymantriae; Vairimorpha; Endoreticulatus ID NOSEMA-ALGERAE; GYPSY-MOTH; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SPORES; DISEASE; GERMINATION; DYNAMICS; PATHOGEN; ENDORETICULATUS; RADIATION AB Results of traditional laboratory bioassays may not accurately represent ecological (field) host specificity of entomopathogens but, if carefully interpreted, may be used to predict the ecological host specificity of pathogens being considered for release as classical biological control agents. We conducted laboratory studies designed to evaluate the physiological host specificity of microsporidia, which are common protozoan pathogens of insects. In these studies, 49 nontarget lepidopteran species indigenous to North America were fed five biotypes of microsporidia that occur in European populations of Lymantria dispar but are not found in North American populations of L. dispar. These microsporidia, Microsporidium sp. from Portugal, Microsporidium sp. from Romania, Microsporidium sp, from Slovakia, Nosema lymantriae and Endoreticulatus sp. from Portugal, are candidates for release as classical biological control agents into L. dispar populations in the United States. The microsporidia produced a variety of responses in the nontarget hosts and, based on these responses, the nontarget hosts were placed in the following categories: (1) no infection (refractory), (2) atypical infections, and (3) heavy infections. Endoreticulatus sp. produced patent, host-like infections in nearly two-thirds of the nontarget hosts to which it was fed. Such generalist species should not be recommended for release, Infections comparable to those produced in L. dispar were produced in 2% of the nontarget hosts fed Microsporidium sp. from Portugal, 19% of nontarget hosts fed Microsporidium sp. from Romania, 13% fed spores of Microsporidium sp, from Slovakia, and 11% of nontarget species fed N. lymantriae. The remaining nontarget species developed infections that, despite production of mature spores, were not typical of infection in L. dispar. We believe it is very unlikely that these atypical infections would be horizontally transmitted within nontarget insect populations in the United States. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE CTR FOREST HLTH RES,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP Solter, LF (reprint author), ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CTR ECON ENTOMOL,607 E PEABODY DR,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820, USA. NR 48 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 69 IS 2 BP 135 EP 150 DI 10.1006/jipa.1996.4650 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA WN412 UT WOS:A1997WN41200007 ER PT J AU Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, T AF Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, T TI Comparison of numerical procedures for gate stroking SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB A study was conducted to compare three existing solution methods for the inverse problem of unsteady open-channel flow (i.e., gate stroking). Both the accuracy of the results and the robustness of the methods were examined. Similar solutions were computed with a method-of-characteristics and an implicit finite-difference model, except under extreme transients, in which case the method-of-characteristics model performed better. However, the characteristic model was unable to find a solution for some proposed examples. An explicit finite-difference model was also examined and, although it produced satisfactory results for some examples, it is inherently unstable. A nonlinear, implicit finite-difference gate-stroking method was developed, which was sufficiently accurate and more robust than the existing methods. RP Bautista, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 123 IS 2 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1997)123:2(129) PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA WP878 UT WOS:A1997WP87800008 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Williams, HJ Sattler, I Scott, AI Vinson, SB Liu, JG AF Stipanovic, RD Williams, HJ Sattler, I Scott, AI Vinson, SB Liu, JG TI Preparation of two stereochemically defined isomers of deuterium labeled delta-cadinene SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE cadinene; deuterium; enantioselective ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; COTTON AB Deuterated delta-cadinenes needed for biosynthetic feeding studies in cotton were prepared by acid catalyzed rearrangements of (-)-alpha-cubebene and (+,-)-alpha-copaenc. In both cases, one deuterium was incorporated in the 7 position. Stereochemistry of the added deuterium was determined by H-1 NMR spectroscopy to be exclusively cis to the isopropyl group in the alpha-copaene derived product and predominantly trans (20% cis) to the isopropyl group in the cubebene derived product. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT CHEM, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RP USDA ARS, SO CROPS RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-4803 EI 1099-1344 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 39 IS 3 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1344(199703)39:3<223::AID-JLCR960>3.3.CO;2-7 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA WL166 UT WOS:A1997WL16600005 ER PT J AU Barnes, KC FernandezCaldas, E Trudeau, WL Milne, DE Brenner, RJ AF Barnes, KC FernandezCaldas, E Trudeau, WL Milne, DE Brenner, RJ TI Spatial and temporal distribution of house dust mite (Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae) allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 in Barbadian homes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Dermatophagoides farinae; allergens; Barbados; house construction; weather ID DERMATOPHAGOIDES-PTERONYSSINUS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MAJOR ALLERGEN; ASTHMA; PURIFICATION; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; CLIMATE AB House features contribute to house dust mite abundance and, therefore, exposure to mite allergens. Our study assessed the hypothesis that modernization of the domestic environment in a tropical setting may lead to a level of allergen from the house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) and D. Sarinae Hughes that previously has been defined clinically as at risk for people who suffer from allergic disease. Allergen (Der p 1 and Der f 1) levels were measured at 4 sites (mattress, bedroom floor living room floor, and furniture) in 17 houses in Barbados during dry and rainy seasons. Der p 1(17 of 17 homes) at all 4 sites did not vary significantly from the dry to rainy season. Allergen levels varied according to site, and were highest in living room furniture in both seasons (geometric mean 40.37 and 64.17 mu g/g, respectively). Concentration of Der p 1 allergens were higher in concrete than in wood or mixed concrete and wood houses. Der f 1(9 of 17 homes) levels were lower than Der p 1 by 1/1,000 (both seasons). Results indicate that season is less important in regard to levels of Der p 1 than house construction and confirm other studies that implicate D. pteronyssinus as a more abundant source of allergen than D. farinae in this tropical setting. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. JAMES A HALEY VET HOSP,DEPT ALLERGY & IMMUNOL,TAMPA,FL 33612. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP Barnes, KC (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ANTHROPOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 34 IS 2 BP 212 EP 218 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA WP050 UT WOS:A1997WP05000016 PM 9103765 ER PT J AU Fukuda, T Willis, OR Barnard, DR AF Fukuda, T Willis, OR Barnard, DR TI Parasites of the Asian tiger mosquito and other container-inhabiting mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in northcentral Florida SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Ascogregarina taiwanensis; containers; parasites; Florida ID ASCOGREGARINA-TAIWANENSIS APICOMPLEXA; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; LECUDINIDAE; AEGYPTI AB Seven microorganisms including 4 protozoans, 2 fungi, and a bacterium infected Aedes albopictus (Skuse) larvae collected from 12 counties in northcentral Florida. Ae. albopictus and 14 other species of mosquitoes were collected from tires, flower-holding vases in cemeteries, other types of artificial containers, and treeholes. Ascogregarina taiwanensis (Lien & Levine) was the most common parasite of Ae. albopictus throughout the year. The microsporidium Vavraia culicis (Weiser) infected Aedes aegypti (L.), Ae. albopictus, Aedes triseriatus (Say), and Orthopodomyia signifera (Coquillett). A vibrio bacterium and 2 fungi (Leptolegnia sp. and Smittium culisetae Lichtwardt), infected Ae. albopictus larvae but were observed infrequently A. taiwanensis, S. culisetae, and the vibrio bacterium previously have been reported from Ae, albopictus. This is the Ist report of the other 4 microorganisms parasitizing Ae. albopictus larvae. RP Fukuda, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 34 IS 2 BP 226 EP 233 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA WP050 UT WOS:A1997WP05000018 PM 9103767 ER PT J AU Raich, T Jacobson, M Holbrook, F Babion, R Blair, C Beaty, B AF Raich, T Jacobson, M Holbrook, F Babion, R Blair, C Beaty, B TI Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) host selection in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culicoides variipennis; Culicoides crepuscularis; host selection; crepuscular activity ID NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS AB Drop traps containing either steer or ewe bait were used to investigate host selection and crepuscular period host seeking activity of Culicoides spp. at 2 farms in Colorado. Of the 1,103 Culicoides spp. collected, 755 were Culicoides varipennis (Coquillett). Of these, 86% were collected from steers and 14% from ewes. The engorgement rate of C. variipennis was 31% on steers and 6% on ewes. Culicoides crepuscularis Malloch was the 2nd most abundant species. Of the 253 collected, 39% were from the steers, and 61% were from ewes. The engorgement rate of the C. crepuscularis collected war; 71% on ewes and 34% on steers. Thus, C. variipennis preferentially selected and fed upon cattle, whereas C. crepuscularis preferentially selected and fed upon sheep. C1 USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP Raich, T (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,ARTHROPOD BORNE & INFECT DIS LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 34 IS 2 BP 247 EP 249 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA WP050 UT WOS:A1997WP05000023 PM 9103772 ER PT J AU Griffin, GD Jensen, KB AF Griffin, GD Jensen, KB TI Differential effects of Pratylenchus neglectus populations on single and interplantings of alfalfa grasses. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; crested wheatgrass; lesion nematode; Medicago sativa; Pascopyrum smithii; pathogenicity; Pratylenchus neglectus; reproductive factor; root weights; shoot weights; survival ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; MELOIDOGYNE-HAPLA; P-NEGLECTUS; PENETRANS; PATHOGENICITY; COMPETITION; PARASITISM; SOIL AB The invasion by three different Utah populations of Pratylenchus neglectus (UT1, UT2, UT3) was similar in single and interplantings of 'Lahontan' alfalfa and 'Fairway' crested wheatgrass at 24 +/- 3 degrees C. Population UT3 was more pathogenic than UT1 and UT2 on both alfalfa and crested wheatgrass. Inoculum density was positively correlated with an invasion by P. neglectus. Invasions by UT3 at all initial populations (Pi) exceeded that of UT1 and UT2 for both single and interplanted treatments. The greatest reductions in shoot and root weights of alfalfa and crested wheatgrass were at a Pi of 8 P. neglectus/cm(3) soil. Pi was negatively correlated with alfalfa and crested wheatgrass shoot and root growth and nematode reproduction. The reproductive factor (Rf) for UT3 exceeded that of UT1 and UT2 in single and interplantings at all inoculum levels. There were no differences in Rf in the Utah populations in single or interplantings. A nematode invasion increased with temperature and was greatest at 30 degrees. Population UT3 was more pathogenic than UT1 and UT2 and reduced shoot and root growth at 20-30 degrees C. Soil temperature was negatively correlated with shoot and root growth and positively correlated with nematode reproduction. Reproduction of UT3 exceeded that of UT1 and UT2 at all soil temperatures. RP Griffin, GD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 29 IS 1 BP 82 EP 89 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA WX637 UT WOS:A1997WX63700010 PM 19274136 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Griffin, GD AF Jensen, KB Griffin, GD TI Resistance of auto- and allotetraploid triticeae species and accessions to Meloidogyne chitwoodi based on genome composition SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agropyron; Columbia root-knot nematode; Elymus; grasses; Hordeum; Meloidogyne chitwoodi; nematode; Psathyrostachys; Pseudoroegneria; resistance; Thinopyrum ID POPULATIONS AB The Columbia root-knot nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi parasitizes several plant species, including grasses that have been developed for semiarid environments, and substantially reduces the productivity of cereals and the longevity of perennial grasses growing under semiarid conditions throughout the intermountain region. Thirty-two auto- and allotetraploid (2n = 28) taxa in the perennial Triticeae were evaluated as possible sources of resistance to M. chitwoodi. Low levels of root galling were observed on roots of all accessions; root-gall indices ranged from 0 (no galls) to 1.95 in the grasses compared to 4.67 for the susceptible 'Ranger' alfalfa check on a scale of 1 to 6. Even though the gall ratings were low, significant (P < 0.01) differences among accessions of the same species, among species, and among genera with different genomes were observed. Within the reproductive indices, which ranged from 0.01 to 1.20 in the grasses compared to 65.38 for the alfalfa check, there was no difference among genera with different genomes and accessions within the same species and genome; however, there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference among species with the same genomes. This variation can be traced to Thinopyrum nodosum (Jaaska-19), which was the only accession with a reproductive factor greater than 1.00. Based on the data, all auto- and allotetraploids are considered resistant to M. chitwoodi. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 29 IS 1 BP 104 EP 111 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA WX637 UT WOS:A1997WX63700012 PM 19274138 ER PT J AU Griffin, GD Jensen, KB AF Griffin, GD Jensen, KB TI Importance of temperature in the pathology of Meloidogyne hapla and M-chitwoodi on legumes SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; Astragalus cicer; legume; Medicago sativa; Melilotus officinalis; Meloidogyne chitwoodi; Meloidogyne hapla; milkvetch; pathogenicity; reproduction; temperature; thermal adaptation; yellow sweet clover AB Effect of temperatures on the host-parasite relationships were studied for three legume species and four populations of root-knot nematodes from the western United States. The nematode populations were Meloidogyne hapla from California (MHCA), Utah (MHUT), and Wyoming (MHWY), and a population of M. chitwoodi from Utah (MCUT). The legumes are milkvetch (astragalus cicer), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis). All milkvetch plants survived inoculation with all nematode populations, while alfalfa and yellow sweet clover were more susceptible. On yellow sweet clover, MHCA was most pathogenic at 30 degrees C based on suppression of shoot growth while MHUT, MHWY, and MCUT were most pathogenic at 25 degrees C. All nematode populations suppressed growth of yellow sweet clover more than growth of milkvetch and alfalfa. The reproductive factor (Rf = final nematode population/initial nematode population) of MHCA was positively correlated) (r = 0.83) with temperature between 15 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The greatest Rf occurred on alfalfa inoculated with MHCA at 30 degrees C. The Rf of MHUT, MHWY, and MCUT were positively correlated (r = 0.76, r = 0.78, and r = 0.73, respectively) with temperature between 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C. The Rf values of MHUT and MHWY were similar on all species and exceeded and Rf of MCUT at all temperature (P < 0.05). RP Griffin, GD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 29 IS 1 BP 112 EP 116 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA WX637 UT WOS:A1997WX63700013 PM 19274139 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, JR Moser, LE Moore, KJ Waller, SS AF Hendrickson, JR Moser, LE Moore, KJ Waller, SS TI Leaf nutritive value related to tiller development in warm-season grasses SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook) Scribn; Andropogon gerardii var paucipilus (Nash) Fern; phenology; IVDMD; protein; populations ID FORAGE QUALITY; DIGESTIBILITY; NITROGEN AB Assessing nutritive value of key grass species in relation to plant development is essential for producers to efficiently manage livestock enterprises, Changes in nutritive value for tiller populations of 2 common Nebraska Sandhills grasses, prairie sandreed [Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Scribn.] and sand bluestem [Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilus (Nash) Fern.], in response to morphological development was evaluated at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory (GSL) during the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons, Morphological development was determined on a 40 to 60-tiller sample from each block (12 blocks in 1990 and 8 blocks in 1991) at ten-day intervals using a comprehensive staging system, In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and lignin were determined for leaves and correlated with the morphological index (Mean Stage by Count), growing degree days and day of the year, Leaf NDF values of both species remained constant while leaf IVDMD declined throughout the summer indicating that decline in leaf IVDMD was caused by declining cell wall digestibility, Leaf IVDMD was influenced more by tissue aging than advancing morphological stage, Leaf CP was significantly different between years but not between species indicating leaf CP was largely influenced by environmental factors, In both species and for both years, leaf CP initially declined rapidly to low levels and then stabilized during the vegetative phase, Nutritive value of a single vegetative morphological stage over the growing season was similar to the leaf tissue of the tiller populations, Management decisions by producers depend on accurate assessment of changes in nutritive value during the growing season in tiller populations of these 2 important grasses. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. INST AGR & NAT RESOURCES,DIV AGR RES,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Hendrickson, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 50 IS 2 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.2307/4002367 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM003 UT WOS:A1997WM00300002 ER PT J AU Clements, CD Young, JA AF Clements, CD Young, JA TI A viewpoint: Rangeland health and mule deer habitat SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Odocoileus hemionus; Purshia tridentata; bunchgrass; wildfire; historical perspective; Artemisia tridentata ID SAGEBRUSH ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; COMMUNITIES; GARDEN; FIRE AB The Lessen interstate mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd ranges from the northwestern area of Nevada to the northeastern corner of California along the western rim of the Great Basin. This mule deer herd serves as a model for what has happened in terms of population dynamics for many Intermountain west mule deer populations, Before contact with Europeans the populations were apparently very restricted, After the introduction of domestic livestock there has been significant impacts on the relative abundance of shrubs versus perennial grasses, Mule deer herds underwent tremendous expansion which peaked in the 1950s. Recent mule deer population numbers in the Lassen interstate herd have sharply declined, These population dynamics can be related to several habitat changes that reflect increased frequencies of wildfires in lower elevational sites as shrubs became old and decadent, Lack of fire in the higher elevations resulted in decadent/senscent old shrub stands, Invasion by exotic annual grasses in lower elevational sites, In certain environments, sharply improved range condition due to grazing management systems, The increase in coniferous woodlands, which may reflect changes in climate and/or atmospheric gases, combined with the lack of fire significantly negatively impact the Lassen Interstate mule deer herd, Identifying the specific aspect of winter, transitional, and/or summer habitat, in terms of dietary deficiency, that are most closely related to the decline in mule deer numbers is a highly significant problem facing wildlife and range managers. RP Clements, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 VALLEY RD, RENO, NV 89512 USA. NR 81 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 22 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 50 IS 2 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.2307/4002369 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM003 UT WOS:A1997WM00300004 ER PT J AU Angell, RF AF Angell, RF TI Crested wheatgrass and shrub response to continuous or rotational grazing SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE short duration grazing; Agropyron desertorum; sagebrush; Artemisia tridentata; green rabbitbrush; Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus; tiller dynamics; cover; density ID AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM; REGROWTH AB A four-year study was conducted to investigate effects of continuous and short duration grazing in spring on standing crop and tiller density of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch, ex Link) Schult], along with changes in cover and density of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt, subsp, wyomingensis Beetle and Young) and green rabbitbrush [Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt,], Eight pastures were each stocked with 10 steers (224 kg) beginning in early May, Four grazing treatments consisted of continuous grazing at 0.6 AUM/ha (CONT) or short duration grazing management at 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 AUM/ha for LOW, MED, and HIGH treatments, respectively, After 4 years, mean tiller density was greatest on LOW paddocks (P = 0.10) (707 tillers/m(3)). Tiller density on HIGH paddocks did not differ (P > 0.05) from CONT. Density of large (> 15-cm tall) Wyoming big sagebrush increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) across years, but did not vary (P > 0.05) among treatments, at about 9 plants/100 m(2). Sagebrush plants <15-cm tall responded differently (P = 0.02) in CONT compared to HIGH, Small sagebrush density increased under short duration grazing at doubled stocking rate (HIGH) compared to CONT, but LOW and MED did not differ from CONT, We concluded that short duration rotation grazing at a conventional stocking rate decreased neither tillering nor yield of crested wheatgrass, Shrub density and cover changes on LOW were similar to CONT, It does appear, however, that short duration grazing at the doubled stocking rate has the potential to limit crested wheatgrass productivity over time because of enhanced sagebrush seedling survival. RP Angell, RF (reprint author), EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HC-71,451 HWY 205,BURNS,OR 97720, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 50 IS 2 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.2307/4002374 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM003 UT WOS:A1997WM00300009 ER PT J AU Voigt, PW Tischler, CR AF Voigt, PW Tischler, CR TI Effect of seed treatment on germination and emergence of 3 warm-season grasses SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE weeping lovegrass; wilman lovegrass; kleingrass; seed dormancy; establishment; sulfuric acid; 2 chloroethanol ID KLEINGRASS AB Seed dormancy can hinder stand establishment and delay progress of genetic and plant improvement studies, Our objective was to evaluate the effect of 2 chemical seed treatments on germination and on emergence and survival of 3 warm-season grasses, Freshly harvested seed of kleingrass (Panicum coloratum L.) weeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad,) Nees] and wilman lovegrass (Eragrostis superba Peyr,) were treated with concentrated H2SO4 or a 2-chloroethanol sodium hypochlorite (CHL) solution and then germinated on blotters or planted in a commercial peat-vermiculite mix, The 3 grasses responded differently to acid and CHL treatment, Acid treatment increased germination of all 3 species but did not increase the emergence and/or 2 week establishment of weeping or wilman lovegrass, The difference between germination and emergence appeared related to chemical injury from the acid treatment that adversly impacted seedling growth and development, Weeping lovegrass responded to CHL treatment with increased germination and emergence, Wilman lovegrass did not respond well to either chemical. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP Voigt, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER RES LAB,POB 400,BEAVER,WV 25813, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 50 IS 2 BP 170 EP 174 DI 10.2307/4002376 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM003 UT WOS:A1997WM00300011 ER PT J AU Ethridge, DE Sherwood, RD Sosebee, RE Herbel, CH AF Ethridge, DE Sherwood, RD Sosebee, RE Herbel, CH TI Economic feasibility of rangeland seeding in the arid southwest SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE rangeland seeding; economic feasibility; soil moisture; soil temperature; seedbed preparation; stand establishment AB Results from 6 years of seeding trials in the Chihuahuan Desert indicated that establishment of introduced and native grass species responded directly to soil moisture at the 1.22 cm (0.5 in) depth, soil temperature at the 5.08 cm (2 in) depth, and seedbed preparations of mulching and pits, The economic analysis indicated that seeding is not an advisable financial investment in the region under general circumstances, It also showed that when seeding is deemed necessary the best native species economic alternatives are blue grama [Bouteloma gracilis (H.B.K.) Griffiths] with either no seedbed preparation or with post seedbed preparation of mulch, The best introduced species economic alternative is Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees.), with no seedbed preparation. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM. RP Ethridge, DE (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 50 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.2307/4002379 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM003 UT WOS:A1997WM00300014 ER PT J AU Larson, WE Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, TE AF Larson, WE Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, TE TI The role of severe storms in soil erosion: A problem needing consideration SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; UNANCHORED CORNSTALK; RUNOFF; RUSLE; CORN C1 USDA ARS, N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB, MORRIS, MN 56267 USA. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT SCI, BROOKINGS, SD 57007 USA. RP Larson, WE (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. NR 23 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 52 IS 2 BP 90 EP 95 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA WU245 UT WOS:A1997WU24500004 ER PT J AU Laflen, JM Elliot, WJ Flanagan, DC Meyer, CR Nearing, MA AF Laflen, JM Elliot, WJ Flanagan, DC Meyer, CR Nearing, MA TI WEPP-predicting water erosion using a process-based model SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID AMPT CONDUCTIVITY PARAMETERS; SOIL LOSS EQUATION; CROPS C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID. AGR RES SERV,USDA,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN. RP Laflen, JM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 22 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 52 IS 2 BP 96 EP 102 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA WU245 UT WOS:A1997WU24500005 ER PT J AU Cypel, YS Guenther, PM Petot, GJ AF Cypel, YS Guenther, PM Petot, GJ TI Validity of portion-size measurement aids: A review SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID DIETARY ASSESSMENT; VALIDATION; CHILDREN AB A review of research studies that focus on the validity of portion-size measurement aids (PSMAs) was undertaken because guidelines for the use of PSMAs in studies of food intake have not been developed. Also, the accuracy of food quantity estimates may greatly influence the quality of dietary intake data. Generally, the review indicated that differences between the food quantity estimates obtained from different PSMAs were not statistically significant. Research on PSMA accuracy was lacking in several areas. Additional information is needed on the validity of PSMAs particularly as it relates to PSMA use by different sociodemographic groups. Little research has focused on the specific effects that PSMAs have on quantity estimates or on subject perceptions of PSMA use. Improved reporting of PSMAs in the literature is also needed. Future research should be directed toward these issues so that PSMA guidelines can be developed. Until there is a more complete research base, it is not possible at this time to establish guidelines for use of PSMAs in clinical practice or in research settings. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP Cypel, YS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD SURVEYS RES GRP,4700 RIVER RD,UNIT 83,RIVERDALE,MD 20737, USA. NR 22 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 97 IS 3 BP 289 EP 292 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00074-6 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WL797 UT WOS:A1997WL79700013 PM 9060946 ER PT J AU Herron, BF Bagby, MO Isbell, TA Byrdwell, WC Plattner, R Weisleder, D AF Herron, BF Bagby, MO Isbell, TA Byrdwell, WC Plattner, R Weisleder, D TI Preparation and characterization of methyl 11-amino-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)-9-E-octadecenoate and methyl 8-amino-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)-9-E-octadecenoate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE allylic amination; methyl 11-amino-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)-9-E-octadecenoate; methyl 8-amino-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)-9-E-octadecenoate; bis(N-p-toluenesulfonyl) sulfodiimide; methyl oleate ID ALLYLIC AMINATION; OLEIC-ACID; ESTOLIDES; DIIMIDE; ALKENES AB Allylic amination of methyl oleate with bis(N-p-toluenesulfonyl) suliodiimide results in a mixture of methyl 11-amino-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)-9-E-octadecenoate and methyl 8-amino-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)-9-E-octadecenoate in 58% yield. These novel products were isolated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance,infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and melting point. The reaction was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 3 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0128-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WT820 UT WOS:A1997WT82000007 ER PT J AU Erhan, SM Isbell, TA AF Erhan, SM Isbell, TA TI Estolide production with modified clay catalysts and process conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cation exchanged clays; estolide; meadowfoam oil fatty acids; montmorillonite clays; nitrogen sparging; oleic acid; oleic homopolymer; surface-active agents ID DETECTOR; ACIDS AB The 20% yields of estolides prepared from oleic acid and meadowfoam oil fatty acids are improved when the montmorillonite clay catalysts are modified to increase their activity. Changes we explored included acidifying the clay, treating to increase the surface area of clay to introduce new active sites, and decreasing the ionic character of the clay surface to enhance adsorption of the fatty acids. We also evaluated the use of higher levels of clay in the reactions. Clays treated with Fe3+ salts increase the estolide yield from 21 to 27%, a 28% increase. Clay catalysts were also treated with surface-active reagents. The most active were cationic surfactants,and montmorillonite clays treated with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride increased the estolide yield to 30%. Estolide yields could not be improved beyond 30% by increasing the amount of clay. However, nitrogen sparging increases the efficiency of stirring and increased the estolide yield to 35% estolide. RP Erhan, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,NEW CROPS RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 3 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0131-z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WT820 UT WOS:A1997WT82000010 ER PT J AU Dorner, JW Cole, RJ AF Dorner, JW Cole, RJ TI A method for determining kernel moisture content and aflatoxin concentrations in peanuts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Arachis hypogeae; Aspergillus flavus; groundnuts; liquid chromatography; moisture; mycotoxin; peanuts; water slurry ID DROUGHT-STRESSED PEANUTS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; TEMPERATURE; CONTAMINATION AB A method was developed to determine kernel moisture content (KMC) and aflatoxin concentration in discrete peanut samples. Shelled peanuts were weighed to the nearest 0.01 g, and a water slurry was made by blending the peanuts for 2 min with 2.2 mL of water per g of peanuts. The slurry (10 g) was withdrawn and dried at 130 degrees C for 3 h to determine KMC. Methanol was added to the remaining slurry and blended for an additional 1 min, and aflatoxins were quantitated with high-performance liquid chromatography. Comparison of the slurry method with an official peanut moisture method showed good agreement between the two over a range of moisture levels. Recovery of aflatoxin B-1 from spiked samples averaged 97% with an average coefficient of variation of 3.6%. The method enables determination of both KMC and aflatoxin content in peanut samples without degradation of aflatoxin that would occur when using the official moisture method. RP Dorner, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,1011 FORRESTER DR SE,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 3 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0137-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WT820 UT WOS:A1997WT82000016 ER PT J AU List, GR Mounts, TL Orthoefer, F Neff, WE AF List, GR Mounts, TL Orthoefer, F Neff, WE TI Effect of interesterification on the structure and physical propel ties of high-stearic acid soybean oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dropping point; genetically modified soybean oil; interesterification; margarine oils; palm oil; solid fat index; stearic acid; triglycerides ID PERFORMANCE AB Triglyceride structures of genetically modified soybean oils high in stearic acid were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and their physical properties were assessed by dilatometry and dropping point. In their natural state, these oils lack sufficient solids at 10-33 degrees C to qualify as margarine oils. However, after random interesterification, soybean oil containing 17% stearic acid shows a solid fat index (SFI) profile and dropping point closely matching those of a liquid margarine oil. Other oils, with stearic acid contents in the range of 20-33%, showed appreciable SFI values at 10 degrees C but lacked sufficient solids at 21.1-33.3 degrees C. After random interesterification, these oils also exhibited SFI profiles suitable for soft rub margarine, and their drop points increased from 18-19 degrees C to 36-38 degrees C. C1 RICELAND FOODS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. RP List, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 3 BP 327 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0145-6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WT820 UT WOS:A1997WT82000024 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Mueller, JD Fery, RL AF Thies, JA Mueller, JD Fery, RL TI Effectiveness of resistance to southern root-knot nematode in 'Carolina Cayenne' pepper in greenhouse, microplot, and field tests SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chili; host plant resistance; Meloidogyne incognita; Capsicum annuum ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; YIELD AB The southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] is a serious pest of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Currently, methyl bromide is used for nematode control, but the pending withdrawal of this fumigant from the United States market has resulted in a need for effective alternative root-knot nematode management measures. We evaluated the effectiveness of resistance of 'Carolina Cayenne' relative to the susceptible genotypes 'Early Calwonder' and PA-136 in greenhouse, microplot, and field studies. In all tests,'Carolina Cayenne' exhibited exceptionally high resistance (minimal galling, minimal nematode reproduction, and no yield reduction) to M. incognita; 'Early Calwonder' and PA-136 were highly susceptible. In a test conducted in a heavily infested field, 'Carolina Cayenne' outyielded PA-136 by 339%. The exceptionally high resistance exhibited by 'Carolina Cayenne' provides an alternative to methyl bromide and other fumigant nematicides for managing root-knot nematodes in pepper. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,EDISTO RES & EDUC CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL,BLACKVILLE,SC 29817. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 122 IS 2 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WL451 UT WOS:A1997WL45100010 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Habernicht, DK Blake, TK Adamson, M AF Larson, SR Habernicht, DK Blake, TK Adamson, M TI Backcross gains for six-rowed grain and malt qualities with introgression of a feed barley yield QTL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article AB Fifty experimental barley lines were derived from a backcross of Morex and DH72, using the tatter as donor parent of the Steptoe chromosome 3. These BC1 derived lines, plus the parental checks, were grown by the Montana Agriculture Experiment Station in irrigated and dryland experiments at Bozeman in 1994 and 1995 and in a dryland trial at the Havre station in 1995. The Steptoe chromosome 3 carries positive-value alleles for head-shattering and lodging resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) that effectively increased relative yield and adaptation characteristics in the environments tested. These parents and lines were used to test the hypothesis that Morex-level malt quality characteristics can be recovered by backcrossing, with the addition of the yield-enhancing genes from the Steptoe chromosome 3. Four grain quality traits were analyzed in all five experiments, and nine malting traits were analyzed from micromalted samples from the 1995 Bozeman irrigated experiment. The results support the contention that the Steptoe chromosome 3 yield QTL has no adverse pleiotropic effects on malt quality, relative to Morex, although a slight decline in test weights may occur (similar to 1-2% of the average observed over all experiments). C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USDA ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,ABERDEEN,ID. GREAT WESTERN MALTING CO,VANCOUVER,WA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0361-0470 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XA927 UT WOS:A1997XA92700005 ER PT J AU Jones, BL Marinac, LA AF Jones, BL Marinac, LA TI Purification, identification, and partial characterization of a barley protein that inhibits green malt endoproteinases SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article DE brewing; Hordeum vulgare; malting; mashing; protease; LTP; PAPI; protein hydrolysis ID PHOSPHOLIPID-TRANSFER PROTEIN; LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; ALEURONE CELLS; FINGER MILLET; MAIZE; LOCALIZATION; EXPRESSION; HOMOLOGY; PROMOTER AB Endoproteinases control the rate of hydrolysis of storage proteins during barley germination and are thus critically important to the malting process. We have shown that endoproteinases comprising all four proteinase classes are present in green malt, with the cysteine proteinases probably being most important for hydrolyzing storage proteins during malting. Compounds from both barley and malt inhibit some of these cysteine proteinases. This article reports the purification and characterization of a 10-kDa barley protein, purified from both seed and beer extracts, that specifically inhibits green malt cysteine endoproteinases. Amino acid composition, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric and N-terminal amino acid sequence data indicated that the inhibitor is identical to barley lipid transfer protein 1 (probable amylase/proteinase inhibitor, PAPI), a nonspecific lipid-transfer protein. The protein did not inhibit the activities of either papain or subtilisin but did suppress the activities of many of the green malt cysteine endoproteinase activities that are separated on a two-dimensional isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system. Some serine proteinases were also partially inhibited. The purified inhibitor totally inhibited the activity of a purified 31-kDa cysteine endoproteinase from green malt. In the absence of inhibitor, the 31-kDa enzyme rapidly hydrolyzed barley storage proteins. LTP1-PAPI may well play an important role in controlling protein hydrolysis during malting. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Jones, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0361-0470 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XA927 UT WOS:A1997XA92700006 ER PT J AU Ohara, H Kato, M Matsui, H Hirata, N Takahashi, E AF Ohara, H Kato, M Matsui, H Hirata, N Takahashi, E TI Comparison of the levels of endogenous plant growth substances in CPPU-treated and -untreated kiwifruit SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA Japanese DT Article ID PRUNUS-PERSICA L; FRUIT; GIBBERELLINS; SEED AB Seasonal changes in the endogenous levels of IAA-, GA-, cytokinin-, and ABA-like substances in the seeds and mesocarp and endocarp of CPPU [N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea: (4PU-30)] -treated and -untreated kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson var. deliciosa cv. Hayward] were determined. The growth of untreated fruit followed a double sigmoid curve and was divided into three stages, but that of CPPU-treated fruit did not. The nucellus and endosperm in the seeds of treated and untreated fruit developed rapidly during stage I, whereas the embryo developed rapidly during stage II. Embryo development in CPPU-treated fruit was slightly slower than that of untreated fruit. The levels of IAA- and GA-like substances always tended to be higher in the seeds than they were in the flesh of treated and untreated fruit throughout the growing season. The levels of cytokinin-like substances were higher in the seeds than in the flesh during stage I, but the reverse occured during stage II. The levels of ABA-like substances in the seeds and flesh were nearly equal throughout the fruit growth period. Among the growth substances tested, the level of IAA-like substance in the seeds correlated most strongly with fruit development and tended to increase toward the fruit maturation time. The seasonal levels of GA- and cytokinin-like substances in the seeds paralleled the initial rapid developments of the fruit and seed tissues. ABA-like substance might be associated with maturation of kiwifruit because its levels in the seeds and the flesh increased toward harvest. Application of CPPU increased levels of IAA- and GA-like substances in the seeds early in stage I and at the beginning of stage II: it increased cytokinin-like substances in the flesh during stage II. It is suggested that CPPU enlarges fruit not only by its high cytokinin activity but also by activating endogenous IAA, GA and cytokinin. RP Ohara, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI PI KYOTO PA C/O NAKANISHI PRINTING SHIMODACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI, KAMIGYO-KU, KYOTO, 602-8048, JAPAN SN 1882-3351 EI 1880-358X J9 J JPN SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 BP 692 EP 705 PG 14 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WN224 UT WOS:A1997WN22400005 ER PT J AU Irons, JG Oswood, MW AF Irons, JG Oswood, MW TI Organic matter dynamics in 3 subarctic streams of interior Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE CHANGE; DETRITUS RP Irons, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,308 TANANA DR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA WM593 UT WOS:A1997WM59300006 ER PT J AU Nadeau, EMG Buxton, DR AF Nadeau, EMG Buxton, DR TI Cellulase and bacterial inoculant effects on cocksfoot and lucerne ensiled at high dry matter levels SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE silage; cellulase; inoculant; cocksfoot; lucerne; dry matter; quality ID WALL-DEGRADING ENZYMES; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; GRASS-SILAGE; FORMIC-ACID; FERMENTATION; ADDITIVES; ALFALFA; DEGRADATION; DIGESTION; SHEEP AB Limited information exists on the response of grass and legume silage to enzyme and bacterial inoculant treatments when wilted to drier than desired conditions. This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of cellulase (from Trichoderma longibrachiatum) application rate, when combined with a bacterial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae), on the fermentation characteristics of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L) ensiled at high dry-matter concentrations. Forages were wilted to near 600 g dry matter kg(-1) and cellulase, combined with inoculant, was applied at 0.30 ml kg(-1) herbage and at two, four and eight times this concentration (at least 2500 IU ml(-1)). Cellulase was also applied alone at 0.60 ml kg(-1). Wilted forages were ensiled in laboratory silos for 60 days. Effect of cellulase application rate on neutral detergent fibre concentrations of the silages was small and inconsistent. Averaged across species, only the intermediate cellulase concentrations decreased neutral detergent fibre concentration (P = 0.082). The limited cell-wall degradation was probably related to the high silage dry-matter and lignin concentrations. Cellulase combined with inoculant increased total fermentation, when averaged across species. In cocksfoot, cellulase combined with inoculant decreased pH and NH3-N concentration but increased the lactic:acetic acid ratio of control silage, with most of the effect caused by the inoculant. Cellulase applied alone to lucerne caused a higher lactic : acetic acid ratio than the control or when combined with the inoculant at the same cellulase rate. Thus, the effect of cellulase-inoculant mixtures on silage quality varied among plant species, with cocksfoot generally more responsive than lucerne. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 73 IS 3 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199703)73:3<369::AID-JSFA743>3.0.CO;2-G PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WP874 UT WOS:A1997WP87400015 ER PT J AU Garmendia, AE Lu, ZQ Tulman, ER AF Garmendia, AE Lu, ZQ Tulman, ER TI Discrete cleavage patterns of pseudorabies virus immediate early protein (IE18O) seen in some cell lines upon extraction after cycloheximide reversal SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE pseudorabies; immediate early protein; cycloheximide ID EARLY GENE; TYPE-1 ICP27; DNA; TRANSCRIPTION; HERPESVIRUS; GENOME; GLYCOPROTEINS; PATHOGENESIS; PENETRATION; VIRULENCE AB Pseudorabies virus (PrV) encodes for a single and essential immediate early phosphoprotein designated IE180. In this study, IE180 was examined in lysates from various cell lines infected at high multiplicities under cycloheximide inhibition of protein synthesis and subsequent reversal. Three distinct protein patterns of IE180 which were cell-specific and dependant on the extraction procedure were revealed. Detergent lysates of PrV infected MDBK cells yielded almost exclusively wild type IE molecule (180 kDa). In contrast, SSG/94 cells, VERO or CV-1 cells did not yield 180 kDa molecules but predominantly a shorter variant of approximately 60 kDa in molecular mass. Additional bands of about 50/55 kDa were also detected in lysates of SSG/94 and VERO cells by immunoprecipitation. Lysates of CV-1 and MDBK cells also yielded a 120 kDa molecule. The smaller molecular mass bands occurred in the presence of PMSF and aprotinin however, cleavage was blocked completely by addition of N alpha-p-Tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) into the lysis buffer. Moreover, an ability of the shorter IE180 variants to bind heparin was also revealed in the study. These data provide useful insights on protease profiles encountered among different PrV susceptible cells and indicates the use of appropriate protease inhibitors such as TLCK to protect IE180 under these experimental conditions. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. RP Garmendia, AE (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PATHOBIOL,STORRS,CT 06268, USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 1997 VL 64 IS 2 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(96)02157-X PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA WP033 UT WOS:A1997WP03300007 PM 9079763 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Whetstone, CA AF Suarez, DL Whetstone, CA TI Size variation within the second hypervariable region of the surface envelope gene of the bovine lentivirus BIV in experimentally and naturally infected cattle SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; RETROVIRAL SHUTTLE VECTOR; SINGLE REPLICATION CYCLE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MUTATIONAL HOTSPOTS; BROAD-SPECTRUM; RECOMBINATION; INVIVO; HYPERMUTATIONS AB The bovine lentivirus also known as the bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) has conserved and hypervariable regions in the surface envelope (SU) gene. Size variation between isolates can be as large as 200 bp, mostly occurring in the second hypervariable (V2) gene region of the SU gene. The V2 region was cloned and sequenced from both experimentally and naturally infected cattle. Temporal evaluation of provirus from an experimentally inoculated cow showed two different-sized variants that appeared over time. The variation appeared to result from a recombinational event resulting in an apparent direct repeat. Cloned proviral nucleotide sequence diversity increased over time. Virus that was cultured and then cloned and sequenced showed progressive change from the inoculum virus, but culturing reduced the diversity of the clones as compared with direct amplification of provirus from leukocyte samples from the cow. The quasispecies phenomenon was evident in clones sequenced from a cow naturally infected with BIV. Of 10 clones examined from the V2 region, 6 different-size clones were present with nine different patterns of sequence rearrangement. Sequence length of different clones varied by as much as 43 amino acids (aa), with 21- and 15-aa direct repeats accounting for most of the size variation. Similar to other lentiviruses, BIV appears to mutate rapidly, which may be important in viral persistence and pathogenesis. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 71 IS 3 BP 2482 EP 2486 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA WH172 UT WOS:A1997WH17200086 PM 9032387 ER PT J AU Krall, EA DawsonHughes, B Hirst, K Gallagher, JC Sherman, SS Dalsky, G AF Krall, EA DawsonHughes, B Hirst, K Gallagher, JC Sherman, SS Dalsky, G TI Bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in healthy elderly men and women SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LINKED N-TELOPEPTIDES; I COLLAGEN; AGE; OSTEOPOROSIS; RESORPTION; IMMUNOASSAY; URINE AB Background. Osteoporosis risk in middle-aged women is twofold greater than that in men, and the difference increases with age. Gender differences in bone mineral density, estimated rates of bone loss, and usefulness of markers of bone metabolism for predicting bone density have not been well described in healthy elders aged 65 and above. The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to describe associations of bone mineral density at the hip, spine, and whole body with age, serum osteocalcin, and urinary N-telopeptide crosslinks of Type I collagen in healthy elderly men and women. Methods. A total of 1,087 healthy adults (273 men and 814 women) aged 65 to 87 years were enrolled in a collaborative study at 3 sites: Tufts University (Boston, MA), University of Connecticut Health Center (Farmington, CT), and Creighton University (Omaha, NE). Bone mineral density (BMD) at three regions of the hip, the lumbar spine, and whole body was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum osteocalcin was measured by immunoassay, and measurement of N-telopeptide crosslinks (Ntx) in urine was made using an enzyme-linked radioimmunoassay (ELISA). Results. Among women, the age-related decline in BMD at all non-spine skeletal sites was significantly different from zero, with the largest decline seen at the femoral neck (-.0038 g/cm(2)/y, p <.001) and the smallest at the trochanter of the hip (-.0023 g/cm(2)/y, p = .03). Among men, the changes at all non-spine sites were not significant. In both sexes, spine BMD tended to increase with age (men, +.0045 g/cm(2)/y, women, +.0003 g/cm(2)/y). Serum osteocalcin and urinary Ntx were inversely related to BMD at all skeletal sites, but the weakest associations were observed at the spine. Individuals whose values of both osteocalcin and Ntx were in the lowest quartiles of the respective sex-specific distributions had mean femoral neck BMD that were 11% higher than individuals with marker values in the highest quartiles. Conclusions. These findings suggest that age-related decreases in BMD may vary by gender and skeletal site. Determinations of osteocalcin and N-telopeptide crosslinks at a single point in rime may potentially be used as indicators of current bone status, particularly at non-spine skeletal sites. C1 HENRY FORD HLTH SYST,DETROIT,MI. CREIGHTON UNIV,OMAHA,NE 68178. NIA,GERIATR PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CONNECTICUT,HLTH SCI CTR,FARMINGTON,CT. RP Krall, EA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,JEAN MAYER USDA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-10353] NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 52 IS 2 BP M61 EP M67 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA WL798 UT WOS:A1997WL79800007 PM 9060971 ER PT J AU Garnett, NL DeHaven, WR AF Garnett, NL DeHaven, WR TI OPRR and USDA animal care response on applicability of the Animal Welfare Regulations and the PHS Policy to dead animals and shared tissues SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA,RIVERDALE,MD. RP Garnett, NL (reprint author), NIH,DIV ANIM WELF,OFF PROTECT RES RISKS,ROCKVILLE,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WL990 UT WOS:A1997WL99000006 ER PT J AU Meng, J Zhao, S Doyle, MP Mitchell, SE Kresovich, S AF Meng, J Zhao, S Doyle, MP Mitchell, SE Kresovich, S TI A multiplex PCR for identifying shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; FOODS; GENES AB A multiplex PCR assay specifically detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 was developed by employing primers amplifying a DNA sequence upstream of E. coli O157:H7 eaeA gene and genes encoding Shiga-like toxins (SLT)I and II. Analysis of 151 bacterial strains revealed that all E. coli O157:H7 strains were identified simultaneously with the SLT types and could be distinguished from E. coli O55:H7 and E. coli O55:NM, and other non-O157 SLT-producing E. coli strains. Primer design, reaction composition (in particular, primer quantity and ratios), and amplification profile were most important in development of this multiplex PCR. This assay can serve not only as a confirmation test but also potentially can be applied to detect the pathogen in food. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & QUAL ENHANCEMENT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,GENET RESOURCES UNIT,USDA ARS,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 17 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 24 IS 3 BP 172 EP 176 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765X.1997.00375.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WM708 UT WOS:A1997WM70800005 PM 9080694 ER PT J AU Rong, N Ausman, LM Nicolosi, RJ AF Rong, N Ausman, LM Nicolosi, RJ TI Oryzanol decreases cholesterol absorption and aortic fatty streaks in hamsters SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID RICE BRAN OIL; GAMMA-ORYZANOL; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC ACTIVITY; RATS; METABOLISM; PROTEIN; DIETS AB Oryzanol is a class of nonsaponifiable lipids of rice bran oil (RBO). More specifically, oryzanol is a group of ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohol and plant sterols. In experiment 1, the mechanisms of the cholesterol-lowering action of oryzanol were investigated in 32 hamsters made hypercholesterolemic by feeding chow based diets containing 5% coconut oil and 0.1% cholesterol with or without 1% oryzanol for 7 wk. Relative to the control animals, oryzanol treatment resulted in a significant reduction in plasma total cholesterol (TC) (28%, P < 0.01) and the sum of IDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C (NON-HDL-C) (34%, P < 0.01). In addition, the oryzanol-treated animals also exhibited a 25% reduction in percent cholesterol absorption vs. control animals. Endogenous cholesterol synthesis, as measured by the liver and intestinal HMG-CoA reductase activities, showed no difference between the two groups. To determine whether a lower dose of oryzanol was also efficacious and to measure aortic fatty streaks, 19 hamsters in experiment 2 were divided into two groups and fed for 10 wk chow-based diets containing 0.05% cholesterol and 10% coconut oil (w/w) (control) and the control diet plus 0.5% oryzanol (oryzanol). Relative to the control, oryzanol-treated hamsters had reduced plasma TC (44%, P < 0.001), NON-HDL-C (57%, P < 0.01), and triglyceride (TG) (46%, P < 0.05) concentrations. Despite a 12% decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.01), the oryzanol-treated animals maintained a more optimum NON-HDL-C/HDL-C profile (1.1 +/- 0.4) than the control (2.5 +/- 1.4; P < 0.0075). Aortic fatty streak formation, so defined by the degree of accumulation of Oil Red O-stained macrophage-derived foam cells, was reduced 67% (P < 0.01) in the oryzanol-treated animals. From these studies, it is concluded that a constituent of the nonsaponifiable lipids of RBO, oryzanol, is at least partially responsible for the cholesterol-lowering action of RBO. In addition, the cholesterol-lowering action of oryzanol was associated with significant reductions in aortic fatty streak formation. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CLIN SCI,CTR CARDIOVASC DIS CONTROL,LOWELL,MA 01854. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR SCI & POLICY,MEDFORD,MA 02155. NR 33 TC 134 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s11745-997-0037-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WN341 UT WOS:A1997WN34100009 PM 9076667 ER PT J AU Grimm, DR Goldman, T HolleyShanks, R Buoen, L Mendiola, J Schook, LB Louis, C Rohrer, GA Lunney, JK AF Grimm, DR Goldman, T HolleyShanks, R Buoen, L Mendiola, J Schook, LB Louis, C Rohrer, GA Lunney, JK TI Mapping of microsatellite markers developed from a flow-sorted swine Chromosome 6 library SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID PORCINE MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA; RYANODINE RECEPTOR GENE; PIG SUS-SCROFA; LINKAGE MAP; CAUSAL MUTATION; DNA LIBRARY; ASSIGNMENT; PCR; PERFORMANCE; KARYOTYPE AB Swine Chromosome (Chr) 6-enriched libraries, generated with size-fractionated DNA isolated from chromosomes sorted by flow cytometry, have been used to develop new Chr 6 microsatellite markers. Chromosome isolation procedures were established to reproducibly prepare high quality chromosomes from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated swine peripheral blood lymphocytes and to sort individual chromosomes after staining with Hoechst 33258 and chromomycin A3. Chromosome purity was verified by specific staining of swine Chr 6 with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) by use of painting probes generated by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) amplification of as few as 300 sorted Chr 6. For library construction, DNA was extracted from flow-sorted pools representing Chr 6, amplified, size selected for fragments from 300 to 700 bp, and ligated into pBluescript SK II+ or Lambda ZAP Express. The libraries were then screened with a radiolabeled poly(dCA) DNA probe. Of 107 (CA)(n) repeat-containing clones verified by sequencing, 21 were polymorphic and used to genotype the University of Illinois swine reference families. Linkage analysis was then performed with CRIMAP 2.4 (LOD > 3.0), and the results showed that 15 of the microsatellites mapped to swine Chr 6. At least three of these new markers map to locations where there were gaps in the consensus Chr 6 map. Another four markers, because of their PIC values, should provide more informative markers in other areas of the map. Most of the new markers can also be used for automated genotyping with fluorescent labeling. This set of 15 new Chr 6 markers will, therefore, be useful in helping to define QTL associated with swine Chr 6. C1 USDA ARS,IDRL,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. OI Schook, Lawrence/0000-0002-6580-8364 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD MAR PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s003359900388 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA WL737 UT WOS:A1997WL73700007 PM 9069120 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, HH Droleskey, RE AF Mollenhauer, HH Droleskey, RE TI Image contrast in sections of epoxy resin-embedded biological material: Maintenance of a proper anhydride-epoxy ratio during tissue impregnation SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE epoxy resins; embedding; electron microscopy ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY AB Epoxy resins are mixtures of several components formulated in exact proportions to assure proper polymerization. It is necessary that this composition be maintained throughout the tissue being infiltrated to avoid embedding artifacts. Unfortunately, the separate resin components will not penetrate the tissue at the same rate unless they all have the same viscosity and molecular size. Failure to meet these criteria will result in component separation during tissue infiltration and may result in severe embedding defects. This and several ancillary problems such as low tissue contrast, damage to diamond knives, and poor postsection staining are explored in this brief discussion. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Mollenhauer, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD MAR 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 5 BP 417 EP 421 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970301)36:5<417::AID-JEMT11>3.0.CO;2-V PG 5 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA WW360 UT WOS:A1997WW36000011 PM 9140943 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE Hohn, TM AF Desjardins, AE Hohn, TM TI Mycotoxins in plant pathogenesis SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Review ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; SYNTHASE GENE; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; SYNTHETASE GENE; MAIZE; DISRUPTION; VIRULENCE RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 51 TC 130 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1094/MPMI.1997.10.2.147 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA WK716 UT WOS:A1997WK71600001 ER PT J AU Maxwell, WMC Johnson, LA AF Maxwell, WMC Johnson, LA TI Chlortetracycline analysis of boar spermatozoa after incubation, flow cytometric sorting, cooling, or cryopreservation SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE boar spermatozoa; flow sorting; cryopreservation; cooling; chlortetracycline; viability; membrane status ID ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; FERTILIZATION INVITRO; SPERM CAPACITATION; ACROSOME REACTION; SEX PRESELECTION; BEARING SPERM; VIABILITY; FROZEN; SEMEN; SWINE AB In this study, the effects of staining procedure with chlortetracycline (CTC) and method of analysis of boar spermatozoa after staining were examined. The hypothesis that incubation, flow cytometric sorting, cooling, and cryopreservation cause changes to boar sperm membranes which resemble capacitation and the acrosome reaction was also tested. Membrane status was evaluated by flow cytometry and by fluorescence microscopy after staining with CTC, and acrosome integrity was checked by flow cytometry after staining with FITC-pisum sativum agglutenin and propidium iodide (PI). Flow cytometry was also used to assess viability (percentages of live and dead cells) of boar sperm after staining with SYBR-14 and PI. Staining of spermatozoa with CTC alone and in combination with PI and/or Hoechst 33342 had no effect on the proportion of spermatozoa allocated to the F (uncapacitated), B (capacitated), or AR (acrosome-reacted) CTC fluorescent staining categories. The mean percentages of acrosome-intact and acrosome-reacted cells were 88.4 and 6.8 or 0.8 and 96.5 in semen treated with 0 or 100 mu g/ml lysophosphatidylchloine (LPC), respectively (P < 0.001). Most spermatozoa were also in the AR CTC-stained category after treatment with LPC compared with a small proportion in the controls. Using flow cytometry to examine sperm suspensions stained with CTC, a gated population of spermatozoa with low fluorescence (population 1) comprised predominantly F-pattern cells (F-pattern: population 1 vs. population 2, 80.5 vs. 14.4%; P < 0.001), whereas population 2 (high fluorescence) comprised mainly B-pattern cells (B-pattern: population 1 vs. population 2, 8.5 vs. 62.3%; P < 0.001). Incubation (38 degrees C, 4 hr), flow sorting, cooling (to 15 or 5 degrees C) and freezing reduced the proportion of F-pattern and live spermatozoa, and increased the proportion of B-, AP-pattern, and dead spermatozoa, in comparison with fresh semen. There were move membrane changes in spermatozoa cooled to 5 degrees C (30.4, 48.5, 21.1%) than in those cooled to 15 degrees C (56.1, 32.6, 11.5% F-, B-, and AR-pattern spermatozoa, respectively). (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP Maxwell, WMC (reprint author), UNIV SYDNEY,DEPT ANIM SCI,SYDNEY,NSW 2006,AUSTRALIA. NR 28 TC 142 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 46 IS 3 BP 408 EP 418 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199703)46:3<408::AID-MRD21>3.0.CO;2-T PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA WK619 UT WOS:A1997WK61900021 PM 9041145 ER PT J AU Halperin, SJ Kochian, LV Lynch, JP AF Halperin, SJ Kochian, LV Lynch, JP TI Salinity stress inhibits calcium loading into the xylem of excised barley (Hordeum vulgare) roots SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; calcium; xylem loading; salt stress ID SALT TOLERANCE; TRANSPORT; LEAVES; PROTOPLASTS; SODIUM; GROWTH; CA2+; NACL; POTASSIUM; SOLUTES AB Salinity stress inhibits Ca translocation to the shoot, leading to Ca deficiency. The objective of this study was to determine whether salt stress inhibits Ca translocation through effects on younger root regions, where radial Ca transport is largely apoplastic, or through effects on mature regions of the roots, where radial Ca transport is largely symplastic. Roots were excised from 4-d-old dark-grown barley seedlings. Calcium translocation was studied by application of Ca-45 3 or 6 cm from the root tip and measurement of its appearance in the root exudate. Calcium uptake along the axis of excised roots was studied with a vibrating Ca+2 microelectrode. Salt stress (60 mM NaCl) inhibited Ca translocation from the 6 cm region more than from the 3 cm region. Sodium sulphate treatments (30 and 36 mM) were more deleterious to Ca translocation than was NaCl in the 3 cm region, and 110 mM mannitol and 60 mM KCl affected Ca translocation similarly to Na2SO4. The salt and mannitol treatments were more deleterious to Ca translocation in the 6 cm region than in the 3 cm region, and mannitol and KCl inhibited Ca translocation more than the sodium treatments. Supplemental Ca could overcome the inhibition of Ca translocation by NaCl stress. Calcium uptake into the root at the 3 and 6 cm regions was not reduced by NaCl, but was retarded 0.05 cm from the apex. We conclude that symplastic Ca transport is more inhibited than apoplastic transport in salinized roots, and that the osmotic component of salt stress causes most of the inhibition. Since symplastic transport is inhibited, the possibility exists that research into the effects of salinity on the transport functions of endodermal cells will yield information that can be used to improve Ca translocation in salt-affected plants. