FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hales, CA Elsasser, TH Ocampo, P Efimova, O AF Hales, CA Elsasser, TH Ocampo, P Efimova, O TI TNF-alpha in smoke inhalation lung injury SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lung lymph; acute lung injury; sheep; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; PULMONARY-EDEMA; SHEEP; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PLASMA; MORTALITY; ACROLEIN; GENE AB Adult respiratory distress syndrome is a major cause of morbidity in fire victims. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is edematogenic and has been associated with the etiology of other forms of adult respiratory distress syndrome. In the sheep lymph fistula model, we measured TNF-alpha after 48 (n = 7) or 128 (n = 3) breaths of cotton smoke and compared this with sham controls (n = 5) or controls in which left atrial pressure was elevated to 20 mmHg (n = 5) to increase lymph flow in the absence of inflammation. Smoke induced a rise in lymph flow and pulmonary arterial pressure with either no fall in lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (128 breaths) or a modest fall in lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (48 breaths), consistent with a change in microvascular permeability as well as a rise in microvascular pressure. Lymph concentration of TNF-alpha fell in both groups, although lymph flux (concentration x flow) transiently rose in both. In neither case did TNF-alpha. flux exceed that induced by left atrial pressure elevation. TNF-alpha was detectable in only one out of five sheep in alveolar lavage. Thus, by utilizing a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay, we were unable to demonstrate a role for TNF-alpha in smoke-induced microvascular lung injury in sheep. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02114. USDA,GROWTH BIOL LAB,LIVESTOCK & POULTRY INST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Hales, CA (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,PULM CRIT CARE UNIT,DEPT MED,SHRINERS BURNS INST,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-36829] NR 25 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 82 IS 5 BP 1433 EP 1437 PG 5 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA WX868 UT WOS:A1997WX86800008 PM 9134889 ER PT J AU Sidhu, H Ogden, SD Lung, HY Luttge, BG Baetz, AL Peck, AB AF Sidhu, H Ogden, SD Lung, HY Luttge, BG Baetz, AL Peck, AB TI DNA sequencing and expression of the formyl coenzyme A transferase gene, frc, from Oxalobacter formigenes SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID A DECARBOXYLASE; OXALATE; PURIFICATION AB Oxalic acid, a highly toxic by-product of metabolism is catabolized by a limited number of bacterial species utilizing an activation-decarboxylation reaction which yields formate and CO2. frc, the gene encoding formyI coenzyme A transferase, an enzyme which transfers a coenzyme A moiety to activate oxalic acid, was cloned from the bacterium Oxalobacter formigenes. DNA sequencing revealed a single open reading frame of 1,284 bp capable of encoding a 428-amino-acid protein. A presumed promoter region and a rho-independent termination sequence suggest that this gene is part of a monocistronic operon. A PCR fragment containing the open reading frame, when overexpressed in Escherichia coli, produced a product exhibiting enzymatic activity similar to the purified native enzyme. With this, the two genes necessary for bacterial catabolism of oxalate, frc and oxc, have now been cloned, sequenced, and expressed. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,PROGRAM EXPT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. IXION BIOTECHNOL INC,ALACHUA,FL 32615. IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK20586] NR 27 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 179 IS 10 BP 3378 EP 3381 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WY116 UT WOS:A1997WY11600044 PM 9150242 ER PT J AU McDonough, LM AF McDonough, LM TI Release dynamics of pheromone from a pheromone dispenser SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID MATING DISRUPTION; TEMPERATURE; RATES RP McDonough, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,5230 KONNOWAC PASS RD,WAPATO,WA 98951, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1211 EP 1216 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006619.17436.63 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XE714 UT WOS:A1997XE71400001 ER PT J AU McDonough, LM AF McDonough, LM TI Release dynamics of pheromone from a pheromone dispenser - Response SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID TEMPERATURE; RATES RP McDonough, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,WAPATO,WA 98951, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1221 EP 1222 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006621.81446.41 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XE714 UT WOS:A1997XE71400003 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Heath, RR AF Robacker, DC Heath, RR TI Decreased attraction of Anastrepha ludens to combinations of two types of synthetic lures in a citrus orchard SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attractants; Mexican fruit fly; Diptera; Tephritidae; Anastrepha ludens; host odors; ammonia; amines ID APPLE MAGGOT DIPTERA; MEXICAN FRUIT-FLIES; FLY DIPTERA; HOST FRUIT; TEPHRITIDAE; PHEROMONE; TRAPS AB Combinations of the previously developed attractants CEHO from host fruit aroma and AMPu from volatile metabolites of amino acids were evaluated for attractiveness to gamma-irradiated Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens, in a citrus orchard. In one experiment, McPhail traps with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) lures loaded with CEHO (10:1:1:50 mixture of 1,8-cineole, ethyl hexanoate, hexanol, and ethyl octanoate) were more attractive than blank traps. McPhail traps with AMPu (10:10:1 mixture of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine) were more attractive than blank and CEHO traps. Traps containing both AMPu and CEHO lures were less attractive than traps containing AMPu alone. In another experiment, sticky yellow panels and spheres were used to compare attractiveness of the same two attractants in different formulations. Sticky traps baited with membrane formulations of CEHO (10:1:1:10 mixture of the chemicals listed above) were not significantly attractive. Sticky traps with polypropylene tubes containing an agar formulation of AMPu (6:10:1 mixture of ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine) were more attractive than blank and CEHO baited traps. As in the first experiment, traps with both AMPu and CEHO lures were less attractive than traps with AMPu alone. Results indicate that attractive host-odor volatiles and attractive amino-acid metabolites interact negatively with regard to attractiveness to the Mexican fruit fly. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP QUAL & FRUIT INSECTS RES,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1262 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006462.55501.5b PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XE714 UT WOS:A1997XE71400007 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Demilo, AB Voaden, DJ AF Robacker, DC Demilo, AB Voaden, DJ TI Mexican fruit fly attractants: Effects of 1-pyrroline and other amines on attractiveness of a mixture of ammonia, methylamine, and putrescine SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attractants; Mexican fruit fly; Diptera; Tephritidae; Anastrepha ludens; ammonia; methylamine; putrescine; 1-pyrroline ID ANASTREPHA-LUDENS DIPTERA; MALE-PRODUCED PHEROMONE; FLIES DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; SEXES; TIME; ODOR; AGE AB Several amines were tested alone and in combination with AMPu, an attractant mixture containing ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, methylamine hydrochloride, and putrescine, for attractiveness to Mexican fruit flies (Anastrepha ludens Loew). In laboratory bioassay, 1-pyrroline, 3-pyrroline, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, spermidine, spermine, and indole-3-acetic acid were significantly more attractive than solvent controls. In orchard tests, traps baited with combinations of AMPu with dimethylamine hydrochloride, ethylamine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, or pyrrolidine captured fewer flies than traps baited with AMPu alone. Traps containing AMPu plus additional ammonium bicarbonate were much less attractive than AMPu alone, Combinations of AMPu with 1-pyrroline were about 50% more attractive than AMPu alone to both males and females. Combinations of AMPu with 3-pyrroline were not significantly more attractive than AMPu alone. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP QUAL & FRUIT INSECTS RES,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1263 EP 1280 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006463.93138.2a PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XE714 UT WOS:A1997XE71400008 ER PT J AU Sutton, BD Carlson, DA AF Sutton, BD Carlson, DA TI Cuticular hydrocarbons of Glossina .3. Subgenera glossina and Nemorhina SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tsetse fly; sex pheromone; gas liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; methylalkanes; patterns; Diptera; hydrocarbons ID SEX RECOGNITION PHEROMONE; TSETSE-FLIES GLOSSINA; PALLIDIPES AUSTEN; PALPALIS-PALPALIS; FLY; IDENTIFICATION; TACHINOIDES; MORSITANS AB The cuticular methyl-branched alkanes of tsetse flies of the subgenera Glossina (sensu stricto, formerly morsitans) and Nemorhina (formerly palpalis) were identified and quantified by capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Males of Glossina (Nemorhina) are differentiated from G. (Glossina) by dominant 27-, 28-, and/or 29-carbon backbone trimethylalkanes with the methyl positions at 3,7,11-, 4,8,12-, and 3,7,11-, respectively. All females contain major quantities of long-chain internally branched di- and/or trimethylalkanes that were previously implicated as mediators of sexual behavior in males. Taxa within these two subgroups that are closely related and/or conspecific, based upon conventional morphological and ecological criteria, exhibit similar GC patterns and similar internally branched di- and trimethylalkane isomers in females. Examination of these potentially stimulatory methylalkanes may provide reasons for the reproductive isolation of closely related species from each other. C1 USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,DIV PLANT IND,GAINESVILLE,FL 32614. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1320 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006465.90735.a0 PG 30 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XE714 UT WOS:A1997XE71400010 ER PT J AU Jang, EB Carvalho, LA Stark, JD AF Jang, EB Carvalho, LA Stark, JD TI Attraction of female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, to volatile semiochemicals from leaves and extracts of a nonhost plant, panax (Polyscias guilfoylei) in laboratory and olfactometer assays SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oriental fruit fly; Bactrocera dorsalis; female attractant; panax; fruit fly control; semiochemicals; kairomones; Tephritidae ID FLIGHT TUNNEL; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; FLIES; IDENTIFICATION AB Fresh whole leaves and solvent-water leaf extracts of the hedgerow plant panax, Polyscias guilfoylei (Bull), were tested for their attractiveness to male and female Oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis, in laboratory flight tunnel and cage olfactometer bioassays. Fresh mature whole panax leaves were found to be attractive to mated female oriental fruit dies in the flight tunnel. Response of males and virgin females was low and in most instances not significantly different from controls. Attraction of mated female flies to the layers resulting from a methylene chloride-water partition or a hexane-water partition of freshly ground leaves using small McPhail traps was greatest in the methylene chloride fraction. When methylene chloride and water layers were tested competitively in a multiple-choice rotating olfactometer, the methylene chloride fraction was more attractive. Tests involving the methylene chloride-water interface (an emulsion of the two partitioned layers) with and without a standard attractant NuLure, showed the emulsion layer to be significantly more attractive than the other fractions or NuLure. In outdoor cage olfactometer assays of methylene chloride and water fractions, activity was greatest in the methylene chloride fraction. The results suggests that volatile semiochemicals from this nonhost plant are attractive to mated female Oriental fruit flies. The results are discussed in relation to the chemical ecology of B. dorsalis and the potential use of this nonhost plant for detection and control of female Oriental fruit flies in the field. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PUYALLUP RES & EXTENS CTR,PUYALLUP,WA 98371. RP Jang, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1401 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006471.46161.8d PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XE714 UT WOS:A1997XE71400016 ER PT J AU Warthen, JD Cunningham, RT Leonhardt, BA Cook, JM Avery, JW Harte, EM AF Warthen, JD Cunningham, RT Leonhardt, BA Cook, JM Avery, JW Harte, EM TI Improved controlled-release formulations for a new trap design for male Mediterranean fruit flies: The C&C trap SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean fruit fly; Ceraritis capitata; medfly; C&C trap; Jackson trap; trimedlure; ceralure; attractant; parapheromone; panels ID FLY DIPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; TEPHRITIDAE; TRIMEDLURE; ATTRACTANT; ISOMERS; CERALURE; ENANTIOMERS; PERFORMANCE; DISPENSERS AB The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is a major pest of fruits and vegetables in the world. With the help of an extensive trapping program, the continental United States has remained free of established medfly populations. In an effort to increase trapping efficiency, controlled-release polymeric panels with trimedlure and ceralure were developed in conjunction with the development of a new trap, the C&C trap. This study contrasts the effectiveness of different panel formulations with the standard trimedlure polymeric plug and describes the use of the panels in the C&C trap. Field tests in Hawaii using released sterile flies showed consistently higher male medfly catches with panels in C&C traps than with the standard trimedlure polymeric plug in Jackson traps. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. FARMA TECH INT,FRESNO,CA 93710. RP Warthen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1471 EP 1486 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006477.53579.ee PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XE714 UT WOS:A1997XE71400022 ER PT J AU Heller, SR AF Heller, SR TI Symantec ACT! 3.0 for Windows 95 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Software Review RP Heller, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 37 IS 3 BP 624 EP 624 DI 10.1021/ci970340c PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA XB284 UT WOS:A1997XB28400030 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP Robnett, CJ AF Kurtzman, CP Robnett, CJ TI Identification of clinically important ascomycetous yeasts based on nucleotide divergence in the 5' end of the large-subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA gene SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; RNA SEQUENCES; DEBARYOMYCES; PICHIA; SCHWANNIOMYCES; SACCHAROMYCES; RELATEDNESS AB Clinically important species of Candida and related organisms were compared for extent of nucleotide divergence in the 5' end of the large-subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene;This rDNA region is sufficiently variable to allow reliable separation of all known clinically significant yeast species, Of the 204 described species examined, 21 appeared to be synonyms of previously described organisms, Phylogenetic relationships among the species are presented. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 34 TC 507 Z9 543 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1216 EP 1223 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV178 UT WOS:A1997WV17800033 PM 9114410 ER PT J AU Makoni, NF Broderick, GA Muck, RE AF Makoni, NF Broderick, GA Muck, RE TI Effect of modified atmospheres on proteolysis and fermentation of ensiled alfalfa SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa silage; proteolysis; modified atmosphere ID NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS; DAIRY-COWS; SILAGE; VEGETABLES; DIGESTION; MOISTURE; FORAGE; FRUITS; HEAT; ACID AB Two studies evaluated the proteolysis of alfalfa that was ensiled in laboratory silos under different modified atmospheres. In the first study, fourth-cutting alfalfa was ensiled at 25% dry matter (DM) for 28 d. The forage treatments were a modified atmosphere of 3% O-2:20% CO2:77% N-2, or formic acid (6 ml/kg of fresh weight); an untreated control was used for comparison. Proteolysis was assessed from the concentrations of NH3 N, free amino acid (AA) N, and nonprotein N (NPN). Peptide N was estimated as the difference between total NPN and the sum of NH3 N plus free AA N. Higher silage pH and lower concentrations of total organic acids suggested that the modified atmosphere reduced forage fermentation. The modified atmosphere was effective in reducing proteolysis to a level similar to that achieved with formic acid. Alfalfa ensiled under the modified atmosphere had more peptide N than did alfalfa ensiled with formic acid, which may be advantageous. In the second study, alfalfa was ensiled at 20 and 28% DM as an untreated control or treated with N-2 gas or a modified atmosphere composed of 3% O-2:15% CO2:82% N-2. The NH3 N concentrations were higher in alfalfa ensiled at 28% DM under N-2 gas or the modified atmosphere. Concentrations of free AA N were lower at the higher DM percentage for all treatments. Concentrations of NPN were reduced 7.0% for low DM ensiled under N-2, 7.0% for high DM ensiled under N-2, 23.4% for low DM ensiled under a modified atmosphere, and 25.7% for high DM ensiled under a modified atmosphere. Modified atmospheres reduced the rate and extent of NPN formation in alfalfa silage. C1 ARS,USDA,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 80 IS 5 BP 912 EP 920 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76014-4 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA XB286 UT WOS:A1997XB28600015 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Schaffer, EL AF Liu, JY Schaffer, EL TI Duration of constant and ramp loading on strength of wood SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID CREEP-RUPTURE; ENERGY CRITERION; POLYETHYLENE; MODEL AB We present an analysis of time-dependent strength of cellulosic and polymeric materials under ramp loading. The analysis is based on the Reiner-Weissenberg thermodynamic theory of strength in conjunction with a nonlinear mechanical model. The strength model system has been applied with satisfactory results to predict rupture behavior of polymers and wood polymer composites under constant loading. It has the peculiar features of predicting (1) The upper stress limit at which the material ruptures immediately upon application of load; and (2) the lower stress limit at which the material can sustain the load indefinitely without rupture. Procedures to evaluate the model parameters based on existing constant and ramp-loading test data of Douglas-fir beams are demonstrated. Although the model parameters are defined physical quantities, their accuracy can be improved because of the complex material creep characteristics and mechanical properties. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD MAY PY 1997 VL 123 IS 5 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:5(489) PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA WW071 UT WOS:A1997WW07100010 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Ajwa, HA Mackey, B Wu, L Cook, C Akohoue, S Zambruzuski, S AF Banuelos, GS Ajwa, HA Mackey, B Wu, L Cook, C Akohoue, S Zambruzuski, S TI Evaluation of different plant species used for phytoremediation of high soil selenium SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATION DRAINWATER; TALL FESCUE; VOLATILIZATION; BORON; ACCUMULATION; CALIFORNIA; REMOVAL; BIOACCUMULATION; TOLERANCE; SORPTION AB Concentrations of selenium (Se) in agricultural irrigation effluent increased stored soil Se to toxic levels in the wetland sediment at Kesterson Reservoir. Vegetation management (phytoremediation) may be a strategy to reduce these soil Se concentrations to nontoxic levels. Selenium in plant shoots and depletion of soil Se removal by selected plant species were evaluated over a l-yr period under greenhouse conditions. Two soils were used: a seleniferous Turlock soil (collected from Kesterson Reservoir) that contained high total Se (similar to 40 mg kg(-1) soil), high water extractable B (similar to 10 mg B L-1), and a soil salinity of similar to 8 dS m(-1), and a nonseleniferous Hanford sandy loam (collected from an agricultural field site). Three plant species tested were Brassica napus cv. Westar (canola), Hibiscus cannabinus L. cv. Indian (kenaf), and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Alfa (tall fescue). Only canola and kenaf grown in Turlock soil showed significant lower shoot yield (P < 0.01) than on the Hanford soil. Leaf Se was as high as 470 mg Se kg(-1) DM in canola, 45 mg Se kg(-1) DM in kenaf and 50 mg Se kg(-1) DM in tall fescue. The same crops contained mean leaf B concentrations as high as 415 mg B kg(-1) DM in kenaf, 180 mg B kg(-1) DM in canola, and 111 mg B kg(-1) DM in first clipping of tall fescue. The cultivation of all species led to a significant reduction (P < 0.01) of total soil Se between preplant and the final harvest by the following percentages: canola (47%), kenaf (23%), and tall fescue (21%). Successively planting of canola and to a lesser extent kenaf and tab fescue, in Se-laden soil has the potential to reduce fetal soil Se. C1 ARS,USDA,PWA,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. ARS,USDA,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), ARS,USDA,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 58 TC 89 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 639 EP 646 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WZ349 UT WOS:A1997WZ34900015 ER PT J AU Brown, S Chaney, R Angle, JS AF Brown, S Chaney, R Angle, JS TI Subsurface liming and metal movement in soils amended with lime-stabilized biosolids SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SLUDGE-TREATED SOILS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; FULVIC-ACID; MIXTURES; CALCIUM; CADMIUM; SURFACE; COPPER; NICKEL AB Samples to a depth of Im were taken from two long-term biosolids held studies, to examine metal and alkalinity movement. The studies, located at the University of Maryland research facility in Beltsville, MD, had received biosolids in 1976 to 1978. One study, on a Christiana fine sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, mesic Typic Paleudult) had used a variety of biosolids including Nu-Earth (a high-metals biosolids) applied at 50 and 100 Mg ha(-1) and limed-undigested, limed-digested, and limed-compost applied at 224 Mg ha(-1). The digested biosolids were also applied at 336 and 448 Mg ha(-1). The other study, on a Galestown sand (sandy, siliceous, mesic Psammentic Hapleudult), used limed-digested biosolids from the same treatment plant applied at 224 and 448 Mg ha(-1). For both rates of biosolid application, soil pH was raised to >7.0 throughout the examined depth for the Galestown plots. pH increases were most pronounced for the limed-undigested biosolids (224 Mg ha(-1)) on the Christiana plots, with soil pH significantly higher than for the calcareous control to 80 to 90 cm. Soil pH for this biosolids treatment remained >5 to the 80 to 90 cm depth, while soil pH fell below 5 at the 40 to 50 cm depth for the calcareous control treatment. Movement of Pb, Zn, and Cu was detected in the high pH Nu-Earth treatments, with a distinct increase being observed for all three metals below 80 cm. Copper movement from the lime-undigested biosolids was detected below 80 cm, and Zn movement also occurred for soils amended with the lime-undigested and lime-compost biosolids. For the Galestown plots, distinct movement of Zn, Pb, and Mn was detected to below 60 cm for the 448 Mg ha(-1) biosolids treatment. The observed movement of metal(s) and alkalinity may be linked to the formation of fulvic acid-metal complexes that become increasingly more soluble at elevated pH. Although statistically significant, movement of metals was limited and occurred only after high rates of biosolids had been applied. There is no indication that metal movement would occur in fields receiving agronomic rates of biosolids. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Brown, S (reprint author), ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,USDA,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 724 EP 732 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WZ349 UT WOS:A1997WZ34900025 ER PT J AU Ebbs, SD Kochian, LV AF Ebbs, SD Kochian, LV TI Toxicity of zinc and copper to Brassica species: Implications for phytoremediation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PLANTS; SOIL; DEFICIENCY; SELENIUM AB The toxicity of Zn and Cu in three species from the genus Brassica was examined to determine if these plants showed sufficient tolerance and metal accumulation to be used to phytoremediate a site contaminated with these two heavy metals. Hydroponically grown 12-d-old plants of Brassica juncea, B. rapa, and B. napus were grown for an additional 14 d in the presence of either elevated Zn (6.5 mg L-1), Cu (0.32 mg L-1), or Zn+Cu to quantify the toxic effects of these metals on several different growth parameters. With few exceptions, both root and shoot dry weight for all three species decreased significantly in the presence of heavy metals. Cu inhibited lateral root elongation in B. rapa, B. napus, and, to a lesser extent, B. juncea, while Zn tended to decrease only lateral root diameter. Both metals reduced shoot Fe and Mn concentrations in all three Brassica spp. to levels associated with Fe and Mn deficiencies. These deficiencies, however, did not correlate with observed patterns of leaf chlorosis. Nonetheless, heavy metal-induced inhibition of Fe and Mn accumulation may have been a significant factor in reducing plant growth. In terms of heavy metal removal, the Brassica spp. were more effective at removing Zn from the nutrient solution than Cu. The extent of Zn and Cu removal was reduced in the presence of both metals, as compared to the single heavy metal treatments. The implications of these results for phytoremediation are discussed. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Ebbs, Stephen/0000-0003-4042-9234 NR 20 TC 281 Z9 306 U1 19 U2 67 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 776 EP 781 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WZ349 UT WOS:A1997WZ34900033 ER PT J AU Shortle, WC Smith, KT Minocha, R Lawrence, GB David, MB AF Shortle, WC Smith, KT Minocha, R Lawrence, GB David, MB TI Acidic deposition, cation mobilization, and biochemical indicators of stress in healthy red spruce SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE DISTURBANCES; GROWTH DECLINE; FOREST-FLOOR; WOODY PLANT; ALUMINUM; CALCIUM; POLYAMINES; SOILS AB Dendrochemical and biochemical markers link stress in apparently healthy red spruce trees (Picea rubens) to acidic deposition. Acidic deposition to spruce forests of the northeastern USA increased sharply during the 1960s. Previous reports related visible damage of trees at high elevations to root and soil processes. In this report, dendrochemical and foliar biochemical markers indicate perturbations in biological processes in healthy red spruce trees across the northeastern USA. Previous research on the dendrochemistry of red spruce stemwood indicated that under uniform environmental conditions, stemwood concentrations of Ca and Mg decreased with increasing radial distance from the pith. For nine forest locations, frequency analysis shows that 28 and 52% of samples of red spruce stemwood formed in the 1960s are enriched in Ca and Mg, respectively, relative to wood formed prior to and after the 1960s. This enrichment in trees throughout the northeastern USA may be interpretable as a signal of increased availability of essential cations in forest soils. Such a temporary increase in the availability of Ca and Mg could be caused by cation mobilization, a consequence of increased acidic deposition. During cation mobilization, essential Ca and Mg as well as potentially harmful Al become more available for interaction with binding sites in the soil and absorbing roots. As conditions which favor cation mobilization continue, Ca and Mg can be leached or displaced from the soil. A measure of the interaction between Ca and Al is the Al/Ca binding ratio (molar charge ratio of exchangeable Al to exchangeable Ca). As the Al/Ca binding ratio in the root zone increased from 0.3 to 1.9, the foliar concentration of the biochemical stress marker putrescine also increased from 45 to 145 nm g(-1). The correlation of the putrescine concentration to the Al/Ca binding ratio (adj. r(2) = 0.68, P < 0.027) suggests that foliar stress may be linked to soil chemistry. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. US GEOL SURVEY,TROY,NY 12180. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 31 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 871 EP 876 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WZ349 UT WOS:A1997WZ34900045 ER PT J AU Baker, MD Vossbrinck, CR Becnel, JJ Maddox, JV AF Baker, MD Vossbrinck, CR Becnel, JJ Maddox, JV TI Phylogenetic position of Amblyospora Hazard & Oldacre (Microspora:Amblyosporidae) based on small subunit rRNA data and its implication for the evolution of the Microsporidia SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE life cycle; Nosema; parsimony; Thelohania ID NECATRIX KRAMER; DNA-SEQUENCES; TRANSMISSION; CONSTRUCTION; VAIRIMORPHA; MOSQUITO; PROTOZOA; ULTRASTRUCTURE; INTERMEDIATE; LEPIDOPTERA AB Sequences of the small subunit rRNA genes of Amblyospora californica and an Amblyospora sp. from Culex salinarius were determined. These sequences were compared phylogenetically with 16 other microsporidia. The results suggest Amblyospora forms a sister taxon to the rest of the microsporidia examined. The basal position of Amblyospora is discussed with respect to the evolution of microsporidian life cycles. These sequences represent the longest microsporidian small subunit rRNA genes sequenced to date, 1,359 and 1,358 bp, respectively. Structural features and GC content (49% for both) are comparable to those of other microsporidia which have been sequenced. C1 CONNECTICUT AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CTR ECON ENTOMOL,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. RP Baker, MD (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,410 FORBES,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. FU PHS HHS [1-R01-A1-36153-01] NR 31 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 44 IS 3 BP 220 EP 225 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05704.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XC317 UT WOS:A1997XC31700009 PM 9183710 ER PT J AU Kinraide, TB AF Kinraide, TB TI Reconsidering the rhizotoxicity of hydroxyl, sulphate, and fluoride complexes of aluminium SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE aluminium; aluminium fluoride; root; sulphate; sulphate toxicity ID PHYTOTOXICITY; TOXICITY; CATIONS; SULFATE AB Recent years have witnessed some convergence of opinion regarding the identity of the rhizotoxic species of aluminium, AlO4Al12(OH)(24)(H2O)(12)(7+) (Al-13) and Al3+ are almost certainly toxic, but no rhizotoxicity has been detected for Al-SO4 (AlSO4+ and Al(SO4)(2)(-)) or Al-F (e.g. AlF2+ and AlF2+). The status of Al-OH (e.g. AlOH2+ and Al(OH)(2)(+)) is uncertain because experimental results often appear to indicate Al-OH toxicity, In this article it is argued that this appearance of toxicity is the consequence of the relief of Al3+ toxicity by H+ (and vice versa), Furthermore, this view provides an explanation for phenomena, such as Al stimulation of growth, unexplained by the hypothesis that Al-OH is toxic, It is concluded, therefore, that Al-OH is not toxic at achievable activities, The previous failure to detect toxicity from Al-SO4 and Al-F also may have been a consequence of the low activities used in the experiments. New experiments again failed to reveal a toxicity for Al-SO4, but do indicate that AlF2+ and AlF2+ are toxic, Several alternative hypotheses for the apparent toxicity of Al-F were considered and rejected, Consequently, this report concludes that the following Al species are toxic to wheat roots in the following order: Al-13 > Al3+ > AlF2+ > AlF2+. The correlation between toxicity and charge is discussed in light of the fact that the binding strength of cations to plasma membrane surfaces generally increases with charge. RP Kinraide, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BEAVER,WV 25813, USA. NR 33 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 48 IS 310 BP 1115 EP 1124 DI 10.1093/jxb/48.5.1115 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XK019 UT WOS:A1997XK01900014 ER PT J AU Parris, N Dickey, LC Kurantz, MJ Moten, RO Craig, JC AF Parris, N Dickey, LC Kurantz, MJ Moten, RO Craig, JC TI Water vapor permeability and solubility of zein/starch hydrophilic films prepared from dry milled corn extract SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID EDIBLE FILMS; ZEIN; PROTEIN; WHEAT AB Zein films containing different levels of starch were prepared from extracts of dry milled corn which had been previously rinsed in a hydrocyclone to improve the extractability of the zein as well as film formation. Zein was isolated from the rinsed dry milled corn by extraction with 70% (v/v) ethanol. Comparison of RP-HPLC profiles indicated the presence of beta- and gamma-zeins in the extracted isolate which were not found in commercial zein. Water vapor barrier properties of the glycerine-plasticized films prepared from extracted zein isolates, containing approximately 8% starch, were comparable to films prepared from commercial zein. Water resistance of zein isolate films decreased with increasing starch content. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. RP Parris, N (reprint author), ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0260-8774(97)00015-0 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA XY243 UT WOS:A1997XY24300006 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Holsinger, VH AF Onwulata, CI Holsinger, VH TI Viscosity and microwave cooking properties of sugar/milkfat composites SO JOURNAL OF FOOD LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID FLOW BEHAVIOR; RHEOLOGY; FOODS; GELS; CHOCOLATE; SUCROSE AB Sugar-milkfat composites with syrup consistency were prepared from sucrose, maltose or high-fructose corn syrup and butteroil (20 to 40%). The components were homogenized at 40% solids and evaporated under vacuum at 60C for 60 min leading to the formation of syrup composites with ordered structures. The viscous behavior of the syrups was described by a power law model. Flow behavior indices (0.3 to 0.9) indicated mostly pseudoplasticity, with Arrhenius-type response in consistency and flow behavior index. The sugar/butteroil composites could be microwaved to <20% moisture in approximately 60 s, producing toffee-like candies of varying color and consistency. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 1065-7258 J9 J FOOD LIPIDS JI J. Food Lipids PD MAY PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4522.1997.tb00079.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA XC815 UT WOS:A1997XC81500004 ER PT J AU Hancock, DD Rice, DH Thomas, LA Dargatz, DA Besser, TE AF Hancock, DD Rice, DH Thomas, LA Dargatz, DA Besser, TE TI Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlot cattle SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE E-coli O157; feedlot; cattle; epidemiology ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; WASHINGTON-STATE; KING-COUNTY; DNA PROBES; DAIRY; HYBRIDIZATION; INFECTIONS; PATHOGEN AB Fecal samples from cattle in 100 feedlots in 13 states were bacteriologically cultured for Escherichia coli O157 that did not ferment sorbitol, lacked beta-glucuronidase. and possessed genes coding for Shiga-like toxin. In each feedlot 30 fresh fecal-pat samples were collected from each of four pens: with the cattle shortest on feed, with cattle longest on feed, and with cattle in two randomly selected pens. E. coli O157 was isolated from 210(1.8%) of 11.881 fecal samples. One or more samples were positive for E. coli O157 in 63 of the 100 feedlots tested, E. coli O157 was found at roughly equal prevalence in all the geographical regions sampled. The prevalence of E. coli O157 in the pens with cattle shortest on feed was approximately threefold higher than for randomly selected and longest on feed pens. Of the E. coli O157 isolates found in this study, 89.52% expressed the H7 flagellar antigen. E. coli O157 was found to be widely distributed among feedlot cattle, but at a low prevalence, in the United States. C1 USDA, NATL VET SERV LABS, AMES, IA 50010 USA. USDA, CTR EPIDEMIOL, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. USDA, CTR ANIM HLTH, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RP Hancock, DD (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, FIELD DIS INVEST UNIT, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 18 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 60 IS 5 BP 462 EP 465 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XA475 UT WOS:A1997XA47500001 ER PT J AU Dargatz, DA Wells, SJ Thomas, LA Hancock, DD Garber, LP AF Dargatz, DA Wells, SJ Thomas, LA Hancock, DD Garber, LP TI Factors associated with the presence of Escherichia coli O157 in feces of feedlot cattle SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157; risk factors; shedding; feedlot; cattle ID DAIRY; PREVALENCE; OUTBREAK; 0157-H7; BEEF AB Fecal samples were collected from pens of cattle in a total of 100 feedlots in 13 states. Fecal samples were cultured for Escherichia coli O157. E. coli O157 isolates were probed for the genetic coding for verotoxin production. At the time of sample collection, data were collected on the type of cattle present in the pen, as well as the length of time these cattle were in the feedlot, ingredients for the current ration. and cattle health history since arriving in the feedlot. Factors associated with increased likelihood of a pen being positive (one or more samples probe-positive for E. coli O157) included feeding of barley (odds ratio [OR] = 2.75) and cattle being on feed less than 20 days (OR = 3.39). Factors associated with a reduced likelihood of a pen being positive included feeding soy meal (OR = 0.50), a cattle entry weight of at least 700 lb (ca. 317.5 kg) (OR = 0.54), and at least 85% of the cattle in the pen brine beef-type heifers (OR = .33). C1 USDA, APHIS, VET SERV, CTR ANIM HLTH, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, VET SERV, NATL VET SERV LABS, AMES, IA 50010 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, COLL VET MED, FIELD DIS INVEST UNIT, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RP Dargatz, DA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VET SERV, CTR EPIDEMIOL, 555 S HOWES, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. NR 15 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 60 IS 5 BP 466 EP 470 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XA475 UT WOS:A1997XA47500002 ER PT J AU Venkitanarayanan, KS Faustman, C Hoagland, T Berry, BW AF Venkitanarayanan, KS Faustman, C Hoagland, T Berry, BW TI Estimation of spoilage bacterial load on meat by fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis or resazurin reduction SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE meat spoilage; bacterial load; Resazurin reduction; FDA hydrolysis AB Resazurin reduction time (RR), fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA), and aerobic plate count (APC) were monitored in aerobically packaged beef steaks stored at 4 degrees C. FDA hydrolysis increased, while RR decreased with increased APC. As bacterial load increased from ca. 10(2) CFU/cm(2) to 10(8) CFU/cm(2), FDA activity (A(490)) increased from 0.1 to 0.6 units and RR decreased from 22 hr to < 1 hr. Linear regression performed between APC and RR, and APC and FDA revealed r-values of 0.94 (P < 0.001) and 0.92 (P < 0.001), respectively. Results indicated that RR and FDA could be used as rapid methods to estimate spoilage bacterial load in aerobically stored meat. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT ANIM SCI,STORRS,CT 06269. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Faustman, Cameron/0000-0002-8061-5907 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 62 IS 3 BP 601 EP 604 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb04440.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA XD362 UT WOS:A1997XD36200039 ER PT J AU Liebhold, AM Gottschalk, KW Mason, DA Bush, RR AF Liebhold, AM Gottschalk, KW Mason, DA Bush, RR TI Forest susceptibility to the gypsy moth SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID DEFOLIATION C1 US FOREST SERV, USDA, FOREST MANAGEMENT SERV CTR, FT COLLINS, CO USA. RP Liebhold, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA, 180 CANFIELD ST, MORGANTOWN, WV 26505 USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WW552 UT WOS:A1997WW55200006 ER PT J AU Selin, SW Schuett, MA Carr, DS AF Selin, SW Schuett, MA Carr, DS TI Has collaborative planning taken root in the National Forests? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 SW TEXAS STATE UNIV,DEPT HLTH PHYS EDUC & RECREAT,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666. US FOREST SERV,USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI. RP Selin, SW (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,BOX 6125,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 7 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WW552 UT WOS:A1997WW55200007 ER PT J AU Walker, AM Funch, DP Bianchi, L Blot, WJ AF Walker, AM Funch, DP Bianchi, L Blot, WJ TI Shop order fracture rate as a risk factor for strut fracture in Bjork-Shiley CC60 degrees heart valves SO JOURNAL OF HEART VALVE DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL FAILURE AB Background and aims of the study: Previous studies have implicated a number of characteristics that predict strut fracture in Bjork-Shiley convexo-concave heart valves, including valve size and position, opening angle, and weld date. This study examines whether the specific batch (shop order) with which a valve is associated during manufacture is related to the risk of fracture. Material and methods: Our case-control study of CC60 degrees valves obtained detailed information on the manufacturing characteristics of 147 case and 1094 control valves used. Shop order fracture rate for each valve (percentage of other valves in the same shop order with a fracture) was obtained from the research database maintained by the valve manufacturer. Results: Shop order was associated with fracture risk. Valves originating from shop orders with the highest two categories of fracture rate were at approximately twice the risk of fracture as other valves, after accounting for the effect of known risk factors. Conclusions: Shop order information may provide additional data for assessing the likelihood of valve fracture in individuals being considered for prophylactic explant of heart valves. C1 EPIDEMIOL RESOURCES INC,NEWTON LOWER FALLS,MA. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. INT EPIDEMIOL INST LTD,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU I C R PUBLISHERS PI NORTHWOOD PA CRISPIN HOUSE, 12/A SOUTH APPROACH, MOOR PARK, NORTHWOOD, ENGLAND HA6 2ET SN 0966-8519 J9 J HEART VALVE DIS JI J. Heart Valve Dis. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 264 EP 267 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XA020 UT WOS:A1997XA02000008 PM 9183725 ER PT J AU Klindworth, DL Klindworth, MM Williams, ND AF Klindworth, DL Klindworth, MM Williams, ND TI Telosomic mapping of four genetic markers in durum wheat SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID TETRAPLOID WHEAT; SUPERNUMERARY RP Klindworth, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 88 IS 3 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XC319 UT WOS:A1997XC31900010 ER PT J AU Havey, MJ AF Havey, MJ TI Predominant paternal transmission of the mitochondrial genome in cucumber SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID OXIDASE SUBUNIT-I; CHLOROPLAST DNA; MATERNAL INHERITANCE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BIPARENTAL INHERITANCE; PLASTID INHERITANCE; MAIZE MITOCHONDRIA; GENE; CHLAMYDOMONAS; EVOLUTIONARY RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 47 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 88 IS 3 BP 232 EP 235 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XC319 UT WOS:A1997XC31900011 ER PT J AU McDonald, RE Greany, PD Shaw, PE McCollum, TG AF McDonald, RE Greany, PD Shaw, PE McCollum, TG TI Preharvest applications of gibberellic acid delay senescence of Florida grapefruit SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY; LIMONIN; CITRUS AB Peel senescence of 'Marsh' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) was reduced by gibberellic acid (GA) treatment at three production sites in Florida as indicated by resistance to puncture and the retention of green colour. Applications of GA at 49 g ha(-1) plus 0.05% Silwet L-77 were equivalent to 25 g ha(-1) plus 0.1% Silwet L-77. GA at 49 g ha(-1) plus 0.05% Silwet L-77 was more effective than the maximum label amount of GA (145 g ha(-1)) without surfactant. GA applications just prior to colourbreak in August and September were found to be most effective. GA treatments increased peel oil compared with controls, but did not affect fruit quality. Chlorophyll and carotene concentrations in October and November were higher in GA-treated fruit than fruit harvested in the remainder of the season. In contrast, there was only a small effect of GA on time to degreen fruit. Leaf drop was accelerated by GA treatment, but was not different from controls at the end of season in two of the three sites tested. The data suggest that GA efficacy is not dependent on application method, but on spray volume and GA dose. Grapefruit susceptibility to fruit fly attack is correlated with peel colour, firmness and oil content, and GA enhances these attributes. C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. USDA ARS,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883. RP McDonald, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN24 8HH SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI JI J. Horticult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 72 IS 3 BP 461 EP 468 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XB503 UT WOS:A1997XB50300014 ER PT J AU Corradini, C Melone, F Smith, RE AF Corradini, C Melone, F Smith, RE TI A unified model for infiltration and redistribution during complex rainfall patterns SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AREALLY HETEROGENEOUS FIELDS; UNSATURATED FLOW EQUATIONS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE AB A relatively simple conceptual model for infiltration during complex rainfall sequences is presented. It is a reformulation of an analytically derived model developed earlier by Smith et al. (1993) [Water Resour. Res., 29(1): 133-144] and Corradini et al. (1994) [Water Resour. Res., 30(10): 2777-2784] in a more homogeneous version suitable for hydrologic applications. The model relies on a single ordinary differential equation through which successive cycles of infiltration-redistribution can be described. The wetting profile, theta(z), is described by a single similarity curve which is stretched in both z and a dimensions in accordance with the curve area, I, representing infiltrated water. The actual profile of soil water content after rewetting may be compound, composed two parts, each part represented by a similarity profile shape which evolves in time. The model is calibrated using a silty loam soil and is then tested on a variety of soils, from fine-textured to sandy loam soil types, by comparison with a numerical solution of the Richards equation. Like the earlier formulation, the model simulates infiltration rate particularly well, and the greater simplicity of this model sacrifices very little accuracy of the earlier, more complex model. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CNR,IST RIC PROTEZ IDROGEOL,I-06128 PERUGIA,ITALY. COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA,AGR RES SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Corradini, C (reprint author), UNIV PERUGIA,IST IDRAUL,FAC INGN,S LUCIA,I-06125 PERUGIA,ITALY. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009; Corradini, Corrado/K-2066-2013; OI Corradini, Corrado/0000-0002-7297-6665 NR 19 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 192 IS 1-4 BP 104 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03110-1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA XH248 UT WOS:A1997XH24800007 ER PT J AU Gause, WC Chen, SJ Greenwald, RJ Halvorson, MJ Zhou, XD Morris, SC Lee, KP June, CH Finkelman, FD Urban, JF Abe, R AF Gause, WC Chen, SJ Greenwald, RJ Halvorson, MJ Zhou, XD Morris, SC Lee, KP June, CH Finkelman, FD Urban, JF Abe, R TI CD28 dependence of T cell differentiation to IL-4 production varies with the particular type 2 immune response SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; LYMPHOCYTES-T; CD28-DEFICIENT MICE; ISOTYPE SELECTION; ACTIVATION; HELPER; CTLA-4; NAIVE; INDUCTION AB T cell differentiation to effector cell function is required for the development of a type 2 immune response. The T cell surface molecule, CD28, is widely considered to be the principal costimulatory molecule involved in T cell differentiation to effector function, including IL-4 production, although this has been difficult to directly examine in vivo. We have studied in vivo differentiation to T cell effector function during two type 2 immune responses in CD28 knockout mice: the systemic immune response to goat anti-mouse IgD Ab and the mucosal immune response following oral inoculation with the nematode parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Our results show that in C57BL/6 CD28 knockout mice elevations in IL-4 gene expression and protein secretion are blocked during the immune response to goat anti-mouse IgD, and associated increases in serum IgG1 and IgE are also inhibited to untreated control levels. In marked contrast, T cell differentiation to IL-4 production is comparable in C57BL/6 CD28 -/- and CD28 +/+ H. polygyrus-inoculated mice, and elevations in both serum IgG1 and IgE levels occur. These results indicate that the specific kind of type 2 immune response determines whether T cell differentiation to IL-4 production is CD28 dependent. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT MED,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. USN,MED RES INST,IMMUNE CELL BIOL PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889. ARS,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. SCI UNIV TOKYO,BIOL SCI RES INST,CHIBA,JAPAN. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31678] NR 42 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 158 IS 9 BP 4082 EP 4087 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA WV761 UT WOS:A1997WV76100009 PM 9126966 ER PT J AU Greenwald, RJ Lu, P Halvorson, MJ Zhou, XD Chen, SJ Madden, KB Perrin, PJ Morris, SC Finkelman, FD Peach, R Linsley, PS Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Greenwald, RJ Lu, P Halvorson, MJ Zhou, XD Chen, SJ Madden, KB Perrin, PJ Morris, SC Finkelman, FD Peach, R Linsley, PS Urban, JF Gause, WC TI Effects of blocking B7-1 and B7-2 interactions during a type 2 in vivo immune response SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; COSTIMULATORY SIGNALS; AUTOCRINE GROWTH; IN-VITRO; CTLA-4; IL-4; DISTINCT; ANTIBODY AB The costimulatory signal provided to T cells through CD28/CTLA-4 interactions is required for in vivo Th cell effector function associated with cytokine production. However, it is uncertain whether the two well-characterized ligands for these molecules, B7-1 and B7-2, differentially influence the consequent development of a type 1 or a type 2 primary response. We have examined the in vivo effects of blocking B7-1 and/or B7-2 ligand interactions on the type 2 mucosal immune response that follows oral infection of mice with the nematode parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Administration of the combination of anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 Abs inhibited H. polygyrus-induced increases in serum IgG1 and IgE levels, the expansion of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) germinal centers, in situ CD4(+) T cell expansion, elevated blood eosinophils, and increased intestinal mucosal mast cells. Similarly, both Abs blocked MLN and Peyer's patch cytokine gene expression and elevations in MLN T cell-derived IL-4 protein secretion. However, in the same experiments, administration of either anti-B7-1 or anti-B7-2 Abs alone had little effect on any of these parameters, T cell and B cell activation was also blocked by the combination of anti-B7-2 and a B7-1-specific mutant Y100F CTLA-4Ig construct. These results suggest that to the extent that anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 mAbs block B7 interactions, either B7-1 or B7-2 ligand interactions can provide the required costimulatory signals that lead to T cell effector function during a type 2 in vivo immune response. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT MED,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB PHARMACEUT RES INST,DEPT IMMUNOMODULAT,SEATTLE,WA 98121. ARS,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31678] NR 40 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 158 IS 9 BP 4088 EP 4096 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA WV761 UT WOS:A1997WV76100010 PM 9126967 ER PT J AU Choi, WY Nam, HW Kwak, NH Huh, W Kim, YR Kang, MW Cho, SY Dubey, JP AF Choi, WY Nam, HW Kwak, NH Huh, W Kim, YR Kang, MW Cho, SY Dubey, JP TI Foodborne outbreaks of human toxoplasmosis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AGGLUTINATION-TEST; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Two outbreaks of acute toxoplasmosis involving 8 adult patients in Korea were linked to eating uncooked pork, In the first outbreak, 3 patients developed unilateral chorioretinitis within 3 months of eating a meal consisting of raw spleen and liver of a wild pig, in the second outbreak, 5 of 11 soldiers who ate a meal consisting of raw liver of a domestic pig developed lymphadenopathy, All 8 patients had high levels of IgG Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (greater than or equal to 1:1024) in the Sabin-Feldman dye test, modified agglutination test incorporating mercaptoethanol, and latex agglutination test. T. gondii IgM antibodies persisted in these patients for several months. Most patients had a favorable response to anti-T. gondii chemotherapy with pyrimethamine and sulfanomides. C1 USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CATHOLIC UNIV KOREA,SCH MED,DEPT PARASITOL,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. CATHOLIC UNIV KOREA,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. CATHOLIC UNIV KOREA,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. RI Cho, Seung Yull/G-5517-2011 OI Cho, Seung Yull/0000-0002-7579-8120 NR 15 TC 116 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 175 IS 5 BP 1280 EP 1282 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WW726 UT WOS:A1997WW72600043 PM 9129105 ER PT J AU Broadhurst, CL Schmidt, WF Reeves, JB Polansky, MM Gautschi, K Anderson, RA AF Broadhurst, CL Schmidt, WF Reeves, JB Polansky, MM Gautschi, K Anderson, RA TI Characterization and structure by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and molecular modeling of chromium(III) picolinate and nicotinate complexes utilized for nutritional supplementation SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; ACID COMPLEXES AB Chromium picolinate (CrPic) and chromium nicotinate preparations (CrNic1, CrNic2, CrNic3) were investigated with H-1 and C-13 NMR, FTIR, and molecular modeling. CrPic is crystalline and bidentately coordinated. Cr-PicA bonding broadens the NMR signal or shifts it so far downfield that is not detectable. All CrNic preparations are noncrystalline, and results provide no evidence that nicotinic acid (NicA) is O-coordinated to Cr. The complex colors may be due to O-coordination with H2O and/or OH, not NicA. H-1 NMR spectra of CrNic1 have two sets of peaks. One set has a significant delta with respect to NicA, indicating that NicA is more strongly associated with Cr. CrNic1 C-13 data show small, uniform delta with respect to NicA, indicating that strong localized Cr-COOH bonding is unlikely. The magnitude of delta, C-13, and H-1 exchange data suggests that limited Cr-N bonding may occur in CrNic1. CrNic2 and CrNic3 show little difference from NicA spectra. FTIR spectra of all CrNic complexes, but not CrPic, PicA, or NicA, show bound OH and/or H2O. CrNic complexes are probably elates, with Cr and NicA OH-polymerized. CrPic exchanges with CrNic1 in DMSO. This exchange may provide a mechanism for the absorption and active transport of Cr in biological systems. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUCL MAGNET RESONANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV ZURICH HOSP,INST CLIN CHEM,CH-8091 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP Broadhurst, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTR REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BHNRC,BLDG 307,RM 224,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 66 IS 2 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(96)00192-4 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WT460 UT WOS:A1997WT46000006 ER PT J AU Rose, USR Alborn, HT Makranczy, G Lewis, WJ Tumlinson, JH AF Rose, USR Alborn, HT Makranczy, G Lewis, WJ Tumlinson, JH TI Host recognition by the specialist endoparasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Role of host- and plant-related volatiles SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Microplitis croceipes; Helicoverpa zea; parasitoid; volatile infochemicals; host frass; host-searching behavior ID DEMOLITOR WILKINSON HYMENOPTERA; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; FLIGHT CHAMBER RESPONSES; AIRBORNE SEMIOCHEMICALS; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS; CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS; PARASITIC WASPS; BEHAVIOR; CRESSON AB The specialist parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson can parasitize only noctuid larvae in the genera Helicoverpa and Heliothis. To be successful in their search for hosts, the ability to distinguish hosts from nonhosts feeding on the same plant is beneficial. In flight tunnel experiments, we found that prior to landing on the odor source M. croceipes were able to distinguish volatiles released from frass of host larvae (Helicoverpa tea Poddle) and nonhost larvae (Spodoptera exigua Hubner and Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) fed on cotton. However, an initial contact experience with frass of cotton-fed host larvae appeared to be critical for this ability. Wasps that had antennated frass of host larvae fed pinto bean diet were equally attracted to frass of host and nonhost larvae fed on pinto bean diet. In short-range walking experiments, wasps located cotton-fed host larvae faster than diet-fed larvae, regardless of their experience. Wasps that had antennated frass of cotton-fed host larvae were less attracted to cotton-fed nonhost larvae, compared to host larvae, and preferred to sting host larvae. Plant-related volatiles in host frass and larvae appear to play a major role in the successful location of host larvae. C1 USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 41 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 10 IS 3 BP 313 EP 330 DI 10.1007/BF02765600 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XJ854 UT WOS:A1997XJ85400001 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME Wolfe, GR Hendrix, DL AF Salvucci, ME Wolfe, GR Hendrix, DL TI Effect of sucrose concentration on carbohydrate metabolism in Bemisia argentifolii: Biochemical mechanism and physiological role for trehalulose synthesis in the silverleaf whitefly SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; whitefly; carbohydrate metabolism; trehalulose ID APHID ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; PHLOEM SAP; HONEYDEW; TABACI; HOMOPTERA; COTTON; SUGAR; ISOMALTULOSE; PROTEIN AB Uptake and metabolism of sucrose by adult silverleaf whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii) were investigated on defined diets containing sucrose concentrations from 3 to 30% (w/v), At an optimal pH of 7, the volume of liquid ingested decreased with increasing dietary sucrose concentration, but the amount of sucrose ingested showed a net increase, Above a dietary sucrose concentration of about 10%, a greater amount of the ingested carbon was excreted by the whiteflies than was retained, and the proportion that was excreted increased progressively with increasing dietary sucrose concentration, Carbohydrate analysis showed that the composition of excreted honeydew changed from predominantly glucose and fructose at low dietary sucrose concentrations to predominantly trehalulose at high concentrations, with little change in the proportion of larger oligosaccharides. Measurements of whitefly trehalulose synthase and sucrase activities revealed that the enzymatic potential for metabolizing sucrose shifted from favoring sucrose hydrolysis at low sucrose concentrations to sucrose isomerization at high sucrose concentrations, Thus, the amount of trehalulose synthesized by the silverleaf whitefly was directly related to the properties of trehalulose synthase and sucrase and the concentration of sucrose in the diet, We propose that trehalulose is synthesized for excretion when the carbon input from sucrose is in excess of metabolic needs. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 43 IS 5 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(96)00124-2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA WW756 UT WOS:A1997WW75600005 ER PT J AU Pingel, RL Lewis, LC AF Pingel, RL Lewis, LC TI Field persistence of a multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus of the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera, on sweet corn silks SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anagrapha falcifera; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; persistence; starch encapsulation ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; LEPIDOPTERA; SUNLIGHT C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS & CROP GENET RES UNIT,GENET LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Pingel, RL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 69 IS 3 BP 282 EP 284 DI 10.1006/jipa.1997.4662 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA WZ209 UT WOS:A1997WZ20900013 ER PT J AU Guitjens, JC Ayars, JE Grismer, ME Willardson, LS AF Guitjens, JC Ayars, JE Grismer, ME Willardson, LS TI Drainage design for water quality management: Overview SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SOLUTE MOVEMENT; SALINE WATER; IRRIGATION; CALIFORNIA; LATERALS; MOBILITY; MODEL AB Drainage design for water quality management in irrigated areas requires use of hydrodynamic models that delineate flow paths of subsurface water moving to drains. Use of only traditional drainage design equations for protection against water logging and salinization are inadequate for water quality management; these equations should be coupled with mechanistic models that account for transport and chemical changes in the vadose and saturated zones that replace those associated with a leaching fraction, or requirement concepts. Drainage designs should now make use of hydrodynamic and chemical models that simulate flow and transport of water and chemical constituents from infiltration to drainage discharge. Management should be able to manipulate the models prior to implementing steps aimed at controlling the quantity and quality of drainage discharge. C1 USDA ARS,FRESNO,CA 93727. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & IRRIGAT ENGN,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP Guitjens, JC (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT ENVIRONM & RESOURCE SCI,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 123 IS 3 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1997)123:3(148) PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA XA702 UT WOS:A1997XA70200002 ER PT J AU Ayars, JE Grismer, ME Guitjens, JC AF Ayars, JE Grismer, ME Guitjens, JC TI Water quality as design criterion in drainage water management systems SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATION AB In the past, irrigation and drainage systems were designed and managed as separate entities. As water supplies become scarce and environmental restrictions increase, there will be a demand for the integrated design and management of irrigation and drainage systems. This type of system will make optimum use of existing water supplies and should reduce the impact of return how on the environment. Modifications in current drainage design practice are presented that will facilitate integrated management. Recommended modifications include changing the design minimum water table depth from 1.2 to 0.9 m and the depth of drains from 2.4 to 1.5 m. These changes, coupled with either improved irrigation management or the incorporation of crop water use from shallow ground water, will result in approximately the same drain spacings as calculated using the USER transient design procedure. Adopting the new drain depth criterion should result in less drain water and lower salt loads being discharged. These concepts were demonstrated with simulations using a drainage system designed for a cotton crop growing in the presence of shallow ground water. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,HYDRO SCI PROGRAM,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT ENVIRONM & RESOURCE SCI,RENO,NV 89512. RP Ayars, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 123 IS 3 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1997)123:3(154) PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA XA702 UT WOS:A1997XA70200003 ER PT J AU Nicholson, MC Bowyer, RT Kie, JG AF Nicholson, MC Bowyer, RT Kie, JG TI Habitat selection and survival of mule deer: Tradeoffs associated with migration SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Odocoileus hemionus; mule deer; migration; habitat selection; home range; tradeoffs; survival; southern California ID BLACK-TAILED DEER; HOME-RANGE SIZE; ENERGY EXPENDITURES; PLANT PHENOLOGY; MOVEMENTS; MOOSE; PATTERNS; SUMMER; LOCOMOTION; STRATEGIES AB We examined tradeoffs related to migration in a population of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in southern California from 1989 to 1991. All male deer that we radiocollared were migratory, whereas females exhibited a mixed strategy with both migrant and resident individuals. Increased movements of deer were associated with decreased temperatures and increased weekly precipitation. No differences within seasons in the sizes of home ranges occurred for either migrant or resident deer. The size of home ranges of deer, however, was smaller in summer than in winter. Sizes of home ranges were associated positively with proximity to human development and to the amount of avoided (use was less than availability) habitat in the home range. Deer avoided human developments; in all seasons. Further, males and resident females used areas farther from water in summer than expected by chance, whereas migratory females selected areas nearer to water. In summer, migratory females selected meadows, riparian habitats, and pine forests, whereas resident females avoided riparian habitats and used pine forests less than did migratory females. Migratory males used habitats in a way similar to migratory females, although they avoided meadows and riparian areas. Clear tradeoffs existed for deer in montane southern California about whether they migrated. Migratory females were farther from human disturbance and used habitats of high quality more often than did nonmigratory conspecifics. Nonetheless, deer were at increased risk of predation during migration and, in years of low precipitation. (low snow), had higher rates of mortality than did resident deer. Thus, in areas with extremely variable precipitation and snow cover, a mixed strategy for migration can be maintained in populations of mule deer. C1 UNIV ALASKA, INST ARCTIC BIOL, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA. UNIV ALASKA, DEPT BIOL & WILDLIFE, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA. US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW RES STN, FRESNO, CA 93710 USA. NR 82 TC 140 Z9 144 U1 10 U2 68 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 78 IS 2 BP 483 EP 504 DI 10.2307/1382900 PG 22 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XB316 UT WOS:A1997XB31600020 ER PT J AU Oyarzabal, OA Wesley, IV Barbaree, JM Lauerman, LH Conner, DE AF Oyarzabal, OA Wesley, IV Barbaree, JM Lauerman, LH Conner, DE TI Specific detection of Campylobacter lari by PCR SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter lari; PCR; 16S rDNA ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; NALIDIXIC-ACID; JEJUNI; IDENTIFICATION; COLI; AMPLIFICATION; PREVALENCE; ANIMALS; SYSTEM AB Campylobacter lari is a bacterium associated infrequently with human enteritis. Its differentiation from C. jejuni and C. coli relies on a few biochemical tests whose efficacy is highly questioned; therefore, the incidence and transmission of this pathogen has not been well studied. Two novel oligonucleotide primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that specifically amplify a 579-bp segment of the 16S rRNA gene of C. lari under optimized conditions were designed. No PCR product was detected when DNA from other strains of Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Helicobacter, Escherichia, Salmonella or Listeria was used as templates. Fast identification of C. lari through the present technique may aid the understanding of its incidence and epidemiology. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,AUBURN,AL 36849. ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. CS ROBERTS VET DIAGNOST LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. OI Oyarzabal, Omar/0000-0002-7863-2767 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(97)00029-8 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA XM163 UT WOS:A1997XM16300004 ER PT J AU Dudley, MA Wykes, L Dudley, AW Fiorotto, M Burrin, DG Rosenberger, J Jahoor, F Reeds, PJ AF Dudley, MA Wykes, L Dudley, AW Fiorotto, M Burrin, DG Rosenberger, J Jahoor, F Reeds, PJ TI Lactase phlorizin hydrolase synthesis is decreased in protein-malnourished pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE intestinal brush border; lactase phlorizin hydrolase; protein malnutrition; mRNA; pigs ID RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; MESSENGER-RNA; MICROVILLAR PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; INVIVO; DEPRIVATION; STARVATION; TURNOVER AB We have examined the effect of protein malnutrition on brush border (BE) lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) synthesis in young pigs, Two groups of four 3-wk-old pigs were fed diets containing either 19 g soy protein, 63 g carbohydrate and 5 g fat per 100 g diet (a protein-sufficient diet) or 3 g soy protein, 85 g carbohydrate and 5 g fat per 100 g diet (a protein-deficient diet). After 8 wk of consuming the diets, pigs were infused intravenously with H-2(3)-leucine for 8 h, then killed. The jejunum was collected for measurement of lactase activity, LPH mRNA abundance and the rate of LPH post-translational synthesis. Lactase activities did not differ between groups (mean 8.1 +/- 1.2 mu mol.min(-1).g mucosa(-1)). LPH mRNA abundance relative to elongation factor-1 alpha mRNA (the constitutive/reference mRNA) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in well-nourished pigs (0.36 +/- 0.03%) than in protein-malnourished pigs (0.21 +/- 0.02%), The rate constants of BE LPH post-translational synthesis were also significantly higher in the well-nourished (103 +/- 9%.d(-1)) than in the protein-malnourished pigs (66 +/- 8%.d(-1)). Further, the absolute synthesis rate of BE LPH, a measure of the amount of enzyme synthesized per gram of tissue, was significantly higher in well-nourished than in protein-malnourished pigs (in arbitrary units, 892 +/- 90 vs. 450 +/- 34, respectively), Thus, protein malnutrition affects both LPH mRNA abundance and post-translational processing in young pigs. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. MCGILL UNIV,SCH DIETET & HUMAN NUTR,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T5,CANADA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,PATHOL & LAB MED SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP Dudley, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 127 IS 5 BP 687 EP 693 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WZ573 UT WOS:A1997WZ57300005 PM 9164987 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG AF Burrin, DG TI Is milk-borne insulin-like growth factor-I essential for neonatal development? SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bioactive Components in Milk and Development of the Neonate: Does Their Absence Make a Difference? given at Experimental Biology 96 CY APR 17, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Int Soc Res Human Milk & Lactat DE insulin-like growth factors; neonates; pigs; intestinal; development ID FACTOR-BINDING-PROTEINS; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; 1ST 24 H; IGF-I; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; SUCKLING RATS; RECEPTORS; LACTATION; PIGS; PROLIFERATION AB Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a polypeptide growth factor found in milk, is hypothesized to play a functional role in the growth and development of neonates, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, Considerable evidence, based on direct tracer studies with I-125-labeled IGF-I and measurements of circulating IGF-I concentrations in neonatal animals fed a range of IGF-I doses, indicates that the intestinal absorption of IGF-I and the possible effect on metabolism and somatic growth are negligible. However, studies in neonatal animals indicate that oral administration of pharmacological doses of IGF-I increases small intestinal mucosal growth, whereas oral IGF-I provided within the physiological range may enhance the development of intestinal lactase. Therefore, clinical trials exploring the therapeutic use of oral IGF-I as an intervention for preterm neonates and those with compromised intestinal function seem warranted. However, milk-borne IGF-I may not be essential for normal healthy infants, perhaps because endogenous IGF-I provides a sufficient stimulus for maintenance of gastrointestinal structure and function. Future studies should explore the significance of endogenous IGF-I and whether milkborne IGF-I may be important under pathological conditions in which the endogenous IGF-I production may be compromised. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA,AGR RES SERV,CHILRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 47 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 127 SU 5 BP S975 EP S979 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WZ923 UT WOS:A1997WZ92300043 PM 9164277 ER PT J AU Buxton, DR Redfearn, DD AF Buxton, DR Redfearn, DD TI Plant limitations to fiber digestion and utilization SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Ruminant Nutrition Conference on New Developments in Forage Science Contributing to Enhanced Fiber Utilization by Ruminants at Experimental Biology 96 CY APR 14, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE energy availability; digestible fiber; lignin; cell wall; structural barriers ID LEAF BLADES; CELL-WALLS; DIGESTIBILITY; FORAGE; DEGRADATION AB Energy availability from forages is limited by fiber concentration because fiber is slowly and incompletely digested, whereas cell solubles are almost completely digested. Thus, the proportion of fiber to cell solubles is a major determinant of energy availability in forages. Grasses normally have more fiber than legumes, especially in leaves. Grass fiber is more digestible than that of legumes, but that of legumes digests at a faster rate. Ruminants digest 40-50% of legume fiber and 60-70% of grass fiber. Some fiber cannot be digested no matter how long it remains in the rumen. Lignin is thought to interfere with microbial degradation of fiber polysaccharides by acting as a physical barrier and by being cross-linked to polysaccharides by ferulate bridges. In addition to the effects of lignin, physical and structural barriers may limit fiber digestibility. Because the middle lamella and primary wall of thick-walled cells are so highly lignified, many cells can be digested only from the interior of the cell. For many cells, access to cell interiors is limited because of large particle sizes. Forage digestibility could be improved by reducing the amount of lignified cells or by developing improved cultivars so that lignified cells are more digestible. C1 US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, MADISON, WI USA. RP Buxton, DR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, USDA ARS, FCR, DEPT AGRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 127 SU 5 BP S814 EP S818 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WZ923 UT WOS:A1997WZ92300007 PM 9164243 ER PT J AU Jung, HJG AF Jung, HJG TI Analysis of forage fiber and cell walls in ruminant nutrition SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Ruminant Nutrition Conference on New Developments in Forage Science Contributing to Enhanced Fiber Utilization by Ruminants at Experimental Biology 96 CY APR 14, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE fiber analysis; cell wall; forage; polysaccharides; lignin ID LIGNIN; DIGESTIBILITY; RYEGRASS; RESIDUES; GRASSES AB Analysis of the fiber or cell wall present in forages is of major concern in ruminant nutrition because diets often contain large amounts of forage, and the fiber fraction affects both feed intake and animal performance. Traditional extractive, gravimetric methods such as crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber recover variable amounts of the plant cell wall, but they remain popular because of their ease of use and the large feed data bases available for these methods. More intensive chemical methods utilizing chromatography and spectrometric analysis provide greater detail on cell wall composition and structure, but they have been used little in ruminant nutrition. Lignin analysis has remained problematic because no definitive reference method exists. Recently attention has focused on the measurement of lignin composition and cell wall phenolic acids; however, these methods have yet to be widely adopted in ruminant nutrition. The detergent fiber methods have been semi-automated to increase sample handling capacity. Near-infrared spectroscopy is routinely used for prediction of fiber concentration in forages and has greatly increased the ease of obtaining fiber analysis of forage samples. Widespread adoption in ruminant nutrition of the more sophisticated methods of cell wall analysis is unlikely to occur until these methods can be demonstrated to improve diet formulation and prediction of animal performance. C1 US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR CLUSTER,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Jung, HJG (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 25 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 127 SU 5 BP S810 EP S813 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WZ923 UT WOS:A1997WZ92300006 PM 9164242 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM Olson, RE AF Klevay, LM Olson, RE TI Paper 9: Pellagra is not infectious! (Goldberger, 1916) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Minisymposium on Experiments That Changed Nutritional Thinking given at Experimental Biology 96 CY APR 16, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Nutr Soc C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,COLL MED,TAMPA,FL 33606. RP Klevay, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 127 SU 5 BP S1032 EP S1034 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WZ923 UT WOS:A1997WZ92300064 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM AF Klevay, LM TI Paper 10: Copper as a supplement to iron for hemoglobin building in the rat (Hart et al, 1928) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Minisymposium on Experiments That Changed Nutritional Thinking given at Experimental Biology 96 CY APR 16, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Nutr Soc ID DEFICIENCY RP Klevay, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 127 SU 5 BP S1034 EP S1036 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WZ923 UT WOS:A1997WZ92300065 ER PT J AU Levander, OA AF Levander, OA TI Nutrition and newly emerging viral diseases: An overview SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Newly Emerging Viral Diseases: What Role for Nutrition? at Experimental Biology 96 CY APR 17, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE malnutrition; mutation; nutrition and infection; viral evolution; viruses ID SELENIUM-DEFICIENT MICE; COXSACKIEVIRUS B3 INFECTION; HUMAN ENTEROVIRUS; VIRULENT AB Infectious diseases are on the increase worldwide. When discussing interactions of nutrition and infection, nutritionists have traditionally considered only the effects of diet on the host. Recent data, however, indicate that, at least for an RNA virus, host nutriture can influence the genetic make-up of the pathogen and thereby alter its virulence. This symposium was organized to alert the nutrition community to this discovery and its possible implications for the investigation of nutrition-infection interrelationships. Topics covered in the symposium include the following: the public health threat of emerging viral diseases; the rapid evolution of viral RNA genomes; oxidants and antioxidants in viral diseases-disease mechanisms and metabolic regulation; and increased virulence of coxsackievirus B3 due to vitamin E or selenium deficiency. If the findings with coxsackievirus are more broadly applicable to other RNA viruses, the results could be of great public health significance because RNA viruses constitute the majority of all plant, animal and human viruses. RP Levander, OA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 127 SU 5 BP S948 EP S950 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WZ923 UT WOS:A1997WZ92300037 PM 9164271 ER PT J AU Lukaski, H AF Lukaski, H TI Sarcopenia: Assessment of muscle mass SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Mechanisms given at Experimental Biology 96 CY APR 17, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Merck & Co DE sarcopenia; muscle mass; aging ID URINARY 3-METHYLHISTIDINE EXCRETION; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BODY-COMPOSITION; TISSUE; TURNOVER AB Despite general information that skeletal muscle mass is the largest organ in the body and despite increased awareness of the importance of skeletal muscle in biological function, methods and techniques for its routine assessment in humans are generally lacking. One important reason for the paucity of assessment tools is the relative lack of direct data on anatomical skeletal muscle mass in humans. RP Lukaski, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 127 SU 5 BP S994 EP S997 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WZ923 UT WOS:A1997WZ92300049 PM 9164282 ER PT J AU Merrill, AH Schmelz, EM Wang, E Dillehay, DL Rice, LG Meredith, F Riley, RT AF Merrill, AH Schmelz, EM Wang, E Dillehay, DL Rice, LG Meredith, F Riley, RT TI Importance of sphingolipids and inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism as components of animal diets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Animal Diets for Nutritional and Toxicological Research at Experimental Biology 96 CY APR 15, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Natl Canc Inst, Int Life Sci Inst DE sphingolipids; ceramide; mycotoxins; cancer ID SERINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; BOVINE-MILK; FUMONISINS; MICE; SPHINGOMYELIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPHINGANINE; SPHINGOSINE AB Sphingolipids are highly bioactive compounds that participate in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, diverse cell functions, and apoptosis. They are present in both plant and animal foods in appreciable amounts, but little is known about their nutritional significance. Recent studies have shown that feeding sphingomyelin to female CF1 mice treated with a colon carcinogen (1,2-dimethylhydrazine) reduced the number of aberrant colonic crypt foci; longer-term feeding also affected the appearance of colonic adenocarcinomas. Therefore, dietary sphingolipids should be considered in studies of the relationships between diet and cancer. Sphingolipids have also surfaced as important factors in understanding the mechanism of action of a recently discovered family of mycotoxins, termed fumonisins. Fumonisins are produced by fungi commonly found on maize and a few related foods, and their consumption can result in equine leukoencephalomalacia, porcine pulmonary edema and a number of other diseases of veterinary animals and, perhaps, humans. A cellular target of fumonisins is the enzyme ceramide synthase, and disruption of sphingolipid metabolism by fumonisins has been established by studies with both cells in culture and animals that have consumed these toxic mycotoxins. These findings underscore the ways in which sphingolipids and agents that affect sphingolipid utilization should be given consideration in selecting animal diets for nutritional and toxicological studies. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR NUTR & HLTH SCI,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV ANIM RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA 30322. USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP Merrill, AH (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR NUTR & HLTH SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Schmelz, Eva/E-6579-2012 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 127 SU 5 BP S830 EP S833 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WZ923 UT WOS:A1997WZ92300011 PM 9164247 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG AF Reeves, PG TI Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Animal Diets for Nutritional and Toxicological Research at Experimental Biology 96 CY APR 15, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Natl Canc Inst, Int Life Sci Inst DE purified diets; nutrient requirements; rats; mice ID PURIFIED DIETS; FEMALE RATS; FISH OIL; METABOLISM; REQUIREMENTS; ANTIOXIDANTS; NUTRITION; FRUCTOSE; VANADIUM; GLUCOSE AB The AIN-93 rodent diets were formulated to substitute for the previous version (AIN-76A) and to improve the performance of animals that consume them. They are called AIN-93G, formulated for growth, and AIN-93M, for maintenance. Major changes included substituting cornstarch for sucrose and soybean oil for corn oil and increasing the amount in order to supply both essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic). L-Cystine was substituted for DL-methionine to supplement the casein component. The mineral mix was reformulated to lower the amounts of phosphorus, manganese and chromium, to increase the amount of selenium, and to add molybdenum, silicon, fluoride, nickel, boron, lithium and vanadium. The amounts of vitamins E, K-l and B-12 were increased over those in the AIN-76A vitamin mix. The AIN-93G diet contains 200 g of casein and 70 g of soybean oil/kg diet. The maintenance diet (AIN-93M) contains 140 g of casein and 40 g of soybean oil/kg diet. The 1993 diets have a better balance of essential nutrients than the 1976 diet and are better choices for studies with laboratory rodents. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 28 TC 254 Z9 261 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 127 SU 5 BP S838 EP S841 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WZ923 UT WOS:A1997WZ92300013 ER PT J AU Momcilovic, B Reeves, PG AF Momcilovic, B Reeves, PG TI Quantitative assessment of the effects of variability in dietary zinc dose-rate idiorrhythms upon zinc deposition in bone of weanling rats by using a slope-ratio assay SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE zinc availability; dose-rate idiorrhythm; calcified tissue; slope-ratio assay; weanling rat ID ABSORPTION; PROTEIN; HOMEOSTASIS; DEFICIENCY; TRANSPORT; MODEL; IRON AB We quantitatively assessed the effect of the idiorrhythmic dose-rate variability in dietary zinc intake on zinc deposition in the femur and incisor of weanling rats by the slope-ratio analysis of analogous idiorrhythms. In idiorrhythmic feeding the dose (x) is viewed over the period of the entire experimental epoch as a dose-time equivalent modulo (Mx) that can be divided into a series of equal products of different doses with different frequency (idiorrhythm, I). Each I is administered in a regularly recurring pattern to deliver the same dose as that from a standard daily regimen of zinc, albeit at a different rate; Ix = [d(nth)(Mx)]/d(nth), where d(nth) is the sequential number of zinc dosing day separated by 1 to 7 days of feeding the diet without zinc when d(nth) > 1. Four different Mx were tested, M3, M6, M12, and M24 providing 3, 6, 12, and 24 mg Zn . kg(-1) diet.d(-1), respectively, over a 24 day epoch; each Mx had seven analogous Ix of different doses sizes, but the same dosing frequency (d(nth)). The slopes for the M3, M6 and M12 analogous idiorrhythms showed that zinc deposition in the femur and incisor, as a measure of metabolic availability, varied considerably with spacing of the dose with time. Metabolic availability of zinc progressively decreased by 50% from I = Mx/1 to I = 4Mx/4. Then it rose to approach the initial I = Mx/1 values of animals fed zinc daily for I = 5Mx/5 and I = 6Mx/6, before it finally dropped again to the bottom level for I = 8Mx/8. The results showed that the impact of zinc dose-rate in dietary zinc intake is an important determinant of a adequate supply of metabolic zinc. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. INST MED RES & OCCUPAT HLTH,ZAGREB,CROATIA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 8 IS 5 BP 256 EP 264 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA XF642 UT WOS:A1997XF64200003 ER PT J AU Jacob, RA Pianalto, FS AF Jacob, RA Pianalto, FS TI Urinary carnitine excretion increases during experimental vitamin C depletion of healthy men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vitamin C; ascorbic acid; carnitine; humans ID ASCORBIC-ACID; BLOOD COMPONENTS; GUINEA-PIGS; DEFICIENCY; LIVER AB The requirement for ascorbic acid in the biosynthesis of carnitine may provide an explanation for the muscle weakness of scurvy and the basis for a functional measure of ascorbate status. To determine the relationship between vitamin C nutriture and carnitine status in humans, we measured total plasma and urinary carnitine concentrations in samples taken from Two vitamin C depletion/repletion studies performed with healthy men on a metabolic unit. Throughout the 13-week studies, the groups of nine and eight men consumed a vitamin C-deficient diet that was supplemented with ascorbic acid to provide varying intakes of the vitamin from 5 to 605 mg/day. The subjects attained a state of moderate, nonscorbutic vitamin C deficiency during periods of low vitamin C intake, as indicated by plasma and leukocyte ascorbate concentrations. Plasma carnitine and triglyceride concentrations were not affected by the various vitamin C intakes; however, urinary carnitine excretion was increased during periods of ascorbate deficiency and was inversely related to leukocyte ascorbate concentrations. Vitamin C deficiency increases carnitine excretion, but the increased carnitine loss has no effect on carnitine status over a period of nearly 9 weeks. Total plasma carnitine is not a useful functional measure of human vitamin C status. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. C1 CALIF OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH ADMIN,W COVINA,CA. RP Jacob, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 8 IS 5 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(97)89663-5 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA XF642 UT WOS:A1997XF64200004 ER PT J AU Beker, LT Ahrens, RA Fink, RJ OBrien, ME Davidson, KW Sokoll, LJ Sadowski, JA AF Beker, LT Ahrens, RA Fink, RJ OBrien, ME Davidson, KW Sokoll, LJ Sadowski, JA TI Effect of vitamin K-1 supplementation on vitamin K status in cystic fibrosis patients SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cystic fibrosis; osteocalcin; PIVKA-II; vitamin K ID ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED HYPOPROTHROMBINEMIA; MANAGEMENT; PLASMA; PHYLLOQUINONE; COAGULATION; OSTEOCALCIN; DEFICIENCY; PROTEIN; DISEASE; GROWTH AB Background: Patients with cystic fibrosis are at risk for impaired vitamin Ii status due to fat malabsorption from pancreatic insufficiency. This study was designed to assess vitamin Ii status and measure the effect of vitamin K-1 supplementation in cystic fibrosis patients. Methods: Eighteen outpatients participated in a crossover study to determine the effect of vitamin K-1 (phylloquinone) supplementation. After obtaining initial data, each subject was randomly assigned to either a 4-week study treatment of 5 mg oral vitamin K-1 supplementation per week, or no supplementation and then crossed over to the other treatment for a second 4 week period. Plasmal serum and urine samples were collected and analyzed pre-study and at the end of each study period. Results: The mean concentration of plasma vitamin K-1 for the supplemented group was significantly higher than the unsupplemented group, [0.34 nmol/L and 0.21 nmol/L, respectively (p < 0.05)]. The percent of undercarboxylated osteocalcin increased on supplementation from 17% to 31%, (p < 0.005). Prothrombin induced in vitamin Ii absence (PIVKA-II) increased on supplementation from 5 ng/mt to 22 ng/mL, (p < 0.005). The ratio of urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid/creatinine was similar for both study periods. Conclusions: In contrast to other studies in cystic fibrosis, this study demonstrated a need for vitamin K-1 supplementation. The carboxylation state of osteocalcin and PIVKA-II were the most sensitive indices of changes in vitamin K-1 status, Although the 5 mg vitamin K-1/week dose improved these vitamin Ii parameters, normal levels were not achieved. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLL AGR,DEPT NUTR & FOOD SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN K LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Beker, LT (reprint author), CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,DEPT PULM MED,111 MICHIGAN AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20010, USA. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 24 IS 5 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1097/00005176-199705000-00003 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA WY812 UT WOS:A1997WY81200003 PM 9161943 ER PT J AU Windberg, LA Knowlton, FF Ebbert, SM Kelly, BT AF Windberg, LA Knowlton, FF Ebbert, SM Kelly, BT TI Aspects of coyote predation on Angora Goats SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; food cache; predation management ID SOUTHERN AB A study to assess characteristics of coyotes (Canis latrans Say) that attack livestock was conducted in southern New Mexico, During 4-16 April 1991, 38 Angora does (Capra hircus L.) and their 34 offspring (kids) were exposed to coyote predation in 3 small experimental free-ranging flocks on the study area, One doe and 14 kids were killed by predators, including at least 12 cases of coyote predation, Coyotes selectively preyed on the smaller kids, and on goats in relatively small groups, Remains of 11 kids killed by predators were cached within the core areas of territorial coyotes. Six of 8 territorial coyotes and 5 of 9 transients (nonterritorial coyotes), with ranges that overlapped the distribution of flocks, consumed goats. RP Windberg, LA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,USDA,APHIS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 50 IS 3 BP 226 EP 230 DI 10.2307/4003719 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WY346 UT WOS:A1997WY34600001 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Graham, D Galyean, ML James, LF AF Ralphs, MH Graham, D Galyean, ML James, LF TI Research observation: Influence of over-wintering feed regimen on consumption of locoweed by steers SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE poisonous plant; Oxytropis sericea; beef cattle; grazing ID NEW-MEXICO; CATTLE AB Many producers believe cattle grazing wheat pasture during the winter are likely to graze actively growing locoweed when turned onto short-grass prairie in the spring, White locoweed (Oxytropis sericea Nutt, ex T&G) consumption was compared in a spring grazing study between steers wintered on irrigated 'TAM 105' wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pasture (Wheat) and steers wintered on native range (Range), Range steers consumed locoweed for 43% of bites compared to 17% for the Wheat steers, and began eating locoweed before steers in the Wheat group, We rejected the hypothesis that steers wintered on wheat are more inclined to graze locoweed than steers wintered on native range. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,CANYON,TX 79016. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 50 IS 3 BP 250 EP 252 DI 10.2307/4003724 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WY346 UT WOS:A1997WY34600006 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Mayeux, HS Johnson, HB Tischler, CR AF Polley, HW Mayeux, HS Johnson, HB Tischler, CR TI Viewpoint: Atmospheric CO2, soil water, and shrub/grass ratios on rangelands SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE C-4 grasses; competition; rooting depth; stomatal conductance; transpiration ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; C-4 GRASS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; STOMATAL RESPONSES; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; CLIMATIC CONTROL AB The abundance of woody plants on grasslands and savannas often is controlled by the availability of water and its location in soil. Water availability to plants is limited by precipitation, but the distribution of soil water and period over which it is available in these ecosystems are influenced by the transpiration rates of grasses, We discuss implications of recent and projected increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration for transpiration, soil water availability, and the balance of grasses and shrubs, An increase in CO2 concentration often reduces potential transpiration/leaf area by reducing stomatal conductance. On grasslands where effects of stomatal closure on transpiration are not negated by an increase in leaf temperature and leaf area, rising CO2 concentration should slow the depletion of soil water by grasses and potentially favor shrubs and other species that might otherwise succumb to water stress. Predicted effects of CO2 are supported by results from CO2-enrichment studies in the field and are compatible with recent models of interactions between resource levels and vegetation pattern and structure. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 98 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 50 IS 3 BP 278 EP 284 DI 10.2307/4003730 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WY346 UT WOS:A1997WY34600012 ER PT J AU Doescher, PS Svejcar, TJ Jaindl, RG AF Doescher, PS Svejcar, TJ Jaindl, RG TI Gas exchange of Idaho fescue in response to defoliation and grazing history SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE photosynthesis; water use efficiency; Festuca idahoensis ID COMPENSATORY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SCHIZACHYRIUM-SCOPARIUM; AGROPYRON BUNCHGRASSES; HERBIVORY TOLERANCE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WATER RELATIONS; SOIL; POPULATIONS; WHEATGRASS; REGROWTH AB We tested the hypothesis that prior grazing history would influence the defoliation responses of Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis) growing in a common garden environment, Plants were taken from a grazed pasture and adjacent exclosure which had not been grazed since 1937, and established in a common garden at 1 m spacings during spring of 1989. Plants from defoliated and nondefoliated treatments within the 2 populations were sampled during 1992 and 1993. Photosynthesis, conductance to H2O, and xylem potentials were measured during the 2 growing seasons, and carbon isotope ratio (delta(13)C) was measured for senescent leaf tissue, Both within exclosure and outside exclosure defoliated plants exhibited compensatory photosynthesis that averaged a 12% increase the first year, and a 52% increase during the second year, compared with nondefoliated plants, No differences in photosynthesis occurred between the 2 collections, However, outside exclosure plants had higher stomatal conductance than did exclosure plants for the dry year 1992, Also, outside exclosure plants exhibited more negative delta(13)C (thus lower water use efficiency) than exclosure plants for 1992 and 1993. We suggest that the higher conductance of previously-grazed plants relative to nongrazed plant populations may be an adaptive response to greater soil moisture often found in grazed sites. C1 USDA ARS,BURNS,OR 97720. OREGON DEPT AGR,SALEM,OR 97310. RP Doescher, PS (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,CORVALLIS,OR 97731, USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 50 IS 3 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.2307/4003731 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WY346 UT WOS:A1997WY34600013 ER PT J AU Kidwell, MR Weltz, MA Guertin, DP AF Kidwell, MR Weltz, MA Guertin, DP TI Estimation of Green-Ampt effective hydraulic conductivity for rangelands SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE WEPP; infiltration; runoff; hydrologic modeling; spatial variability; ground cover ID INFILTRATION RATES; SEMIARID RANGELANDS; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; EDWARDS-PLATEAU; GRAZING SYSTEMS; ROCK FRAGMENTS; VEGETATION; SOIL; COVER; TEXAS AB Effective hydraulic conductivity (K-e) is an important parameter for the prediction of infiltration and runoff volume from storms, The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model, which uses a modified Green-Ampt equation, is sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity parameter in the prediction of runoff volume and peak discharge, Two sets of algorithms developed from cropland data to predict K-e have previsouly been used in the WEPP model, When tested with data collected on rangelands, these equations resulted in low predictions of K-e which significantly over-estimated runoff volume, The errors in runoff prediction were propagated through the model and resulted in poor predictions of peak discharge and sediment yield, The objective of this research was to develop a new predictive equation to calculate K-e specifically for use on rangelands using field data collected in 8 western states on 15 different soil/vegetation complexes, A distinction was made between ground cover parameters located outside and underneath plant canopy in an effort to account for the significant spatial variability that occurs on most rangelands, Optimized K-e values were determined using the WEPP model and observed runoff data. A regression model (r(2)=0.60) was then developed to predict K-e using measured soil, canopy cover, and spatially distributed ground cover data from 44 plots. Independent rangeland data sets are now required to test the new equation to determine how web the relationships developed from the data used in this study extend to other rangeland areas. C1 UNIV ARIZONA, SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kidwell, MR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW WATERSHED RES CTR, 2000 E ALLEN RD, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 50 IS 3 BP 290 EP 299 DI 10.2307/4003732 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WY346 UT WOS:A1997WY34600014 ER PT J AU Welch, BL AF Welch, BL TI Big sagebrush pro versus con - Comment SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Artemisia tridentata; nutritive value; forage value ID MONOTERPENOID CONTENT; SAGE GROUSE; MULE DEER; INGESTA; DIGESTIBILITY; DIETS RP Welch, BL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,735 N 500 E,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 50 IS 3 BP 322 EP 323 DI 10.2307/4003736 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WY346 UT WOS:A1997WY34600018 ER PT J AU Heimlich, RE Wiebe, KD Claassen, R House, RM AF Heimlich, RE Wiebe, KD Claassen, R House, RM TI Recent evolution of environmental policy: Lessons from wetlands SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Heimlich, RE (reprint author), USDA,SERV ECON RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 52 IS 3 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XF580 UT WOS:A1997XF58000004 ER PT J AU Wiebe, KD Tegene, A Kuhn, B AF Wiebe, KD Tegene, A Kuhn, B TI Finding common ground on public and private land SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article RP Wiebe, KD (reprint author), USDA,SERV ECON RES,NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 52 IS 3 BP 162 EP 165 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XF580 UT WOS:A1997XF58000005 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Doran, JW AF Gilley, JE Doran, JW TI Tillage effects on soil erosion potential and soil quality of a former Conservation Reserve Program site SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CORN PRODUCTION; SOD; NITROGEN AB This study was conducted to determine the effects of tillage on soil erosion potential and soil quality characteristics of a former Conservation Research Program (CRP) site. Following tillage, the study area in Northern Mississippi was maintained in a fallow condition for nine months. Soil loss from simulated rainfall events was minimal on recently tilled plots and an adjoining, undisturbed CRP area. In contrast, soil loss from the former CRP site which had been tilled nine months previously was similar to values obtained before the CRP program when the area had been cropped for several years. Tillage and over-winter fallowing caused a degradation in soil quality resulting from the decomposition of biological nutrient reserves. The conservation and sail quality benefits derived from the CRP may rapidly decline once an area is tilled and then left fallow during the non-cropped period. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 52 IS 3 BP 184 EP 188 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XF580 UT WOS:A1997XF58000007 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Doran, JW Karlen, DL Kaspar, TC AF Gilley, JE Doran, JW Karlen, DL Kaspar, TC TI Runoff, erosion, and soil quality characteristics of a former Conservation Reserve Program site SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL CORN; SOD; NITROGEN; RESIDUE AB No-till and moldboard plow tillage systems were established on a former Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) site in southwest Iowa. Runoff rates from simulated rainfall events were significantly greater on sites returned to crop production than from adjoining undisturbed CRP areas. Substantial soil loss was measured from the moldboard plow treatments, hut no significant differences in erosion rates were found between the undisturbed CRP and no-till management systems. No-till management maintained levels of soil quality similar to those of CRP by preserving soil structural integrity and reducing losses of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with tillage. Conservation tillage systems which maintain residue materials on the soil surface may be well suited for former CRP areas which are used as cropland. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 52 IS 3 BP 189 EP 193 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XF580 UT WOS:A1997XF58000008 ER PT J AU Owens, LB Edwards, WM VanKeuren, RW AF Owens, LB Edwards, WM VanKeuren, RW TI Runoff and sediment losses resulting from winter feeding on pastures SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL; EROSION AB Grazing is an important land use in the humid, eastern U.S. When the grass is dormant, late fall through early spring, the land is mast vulnerable to the pressures of livestock. Runoff and sediment losses from a small pastured watershed (WS) in eastern Ohio have been studied for 20 years. In Period 1, a beef cow herd grazed it rotationally during the growing season for 12 years and was fed hay in this WS during the dormant season (high animal density with feeding). During the next 3 years of this study (Period 2) there was summer rotational grazing only. There was no animal occupancy on this WS during the last 5 years (Period 3). Annual runoff was more than 10% of precipitation during Period 1 (120 mm) and less than 2% during Periods 2 and 3 (14 and 6 mm, respectively). The decrease in annual sediment loss was even greater with the change in management, yielding 2259, 146, and 9 kg/ha for the three respective periods. Over 60% of the soil loss during Period 1 occurred during the dormant season. In response to weather inputs, there was considerable seasonal and annual variation in runoff and soil loss within management periods. Low amounts of runoff and erosion from three adjacent watersheds with summer-only grazing supported the conclusion that the increased runoff and erosion during Period 1 resulted from the non-rotational, winter feeding on pastures. When the management was changed, the impacts of the previous treatment were not long lasting, changing within a year. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & CROP SCI,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP Owens, LB (reprint author), USDA,ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXP WATERSHED,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 52 IS 3 BP 194 EP 197 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XF580 UT WOS:A1997XF58000009 ER PT J AU Stout, WL Schnabel, RR AF Stout, WL Schnabel, RR TI Water use efficiency of perennial ryegrass as affected ky soil drainage and nitrogen fertilization on two floodplain soils SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; SWITCHGRASS; ACCUMULATION; BIOMASS AB Quantitative knowledge of the interactive effects of soil drainage and N fertilization on water use efficiency (WUE) of grasses growing on floodplains in the northeastern United States is scant. Our objective was to quantify the effects of soil drainage and N fertilization on water use efficiency of perennial ryegrass. The study was conducted for two years on a floodplain in central Pennsylvania on two soils selected for soil drainage conditions. A tetraploid, forage-type, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., cv. Bastion) was treated with a split application (50%/50%) of 0, 84, 168 and 252 kg N ha(-1) as ammonium nitrate. Overall, denitrification caused by poor soil drainage conditions during the spring growth period resulted in a 26 percent reduction in WUE. During the summer growth period, the reduction of WUE was 20 percent. These reductions in biomass yield resulted mostly from lost N fertilizer value due to denitrification. RP Stout, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PASTURE MANAGEMENT & WATER QUAL UNIT,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 52 IS 3 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XF580 UT WOS:A1997XF58000012 ER PT J AU Roberts, CA Wilder, LB Jackson, RT Moy, TF Becker, DM AF Roberts, CA Wilder, LB Jackson, RT Moy, TF Becker, DM TI Accuracy of self-measurement of waist and hip circumference in men and women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FATNESS; RISK C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT NUTR & FOOD SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. JOHNS HOPKINS CTR HLTH PROMOT,BALTIMORE,MD. RP Roberts, CA (reprint author), NATL AGR LIB,USDA,FOOD & NUTR INFORMAT CTR,10301 BALTIMORE BLVD,ROOM 304,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 97 IS 5 BP 534 EP 536 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00137-5 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WX316 UT WOS:A1997WX31600018 PM 9145094 ER PT J AU Pantalone, VR Rebetzke, GJ Wilson, RF Burton, JW AF Pantalone, VR Rebetzke, GJ Wilson, RF Burton, JW TI Relationship between seed mass and linolenic acid in progeny of crosses between cultivated and wild soybean SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE breeding; fatty acid; genetics; Glycine max; Glycine soja; oil ID GERMPLASM LINES; REGISTRATION; OIL; INHERITANCE; STABILITY AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil from cur rent commercial cultivars typically contains ca. 8% linolenic acid (18:3). Applications of plant biotechnology have enabled plant breeders to develop germplasm having as low as 2.0% 18:3. Oils that are naturally low in 18:3 exhibited improved flavor characteristics and greater oxidative stability in high-temperature frying applications compared to hydrogenated soybean oil. As an extension of that research, efforts are underway to characterize genes in soybean that govern expression of higher than normal 18:3 concentration. Such oils may be of interest to the oleochemicals industry for various nonfood applications. Relatively high 18:3 in seed oil is a characteristic trait of the ancestor of modern soybean cultivars, Glycine soja (Sieb. and Zucc.). Accessions of this species have rarely been utilized in soybean improvement, and thus represent a virtually untapped genetic resource for genes governing 18:3 synthesis. We have hybridized cultivated soybean with wild soybean plant introductions. F-3:4 seed from the resultant G. max x G. soja populations exhibited a wide segregation pattern for 18:3 and seed mass. A strong negative association was found between 18.3 concentration and seed mass. Oil concentration was positively correlated with seed mass. Evaluation of glycerolipid composition revealed that high 18:3 was not associated with an altered proportion of phospholipid and triacylglycerol among lines segregating for seed mass. Thus, smaller seed mass may be a convenient trait to distinguish future soybean cultivars with highly polyunsaturated oils from other cultivars in production. C1 COOPERAT RES CTR PLANT SCI,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Pantalone, VR (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. RI Rebetzke, Greg/F-6078-2010 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0181-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WZ283 UT WOS:A1997WZ28300013 ER PT J AU Snyder, JM King, JW Jackson, MA AF Snyder, JM King, JW Jackson, MA TI Analytical supercritical fluid extraction with lipase catalysis: Conversion of different lipids to methyl esters and effect of moisture SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cholesteryl esters; fatty acid methyl esters; lipase; phospholipids; reaction; supercritical fluid extraction AB The fat content of lipid-containing samples has been determined by extraction of the fat with supercritical carbon dioxide, followed by enzyme-catalyzed methylation of the fat under supercritical conditions, prior to gas chromatography (GC) analysis. This study was initiated to determine the effect of moisture content on the extraction and conversion of lipids in oilseed and meat samples to their fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derivatives. These samples were freeze-dried or mixed with Hydromatrix and compared with untreated control samples by employing the above-described supercritical fluid extraction-reaction sequence. Particular attention was focused on minor constituents, such as phospholipids and cholesteryl esters, to see if they could be extracted and derivatized by the above technique. Recoveries and reaction conversions of the lipid species were determined with the aid of GC, high-performance liquid chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography for analyses of the extracted lipids. Total fat Values were higher from the freeze-dried meat and oilseed samples than from samples mixed with Hydromatrix or left untreated. Extraction of cholesteryl esters was better than 90%, and conversion of the cholesteryl esters to FAME was 93% or higher. Extraction of phosphatidic acid was only 88% compared to more than 90% recoveries for the other phospholipid species. FAME conversion was better than 96% for all phospholipid samples in the study. RP Snyder, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 585 EP 588 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0184-z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WZ283 UT WOS:A1997WZ28300016 ER PT J AU Huang, JK Keudell, KC Klopfenstein, WE Wen, L Bagby, MO Vesonder, RF Norton, RA Weisleder, D AF Huang, JK Keudell, KC Klopfenstein, WE Wen, L Bagby, MO Vesonder, RF Norton, RA Weisleder, D TI Biotransformation of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid to 12-hydroxyoctadecanamide by Bacillus cereus 50 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE 12-hydroxyoctadecanamide; 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid; Bacillus cereus; biotransformation ID OLEIC-ACID; FATTY AB A new microbial isolate (Bacillus cereus 50) transformed 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid to 12-hydroxyoctadecanamide when grown aerobically in 1% yeast extract medium at 30 degrees C, shaken at 250 rpm for 2 to 5 d. The compound was purified by thin-layer chromatography and characterized by infrared, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The yields of 12-hydroxyoctadecanamide were 9.1 and 21.5% after 2 and 5 d, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MACOMB,IL 61455. WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,MACOMB,IL 61455. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 601 EP 603 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0188-8 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WZ283 UT WOS:A1997WZ28300020 ER PT J AU Erhan, SM Kleiman, R AF Erhan, SM Kleiman, R TI Biodegradation of estolides from monounsaturated fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; erucic acid; estolides; meadow-foam oil fatty acids; oleic acid AB Mono- and polyestolides, made from oleic acid, meadowfoam oil fatty acids and erucic acid, were subjected to biodegradation with mixed cultures of Penicillium verucosum, Mucor racemosus, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Fermentations were continued for 3, 5, 10, 55, 20, or 30 d. Meadowfoam oil and its fatty acids, oleic acid and soybean oil were also biodegraded under the same conditions. After 10 d, oleic acid and soybean oil were degraded 99.8 and 99.2%, respectively; meadowfoam oil and its fatty acids were degraded 89.0 and 97.7%, respectively. After 30 d, oleic acid-derived poly- and monoestolides were degraded 98.6 and 90.0%, respectively, meadowfoam estolides were degraded 75.7%, and erucic acid estolides were degraded 84.0%. RP Erhan, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 605 EP 607 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0189-7 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WZ283 UT WOS:A1997WZ28300021 ER PT J AU Kasimor, K Baggett, JR Hampton, RO AF Kasimor, K Baggett, JR Hampton, RO TI Pea cultivar susceptibility and inheritance of resistance to the lentil strain (Pathotype P2) of pea seedborne mosaic virus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE vegetable breeding; Pisum sativum ID PISUM-SATIVUM AB Commercial pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars, plant introduction (PI) lines, and Oregon State Univ. (OSU) breeding lines were tested for resistance to pathotype P2 (lentil strain) and pathotype P1 (type strain) of pea seedborne mosaic virus (PSbMV) and to bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) to assess the relative proportion of resistant and susceptible pea genotypes. Of the 161 commercial cultivars tested, 117 (73%) were resistant and 44 were susceptible to PSbMV-P2. Of these PSbMV-P2-resistant cultivars, 115 were tested for resistance to BYMV and all were resistant. Of the 44 PSbMV-P2-susceptible cultivars, 43 were tested for BYMV susceptibility and all were infected except two, 'Quincy' and 'Avon', both of which were susceptible to a BYMV isolate in another laboratory. Of 138 commercial cultivars inoculated with PSbMV-P1, all were susceptible. All PI lines and OSU breeding lines that were resistant to PSbMV-P1 were resistant also to PSbMV-P2. The high percentage of commercial cultivars resistant to PSbMV-P2 was probably attributable to the close linkage of genes sbm-2 and mo and the widespread use by breeders of BYMV-resistant 'Perfection' and 'Dark Skin Perfection' in developing new pea cultivars. Segregation ratios in progenies of three separate crosses between PSbMV-P2-resistant and PSbMV-P2-susceptible cultivars closely fit the expected 3 susceptible : 1 resistant ratio expected for resistance conferred by a single recessive gene. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,AGR RES SERV,USDA,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Kasimor, K (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,AGR & LIFE SCI BLDG 4017,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 122 IS 3 BP 325 EP 328 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WY388 UT WOS:A1997WY38800006 ER PT J AU Walters, KJ Hosfield, GL Uebersax, MA Kelly, JD AF Walters, KJ Hosfield, GL Uebersax, MA Kelly, JD TI Navy bean canning quality: Correlations, heritability estimates, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers associated with component traits SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; polymerase chain reaction; marker assisted selection; quantitative trait loci ID FOOD QUALITY; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; CULINARY QUALITY; RUST RESISTANCE; DRY; IDENTIFICATION; VARIABILITY; INHERITANCE AB Three populations of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), consisting of recombinant inbred lines, were grown at two locations for 2 years and were used to study canning quality. The traits measured included visual appeal (VIS), texture (TXT), and washed drained mass (WDM). Genotype mean squares were significant for all three traits across populations, although location and year mean squares were higher. We found a positive correlation (r=0.19 to 0.66) between VIS and TXT and a negative correlation (r=-0.26 to -0.66) between VIS and WDM and between TXT and WDM (r=-0.53 to 0.83) in all three populations. Heritability estimates were calculated for VIS, TXT, and WDM, and these values were moderate to high (0.48 to 0.78). Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the same canning quality traits were identified and studied in each population, Marker-QTL associations were established using the general linear models procedure with significance set at P=0.05. Location and population specificity was common among the marker-QTL associations identified. Coefficient of determination (R-2) values for groups of markers used in multiple regression analyses ranged from 0.2 to 0.52 for VIS, 0.11 to 0.38 for TXT, and 0.25 to 0.38 for WDM. Markers were identified that were associated with multiple traits and those associations supported correlations between phenotypic traits. MAS would offer no advantage over phenotypic selection for the improvement of negatively associated traits. C1 USDA ARS,SUGARBEET & BEAN RES UNIT,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 122 IS 3 BP 338 EP 343 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WY388 UT WOS:A1997WY38800008 ER PT J AU Bowman, KD AF Bowman, KD TI Inheritance of procumbent habit from 'Cipo' sweet orange in crosses with 'Clementine' Mandarin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dwarfing; Citrus sinensis; Citrus reticulata; fruit breeding ID ROOTSTOCK AB 'Cipo' sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] combines typical midseason fruit characteristics with a unique procumbent growth habit. This distinctive habit may be of value in breeding smaller and more procumbent scion cultivars if the growth habit is transmitted to hybrid seedlings. Two hybrid populations were created using 'Clementine' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Bianco) as the female parent and either 'Cipo' sweet orange or 'Pineapple' (another midseason sweet orange with a more typical upright growth habit) as the male parent. The 'Clementine' x 'Cipo' cross yielded many hybrids with the procumbent habit, many with the upright habit, and some that appeared intermediate. Both hybrid populations were compared with nucellar seedling populations from 'Cipo' and 'Pineapple' using two morphological characteristics that differentiate between the procumbent habit of 'Cipo' and the upright habit of 'Pineapple'. All the 'Clementine' x 'Pineapple' hybrids mere of upright growth habit, while the 'Clementine' x 'Cipo' progeny segregated into two groups based on growth habit (upright and procumbent). The two measured characteristics were tightly correlated in the segregating population and are probably pleiotropic effects of the same genetic mutation. The observed population distributions were as expected if the procumbent habit in 'Cipo' is controlled by a single dominant allele in the heterozygous condition. RP Bowman, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 122 IS 3 BP 360 EP 367 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WY388 UT WOS:A1997WY38800012 ER PT J AU Saftner, RA Conway, WS Sams, CE AF Saftner, RA Conway, WS Sams, CE TI Effects of some polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and calcium chloride on in vitro growth and decay development in apples caused by Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CaCl2; DFMA; DFMO; Malus domestica; alpha-methylornithine; postharvest ID POSTHARVEST CALCIUM; ETHYLENE; TOBACCO; FRUIT AB Three polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), alpha-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), and alpha-methylornithine (MeOrn), alone and in combination with CaCl2, mere tested for their ability to reduce in vitro growth and soft rot development in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. and Penicillium expansum Link. All three inhibitors reduced the in vitro growth of the pathogens. Calcium had no effect on fungal growth in vitro. Pressure infiltration of millimolar concentrations of DFMO or DFMA or 25 g . L-1 CaCl2 solutions into apples reduced subsequent soft rot development by B. cinerea and P. expansum >40%. A combination treatment of Ca and DFMO or DFMA reduced decay >67%. Treatment of apples with MeOrn was less effective at inhibiting decay development. None of the inhibitors affected polyamine levels in apple cortical tissues. Some injury to the fruit surface was observed with Ca treatments. Fruit treated with Ca and any of the inhibitors were less firm than those treated with Ca alone. Specific polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors in combination with Ca may prove useful in reducing postharvest decay in apples. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. RP Saftner, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 122 IS 3 BP 380 EP 385 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WY388 UT WOS:A1997WY38800015 ER PT J AU Saftner, RA Buta, JG Conway, WS Sams, CE AF Saftner, RA Buta, JG Conway, WS Sams, CE TI Effect of surfactants on pressure infiltration of calcium chloride solutions into 'Golden delicious' apples SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CaCl2; Malus domestica; postharvest; surface active agents ID DECAY AB The effects of 36 organosilicone and conventional carbon-based surfactants on postharvest infiltration of radiolabeled and unlabeled Ca solutions into 'Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh) were examined to devise a more efficient pressure infiltration technique to increase fruit Ca concentration. Radiolabeled Ca infiltration and the proportional increase in fruit Ca estimated by fruit weight gain from Ca solutions of known concentration were significantly enhanced by a range of surfactants having different chemical structures, Tween 60 and 80; Triton X-45, X-100, X-114, X-305, and X-405; and Silwet L-77 and L-7604 enhanced Ca infiltration. The two organosilicone surfactants, Silwet L-77 and Silwet L-7604, known for their greater capacity to lower the surface tension of solutions than conventional carbon-based surfactants, mere the most effective at augmenting Ca infiltration. Applications of surfactants to fruit were as or more effective when used as a pretreatment rather than mixing the surfactant with the Ca solutions, The pressure necessary to increase Ca to levels considered sufficient to maintain fruit firmness and resist decay during storage could be lowered in fruit treated with organosilicone surfactants. Sequential postharvest surfactant and Ca treatments may be a practical means of increasing the Ca concentration in apples. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. RP Saftner, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 122 IS 3 BP 386 EP 391 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WY388 UT WOS:A1997WY38800016 ER PT J AU Grimm, CC Clawson, R Short, RT AF Grimm, CC Clawson, R Short, RT TI Use of region II of the a/q stability diagram for fast scanning of a linear quadrupole mass spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FILTER AB For evaluation as a detector for high-speed gas chromatography, a linear quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in rf only mode by using Region II (a = 0; 7.514 < q < 7.580) of the Mathieu a/q stability diagram. The available power supply and the diameter of the quadrupole rods of the mass spectrometer placed an upper mass limit of similar to m/z 93. Scan rates of 1000 scans/s were obtained with mass spectral peaks resolved over an 80-u range. The m/z 91 and 92 ions produced from the electron ionization of toluene are resolved with an R-1/2 of 135. A potential difference between the source and the quadruple mass filter of up to 1000 V was used to accelerate ions into the quadrupole. Broadening of mass-to-charge ratio peaks results from the time constant of the signal amplification rather than the small number of rf cycles the ions experience. The expected loss of sensitivity relative to Region I is observed, and the problem of mass aliasing is discussed. (C) 1997 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RP Grimm, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 8 IS 5 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(97)00006-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA WV141 UT WOS:A1997WV14100008 ER PT J AU Hatano, T Hemingway, RW AF Hatano, T Hemingway, RW TI Conformational isomerism of phenolic procyanidins: Preferred conformations in organic solvents and water SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 2 LA English DT Article ID HETEROCYCLIC RING; TETRA-O-METHYL-(+)-CATECHIN; (-)-EPICATECHIN; SUBSTITUENTS; ELUCIDATION; STATE AB NMR studies of catechin-(4 alpha-->8)-epicatechin (1) and catechin-(4 alpha-->8)-catechin (2) provided complete assignment of the proton and carbon resonances for both the more extended and compact conformers in the free phenolic form, When 1 is In organic solvents, the more extended rotamer is preferred over the more compact rotamer (10:7), but in water, the compact rotamer dominates (2:10), When 2 is in organic solvents, the more compact rotamer is slightly preferred (8:10), but in water, only trace amounts of the more extended rotamer are detected, NOE experiments show rotational conformation exchange despite the fact that two distinct and sharp sets of signals are seen for each rotamer. The upper unit heterocyclic ring exists in an approximate half-chair conformation in each rotamer for both dimers, However, coupling constants of the lower unit heterocycles show substantial axial orientation of the B-ring, Lineshape analysis of the terminal unit H-3(F) excludes E- and A-conformational interchange, These results and NOE experiments show a skewed-boat conformation for the terminal unit in 1 and between a half-chair and skewed-boat conformation for the terminal unit in 2. C1 US FOREST SERV, SO RES STN, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-779X J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 2 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 2 PD MAY PY 1997 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1043 DI 10.1039/a605592c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA WZ754 UT WOS:A1997WZ75400034 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Zhang, DC Moore, WR AF Doehlert, DC Zhang, DC Moore, WR TI Influence of heat pretreatments of oat grain on the viscosity of flour slurries SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE oat; (1->3); (1->4)-beta-D-glucan; beta-glucanase; viscosity ID ENDOSPERM CELL-WALLS; BETA-GLUCANS; BROILER CHICKS; BARLEY; SOLUBILIZATION; ANALYZER AB Heat treatment of oat grain had significant effects on the viscosity of flour slurries. Steamed oats produced highly viscous flour slurries, whose viscosity increased with time, whereas the viscosity of hour slurries produced from raw or roasted (104 degrees C for 120 min) oats was much lower and degraded rapidly. Slurry viscosity was correlated with (1 --> 3), (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucan concentration in the flours and treatment of slurries with lichinase lowered viscosity significantly. Effects of steaming were partially reversed by roasting treatment and vice versa. Mixtures of equal amounts of raw and steamed flour resulted in slurries more viscous than either flour alone, but that viscosity degraded after 3 h to less than the mean viscosity of the steamed and raw controls. Water-soluble extracts from steamed flour had about twice the viscosity of raw or roasted flour extracts, but contained only 80% of the (1 --> 3), (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucan present in those extracts. Molecular weight analysis of soluble carbohydrates from raw, roasted and steamed soluble extracts indicated the molecular weight of beta-glucans in these extracts was similar. However, if extracts were made from slurries that had incubated for 3 h, extensive degradation of beta-glucans was evident in raw and roasted samples. It is likely that enzymic degradation of (1 --> 3),(1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucans is responsible for much of the decreased raw and roasted flour slurry viscosity over extended time periods, but different heat treatments appear to also affect (1 --> 3), (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucan polymer interaction. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CEREAL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,HARD RED SPRING & DURAM WHEAT QUAL LAB,HARRIS HALL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 74 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XC276 UT WOS:A1997XC27600018 ER PT J AU Scowcroft, PG AF Scowcroft, PG TI Mass and nutrient dynamics of decaying litter from Passiflora mollissima and selected native species in a Hawaiian montane rain forest SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acacia koa; Cibotium glaucum; decomposition; Hawaii; litter quality; Metrosideros polymorpha; nutrient cycling; Passiflora mollissima ID LEAF LITTER; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; LIGNIN CONTROL; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM; RELEASE; FOLIAR; RATES; TREES AB The structure and functioning of Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha forests between 1200 and 1800 m elevation on the island of Hawaii are being threatened by Passiflora mollissima, an aggressive introduced liana from South America. This study was done to evaluate the short-term decomposition dynamics of Passiflora and selected native leaf and twig litter. The nutrient-rich, non-sclerophyllous Passiflora leaves completely disappeared in less than 5 mo. The estimated time for native leaf litter to lose 95% of initial dry weight ranged from 1.65 y for N-rich Acacia phyllodes to 6.67 y for Cibotium glaucum; for woody litter, the time ranged from 4.5 y for Acacia twigs to 23 y for Acacia bark. Except for Cibotium frond litter, decay rates were significantly correlated with initial lignin-ash ratios. Passiflora litter did not accelerate decomposition of Acacia and Metrosideros leaf litter. Passiflora, Acacia, and Metrosideros leaf litter showed net mineralization of N, P, Ca, K, and Mg during the study. Cibotium frond litter showed significant accumulation of N, Ca, and Mg; P levels stayed constant and K was rapidly lost. In general, twigs experienced a net loss of most nutrients, while bark experienced either no change or a significant net gain of nutrients. Nutrient cycling has increased in P. mollissima infested forests. RP Scowcroft, PG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,INST PACIFIC ISL FORESTRY,PACIFIC SW RES STN,1151 PUNCHBOWL ST,RM 323,HONOLULU,HI 96813, USA. NR 61 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 13 BP 407 EP 426 PN 3 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XA744 UT WOS:A1997XA74400008 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Baumgartner, RN Harris, TB Dallal, GE Hannan, MT Economos, CD Stauber, PM Wilson, PWF Kiel, DP AF Roubenoff, R Baumgartner, RN Harris, TB Dallal, GE Hannan, MT Economos, CD Stauber, PM Wilson, PWF Kiel, DP TI Application of bioelectrical impedance analysis to elderly populations SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEXES; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; SOFT-TISSUE; IN-VIVO; AGE; FAT; VALIDATION; POTASSIUM; FEMALES; WOMEN AB Background. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can potentially be used to estimate body composition in large populations studied at multiple sites. However, it is not clear whether age-specific BIA equations are necessary for accurate application of BIA to research on elderly subjects. Methods. We compared a published equation designed to predict fat-free mass (FFM) that had been derived in a young healthy population (mean age 27 y; mean BMI 23.9 kg/m(2)), with equations that we developed for the elderly by using data from 455 participants in the Framingham Heart Study (78 y; 27.3 kg/m(2)), using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference technique. The BIA equations were then compared in an independent sample of 283 participants in the New Mexico Aging Process Study (76 y, 25.5 kg/m(2)), who also underwent BIA and DXA. Results. When the young-population equation was applied to Framingham, it caused an overestimation of FFM in heavier subjects that was eliminated by use of the age-specific equation. However, when the two equations were tested in the New Mexico population, the published equation gave estimates of FFM that were closer to DXA than the Framingham equations did. Conclusions. The accuracy of a BIA equation depends on the body composition of the population and the validation method rather than on age per se. Application of BIA to elderly populations requires uniform validation procedures in the actual study population, rather than reliance on age-specific equations. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO, SCH MED, CLIN NUTR PROGRAM, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA. NIA, GERIATR EPIDEMIOL OFF, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY, FRAMINGHAM, MA USA. HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED, RES & TRAINING INST, BOSTON, MA 02131 USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BODY COMPOSIT LAB, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [Y01 AG-20195]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-41398]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-08443] NR 32 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 52 IS 3 BP M129 EP M136 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA WZ219 UT WOS:A1997WZ21900008 PM 9158553 ER PT J AU Poe, GL Welsh, MP Champ, PA AF Poe, GL Welsh, MP Champ, PA TI Measuring the difference in mean willingness to pay when dichotomous choice contingent valuation responses are not independent SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID WELFARE EVALUATIONS; BIAS AB Dichotomous choice contingent valuation surveys frequently elicit multiple values in a single questionnaire. If individual responses are correlated across scenarios, the standard approach of estimating willingness to pay (WTP) functions independently for each scenario may result in biased estimates of the significance of the difference in mean WTP values. This paper applies an alternative bivariate probit approach that explicitly accounts for correlation across errors in the estimation of WTP and mean WTP. Using data from three separate dichotomous choice contingent valuation studies, this correlation is demonstrated to have an effect on the significance level of mean WTP difference tests. C1 HAGLER BAILLY CONSULTING INC,MADISON,WI. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO. RP Poe, GL (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR RESOURCE & MANAGERIAL ECON,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 24 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 73 IS 2 BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.2307/3147286 PG 13 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WY473 UT WOS:A1997WY47300008 ER PT J AU Smith, TPL LopezCorrales, N Grosz, MD Beattie, CW Kappes, SM AF Smith, TPL LopezCorrales, N Grosz, MD Beattie, CW Kappes, SM TI Anchoring of bovine Chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 10, and 14 linkage group telomeric ends via FISH analysis of lambda clones SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID GENOME; MAP; MICROSATELLITE; CATTLE; MARKERS; COSMIDS AB We report the placement of 34 new microsatellite (ms) markers, isolated from a lambda phage genomic clone library, on the bovine genetic map by linkage to published markers. Five of these markers lie at or near the ends of linkage groups and are used to establish chromosomal coverage and orientation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis demonstrates that the linkage groups on the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) map extend to the telomeric region of Chromosomes (Chrs) 7 and 10. Linkage groups on Chrs 4, 6, and 14 appear to be less inclusive. C1 ARS,USDA,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD MAY PY 1997 VL 8 IS 5 BP 333 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s003359900434 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA WU065 UT WOS:A1997WU06500007 PM 9107677 ER PT J AU Bishir, J Roberds, J AF Bishir, J Roberds, J TI Limit theorems and a general framework for risk analysis in clonal forestry SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS AB Use of clonally propagated plantings in reforestation offers management advantages of phenotypic uniformity and high yields. Disadvantages include low genetic diversity and the possibility that the clone or clones chosen are particularly susceptible to attack by an insect or pathogen unforeseen as a problem at the time of clonal selection. In this paper, we continue consideration of the problem of choosing an optimal number of clones to minimize the risk of plantation failure. We present an analysis in which risk of failure for a plantation is represented by the probability that the proportion, S, of ramets that survive until harvest is less than or equal to a prescribed value. Our approach includes most earlier treatments as special cases. We show that the proportion S converges in distribution and, furthermore, that, under general conditions, a moderate number of clones, usually no more than 20 to 40 and often fewer, provides equivalent or better protection against catastrophic loss than does a large number of clones. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1997. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,USDA,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Bishir, J (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,BOX 8205,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 142 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0025-5564(96)00184-8 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA WU123 UT WOS:A1997WU12300001 PM 9125857 ER PT J AU Owens, LD Heutte, TM AF Owens, LD Heutte, TM TI A single amino acid substitution in the antimicrobial defense protein cecropin B is associated with diminished degradation by leaf intercellular fluid SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CONFERS ENHANCED RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; EXPRESSION; GENE; PEPTIDE; IMMUNITY AB Degradation is one of several factors that may affect the level of accumulation of transgene products in plants, In plants engineered to secrete antimicrobial proteins to the intercellular compartment of leaves, the degradative activity of proteases residing in leaf intercellular fluid (IF) could be critical to achieving the expected transgene Function, We synthesized a structural analogue (MB39) of the antibacterial protein cecropin B and compared the susceptibility of both proteins to degradation in vitro by IF extracted from leaves of various crops. The half-life of the two proteins in the various LF extracts ranged from 3 min to 25.5 h, with the analogue MB39 displaying the longer half-life in IF from nine of 10 species, Overall, the half-life of MB39 averaged 2.9 times greater than that of cecropin B. Analysis of the peptides produced by endopeptidase activity in potato IF indicated that the 5.7-fold lower degradation rate of MB39 was associated with the substitution of valine for methionine at residue 11 of cecropin B, These findings point to the possibility of tailoring antimicrobial protein genes to reduce the rate of protein degradation in a particular target crop. RP Owens, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.1094/MPMI.1997.10.4.525 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA WX523 UT WOS:A1997WX52300012 PM 9150599 ER PT J AU Lachapelle, PR Land, BL Clark, JC AF Lachapelle, PR Land, BL Clark, JC TI The problem of human waste disposal in national parks: A solar energy experiment in Yosemite National Park, California, USA SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID BOX-COOKER; SIMULATION C1 US FOREST SERV,SAN DIMAS TECHNOL & DEV CTR,SAN DIMAS,CA 91773. YOSEMITE NATL PK,EL PORTAL,CA 95318. RP Lachapelle, PR (reprint author), UNIV VERMONT,ENVIRONM PROGRAM,153 S PROSPECT ST,BURLINGTON,VT 05401, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0276-4741 J9 MT RES DEV JI Mt. Res. Dev. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 17 IS 2 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.2307/3673833 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA XG086 UT WOS:A1997XG08600009 ER PT J AU Nicholson, MS Bunyard, BA Royse, DJ AF Nicholson, MS Bunyard, BA Royse, DJ TI Phylogeny of the genus Lentinula based on ribosomal DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fungi; molecular evolution; shiitake ID AMPLIFY CONSERVED GENES; SHIITAKE MUSHROOM; EDODES; POPULATIONS; LINES AB RFLP data from PCR amplified regions of the rDNA repeat from Lentinula edodes, L. boryana, L. lateritia, and L. novaezelandiae, together with outgroups Clitocybula, Collybia and Pleurotus, were used for a phylogenetic analysis. A phylogeny based on data from the transcribed rDNA regions supports the monophyly of the genus Lentinula. Lentinula species display a comparatively low level of estimated nucleotide divergence relative to the outgroup species studied. The Asian-Australasian-distributed species (L. edodes, L. lateritia, and L. novaeselandiae) and the American-distributed L. boryana belong to two distinct genetic groups, with about 1.89% nucleotide divergence from each other. The Asian-Australasian species of Lentinula were approximately 4.0% divergent from the P. ostreatus and Collybia dryophila outgroups, while L. boryana was only approximately 3.5% divergent. Lentinula boryana is postulated to be the earliest lineage to diverge within the genus Lentinula, while the remaining Asian-Australasian species are suggested to have evolved more recently. This molecular phylogeny highlights the phylogenetic differences between the Asian-Australasian species of Lentinula and supports their most recent classification based morphological characters. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ALLENDALE,MI 49401. ARS,USDA,FT DEITRICH,FREDERICK,MD 21701. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 89 IS 3 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.2307/3761034 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA XC830 UT WOS:A1997XC83000006 ER PT J AU White, JF Reddy, PV Glenn, AE Bacon, CW AF White, JF Reddy, PV Glenn, AE Bacon, CW TI An examination of structural features and relationships in Balansia subgenus Dothichloe SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycotina; Balansiopsis; Clavicipitaceae; endophytes; grasses; molecular systematics ID EPICHLOE; GRASSES; ENDOPHYTE AB Balansia subgenus Dothichloe is defined to include only species of graminicolous Clavicipitaceae that are endophytic, form stromata on leaves or culms, and produce nonstipitate black ascomata. Species included in subgenus Dothichloe are Balansia aristidae, B. epichloe, B. henningsiana, B. nigricans, B. strangulans, and Balansiopsis gaduae. The genus Balansiopsis is invalidated since its type B. gaduae is herein classified in subgenus Dothichloe Balansia subnodosa is considered to be a synonym of B. gaduae based on morphological and anatomical similarities of the ascomata. Phylogenetic relationships in Dothichloe are evaluated through examination of ribosomal DNA ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequence data. It is concluded that at least two subclades are evident in the subgenus, including the B. gaduae/B. nigricans subclade and the B. aristidae/B. henningsiana/B. strangulans subclade. Sequence divergence of B. epichloe makes it difficult: to confidently assign it to either subclade. A dichotomous key to Dothichloe is included along with descriptions of B. aristidae, B. eibichloe, B. gaduae, and B. henningsiana. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP White, JF (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. RI White, James/C-2280-2009 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 89 IS 3 BP 408 EP 419 DI 10.2307/3761035 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA XC830 UT WOS:A1997XC83000007 ER PT J AU Kuhls, K Lieckfeldt, E Samuels, GJ Meyer, W Kubicek, CP Borner, T AF Kuhls, K Lieckfeldt, E Samuels, GJ Meyer, W Kubicek, CP Borner, T TI Revision of Trichoderma sect Longibrachiatum including related teleomorphs based on analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycetes; fungi; Hypocrea; molecular systematics; phylogeny; species concept ID GENUS TRICHODERMA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HARZIANUM; FUNGI; IDENTIFICATION; VIRIDE; RDNA; CLASSIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION AB Variation within the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 and ITS-2) regions of ribosomal DNA of 103 strains was studied to examine relationships within Trichoderma sect. Longibrachiatum and related teleomorphs, Hypocrea schweinitzii and H. jecorina. The four species, T. longibrachiatum, T. pseudokoningii, T. parceramosum and T. citrinoviride, that were originally assigned by morphological criteria to this section were recognized by sequence analysis. Trichoderma reesei, which was previously considered to be synonymous with T. longibrachiatum, and T. saturnisporum which was placed originally in sect. Saturnisiporum because of its warted conidia, are assigned to the section. ITS sequences of T. ghanense, originally assigned to sect. Saturnisporum, could not be distinguished from the sequence of T. parceramosum, indicating that the two may be synonymous. Trichoderma ''todica'' an unpublished name based on the antiviral strain NRRL 3091, is T. parceramosum. Interspecific variability within sect. Longibrachiatum was low (2.2-4.8% in ITS-1, 0-10.2% in ITS-2) when compared with species of other sections. Phylogenetic analysis showed strong support for the monophyly of sect. Longibrachiatum. The Hypocrea teleomorphs with anamorphs that could be assigned to sect. Longibrachiatum fall into at least 6 in part geographically defined groups on the basis of ITS sequences. The anamorphs of three of these groups can be assigned to T. longibrachiatum, T. citrinoviride, and T. pseudokoningii, respectively. Variability among these teleomorph groups is in the same order of magnitude as among the six anamorph species of sect. Longibrachiatum. Hypocrea jecorina and T. reesei showed 100% sequence homology. Classification derived from ITS sequences is discussed in comparison with results from other molecular methods. C1 ARS, USDA, SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT MICROBIOL, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA. VIENNA TECH UNIV, INST BIOCHEM TECHNOL & MIKROBIOL, MIKROBIELLE BIOCHEM ABT, A-1060 VIENNA, AUSTRIA. RP Kuhls, K (reprint author), HUMBOLDT UNIV BERLIN, INST BIOL GENET, CHAUSSEESTR 117, D-10115 BERLIN, GERMANY. RI Meyer, Wieland/G-1204-2015 OI Meyer, Wieland/0000-0001-9933-8340 NR 69 TC 88 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 5 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 89 IS 3 BP 442 EP 460 DI 10.2307/3761038 PG 19 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA XC830 UT WOS:A1997XC83000010 ER PT J AU Wilson, AD Forse, LB AF Wilson, AD Forse, LB TI Sensitivity of Texas strains of Ceratocystis fagacearum to triazole fungicides SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE chemical control; ergosterol-biosynthesis inhibitors; live oak; oak wilt; systemic eradicants ID STEROL-INHIBITING FUNGICIDES; ERGOSTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; PROPICONAZOLE; RESISTANCE AB Ten geographically diverse Texas strains of the oak wilt fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum were tested in vitro for their sensitivity to five triazole fungicides based on accumulated linear growth, linear growth rates, and dry weight accumulation in response to fungicide concentrations of 0.1 to 600 parts per billion (ppb). None of the triazoles inhibited growth at 0.1 ppb, but four of the five fungicides were highly effective in totally inhibiting growth on homemade potato dextrose agar medium and in neopeptone broth cultures at minimum effective concentrations (MECs) in the 10-200 ppb range. Triadimefon did not prevent growth at concentrations up to 1100 ppb. The sensitivity of Texas strains to the triazoles was up to tenfold higher in aqueous broth culture than on solid medium. Exceptional strains exhibited tolerance to certain triazoles, requiring MECs up to 500 ppb or higher for total growth inhibition. The specific activity of individual triazoles was related to substituent R-groups attached to chiral carbons. The ketal triazoles, propiconazole and difenoconazole with the dioxolane ring, had the greatest effect on growth rates of the Texas strains. Myclobutanil with nitrilo and butyl R-groups and terbuconazole with dimethylethyl and hydroxyl R-groups had intermediate effects on growth rates, while triadimefon with a dimethyl butanone group had the least effect on growth rates of the fungus. Triazole sensitivity was not linked to specific mating incompatibility alleles. The triazole sensitivity of Texas strains of Ceratocystis fagacearum was much greater than the sensitivity of many other phytopathogenic fungi previously tested. The significance of these results relative to current fungicide application methods used for oak wilt control by the Texas Oak Wilt Suppression Project (TOWSP) are discussed. RP Wilson, AD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,SO HARDWOODS LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. RI Wilson, Alphus/Q-2137-2015 OI Wilson, Alphus/0000-0003-2352-5232 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 89 IS 3 BP 468 EP 480 DI 10.2307/3761040 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA XC830 UT WOS:A1997XC83000012 ER PT J AU Seifert, KA Samuels, GJ AF Seifert, KA Samuels, GJ TI Two new hypocrealean fungi with synnematous anamorphs SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Endocreas; Hypocrea; Hypocreales; Stilbella; systematics; Valsonectria AB The two new Ascomycetes (Hypocreales), Valsonectria simpsonii and Hypocrea cinereoflava, are described. Valsonectria simpsonii produces immersed groups of perithecia with orange ostioles. Its anamorph is an undescribed species of Stilbella that has whitish, smooth synnemata with monoverticillate conidiophore branching. Endocreas is a later synonym of Valsonectria; the only known species of Endocreas, E. lasiacidis, is transferred to Valsonectria. The generic concept of Valsonectria is discussed and a key to its species is provided. Hypocrea cinereoflava produces effused, grayish yellow stromata with immersed, KOH-perithecia. Its anamorph is Stilbella flavipes, which produces white to greenish synnemata. A mycelial synanamorph is also produced, which has similarities to species of Trichoderma sect. Hypocreanum. C1 ARS,USDA,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,EASTERN CEREAL & OILSEED RES CTR,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0C6,CANADA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 89 IS 3 BP 512 EP 520 DI 10.2307/3761045 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA XC830 UT WOS:A1997XC83000017 ER PT J AU Batra, S AF Batra, S TI Unsung heroines of pollination SO NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article RP Batra, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY SERIALS UNIT CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 SN 0028-0712 J9 NAT HIST JI Nat. Hist. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 106 IS 4 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WU076 UT WOS:A1997WU07600020 ER PT J AU Wall, RJ AF Wall, RJ TI A new lease on life for transgenic livestock SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA Welsh DT News Item ID EMBRYOS RP Wall, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 15 IS 5 BP 416 EP 417 DI 10.1038/nbt0597-416 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WX237 UT WOS:A1997WX23700019 PM 9131615 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Stevens, ME Sudanagunta, SP Bronson, RT Makhinson, M Watabe, AM ODell, TJ Fung, J Weier, HUG Cheng, JF Rubin, EM AF Smith, DJ Stevens, ME Sudanagunta, SP Bronson, RT Makhinson, M Watabe, AM ODell, TJ Fung, J Weier, HUG Cheng, JF Rubin, EM TI Functional screening of 2 Mb of human chromosome 21q22.2 in transgenic mice implicates minibrain in learning defects associated with Down's syndrome SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; GAMMA-MUTANT MICE; CGMP-PHOSPHODIESTERASE; BETA-SUBUNIT; RD MOUSE; HIPPOCAMPAL; GENE; GENERATION; DISRUPTION; DEFICITS AB Using Down syndrome as a model for complex trait analysis, we sought to identify loci from chromosome 21q22.2 which, when present in an extra dose, contribute to learning abnormalities. We generated low-copy-number transgenic mice, containing four different yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) that together cover approximately 2 megabases (Mb) of contiguous DNA from 21q22.2. We subjected independent lines derived from each of these YAC transgenes to a series of behavioural and learning assays. Two of the four YACs caused defects in learning and memory in the transgenic animals, while the other two YACs had no effect. The most severe defects were caused by a 570-kb YAC; the interval responsible for these defects was narrowed to a 180-kb critical region as a consequence of YAC fragmentation, This region contains the human homologue of a Drosophila gene, minibrain, and strongly implicates it in learning defects associated with Down syndrome. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,BERKELEY,CA 94720. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. JACKSON LAB,BAR HARBOR,ME 04609. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,BRAIN RES INST,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL18574] NR 46 TC 225 Z9 230 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1038/ng0597-28 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA WX024 UT WOS:A1997WX02400019 PM 9140392 ER PT J AU Tomlinson, PT Buchschacher, GL Teclaw, RM AF Tomlinson, PT Buchschacher, GL Teclaw, RM TI Sowing methods and mulch affect 1+0 northern red oak seedling quality SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Planting Stock Performance and Quality Assessment - Making the Grade CY SEP 11-15, 1994 CL SAULT ST MARIE, CANADA SP Minist Nat Resources, Ontario Forest Res Inst, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Grp Nursery Operat, Int Union Forestry Res Org, Grp Characterizat Plant Mat, Int Union Forestrt Res Org, Grp Physiol DE corncob mulch; lateral roots; nursery practices; root collar diameter; sawdust mulch; seedling density; sowing depth AB The effects of sowing depth, seedling density and mulches on northern red oak seedling survival and growth were evaluated in Wilson State Forest Nursery in southwest Wisconsin. USA. Sowing depths between 2.2 and 6.3 cm, combined with sowing densities of 75 and 150 acorns . m(-2) made up five sowing method plots. Mulch treatments of ground corncobs aged 1 year, hardwood sawdust aged 2 years, and no mulch made up 3 subplot treatments. Treatments resulted in a range of densities from 18 to 148 seedlings . m(-2). Mulch delayed emergence and increased seedling survival. Increasing sowing depth also delayed emergence. Corncob mulch increased root collar diameter; however, hardwood sawdust, aged for 2 years, decreased both root collar diameter and the number of permanent first-order lateral roots. Increasing sowing depth decreased root dry mass but increased shoot dry mass. Increasing density from 18 to 148 seedlings . m(-2) decreased root dry mass in this study. RP Tomlinson, PT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, 5985 HIGHWAY K, RHINELANDER, WI 54501 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1-3 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1023/A:1006534324616 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WP278 UT WOS:A1997WP27800013 ER PT J AU Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA AF Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA TI Fructan oligomers in Poa ampla SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE fructan; cold temperature; levan; 6-SST; oligomers ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; EXCISED LEAVES; LOLIUM-TEMULENTUM; BIOSYNTHESIS; PURIFICATION; SEPARATION; DACTYLIS; FESTUCA; BROMUS AB Ion exchange chromatography of water extracts was used to classify the fructans in leaves of 40 temperate dicots and 110 temperate grass species. Of the 150 species studied, only Poa ampla (Merrill) contained a single beta-2,6 linked fructan series. All other species grown at 10/5 degrees C day/night temperatures (16 h dap) contained some beta-1,2 linked oligofructans, even when the major fructan series was beta-2,6 linked. Leaves of P. arnpba plants grown at 15/10 degrees C day/night temperatures contained some beta-1,2 linked fructans and raffinose in addition to the dominant beta-2,6 series, but did not contain significant amounts of 1-kestose or bifurcose (1&6-kestotetraose). Leaves of Poa arctica R.Br. and Poa bulbosa L. contained significant amounts of raffinose and various beta-1,2 linked oligomers but no 1-kestose. In vivo synthesis of 6-kestose in leaves of P. ampla grown at 10/5 degrees C proceeds in the absence of significant amounts of either 1-kestose or bifurcose. Thus P. ampla probably has a specific 6-SST (6-sucrose-sucrosefructosyl transferase) and might provide a ready source of beta-2,6 linked grass fructan. RP Chatterton, NJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 136 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00716.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XD692 UT WOS:A1997XD69200002 ER PT J AU Zabel, CJ Waters, JR AF Zabel, CJ Waters, JR TI Food preferences of captive northern flying squirrels from the Lassen National Forest in northeastern California SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POTOROO POTOROUS-TRIDACTYLUS; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; FIR FORESTS; OREGON; MYCORRHIZAL; SPOROCARPS; DESIGN; DIET AB Hypogeous sporocarps of mycorrhizal fungi (truffles) are a common food of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) and many other species of small mammals. Forest management practices and natural disturbances can affect both total amounts and species composition of truffles. We conducted cafeteria-style feeding trials to compare preferences of northern flying squirrels captured in the Lassen National Forest in northeastern California among sporocarps of 5 species of fungi (3 truffle species and 2 species of secotioid fungi), 2 species of lichens, and fir (Abies magnifica and A. concolor) seeds. Feeding trials were performed on 7 male squirrels for 4 consecutive nights. Mean proportion of food eaten varied significantly among the 3 truffle species, between the 2 species of secotioid fungi, and between the 2 lichen species. Mean proportion of food eaten was greatest for 2 of the truffle species, followed by the lichen Bryoria fremontii. These results indicate that northern flying squirrels preferred truffles over certain types of other naturally occurring foods, and that preference varied significantly among sporocarps of different fungal species. Natural disturbance and forest management that alter the species composition of fungal sporocarps are likely to affect the availability of foods preferred by northern flying squirrels. RP Zabel, CJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 71 IS 2 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XM580 UT WOS:A1997XM58000004 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC AF Lukaski, HC TI A new approach to estimate changes in total body water by bioelectrical impedance analysis SO NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD MAY PY 1997 VL 13 IS 5 BP 474 EP 475 DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00113-5 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XJ082 UT WOS:A1997XJ08200016 PM 9225344 ER PT J AU Danforth, HD Allen, PC Levander, OA AF Danforth, HD Allen, PC Levander, OA TI The effect of high n-3 fatty acids diets on the ultrastructural development of Eimeria tenella SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID E-DEFICIENT DIET; VITAMIN-E; PLASMODIUM-YOELII; FISH OIL; MALARIA; MICE AB A study of development of Eimeria tenella in chickens fed high n-3 fatty acids (n-3FA) diets showed ultrastructural degeneration of both asexual and sexual parasite stages. Abnormal shedding of asexual and sexual parasite developmental stages into the cecal lumen was also observed. Ultrastructural degeneration was characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization, chromatin condensation within the nucleus, a lack of parasitophorous vacuole delineation, and, in some cases, a complete loss of parasite ultrastructural organization. The results of this study indicate that diets high in n-3FA may be useful in the control of avian coccidia. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Danforth, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BARC E,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0044-3255 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 83 IS 5 BP 440 EP 444 DI 10.1007/s004360050277 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA XB795 UT WOS:A1997XB79500005 PM 9197390 ER PT J AU Danforth, HD Lee, EH Martin, A Dekich, M AF Danforth, HD Lee, EH Martin, A Dekich, M TI Evaluation of a gel-immunization technique used with two different Immucox vaccine formulations in battery and floor-pen trials with broiler chickens SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The use of a gel-immunization technique with Immucox vaccination was compared and evaluated against other immunization methods in battery and floor-pen immunization trials. Gel immunization was found to be superior to immunization by gavage, by spray cabinet, or by the conventional delivery method of Immucox in a battery trial. Significantly enhanced protection as measured by weight gain, coupled with the establishment of a more uniform primary immunizing infection as evidenced by greater intestinal lesions and increased oocyst shedding, was seen in gel-immunized birds. In addition, cross-protective battery trials determined that the strain of Eimeria maxima found in the Immucox vaccine failed to elicit protection against a recent field isolate of E. maxima as measured by average weight gain and lesion scores. A reformulation of the Immucox vaccine that included the field isolate of E. maxima was required to elicit a protective immune response against challenge by the field strain. A floor-pen experiment demonstrated that gel immunization of 1-day-old roaster chickens resulted in performance parameters of average weight gain, average bird weight, and feed conversion that did not differ significantly from those recorded for medicated nonimmunized birds. C1 VETECH LABS INC, ROCKWOOD, ON NOB 2KO, CANADA. EMBREX INC, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. PERDUE FARMS INC, SALISBURY, MD 21802 USA. RP Danforth, HD (reprint author), ARS, PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,USDA,LPSI,BLDG 1040, ROOM 103,BARC E, 10300 BALTIMORE AVE, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 83 IS 5 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s004360050278 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA XB795 UT WOS:A1997XB79500006 PM 9197391 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Gardner, SL Campbell, RA AF Hoberg, EP Gardner, SL Campbell, RA TI Paradigm shifts and tapeworm systematics SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,STATE MUSEUM,HAROLD W MANTER LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68588. SE MASSACHUSETTS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,N DARTMOUTH,MA 02747. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYSTEMAT & NATL PARASITE COLLECT UNIT,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD MAY PY 1997 VL 13 IS 5 BP 161 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S0169-4758(97)01019-3 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA WW510 UT WOS:A1997WW51000001 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Bunce, JA AF Ziska, LH Bunce, JA TI The role of temperature in determining the stimulation of CO2 assimilation at elevated carbon dioxide concentration in soybean seedlings SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE acclimation; elevated CO2; feedback inhibition; Glycine max; leaf area index; self-shading; soybean ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENRICHMENT; ACCLIMATION; LEAVES; GROWTH; PLANTS AB Soybean (Glycine max cv. Clark) was gown at both ambient (ca 350 mu mol mol(-1)) and elevated (ca 700 mu mol mol(-1)) CO2 concentration at 5 growth temperatures (constant day/night temperatures of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 degrees C) for 17-22 days after sowing to determine the interaction between temperature and CO2 concentration on photosynthesis (measured as A, the rate of CO2 assimilation per unit leaf area) at both the single leaf and whole plant level. Single leaves of soybean demonstrated increasingly greater stimulation of A at elevated CO2 as temperature increased from 25 to 35 degrees C (i.e. optimal growth rates). At 40 degrees C, primary leaves failed to develop and plants eventually died. in contrast, for both whole plant A and total biomass production, increasing temperature resulted in less stimulation by elevated CO2 concentration. For whole plants, increased CO2 stimulated leaf area more as growth temperature increased. Differences between the response of A to elevated CO2 for single leaves and whole plants may be related to increased self-shading experienced by whole plants at elevated CO2 as temperature increased. Results from the present study suggest that self-shading could limit the response of CO2 assimilation rate and the growth response of soybean plants if temperature and CO2 increase concurrently, and illustrate that light may be an important consideration in predicting the relative stimulation of photosynthesis by elevated CO2 at the whole plant level. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BLDG 046A,10300 BALTIMORE AV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 100 IS 1 BP 126 EP 132 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.1000113.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WZ463 UT WOS:A1997WZ46300013 ER PT J AU Cornish, K Bartlett, DL AF Cornish, K Bartlett, DL TI Stabilisation of particle integrity and particle bound cis-prenyl transferase activity in stored, purified rubber particles SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE cis-1,4-polyisoprene; cis-prenyl transferase; natural rubber; rubber particles; rubber transferase ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEINS; GUAYULE AB Biochemical studies of rubber particle bound cis-prenyl transferase (rubber transferase, EC 2.5.1.20) activity have been complicated due to instability of the enzyme in purified rubber particles. Parthenium argentatum rubber transferase activity represents an extreme case of instability, which necessitated fresh preparation of enzymatically active particles from living plant tissue for every experiment. This problem was compounded because rubber transferase activity is environmentally induced in II argentatum, and is only strongly active during the winter months thus restricting biochemical experimentation to this season. In this paper, we describe a method which permits long term storage of enzymatically active rubber particles of II argentatum, and validate its use in two contrasting laticiferous rubber producing species, Hevea brasiliensis and Ficus elastica. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199705)8:3<130::AID-PCA346>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA WY859 UT WOS:A1997WY85900007 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM Lowell, CA Nelsen, TC AF Kuo, TM Lowell, CA Nelsen, TC TI Occurrence of pinitol in developing soybean seed tissues SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glycine max; soybean; leguminosae seed tissues; occurrence; cyclitol; pinitol; myo-inositol; raffinose saccharides ID METABOLISM; STARCH; ACCUMULATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; CYCLITOLS; RAFFINOSE; PATHWAY; SUGARS; MASS AB Pinitol (1D-3O-methyl-chiro-inositol) was found to be a major cyclitol present in developing soybean (Glycine max) seed tissues. Pinitol was isolated by HPLC and identified via a combination of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectral fragmentation comparisons with authentic pinitol. Changes in the concentration of pinitol were compared to those of myo-inositol, starch and raffinose saccharides in seed coats, cotyledons and embryonic axes of field-grown soybeans during seed development. In all three tissues, as seeds were progressing toward maturity, there were strong correlations between the decrease of myo-inositol and starch and the increase of raffinose saccharides. Pinitol was correlated negatively with raffinose saccharides in both seed coats and axes, but this correlation was insignificant in cotyledons. Pinitol concentration in all tissues fluctuated more than other components during seed development, and it decreased sharply as axes turned yellow and rapidly accumulated raffinose saccharides. The results suggest that pinitol may represent a transient component of the carbon pool in soybean seed tissues during development toward physiological maturity. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,OIL CHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00795-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA WV396 UT WOS:A1997WV39600005 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Nordeen, RO Di, M Owens, LD McBeath, JH AF Huang, Y Nordeen, RO Di, M Owens, LD McBeath, JH TI Expression of an engineered cecropin gene cassette in transgenic tobacco plants confers disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibacterial protein; bacterial disease resistance; plant genetic engineering ID TABTOXININE-BETA-LACTAM; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; BACTERIAL DISEASE; TOXIN; ACTIVATION; PROMOTER; PROTEINS; FAMILY AB A chimeric gene fusion cassette, consisting of a secretory sequence from barley alpha-amylase joined to a modified cecropin (MB39) coding sequence and placed under control of the promoter and terminator from the potato proteinase inhibitor II (PiII) gene, was introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic and control plants reacted differently when inoculated with tobacco wildfire pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci at various cell concentrations. With control plants (transformed with a PiII-GUS [beta-D-glucuronidase] gene fusion), necrosis was clearly visible in leaf tissue infiltrated with bacterial inoculum levels of 10(2), 10(3), 10(4), 10(5), and 10(6) CFU/ml. With MB39-transgenic plants, however, necrosis was observed only in the areas infiltrated with the two highest levels (10(5) and 10(6) CFU/ml). No necrosis was evident in areas infiltrated with bacterial concentrations of 10(4) CFU/ml or less. Bacterial multiplication in leaves of MB39-transgenic plants was suppressed more than 10-fold compared to control plants, and absence of disease symptom development was associated with this growth suppression. We conclude that the pathogen-induced promoter and the secretory sequence were competent elements for transforming a cecropin gene into an effective disease-control gene for plants. C1 USDA,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,DEPT PLANT & ANIM SCI,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 35 TC 71 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 87 IS 5 BP 494 EP 499 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.5.494 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN268 UT WOS:A1997XN26800002 PM 18945103 ER PT J AU Engelkes, CA Nuclo, RL Fravel, DR AF Engelkes, CA Nuclo, RL Fravel, DR TI Effect of carbon, nitrogen, and C:N ratio on growth, sporulation, and biocontrol efficacy of Talaromyces flavus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solanum melongena; Verticillium dahliae ID COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; SOIL SOLARIZATION; WILT; MICROSCLEROTIA AB Five-day biomass production by the biocontrol fungus Talaromyces flavus was measured in a liquid basal medium, pH 5.5, containing each of 37 carbon (C) sources with a single nitrogen (N) source, and each of 42 N sources with a single C source. In general, production of biomass was greatest on complex sugars such as polysaccharides (32 g/liter of medium) and beta-glucosides (2.4 g/liter of medium), and was least on monosaccharides (1.3 g/liter of medium). Ascospore production at 6 weeks on solid basal medium with the same amount of these same 37 degrees C sources was greatest on oligosaccharides (2.9 x 10(8) spores per 5.5-cm-diameter petri dish), and least on polysaccharides and monosaccharides (1.6 and 1.4 x 10(8) spores per 5.5-cm-diameter petri dish, respectively). For C sources, there was no correlation between production of ascospores and hyphal dry weight. The various N sources yielded 0 to 10(9) ascospores per 5.5-cm-diameter petri dish and 10(-4) to 10(-5) g of hyphal dry weight per milliliter. In general, N sources that resulted in the greatest number of ascospores also yielded the greatest hyphal dry weights. For the two C and two N sources tested, the number of ascospores increased as the ratio of C to N increased from 5:1 to 30:1. This effect was most obvious as the C:N ratio increased from 5:1 to 15:1. At low C:N ratios (<15:1), treatments with hypoxanthine as a N source resulted in significantly greater production of biomass than treatments with ammonium tartrate; no difference was observed at C:N ratios greater than or equal to 15:1. Incidence of Verticillium wilt was 50% lower for eggplants drenched with ascospores grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) compared with eggplants either nondrenched or drenched with ascospores grown on media with hypoxanthine plus lactose or maltose. Thus, C and N sources that slightly increased ascospore production of T. flavus reduced efficacy of biocontrol of Verticillium wilt compared with ascospores produced on PDA. C1 ARS,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 87 IS 5 BP 500 EP 505 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.5.500 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN268 UT WOS:A1997XN26800003 PM 18945104 ER PT J AU Russin, JS Guo, BZ Tubajika, KM Brown, RL Cleveland, TE Widstrom, NW AF Russin, JS Guo, BZ Tubajika, KM Brown, RL Cleveland, TE Widstrom, NW TI Comparison of kernel wax from corn genotypes resistant or susceptible to Aspergillus flavus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food safety; mycotoxin; pericarp; Zea mays ID AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; MAIZE KERNELS; STRAINS; FIELD; CUTIN; EAR AB Kernels of corn genotype GT-MAS:gk are resistant to Aspergillus flavus. Earlier studies showed that this resistance is due in part to kernel pericarp wax. Experiments were conducted to compare wax from GT-MAS:gk kernels with that from kernels of several susceptible commercial hybrids. GT-MAS:gk had more pericarp wax than did the susceptible hybrids. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that GT-MAS:gk kernels appeared rough and showed abundant wax deposits on kernel surfaces. Susceptible kernels appeared much more smooth and lacked the abundant surface deposits observed in GT-MAS:gk. In vitro bioassays showed that kernel wax from GT-MAS:gk reduced A. flavus colony diameter by 35%. Colony diameters on a medium amended with wax from susceptible kernels did not differ from those of controls. Thin-layer chromatography and analyses of chromatograms using NIH Image software showed a distinctive composition for GT-MAS:gk kernel wax. Chromatograms of wax from GT-MAS:gk contained a peak unique to this genotype, but also lacked a peak common to all susceptible hybrids. This is the first report of specific kernel factors involved in resistance to A. flavus in corn. C1 ARS, USDA, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. ARS, USDA, INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. RP Russin, JS (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, CTR AGR, DEPT PLANT PATHOL & CROP PHYSIOL, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. NR 29 TC 52 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 87 IS 5 BP 529 EP 533 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.5.529 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN268 UT WOS:A1997XN26800007 PM 18945108 ER PT J AU Hughes, G McRoberts, N Madden, LV Gottwald, TR AF Hughes, G McRoberts, N Madden, LV Gottwald, TR TI Relationships between disease incidence at two levels in a spatial hierarchy SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cluster sampling; Elsinoe fawcettii; Plasmopara viticola; plum pox virus disease ID HETEROGENEITY; POPULATIONS; SEVERITY; MODELS AB Relationships between disease incidence measured at two levels in a spatial hierarchy are derived. These relationships are based on the properties of the binomial distribution, the beta-binomial distribution, and an empirical power-law relationship that relates observed variance to theoretical binomial variance of disease incidence. Data sets for demonstrating and testing these relationships are based on observations of the incidence of grape downy mildew, citrus tristeza, and citrus scab. Disease incidence at the higher of the two scales is shown to be an asymptotic function of incidence at the lower scale, the degree of aggregation at that scale, and the size of the sampling unit. For a random pattern, the relationship between incidence measured at two spatial scales does not depend on any unknown parameters. In that case, an equation for estimating an approximate variance of disease incidence at the lower of the two scales from incidence measurements made at the higher scale is derived for use in the context of sampling. It is further shown that the effect of aggregation of incidence at the lower of the two scales is to reduce the rate of increase of disease incidence at the higher scale. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. ARS,USDA,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. SCOTTISH AGR COLL,DEPT PLANT SCI,AYR KA6 5HW,SCOTLAND. RP Hughes, G (reprint author), UNIV EDINBURGH,INST ECOL & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,W MAINS RD,EDINBURGH EH9 3JG,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. RI McRoberts, Neil/E-7778-2012 OI McRoberts, Neil/0000-0001-6346-9461 NR 36 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 87 IS 5 BP 542 EP 550 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.5.542 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN268 UT WOS:A1997XN26800009 PM 18945110 ER PT J AU Kim, DS Cook, RJ Weller, DM AF Kim, DS Cook, RJ Weller, DM TI Bacillus sp. L324-92 for biological control of three root diseases of wheat grown with reduced tillage SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; soilborne pathogens; Triticum aestivum ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; TAKE-ALL; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CEREUS UW85; RHIZOSPHERE; SOIL; ROT; PATHOGENS AB Strain L324-92 is a novel Bacillus sp. with biological activity against three root diseases of wheat, namely take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Rhizoctonia root rat caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG8, and Pythium root rot caused mainly by Pythium irregulare and II ultimum, that exhibits broad-spectrum inhibitory activity and grows at temperatures from 4 to 40 degrees C. These three root diseases are major yield-Limiting factors for wheat in the U.S. Inland Pacific Northwest, especially wheat direct-drilled into the residue of a previous cereal crop. Strain L324-92 was selected from among approximately 2,000 rhizosphere/rhizoplane isolates of Bacillus species isolated from roots of wheat collected from two eastern Washington wheat fields that had long histories of wheat. Roots were washed, heat-treated (80 degrees C for 30 min), macerated, and dilution-plated on 1/10-strength tryptic say agar. Strain L324-92 inhibited all isolates of G. graminis var. tritici, Rhizoctonia species and anastomosis groups, and Pythium species tested on agar at 15 degrees C; provided significant suppression of all three root diseases at 15 degrees C in growth chamber assays; controlled either Rhizoctonia root rot, take-all, or both; and increased yields in field tests in which one or more of the three root diseases of wheats were yield-limiting factors. The ability of L324-92 to grow at 4 degrees C probably contributes to its biocontrol activity on direct-drilled winter and spring wheat because, under Inland Northwest conditions, leaving harvest residues of the previous crop on the soil surface keeps soils cooler compared with tilled soils. These results suggest that Bacillus species with desired traits for biological control of wheat root diseases are present within the community of wheat rhizosphere microorganisms and can be recovered by protocols developed earlier for isolation of fluorescent Pseudomonas species effective against take-all. C1 ARS, USDA, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. NR 50 TC 96 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 87 IS 5 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.5.551 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN268 UT WOS:A1997XN26800010 PM 18945111 ER PT J AU Kim, DS Weller, DM Cook, RJ AF Kim, DS Weller, DM Cook, RJ TI Population dynamics of Bacillus sp. L324-92R(12) and Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79RN(10) in the rhizosphere of wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; microbial ecology; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; Triticum aestivum ID TAKE-ALL; ROOT COLONIZATION; SOIL BACTERIA; WINTER-WHEAT; STRAIN; PATHOGENS; B153-2-2 AB Bacillus sp. L324-92 is suppressive to three root diseases of wheat, namely take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Rhizoctonia root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG8, and Pythium root rot caused by several Pythium species. Populations of strain L324-92R(12) a rifampicin-resistant mutant of L324-92 applied as a seed treatment, were monitored in the rhizosphere and spermosphere of wheat and compared with populations of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79RN(10), a known, rhizosphere-competent, biocontrol agent. In growth chamber studies, the population sizes of L324-92R(12) on roots of wheat were approximately 1,000-fold smaller than those of 2-79RN(10) at 5 days after planting, but, thereafter, they increased while those of 2-79RN(10) decreased until the two were equal in size at 45 days after planting. In the field with winter wheat, the population sizes of L324-92R(12) on roots were at least 10-fold smaller than those of 2-79RN(10) during the fall (November 1993) and early spring (March 1994). Thereafter, the population of L324-92R(12) remained constant or increased slightly, while the population of 2-79RN(10) decreased until the two were roughly the same at 10(4) to 10(5) CFU/plant over the period of 150 days (April 1994) until 285 days (harvest) after planting. In growth chamber studies, strain L324-92R(12) remained confined to root sections within 3.5 cm below the seed, whereas 2-79RN(10) was recovered from all root sections ranging from 0.5 to 6.5 cm below the seed. In the field on winter wheat, both strains were recovered from root sections down to 5.0 to 6.5 cm below the seed at 75 days after planting (mid December), but only 2-79RN(10) was recovered at this depth at 90 days after planting. Both strains were recovered from the seed remnants 6 months after planting in the field. Both strains also were recovered from inside the roots and shoots, but population sizes of strain 2-79RN(10) were greater than those of L324-92R(12). C1 ARS,USDA,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 87 IS 5 BP 559 EP 564 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.5.559 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN268 UT WOS:A1997XN26800011 PM 18945112 ER PT J AU Larsen, PB Stenzler, LM Tai, CY Degenhardt, J Howell, SH Kochian, LV AF Larsen, PB Stenzler, LM Tai, CY Degenhardt, J Howell, SH Kochian, LV TI Molecular and physiological analysis of Arabidopsis mutants exhibiting altered sensitivities to aluminium SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH CY MAR 17-24, 1996 CL BELO HORIZONT, BRAZIL DE aluminium; Arabidopsis; mutant; root ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ROOT APICES; WHEAT; TOLERANCE; ACID; EXUDATION; TOXICITY; CELLS AB Arabidopsis mutants with altered Al sensitivities have been isolated with the goal of identifying genes important for Al resistance and toxicity. By screening in a high-Al environment, seven Al-resistant mutants (air) were isolated. The air mutants were semi-dominant and constitute at least two unique loci in Arabidopsis. Nine Al-sensitive mutants (als) were also isolated. Complementation analysis revealed that of the nine als mutants, eight represent unique loci, indicating that Al sensitivity is genetically complex in Arabidopsis. The characterization of mutants with altered Al sensitivity will provide greater insights into the mechanisms of Al toxicity and resistance on a molecular and biochemical level. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 16 TC 1 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1997 VL 192 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1023/A:1004299904025 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XW629 UT WOS:A1997XW62900001 ER PT J AU Baligar, VC Pitta, GVE Gama, EEG Schaffert, RE Bahia, AFD Clark, RB AF Baligar, VC Pitta, GVE Gama, EEG Schaffert, RE Bahia, AFD Clark, RB TI Soil acidity effects on nutrient use efficiency in exotic maize genotypes SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH CY MAR 17-24, 1996 CL BELO HORIZONT, BRAZIL DE aluminium toxicity; P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn efficiency; Zea mays L. ID MINERAL UPTAKE; ALUMINUM; GROWTH; SORGHUM; RATIOS AB Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal grown in the world. In South and Central America, maize is mostly grown on acidic soils. On these soils, yields are limited by deficient levels of available P, Ca, and Mg, and toxic levels of Al and Mn. A greenhouse study was conducted with 22 maize genotypes originating from Africa, Europe, and North, Central, and South America on acid, dark red latosol (Typic Haplorthox) at 2%, 41%, and 64% Al saturation at corresponding pH of 5.6, 4.5, and 4.3. With increasing Al levels, the nutrient efficiency ratios (NER = mgs of dry shoot weight/mg of element in shoot) for K, Ca and Mg increased, and NER for P and Zn tended to decrease. Overall, Al-tolerant genotypes produced higher shoot and root weight and had higher NER for P, Ca MS, and Fe at 41% Al saturation. Genotypes used in this study showed genetic diversity for growth and NER of essential nutrients. It was concluded that selection of acid-soil-tolerant genotypes and further breeding of acid-soil-tolerant maize cultivars are feasible. C1 EMBRAPA,CNPMS,BR-35701970 SETE LAGOAS,MG,BRAZIL. RP Baligar, VC (reprint author), ARS,USDA,ASWCR LAB,BEAVER,WV 25813, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1997 VL 192 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1023/A:1004260222681 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XW629 UT WOS:A1997XW62900002 ER PT J AU Clark, RB AF Clark, RB TI Arbuscular mycorrhizal adaptation, spore germination, root colonization, and host plant growth and mineral acquisition at low pH SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH CY MAR 17-24, 1996 CL BELO HORIZONT, BRAZIL DE acid soil; AM fungi; Endogonaceae; Glomales ID ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INOCULATION; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; STYLOSANTHES-GUIANENSIS; PHOSPHORUS APPLICATIONS; SOIL-PH; ALUMINUM; SORGHUM; LIME AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonize plant roots and often enhance host plant growth and mineral acquisition, particularly for plants grown under low nutrient and mineral stress conditions. Information about AM fungi and mycorrhizal (+AM) host plant responses at low pH(< 5) is limited. Acaulaspora are widely reported in acid soil, and Gigaspora sp, appear to be more common in acid soils than Glomus sp. Spores of some AM fungi are more tolerant to acid conditions and high Al than others; Acaulospora sp., Gigaspora sp., and Glomus manihotis are particularly tolerant. Root colonization is generally less in low than in high pH soils. Percentage root colonization is generally not related to dry matter (DM) produced. Maximum enhancement of plant growth in acid soil varies with AM fungal isolate and soil pH, indicating adaptation of AM isolates to edaphic conditions. Acquisition of many mineral nutrients other than P and Zn is enhanced by +AM plants in acid soil, and the minerals whose concentration is enhanced are those commonly deficient in acid soils (Ca, Mg, and K). Some AM fungal isolates are effective in overcoming soil acidity factors, especially Al toxicity, that restrict plant growth at low pH. RP Clark, RB (reprint author), AGR RES SERV, USDA, APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, POB 400, BEAVER, WV 25813 USA. NR 42 TC 101 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1997 VL 192 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1023/A:1004218915413 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XW629 UT WOS:A1997XW62900003 ER PT J AU Pellet, DM Papernik, LA Jones, DL Darrah, PR Grunes, DL Kochian, LV AF Pellet, DM Papernik, LA Jones, DL Darrah, PR Grunes, DL Kochian, LV TI Involvement of multiple aluminium exclusion mechanisms in aluminium tolerance in wheat SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH CY MAR 17-24, 1996 CL BELO HORIZONT, BRAZIL DE aluminium tolerance; malate; phosphate; rhizosphere pH; root (apex exudate); Triticum ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ZEA-MAYS L; ROOT APICES; RHIZOSPHERE; ACID; TOXICITY; EFFLUX; MALATE AB The goal of this study was to determine if AI-chelators other than malate are released from root apices and are involved in Al-tolerance in different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Also we wanted to establish if root exudates contribute to increases in rhizosphere pH around the root tip. In seedlings of Al-tolerant Atlas, we have documented a constitutive phosphate exudation from the root apex. Because phosphate can complex Al and bind protons, it could play an important role in Al tolerance, both via complexation of Al3+ and by contributing to the alkalinization of rhizosphere pH observed at the apex of Atlas. This study suggests that in wheat, Al-tolerance can be mediated by multiple exclusion mechanisms controlled by different genes. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PLANT SCI,OXFORD OX1 2JD,ENGLAND. RI Jones, Davey/C-7411-2011; OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 22 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1997 VL 192 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1023/A:1004256121772 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XW629 UT WOS:A1997XW62900009 ER PT J AU Andrade, G Mihara, KL Linderman, RG Bethlenfalvay, GJ AF Andrade, G Mihara, KL Linderman, RG Bethlenfalvay, GJ TI Bacteria from rhizosphere and hyphosphere soils of different arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Glomus; hyphosphere; mycorrhiza; Pseudomonas; rhizosphere; soil bacteria; soil hyphae; Sorghum ID ROOT EXUDATION; PLANT; PHOSPHORUS; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; INOCULATION; CUCUMBER AB Effects of roots and of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the composition of soil bacterial colonies and the combined effects of AM fungus-rhizobacterium associations on plant and soil development are little-known. We grew sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) either nonsymbiotically or colonized by one of two isolates of the AM fungi Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, or Glomus mosseae. The isolates were either exotic or native to the test soil. Soils adhering (rhizosphere) or not adhering (hyphosphere) to the roots were sampled 45 days after planting. Total populations of bacteria were estimated by counting colony-forming units on a nonselective medium and grouped by colony and cell morphology. Rhizosphere populations of fluorescent pseudomonads were determined on P1 medium. Visually distinct isolates were selected for identification by Fatty-Acid-Methyl-Esther analysis; of these 25 were found to be separate species. Bacterial numbers were greater in rhizo- than in hyphosphere soil. Isolates of Bacillus and Arthrobacter were most frequent in hyphosphere and Pseudomonas in rhizosphere soils. More bacterial species were encountered in hyphosphere than in rhizosphere soil, and bacterial communities varied within and among AM treatments. The development of the AM mycelium in soil had little influence on the composition of the microflora in the hyphosphere, while AM root colonization was positively related with bacterial numbers in the hyphosphere and with the presence of Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere. The results suggest that qualitative effects of the AM fungal taxon on the hyphosphere, such as the nature of exudates, are more important to composition and proliferation of rhizobacteria than the quantitative development of AM soil mycelia. C1 AGR RES SERV, USDA, HORT CROPS RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA. RI Andrade, Galdino/B-3757-2012 NR 37 TC 165 Z9 181 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1997 VL 192 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1023/A:1004249629643 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XW629 UT WOS:A1997XW62900010 ER PT J AU Grieve, CM Suarez, DL AF Grieve, CM Suarez, DL TI Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): A halophytic crop for drainage water reuse systems SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE leaf areas; salinity; sand cultures; selenium; water use ID SULFATE SALINITY; SELENIUM; CHLORIDE; BORON; SOIL; PLANTS; GROWTH; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS; ACCUMULATION; PHOSPHORUS AB Drainage water reuse systems have been proposed for the west side of the San Joaquin Valley of California in order to reduce the volumes of water requiring disposal. Implementation of this system requires development of a cropping system with successively higher salt tolerance. A major limitation is the need to identify alternate species that will be suitable as the final, most salt tolerant crop in the series. These crops must be productive when irrigated with waters that are typically high in sulfate salinity and may be contaminated with potentially toxic trace elements. This study was initiated to evaluate the interactive effects of sulfate salinity and selenium on biomass production and mineral content of purslane (Portulaca oleracea). Plants were grown in greenhouse sand cultures and irrigated four times daily. Treatments consisted of three salinity levels with electrical conductivities (ECi) of 2.1, 15.2, and 28.5 dS m(-1), and two selenium levels, 0 and 2.3 mg L-1. In the initial harvests, shoot dry matter was reduced by 15 to 30% at 15.2 dS m(-1) and by 80 to 90% at 28.5 dS m(-1). Regrowth after clipping above the first node was vigorous and biomass from plants irrigated with 15.2 dS m(-1) water was nearly double that from the 2 dS m(-1) treatment. Purslane appears to be an excellent candidate for inclusion in saline drainage water reuse systems. It is (i) highly tolerant of both chloride- and sulfate-dominated salinities, (ii) a moderate selenium accumulator in the sulfate-system, and (iii) a valuable, nutritive vegetable crop for human consumption and for livestock forage. RP Grieve, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 30 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1997 VL 192 IS 2 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1023/A:1004276804529 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XW630 UT WOS:A1997XW63000013 ER PT J AU Dalton, FN Maggio, A Piccinni, G AF Dalton, FN Maggio, A Piccinni, G TI Effect of root temperature on plant response functions for tomato: comparison of static and dynamic salinity stress indices SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article ID WATER; GROWTH AB The agronomic study of plant response to salinity uses root zone salinity as a primary treatment variable. Root zone salinity is a static index in that its value does not depend on any variable factors in the soil-plant-air continuum (SPAC) that simultaneously affect growth. In order to take into account the effect of variable parameters in the SPAC, the concept of a dynamic index was introduced and defined as the salt flux to the shoot relative to growth rate. The objective of this study was to compare the variability of these two indices as measures of salt tolerance in different environments and to ascertain which correlative variable is more directly linked to yield reduction; root zone salinity, a static index, or ion flux to the shoot, a dynamic index. This was accomplished by comparing the root temperature dependence of threshold values for each index respectively. Yield response to salinity was obtained for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Heinz 1350-vf) at two root temperatures, 18 degrees C and 25 degrees C, using 14 levels of salinity, 0 to 140 mM Cl, with a 2:1 Na-Ca ratio. Based on parametric analysis, the root zone chloride concentration threshold was increased 92% over the root temperature studied. In contrast, the threshold values of the dynamic indices were not statistically different at the two root temperatures. Plant shoot chloride concentration factor, expressed as the ratio of salt concentration in the shoot to salt concentration in the nutrient solution, decreased exponentially from 8 to 2 with increasing root zone salinity and was independent of temperature. Water use exhibited a strong temperature dependence and showed a sharp decline at root zone salinities corresponding to root zone salinity threshold values. Root/shoot ratio was independent of root zone salinity at least up to 80 mM Cl, and was significantly higher at the lower root temperature. It was concluded that root zone osmotic potential is not the fundamental causative factor determining the onset of yield reduction for the two temperatures studied, and that other elements related to growth and ion transport combine to determine a threshold value. These results indicate that it is a critical value of the salt flux to the shoot in relation to shoot growth rate that determines the onset of yield reduction and therefore is related more to the average salinity in the shoot than the average root zone salinity. This is evidence that specific biochemical mechanisms responsible for yield reduction reside in the shoot. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT HORT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP Dalton, FN (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRING RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1997 VL 192 IS 2 BP 307 EP 319 DI 10.1023/A:1004263505595 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XW630 UT WOS:A1997XW63000016 ER PT J AU BrownGuedira, GL Gill, BS Cox, TS Leath, S AF BrownGuedira, GL Gill, BS Cox, TS Leath, S TI Transfer of disease resistance genes from Triticum araraticum to common wheat SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Triticum araraticum; interspecific hybrid; introgression; leaf rust; powdery mildew ID POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; KARYOTYPE; AESTIVUM AB The wild tetraploid wheat species Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. var. araraticum is a source of pest resistance genes for Triticum aestivum L. Our objectives were to describe the breeding behaviour of T. araraticum when backcrossed to common wheat, and to transfer resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici) and powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp, tritici) to wheat. Crosses were made between five wheat genotypes and 12 T. araraticum accessions. Fertility and chromosome numbers of BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC3F1 plants were determined. Resistance to leaf rust was transferred to BC2-derived families from 10 different T. araraticum accessions. Leaf rust resistance genes in nine T. araraticum accessions can be assigned to at least four loci. Leaf rust resistance transferred from three accessions was inherited in the hexaploid derivatives as a single, dominant gene in each case. Resistance to powdery mildew was also detected in the T. araraticum backcross derivatives. Fertile hexaploid derivatives expressing T. araraticum-derived resistance genes can be recovered after two backcrosses to wheat cultivars. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,ARS,USDA,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,ARS,USDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BrownGuedira, GL (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,ARS,USDA,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,234 EASB 1101 W PEABODY DR,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 116 IS 2 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA XG323 UT WOS:A1997XG32300001 ER PT J AU Wagner, D Hoecker, U Quail, PH AF Wagner, D Hoecker, U Quail, PH TI RED1 is necessary for phytochrome B-mediated red light-specific signal transduction in Arabidopsis SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANTS; TERMINAL-DOMAIN; PHOTOSENSORY PERCEPTION; TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; REGULATORY ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELL ELONGATION; THALIANA; DEFICIENT AB Seedlings of a transgenic Arabidopsis line (ABO) that overexpresses phytochrome B (phyB) display enhanced deetiolation specifically in red light. To identify genetic loci necessary for phytochrome signal transduction in red light, we chemically mutagenized ABO seeds and screened Mg seedlings for revertants of the enhanced deetiolation response. One recessive, red light-specific extragenic revertant, designated red1, was isolated. The mutant phenotype was expressed in the original ABO background as well as in the nontransgenic Nossen (No-O) progenitor background. red1 is also deficient in several other aspects of red light-induced responses known to be mediated by phyB, such as inhibition of petiole elongation and the shade avoidance response. red1 was mapped to the bottom of chromosome 4 at a position distinct from all known photoreceptor loci. Together with complementation analysis, the data show that red1 is a novel photomorphogenic mutant. The evidence suggests that red1 represents a putative phytochrome signal transduction mutant potentially specific to the phyB pathway. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. OI Wagner, Doris/0000-0003-4656-2490 NR 62 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAY PY 1997 VL 9 IS 5 BP 731 EP 743 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA WZ631 UT WOS:A1997WZ63100007 PM 9165750 ER PT J AU Murthy, R Zarnoch, SJ Dougherty, PM AF Murthy, R Zarnoch, SJ Dougherty, PM TI Seasonal trends of light-saturated net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of loblolly pine trees grown in contrasting environments of nutrition, water and carbon dioxide SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda L; elevated CO2; net photosynthesis, repeated measures analysis; stomatal conductance ID DIFFERENT IRRADIANCE LEVELS; FOLIAR GAS-EXCHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; TAEDA SEEDLINGS; BRANCH BAG; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; LEAF AB Repeated measures analysis was used to evaluate the effect of long-term CO2 enhancement on seasonal trends of light-saturated rates of net photosynthesis (A(sat)) and stomatal conductance to water vapour (g(sat)) of 9-year-old loblolly pine (Pious taeda L.) trees grown in a 2 x 2 factorial experimental design of nutrition and water. A significant interaction effect of CO2 and nutrition on mean A(sat) was observed for juvenile foliage. Also, juvenile foliage exposed to + 350 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 had a higher rate of increase of A(sat) between late summer and early autumn. This would lead to a greater potential for recharging carbohydrate reserves for winter. Mature foliage was affected by CO2, water and nutrient treatments in two ways. First, A(sat) was significantly increased as a result of elevated CO2 in January, a period when stomatal conductance was only 47% of the maximum observed rate. Secondly, the rate of increase of A(sat) from winter to early spring was accelerated asa result of both nutrient + water and + 350 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 treatments. This accelerated response resulted in a greater potential for photosynthate production during the period when growth initiation occurred. Nutrient, water or carbon dioxide treatments did not significantly alter trends in g(sat) for mature or juvenile foliage. A significant nutrition x CO2 interaction was observed for the mature foliage, suggesting that g(sat) increased with increasing CO2 and nutrition. These results may have important consequences for the determination of the water use efficiency of loblolly pine. In spite of low g(sat) in the winter to early spring period, there was a substantial gain in A(sat) attributable to elevated CO2 concentrations. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. WESTVACO,SUMMERVILLE,SC 29484. RP Murthy, R (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,DEPT FORESTRY,BOX 8002,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 20 IS 5 BP 558 EP 568 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1997.00085.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WY180 UT WOS:A1997WY18000002 ER PT J AU Lerdau, M Keller, M AF Lerdau, M Keller, M TI Controls on isoprene emission from trees in a subtropical dry forest SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; emission; gas chromatography; global models, infrared gas analysis; isoprene; light response curve; photo-ionization detector; temperature response curve; tropical dry forest ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES AB Isoprene emission from vegetation is the single most important source of photochemically active reduced compounds to the atmosphere. We present the first controlled-environment measurements of isoprene emission from leaves of tropical forest trees. Our studies were conducted in the Guanica State Forest in Puerto Rico. We report the effects of temperature and light variations on biogenic isoprene emissions during 1995. Maximum emission rates varied among species from 0 to 268 nmol m(-2) s(-1). Values at the upper end of this range of maximum emission rates are 23 times higher than values reported from any temperate taxa. Isoprene emission showed strong sensitivity to light and temperature variations. In contrast to temperate plants, whose emissions tend to saturate at a light intensity of approximate to 1000 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), emissions from the tropical species increased with light intensity up to 2500 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). The temperature optima for emissions from these plants were similar to those previously reported for temperate plants: approximate to 40 degrees C. The high maximum emission rates and lack of light saturation indicate that estimates of isoprene emission from tropical forests need to be revised upwards. C1 US FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. RP Lerdau, M (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Lerdau, Manuel/E-7320-2011 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Lerdau, Manuel/0000-0003-1864-0834 NR 27 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 20 IS 5 BP 569 EP 578 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1997.00075.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WY180 UT WOS:A1997WY18000003 ER PT J AU Cheng, M Jarret, RL Li, Z Demski, JW AF Cheng, M Jarret, RL Li, Z Demski, JW TI Expression and inheritance of foreign genes in transgenic peanut plants generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE transgenic peanut; Agrobacterium; transformation; transgene expression; transgene inheritance ID TRANSFER DNA; STABILITY; TOBACCO; GENOME AB To evaluate and characterize the stability of traits transferred via Agrobacterium transformation, foreign gene expression must be examined in sexually derived progeny. The objective of this study was to analyze three transgenic peanut plants, 1-10, 12-1, and 17-1, for the inheritance and expression of their foreign genes. Segregation ratios for the introduced genes in T-2 plants gave either 100% or 3.1 expression of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, demonstrating recovery of both homozygous and heterozygous T-1 plants. Fluorometric GUS assay in T-1 and T-2 generations of all three plants showed that the GUS gene was stably expressed in the progeny. DNA analyses showed 100% concordance between the presence of the foreign gene and enzyme activity. Our results demonstrate that transgenes in peanut introduced by Agrobacterium can be inherited in a Mendelian manner. C1 ARS,USDA,PLANT GENET RESOURCES CONSERVAT UNIT,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAY PY 1997 VL 16 IS 8 BP 541 EP 544 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XB435 UT WOS:A1997XB43500006 ER PT J AU Mao, W Lewis, JA Hebbar, PK Lumsden, RD AF Mao, W Lewis, JA Hebbar, PK Lumsden, RD TI Seed treatment with a fungal or a bacterial antagonist for reducing corn damping-off caused by species of Pythium and Fusarium SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SHRUNKEN-2 SWEET CORN; APHANOMYCES ROOT-ROT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; BIOCONTROL FUNGI; TRICHODERMA; DISEASES; COLONIZATION; GLIOCLADIUM AB Bioassays were conducted under greenhouse conditions to test the efficacy of antagonists applied to corn (Zea mays) seed for protection against seed rot and seedling damping-off at 18 and 25 degrees C in a field soil artificially infested with a combination of Pythium ultimum, P. arrhenomanes, and Fusarium graminearum. Biomass of Gliocladium virens isolates G1-3 or G1-21, Trichoderma viride isolate Tv-l, or peat-based slurry of Burkholderia cepacia isolates Bc-B, Bc-T, or Bc-1 was coated individually onto corn seeds in one test, and G1-3 or Bc-B at four inoculum levels was used in another test. Seed treatments with most of the biocontrol agents, as well as with the fungicide captan, significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased seedling stand, plant height and fresh weight, and decreased root rot severity compared with untreated seeds in pathogen-infested soil. Coating seeds with the biocontrol fungus G. virens isolate G1-3 was the most effective treatment, resulting in greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) seedling stand, plant height, and fresh weight, and lower (P less than or equal to 0.05) severity of root rot than those parameters from seeds treated with captan or other antagonists at both temperatures. The results from the seeds treated with G1-3 were similar to those of untreated seeds in noninfested soil. In treatments with Bc-1, Bc-T, Bc-B, or Tv-l, incubation temperature affected plant emergence, root rot severity, plant height, and fresh weight (P less than or equal to 0.01). Conversely, in seeds coated with G1-3 or G1-21, these parameters were similar at both temperatures. The minimum number of propagules needed per corn seed to obtain plant emergence comparable to that from captan-treated seeds was between 10(4) and 10(5) CFU for G1-3 and >10(8) for Bc-B. When propagules of G1-3 were applied at a rate >10(6) CFU per seed, seedling emergence was greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) than that from captan-treated seeds. RP Mao, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 81 IS 5 BP 450 EP 454 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.5.450 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN283 UT WOS:A1997XN28300005 ER PT J AU Bauske, EM Bissonnette, SM Hewings, AD AF Bauske, EM Bissonnette, SM Hewings, AD TI Yield loss assessment of barley yellow dwarf disease on spring oat in Illinois SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VIRUS AB The quantitative relationship between yield of spring oat cvs. Ogle and Noble and incidence of barley yellow dwarf (BYD) disease caused by barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV-IL) was studied. Field plots were infested with Rhopalosiphum padi vectoring BYDV-PAV-IL. A linear critical point regression model was developed that related percentage of maximum yield to BYD incidence, assessed by estimating the percentage of plants with BYD symptoms at Feekes growth stage 10.5 in each plot. The model y = 96.9 - 0.45x (r(2) = 0.53) best explained the relationship. Test weight was unaffected by BYD. Although Noble consistently sustained higher disease incidence than Ogle, covariate analysis indicated that the effect of BYD on yield was similar for both cultivars. Studies of random versus focus inoculation of Noble oat, designed to determine the importance of compensation in reducing yield loss associated with BYD, indicated that compensation did not play an important role. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,URBANA,IL 61874. ARS,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61694. RP Bauske, EM (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT HORT,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 81 IS 5 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.5.485 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN283 UT WOS:A1997XN28300012 ER PT J AU Sands, DC Ford, EJ Miller, RV Sally, BK McCarthy, MK Anderson, TW Weaver, MB Morgan, CT Pilgeram, AL Darlington, LC AF Sands, DC Ford, EJ Miller, RV Sally, BK McCarthy, MK Anderson, TW Weaver, MB Morgan, CT Pilgeram, AL Darlington, LC TI Characterization of a vascular wilt of Erythroxylum coca caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli forma specialis nova SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE DNA; mycoherbicide; RAPD ID DIFFERENTIATION AB A new forma specialis of Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli) pathogenic to Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense is described. The pathogen was isolated from the vascular tissue of diseased plants from an Erythroxylum plantation in Hawaii. This pathogen causes vascular wilt symptoms and death in both E. coca and E. novogranatense plants as soon as 7 weeks after soil infestation. The pathogenicity of seven isolates from the affected field was determined in field and growth-chamber studies. Genetic variation was not detected among the seven Hawaiian isolates, using arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. The seven isolates could be differentiated from a strain isolated from a diseased E. coca plant from South America. All Hawaiian isolates and the South American isolate belonged to a single vegetative compatibility group. C1 USDA ARS,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Sands, DC (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 81 IS 5 BP 501 EP 504 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.5.501 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN283 UT WOS:A1997XN28300016 ER PT J AU Hartman, GL Huang, YH Nelson, RL Noel, GR AF Hartman, GL Huang, YH Nelson, RL Noel, GR TI Germplasm evaluation of Glycine max for resistance to Fusarium solani, the causal organism of sudden death syndrome SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE soybean disease resistance; toxin resistance ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; CULTIVAR AB Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is an important soybean disease that potentially can be controlled by host plant resistance. In this study, over 800 soybean plant introductions (PIs), lines, and cultivars were screened for resistance to Fusarium solani. Of 728 PIs from China, PI 567.374 had mean foliar SDS severities significantly (P = 0.05) lower than PI 520.733 (resistant check) in both growth-chamber and greenhouse tests. In addition, PIs 567.315, 567.441C, 567.650B, and 567.664 had mean SDS severity ratings significantly (P = 0.05) lower than PI 520.733 in a growth-chamber test. Of 16 soybean cyst nematode-resistant entries tested, 5 had values lower than the resistant check, PI 520.733, with cv. Hartwig significantly lower in the first trial. In trial two, no entries were lower than the resistant check, although cvs. Bell and Hartwig were not significantly different from PI 520.733. In another experiment, few soybean cultivars or experimental lines had SDS severity ratings lower than PI 520.733 in any one of three trials. Some of the newly acquired PIs from China that exhibited low foliar SDS severity ratings may provide the sources of resistance needed to develop new SDS-resistant soybean breeding lines and cultivars. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT CROP SCI, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 70 EASB, 1101 W PEABODY, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 20 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 81 IS 5 BP 515 EP 518 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.5.515 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN283 UT WOS:A1997XN28300019 ER PT J AU Wisler, GC Duffus, JE Gerik, JS AF Wisler, GC Duffus, JE Gerik, JS TI First report of lettuce chlorosis virus naturally infecting sugar beets in California. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 HOLLY SUGAR CORP,TRACY,CA 95378. RP Wisler, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 81 IS 5 BP 550 EP 550 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.5.550D PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN283 UT WOS:A1997XN28300029 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Raley, CM Aubry, KB Gilbertson, RL AF Parks, CG Raley, CM Aubry, KB Gilbertson, RL TI Wood decay associated with pileated woodpecker roosts in western redcedar. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98512. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 81 IS 5 BP 551 EP 551 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.5.551C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN283 UT WOS:A1997XN28300032 ER PT J AU Wutscher, HK Cervantes, A Derrick, KS AF Wutscher, HK Cervantes, A Derrick, KS TI Citrus blight found in Yucatan, Mexico. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 PROYECTOS AGR SA, MERIDA 97120, YUCATAN, MEXICO. UNIV FLORIDA, CTR AGR RES & EDUC, CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC, LAKE ALFRED, FL 33850 USA. RP USDA ARS, HORT RES LAB, 2120 CAMDEN RD, ORLANDO, FL 32803 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 81 IS 5 BP 551 EP 551 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.5.551B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN283 UT WOS:A1997XN28300031 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DL Turley, RB Kloth, RH AF Ferguson, DL Turley, RB Kloth, RH TI Identification of a delta-TIP cDNA clone and determination of related A and D genome subfamilies in Gossypium species SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alloalleles; cotton; genome; Gossypium; TIP; tonoplast intrinsic protein ID TONOPLAST INTRINSIC PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ALLOTETRAPLOID GOSSYPIUM; VACUOLAR MEMBRANE; WATER CHANNEL; MIP FAMILY; GAMMA-TIP; H+-ATPASE; EXPRESSION; GENES AB Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) have been implicated in the process of cell elongation, such as occurs in the developing cotton fiber. We have isolated a cDNA clone (997 bp in length) from a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) library which putatively encodes a protein of 248 residues (M-r 25 079) with 85% identity to Arabidopsis S-TIP. The derived amino acid sequence included two conserved sequences associated with major intrinsic proteins (SGxHxNPA at residues 78 to 85, NPA residues at 197 to 199) and a cysteine residue at 116 which is reported to bind mercury in Arabidopsis delta-TIP. The polymerase chain reaction was used to generate partial genomic clones of the cotton delta-TIP. In comparison to other genomic TIP sequences, the number (two) and position of the introns were conserved in cotton. Comparing the TIP sequences from cotton revealed two subfamilies, which were consistently distinguished by a Tsp45I restriction site polymorphism. This polymorphism was used to demonstrate that TIP subfamilies were specific to either the A or D genomes of Gossypium. When gamma-TIP DNA fragments were amplified from cDNA of fiber 14 days after anthesis, the A and D were found, indicating the presence of delta-TIP transcripts in these elongating cells. C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1023/A:1005844016688 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA XB248 UT WOS:A1997XB24800010 PM 9177317 ER PT J AU Abrams, SR Rose, PA Cutler, AJ Balsevich, JJ Lei, B WalkerSimmons, MK AF Abrams, SR Rose, PA Cutler, AJ Balsevich, JJ Lei, B WalkerSimmons, MK TI 8'-methylene abscisic acid - An effective and persistent analog of abscisic acid SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; (-)-ABSCISIC ACID; (+)-ABSCISIC ACID; LOW-TEMPERATURE; WHEAT EMBRYOS; METABOLITES; GERMINATION; ABA; RESPONSES AB We report here the synthesis and biological activity of a new persistent abscisic acid (ABA) analog, 8'-methylene ABA. This ABA analog has one additional carbon atom attached through a double bond to the 8'-carbon of the ABA molecule. (+)-8'-Methylene ABA is more active than the natural hormone (+)-ABA in inhibiting germination of cress seed and excised wheat embryos, in reducing growth of suspension-cultured corn cells, and in reducing transpiration in wheat seedlings. The (+)-8'-methylene analog is slightly weaker than (+)-ABA in increasing expression of ABA-inducible genes in transgenic tobacco, but is equally active in stimulating a transient elevation of the pH of the medium of corn cell cultures. In corn cells, both (C)-ABA and (+)-8'-methylene ABA are oxidized at the 8' position. ABA is oxidized to phaseic acid and (+)-8'methylene ABA is converted more slowly to two isomeric epoxides; The alteration in the ABA structure causes the analog to be metabolized more slowly than ABA, resulting in longer-lasting and more effective biological activity relative to ABA. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Abrams, SR (reprint author), NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,INST PLANT BIOTECHNOL,110 GYMNASIUM PL,SASKATOON,SK S7N 0W9,CANADA. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 114 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WY998 UT WOS:A1997WY99800011 ER PT J AU Vigo, TL AF Vigo, TL TI Intelligent fibrous substrates with thermal and dimensional memories SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE intelligent materials; modified fibrous substrates; thermal and dimensional memories; crosslinked polyethylene glycols; thermal analysis; infrared thermography; work and power ID POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS; GELS AB Binding of polyethylene glycols to any fibrous substrate (such as a natural cellulosic or wool, or synthetic fibers polyester, polyamide or polyolefin) is achieved by in situ network polymerization with polyfunctional resins and acid catalysts. The modified substrates contain crosslinked polyethylene glycols that impart several improved functional properties. Two of these properties (thermal adaptability and reversible shrinkage in the wet and dry states) make it appropriate to categorize the modified fibrous substrates as ''intelligent materials''. The thermal and dimensional/shape memories of the substrates are influenced and, hence, controlled by the molecular weight of the polyol, crosslink density, curing conditions to affix the polyol and construction of the fibrous substrate. Verification of these effects was been noted by thermal analysis and infrared thermography (for thermal memories) and by measurement of power generated and work performed during wet shrinkage of appropriate substrates (for shape memories). Numerous potential commercial applications are described and some are being actively pursued. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Vigo, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 RE LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 8 IS 5 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1581(199705)8:5<281::AID-PAT647>3.0.CO;2-U PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XF284 UT WOS:A1997XF28400002 ER PT J AU Smith, EJ Lyons, LA Cheng, HH Suchyta, SP AF Smith, EJ Lyons, LA Cheng, HH Suchyta, SP TI Comparative mapping of the chicken genome using the East Lansing reference population SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE synteny; polymerase chain reaction; comparative mapping; linkage; genes ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CDNA CLONING; GENE; EXPRESSION; EMBRYO AB The annotation of known genes on Linkage maps provides an informative framework for synteny mapping. In comparative gene mapping, conserved synteny is broadly defined as groups of two or more Linked markers that are also Linked in two or more species. Although many anonymous markers have been placed on the chicken genome map, locating known genes will augment the number of conserved syntenic groups and consolidate linkage groups. In this report, 21 additional genes have been assigned to linkage soups or ckromosomes; five syntenic groups were identified. Ultimately, conserved syntenic groups may help to pinpoint important quantitative trait loci. C1 NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,VIRAL CARCINOGENESIS LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP Smith, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 76 IS 5 BP 743 EP 747 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WZ475 UT WOS:A1997WZ47500013 PM 9154628 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Lyon, CE Papa, CM AF Cason, JA Lyon, CE Papa, CM TI Effect of muscle opposition during rigor on development of broiler breast meat tenderness SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breast muscles; tenderness; rigor; opposition ID WING RESTRAINT AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of mutual opposition of breast muscles during rigor development on ultimate tenderness of the cooked meat. In each experiment, 32 broilers were conventionally processed. Immediately after evisceration, the supracoracoideus tendon was cut at the humeral insertion on one wing (treatment) and the opposite wing was sham-operated with the tendon exposed but not cut (control). The tendon of insertion for the Pectoralis minor muscle was cut to prevent the opposition of breast muscles during rigor, while avoiding confounding effects caused by making cuts on the muscles,as would occur during typical deboning. Cutting the tendon significantly (P <0.05) increased Warner-Bratzler shear values after cooking for both the Pectoralis major and P. minor. Deboning at 2 h postmortem resulted in shear values for the P. major of 7.22 kg for controls and 9.08 kg for treated carcasses; P. minor shear values were 2.98 kg for controls and 4.04 kg for treated carcasses. Deboning at 24 h post-mortem produced P. major shear values of 4.68 kg for controls and 5.68 kg for treated carcasses. On whole carcasses, breast muscle opposition during rigor contributes to the tenderness of the cooked meat. C1 CONTINENTAL GRAIN CO,DUTCH QUAL HOUSE DIV,GAINESVILLE,GA 30503. RP Cason, JA (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 76 IS 5 BP 785 EP 787 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WZ475 UT WOS:A1997WZ47500020 PM 9154635 ER PT J AU Keen, JE Hungerford, LL Wittum, TE Kwang, J Littledike, ET AF Keen, JE Hungerford, LL Wittum, TE Kwang, J Littledike, ET TI Risk factors for seroprevalence of ovine lentivirus in breeding ewe flocks in Nebraska, USA SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ovine lentivirus; prevalence in ewes; risk factors ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODELS; MAEDI-VISNA; PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; SHEEP; VIRUS; ANTIBODIES; GENE; FIT AB The prevalence of and risk factors for ovine lentivirus (OLV) infection in 1466 breeding ewes in nine US Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) flocks were determined using a recombinant transmembrane protein (rTM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect serum anti-OLV antibodies and define infection. Based on multivariable logistic regression, confinement birth and rearing (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6), older weaning ages (OR = 1.1 week(-1)), and older age (OR = 1.3-2.5 year(-1) beyond age 1 year) were significantly associated with higher OLV prevalence in ewes. Prevalence also varied significantly by flock, with Finnsheep and Texel ewes having the highest prevalences and Booroola Merino and Suffolk ewes having the lowest prevalences. These findings support the hypothesis that management control efforts should concentrate on events early in the life of sheep, as this period is associated with factors which can modulate the risk for OLV infection. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Keen, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 30 IS 2 BP 81 EP 94 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XG313 UT WOS:A1997XG31300001 PM 9234413 ER PT J AU Keen, JE Hungerford, LL Littledike, ET Wittum, TE Kwang, J AF Keen, JE Hungerford, LL Littledike, ET Wittum, TE Kwang, J TI Effect of ewe ovine lentivirus infection on ewe and lamb productivity SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE production impact; ovine lentivirus; sheep ID PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA VIRUS; MAEDI-VISNA CONTROL; SHEEP; PREVALENCE; MASTITIS AB We used a previously described sensitive and specific ovine lentivirus (OLV) recombinant transmembrane (rTM) protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect anti-OLV antibodies and define OLV infection in breeding ewes from nine US Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) flocks. We estimated the production impacts of dam rTM ELISA seropositivity on ewe and lamb productivity in the birth-to-weaning interval using production data from 1466 breeding ewes (of which 1242 actually lambed) and their 2452 lambs born in spring 1992 using several multiple linear and logistic regression models. By adjusting for lamb weaning age, gender, type of birth and rearing, birth difficulty, dam age, and flock, the component of ewe or lamb productivity related to ewe OLV infection alone was isolated. The rTM ELISA-negative ewes produced significantly more total weight of weaned lamb per ewe-lambing (3.84 kg) and per ewe ram-exposed (4.95 kg) compared to their OLV-positive flockmates. Negative ewes also weaned 0.11 more lambs per ewe-lambing and 0.09 more lambs per ewe ram-exposed, gave birth to 0.13 more lambs per ewe ram-exposed, and were more likely to lamb after breeding (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9) compared to equivalent OLV-positive ewes. Lambs reared by OLV-negative ewes weighed 0.15 kg more at birth, gained 8 g more per day through weaning, and weighed 0.59 kg more at 56-day weaning. Preweaning mortality was lower (OR = 0.8) among lambs born to OLV-negative compared to OLV-positive ewes, although this difference was not significant. Our results suggest that subclinical OLV infection has important detrimental effects on sheep production which occur in cumulative fashion from breeding through weaning and that OLV control efforts may be financially justified in some sheep flocks. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Keen, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 30 IS 2 BP 155 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01101-4 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XG313 UT WOS:A1997XG31300007 PM 9234419 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Norman, JM Diak, GR Kustas, WP Mecikalski, JR AF Anderson, MC Norman, JM Diak, GR Kustas, WP Mecikalski, JR TI A two-source time-integrated model for estimating surface fluxes using thermal infrared remote sensing SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID FIELD EXPERIMENT FIFE; HEAT-FLUX; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ENERGY-BALANCE; SOIL-MOISTURE; LAND-SURFACE; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; SEMIARID RANGELANDS; DAILY EVAPORATION; SKIN TEMPERATURE AB We present an operational two-source (soil+vegetation) model for evaluating the surface energy balance given measurements of the time rate of change in radiometric surface temperature (T-RAD) during the morning hours. This model consists of a two-source surface component describing the relation between T-RAD and sensible heat flux, coupled with a time-integrated component connecting surface sensible heating with planetary boundary layer development. By tying together the time-dependent behavior of surface temperature and the temperature in the boundary layer with the flux of sensible heat from the surface to the atmosphere, the need for ancillary measurements of near-surface air temperature is eliminated. This is a significant benefit when T-RAD is acquired remotely. Air temperature can be strongly coupled to local biophysical surface conditions and, if the surface air and brightness temperature measurements used by a model are not collocated, energy flux estimates can be significantly corrupted. Furthermore, because this model uses only temporal changes in radiometric temperatures rather than absolute temperatures, time-independent biases in T-RAD, resulting from atmospheric effects or other sources, do not affect the estimated fluxes; only the time-varying component of corrections need be computed. The algorithm also decomposes the surface radiometric temperature into its soil and vegetation contributions; thus the angular dependence of T-RAD can be predicted from an observation of T-RAD at a single view angle. This capability is critical to an accurate interpretation of off-nadir measurements from polar orbiting and geosynchronous satellites. The performance of this model has been evaluated in comparison with data collected during two large-scale field experiments: the first International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project field experiment, conducted in and around the Konza Prairie in Kansas, and the Monsoon '90 experiment, conducted in the semiarid rangelands of the Walnut Gulch Watershed in southern Arizona. Both comparisons yielded uncertainties comparable to those achieved by models that do require air temperature as an input and to measurement errors typical of standard micrometeorological methods for flux estimation. A strategy for applying the two-source time-integrated model on a regional or continental scale is briefly outlined. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1997. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, CTR SPACE SCI & ENGN, COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W, HYDROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT SOIL SCI, 1525 OBSERV DR, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 68 TC 313 Z9 343 U1 8 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 60 IS 2 BP 195 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00215-5 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA WU378 UT WOS:A1997WU37800009 ER PT J AU Sailleau, C Moulay, S Cruciere, C Laegreid, WW Zientara, S AF Sailleau, C Moulay, S Cruciere, C Laegreid, WW Zientara, S TI Detection of African horse sickness virus in the blood of experimentally infected horses: comparison of virus isolation and a PCR assay SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HORSESICKNESS VIRUS; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; VP7; ANTIBODIES; HEPARIN; ANTIGEN AB A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay followed by dot-blot hybridisation was used to detect African horse sickness virus (AHSV); the primers employed amplified the S7 gene that encodes the VP7 protein. The RT-PCR assay was compared with virus isolation for detecting AHSV in blood samples form horses experimentally infected with AHSV-4 and AHSV-9. The influence of sample storage and transportation and the effects of two anticoagulants (EDTA and heparin) were also studied. RT-PCR results were obtained within 48 hours as opposed to a minimum of 15 days for virus isolation. RT-PCR and virus isolation were equally sensitive for detection of AHSV-4. Viraemia was detected more consistently by RT-PCR than by virus isolation from horses infected with the less virulent AHSV-9 isolate except from one animal in which virus was detected only by virus isolation. The sensitivity of virus isolation was increased by passaging samples five times. This study indicates that RT-PCR is a sensitive and rapid method for use in the face of an outbreak of this serious disease, although it has also some limitations as a diagnostic technique. C1 USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP Sailleau, C (reprint author), CNEVA,LCRV,22 RUE PIERRE CURIE,F-94703 MAISONS ALFORT,FRANCE. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 62 IS 3 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0034-5288(97)90195-8 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XU420 UT WOS:A1997XU42000006 PM 9300539 ER PT J AU Brockmeier, SL Lager, KM Mengeling, WL AF Brockmeier, SL Lager, KM Mengeling, WL TI Successful pseudorabies vaccination in maternally immune piglets using recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AUJESZKYS-DISEASE; INTRANASAL VACCINATION; ANTIBODY-TITERS; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; NEWBORN PIGS; INFECTION; STRAIN; NYVAC; GIII AB Three gilts were vaccinated with a NYVAC vaccinia recombinant expressing glycoprotein go of pseudorabies virus (PRV) (NYVAC/gD). After farrowing, the piglets were allowed to nurse normally to obtain colostral immunity and then were divided into four groups, receiving NYVAC/gD, a NYVAC recombinant expressing glycoprotein gB of PRV (NYVAC /gB), an inactivated PRV vaccine (iPRV), or no vaccine. The piglets were vaccinated twice, three weeks apart beginning at approximately two weeks of age and later challenged with virulent PRV oronasally. Piglets that received NYVAC/gB or iPRV were the best protected based on lack of mortality, lower temperature responses, decreased weight loss and decreased viral shedding after challenge. These results indicate effective strategies for stimulating active immune response while still under the protection of maternal immunity. RP Brockmeier, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 62 IS 3 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1016/S0034-5288(97)90205-8 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XU420 UT WOS:A1997XU42000016 PM 9300549 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RC Fryrear, DW Juo, ASR AF Schwartz, RC Fryrear, DW Juo, ASR TI Simulation of wind forces and erosion in a field with windbreaks SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL; FLOW AB A series of vegetative windbreaks across a field will reduce wind velocities near the surface, thus reducing the capacity of the wind to transport soil particles,The height, width, and projected stem and leaf surface area of windbreaks wilt determine the reduction in wind velocity and wind erosion,The objective of this study was to develop a model to assist in the design of barrier systems by considering the total mass flux of saltating particles across a uniform field consisting of a series of windbreaks, By assuming that the net force available to entrain grains varies linearly with total mass flux, a one-dimensional steady state equation is derived to predict the entrainment rate of saltation-sized particles across a field with windbreaks, Deposition of saltating particles is assumed to be a function of the mean trajectory length, The total mass flux of saltating particles is predicted for a series of sorghum windbreaks, For agricultural fields, the principal benefit of windbreaks is to reduce the total mass flux of saltating particles across a field since this would lead to the decreased emission of suspendible particles. For the field simulated in this study, the projected surface area of plant material and windbreak height, orientation, and width strongly influenced the predicted saltation flux and maximum deposition,The model also predicts a decrease in field-averaged saltation flux with decreasing barrier porosities and that, in a given field, a series of many short windbreaks is more effective in reducing saltation flux than a series of a few tall windbreaks. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,BIG SPRING,TX 79720. RP Schwartz, RC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 162 IS 5 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1097/00010694-199705000-00008 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XC198 UT WOS:A1997XC19800008 ER PT J AU Wu, L Jury, WA Chang, AC Allmaras, RR AF Wu, L Jury, WA Chang, AC Allmaras, RR TI Time series analysis of field-measured water content of a sandy soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Prediction of the field soil water regime is important for assessing agrochemical transport and scheduling irrigation, This research was conducted to evaluate the potential for employing the time series analysis technique to predict average water content (W-AVG) of a soil profile and water content at depths of interest from measurements made at a single depth, Volumetric water content of a Zimmerman fine sand (mixed, frigid Argic Udipsamment) in Princeton, MN, was measured in situ by time domain reflectometry at six depths during the early 1993 growing season. The time series made up of hourly measurements of soil water content was first-order differenced to obtain stationarity, The differenced data were used to conduct analyses in the frequency domain to evaluate the coherence and cross-amplitude between two soil water content time series and were subsequently fitted to autoregressive moving average models to obtain coefficients for the transfer function models in the time domain. The transfer function models were then used to predict water contents at depths of interest (50-, 75-, and 100-cm depths) and Wave in the top 100-cm profile from measured water content at the 25-cm depth, Overall, the predictions were reasonable, with accuracy increasing as the separation distance from the 25-cm depth decreased. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Wu, L (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 736 EP 742 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XC996 UT WOS:A1997XC99600005 ER PT J AU He, LM Zelazny, LW Baligar, VC Ritchey, KD Martens, DC AF He, LM Zelazny, LW Baligar, VC Ritchey, KD Martens, DC TI Ionic strength effects on sulfate and phosphate adsorption on gamma-alumina and kaolinite: Triple-layer model SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELS; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; BORON ADSORPTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; IRON-OXIDES; ALPHA-FEOOH; GOETHITE; CHARGE AB It is known that PO4 is retained by soils through ligand exchange, i.e., inner sphere complexation, but the mechanism for SO4 adsorption at the mineral-water interface has been in debate. By studying the effects of ionic strength on ion adsorption, it is possible to distinguish between inner and outer sphere ion surface complexes. This study was conducted to evaluate ionic strength effects on SO4 and PO4 adsorption on gamma-Al2O3 and kaolinite at varying solution pH (3-11), and to infer SO4 and PO4 adsorption mechanisms at the mineral-water interface. The adsorption of SO4 on gamma-Al2O3 and kaolinite decreased monotonically with increasing solution pH and was markedly reduced by increasing the concentration of background electrolyte. On the other hand, PO4 adsorption on gamma-Al2O3 and kaolinite increased from pH 3 to 4 and decreased from pH 6 to 11, with an adsorption plateau between pH 4 and 6. Effects of change in ionic strength on PO4 adsorption varied with pH. At low pH, PO4 adsorption demonstrated a slight decrease with increasing ionic strength, whereas at high pH, PO4 adsorption increased slightly with increasing ionic strength, resulting in a crossover point where there was no ionic strength effect. The triple-layer model (TLM) was applied to model the adsorption of SO4 and PO4 with both inner and outer sphere complexes using the FITEQL 3.1 computer program. Sulfate adsorption was better modeled by assuming outer sphere complex formation, while PO4 adsorption was better modeled by assuming inner sphere complex formation. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL ENVIRONM SCI, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, DIV MARINE BIOL RES, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, CTR MARINE BIOTECHNOL & BIOMED, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. USDA ARS, APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, BECKLEY, WV 25802 USA. NR 63 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 784 EP 793 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XC996 UT WOS:A1997XC99600011 ER PT J AU Young, FJ Hammer, RD Williams, F AF Young, FJ Hammer, RD Williams, F TI Estimation of map unit composition from transect data SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL SURVEY; VIRGINIA AB We are concerned with the documentation of taxonomic variability within soil survey map units, and how that variability is expressed statistically. Twelve randomly selected transects were used to sample soil properties and classify pedons within a fluvial map unit of the Boone County, Missouri, soil survey. Map unit taxonomic variability was high, with 28 taxonomic family classes. Twenty-five percent of the sampled soils were in the named taxonomic class of the map unit, but most were similar inclusions. Interpretive purity of the sample was 83%. Variances about this sample proportion were calculated using three methods: (i) simple random sampling, (ii) cluster sampling, and (iii) two-stage random sampling. The simple random sampling formula provided the smallest variance, compared with the cluster formula (55% larger) or the two-stage formula (72% larger). However, the interpretation of transect sampling as simple random sampling is questioned. The two-stage random sampling method seemed most conceptually correct, but is computationally intensive and requires questionable assumptions about the population size. Confidence intervals based on small sample sizes drawn from binomial populations are highly suspect, and perhaps should be referred to as ''approximate bounds''. It is important to carefully consider the assumptions and effects of any statistical technique chosen to analyze map unit composition. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT SOIL & ATMOSPHER SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT STAT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. LINCOLN UNIV,USDA,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65012. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 854 EP 861 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XC996 UT WOS:A1997XC99600020 ER PT J AU Schillinger, WF Papendick, RI AF Schillinger, WF Papendick, RI TI Tillage mulch depth effects during fallow on wheat production and wind erosion control factors SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUMMER AB Blowing dust from summer fellow is a major soil loss and air quality concern in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production areas of the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW). The objective of our 3-yr on-farm study in a 286-mm precipitation zone in eastern Washington was to determine the effects of tillage mulch depth during fallow on surface soil roughness, residue retention, seed-zone water storage, wheat establishment, and grain yield. Soil is a Ritzville silt lo;un (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Calcidic Haploxeroll). Mulch depth combinations were created by primary spring tillage with noninversion implements at 100- or 160-mm depths, and with subsequent rodweedings at 50- or 100-mm depths. Tillage mulch depth during fallow did not affect seedling emergence after two wet fallow cycles, but wheat spike density was consistently greatest in deep-tilled plots. In a dry fallow cycle, when dry soil extended beneath the rodweeder or secondary tillage layer, deep tillage increased stand establishment from 30 to 62 seedlings m(-2), grain yield from 4.4 to 5.3 Mg ha(-1), and residue production from 5.7 to 8.4 Mg ha(-1) compared with shallow tillage. Surface soil clods >50-mm diameter, desirable for wind erosion control, increased with tillage mulch depth from 14 to 21 Mg ha(-1) in 1994, and from 22 to 37 Mg ha(-1) in 1995. A drawback to deep tillage mulches was the need to reduce tractor speed during planting. Surface residue retention was not affected by tillage mulch depth. Results show that surface clod structure and roughness during fallow can be maintained to protect the soil from erosion, mostly benefiting wheat production potential. C1 ARS,USDA,LAND MANAGEMENT & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Schillinger, WF (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,210 W BROADWAY,RITZVILLE,WA 99169, USA. OI Schillinger, William/0000-0001-9285-8159 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 871 EP 876 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XC996 UT WOS:A1997XC99600022 ER PT J AU Hu, S Grunwald, NJ vanBruggen, AHC Gamble, GR Drinkwater, LE Shennan, C Demment, MW AF Hu, S Grunwald, NJ vanBruggen, AHC Gamble, GR Drinkwater, LE Shennan, C Demment, MW TI Short-term effects of cover crop incorporation on soil carbon pools and nitrogen availability SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; EXTRACTION METHOD; CORKY ROOT; SUPPRESSION; MANAGEMENT; TOMATOES; ROT; DECOMPOSITION; GRASSLAND; DYNAMICS AB Winter cover crops are increasingly used to maintain water quality and agoecosystem productivity. Cover crop incorporation influences transient soil microbial dynamics and nutrient availability at an early growth stage of subsequent crops. Short-term (less than or equal to 35 d) effects of cover crop incorporation on soil C pools and N availability were evaluated using sandy loam soils from organically and conventionally managed fields. Field and incubation experimeuts were designed to investigate whether cover crop incorporation had differential effects on C pools and how they were related to N mineralization. Labile C pools (soil carbohydrates and soil microbial biomass C [SMBC]) and coarse organic debris (GOD) increased two- to threefold, whereas total organic C increased by only 20% by Day 7 after incorporation, The COD decreased faster than other C pools and best predicted SMBC (P < 0.0001), A rapid decrease in SMBC after Day 21 was accompanied by an increase in available N. Discriminant analyses revealed that organic soils were distinct from conventional soils by their higher total C, N, and SMBC, and lower available N, but cover crop incorporation obscured the distinction in the first 14 d. Residue decomposition was Slightly faster in organic soils than in conventional soils at the early stage (3-4,vk), but >30% of N in cover crop residues was mineralized in both soils by Day 35 after incorporation, suggesting that manipulations of soil microbial dynamics and N mineralization in the short term can be of particular significance in synchronizing N release with the need of subsequent crops. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RODALE INST,RES CTR,KUTZTOWN,PA 19530. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Hu, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT INTEGRAT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Shennan, Carol/I-1694-2013; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Shennan, Carol/0000-0001-6401-5007; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 34 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 30 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 901 EP 911 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XC996 UT WOS:A1997XC99600027 ER PT J AU Nearing, MA AF Nearing, MA TI A single, continuous function for slope steepness influence on soil loss SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOSS EQUATION AB Recently proposed relationships for the effect of slope steepness on soil loss by water are linear functions of the sine of the slope angle. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) uses two such functions: one for slopes <9% and another for slopes >9%. Recent research indicates that yet a different linear function is necessary for slopes greater than approximately 22%. The objective of this study was to develop a single slope steepness function that is representative of the data for all slopes. The resultant equation takes the form of a logistic function. It closely follows the RUSLE relationships for the slope steepness factor for slopes up to 22%, and also fits existing data for slopes greater than those from which the RUSLE relationships mere derived. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 11 TC 92 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 917 EP 919 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XC996 UT WOS:A1997XC99600029 ER PT J AU Knoepp, JD Swank, WT AF Knoepp, JD Swank, WT TI Forest management effects on surface soil carbon and nitrogen SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC NUTRIENTS; WHOLE-TREE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DECOMPOSITION; STATES; DEPLETION; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; HARVEST AB Changes in surface soil C and N can result from forest management practices and may provide an index of impacts on long-term site productivity. Soil C and N were measured over time for five watersheds in the southern Appalachians: two aggrading hardwood forests, one south- and one north-facing, undisturbed since the 1920s; a white pine (Pinus strobus L.) plantation planted in 1956; and two regenerating hardwood forests, a whole-tree harvest in 1980, and a commercial sawlog harvest in 1977. Soils on harvested watersheds were sampled before and for approximate to 15 yr after harvest. Surface soil C concentration on the undisturbed watersheds varied significantly among sample years. Concentrations fluctuated on the south-faring and decreased on the north-facing watershed. The pattern for total N was similar. Total N decreased significantly on the north-facing but was stable on the south-facing watershed. In the white pine plantation, C increased while N concentrations decreased during the 20-yr period. Soil C and N concentrations generally declined the first year following whole-tree harvest. Fourteen years after cutting, C remained stable, while N was greater compared with reference watershed soils. The commercial sawlog harvest resulted in large increases in surface soil C and N concentrations immediately after rutting. Carbon levels remained elevated 17 yr following cutting. Our data suggest that the forest management practices examined do not result in long-term decreases in soil C and N. However, the high interannual variation on all watersheds suggests that care must be taken in selecting control sites to determine long-term treatment impacts. RP Knoepp, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, COWEETA HYDROL LAB, 3160 COWEETA LAB RD, OTTO, NC 28763 USA. NR 40 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 928 EP 935 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XC996 UT WOS:A1997XC99600031 ER PT J AU Romkens, MJM Prasad, SN Gerits, JJP AF Romkens, MJM Prasad, SN Gerits, JJP TI Soil erosion modes of sealing soils: A phenomenological study SO SOIL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop Soil Erosion Processes on Steep Lands Evaluation and Modelling CY MAY 16, 1993-MAY 20, 1996 CL MERIDA, VENEZUELA SP Int Soc Soil Sci, World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, European Soc Soil Conservat ID MODELING WATER EROSION; PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES; DEPOSITION; FLOW AB Surface seal development and failure substantially affect soil erosion processes. A flume study was conducted to determine surface seal failure of a variable charge subsoil by rainfall and surface flow under different slope steepnesses. Two experiments were conducted: (1) an alternating sequence of a rainfall-surface flow for a 2.6% slope bed involving increasing rainstorm intensities and surface flows, and (2) a 2 h rainstorm of 55.4 mm.h(-1) intensity followed by surface flow on a soil bed with slope steepnesses of 8.9, 12.5 and 16.5%. The results indicate that seal failure on this soil is a local 'catastrophic' phenomenon, in which failure occurs in the form of a cavity that rapidly grows under local flow conditions. Observations suggest that seal failure was caused by a combination of surface flow hydrodynamics and several subsurface factors such as pore pressure changes, vented soil air, and return flow. C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT GEOG,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A1,CANADA. RP Romkens, MJM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0933-3630 J9 SOIL TECHNOL JI Soil Technol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0933-3630(96)00113-4 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XB433 UT WOS:A1997XB43300004 ER PT J AU Williams, JR Arnold, JG AF Williams, JR Arnold, JG TI A system of erosion-sediment yield models SO SOIL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop Soil Erosion Processes on Steep Lands Evaluation and Modelling CY MAY 16, 1993-MAY 20, 1996 CL MERIDA, VENEZUELA SP Int Soc Soil Sci, World Assoc Soil & Water Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, European Soc Soil Conservat ID WATER-RESOURCES; RURAL BASINS; SIMULATOR RP Williams, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0933-3630 J9 SOIL TECHNOL JI Soil Technol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0933-3630(96)00114-6 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XB433 UT WOS:A1997XB43300005 ER PT J AU Zobeck, TM Popham, TW AF Zobeck, TM Popham, TW TI Modification of the wind erosion roughness index by rainfall SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microrelief; microtopography; abrasion; tillage; ridges; rainfall intensity ID SOIL SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; TILLAGE; MICRORELIEF AB The cumulative shelter angle distribution (CSAD) is a soil surface roughness index used in the ''wind erosion prediction system'' to estimate the fraction of the soil surface susceptible to abrasion by saltating particles (FSA). However, little is known of the effect of rainfall amount and intensity on CSAD parameters. This study was conducted to determine how and to what degree simulated rainfall amount and intensity affect CSAD parameters and ridge height in a field with low (92 mm) ridges. Simulated rainfall was applied in cumulative amounts of 0, 6, 19, 32, 44, 57, and 83 mm at intensities of 13, 25, 51, and 76 mm h(-1) on duplicate plots of an Acuff sandy clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Aridic Paleustoll). The CSAD parameters were estimated from elevations measured by a laser roughness meter in directions parallel and perpendicular to tillage after each cumulative rainfall amount. Laser roughness meter measurements were also used to calculate ridge height for each plot. We found the CSAD parameters varied in response to tillage direction. The mean FSA was 19% greater and the rate of change of FSA over rainfall amount was twice that when evaluated parallel to tillage compared with measurements made perpendicular to tillage. The CSAD was a more sensitive index than ridge height for describing the effects of rainfall and tillage on surface roughness. Analyses of variance of CSAD parameters and FSA revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) owing to rainfall amount and intensity for most parameters. No significant differences in ridge height (P < 0.05) were found to be due to rainfall amount and intensity. The 13 mm h(-1) rainfall intensity had no effect on the roughness parameters. Regressions of CSAD parameters and FSA over rainfall amount for each rainfall intensity showed that data for the 51 and 76 mm h(-1) rainfall intensities could be combined. This study clearly demonstrated the sensitivity of CSAD parameters to rainfall amount and intensity. The response of CSAD parameters to tillage direction confirmed and quantified the value of tillage as a wind erosion control practice. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS,STILLWATER,OK 74076. RP Zobeck, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WIND EROS RES UNIT,RT 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(96)01105-1 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XH517 UT WOS:A1997XH51700004 ER PT J AU Unger, PW AF Unger, PW TI Aggregate and organic carbon concentration interrelationships of a Torrertic Paleustoll SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil aggregation; dry aggregates; water-stable aggregates; soil organic carbon ID DRY-SOIL AGGREGATION; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; SURFACE SOIL; NO-TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NITROGEN; MATTER; SYSTEMS; STABILITY; GRASSLAND AB Good-quality soil is important for crop production sustainability of agricultural lands. An indicator of soil quality is the soil organic carbon (OC) concentration, which affects the soil dry aggregate (DA) and water-stable aggregate (WSA) size distribution. These, in turn, affect the soil quality. This study was conducted to establish relationships among various DA, WSA, and soil OC variables of a Torrertic Paleustoll (Pullman clay loam) using simple, polynomial, and multiple regression procedures. Samples were obtained from a depth of 0-3 cm of 18 differently managed dryland treatment areas or fields at Bushland, Texas, USA, to determine DA and WSA size distributions and OC concentrations of bulk soil. The water stability and OC of aggregates obtained by dry sieving were determined also. Areas sampled ranged from plots or fields cropped to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) for over 20 years to grasslands converted to cropland in 1994. Of the 110 relationships analyzed, 63 were significant at P less than or equal to 0.05 and another 23 were related at P levels of 0.10, 0.20, or 0.40. Variables involving the 0.84 to 2.0 mm DAs often were significantly related to various other DA and WSA variables and to soil OC variables, including a positive relationship with bulk soil OC. The DAs in this size range resist erosion by wind. Because of their significant relationship with WSAs, they are important also for maintaining water infiltration, thereby reducing the potential for erosion by water and increasing the potential for greater soil water storage. Practices such as reduced or no-tillage retain crop residues on the soil surface and thereby maintain or enhance surface soil OC concentrations, which enhance the development of DAs in this size range. By inference, these practices, therefore, are important also for maintaining production sustainability of Torrertic Paleustolls such as Pullman clay loam and similar soils. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP Unger, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(96)01091-4 PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XH517 UT WOS:A1997XH51700007 ER PT J AU Staley, TE Boyer, DG AF Staley, TE Boyer, DG TI Short-term carbon, nitrogen and pH alterations in a hill-land Ultisol under maize silage relative to tillage method SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE No-tillage; conventional tillage; banded fertilizer-N; organic matter; soil evolution; grassland ID CONVENTIONALLY TILLED CORN; NO-TILLAGE; SOIL PROPERTIES; REDUCED TILLAGE; FERTILIZER; PROFILES; NITRIFICATION AB Information is sparse on short-term (1-5 years) alterations in soil chemical properties when grassland (non-native sod) is brought under cultivation, especially under no-tillage (NT). Thus, we endeavored to determine if selected soil chemical properties of a Gilpin silt loam in West Virginia, USA, converted from an old-field to continuous maize (Zea mays, L.) silage production for 4 years, were significantly affected by