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 36 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 135 IS 3 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00680.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WR135 UT WOS:A1997WR13500002 ER PT J AU Penuelas, J Idso, SB Ribas, A Kimball, BA AF Penuelas, J Idso, SB Ribas, A Kimball, BA TI Effects of long-term atmospheric CO2 enrichment on the mineral concentration of Citrus aurantium leaves SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Citrus aurantium; sour orange trees; carbon dioxide; leaf mineral concentration; acclimation ID SOUR ORANGE TREES; INSECT HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; LAST 3 CENTURIES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ELEVATED CO2; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; ALLOCATION AB Leaf mineral concentration of Citrus aurantium (sour orange tree) was measured at bi-monthly intervals from 30 to 85 months of exposure in a long-term study on the effects of a 300 mu mol mol(-1) enrichment of atmospheric CO2, under conditions of high nutrient and water supply. There were clear seasonal trends in the concentrations of most of the elements studied. There were initial decreases in the leaf concentrations of N and the xylem-mobile, phloem-immobile elements Mn, Ca and Mg, as well as a significant and sustained increase in the leaf concentration of B, and no changes in the concentrations of K, Fe, Na, P, S, Zn and Cu. Interestingly, the initial reductions in the leaf concentrations of Mn, N, Ca and Mg gradually disappeared with time. C1 US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,USDA ARS,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP Penuelas, J (reprint author), UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,CTR RECERCA ECOL & APLICAC FORESTALS,FAC CIENCIES,BELLATERRA 08193,BARCELONA,SPAIN. RI Ribas, Angela/L-5633-2014; Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011 OI Ribas, Angela/0000-0002-5938-2408; Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 135 IS 3 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00676.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WR135 UT WOS:A1997WR13500004 ER PT J AU Feldhake, CM Glenn, DM Edwards, WM Peterson, DL AF Feldhake, CM Glenn, DM Edwards, WM Peterson, DL TI Quantifying drought for humid, temperate pastures using the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE crop water stress index; pasture; evapotranspiration; lysimeter; drought; Festuca arundinacea; Dactylis glomerata ID CANOPY TEMPERATURE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; INDICATOR AB Pastures benefit from changes in management during periods of drought; therefore, better methods of quantifying drought would be useful. This research was conducted to determine how values of the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) related to measured reductions in evapotranspiration (ET) by pasture as a result of water stress. Evapotranspiration by cocksfoot was measured using a large weighing lysimeter at Coshocton, Ohio, during 1988, a very dry year, and 1989, a wet one. Evapotranspiration by cocksfoot and tall fescue was measured during 1993, at Kearneysville, West Virginia, using two large weighing lysimeters with drought simulated during the latter part of the growing season using rain-out shelters. Net radiation, wind speed, air temperature, humidity, and canopy temperature were measured at both locations to calculate potential ET and the CWSI. The relationship between CWSI and relative ET (actual divided by potential ET) was curvilinear and differed between cocksfoot and tall fescue. Under very dry conditions, the CWSI exceeded values which have been reported as the maximum for field crops. While the CWSI has the potential to be a useful tool for quantifying pasture water stress, there is a species dependency that will require further analysis. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NO APPALACHIAN EXPT WATERSHED,COSHOCTON,OH. RP Feldhake, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIR PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 399, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8233 J9 NEW ZEAL J AGR RES JI N. Z. J. Agric. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA WW113 UT WOS:A1997WW11300003 ER PT J AU Leavitt, SW Paul, EA Pendall, E Pinter, PJ Kimball, BA AF Leavitt, SW Paul, EA Pendall, E Pinter, PJ Kimball, BA TI Field variability of carbon isotopes in soil organic carbon SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY MAY 20-24, 1996 CL TUCSON, AZ SP AMS ID NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE; MATTER DYNAMICS AB Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) plant-growth experiments conducted in Arizona have allowed a spinoff isotope tracer experiment (tank CO2 is C-14- and C-13-depleted) to follow the input of carbon into soil organic matter pools. Accurate assessment of the C-14 and C-13 inputs to soils by this pathway requires detailed knowledge of the isotopic composition of the soils before the experiments. We have examined the variability of delta(13)C in soil organic matter in 8 experimental plots prior to the beginning of the 1995-96 FACE experiments with wheat. delta(13)C variability was higher immediately after harvest of a previous crop in June, but the plots were much more homogeneous five months later immediately before planting. Intervening field management, including disking, plowing and installation of irrigation drip tape likely contributed to mixing the soils. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP Leavitt, SW (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,TREE RING RES LAB,105 W STADIUM,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. OI Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAR PY 1997 VL 123 IS 1-4 BP 451 EP 454 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00707-0 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA WT653 UT WOS:A1997WT65300089 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB AF Roberts, SB TI Human obesity genes SO NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-B GENE; BODY-FAT; BETA(3)-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR GENE; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; PROTEIN; WEIGHT; HYPERINSULINEMIA; ASSOCIATION; INDIANS; LINKAGE RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD MAR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(96)00414-5 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WV651 UT WOS:A1997WV65100016 PM 9131690 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ AF Burri, BJ TI Beta-carotene and human health: A review of current research SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE beta-carotene; human; health; antioxidant; gap-junction; immunology ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; ERYTHROPOIETIC PROTOPORPHYRIA; CANCER PREVENTION; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; PROVITAMIN-A; PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISEASES AB Beta-carotene research has progressed rapidly in the past few years. New techniques have allowed accurate measurements of beta-carotene concentrations in plasma, tissues, and diet. New animal models, stable isotope techniques, and human depletion and repletion experiments are leading an explosion in the information about beta-carotene utilization in humans. These advances are leading to a better understanding of the possibilities and limitations of the influence of beta-carotene on human health. This review summarizes important new developments in beta-carotene research, and provides an interpretation of how these results reflect the impact of beta-carotene and human health. 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,PWA,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 159 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3 BP 547 EP 580 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(97)00011-0 PG 34 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WJ752 UT WOS:A1997WJ75200015 ER PT J AU Kahle, EB Butz, KG Chua, SC Kershaw, EE Leibel, RL Fenger, TW Hansen, CT Michaelis, OE AF Kahle, EB Butz, KG Chua, SC Kershaw, EE Leibel, RL Fenger, TW Hansen, CT Michaelis, OE TI The rat corpulent (cp) mutation maps to the same interval on (Pgm1-Glut1) rat chromosome 5 as the fatty (fa) mutation SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE inherited; single-gene; obesity; genes ID GENETICALLY-OBESE RAT; SUCROSE; INSULIN; MOUSE; GLUCOSE; LOCUS; MICE AB The autosomal recessive obesity mutations fatty (fa) and corpulent (cp) arose in separate rat strains, 13M and Koletsky, respectively. By complementation analysis, the two mutations appear to be in the same gene. The somewhat different phenotypes of fa/fa and cp/cp animals probably reflect the fact that the mutations are segregating on different rat strains. The fa mutation has been mapped to the interval between Pgm1 and Glut1 on rat Chr 5, but cp has not been mapped genetically. We mapped cp in 30 obese progeny of a LA/N-BN cp/+ intercross using microsatellite markers for these flanking genes. Cp maps to the same genetic interval as rat fa and mouse db. Cp is flanked by Glut1 and Pgm1: [GRAPHICS] Thus, cp and fa map to the same similar to 8 cM interval of the rat genome. In conjunction with the complementation studies alluded to above, these findings indicate that cp and fa are mutations in the same gene (Lepr). C1 MARSHALL UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,HUNTINGTON,WV 25755. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,HUMAN BEHAV & METAB LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10021. NIH,DIV RES SERV,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Kahle, EB (reprint author), MARSHALL UNIV,DEPT BIOL,HUNTINGTON,WV 25755, USA. RI Kershaw, Erin/G-9587-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD28047]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK28867, DK47473] NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI BATON ROUGE PA 6400 PERKINS RD, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 142 EP 145 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR888 UT WOS:A1997WR88800008 PM 9112249 ER PT J AU Lieberman, MA Patil, RB AF Lieberman, MA Patil, RB TI Evaluation of learning vector quantization to classify cotton trash SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE learning vector quantization; vector quantization; neural network; cotton nonlint material; bark; pattern classification AB The cotton industry needs a method to identify the type of trash [nonlint material (NLM)] in cotton samples; learning vector quantization (LVQ) is evaluated as that method. LVQ is a classification technique that defines reference vectors (group prototypes) in an N-dimensional feature space (RN). Normalized trash object features extracted from images of compressed cotton samples define R(N). An unknown NLM object is given the label of the closest reference vector (as defined by Euclidean distance). Different normalized feature spaces and NLM classifications are evaluated and accuracies reported for correctly identifying the NLM type. LVQ is used to partition cotton trash into: (1) bark (B), leaf (L), pepper (P), or stick (S); (2) bark and nonbark (N); or (3) bark, combined leaf and pepper (LP), or stick. Percentage accuracy for correctly identifying 139 pieces of test trash placed on laboratory prepared samples for the three scenarios are (B:95, L:87, P:100, S:88), (B:100, N:97), and (B:95, LP:99, S:88), respectively. Also, LVQ results are compared to previous work using backpropagating neural networks. (C) 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP Lieberman, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,SW COTTON GRINNING RES LAB,POB 578,300 E COLL DR,MESILLA PK,NM 88047, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 914 EP 921 DI 10.1117/1.601257 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA WN456 UT WOS:A1997WN45600034 ER PT J AU Rhoads, ML Fetterer, RH AF Rhoads, ML Fetterer, RH TI Extracellular matrix: A tool for defining the extracorporeal function of parasite proteases SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; CATHEPSIN-L; CYSTEINE PROTEASE; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; INFECTIVE LARVAE; PROTEINASE; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION; COLLAGEN AB The significance of cysteine protease activity present in excretory/secretory products of the feeding stages of Haemonchus contortus is discussed here by Marcia Rhoads and Raymond Fetterer. Based, in part, on the in vitro degradation and uptake of extracellular matrix components by live parasites, they argue that the cysteine proteases have an essential extracorporeal function in the digestion of host tissues. They also outline the merits of the extracellular matrix model, which mimics the in vivo structure of connective tissue and basement membranes, in analyzing host-parasite interactions and (possibly) parasite developmental processes. RP Rhoads, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD MAR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0169-4758(96)40011-4 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA WJ629 UT WOS:A1997WJ62900012 PM 15275116 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Wen, JP Stuff, JE AF Abrams, SA Wen, JP Stuff, JE TI Absorption of calcium, zinc, and iron from breast milk by five- to seven-month-old infants SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; FRACTIONAL ABSORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXTRINSIC TAG; CHILDREN; FORMULA; METABOLISM; EXCRETION; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Data are scarce regarding mineral bioavailability from human milk in older infants who may also be receiving solid foods (beikust), We measured the absorption of Ca, Zn, and Fe in 14 healthy, nonanemic 5-7-mo-old breast-fed infants whose mothers' milk was extrinsically labeled with stable isotopes (Ca-44, Zn-70, and Fe-58) of these minerals. In addition, Ca and Zn stable isotopes (Ca-46 and Zn-67) were administered i.v., and a second isotope of Fe (Fe-57) was given orally without food as a non-meal dose. Subjects were not receiving any artificial infant formula or cow's milk, but most (10/14) were receiving beikost. Ca and Zn absorption was calculated using the urinary excretion of the isotopes during the 24 h after dosing (Ca) or their urinary ratio 72 h after dosing (Zn). Fe absorption was calculated using the red blood cell incorporation at 14 d. Fe absorption averaged 20.7 +/- 14.8% from the Fe-58 given with human milk (geometric mean, 14.8%) and 17.7 +/- 15.1% (geometric mean, 11.0%) from the Fe-57 non-meal dose. Ca absorption averaged 61.3 +/- 22.7% and Zn absorption (n = 10) averaged 49.5 +/- 18.5%. Absorption of Fe (natural logarithm) from the non-meal Fe dose (Fe-57) but not from the human milk (Fe-58) was significantly negatively correlated to serum ferritin (r = -0.70, p = 0.007 versus r = -0.35, p = 0.24). At the intake levels in this study, total daily Fe, Ca, and Zn intakes from beikost were not significantly correlated to their fractional absorption from breast milk, but Fe intake from beikost was significantly negatively correlated to absorption of Fe from the non-meal dose (r = -0.61, p = 0.021), We conclude that minerals are well absorbed from human milk in older infants after the introduction of beikost to the diet. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 34 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 384 EP 390 DI 10.1203/00006450-199703000-00014 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA WK808 UT WOS:A1997WK80800014 PM 9078540 ER PT J AU McCollum, TG Doostdar, H Mayer, RT McDonald, RE AF McCollum, TG Doostdar, H Mayer, RT McDonald, RE TI Characterization of chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases in grapefruit flavedo during fruit development SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE chitinases; Citrus paradisi; flavedo; beta-1,3-glucanases; hydrolases; immunodetection; substrate specificity ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; ANTIFUNGAL HYDROLASES; HORMONAL-REGULATION; 2 CHITINASES; BEAN-LEAVES; PEA TISSUE; TOBACCO; PURIFICATION; MATURATION; INFECTION AB Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) and beta-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) activities in the flavedo of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi cv. Marsh) were determined at 17 times during the course of fruit development. Chitinase activity is initially high in flavedo, but drops rapidly and is low, although fairly constant throughout the remainder of fruit development. In contrast to chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase activity is lowest in young fruit and increases during development. Western blots of crude flavedo extracts following SDS-PAGE. were probed with antibodies raised against purified citrus chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase. Results of immunostaining revealed that changes in the activities of chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase were reflected in the amount of chitinase and glucanase protein present in the extracts. Only a single chitinase band was detected on western blots of crude flavedo extracts, whereas one glucanase band was present in young fruit and a second one appeared later in older fruit. Partial purification of flavedo chitinases and glucanases was performed using extracts prepared from immature and mature fruit for the two enzymes, respectively Acidic and basic forms of both enzymes were present in the extracts; acidic and basic forms of chitinase were present in nearly equal amounts whereas basic glucanases predominated (91% of total activity). Acidic and basic chitinases differed in substrate specificity as well as products of degradation indicating the heterogeneous nature of the enzymes. Both acidic and basic glucanases required the presence of beta-1,3 linkages for activity, were active against both soluble and insoluble beta-1,3 glucans and generated similar products. RP McCollum, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,USHRL,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 99 IS 3 BP 486 EP 494 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.990318.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WN077 UT WOS:A1997WN07700018 ER PT J AU Gardner, DR Manners, GD Ralphs, MH Pfister, JA AF Gardner, DR Manners, GD Ralphs, MH Pfister, JA TI Quantitative analysis of norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspur (Delphinium spp.) by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Delphinium barbeyi; Delphinium glaucescens; Delphinium occidentale; larkspur; methyllycaconitine ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; TALL LARKSPUR; TOXIC ALKALOIDS; CATTLE; METHYLLYCACONITINE; BARBEYI AB A Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic method for measuring norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspurs was developed, Alkaloids were isolated from dry plant material using a simplified extraction procedure and quantitated using FT-IR. Calibration of the method was made from selected larkspur samples with known alkaloid levels determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and gravimetric methods. Thirty-nine samples from three different larkspur species (Delphinium barbeyi, D. glaucescens, and D. occidentale) were analysed to demonstrate the ability of the FT-IR method to measure toxic and total alkaloid concentrations in these plants. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Gardner, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84341, USA. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199703)8:2<55::AID-PCA338>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA WP719 UT WOS:A1997WP71900002 ER PT J AU Droby, S Wisniewski, ME Cohen, L Weiss, B Touitou, D Eilam, Y Chalutz, E AF Droby, S Wisniewski, ME Cohen, L Weiss, B Touitou, D Eilam, Y Chalutz, E TI Influence of CaCl2 on Penicillium digitatum, grapefruit peel tissue, and biocontrol activity of Pichia guilliermondii SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CALCIUM; MUTANTS; APPLE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BACTERIA; CITRUS; ATPASE AB Interactions between CaCl2, grapefruit peel tissue, Penicillium digitatum, and the yeast antagonist Pichia guilliermondii strain US-7 were investigated Application of 68 or 136 mM CaCl2 to grapefruit surface wounds reduced the incidence of green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum by 43 to 52%. In laboratory tests, a cell suspension (10(7) cells/ml) of Pichia guilliermondii containing either 68 or 136 mM CaCl2 reduced the incidence of green mold from 27 to 3%. In large scale tests, dip application of 136 mM CaCl2 with US-7 (10(7) cells/ml) significantly decreased the number of wounds infected by Penicillium digitatum. CaCl2, with or without yeast cells, stimulated ethylene production in grapefruit tissue. Increasing concentrations of CaCl2 resulted in decreased spore germination and germ tube elongation of Penicillium digitatum. Pectinolytic activity of crude enzyme preparations of Penicillium digitatum was also inhibited by the presence of increasing concentrations of CaCl2. US-7 exhibited a strong ability to maintain cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis at levels that did not exceed 1.4 mu M when exposed to 150 mM CaCl2. On the other hand, strain 114 of Debaryomyces hansenii, which failed to give any protection against infection by Penicillium digitatum, showed reduced capacity to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis. The effect of calcium in reducing infection of grapefruit wounds by Penicillium digitatum could be due to direct effects on host tissue (making cell walls more resistant to enzymatic degradation) or the pathogen (interfering with spore germination, growth, and inhibition of fungal pectinolytic enzymes). Alternatively, the ability of US-7 to maintain calcium homeostasis may allow it to grow or assist in its competitive ability in a microenvironment that, because of high levels of calcium ions, is inhibitory to growth of the green mold pathogen. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,HADASSAH MED SCH,DEPT BACTERIOL,IL-91010 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP Droby, S (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,DEPT POSTHARVEST SCI,POB 6,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 26 TC 95 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1997 VL 87 IS 3 BP 310 EP 315 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.3.310 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN266 UT WOS:A1997XN26600011 PM 18945174 ER PT J AU DeVay, JE Gutierrez, AP Pullman, GS Wakeman, RJ Garber, RH Jeffers, DP Smith, SN Goodell, PB Roberts, PA AF DeVay, JE Gutierrez, AP Pullman, GS Wakeman, RJ Garber, RH Jeffers, DP Smith, SN Goodell, PB Roberts, PA TI Inoculum densities of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and Meloidogyne incognita in relation to the development of Fusarium wilt and the phenology of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE induced plant disease susceptibility; population densities of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum; root-knot; soil solarization ID GROWTH; MODEL AB Development of Fusarium wilt in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) usually requires infections of plants by both Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp, vasinfectum. In this study, the soil densities of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and the incidence of Fusarium wilt in three field sites were determined in 1982-1984. Multiple regression analysis of percent incidence of Fusarium wilt symptoms on population densities of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum yielded a significant fit (R-2 = 0.64) only on F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Significant t-values for slope were also obtained for the interaction of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, but densities of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum were also related on a log(10) scale. The physiological time of appearance of first foliar symptoms of Fusarium wilt, based on a degree-days threshold of 11.9 degrees C (53.5 degrees F), was used as a basis for determining disease progress curves and the phenology of cotton plant growth and development. Effects of Fusarium wilt on plant height and boil set were determined in three successive years. Increases in both of these plant characteristics decreased or stopped before foliar symptoms were apparent. Seed cotton yields of plant cohorts that developed foliar wilt symptoms early in the season (before 2,000 F degree-days) were variable but not much different in these years. This contrasted with cohorts of plants that first showed foliar symptoms late in the season (after 2,400 F degree-days) and cohorts of plants that showed no foliar symptoms of wilt. Regression analyses for 1982-1984 indicated moderate to weak correlations (r = 0.16-0.74) of the time of appearance of the first foliar symptoms and seed cotton yields. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94706. USDA,COTTON RES STN,SHAFTER,CA 93263. UNIV CALIF,CE DANR,PARLIER,CA 93648. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT NEMATOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP DeVay, JE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1997 VL 87 IS 3 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.3.341 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN266 UT WOS:A1997XN26600015 PM 18945178 ER PT J AU Vose, JM Elliott, KJ Johnson, DW Tingey, DT Johnson, MG AF Vose, JM Elliott, KJ Johnson, DW Tingey, DT Johnson, MG TI Soil respiration response to three years of elevated CO2 and N fertilization in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dong Ex Laws) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE dynamic measurement; elevated CO2 effects; open-top chambers; pCO(2); soil respiration ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; TRACE GAS FLUXES; FOREST FLOOR; INTERIOR ALASKA; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; PATTERNS; CHAMBERS; EFFLUX AB We measured growing season soil CO2 evolution under elevated atmospheric [CO2] and soil nitrogen (N) additions. Our objectives were to determine treatment effects, quantify seasonal variation, and compare two measurement techniques. Elevated [CO2] treatments were applied in open-top chambers containing ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa L.) seedlings. N applications were made annually in early spring. The experimental design was a replicated factorial combination of CO2 (ambient, +175, and +350 mu L L-1 CO2) and N (0, 10, and 20 g m(-2) N as ammonium sulphate). Soils were irrigated to maintain soil moisture at > 25 percent. Soil CO2 evolution was measured over diurnal periods (20-22 hours) in October 1992, and April, June, and October 1993 and 1994 using a flow-through, infrared gas analyzer measurement system and corresponding pCO(2) measurements were made with gas wells. Significantly higher soil CO2 evolution was observed in the elevated CO2 treatments; N effects were not significant. Averaged across all measurement periods, fluxes, were 4.8, 8.0, and 6.5 for ambient + 175 CO2, and +350 CO2 respectively). Treatment variation was linearly related to fungal occurrence as observed in minirhizotron tubes. Seasonal variation in soil CO2 evolution was non-linearly related to soil temperature; i.e., fluxes increased up to approximately soil temperature (10cm soil depth) and decreased dramatically at temperatures > 18 degrees C. These patterns indicate exceeding optimal temperatures for biological activity. The dynamic, flow-through measurement system was weakly correlated (r = 0.57; p < 0.0001; n = 56) with the pCO(2) measurement method. C1 UNIV NEVADA,COLL AGR,DESERT RES INST,RENO,NV 89512. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP Vose, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,999 COWEETA LAB RD,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 31 TC 40 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 1997 VL 190 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1023/A:1004204129128 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XJ610 UT WOS:A1997XJ61000003 ER PT J AU Griffiths, RP Entry, JA Ingham, ER Emmingham, WH AF Griffiths, RP Entry, JA Ingham, ER Emmingham, WH TI Chemistry and microbial activity of forest and pasture riparian-zone soils along three Pacific northwest streams SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE denitrification; microbial biomass; riparian soils; soil respiration ID GROUNDWATER NITRATE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MOUNTAIN MEADOW; BUFFER STRIPS; PINE FOREST; DENITRIFICATION; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; DECOMPOSITION AB Throughout the United States, agricultural practices are responsible for large quantities of nutrients entering lakes and streams. Previous studies have shown that forested riparian areas can filter nutrients from surface runoff and groundwater that may potentially contaminate lakes and streams. This study examined seasonal differences in soil chemistry and soil microorganisms in paired mixed-forest riparian and pasture systems, the aim being to gain understanding of the sequestering of N and P. The forest soils retained higher levels of organic C and N, mineralizable N, extractable P, and fungal biomass, and had higher respiration rates than pasture soils. These findings suggest that forested riparian zones have a greater capacity than pasture soils to sequester C and retain nutrients. In past studies, fungal biomass has been shown to be less than bacterial biomass in grassland soils, but in this study, fungal biomass was greater than bacterial biomass throughout the year in both forest and pasture soils. C1 USDA ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,KIMBERLY,ID 83301. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Griffiths, RP (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,PEAVY HALL 154,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 1997 VL 190 IS 1 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1023/A:1004211121095 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XJ610 UT WOS:A1997XJ61000018 ER PT J AU Miranda, AC Miranda, HS Lloyd, J Grace, J Francey, RJ Mcintyre, JA Meir, P Riggan, P Lockwood, R Brass, J AF Miranda, AC Miranda, HS Lloyd, J Grace, J Francey, RJ Mcintyre, JA Meir, P Riggan, P Lockwood, R Brass, J TI Fluxes of carbon, water and energy over Brazilian cerrado: An analysis using eddy covariance and stable isotopes SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE arid zone; Bowen ratio; carbon sequestration; savanna; soil respiration ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SOIL RESPIRATION; VAPOR TRANSFER; RAIN-FOREST; DIOXIDE; VEGETATION; AMAZONIA; LEAF; CO2; TRANSPIRATION AB We present the energy and mass balance of cerrado sensu stricto (a Brazilian form of savanna), in which a mixture of shrubs, trees and grasses forms a vegetation with a leaf area index of 1.0 in the wet season and 0.4 in the dry season. In the wet season the available energy was equally dissipated between sensible heat and evaporation, but in the dry season at high irradiance the sensible heat greatly exceeded evaporation. Ecosystem surface conductance g(s) in the wet season rose abruptly to 0.3 mol m(-2) s(-1) and fell gradually as the day progressed. Much of the total variation in g(s) was associated with variation in the leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit of water and the solar irradiance. In the dry season the maximal g(s) values were only 0.1 mol m(-2) s(-1). Maximal net ecosystem fluxes of CO2 in the wet and dry season were -10 and -15 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1) respectively (sign convention: negative denotes fluxes from atmosphere to vegetation). The canopy was well coupled to the atmosphere, and there was rarely a significant build-up of respiratory CO2 during the night. For observations in the wet season, the vegetation was a carbon dioxide sink, of maximal strength 0.15 mol m(-2) d(-1). However, it was a source of carbon dioxide for a brief period at the height of the dry season. Leaf carbon isotopic composition showed all the grasses except for one species to be C-4, and all the palms and woody plants to be C-3. The CO2 coming from the soil had an isotopic composition that suggested 40% of it was of C-4 origin. C1 UNIV EDINBURGH, INST ECOL & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, EDINBURGH EH9 3JU, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. UNIV BRASILIA, DEPT ECOL, BR-70910900 BRASILIA, DF, BRAZIL. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV, RES SCH BIOL SCI, INST ADV STUDIES, CANBERRA, ACT 2601, AUSTRALIA. CSIRO, DIV ATMOSPHER RES, MORDIALLOC, VIC 3195, AUSTRALIA. US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC SW RES STN, RIVERSIDE, CA 92507 USA. NASA, AMES RES CTR, ECOSYST SCI & TECHNOL BRANCH, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RI Lloyd, Jonathan/F-8893-2010; Meir, Patrick/J-8344-2012; Miranda, Heloisa/H-7833-2015 OI Lloyd, Jonathan/0000-0002-5458-9960; NR 53 TC 128 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-80.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WN194 UT WOS:A1997WN19400004 ER PT J AU Kamo, K AF Kamo, K TI Factors affecting Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gusA expression and opine synthesis in Gladiolus SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE floral bulb crops; GUS expression; A-tumefaciens ID CROWN GALL TUMORS; TRANSFORMATION; DNA; PLANTS; INDUCTION; RICE; CULTURES; GENE AB Five tumorigenic strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were used to inoculate corms, cormels, plants grown in vitro, and seed-derived seedlings of several cultivars of Gladiolus. Tumors formed on 12% of the plant tissues inoculated, and 1% of these tumors synthesized either octopine or nopaline. A. tumefaciens-mediated beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression showed 0.5% and 3.5% GUS expression for plants grown in vitro and regenerable callus, respectively. GUS expression ranged from 40% to 61% when A. tumefaciens was incubated with leaves from seedlings grown in the dark, whereas leaves from seedlings grown under a 16-h light photoperiod showed no GUS, indicating the significant effect of etiolation on transient GUS expression mediated by A. tumefaciens. RP Kamo, K (reprint author), USDA,NATL ARBORETUM,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BARC W,B-010A ROOM 238,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 6 BP 389 EP 392 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WN074 UT WOS:A1997WN07400006 ER PT J AU Phipps, PM Deck, SH Walker, DR AF Phipps, PM Deck, SH Walker, DR TI Weather-based crop and disease advisories for peanuts in Virginia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. WALKER ASHER & STOTT INC,JOHNSTOWN,PA. RP Phipps, PM (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,RES & EXTENS CTR,SUFFOLK,VA, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 81 IS 3 BP 236 EP 244 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.3.236 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN521 UT WOS:A1997XN52100001 ER PT J AU Okuda, S Prince, JP Davis, RE Dally, EL Lee, IM Mogen, B AF Okuda, S Prince, JP Davis, RE Dally, EL Lee, IM Mogen, B TI Two groups of phytoplasmas from Japan distinguished on the basis of amplification and restriction analysis of 16S rDNA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENIC MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; CLUSTER; MLOS AB Phytoplasmas (mycoplasmalike organisms, MLOs) associated with mitsuba (Japanese honewort) witches'-broom (JHW), garland chrysanthemum witches'-broom (GCW), eggplant dwarf (ED), tomato yellows (TY), marguerite yellows (MY), gentian witches'-broom (GW), and tsuwabuki witches'-broom (TW) in Japan were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA and restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products. The phytoplasmas could be separated into two groups, one containing strains JHW, GCW, ED, TY, and MY, and the other containing strains GW and TW, corresponding to two groups previously recognized on the basis of transmission by Macrosteles striifrons and Scleroracus flavopictus, respectively. The strains transmitted by M. striifrons were classified in 16S rRNA gene group 16SrI, which contains aster yellows and related phytoplasma strains. Strains GW and TW were classified in group 16SrIII, which contains phytoplasmas associated with peach X-disease, clover yellow edge, and related phytoplasmas. Digestion of amplified 16S rDNA with HpaII indicated that strains GW and TW were affiliated with subgroup 16SrIII-B, which contains clover yellow edge phytoplasma. All seven strains were distinguished from other phytoplasmas, including those associated with clover proliferation, ash yellows, elm yellows, and beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence in North America, and Malaysian periwinkle yellows and sweet potato witches'-broom in Asia. C1 USDA ARS,MOL PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UTSUNOMIYA UNIV,FAC AGR,UTSUNOMIYA,TOCHIGI 321,JAPAN. NATL AGR RES CTR,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 81 IS 3 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.3.301 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN521 UT WOS:A1997XN52100013 ER PT J AU McVey, DV Long, DL Roberts, JJ AF McVey, DV Long, DL Roberts, JJ TI Races of Puccinia graminis in the United States during 1995 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STEM RUST; NOMENCLATURE; SYSTEM AB Wheat stem rust overwintered in southern Louisiana, southern Texas, southwestern Georgia, northeastern Arkansas, and southwestern South Carolina in the winter of 1994-95. Wheat stem rust caused negligible yield losses in wheat in the United States, Races Pgt-TPMK and QCCJ made up 39 and 31% of all isolates, respectively. Race TPMK comprised 67% of isolates from farm fields. Race Pgt-QCCJ was most common from barley, making up 93% from 47 collections. Six collections from Hordeum jubatum yielded six isolates each of races QCCJ and QFCS, and one isolate of race TPMK. No virulence was found to wheat lines with genes Sr6, 9b, 13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, Gt, or Wdl-1. Oat stem rust overwintered in plots at Beeville and Temple, Texas, in a field near San Antonio, and in southern Louisiana. Yield losses due to oat stem rust in 1995 were negligible. Race NA-27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was again the predominant race in the United States, comprising 82% of the 225 isolates from 80 collections. NA-5 and NA-16 were the two other races identified from the United States, comprising 11 and 19% of the isolates. Only race NA-29 was found in four collections from Mexico. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA AGR EXPT STN,EXPERIMENT,GA 30212. RP McVey, DV (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,CEREAL RUST LAB,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 81 IS 3 BP 306 EP 310 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.3.306 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN521 UT WOS:A1997XN52100015 ER PT J AU Slovin, JP AF Slovin, JP TI Phytotoxic conjugates of indole-3-acetic acid: Potential agents for biochemical selection of mutants in conjugate hydrolysis SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE auxin analogues; bound auxins; duckweed; Lemna gibba; Zea mays ID GLYCINE-MAX L; IDENTIFICATION; TURNOVER; SEEDS; IAA AB Two strategies for selection of plant mutants altered in their ability to hydrolyze IAA conjugates are described. The rationale for both strategies is to form a conjugate between two chemical moieties in which one moiety is a toxin. The first strategy makes use of a toxic auxin analogue. For this approach a series of halogenated IAA analogues were tested for toxic properties to Lemna gibba and Zea mays. Several halogenated analogues were toxic, but only 5-Br-IAA was highly toxic to both species. The second strategy required a toxic compound with suitable functional groups to allow IAA conjugation. The mycotoxin patulin was found to be a suitable candidate. Uptake and hydrolysis of IAA-conjugates was studied in order to better define the conditions required for conjugate analogues to be effectively employed for selections. RP Slovin, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1023/A:1005873123184 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL831 UT WOS:A1997XL83100008 ER PT J AU Silk, GW Matthews, BF AF Silk, GW Matthews, BF TI Soybean DapA mutations encoding lysine-insensitive dihydrodipicolinate synthase SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DapA; dihydrodipicolinate synthase; Glycine max; lysine; soybean ID NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS; PURIFICATION; PATHWAY; MAIZE AB In plants, the rate-limiting step in the pathway for lysine synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DS), which is encoded by the DapA gene. We previously cloned the soybean (Glycine max cv. Century) DapA gene in Escherichia coli to express functional soybean DS protein. Like the wild-type soybean DS enzyme, the DS activity encoded by the cloned gene was extremely sensitive to feedback inhibition by micromolar concentrations of lysine. Three mutants of the soybean DapA gene were constructed using PCR: one with a single amino acid substitution at codon 104, another with a single amino acid substitution at codon 112, and a mutant containing both modifications. When expressed in E. coli, the mutant DS activities were insensitive to lysine at concentrations up to 1 mM. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Silk, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, PLANT MOL BIOL LAB, ROOM 118, BLDG 006 BARC WEST, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 EI 1573-5028 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 931 EP 933 DI 10.1023/A:1005766330149 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA WV518 UT WOS:A1997WV51800015 PM 9106516 ER PT J AU Holappa, LD WalkerSimmons, MK AF Holappa, LD WalkerSimmons, MK TI The wheat protein kinase gene, TaPK3, of the PKABA1 subfamily is differentially regulated in greening wheat seedlings SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold temperature; dehydration; greening; protein kinase; Triticum aestivum; wheat ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CARBON METABOLISM; MAP KINASE; HOMOLOG; SNF1; EXPRESSION; YEAST; CDNA; DEHYDRATION AB We have identified a new wheat PKABAl-like protein kinase gene, TaPK3, that is expressed in greening wheat seedlings. TaPK3 has high sequence homology (97% similarity with some sequence diversity at the 3' end) to the wheat PKABAl protein kinase mRNA, which is upregulated by cold-temperature treatment, dehydration and abscisic acid (ABA). Use of a TaPK3 gene-specific probe has revealed that TaPK3 is differentially expressed with respect to PKABAl. TaPK3 mRNA accumulates in greening shoot tissue of wheat, but is not affected by dehydration, cold-temperature treatment or ABA. Based on sequence and expression differences, we conclude that expression of the PKABAl-like protein kinases is not limited to stress responses. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 EI 1573-5028 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 935 EP 941 DI 10.1023/A:1005720203535 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA WV518 UT WOS:A1997WV51800016 PM 9106517 ER PT J AU ZhuShimoni, JX LevYadun, S Matthews, B Galili, G AF ZhuShimoni, JX LevYadun, S Matthews, B Galili, G TI Expression of an aspartate kinase homoserine dehydrogenase gene is subject to specific spatial and temporal regulation in vegetative tissues, flowers, and developing seeds SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; AMINO-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; DIHYDRODIPICOLINATE SYNTHASE; THREONINE SYNTHESIS; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; LYSINE SYNTHESIS; UP-REGULATION; PROTEIN; CALMODULIN; CATABOLISM AB Although the regulation of amino acid synthesis has been studied extensively at the biochemical level, it is still not known how genes encoding amino acid biosynthesis enzymes are regulated during plant development. In the present report, we have used the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to study the regulation of expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase (AK/HSD) gene in transgenic tobacco plants. The polypeptide encoded by the AK/HSD gene comprises two linked key enzymes in the biosynthesis of aspartate-family amino acids. AK/HSD-GUS gene expression was highly stimulated in apical and lateral meristems, lateral buds, young leaves, trichomes, vascular and cortical tissues of growing stems, tapetum and other tissues of anthers, pollen grains, Various parts of the developing gynoecium, developing seeds, and, in some transgenic plants, also in stem and leaf epidermal trichomes. AK/HSD-GUS gene expression gradually diminished upon maturation of leaves, stems, floral tissues, and embryos. GUS expression was relatively low in roots. During seed development, expression of the AK/HSD gene in the embryo was coordinated with the initiation and onset of storage protein synthesis, whereas in the endosperm it was coordinated with the onset of seed desiccation. Upon germination, AK/HSD-GUS gene expression in the hypocotyl and the cotyledons was significantly affected by light. The expression pattern of the A. thaliana AK/HSD-GUS reporter gene positively correlated with the levels of aspartate-family amino acids and was also very similar to the expression pattern of the endogenous tobacco AK/HSD mRNA as determined by in situ hybridization. C1 WEIZMANN INST SCI, DEPT PLANT GENET, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. ARS, PLANT MOL BIOL LAB, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 113 IS 3 BP 695 EP 706 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WN068 UT WOS:A1997WN06800004 ER PT J AU Brauer, D Uknalis, J Triana, R ShacharHill, Y Tu, SI AF Brauer, D Uknalis, J Triana, R ShacharHill, Y Tu, SI TI Effects of bafilomycin A(1) and metabolic inhibitors on the maintenance of vacuolar acidity in maize root hair cells SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSLOCATING INORGANIC PYROPHOSPHATASE; PROTON TRANSPORT; H+-ATPASE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TONOPLAST; TIPS; PH; NUCLEOTIDES; BINDING; SYSTEMS AB Proton pumps of tonoplast membranes have been studied extensively in vitro, but data concerning their regulation in vivo are lacking. Effects of either anoxia, or the addition of KCN, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (deoxy-glucose), or bafilomycin-A(1) (BAF) on vacuolar pH of maize (Zea mays L.) root hair cells were followed by fluorescence microscopy after loading of 2'7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6) carboxyfluorescein. Root hair cells were able to maintain vacuolar acidity for at least 2 h in the presence of either 10 mM KCN or 50 mM deoxy-glucose or during anoxia. Treatments with either deoxyglucose or KCN reduced total tissue ATP move than anoxia. ADP accumulated during anoxia and treatment with KCN as detected by in vivo P-31-NMR spectroscopy, but not during deoxy-glucose treatment. With control roots and roots treated with deoxy-glucose, the presence of BAF, a specific inhibitor of the V-type ATPase, caused alkalization of the vacuolar pH. However, either in the presence of KCN or under anoxic conditions, BAF was relatively ineffective in dissipating vacuolar acidity. Therefore, under anoxia or in the presence of KCN, unlike the situation with air or deoxy-glucose, the V-type ATPase apparently is not required for maintenance of vacuolar acidity. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL BIOPHYS & CORE TECHNOL RES UNIT,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 400,1224 AIRPORT RD,BEAVER,WV 25813, USA. RI Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013 OI Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 113 IS 3 BP 809 EP 816 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WN068 UT WOS:A1997WN06800017 ER PT J AU Sheng, CX Harper, JE AF Sheng, CX Harper, JE TI Shoot versus root signal involvement in nodulation and vegetative growth in wild-type and hypernodulating soybean genotypes SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOVERNING NODULATION; AUTOREGULATION; INOCULATION; SYMBIOSIS; MUTANTS; NUMBER AB Grafting studies involving Williams 82 (normally nodulating) and NOD1-3 (hypernodulating) soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) lines and Lablab purpureus were used to evaluate the effect of shoot and root on nodulation control and plant growth. A single- or double-wedge graft technique, with superimposed partial defoliation, was used to separate signal control from a photosynthate supply effect. Grafting of hypernodulated soybean shoots to roots of Williams 82 or L. purpureus resulted in increased nodule numbers. Crafting of two shoots to one root enhanced root growth in both soybean genotypes, whereas the nodule number was a function of shoot genotype but not of the photosynthetic area. In double-shoot, single-root-grafted plants, removing trifoliolate leaves from either Williams 82 or NOD1-3 shoots decreased root and shoot dry matter, attributable to decreased photosynthetic source. Concurrently, Williams 82 shoot defoliation increased the nodule number, whereas NOD1-3 shoot defoliation decreased the nodule number on both soybean and L. purpureus roots. It was concluded that (a) soybean leaves are the dominant site of autoregulatory signal production, which controls the nodule number; (b) soybean and L. purpureus have a common, translocatable, autoregulatory control signal; (c) seedling vegetative growth and nodule number are independently controlled; and (d) two signals, inhibitor and promoter, may be involved in controlling legume nodule numbers. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT, USDA, ARS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 113 IS 3 BP 825 EP 831 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WN068 UT WOS:A1997WN06800019 ER PT J AU Janoudi, AK Gordon, WR Wagner, D Quail, P Poff, KL AF Janoudi, AK Gordon, WR Wagner, D Quail, P Poff, KL TI Multiple phytochromes are involved in red-light-induced enhancement of first-positive phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS; HYPOCOTYL ELONGATION; MAIZE COLEOPTILES; SEEDLINGS; DEFICIENT; MUTANTS; FAMILY; OVEREXPRESSION; EXPRESSION; ADAPTATION AB The amplitude of phototropic curvature to blue light is enhanced by a prior exposure of seedlings to red light. This enhancement is mediated by phytochrome. Fluence-response relationships have been constructed for red-light-induced enhancement in the phytochrome A (phyA) null mutant, the phytochrome B- (phyB) deficient mutant, and in two transgenic lines of Arabidopsis thaliana that overexpress either phyA or phyB. These fluence-response relationships demonstrate the existence of two responses in enhancement, a response in the very-low-to-low-fluence range, and a response in the high-fluence range. Only the response in the high-fluence range is present in the phyA null mutant. In contrast, the phyB-deficient mutant is indistinguishable from the wild-type parent in red-light responsiveness. These data indicate that phyA is necessary for the very-low-to-low but not the high-fluence response, and that phyB is not necessary for either response range. Based on these results, the high-fluence response, if controlled by a single phytochrome, must be controlled by a phytochrome other than phyA or phyB. Overexpression of phyA has a negative effect and overexpression of phyB has an enhancing effect in the high-fluence range. These results suggest that overexpression of either phytochrome perturbs the function of the endogenous photoreceptor system in an unpredictable fashion. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENERGY,PLANT RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94710. USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94720. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 25 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 113 IS 3 BP 975 EP 979 DI 10.1104/pp.113.3.975 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WN068 UT WOS:A1997WN06800035 PM 9085579 ER PT J AU Trebitsh, T Staub, JE ONeill, SD AF Trebitsh, T Staub, JE ONeill, SD TI Identification of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene linked to the female (F) locus that enhances female sex expression in cucumber SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; 2 GENES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MULTIGENE FAMILY; FLOWERING PLANTS; AUXIN; TOMATO; SATIVUS; CLONING AB Sex determination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is controlled largely by three genes: F, m, and a. The F and m loci interact to produce monoecious (M_f_) or gynoecious (M_F_) sex phenotypes. Ethylene and factors that induce ethylene biosynthesis, such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) and auxin, also enhance female sex expression. A genomic sequence (CS-ACS1) encoding ACC synthase was amplified from genomic DNA by a polymerase chain reaction using degenerate oligonucleotide primers. Expression of CS-ACS1 is induced by auxin, but not by ACC, in wounded and intact shoot apices. Southern blot hybridization analysis of near-isogenic gynoecious (MMFF) and monoecious (MMff) lines derived from diverse genetic backgrounds revealed the existence of an additional ACC synthase (CS-ACS1G) genomic sequence in the gynoecious lines. Sex phenotype analysis of a segregating F-2 population detected a 100% correlation between the CS-ACS1G marker and the presence of the F locus. The CS-ACS1G gene is located in linkage group B coincident with the F locus, and in the population tested there was no recombination between the CS-ACS1G gene and the F locus. Collectively, these data suggest that CS-ACS1G is closely linked to the F locus and may play a pivotal role in the determination of sex in cucumber flowers. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL SCI,PLANT BIOL SECT,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 50 TC 113 Z9 149 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 113 IS 3 BP 987 EP 995 DI 10.1104/pp.113.3.987 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WN068 UT WOS:A1997WN06800037 PM 9085580 ER PT J AU Dupoldt, C AF Dupoldt, C TI Localized storm water management: Beyond the borders SO POLLUTION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP Dupoldt, C (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI HIGHLANDS RANCH PA 8773 S RIDGELINE BLVD, HIGHLANDS RANCH, CO 80126-2329 SN 0032-3640 J9 POLLUT ENG JI Pollut. Eng. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 29 IS 3 BP 58 EP 59 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM601 UT WOS:A1997WM60100012 ER PT J AU Wang, CY Qi, L AF Wang, CY Qi, L TI Modified atmosphere packaging alleviates chilling injury in cucumbers SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chilling injury; cucumbers; Cucumis sativus; packaging ID ZUCCHINI SQUASH; POLYAMINES AB Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) packaged in perforated or sealed 31.75 mu m (1.25 mil) low density polyethylene (LDPE) bags were found to have less severe chilling injury than nonwrapped fruit in storage at 5 degrees C and 90-95% relative humidity. The onset of chilling injury was also delayed by the LDPE packaging compared to the nonpackaged control. The concentrations of CO2 increased to 3% while O-2 levels decreased to 16% in the sealed bags. Fruit in the sealed bags had the least decay. The O-2 and CO2 concentrations inside the perforated bags changed very little from the ambient atmosphere. However, there was a marked difference in the weight loss between nonwrapped cucumbers and fruit from perforated or sealed bags. The weight loss of nonwrapped fruit reached 9% in 18 days while perforated and sealed samples lost less than 1% during the same period. Chilling stress induced increases in putrescine levels in all treatments but the sealed fruit had the highest levels of putrescine. Sealed fruit and perforated fruit also had higher content of spermidine than non-wrapped fruit. These high levels of polyamines may have contributed to the increase of chilling tolerance in fruit from perforated and sealed packages. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA, HORT CROPS QUAL LAB, BARC W, BLDG 002, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 3 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(97)01405-1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WX953 UT WOS:A1997WX95300002 ER PT J AU Rath, NC Huff, WE Balog, JM Bayyari, GR Reddy, RP AF Rath, NC Huff, WE Balog, JM Bayyari, GR Reddy, RP TI Matrix metalloproteinase activities in avian tibial dyschondroplasia SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tibial dyschondroplasia; matrix metalloproteinase; conditioned media; glycosaminoglycans; collagen ID INTERSTITIAL COLLAGENASE; CHONDROCYTES; DEGRADATION; GELATINASE; EXPRESSION; INHIBITORS; SECRETION; CULTURE; CELLS AB Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in poultry is a disorder of growth plate cartilage that fails to resorb and consequently prevents bone formation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) contribute to the process of resorption through the degradation of extracellular matrices and facilitating vascularization, growth plate remodeling, and maturation. In order to understand the cause of the failure of cartilage degradation in TD, the gelatinase and collagenase activities, and the levels of collagen and glycosaminoglycans of conditioned media derived from cartilage-explant cultures of normal and TD growth plates were measured. Substrate zymography exhibited two prominent gelatinolytic and collagenolytic bands corresponding to MW 63, 59, and a broad but fuzzy band of activity between 100 and 200 kDa. On treatment with 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate, a compound that converts proenzyme forms of MMP, the 63 kDa MW gelatinolytic band migrated as a similar to 60 kDa band and contributed to the broadening of the 59 kDa band. The TD-growth plate-conditioned media had significantly lower collagenolytic-gelatinolytic activities. The sulfated glycosaminoglycans, but not the collagen contents of the conditioned media from TD-explant cultures, were also reduced significantly. It is likely that the decreased matrix metalloproteinase activities of growth plate chondrocyte may contribute to a reduced turnover of extracellular matrices (ECM), leading to the retention of cartilage and its lack of vascularity in TD-affected growth plates. C1 PETERSON FARMS INC,DECATUR,AR 72722. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 76 IS 3 BP 501 EP 505 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WM410 UT WOS:A1997WM41000013 PM 9068051 ER PT J AU Kannan, G Heath, JL Wabeck, CJ Souza, MCP Howe, JC Mench, JA AF Kannan, G Heath, JL Wabeck, CJ Souza, MCP Howe, JC Mench, JA TI Effects of crating and transport on stress and meat quality characteristics in broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE livehaul; broiler; stress; meat quality ID SLAUGHTER; MUSCLE; PLASMA AB Experiments were conducted to determine 1) whether different crating durations influence stress responses and meat quality in broilers, and 2) whether holding crated broilers after transport influences corticosterone (CORT) levels and meat quality. In a preliminary experiment, male broilers (n = 50) were held in crates (10 birds per crate) for either 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 h prior to processing. Crating duration did not affect plasma CORT level, cooking loss, shear value of breast or thigh muscles, or carcass skin discolorations. Crating duration also did not affect the color (L*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue angle) of breast meat, but did change the color of thigh meat, with samples from the 3 h crating group having the highest hue values (P < 0.01). Corticosterone concentrations and hue values of thigh samples were positively correlated (P < 0.05, r = 0.244). In Experiment 1, broilers (n = 36) were crated for either 1 or 3 h, with 9 birds per crate. Crating time did not influence plasma CORT, epinephrine, or norepinephrine concentrations, initial pH, color, or texture of breast and thigh meat samples. in Experiment 2, broilers were crated (nine birds per crate) early in the morning and transported 3 h to the processing facility by truck. Nine crates of birds were held in a dark quiet place for 4 h prior to processing (H) and the remaining nine crates were processed immediately (NH). Corticosterone levels were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the H group than in the NH group. Initial pH of thigh meat of the H group was also significantly lower (P < 0.01), although breast meat pH was not affected by treatment. Holding had no effect on shear values, color (breast and thigh), or total heme concentration (thigh). There was a significant correlation (P < 0.01, r = 0.302) between CORT levels and hue values of thigh meat. These results suggest that higher preslaughter stress levels in broilers could influence the color of thigh meat, although overall meat quality was not affected under the conditions of this study. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 76 IS 3 BP 523 EP 529 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WM410 UT WOS:A1997WM41000017 PM 9068055 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Cason, JA Fletcher, DL Stern, NJ Cox, NA Bailey, JS AF Musgrove, MT Cason, JA Fletcher, DL Stern, NJ Cox, NA Bailey, JS TI Effect of cloacal plugging on microbial recovery from partially processed broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; enteric bacteria; broiler; contamination; processing ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; PREVALENCE; CONTAMINATION; CARCASSES; PRODUCTS; CHICKENS; SURVIVAL; ORIGIN; PLANTS; LEVEL AB Experiments were performed to test the contribution of bacteria contained in the intestinal tract of broilers at the beginning of processing to counts on the exterior of modified New York-dressed carcasses. Thirty-two birds were processed for each of seven replications. Within each replication, batches of four birds were electrocuted, scalded, and picked, with batches alternating between treatment and control groups. Treated birds were cloacally plugged with rayon fiber tampons prior to electrocution to prevent escape of intestinal contents during scalding and picking. Control birds were processed in the same manner, except that cloacal plugs were inserted immediately after defeathering to reduce escape of intestinal contents during sampling. Gram-negative enteric bacteria and Campylobacter spp. were enumerated on carcasses by whole carcass rinse procedure and in cecal contents. Counts were converted to log(10) and subjected to analysis of variance. Cecal levels of Gram-negative enterics were significantly higher for plugged birds, but there was not a significant difference between levels of cecal Campylobacter spp. between treatment groups. Plugging before electrocution resulted in significantly lower levels (2.5 vs 3.0 log(10) cfu/ml) of Campylobacter spp. and Gram-negative enteric bacteria (3.0 vs 3.4 log(10) cfu/ml) in carcass rinses of treatment birds than in those of controls. All carcasses were positive for Gram-negative enterics. Cloacal plugging resulted in significantly lower incidence of Campylobacter spy. carcass contamination as determined by chi-square. Intestinal carriage of both campylobacters and Gram-negative enteric bacteria appears to influence the microbial quality of the carcass during processing. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30604. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 76 IS 3 BP 530 EP 533 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WM410 UT WOS:A1997WM41000018 PM 9068056 ER PT J AU BriskeAnderson, MJ Finley, JW Newman, SM AF BriskeAnderson, MJ Finley, JW Newman, SM TI The influence of culture time and passage number on the morphological and physiological development of Caco-2 cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LINE CACO-2; BASOLATERAL MEMBRANES; ZINC UPTAKE; TRANSPORT; MODEL; MONOLAYERS; ABSORPTION; DRUGS; COLON AB The Caco-2 cell line is used by many investigators as a model of the intestinal epithelium to study nutrient uptake and transport. Our goal was to create an awareness of inherent variabilities in the Caco-2 cell line which may influence their suitability as a model or their application to specific problems. To study the influence of passage on the model, cultures were monitored from passage 20 to 109. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and sucrase activity (measured in 21-day-old cultures) increased through about passage 36. TEER values declined after about passage 60; sucrase remained elevated but variable. cells at passage 22, 33, and 72 were grown simultaneously for 24 days. Older-passaged cells reached plateau phase sooner. Before Day 15, passage 72 cells had higher TEER and lower permeability to C-14-mannitol than passages 22 and 33; however, after Day 15 all passages showed similar permeability. On Day 21, passage 72 cells had significantly lower alkaline phosphatase activity than did the other passages. Electron microscopy did not reveal any major morphological differences between the passages; however, it did show that some areas of cells grown on membranes were not monolayers but were several cells thick with varied morphology. Investigation of the formation of these multilayered areas showed them to be an inherent part of cell growth under the conditions used. These results emphasize the inherent variability in Caco-2 cell models and emphasize the need to monitor closely the culture characteristics during growth and differentiation under specific experimental conditions. RP BriskeAnderson, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB BOX 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 31 TC 129 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 214 IS 3 BP 248 EP 257 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA WP948 UT WOS:A1997WP94800008 PM 9083258 ER PT J AU Weiner, A Berg, C Gerlach, T Grunblatt, J Holbrook, K Kuwada, M AF Weiner, A Berg, C Gerlach, T Grunblatt, J Holbrook, K Kuwada, M TI The Exxon Valdez oil spill: Habitat protection as a restoration strategy SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITERIA AB Habitat protection is a major component of the Exxon Valdez oil spill restoration process. The acquisition of private lands, or partial interests Ln private lands, is intended to promote natural recovery of spill-injured resources and services by removing the threat of additional development impacts, The Comprehensive Habitat Protection Process is the method that was designed to achieve this objective. Over one million acres within the oil spill affected area were evaluated, scored, and ranked by a multi-criteria evaluation process. Initially, lands were divided into large parcels encompassing entire bays and watersheds. Criteria were then used to assess the habitat and human-use values associated with each parcel and the protection benefit that acquisition would provide for 19 injured resources rand services. This process has been the basis for the acquisition of 41,549 acres of land an Afognak Island and 23,800 acres on the Kenai Peninsula and for agreements that if consummated, will result in the accquisition of fee or lesser rights an over a half million acres of land ira:he Kodiak Archipelago, on the Kenai Peninsula, and in Prince William Sound. All of these lands or rights, if acquired, will be incorporated into parks or refuges or otherwise managed in a manner that will facilitate the recovery of the resources and services injured by the oil spill. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. US FOREST SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME,ANCHORAGE,AK 99518. RP Weiner, A (reprint author), DEPT NAT RESOURCES,3601 C ST,SUITE 1210,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 5 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09705.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WP943 UT WOS:A1997WP94300005 ER PT J AU Santamour, FS Ware, GH AF Santamour, FS Ware, GH TI Chromosome numbers of new Ulmus (elm) taxa introduced from China SO RHODORA LA English DT Article DE cytology; cytotaxonomy AB Diploid chromosome counts (2x = 2n = 28) are reported for the first time in 12 elm taxa newly introduced into the United States from China. These are Ulmus bergmanniana U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla, U. castaneifolia, U. changii, U. chenmoui, U. elongata, U. gaussenii, U. glaucescens, U. lamellosa, U. lanceaefolia, U. szechuanica, and U. taihangshanensis. RP Santamour, FS (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,US NATL ARBORETUM,USDA,3501 NEW YORK AVE NE,WASHINGTON,DC 20002, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB INC PI LAWRENCE PA P.O. BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0035-4902 J9 RHODORA JI Rhodora PD SPR PY 1997 VL 99 IS 898 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YH844 UT WOS:A1997YH84400004 ER PT J AU Johnson, CY Horan, PM Pepper, W AF Johnson, CY Horan, PM Pepper, W TI Race, rural residence, and wildland visitation: Examining the influence of sociocultural meaning SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECREATION; WHITES; BLACKS; ETHNICITY; IDENTITY; PLACE AB Previous studies have shown that African Americans have less favorable impressions about wildlands and recreate on wildland areas less frequently than do whites. However, most of these investigations have been conducted on non-rural populations. Rural perceptions of wildlands and visitation to such areas have received relatively little attention. In this exploratory study, we propose that race operates on wildland recreation visitation through the different meanings rural blacks and whites attribute to wildlands. We examine this hypothesis with a structural model which specifies wildland meaning as an intervening factor between race and visitation. Single equation results show blacks visit wildlands less, and have less favorable definitions of wildlands, compared to whites. However, when wildland meaning is included in the structural model, racial differences become insignificant. This suggests that the meanings different racial groups attach to wildlands help explain visitation. Both sex and age are also significant predictors of both wildland meaning and visitation. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, INST BEHAV RES, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RP Johnson, CY (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, 320 GREEN ST, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 75 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 62 IS 1 BP 89 EP 110 PG 22 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA XG042 UT WOS:A1997XG04200005 ER PT J AU Park, YW Rizk, LG Johnson, BM Richards, F Kubena, LF AF Park, YW Rizk, LG Johnson, BM Richards, F Kubena, LF TI Effects of intramammary infusion of cloxacillin on profiles of serum biochemical parameters in dry and lactating dairy goats SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cloxacillin; intramammary infusion; dairy goats; serum biochemistry; drug response; blood; urea; nitrogen ID RESIDUES; MASTITIS; MILK AB Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of cloxacillin administration, a semi-synthetic antibiotic resistant to penicillinase, on changes in serum biochemical indices of dry and lactating dairy goats. In Experiment 1, 18 healthy dry French-Alpine does, 3 to 5 years old, weighing 52-62 kg, were randomly assigned to a control(six) or antibiotic treated (12) group. In Experiment 2, nine healthy lactating French-Alpine does with the same body conditions were randomly assigned to the control (four) and the treated (five) groups. For drug treatments, dry goats received an intramammary infusion of 1000 mg cloxacillin benzathine via a single dose of 500 mg to each teat, and milking goats received 1200 mg sodium cloxacillin via three dosages of 200 mg to each teat. Blood samples were taken by jugular venipuncture at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days post-treatment. Results showed that two main effects (drug treatment and sampling period) for dry goats were significant (P < 0.01) for all tested parameters except for inorganic phosphorus (P). Main effects for lactating goats were significant only for total protein (PRO), albumin (ALE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Cloxacillin administration had a greater influence on serum chemical parameters in,dry goats than in milking goats. Levels of ALE, creatine (CRT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (SGGT) in dry goats were greatest at 2.5 day post-infusion, while those of PRO, ALE, P and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) in lactating goats were highest at 6 h post-treatment. Correlation coefficients (r) between levels of tested parameters and serum PRO were significant (P < 0.05 or 0.01) except for SGPT and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) in dry treated goats, whereas blood glucose displayed poor correlation with most parameters, especially in controls of both dry and lactating goats. The dosage levels of cloxacillin used in this study showed no detrimental effects on healthy dry and milking goats. The drug may be applicable to dairy goat production. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ANIM HLTH RES INST,CAIRO,EGYPT. USDA ARS,FOOD FEED SAFETY RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP Park, YW (reprint author), PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COOPERAT AGR RES CTR,POB 4079,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(96)00917-0 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XD058 UT WOS:A1997XD05800005 ER PT J AU Ellefson, PV Cheng, AS Moulton, RJ AF Ellefson, PV Cheng, AS Moulton, RJ TI Regulatory programs and private forestry: State government actions to direct the use and management of forest ecosystems SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE forestry practices; private landowners; regulatory programs; state government AB Implemented in the context of a long history of intense public debate, forestry practices applied on private forestland are regulated in some form by 38 states. State regulatory activities can involve many agencies implementing numerous regulatory laws or a single forestry agency administering a comprehensive regulatory program. Regulatory programs are designed to protect resources such as soils, water, wildlife, and scenic beauty. Program administration often involves rule promulgation, harvest plan reviews, coordination of interagency reviews, and pre- and postharvest on-site inspections. Forest practice rules usually focus on reforestation, forest roads, harvest procedures, and wildlife habitat protection. Emerging regulatory trends include growth of state and local regulation, use of contingent regulations, specification of forest practice standards in law, collaborative program implementation, conflicting multigovernment regulatory authority, inflexible rules limiting adoption of new technology, legalization of administration processes, constitutional consistences, and government and private sector costs. C1 AMER FORESTS,FOREST POLICY CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP Ellefson, PV (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,115 GREEN HALL,1530 N CLEVELAND AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. RI Cheng, Antony/N-9538-2015 OI Cheng, Antony/0000-0002-0977-0381 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 195 EP 209 DI 10.1080/08941929709381018 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA WT976 UT WOS:A1997WT97600005 ER PT J AU Wood, HB Olivier, KL James, SW AF Wood, HB Olivier, KL James, SW TI Relict Megascolecidae and exclusion of lumbricidae from basalt-derived soils in southern California SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE 5) CY JUL 05-09, 1994 CL COLUMBUS, OH AB Estimates of the composition and density of earthworm species were made from nine basalt-derived soil (BDS) areas and from surrounding non-basalt-derived soils (NBS) in southern California. Soils from selected sites were analysed for various chemical constituents. Eight BDS and a few of the NBS sites contained Diplocardia californiana James (Megascolecidae), a species widespread throughout southern California. D. woodi James, a relict species, was collected from only two of the BDS sites. Despite their common occurrence in the area, Lumbricidae were absent from the BDS sites, implying that some soil factors may be involved in their exclusion. Total soil iron content was about four times higher in the BDSs than in the NBSs. No other soil constituent measured showed as much difference. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. MAHARISHI INT UNIV,FAIRFIELD,IA 52557. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(96)00089-2 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XE842 UT WOS:A1997XE84200007 ER PT J AU Steinberg, DA Pouyat, RV Parmelee, RW Groffman, PM AF Steinberg, DA Pouyat, RV Parmelee, RW Groffman, PM TI Earthworm abundance and nitrogen mineralization rates along an urban-rural land use gradient SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE 5) CY JUL 05-09, 1994 CL COLUMBUS, OH ID FOREST AB Preliminary observations of glaciated regions in North America suggest that forest stands associated with urban areas may support high populations of non-native species of earthworms relative to forests in rural areas. Moreover, the presence of these non-native species of worms may be moderating the effects of pollutant deposition on litter quality, or the decomposability of litter, and subsequently nutrient cycling processes in the urban stands. In this study we quantified earthworm abundance and biomass in urban and rural oak forest stands along a 130 x 20 km urban-rural transect in New York City, USA metropolitan area. We also evaluated the effects of earthworms on potential net N mineralization and nitrification in a laboratory microcosm study. Earthworm abundance and biomass along the transect was significantly higher in urban (25.1 individuals m(-2) and 2.16 g m(-2)) than in rural (2.1 individuals m(-2) and 0.05 g m(-2)) stands. In a microcosm study, potential net N mineralization rates (0.15 mg N kg(-1) d(-1)) were significantly higher in urban soil with earthworms than in urban soil without earthworms, which exhibited a net immobilization of N. Rural soil with earthworms had significantly higher rates (0.57 mg N kg(-1) d(-1)) than urban soil with earthworms and rural soil without earthworms (0.28 mg N kg(-1) d(-1)). Nitrification rates in urban soils were surprisingly high given the relatively low litter quality and rates of N mineralization in these soils. The results suggest that earthworms may play an important role in forest ecosystems embedded within urban areas by enhancing nitrogen cycling processes and thereby compensating for the effects of air pollution on litter quality and decomposition. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 INST ECOSYST STUDIES,USDA,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MILLBROOK,NY 12545. INST ECOSYST STUDIES,MARY FLAGLER CARY ARBORETUM,MILLBROOK,NY 12545. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 13 TC 70 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 427 EP 430 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(96)00043-0 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XE842 UT WOS:A1997XE84200038 ER PT J AU Willoughby, GL Kladivko, EJ Savabi, MR AF Willoughby, GL Kladivko, EJ Savabi, MR TI Seasonal variations in infiltration rate under no-till and conventional (disk) tillage systems as affected by Lumbricus terrestris activity SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE 5) CY JUL 05-09, 1994 CL COLUMBUS, OH ID SOIL AB Lumbricus terrestris activity can improve water how into soils, but the effects of L, terrestris (nightcrawlers) on infiltration and runoff rates throughout the growing season have not been quantified. Our objective was to quantify and describe the effects of L. terrestris on infiltration rates under an established no-till and a disk tillage system on a silt loam Alfisol (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquollic Hapludalf) in west central Indiana. Under each tillage practice there were areas within the field that had L. terrestris activity and other areas that had no activity as indicated by the presence or absence, respectively, of middens. Infiltration was measured using a portable sprinkling infiltrometer which delivered 7 cm of water h(-1) to a 1.4 m(2) area. Infiltration was measured five times during the growing season, for the disk tillage treatment: (1) before any spring field work began; (2) immediately after tillage but before planting; (3) immediately after planting; (4) 3 weeks after planting; and (5) after harvest. For no-till treatments, the measurement times were the same as times 1, 3, 4, and 5 of the tilled site. Results showed that in early spring before any tillage was performed, the tilled treatment without middens had the highest infiltration rate and the tilled treatment with middens had the lowest. Immediately after planting and 3 weeks after planting, no-till with middens had the highest infiltration rates, but disk tillage treatments had the lowest infiltration rates. Measurements after harvest showed that no-till with middens again had the highest infiltration rates. The presence of L. terrestris, as indicated by the presence of middens, appears to have increased infiltration rates in a no-till system on this soil. In the disk system, however, the activity of L, terrestris and the presence of their middens apparently was not persistent enough to affect infiltration rates, and the amount of surface residue cover may be a more important factor in this system. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Willoughby, GL (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,1150 LILLY HALL LIFE SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 481 EP 484 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(96)00039-9 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XE842 UT WOS:A1997XE84200045 ER PT J AU Kladivko, EJ Akhouri, NM Weesies, G AF Kladivko, EJ Akhouri, NM Weesies, G TI Earthworm populations and species distributions under no-till and conventional tillage in Indiana and Illinois SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE 5) CY JUL 05-09, 1994 CL COLUMBUS, OH AB Earthworms often play an important role in maintaining or improving soil physical conditions, and earthworm populations often increase under reduced tillage systems. The objective of our study was to determine earthworm populations and species distributions under long-term no-till vs conventional tillage on a variety of soil types in the states of Indiana and Illinois, U.S.A. Fourteen paired sites were located on farmers' fields. Each paired site consisted of a no-till and conventional tillage field on the same soil type, located as close together as possible. Fields were in corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max) rotation, and earthworm counts were made in the spring following a soybean crop. Populations of shallow-dwelling earthworms (endogees) ranged from 2 to 343 earthworms per m(-2). Of the 14 paired sites, eight sites had higher earthworm populations in no-till than conventional, four sites had roughly equal populations in both systems, and two sites had slightly lower populations in no-till than conventional. At most sites, shallow-dwelling species were dominated by Apporectodea tuberculata and A. trapezoides. Some of the sites also had significant populations of Lumbricus rubellus. The presence or absence of significant L. terrestris populations was noted by observing middens. Nine no-till and three conventional sites showed significant activity of L. terrestris. Implications for tillage management and the need for additional applied research are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA,SCS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Kladivko, EJ (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,1150 LILLY HALL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 3 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 613 EP 615 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(96)00187-3 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XE842 UT WOS:A1997XE84200068 ER PT J AU Ajwa, HA Tabatabai, MA AF Ajwa, HA Tabatabai, MA TI Metal-induced sulfate adsorption by soils .3. Application of Langmuir equations SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION; SORPTION; ISOTHERMS AB The one- and two-surface Langmuir equations were evaluated in studies of the effect of metal type, valence, and concentration on SO42- adsorption by four diverse soils, two from Iowa (dominated by permanent charge) and one each from Chile and Costa Rica (two highly weathered soils with variable charge). The adsorption parameters, X(m) and k, calculated using the ''one-surface'' Langmuir equation, showed that SO42- adsorption by the soils in the presence of trivalent metals was relatively higher than in the presence of mono- or divalent metals. When SO42- and metal were added at equivalent concentrations, the X(m) values varied from 14.9 mmol(c)kg(-1) for Rathbun soil when Cs+ was the metal ion to 303 mmol(c)kg(-1) for Osorno soil when In3+ was the metal ion. The corresponding k values were 0.109 and 0.040, respectively. The X(m) values for SO42- adsorption by the soils when the metals were added at a constant concentration (12.0 mmol(c)L(-1)) were, in general, less than those when SO42- and its metal ion were added at equivalent concentrations. At the constant initial metal concentration, the X(m) values ranged from 10.0 mmol(c)kg(-1) for Rathbun soil when K+ or Cs+ was the metal ion to 93.7 mmol(c)kg(-1) for Osorno soil when In3+ was the metal ion. The corresponding k values were 0.163 (K+), 0.224 (Cs+), and 1.28 (In3+). The calculated parameters (X(m1), k(1), X(m2), and k(2)) of the ''two-surface'' Langmuir equation for the SO42- adsorption data of the two Iowa soils with predominant permanent charge showed that this equation gave one line instead of two when SO42- and metals were added at equivalent concentrations, suggesting that, in the range of SO42- concentration used, one type of adsorption site or mechanism was involved. The two-surface Langmuir equation adequately described SO42- adsorption data when the initial metal concentration was constant. The estimated adsorption maximum (X(m1) + X(m2)) values by the ''two-surface'' Langmuir equation were always greater than those estimated by the ''one-surface'' Langmuir equation when the metal ions were added at a constant concentration. For all the SO42- adsorption data, two bonding constants were found, suggesting the presence of two different adsorption sites or different mechanisms, each with a different bonding energy. The results provide evidence that SO42- adsorption by soils is caused by more than one mechanism and that the associated metal ion significantly affects SO42- adsorption, regardless of the mechanism involved. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. ARS,USDA,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 162 IS 3 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1097/00010694-199703000-00002 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WP077 UT WOS:A1997WP07700002 ER PT J AU Saleh, A Fryear, DW Bilbro, JD AF Saleh, A Fryear, DW Bilbro, JD TI Aerodynamic roughness prediction from soil surface roughness measurement SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RIDGES AB Knowledge of aerodynamic roughness (Z(o)) and displacement height (D) are essential to describe wind profiles and ultimately to estimate wind erosion, Equations were developed to predict Z(o) and D from soil surface roughness (ridges and aggregates) measurements. Surface roughness elevations were measured by a microrelief pin roughness meter and were used to calculate Weibull scale coefficient (B) and displacement height (D). Surface random roughness was remeasured using the chain method (C-rr). Aerodynamic roughness (Z(o)) was measured from wind velocity profiles. As soil roughness increased Z(o) and D increased. Predictive equations (R(2) greater than or equal to 0.85, P < 0.001) were obtained by regressing the Z(o) or D on: (i) B coefficient, (ii) B coefficient at parallel direction (B-par) and ridge roughness factor K-r (4*(ridge spacing(2)/ridge height)), and (iii) C-rr and K-r. Predicted Z(o) using soil roughness inputs matched measured Z(o) from wind profiles reported in the literature reasonably well (R(2) = 0.98, P < 0.001). RP Saleh, A (reprint author), USDA,WIND EROS MANAGEMENT UNIT,POB 909,BIG SPRING,TX 79721, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 162 IS 3 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1097/00010694-199703000-00006 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WP077 UT WOS:A1997WP07700006 ER PT J AU Ju, SH Kung, KJS Helling, CS AF Ju, SH Kung, KJS Helling, CS TI Simulating impact of funnel flow on contaminant sampling SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SANDY VADOSE ZONE; POROUS CERAMIC CUPS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; FIELD SOIL; WATER; TRANSPORT; PESTICIDES; MECHANISM; MOVEMENT; CHLORIDE AB Soil-solution sampling methods developed more than 50 yr ago are still routinely used to monitor the fate of contaminants in unsaturated soils. The measured results, expressed as a function of depth or time, are called breakthrough curves (BTC). In this paper, ETC from limited samples are called SBTC, while ABTC are the ETC from the entire soil profile and MBTC are mass-flux-based BTC. Conventionally, assumptions have been that: (i) ABTC and MBTC are identical; and (ii) SBTC would accurately indicate MBTC when enough samples are collected. In soil with preferential flow paths, such assumptions may be invalid. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine whether increasing the total number of samples would make SBTC an accurate indicator of contaminant loading; (ii) determine whether ABTC and MBTC are identical; and (iii) explore how to obtain representative MBTC with only a limited number of samples, Numerical simulations were conducted in three sets of four, two-dimensional hypothetical profiles with inclined layers that could trigger funnel-type preferential Bow paths. Soil-solution samplers at four different spacings were placed at four depths in each profile. Simulated results indicate that ABTC always significantly underestimate MBTC. By increasing the total number of randomly located samples, SBTC will never accurately indicate MBTC. The SBTC could be modified to better estimate MBTC when preferential weight is assigned according to the local water flux. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT SOIL SCI, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT AGR ENGN, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, WEED SCI LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 427 EP 435 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WW564 UT WOS:A1997WW56400009 ER PT J AU Celis, R Cornejo, J Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC AF Celis, R Cornejo, J Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC TI Sorption-desorption of atrazine and simazine by model soil colloidal components SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMMERCIAL HUMIC ACIDS; CLAY-MINERALS; ADSORPTION; HERBICIDES; SMECTITES; FRACTIONS; TRIAZINE; WATER AB Sorption-desorption of atrazine and simazine on montmorillonite, ferrihydrite, and humic acid was determined using the batch equilibration procedure. Sorption of atrazine and simazine was higher on humic acid than on montmorillonite. Ferrihydrite does not sorb triazine herbicides. Enhanced sorption of atrazine and simazine on montmorillonite was measured after increasing the surface acidity of the clay. Results indicate sorption of s-triazine herbicides on montmorillonite as protonated species must be preceded by sorption as molecular species on hydrophobic microsites of the clay unless the pH of the bulk solution is close to the pK(a) of the herbicide. In this latter case, cation exchange would be also operative. Sorption-desorption of atrazine and simazine was more hysteretic for humic acid than for montmorillonite, indicating that these herbicides desorb more difficultly from organic matter than from montmorillonite because of the contribution of hydrophobic interactions with humic acid. It is suggested that, besides organic matter, smectites of low charge density and high surface acidity should increase the retention of s-triazine herbicides in soils. C1 CSIC,INST RECURSOS NAT & AGROBIOL,E-41080 SEVILLE,SPAIN. USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012; OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774; Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495 NR 39 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 436 EP 443 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WW564 UT WOS:A1997WW56400010 ER PT J AU Kolberg, RL Rouppet, B Westfall, DG Peterson, GA AF Kolberg, RL Rouppet, B Westfall, DG Peterson, GA TI Evaluation of an in situ net soil nitrogen mineralization method in dryland agroecosystems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE RESINS; AVAILABILITY; INSITU; FORESTS AB Direct quantitative measurement of soil net N mineralization in agricultural soils under field conditions has not been widely used. A potential method of in situ net N mineralization was investigated in the fallow phase of a 3-yr no-till crop rotation at two sites. Undisturbed soil cores (5 by 15 cm) with anion- and cation-exchange resins (Sybron Ionac ASB-1P and C-249) at the bottom were incubated in situ. Nitrate-N plus NH4+-N extracted from soil was added to extracted amounts from resin bags to determine net N mineralized during each of three incubation periods (3-4 wk each). Total net N mineralization was 33.7 and 26.5 kg N ha(-1) during 84 and 75 d of incubation at Sterling and Stratton, respectively. Relative amounts of resin did not affect N captured but cores placed midway between old corn (Zea Mays L.) rows tended to accumulate more (P > F = 0.13) N than cores placed in rows. This in situ method appears to be a reliable method for measuring net N mineralization in the field; however, variation is large and many observations are required to obtain net N mineralization rates within an acceptable confidence interval. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Kolberg, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,1500 N CENT AVE,SIDNEY,MT 59270, USA. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 504 EP 508 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WW564 UT WOS:A1997WW56400019 ER PT J AU Graham, RC Schoeneberger, PJ Anderson, MA Sternberg, PD Tice, KR AF Graham, RC Schoeneberger, PJ Anderson, MA Sternberg, PD Tice, KR TI Morphology, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity of weathered granitic bedrock and overlying soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SAPROLITE; FOREST; ROCK AB Granitic bedrock, generally weathered several meters deep, is widespread in upland areas of California. Sound management of these areas requires knowledge of the hydraulic properties of both soils and weathered bedrock. The objectives of this research were to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) of weathered granitic bedrock and overlying soils and to relate the measured K-sat to the regolith morphology and porosity. The study sites in the foothills of the San Jacinto Mountains represent common regolith conditions in granitic terrain of southern California: a coarse-loamy Entisol <50 cm thick and a fine-loamy Alfisol approximate to 100 cm thick, both over weathered granitic rock. The underlying bedrock (Cr horizon) at each site has a low clay content (<6%) and is weathered such that chunks of it can be excavated by chopping with a spade and crushed into grains using bare hands. In situ K-sat, measured using constant-head permeameters, was highest (29 cm h(-1)) in the Entisol AC horizon, which also had the greatest macrovoid (>0.1 mm diam.) space (24%), a low clay content (6%), and abundant roots to provide pore continuity. A pedogenic horizon also had the lowest K-sat, with the Alfisol Bt horizon averaging 0.9 cm h(-1). This horizon had 9% macrovoid space and 21% clay. The Cr horizons had intermediate K-sat values (1.4-3.7 cm (h-1)). Low clay contents, joint traces, and macrovoids (7-9%) largely unimpeded by illuvial clay help make weathered granitic bedrock an effective conductor of water under saturated conditions. On a landscape scale, water should percolate readily into regolith on Entisol sites, whereas runoff is more likely on Alfisol sites due to the low K-sat of the Bt horizon. C1 USDA, NRCS, NATL SOIL SURVEY LAB, LINCOLN, NE 68508 USA. RP Graham, RC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 USA. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 516 EP 522 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WW564 UT WOS:A1997WW56400021 ER PT J AU JohnsonMaynard, JL McDaniel, PA Ferguson, DE Falen, AL AF JohnsonMaynard, JL McDaniel, PA Ferguson, DE Falen, AL TI Chemical and mineralogical conversion of andisols following invasion by bracken fern SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIATING HALLOYSITE; USA; KAOLINITE; SOILS AB Andisols support approximate to 200 000 ha of mid-elevation grand fir (Abies grandis [Dougl. ex D.Don] Lindl.) forests in the Pacific Northwest region that are characterized by little or no natural conifer regeneration following removal of the forest canopy. Previous work suggests that the properties of these Andisols have been altered as a result of the establishment of successional communities dominated by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum [L.] Kuhn) in deforested areas. In this study, we compared soil properties in a 30-yr-old bracken fern site (clear-cut in 1965), a natural bracken fern site that is estimated to be centuries old, and an adjacent undisturbed forest in the Clearwater National Forest of northern Idaho. Results indicate that changes in chemical properties have accompanied establishment of successional communities. Mean weighted pH within the ash cap of the 30-yr-old bracken fern site (4.6) is significantly lower than that of the undisturbed forest (5.2). Mean values for Al saturation range from 27% in the undisturbed forest to 52% in the 30-yr-old bracken fern site; organic C is also lower in the undisturbed forest (37 g/kg) than in the 30-yr-old bracken fern site (54 g/kg). The dominant secondary mineralogical component of soils of the undisturbed forest is inorganic, short-range-order Al-Fe minerals, while metal-humus complexes are dominant in the bracken-fern-influenced soils. Data indicate that bracken fern successional communities are responsible for a shift from allophanic to nonallophanic properties in these soils, probably due to increased levels of soil organic C associated with bracken fern and a subsequent increase in formation of Al-humus complexes. Furthermore, such a mineralogical shift may contribute to the observed problems with conifer regeneration. C1 UNIV IDAHO, SOIL SCI DIV, MOSCOW, ID 83844 USA. US FOREST SERV, USDA, INTERMT RES STN, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. RP JohnsonMaynard, JL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 USA. RI McDaniel, Paul/A-8954-2009; Johnson-Maynard, Jodi/E-9518-2013 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 549 EP 555 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WW564 UT WOS:A1997WW56400025 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JA Busacca, AJ Frazier, BE McCool, DK AF Montgomery, JA Busacca, AJ Frazier, BE McCool, DK TI Evaluating soil movement using Cesium-137 and the revised universal soil loss equation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FALLOUT CESIUM-137; EROSION RATE; CS-137; LANDSCAPE; DEPOSITION; REDISTRIBUTION; SASKATCHEWAN; RUSLE AB More complete information is needed on the rates and patterns of soil movement in Palouse watersheds to better guide conservation planning. Water erosion has historically been predicted from rates using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) or the Revised USLE (RUSLE). These equations, however, do not account for deposition or tillage erosion. This study was conducted to assess patterns of soil movement in an open Palouse watershed during a 27-yr period using the Cs-137 tracer technique and to statistically compare transect- and point-based RUSLE soil loss rates with Cs-137-based soil loss rates measured at 74 Cs-137 Sampling points located on 89 landscape profiles. One hundred fifty-eight soil samples were collected from a modified grid pattern and analyzed for Cs-137 activity. Soil movement rates were interpolated at 8025 points in the sample grid using ordinary point kriging. Hillslopes were classified into geometric and geomorphic components. The kriged mean net soil movement rate for the 27-yr period was -3.3 kg m(-2) yr(-1). Doubly convex landscape positions have experienced the most severe erosion, apparently due to tillage erosion. The measured Cs-137 and transect-based RUSLE median soil loss rates were both significantly higher than the point-based RUSLE median; however, no significant difference existed between the transect-based RUSLE and measured Cs-137 median soil loss rates (a = 0.05). Meaningful comparisons between Cs-137 and RUSLE soil loss rates can only be made if a tillage movement rate, history of crop management, and the accuracy of RUSLE relationships and operating files are known. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Montgomery, JA (reprint author), DE PAUL UNIV,ENVIRONM SCI PROGRAM,1036 W BELDEN AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60614, USA. NR 45 TC 38 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 571 EP 579 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WW564 UT WOS:A1997WW56400029 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, RK PraveenKumar Power, JF AF Aggarwal, RK PraveenKumar Power, JF TI Use of crop residue and manure to conserve water and enhance nutrient availability and pearl millet yields in an arid tropical region SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE N-use efficiency; conjunctive use; soil properties; residual N ID NITROGEN AB Crop residues and manures are often used in temperate regions to control soil erosion and maintain soil organic matter. Because crop residues and manures oxidize more rapidly in warmer climates, benefits from use of these materials may not be as evident for tropical as for temperate region agriculture, especially in drier regions where residues are limited. In 1991 and 1992, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of crop residue incorporation in a loamy sand (Typic Camborthid) in Rajasthan, India. Residues of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L) Taub], mung bean [Vigna radiata (L) R. Wilczek], and pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.], and farmyard manure (FYM) were incorporated by disking in October. A pearl miller crop was grown the following Kharif (summer) season with and without fertilizer N. Crop residues increased soil water content at seeding in the order pearl miller > mung bean = farmyard manure > clusterbean. Addition of crop residues and FYM generally enhanced soil fertility status (N and P availability, organic matter, enzyme activity) 10 to 20%, Clusterbean residues and FYM increased pearl miller grain yield 0.1 to 0.2 mg ha(-1), compared with no residue. These treatments also increased straw yields 0.4 to 0.6 mg ha(-1), but mung bean and pearl miller residues increased pearl miller straw only marginally when compared with no residues. Crop residues plus 20 kg fertilizer N ha(-1) provided pearl miller grain yield equivalent to that for 40 kg fertilizer N ha(-1) with no residues, thus effecting a 50% savings of fertilizer N. The use of clusterbean residues or FYM with fertilizer N improved N-use efficiency 20 to 30%. Results indicate that like temperate regions, incorporation of crop residues and FYM in arid tropical soils benefits soil water storage, soil nutrient availability, and crop yield. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. INDIAN COUNCIL AGR RES,CENT ARID ZONE RES INST,JODHPUR 3442003,RAJASTHAN,INDIA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(96)01082-3 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WX480 UT WOS:A1997WX48000004 ER PT J AU Reicosky, DC Dugas, WA Torbert, HA AF Reicosky, DC Dugas, WA Torbert, HA TI Tillage-induced soil carbon dioxide loss from different cropping systems SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tillage; soil carbon; soil nitrogen; soil respiration; soil chamber; canopy chamber ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FLUX; RESPIRATION; CENTURIES; CHAMBER; COVER; CYCLE AB Tillage of soils often decreases soil organic matter content and increases the flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) from soils. Our objectives were (1) to measure short-term, tillage-induced soil CO2 flux from different cropping systems using two instruments, a soil chamber (about 10(-3) m(3)) and a canopy chamber (3.25 m(3)), and (2) to examine the interactions between cumulative short-term soil CO2 flux and soil N transformations. Measurements were made on 6 and 7 May 1994 for three cropping systems (coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), continuously cultivated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and no-till sorghum) that had three different tillage practices (moldboard plow, chisel plow, and untilled as the control) imposed on a vertisol at the Blackland Research Center, Temple, Texas, USA. The soil CO2 flux was calculated from the rate of CO2 concentration increase inside each chamber. Soil inorganic N content (NO2-N, NO3-N, and NH4-N) was measured from soil cores collected immediately preceding tillage and at 8, 24, and 102h thereafter. The CO2 flux over a 24h period measured by both methods was greatest immediately after tillage, but maximum soil chamber fluxes were only about 10% of those measured by the canopy chamber. The large differences between chambers are a concern, and probably were related to the inability of the soil chamber to make a representative measurement for tilled surfaces and to the increased turbulence and possible associated pressure effects inside the canopy chamber. Increased soil surface area under the canopy chamber caused by increased soil surface roughness may also explain observed chamber differences. Fluxes were greatest in the bermudagrass and least in the continuously cultivated sorghum. Fluxes in the moldboard plow treatment were usually the greatest, and fluxes in the untilled treatment were considerably smaller than fluxes from either tillage treatment. For the first 24h after tillage, there was no relationship between cumulative CO, flux and the change of inorganic N. Thus, to the extent that these inorganic N content changes reflect microbial activity, the short-term CO2 flux from tilled soils is controlled more by mass flow processes related to a tillage-induced change in porosity than to immediate microbial activity. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN, BLACKLAND RES CTR, TEMPLE, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES CTR, TEMPLE, TX 76502 USA. RP Reicosky, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB, MORRIS, MN 56267 USA. NR 30 TC 151 Z9 174 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(96)01080-X PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WX480 UT WOS:A1997WX48000008 ER PT J AU Zdruli, P Eswaran, H Almaraz, R Reich, P AF Zdruli, P Eswaran, H Almaraz, R Reich, P TI Developing the prerequisites for sustainable land use in Albania SO SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE land resources; soil degradation; soil resources; Albania AB When Albania emerged from its seclusion in 1991, the scientific community had its first opportunity to interact with its international counterparts. Soil resource assessment was made with systems developed in the early 1950s, laboratory facilities to provide supporting data were poor, and it was recognized that a new assessment was urgently needed. The country faces a major challenge in reforestation and sail conservation against a background of overgrazing by sheep and goats and clearing of trees and scrubs for fuelwood. Even orchard and olive trees were used as fuelwood during the winters of 1990 and 1991. Since then, gully and rill erosion has accelerated on many of the sloping lands. In addition to reforestation and conservation measures to reduce the pressures on the sloping land, it is necessary to enhance productivity on the fertile valley bottom soils where most of the agriculture is confined. In the recent past, grain yields have declined due to reduced fertilizer use (low purchasing capacity), and poor management practices. More recently productivity has slowly improved, but land degradation, particularly erosion, has visibly increased. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service in collaboration with the Land Resources Institute of Albania, initiated work an a new national soil map through collation of existing information and field studies. The land unit for land use planning, evaluation, and general management decisions, is the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA). Each MLRA encompasses geographically associated soils, the majority of which have broadly similar patterns of climate, water resources, and land uses. The MLRAs presented here are based on the soil map of Albania at 1 :200 000 scale. The MLRA information provides an overview of the landscape and natural resources. It can be used to assess land suitability for various crops, opportunities to achieve self sufficiency in food production, selection of areas for both field crops and high value crops for export, and identification of appropriate farming system technologies. Each MLRA will have a set of degradation processes which can be flagged, therefore each of them becomes a unit for decision making with respect to investments in research and mitigating technologies. The task is far from complete. Appropriate databases are needed to support the decisions that are being made at national level. To complement the MLRA and related database, decision support systems are needed for the important task of developing policy options. C1 USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP Zdruli, P (reprint author), INT FERTILIZER DEV CTR,TIRANA,ALBANIA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0266-0032 J9 SOIL USE MANAGE JI Soil Use Manage. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1475-2743.1997.tb00556.x PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XD945 UT WOS:A1997XD94500008 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, DW Raulston, JR AF Spurgeon, DW Raulston, JR TI Adult diets for laboratory rearing of the Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID EOREUMA-LOFTINI LEPIDOPTERA; BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA AB Longevity, oviposition profiles, fecundity, and egg fertility were compared when mated and unmated laboratory-reared adults of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), were supplied water or 10% sucrose solution (w/v), or no diet at all. Male E. loftini survived longest when supplied water; longevity and fecundity of both mated and unmated females were also greatest when moths were provided water. Adult diet did not influence egg fertility. Adult diet influenced longevity of males more than that of females. Longevity of females was further reduced by access to a mate. Fecundity of mated females was greater, and more sensitive to adult diet, than that of unmated females. Impacts of the sucrose diet or absence of a diet on oviposition profiles of mated females were greatest after the second day of oviposition. RP Spurgeon, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP INSECTS PESTS MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WU328 UT WOS:A1997WU32800005 ER PT J AU Elzen, GW AF Elzen, GW TI Changes in resistance to insecticides in tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in Mississippi, 1993-1995 SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS F; FIELD POPULATIONS; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE AB Strains of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), collected in Mississippi in 1993 through 1995 were evaluated in bioassays to four classes of insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. High frequencies of resistance were found to cypermethrin, methomyl, and thiodicarb. Resistance to the organophosphorus insecticide profenofos was found in several strains. Significant resistance to B. thuringiensis Berliner was observed in one strain. Possible synergism of a pyrethroid in combination with the synergist piperonyl butoxide was observed. Imidacloprid, representing a new class of insecticide, was found to have ovicidal and larvacidal activity on H. virescens. Tolerance to imidacloprid was present in a field population resistant to carbamates but not to organophosphorus insecticides, suggesting the possibility of cross-resistance between carbamates and imidacloprid. Resistance to carbamates was clearly present in some populations susceptible to profenofos, indicating the presence of different mechanisms of resistance for the two classes of insecticides. Resistance to pyrethroids appears to be stabilized at a high level. C1 USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WU328 UT WOS:A1997WU32800006 ER PT J AU Zumbado, MA Thompson, FC AF Zumbado, MA Thompson, FC TI New species of Sterphus (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Costa Rica with notes on other species existing in Costa Rica SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA Spanish DT Article AB Sterphus rufoabdominalis and gamezi are described. A new key to the species of Sterphus is given. Distribution notes are given for other Costa Rican species. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Zumbado, MA (reprint author), INST NACL BIODIVERSIDAD,DEPT ENTOMOL,AP 22-3100,SANTO DOMINGO,HEREDIA,COSTA RICA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WU328 UT WOS:A1997WU32800008 ER PT J AU Brown, RE Williamson, JH Boone, DB AF Brown, RE Williamson, JH Boone, DB TI Swallow-tailed kite nesting in Texas: Past and present SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article RP Brown, RE (reprint author), FOREST SERV,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,SO RES STN,USDA,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XE991 UT WOS:A1997XE99100015 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Wiesenborn, DP Grant, LA AF Kim, YS Wiesenborn, DP Grant, LA TI Pasting and thermal properties of potato and bean starches SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; RAPID-VISCO-ANALYZER; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; RETROGRADATION; GELS; GELATINIZATION; TEMPERATURE; AMYLOPECTIN; GENOTYPES; BEHAVIOR AB Starches from potato (Mainechip, ND651-9 and Commercial) and Navy and Pinto bean were isolated and the pasting and thermal properties examined. Analysis by Rapid Visco-Analyzer (RVA) showed potato starches had lower pasting temperatures, higher peak viscosity, and lower setback than bean starches. High intrinsic viscosity values obtained for the potato starch indicated higher average molecular weight for the potato starches compared to the bean starches. Characterization of thermal (gelatinization and retrogradation) properties of starches by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that potato starches had sharp, well-defined gelatinization thermograms, while bean starches had broad, shallow thermograms with higher peak temperature (Tp). Potato starches required higher gelatinization enthalpies than bean starches. In comparison with gelatinization, the retrogradation thermograms of starches stored at three different temperatures (23,4 and -10 degrees C) were broader and occurred at the lower temperatures. Compared to potato starches, Navy and pinto bean starches showed a higher retrogradation enthalpy at 4 and 23 degrees C storage temperatures, but a lower enthalpy at -10 degrees C. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CEREAL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,HARD RED SPRING & DURUM WHEAT QUAL LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 19 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD MAR PY 1997 VL 49 IS 3 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1002/star.19970490304 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WU616 UT WOS:A1997WU61600003 ER PT J AU Wang, LF Shogren, RL Willett, JL AF Wang, LF Shogren, RL Willett, JL TI Preparation of starch succinates by reactive extrusion SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article AB The succinylation of cornstarch by extrusion processing has been studied. Several different factors affecting the succinylation of starch were investigated including water content, succinic anhydride quantity, catalyst type and quantity, and reaction temperature. The degree of substitution (DS) increases with decreasing water content and increasing succinic anhydride quantity. Higher temperature favors higher DS using sodium bicarbonate as catalyst while the opposite is true using magnesium hydroxide as catalyst. Of the three catalysts used, sodium bicarbonate is best. Aqueous solubility and viscosity of the starch succinates tend to increase with increasing DS. Based on the results of aqueous solution viscosity, some samples appear to be promising as commercial thickening agent. RP Wang, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PLANT POLYMER RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD MAR PY 1997 VL 49 IS 3 BP 116 EP 120 DI 10.1002/star.19970490308 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WU616 UT WOS:A1997WU61600007 ER PT J AU Welch, CM Peters, JG AF Welch, CM Peters, JG TI Mixed polycarboxylic acids and mixed catalyst in formaldehyde-free durable press finishing SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE BTCA; catalyst; citric acid; durable press; malic acid ID COTTON AB A comparison of citric acid and 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid (PCA) as durable press finishing agents for cotton fabric shows the alpha-hydroxyl group of citric acid interferes with the effectiveness of this acid as a cellulose crosslinking agent. However, the performance of citric acid can be increased by adding moderate amounts of PCA, BTCA, or maleic acid which do not possess hydroxyl groups. It is hypothesized that these additives esterify alpha-hydroxyl groups of some of the citric acid to yield dimeric, trimeric, and perhaps higher polycarboxylic acids as effective durable press finishing agents. Small amounts of phosphoric acid added to mixed acid formulations in which sodium hypophosphite is the primary curing catalyst, produced a further increase in durable press ratings and laundering life. These findings have proven applicable to finishing with inexpensive dicarboxylic acids such as maleic and malic acids, which previously appeared to give mostly single-ended attachment to cellulose rather than crosslinking. Malic acid finishes have the advantage that they lead to a high degree of fabric whiteness. RP Welch, CM (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 6 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 29 IS 3 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA WN655 UT WOS:A1997WN65500014 ER PT J AU Ruppenicker, GF Sawhney, APS Calamari, TA Harper, RJ AF Ruppenicker, GF Sawhney, APS Calamari, TA Harper, RJ TI Cotton fabrics produced with twistless wrap spun yarns SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Properties of fabrics woven with wrap spun yarns and equivalent ring spun yarns of Upland cotton have been investigated, Experimental wrap spun yarns were made on a modern, special machine, which produces so-called twistless yarns from staple fibers that are held together by a fine multifilament wrap yam. The filament wrap used for the experimental yarns was water soluble polyvinyl alcohol. Ring spun yarns were produced conventionally. Each kind of yam was woven separately as both warp and filling into plain, twill, and sateen fabrics. The water soluble wrap of the wrap spun fabrics was removed during normal wet processing, yielding completely twistless cotton fabrics. The various fabrics were evaluated for their important mechanical properties. Results show that, compared to the ring spun equivalents, the tighter, plain-woven, twistless fabric (of typical average density) fared reasonably well in tensile breaking strength but was slightly weaker in tearing strength; the relatively looser twill and sateen twistless fabrics were significantly weaker in both tensile and tear strengths. Respective fabrics of the two yam types, however, showed no significant difference in abrasion resistance, although the twill and sateen fabrics made with both yarns generally had lower flex abrasion resistance than the corresponding plain fabrics. Twistless fabrics, like their ring spun counterparts, maintained their tensile and tear properties after repeated laundering. RP Ruppenicker, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70124 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 67 IS 3 BP 198 EP 203 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA WJ607 UT WOS:A1997WJ60700007 ER PT J AU Sawhney, APS Kimmel, LB AF Sawhney, APS Kimmel, LB TI Air and ring combination in tandem spinning SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YARN AB With the objective of boosting ring spinning productivity, a new tandem spinning system combining air-jet and ring spinning technologies in continuous tandem is investigated. In this ''air-plus-ring'' tandem spinning system, a drafted roving strand as it emerges from the front roller nip feeds into a single- or dual-jet air nozzle where it is subjected to a vortex of compressed air, producing a pneumatically entangled, false-twisted, partially strengthened strand. This so-called prefabricated, air-bolstered strand continuously feeds into a standard ring spinning zone and is ultimately spun into a novel, single-component yarn. By spinning a few cotton and cotton-blend yarns with the lowest practical twist levels possible on both the tandem and conventional ring spinning systems, we show that a tandem spun yarn can be produced with a relatively lower (true ring) twist level than a pure ring spun yarn. To an extent, the tandem spinning's air-bolstering action reinforces the drafted fibrous strand, contributing to yarn formation and hence character. Since ring spinning productivity is inversely proportional to yam twist level, the relatively lower twist level required in tandem spinning allows a proportionately higher yarn production speed (in some cases, up to 50% faster than the conventional ring spinning), while maintaining spindle speed at the traditional, optimum level imposed by the limiting traveler speed. Tandem spun yarns, however, are somewhat different from, and generally weaker than, conventional ring spun yarns. This paper briefly describes a prototype of the new tandem spinning system developed on a laboratory Spintester, and shows spinning parameters and properties of a few yarns produced on both the tandem and conventional ring spinning systems, each employing the traditional (maximum) optimum spindle speed of 10,000 rpm for a given 5.0 cm (2 inch) diameter ring. RP Sawhney, APS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 67 IS 3 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA WJ607 UT WOS:A1997WJ60700010 ER PT J AU Dweikat, I Ohm, H Patterson, F Cambron, S AF Dweikat, I Ohm, H Patterson, F Cambron, S TI Identification of RAPD markers for 11 Hessian fly resistance genes in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; RAPD; marker-assisted selection; hessian fly ID NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; WINTER-WHEAT; CECIDOMYIIDAE; DIPTERA; PRIMERS AB The pyramiding of genes that confer race- or biotype-specfic resistance has become increasingly attractive as a breeding strategy now that DNA-based marker-assisted selection is feasible. Our objective here was to identify DNA markers closely linked to genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that condition resistance to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)]. We used a set of near-isogenic wheat lines, each carrying a resistance gene at 1 of 11 loci (H3, H5, H6, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H16 or H17) and developed by backcrossing to the Hessian fly-susceptible wheat cultivar 'Newton'. Using genomic DNA of these 11 lines and 'Newton', we have identified 18 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the 11 resistance genes. Seven of these markers were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and the others by agarose gel electrophoresis. We confirmed linkage to the Hessian fly resistance loci by cosegregation analysis in Fz populations of 50-120 plants for each different gene. Several of the DNA markers were used to determine the presence/absence of specific Hessian fly resistance genes in resistant wheat lines that have 1 or possibly multiple genes for resistance. The use of RAPD markers presents a valuable strategy for selection of single and combined Hessian fly resistance genes in wheat improvement. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Dweikat, I (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,1150 LILLY HALL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 16 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 94 IS 3-4 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1007/s001220050431 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA WR395 UT WOS:A1997WR39500018 ER PT J AU Rath, D Johnson, LA Dobrinsky, JR Welch, GR Niemann, H AF Rath, D Johnson, LA Dobrinsky, JR Welch, GR Niemann, H TI Production of piglets preselected for sex following in vitro fertilization with X and Y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa sorted by flow cytometry SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INVITRO FERTILIZATION; SPERM; PORCINE; DNA AB In vivo-matured porcine oocytes were fertilized in vitro with X and Y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa, and sorted for sex on the basis of DNA content by flow cytometry. Developmental competence of the sexed embryos was determined through established pregnancies after embryo transfer. Spermatozoa were stained with Hoechst 33342 and sorted using a flow cytometry cell sorter. Purity of sorting was 83% for Y spermatozoa and 92% for X spermatozoa. A total of 387 mature cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COG) was collected from 18 superovulated prepuberal gilts shortly before ovulation. In vitro fertilization with sorted spermatozoa was performed in 4 replicates. After 18 h of sperm- oocyte co-culture at 39 degrees C, the zygotes were placed into culture medium (NCSU-23) for another 24 h. The average cleavage rate was 56.2%. Ninety-two embryos produced from X-sorted sperm cells were transferred surgically into the uterus of 2 recipients. Two gilts farrowed and delivered 6 and 4 healthy female piglets, respectively. Additionally, 2 gilts were inseminated intratubally via surgical laparotomy with either X or Y sorted spermatozoa (2x10(5)) per oviduct. The 2 sows farrowed producing 15 piglets. Thirteen of the 15 piglets were of the predicted gender (85%). (C) 1997 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Rath, D (reprint author), INST TIERZUCHT & TIERVERHALTEN,FAL,D-31535 NEUSTADT,GERMANY. NR 15 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 4 BP 795 EP 800 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(97)00035-6 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA WN653 UT WOS:A1997WN65300002 PM 16728029 ER PT J AU Booth, SL Charnley, JM Sadowski, JA Saltzman, E Bovill, EG Cushman, M AF Booth, SL Charnley, JM Sadowski, JA Saltzman, E Bovill, EG Cushman, M TI Dietary vitamin K-1 and stability of oral anticoagulation: Proposal of a diet with constant vitamin K-1 content SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article ID WARFARIN RESISTANCE; K CONTENT; PHYLLOQUINONE; THERAPY; NUTRITION; FOOD; ACENOCOUMAROL; MANAGEMENT; METABOLISM AB Case reports cited Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K-1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K-1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K-1 equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K-1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies. C1 UNIV VERMONT,BURLINGTON,VT. STATE VERMONT,DEPT LOCAL HLTH,BURLINGTON,VT. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN K LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 63 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 77 IS 3 BP 504 EP 509 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA WM349 UT WOS:A1997WM34900017 PM 9066002 ER PT J AU Heller, SR AF Heller, SR TI The Beilstein NetFire system SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A new and valuable literature-based database and search system, called NetFire, has recently been made available on the Internet by Beilstein Information Systems [1]. It is the first attempt by Beilstein to provide chemical information outside of their main area of extracted and evaluated data. The existing Title Beilstein system, provided via their Cross-Fire system, is an in-house system which has received wide acceptance since it was introduced about two years ago. NetFire is a very new and different system, and for readers of TrAC, a nice Internet resource. It is yet another example of the innovation of new and modern electronic products which have characterized Beilstein in the few years since the organization is; no longer being funded, in part, by the German Government, but rather must stand on its own. RP Heller, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 112 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0165-9936(97)00002-2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WV219 UT WOS:A1997WV21900009 ER PT J AU Barker, GL Laird, JW AF Barker, GL Laird, JW TI Effect of temperature on the drying rate of gin run cotton seed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE cotton; moisture content; temperature; drying; cotton seed; processing; models ID LINT MOISTURE; REGAIN RATES AB Moisture control during the harvesting, storage, and processing phases of cotton production is essential for producing a quality product. Basic information relating environmental parameters to equilibrium moisture content and the moisture transfer rates for cotton and its component parts will lead to a better understanding of the processes involved and design and control criteria for cotton conditioning equipment. This report depicts the moisture desorption rates for gin run cotton seed. Absorption values are shown for temperatures of 20 and 35 degrees C and desorption values for temperatures ranging from 20 to 130 degrees C (68-266 degrees F). The desorption (drying) moisture data were plotted against time and found to be exponential in nature. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit the value of the coefficients in the theoretical falling rate equation to the experimental data. The desorption (drying) data fit the theoretical falling rare (exponential decay) function reasonably well, especially at temperatures above 100 degrees C. Temperature significantly affected the coefficient containing the diffusivity parameter in the nonlinear equations. A generalized solution of the falling rate equation was developed as a function of absolute temperature, which should be suitable for engineering calculations Results indicate that moisture absorption by cotton seed undergoes two absorption phases. The first absorption phase appears to be physical in nature and approximates the curves of other biological materials. The second phase, which shows an increased moisture absorption rate after a leveling off period, may indicate increased metabolic activity. RP Barker, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CPPRU,RT 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA WZ038 UT WOS:A1997WZ03800001 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Follett, RF Cary, JW AF Hunter, WJ Follett, RF Cary, JW TI Use of vegetable oil to remove nitrate from flowing groundwater SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE denitrification; groundwater; nitrate; nitrite; oil; wastewater; water; water quality ID DENITRIFICATION; WATER; CARBON; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; SOIL AB This study investigated the use of vegetable oil to cleanse nitrate from groundwater: The hypothesis on which the study was based was that oil trapped in the sail matrix would form an immobile organic zone through which water flows; nitrate in the water would be removed as microbial denitrifiers utilized the oil as a carbon source. Laboratory studies show that the procedure has merit. Both corn and soybean oil rapidly stimulated native bacteria to remove nitrate from water in static anaerobic bioreactors. Soybean oil/water mixtures ranging from 0.8 to 12.5% oil in water were tested and all were effective at supporting denitrification. Also, denitrification occurred rapidly at nitrate concentrations up to 2000 ppm NO3-N. In addition to studies with static bioreactors, soil column studies were conducted. Soybean oil injected into 2.5 x 34 cm columns containing aquifer matrix or sand removed nitrate from flowing water Flow rates of Icp to 600 mL/day were successful. Innocuous vegetable oil may provide the basis for a simple and inexpensive method of nitrate removal from contaminated groundwater. C1 BATTELLE NW LABS, RICHLAND, WA USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES UNIT, POB E, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 345 EP 353 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA WZ038 UT WOS:A1997WZ03800007 ER PT J AU Hanson, GJ Robinson, KM Cook, KR AF Hanson, GJ Robinson, KM Cook, KR TI Headcut migration analysis of a compacted soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soil compaction; gullies; headcut; erosion; models ID MODEL AB Predicting headcut migration is a complex problem. The rate of headcut migration is of specific interest for engineers designing earthen spillways and embankments. Headcut migration tests of a compacted soil were conducted in a 1.8-m wide and 29-m long flume with 2.4-m high sidewalls. Three simple physically based headcut migration equations that separately group material-dependent parameters and flow-dependent parameters are used in this study to analyze results of the headcut migration study The purpose of this article is (I) to relate the material-dependent factors of these equations to material property measurements; and (2) to determine the appropriate adjustment algorithm for these material-dependent factors for multiple material layers. RP Hanson, GJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 355 EP 361 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA WZ038 UT WOS:A1997WZ03800008 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RK Lowrance, R AF Hubbard, RK Lowrance, R TI Assessment of forest management effects on nitrate removal by riparian buffer systems SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE forest management; nitrates; water quality; pollution; riparian buffer systems ID DENITRIFICATION; DRAINAGE; NITROGEN; FILTERS; BUDGET; SWAMP AB A study was conducted to determine the impact of different forest management techniques on shallow groundwater quality in coastal plain riparian zones. Considerable past research had shown that riparian zones are effective in removing or assimilating nitrates entering from upslope agricultural fields via shallow lateral flow, bur the impact of different forest management techniques on this process was unknown. The study was conducted at a site near Tifton, Georgia, on a second-order coastal plain stream. The riparian buffer system consisted of a grass buffer a managed forest zone, and a forest zone adjacent to the stream. Three forest treatments were studied: mature forest (MF), clearcut (CC), and selective thinning (ST). Following a nine-month pretreatment period trees were completely or selectively removed from the CC and ST treatments, respectively. Shallow groundwater quality was evaluated in networks of wells on transects extending downslope from the edge of the agricultural field to the stream. Results from the study showed that all three forest management treatments were effective in assimilating nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N). Significant differences in NO3-N concentrations in the shallow groundwater between the three different treatments did not occur The only statistically significant effect that was observed on groundwater quality was under the CC treatment, where solute concentrations (both NO3-N and chloride [Cl]) decreased after the tree cutting. This was attributed to a combination of effects including possible increased NO3-N uptake by rapidly growing vegetation, dilution associated with less evapotranspiration by young vegetation as compared to mature forest, and more throughfall of rainfall under the CC than under the other two treatments. No treatment effects were observed on ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) concentrations. Overall the study showed that regardless of forest management techniques, coastal plain riparian forests are effective in assimilating NO3-N. RP Hubbard, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 383 EP 391 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA WZ038 UT WOS:A1997WZ03800012 ER PT J AU Skulteti, MJ Bender, DA Winistorfer, SG Pollock, DG AF Skulteti, MJ Bender, DA Winistorfer, SG Pollock, DG TI Withdrawal strength of ring-shank nails embedded in Southern Pine lumber SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE nail; withdrawal; ring-shank; threaded; annular AB Ring-shank nails are used extensively in post-frame construction due to their superior performance, yet surprisingly little testing has been done on nail sizes above 12d. Experience in the post-frame industry suggests that published allowable design values for ring-shank nails may be overly conservative and need revision. The goal of the research reported herein was to characterize the withdrawal strength of ring-shank nails embedded in Southern Pine lumber Three sizes of galvanized and ungalvanized (bright) ring-shank nails from two manufacturers were studied. Ring-shank nails had approximately twice the withdrawal resistance of smooth-shank nails of the same diameter Galvanizing slightly reduced withdrawal strength (approximately 8%) due to partial filling of the threads. Nail head pull-through was studied as a possible failure mode. Even allowing for galvanizing and head pull-through, strong evidence is presented for increasing withdrawal design values for ring-shank nails. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TRUSJOIST MACMILLAN,NASHVILLE,TN. CHAMP INT CORP,JACKSONVILLE,AL. FS,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,NJ. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 451 EP 456 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA WZ038 UT WOS:A1997WZ03800019 ER PT J AU Cho, Y Han, YJ Lambert, WE Bragg, CK AF Cho, Y Han, YJ Lambert, WE Bragg, CK TI Characterizing convolutions nn cotton fiber and their effects on fiber strength SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE image analysis; convolution; strength; cotton fiber ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS AB An image analysis procedure was developed to quantify several morphological parameters of convolutions in individual cotton fibers. The image of each fiber was captured by a PC-based color imaging system using a conventional microscope. A modified watershed technique was implemented to identify individual convolutions in a single fiber. Length, area, and perimeter of each convolution segment were measured directly from the image. Average width, shape factor and number of convolution segments were calculated from the measured parameters. The tensile strengths of individual fibers were measured by Mantis(R) Single Fiber Tensile Tester By measuring convolution characteristics of cotton fiber nondestructively the image analysis allowed us to study relationship between convolution characteristics and tensile properties of a single fiber. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,CLEMSON,SC 29634. KOREA FOOD RES INST,SONGNAM SI,SOUTH KOREA. ARS,USDA,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 479 EP 483 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA WZ038 UT WOS:A1997WZ03800022 ER PT J AU Han, S Schneider, SM Rawlins, SL Evans, RG AF Han, S Schneider, SM Rawlins, SL Evans, RG TI A bitmap method for determining effective combine cut width in yield mapping SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE harvest; yield; mapping; GPS; site-specific crop management AB In harvesting narrow row or broadcast crops such as wheat, the actual combine cut width can vary significantly within a field. Assuming a constant combine art width in the whole field to calculate crop yields will give incorrect results. In this study, a bitmap method is developed to determine the effective combine cut width from Global Positioning System (GPS) positions of the combine in the field. The method consists of first initializing a bitmap that represents the pre-harvest crop conditions in the field, and then progressively updating the bitmap to represent the up-to-date crop conditions during the harvest process. The effective combine cut width at each time step is derived by manipulating the changes of the bitmap during that time period. An example application of the method is shown with yield data for 1994 spring wheat. The average cut widths among combine passes varied from 1.18 m to 2.24 m, compared with a desired cut width of 1.52 m. The accuracy of the resulting yield maps was greatly improved by the bitmap method. C1 ARS, USDA, PROSSER, WA USA. RP Han, S (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR, DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN, 24106 N BUNN RD, PROSSER, WA 99350 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 485 EP 490 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA WZ038 UT WOS:A1997WZ03800023 ER PT J AU Singsit, C Adang, MJ Lynch, RE Anderson, WF Wang, AM Cardineau, G OziasAkins, P AF Singsit, C Adang, MJ Lynch, RE Anderson, WF Wang, AM Cardineau, G OziasAkins, P TI Expression of a Bacillus thuringiensis cryIA(c) gene in transgenic peanut plants and its efficacy against lesser cornstalk borer SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; insect resistance; plant transformation; somatic embryogenesis ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L; PROTEIN GENES; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID; CRYSTAL PROTEIN; A-STENOSPERMA; REGENERATION; COTTON; CONTAMINATION; PROTOPLASTS AB The invasion of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pods and seeds by aflatoxin-forming species of Aspergillus is linked to injury by the lesser cornstalk borer and frequently causes a severe reduction in crop quality. The lesser cornstalk borer is susceptible to the lepidopteran-active Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein. We have introduced a codon-modified Bacillus thuringiensis crIA(c) gene into peanut using microprojectile bombardment. The toxin-coding region of a Bt cryIA(c) gene was reconstructed for expression in plants and the resulting 3.4 kb gene cassette (promoter: 1.8 kb coding: 3') was directly cloned into the BglII site of plant transformation vectors. The vectors contained the hph gene, conferring resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin. Somatic embryos initiated from immature peanut cotyledons of two cultivars were used as the target for bombardment. DNA from hygromycin-resistant embryogenic cell lines, regenerated plants, and a progeny plant showed the presence and integration of hph and Bt genes by PCR and/or Southern blot analyses. ELISA immunoassay of the CryIA(c) protein from the hygromycin-selected plants showed the expression of CryIA(c) protein up to 0.18% of total soluble protein, Insect feeding bioassay of transformed plants indicated various levels of resistance to the lesser cornstalk borer, from complete larval mortality to a 66% reduction in larval weight. A negative correlation between percent survival or larval weight and the amount of Bt CryIA(c) protein was recorded indicating in general that the higher the protein level the lower the survival or larval weight of the insect. Based on leaf bioassay, transformation of peanut with vectors containing the Bt cryIA(c) gene may be effective in protecting the peanut plants from damage by lepidopteran insect larvae of lesser cornstalk borer. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT HORT,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. MYCOGEN CORP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1023/A:1018481805928 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WQ054 UT WOS:A1997WQ05400007 PM 9090064 ER PT J AU Palumbo, SA Rajkowski, KT Miller, AJ AF Palumbo, SA Rajkowski, KT Miller, AJ TI Current approaches for reconditioning process water and its use in food manufacturing operations SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; WASTE-WATER; SURVIVAL; SEAWATER; OUTBREAK; GROWTH; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CARCASSES AB Water is perhaps the most critical component in the processing of most food products. Supplies of water that is suitable for use in food processing operations are becoming limited. Three aspects of water as they relate to food processing will be discussed: water as a vehicle for various foodborne disease agents (bacterial, viral and parasitic); an overview of wastewater treatment processes, including the agents used in the final phase to disinfect water; and approaches to reconditioning food plant processing water for reuse within the food processing plant and in other areas of food production. Although the potential for the use of reconditioned water is vast, actual applications are currently very few. RP Palumbo, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0924-2244(97)01014-5 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WQ972 UT WOS:A1997WQ97200001 ER PT J AU Day, CD Irish, VF AF Day, CD Irish, VF TI Cell ablation and the analysis of plant development SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID RICIN-A-CHAIN; DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN; GENETIC ABLATION; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; PATTERNS; DROSOPHILA; PRIMORDIA; NICOTIANA; FERTILITY AB The controlled ablation of cells is an effective technique with which to study and manipulate plant development. Traditional microsurgical techniques have been used to remove plant cells with varying degrees of success, but modern methods using either lasers or genetic ablation are proving to be easier to control. Lasers can be used to remove accessible single cells or small groups of cells, and genetic ablation - employing a tissue-specific promoter to control the expression of a cytotoxic gene - is effective for killing a specific set of cells. Ablation techniques have been instrumental in investigating cell-cell interactions, as well as for more applied research, such as on the control of fertility and disease resistance. C1 YALE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 2 IS 3 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S1360-1385(97)01004-2 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WM128 UT WOS:A1997WM12800007 ER PT J AU Huyler, NK LeDoux, CB AF Huyler, NK LeDoux, CB TI Cycle-time equation for the Koller K300 cable yarder operating on steep slopes in the Northeast SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTHEASTERN RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE cable yarder; cycle time; production; equation AB Describes a delay-free-cycle time equation for the Kelter K300 skyline yarder operating on steep slopes in the Northeast. Using the equation, we estimated the average delay-free-cycle time was 5.72 minutes. This means that about 420 cubic feet of material per hour can be produced. The important variables used in the equation were slope yarding distance, lateral yarding distance, volume per turn, and stem volume. Cable yarding has an advantage of minimizing the impact on environmentally sensitive areas, especially when complying with Best Management Practices (BMP's) and other forest practices regulations. C1 NE Stn, George D Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, Burlington, VT USA. NE Forest Expt Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Huyler, NK (reprint author), NE Stn, George D Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, Burlington, VT USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH EASTERN FOREST EXP STATION PI DELAWARE PA 359 MAIN RD, DELAWARE, OH 43015 USA SN 0502-3491 J9 USDA FOR SERV NE RES JI USDA For. Serv. Northeast. Res. Station Res. Paper PD MAR PY 1997 IS 705 BP COVER1 EP + PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 309PP UT WOS:000086776900001 ER PT J AU Knowles, DP AF Knowles, DP TI Laboratory diagnostic tests for retrovirus infections of small ruminants SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; OVINE LENTIVIRUS; IMMUNODIFFUSION SEROLOGY; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; PROVIRAL DNA; ANTIBODIES AB Small ruminant retroviruses, such as ovine progressive pneumonia virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, cause persistent infections, therefore, serology remains the most efficient method of diagnosis. The biology, genetic and antigenic relatedness, and primary routes of transmission of these lentiviruses are discussed in reference to serologic diagnosis. Also, the use of detection methods, such as PCR, are reviewed for potential use in rigorous eradication programs. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Knowles, DP (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR43718] NR 64 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP & PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WM534 UT WOS:A1997WM53400003 PM 9071743 ER PT J AU Fadly, AM AF Fadly, AM TI Avian retroviruses SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TERMINAL REPEAT PROMOTER; LEUKOSIS-SARCOMA VIRUSES; GROUP-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; C-MYB LOCUS; RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS-VIRUS; CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION; LYMPHOID LEUKOSIS AB Avian leukosis virus (ALV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) are the most common naturally occurring avian retroviruses associated with neoplastic disease conditions in domesticated poultry. Avian leukosis virus infects primarily chickens, whereas REV infects chickens, turkeys, and other avian species. In addition to causing tumors, both ALV and REV can reduce productivity and induce immunosuppression and other production problems in affected flocks. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 71 EP & PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WM534 UT WOS:A1997WM53400007 PM 9071747 ER PT J AU Jakowlew, SB Mathias, A Lillehoj, HS AF Jakowlew, SB Mathias, A Lillehoj, HS TI Transforming growth factor-beta isoforms in the developing chicken intestine and spleen: Increase in transforming growth factor-beta 4 with coccidia infection SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TGF-beta; expression; development; chicken; intestine; spleen; coccidia ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID CLONING; MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; EMBRYO CHONDROCYTES; TGF-BETA; INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; ADULT TISSUES; MOUSE EMBRYO; RNA; CELLS AB Expression of transforming growth factor-betas 2, 3 and 4 (TGF-beta) in the developing chicken intestine and spleen was investigated using specific cDNA probes and antibodies for the different TGF-beta isoforms, Coordinate expression of the mRNAs for TGF-beta s 2, 3 and 4 was detected in the embryonic intestine by 8 days, with maximal expression of the mRNAs for TGF-beta s 2 and 4 occurring at 12 and 19 days, respectively, while expression of TGF-beta 3 mRNA remained constant during this time. While specific antibodies for TGF-beta s 2, 3 and 4 could detect only weak immunohistochemical staining of the intestinal epithelium in 4-, 12- and 16-day-old embryos, intense staining for TGF-beta s 2, 3 and 4 was detected in the tips of the intestinal villi of 19-day-old embryos, In the spleen, expression of the mRNAs for TGF-beta s 2 and 3 increased in the newly hatched chick compared with the embryo and then decreased in the adult to levels that were lower than in the embryo; expression of TGF-beta 4 mRNA increased progressively with developmental age, with expression in the adult spleen being significantly higher than in the embryonic and hatchling spleen, Immunohistochemical staining of spleens showed a selective increase in the level of reactive TGF-beta 4 with increasing developmental age, while staining for TGF-beta s 2 and 3 was constant during development. After infection of 1-month-old chickens with coccidian parasite, expression of TGF-beta 4 mRNAs increased 5-8-fold in intestinal intra-epithelial lymphocytes and 2.5-fold in spleen cells, while expression of the mRNAs for TGF-beta s 2 and 3 remained constant in these cells. The results of this study suggest that TGF-beta may play a role in development of the intestine and spleen in the chicken and that TGF-beta 4 in particular increases after infection of coccidia in the chicken. (C) Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Jakowlew, SB (reprint author), NCI,BIOMARKERS & PREVENT RES BRANCH,9610 MED CTR DR,SUITE C300,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 58 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 55 IS 4 BP 321 EP 339 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(96)05628-0 PG 19 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA WY051 UT WOS:A1997WY05100007 PM 9151404 ER PT J AU Sprague, CL Stoller, EW Wax, LM Horak, MJ AF Sprague, CL Stoller, EW Wax, LM Horak, MJ TI Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) resistance to selected ALS-inhibiting herbicides SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chlorimuron, 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]be nzoic acid; imazethapyr, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethy l-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; thifensulfuron, 3-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfon yl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid; common waterhemp, Amaranthus radis Sauer AMATA; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S Wats AMAPA; herbicide resistance; cross-resistance; acetolactate synthase; AMATA; AMAPA ID ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; KOCHIA-SCOPARIA; SULFONYLUREA; MECHANISM; BIOTYPES AB Imazethapyr-resistant biotypes of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp were studied to determine the magnitude of resistance and cross-resistance to three acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. Resistant biotypes of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp demonstrated > 2,800- and > 130-fold resistance to phytotoxicity of imazethapyr compared to susceptible biotypes, respectively. Concentrations of imazethapyr required for 50% in vivo inhibition of ALS activity were at: least > 13,100 and > 1,900 times greater for resistant biotypes of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp, respectively, compared to susceptible plants. Resistant biotypes of both species demonstrated cross-resistance to the sulfonylurea herbicides thifensulfuron and chlorimuron at the whole plane and enzyme levels, indicating that a less sensitive ALS enzyme confers this resistance to these plants. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP Sprague, CL (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 192 EP 197 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WZ222 UT WOS:A1997WZ22200002 ER PT J AU VanDevender, KW Costello, TA Smith, RJ AF VanDevender, KW Costello, TA Smith, RJ TI Model of rice (Oryza sativa) yield reduction as a function of weed interference SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rice; Oryza sativa L; weed density; duration of interference; weed control economics; mathematical model; response surface; Richards equation ID SIGNALGRASS BRACHIARIA-PLATYPHYLLA AB Economic assessment of weed management strategies in rice is dependent upon a quantitative estimate of the yield impact of a given weed population. To assist rice producers in making such assessments, a mathematical model was developed to predict rice yield reduction as a function of weed density and duration of interference. The nonlinear empirical model was a unique 3-dimensional adaptation of the Richards equation with 4 parameters. Using published data, individual parameter values were fitted for each of 6 weed species interfering with either conventional or semi-dwarf statured rice cultivars. The functional form of the equation produced surfaces that were qualitatively consistent with available data and experience regarding rice-weed biology. Hence, predictions from the model should be useful and reliable in assessing the economic impact of weeds and in determining the feasibility of alternative weed control treatments for various field scenarios. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202. USDA ARS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. RP VanDevender, KW (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 218 EP 224 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WZ222 UT WOS:A1997WZ22200006 ER PT J AU Ball, DA Ogg, AG Chevalier, PM AF Ball, DA Ogg, AG Chevalier, PM TI The influence of seeding rate on weed control in small-red lentil (Lens culinaris) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cutleaf nightshade, Solanum triflorum (Nutt) SOLTR; witchgrass, Panicum capillare (L) PANCA; prostrate knotweed, Polygonum aviculare (L) POLAV; Russian thistle, Salsola iberica SALIB; lentil, Lens culinaris Medic, 'Crimson'; crop competition; density; cross-seeding; SOLTR; PANCA; POLAV; SALIB ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SUPPRESSION; ROTATION; DENSITY AB Experiments were conducted at two sites for 2 yr in the Pacific Northwest dryland cropping region to determine if seeding rate of small-red lentil could enhance weed control with herbicides and increase lentil seed yield. At Pendleton, OR, and LaCrosse, WA, lentil was planted at 22 or 44 kg ha(-1) in one direction in all plots. In one-half of the plea, lentil was cross-seeded at right angles with an additional 22 kg ha(-1) to provide seeding races of 22, 44, 22 + 22, and 44 + 22 kg ha(-1). Seeding rate main plots were split into three herbicide treatments and an untreated control: Total weed density was reduced by increasing seeding race at Pendleton both years when averaged over all herbicide treatments. Seeding rate reduced total weed density to a greater extent when herbicides did not adequately control weeds or when herbicides were not applied at Pendleton in 1992. Increased seeding rate also reduced total weed dry weight at Pendleton in 1992 and 1993 and at LaCrosse in 1993. The suppressive effect of increased seeding rate on weed dry weight was more evident when herbicides were not used or when herbicides gave only partial control. Herbicides generally reduced weed density, but the effectiveness of individual treatments was related to the weed species present and environmental conditions present in each experiment. Lentil aboveground dry weight production increased with seeding rate at both locations; however, only in 1 yr did lentil seed yield increase with seeding rate. The primary benefit from increased seeding race in this study was to reduce weed density and dry weight. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Ball, DA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLUMBIA BASIN AGR RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 296 EP 300 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WZ222 UT WOS:A1997WZ22200018 ER PT J AU Locke, MA Bryson, CT AF Locke, MA Bryson, CT TI Herbicide-soil interactions in reduced tillage and plant residue management systems SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE conservation tillage; cover crop; degradation; leaching; no-tillage; reduced tillage; runoff; sorption; tillage ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; NORTH-EASTERN VICTORIA; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; SURFACE-APPLIED CHEMICALS; ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; CORN ZEA-MAYS; NO-TILL; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; COVER CROP; CONSERVATION TILLAGE AB Recent changes in technology, governmental regulation and scrutiny, and public opinion have motivated the agricultural community to examine current management practices from the perspective of how they fit into a sustainable agricultural framework. One aspect which can be incorporated into many existing farming systems is plane residue management (e.g., reduced tillage, cover crops). Many residue management systems are designed to enhance accumulation of plant residue at the soil surface. The plant residue covering the soil surface provides many benefits, including protection from soil erosion, soil moisture conservation by acting as a barrier against evaporation, improved soil tilth, and inhibition of weed emergence. This review summarizes recent literature (ca. last 25 yr) concerning the effects of plant residue management on the soil environment and how those changes impact herbicide interactions. RP Locke, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO WEED SCI LAB, POB 350, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 165 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 24 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 307 EP 320 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WZ222 UT WOS:A1997WZ22200020 ER PT J AU Fuller, TK Fuller, MR DeGraaf, RM AF Fuller, TK Fuller, MR DeGraaf, RM TI Why do international research and management? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Wildlife Soc DE collaboration; exchange; international; management; research ID WILDLIFE C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SNAKE RIVER FIELD STN,BOISE,ID 83706. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,USDA,FOREST SERV,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP Fuller, TK (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT FORESTRY & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 74 EP 77 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA XA822 UT WOS:A1997XA82200014 ER PT J AU Sugihara, RT AF Sugihara, RT TI RANDSEL: Randomly selecting and assigning animals to treatment groups SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE animal selection; random assignment; randomization; treatment groups RP Sugihara, RT (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 10880,HILO,HI 96721, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 183 EP 184 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA XA822 UT WOS:A1997XA82200032 ER PT J AU Forsman, ED Giese, AR AF Forsman, ED Giese, AR TI Nests of Northern Spotted Owls on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SITE SELECTION AB We located 155 nests in 82 territories occupied by Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. All nests were in trees. Of 116 nests that were measured, 105 were in cavities and 11 were in external platforms on tree limbs. Cavity nests were typically in large holes in the side of the trunk or in the broken top of the trunk. Aspect of cavity entrances was non-random, with the majority of cavities facing east-north-east. Location of nest trees did not differ from expected values for slope aspect or position on slope. Proportions of nest sites in different percent slope categories differed from availability, with more nests than expected in the higher percent slope categories. Nests usually were in stands with high overall canopy closure (greater than or equal to 70%), but canopy closure in the immediate vicinity of the nest varied from 35-90%. Most nests (87%) were in multilayered stands dominated by large trees. Nests in younger stands were typically in stands where remnant old trees were present. Owls changed nests between successive nesting events in 80% of all cases. Changes in pair members on a territory did not influence the frequency with which pairs switched to a new nest tree in the next nesting year. Based on observed rates of attrition, the expected life span of nests was 120 years. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP Forsman, ED (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW LAB, USDA, 3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 109 IS 1 BP 28 EP 41 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA WP229 UT WOS:A1997WP22900002 ER PT J AU Ferral, DP Edwards, JW Armstrong, AE AF Ferral, DP Edwards, JW Armstrong, AE TI Long-distance dispersal of Red-cockaded woodpeckers. SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 CLEMSON UNIV,US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP Ferral, DP (reprint author), S CAROLINA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,WILDLIFE DIVERS SECT,POB 167,COLUMBIA,SC 29202, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 109 IS 1 BP 154 EP 157 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA WP229 UT WOS:A1997WP22900014 ER PT J AU Conner, RN Rudolph, DC Schaefer, RR Saenz, D AF Conner, RN Rudolph, DC Schaefer, RR Saenz, D TI Long-distance dispersal of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in Texas. SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POPULATION RP Conner, RN (reprint author), STEPHEN F AUSTIN STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,US FOREST STN,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 109 IS 1 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA WP229 UT WOS:A1997WP22900015 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Marohasy, J AF Gagne, RJ Marohasy, J TI A new species of Schizomyia Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on rubber vine and other Asclepiadaceae in Madagascar SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A new species of gall midge, Schizomyia cryptostegiae Gagne, that forms leaf and bud galls on Cryptostegia grandiflora in Madagascar is described and its biology summarised. The gall midge is a candidate for the biological control of C. grandiflora in northern Queensland, Australia. C1 QUEENSLAND DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ALAN FLETCHER RES STN,SHERWOOD,QLD 4075,AUSTRALIA. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,PSI,US NATL MUSEUM NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CANBERRA PA CSIRO ENTOMOLOGY GPO BOX 1700, CANBERRA 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 1326-6756 J9 AUST J ENTOMOL JI Aust. J. Entomol. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 36 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1997.tb01424.x PN 1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WL878 UT WOS:A1997WL87800002 ER PT J AU Kuykendall, LD Hunter, WJ AF Kuykendall, LD Hunter, WJ TI The sequence of a symbiotically essential Bradyrhizobium japonicum operon consisting of trpD, trpC and a moaC-like gene SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE nitrogen fixation; nodulation; molybdenum cofactor; nitrate reductase; (legumes); (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) ID MOLYBDENUM COFACTOR BIOSYNTHESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; APPLE MACINTOSH; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; DEHYDROGENASE; AUXOTROPHS; ANTHEPROT; REDUCTASE; MUTANTS AB The 2767 bp BamHI-HindIII fragment specifying the trpDC genes of B. japonicum I-110 was sequenced. The trpD and trpC genes each have three highly conserved 'Crawford' consensus sequences and are part of an operon with three open reading frames (ORFs). The third ORF has a predicted product with 58% amino-acid sequence identity with the gene product of E. coli moaC, a gene encoding an enzyme involved in biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor required for the activity of nitrate reductase and other Mo cofactor-requiring enzymes. C1 CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP Kuykendall, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 1350 IS 3 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1016/S0167-4781(96)00237-0 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WK239 UT WOS:A1997WK23900010 PM 9061023 ER PT J AU WrayCahen, D Nguyen, HV Burrin, DG Beckett, PR Fiorotto, ML Wester, TJ Yu, H Reeds, PJ Davis, TA AF WrayCahen, D Nguyen, HV Burrin, DG Beckett, PR Fiorotto, ML Wester, TJ Yu, H Reeds, PJ Davis, TA TI Response of skeletal muscle synthesis (PSm) to insulin (INS) declines with development. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 837 EP 837 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000839 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Hadsell, DL Chang, X AF Burrin, DG Hadsell, DL Chang, X TI Transgenic hypersecretion of des(1-3) human IGF-I in milk stimulates intestinal growth, but not disaccharidase maturation in neonatal mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 840 EP 840 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000838 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Milne, DB Nielsen, FH AF Lukaski, HC Milne, DB Nielsen, FH TI Work inefficiency in diet-induced magnesium deficiency in postmenopausal women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 855 EP 855 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000854 ER PT J AU Milne, DB Nielsen, FH AF Milne, DB Nielsen, FH TI Dietary magnesium aid copper affect indicators of copper and magnesium status in postmenopausal women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 856 EP 856 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000857 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Johnson, LK AF Finley, JW Johnson, LK TI Dietary manganese and serum ferritin concentration affect manganese absorption and retention. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 861 EP 861 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000860 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH Poellot, RA Uthus, EO AF Nielsen, FH Poellot, RA Uthus, EO TI Vanadium deprivation alters the changes in plasma thyroid hormone concentrations, pancreatic amylase activity, and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in the BB rat causes by increasing dietary iodine. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 862 EP 862 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000863 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO AF Uthus, EO TI Arsenic deprivation decreases the specific activity of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) in rats fed diets low in folic acid but supplemented with choline. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 863 EP 863 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000861 ER PT J AU Bai, Y Hunt, CD AF Bai, Y Hunt, CD TI Boron affects in vitro splenocyte proliferation in a dose dependent manner. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 864 EP 864 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000864 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Keehr, KA Idso, JP AF Hunt, CD Keehr, KA Idso, JP TI Proximal tibial trabecular bone morphology responds to an interaction among dietary vitamin D rehabilitation, boron, and magnesium in growing male rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 865 EP 865 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000865 ER PT J AU Meacham, SL Hunt, CD AF Meacham, SL Hunt, CD TI Estimated cadmium intake of American females. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WINTHROP UNIV,DEPT NUTR,ROCK HILL,SC 29733. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 866 EP 866 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000868 ER PT J AU Bhathena, SJ Bigner, M Martinez, A Elsasser, TH Miller, MJ Cuttitta, F AF Bhathena, SJ Bigner, M Martinez, A Elsasser, TH Miller, MJ Cuttitta, F TI Effect of adrenomedullin on plasma glucose and insulin in SHR/N-CP rat - A genetic model of diabetes and hypertension. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. USDA ARS,BHNRC,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,GGPL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 915 EP 915 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000914 ER PT J AU Souza, SC Yamamoto, MT Greenberg, AS AF Souza, SC Yamamoto, MT Greenberg, AS TI Salicylic acid decreases the ability of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) to increase lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,HNRC,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 919 EP 919 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000919 ER PT J AU Bathalon, GP Vinken, AG Tucker, KL Roberts, SB AF Bathalon, GP Vinken, AG Tucker, KL Roberts, SB TI The accuracy of dietary reporting in postmenopausal women classified as restrained or unrestrained eaters. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 941 EP 941 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000941 ER PT J AU IshimuraOka, K Li, CM Su, DR Pond, WG AF IshimuraOka, K Li, CM Su, DR Pond, WG TI Decreased cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxlase expression and elevated LDL cholesterol in genetically high-cholesterol pigs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CNRC,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 976 EP 976 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000976 ER PT J AU Bickford, PC Chadman, K Taglialatea, G ShuckittHale, B Prior, RP Cao, G AF Bickford, PC Chadman, K Taglialatea, G ShuckittHale, B Prior, RP Cao, G TI Dietary strawberry supplementation protects against the age accelerated CNS effects of oxidative stress. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DENVER,CO 80262. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT CHEM & GENET,GALVESTON,TX 77555. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RI Bickford, Paula/J-5970-2012 OI Bickford, Paula/0000-0001-9657-7725 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1020 EP 1020 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001022 ER PT J AU Chiang, EP Smith, D Seyoum, E Selhub, J Roubenoff, R AF Chiang, EP Smith, D Seyoum, E Selhub, J Roubenoff, R TI Plasma pyridoxal-PO4 levels and homocysteine fall with inflammation in adjuvant arthritis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HNRC,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1030 EP 1030 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001030 ER PT J AU Bagley, P Weinstock, M Selhub, J AF Bagley, P Weinstock, M Selhub, J TI Affinity/HPLC with CoulArray detection for folate distribution analysis at picomole levels. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,JM USDA HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. RI Bagley, Pamela/N-1906-2015 OI Bagley, Pamela/0000-0002-1214-7814 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1036 EP 1036 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001036 ER PT J AU Jacob, R Gretz, D Henning, S Swendseid, M Tamura, T AF Jacob, R Gretz, D Henning, S Swendseid, M Tamura, T TI Plasma folate and homocysteine in postmenopausal women during experimental folate depletion and repletion. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT NUTR SCI,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1038 EP 1038 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001040 ER PT J AU RibayaMercado, JD Russell, RM Rasmussen, HM Crim, MC PerronePetty, G Gershoff, SN AF RibayaMercado, JD Russell, RM Rasmussen, HM Crim, MC PerronePetty, G Gershoff, SN TI Effect of niacin status on gastrointestinal function and serum lipids. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1040 EP 1040 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001041 ER PT J AU Blankemeyer, JT Friedman, M AF Blankemeyer, JT Friedman, M TI A novel role for folic acid: Amelioration of the lethal effect of plant glycoalkaloids on embryos and correlation of amelioration with membrane potential SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1042 EP 1042 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001042 ER PT J AU Liu, C Wang, XD Hebuterne, X Jean, CS Smith, DE Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Liu, C Wang, XD Hebuterne, X Jean, CS Smith, DE Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Biosynthesis of retinoic acid from beta-carotene and beta-APO-14'-carotenal. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,JM USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DEPT BIOCHEM,SCH NUTR & MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1043 EP 1043 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001043 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Krinsky, NI Liu, C Peacocke, M Russell, RM AF Wang, XD Krinsky, NI Liu, C Peacocke, M Russell, RM TI beta-APO-14'-Carotenoic acid transactivates the response element of the retinoic acid receptor beta 2 gene via its conversion into retinoic acid SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT DERMATOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1049 EP 1049 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001049 ER PT J AU Tang, G Qin, J Dolnikowski, G Russell, RM AF Tang, G Qin, J Dolnikowski, G Russell, RM TI Isotope reference method in determining vitamin A equivalence of beta-carotene in humans SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,JM USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1050 EP 1050 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001052 ER PT J AU Qin, J Yeum, KJ Tang, G Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Qin, J Yeum, KJ Tang, G Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Optimal saponification conditions for carotenoid determination in human adipose tissue. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,JM USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1052 EP 1052 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001053 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG AF Reeves, PG TI Feeding high-zinc diets lowers the copper status in both metallothionein(MT)-null and control mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1057 EP 1057 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001056 ER PT J AU Saari, JT Stinnett, HO Dahlen, GM AF Saari, JT Stinnett, HO Dahlen, GM TI Determinants of heart size in dietary copper deficiency. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1058 EP 1058 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001059 ER PT J AU Schuschke, D Saari, J Miller, F AF Schuschke, D Saari, J Miller, F TI Dietary copper deficiency reduces neutrophil adherence in vivo. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1059 EP 1059 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001057 ER PT J AU Davis, CD Reeves, PG AF Davis, CD Reeves, PG TI Effect of dietary zinc and copper on beta-amyloid precursor protein expression. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1062 EP 1062 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001064 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM Christopherson, DM AF Klevay, LM Christopherson, DM TI Copper deficiency decreases dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in rat serum. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1063 EP 1063 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001062 ER PT J AU Anand, RS Basiotis, P Kennedy, E AF Anand, RS Basiotis, P Kennedy, E TI Rise in amount of total fat and number of calories consumed by Americans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,CTR NUTR POLICY & PROMOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1064 EP 1064 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001063 ER PT J AU Mujahid, R Forbes, B Nomani, MZA VukicBugarski, T Kushal, AG AF Mujahid, R Forbes, B Nomani, MZA VukicBugarski, T Kushal, AG TI Obesity and food eating behavior of women in Appalachia: Rural and urban counties of West Virginia. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1065 EP 1065 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001065 ER PT J AU Wallock, L Jacob, R Woodall, A Ames, B AF Wallock, L Jacob, R Woodall, A Ames, B TI Nutritional status and positive relation of plasma folate to fertility indices in nonsmoking men. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MOL & CELL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1068 EP 1068 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001067 ER PT J AU Kehayias, JJ Abad, L Savicki, M Roubenoff, R Rosenberg, I AF Kehayias, JJ Abad, L Savicki, M Roubenoff, R Rosenberg, I TI Hydration status of the elderly: Relevance to body composition SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1092 EP 1092 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001090 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Rall, LC Lundgren, NT Reichlin, S Veldhuis, JD Kehayias, JJ AF Roubenoff, R Rall, LC Lundgren, NT Reichlin, S Veldhuis, JD Kehayias, JJ TI Is growth hormone (GH) deficiency associated with sarcopenia? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV WISCONSIN,STEVENS POINT,WI 54481. UNIV ARIZONA,HLTH SCI CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85724. UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1093 EP 1093 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001093 ER PT J AU Rall, LC Lundgren, NT Reichlin, S Veldhuis, JD Kehayias, JJ Roubenoff, R AF Rall, LC Lundgren, NT Reichlin, S Veldhuis, JD Kehayias, JJ Roubenoff, R TI Altered growth hormone (GH) kinetics in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV WISCONSIN,STEVENS POINT,WI 54481. UNIV ARIZONA,HLTH SCI CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85724. UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1094 EP 1094 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001094 ER PT J AU Booth, SL OBrien, ME Davidson, KW Tsaioun, KI Sadowski, JA AF Booth, SL OBrien, ME Davidson, KW Tsaioun, KI Sadowski, JA TI Response of vitamin K status to varied intakes of phylloquinone. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1111 EP 1111 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001111 ER PT J AU OBrien, KO Zavaleta, N Caulfield, LE Lembcke, J Abrams, SA AF OBrien, KO Zavaleta, N Caulfield, LE Lembcke, J Abrams, SA TI Fractional zinc absorption in pregnant Peruvian women receiving prenatal iron supplements SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. INST INVEST NUTR,LIMA,PERU. BAYLOR COLL MED,CNRC,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1127 EP 1127 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001125 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, LR Lowe, NM Randolph, JM Sutherland, B Turnlund, JR Jackson, MJ King, JC AF Woodhouse, LR Lowe, NM Randolph, JM Sutherland, B Turnlund, JR Jackson, MJ King, JC TI Zinc homeostasis during dietary zinc depletion and repletion in humans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT NUTR SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. UNIV LIVERPOOL,SCH MED,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. RI Lowe, Nicola/B-5472-2013 OI Lowe, Nicola/0000-0002-6934-2768 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1128 EP 1128 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001128 ER PT J AU Lathrop, L Rozen, R Selhub, J AF Lathrop, L Rozen, R Selhub, J TI In vivo synthesis of methyltetrahydrofolate(methylTHF): A comparison of thermostable vs. a thermolabile variant of methyl lenetetrahydrolate reductase (MTHFR). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1353 EP 1353 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001354 ER PT J AU Miller, JW Thomas, CA Nadeau, MR Brattstrom, L Feldman, RG Wolf, PA Selhub, J AF Miller, JW Thomas, CA Nadeau, MR Brattstrom, L Feldman, RG Wolf, PA Selhub, J TI Effect of L-Dopa administration on blood homocysteine concentration in Parkinson's patients. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1357 EP 1357 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001359 ER PT J AU Roath, PD Morris, VC Levander, OA AF Roath, PD Morris, VC Levander, OA TI Effect of selenium depletion on coxsackievirus replication in Hep G2 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,NUTR REG & FUNC LAB,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1370 EP 1370 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001369 ER PT J AU Castaneda, C Gordon, PL Fielding, RA Evans, WJ Crim, MC AF Castaneda, C Gordon, PL Fielding, RA Evans, WJ Crim, MC TI Low-protein dietary intake results in reduced plasma IGF-I levels and skeletal muscle fiber atrophy in elderly women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1374 EP 1374 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001374 ER PT J AU Lipman, R Bronson, R Smith, D Cao, G Prior, R Wu, D Han, S Meydani, SN Meydani, M AF Lipman, R Bronson, R Smith, D Cao, G Prior, R Wu, D Han, S Meydani, SN Meydani, M TI Antioxidant supplementation & age-associated lesion incidence. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1380 EP 1380 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001380 ER PT J AU Dalvi, RR Davis, SW AF Dalvi, RR Davis, SW TI Potentiation of chlorpyrifos toxicity by beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) in fingerling channel catfish. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUSKEGEE UNIV,SCH VET MED,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088. USDA ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,AUBURN,AL 36830. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1708 EP 1708 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001707 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Paape, MJ AF Wang, Y Paape, MJ TI Functional and phenotypic characterization of monoclonal antibodies to bovine L-selectin. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,IDRL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1976 EP 1976 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53001976 ER PT J AU Ausman, LM Croll, DH Jones, PJH Shaefer, E Lichtenstein, AH AF Ausman, LM Croll, DH Jones, PJH Shaefer, E Lichtenstein, AH TI Impact of dietary fat type on low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels partially mediated by total body sterol balance. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. REGIS COLL,WESTON,MA. MCGILL UNIV,SCH DIETET & HUMAN NUTR,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T5,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2057 EP 2057 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002059 ER PT J AU Schaefer, EJ Welty, FK Lichtenstein, AH Barrett, PHR McNamara, JR Ordovas, JM AF Schaefer, EJ Welty, FK Lichtenstein, AH Barrett, PHR McNamara, JR Ordovas, JM TI Effects of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol restriction on apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and B-48 metabolism in humans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,JM,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2059 EP 2059 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002060 ER PT J AU Carrasco, WV TillyKiesi, M Lichtenstein, AH Joven, J Vilella, E Ordovas, JM Dolnikowski, G Schaefer, EJ AF Carrasco, WV TillyKiesi, M Lichtenstein, AH Joven, J Vilella, E Ordovas, JM Dolnikowski, G Schaefer, EJ TI Impact of gender on the metabolism of apolipoprotein A-I in HDL subclasses Lp AI and Lp AI/AII in elderly subjects. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,JM,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RI Joven, Jorge/B-3360-2016 OI Joven, Jorge/0000-0003-2749-4541 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2061 EP 2061 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002061 ER PT J AU Lee, H Gerrior, S Smith, J AF Lee, H Gerrior, S Smith, J TI Energy compensation by reduced-fat milk drinkers. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. USDA,CNPP,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. ARS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2077 EP 2077 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002075 ER PT J AU Patterson, B Zech, L Veillon, C Levander, O AF Patterson, B Zech, L Veillon, C Levander, O TI Application of a model of human selenium metabolism to cancer chemoprevention trials. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2078 EP 2078 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002078 ER PT J AU McLean, SA Onwochei, MO Askari, A Klevay, LM AF McLean, SA Onwochei, MO Askari, A Klevay, LM TI Copper deficiency enhances the toxicity of ouabain to hearts perfused by the Langendorff method. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PHARMACOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2098 EP 2098 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002099 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT Thomas, AC AF Johnson, WT Thomas, AC TI Evidence of oxidative stress in HL60 cells derived of copper. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED & HLTH SCI,USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED & HLTH SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2103 EP 2103 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002102 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F Morlese, J Forrester, T AF Jahoor, F Morlese, J Forrester, T TI Magnitude of the acute-phase protein (APP) response to infection in protein-energy malnourished children. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV W INDIES,TROP METAB RES UNIT,KINGSTON 7,JAMAICA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2105 EP 2105 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002105 ER PT J AU Reeds, P Burrin, D Stoll, B Henry, J Frazer, E Jahoor, F AF Reeds, P Burrin, D Stoll, B Henry, J Frazer, E Jahoor, F TI Arginine is synthesized from enteral glutamate in the intestine of piglets in vivo SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2107 EP 2107 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002109 ER PT J AU Seale, JL Conway, JM AF Seale, JL Conway, JM TI Relationship between 24-hour and sleeping energy expenditure and BMR measured in a room sized calorimeter SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BHNRC,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2154 EP 2154 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002153 ER PT J AU Meydani, M Ralt, LC Han, SN Roubenoff, R Meydani, SN AF Meydani, M Ralt, LC Han, SN Roubenoff, R Meydani, SN TI Urinary 8-OHdG as a marker of oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and aging: Effect of progressive resistance training (PRT). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV WISCONSIN,STEVENS POINT,WI 54481. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2180 EP 2180 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002180 ER PT J AU Suri, JJ DiRusso, T Curran, M Fontleroy, J Raymond, J Roubenoff, R AF Suri, JJ DiRusso, T Curran, M Fontleroy, J Raymond, J Roubenoff, R TI Feasibility of increasing lean body mass in HIV-infected adults using progressive resistance training. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HNRC,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2181 EP 2181 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002183 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW McMurtry, JP VasilatosYounken, R AF Rosebrough, RW McMurtry, JP VasilatosYounken, R TI Dietary protein effects on the broiler's adaptation to triiodothyronine (T-3) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2212 EP 2212 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002211 ER PT J AU Johnson, EJ Qin, J Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Johnson, EJ Qin, J Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Concentrations of beta-carotene isomers in serum, breast milk, and buccal mucosa cell after chronic oral doses of all-trans (tBC) and 9-cis (9cBC) beta-carotene SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2263 EP 2263 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002262 ER PT J AU Forman, MR Johnson, EJ Lanza, E Graubard, BI Beecher, GR Muesing, R AF Forman, MR Johnson, EJ Lanza, E Graubard, BI Beecher, GR Muesing, R TI Distribution of carotenoids in lipoproteins of premenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2266 EP 2266 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002266 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Ferland, G Party, J Russell, RM AF Yeum, KJ Ferland, G Party, J Russell, RM TI Relationship of plasma carotenoids between mothers and their newborn babies SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV MONTREAL,DEPT NUTR,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3J7,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2267 EP 2267 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002267 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR Chan, C Gibbons, C Dixon, ZR AF Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR Chan, C Gibbons, C Dixon, ZR TI Fat soluble vitamin intake and status in a pilot study of healthy adults with chronic non-progressive severe physical disabilities SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,PWA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. FLORIDA INT UNIV,MIAMI,FL 33199. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2270 EP 2270 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002271 ER PT J AU Rumsey, TS Elsasser, TH Kahl, S AF Rumsey, TS Elsasser, TH Kahl, S TI Effect of soybean supplementation and an estrogenic growth promoter on thyroid status and response to TRH+GHRH challenge in growing beef steers SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2273 EP 2273 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002273 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Watson, RM Richardson, RL Hausman, GJ AF Kim, HS Watson, RM Richardson, RL Hausman, GJ TI The expression of insulin-like growth factor-I during adipogenesis in vivo: Effect of thyroxine SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2274 EP 2274 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002276 ER PT J AU Hopkinson, J Butte, N Ellis, K Heinz, C Shypaillo, R AF Hopkinson, J Butte, N Ellis, K Heinz, C Shypaillo, R TI Long-term changes in bone mineral density in lactating and non-lactating women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2290 EP 2290 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002290 ER PT J AU Keast, DR Cook, AJ Olson, BH AF Keast, DR Cook, AJ Olson, BH TI Folate intakes of women of childbearing years pre- and post-folic acid enrichment of the food supply. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ST JOSEPHS UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19131. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. KELLOGG CO,BATTLE CREEK,MI 49016. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2316 EP 2316 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002315 ER PT J AU Dudley, M Wykes, L Dudley, A Burrin, D Rosenberger, J Jahoor, F Nichols, B Reeds, P AF Dudley, M Wykes, L Dudley, A Burrin, D Rosenberger, J Jahoor, F Nichols, B Reeds, P TI Parenteral nutrition lowers lactase synthesis in infant pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,CNRC,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ H9X 3V9,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2321 EP 2321 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002323 ER PT J AU Schoene, N Morris, VC Roath, PD Beck, MA Levander, OA AF Schoene, N Morris, VC Roath, PD Beck, MA Levander, OA TI Response of thioredoxin reductase (TR) activity to selenium (Se) supply. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTR REQ FUNC LAB,ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27559. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2336 EP 2336 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002336 ER PT J AU Xue, Q Aliabadi, H Hallfrisch, J AF Xue, Q Aliabadi, H Hallfrisch, J TI Effects of dietary galactose and fructose on rats fed diets marginal or adequate in copper for 9-21 months. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2339 EP 2339 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002338 ER PT J AU Park, JYK Burri, BJ Lukoyanova, T Dueker, S Clifford, AJ AF Park, JYK Burri, BJ Lukoyanova, T Dueker, S Clifford, AJ TI Plasma bioavailability of vitamin A-D4 stable isotope (VA-d4) in women: Depletion/repletion study of beta-carotene (BC). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2370 EP 2370 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002368 ER PT J AU Yin, S Gu, SF Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Tang, G Russell, RM AF Yin, S Gu, SF Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Tang, G Russell, RM TI Isotope dilution method in determining vitamin A status of marginal deficient children SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST NUTR & FOOD HYG,BEIJING 100050,PEOPLES R CHINA. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2371 EP 2371 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002371 ER PT J AU RomeroAbal, ME Mazariegos, M Casasola, K Mena, I RibayaMercado, J Russell, RM Solomons, NW AF RomeroAbal, ME Mazariegos, M Casasola, K Mena, I RibayaMercado, J Russell, RM Solomons, NW TI Vitamin A status among the elderly of rural Guatemalan communities: Does aging produce sparing from hypovitaminosis A? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR STUDIES SENSORY IMPAIRMENT AGING METAB,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2373 EP 2373 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002375 ER PT J AU Levander, OA Morris, VC Roath, PD AF Levander, OA Morris, VC Roath, PD TI Effect of added vitamin E on coxsackievirus replication in HEP G2 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTR REQ & FUNC LAB,ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2388 EP 2388 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002386 ER PT J AU Solomon, MB Eastridge, JS AF Solomon, MB Eastridge, JS TI Morphological differences between longissimus muscle from callipyge and normal lambs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,DUBOIS,ID 83423. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2398 EP 2398 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002399 ER PT J AU Bee, G Solomon, MB Pursel, VG AF Bee, G Solomon, MB Pursel, VG TI Expression of an IGF-I transgene on skeletal muscle morphology in swine. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MEAT SCI RES LAB,ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Bee, Giuseppe/N-6348-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2405 EP 2405 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002403 ER PT J AU Li, W Norred, WP AF Li, W Norred, WP TI Effect of fumonisin B1 on regenerating rat liver slices. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2437 EP 2437 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002438 ER PT J AU Ding, ST McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ AF Ding, ST McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ TI Effects of linolenic acid on differentiation of 3T3-F442A adipocytes, including expression of transcripts for beta-adrenergic receptors. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2448 EP 2448 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002447 ER PT J AU Contois, LRW Tuzon, C Mendelson, KG Cochary, EF Paulson, KE AF Contois, LRW Tuzon, C Mendelson, KG Cochary, EF Paulson, KE TI Regulation of the MKK3/p38 MAP kinase pathway by non-insulin metabolic signals in the liver. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,GENET LAB,JM USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2450 EP 2450 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002448 ER PT J AU Palmer, HJ Tuzon, C Paulson, KE AF Palmer, HJ Tuzon, C Paulson, KE TI Age-related decrease in activation of MAP-kinases in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF): Effect of glutathione. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,JM USDA HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2466 EP 2466 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002465 ER PT J AU Richardson, RL Hausman, GJ AF Richardson, RL Hausman, GJ TI Growth factor regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBP) and preadipocyte differentiation in porcine stromal-vascular cell cultures. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2481 EP 2481 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002483 ER EF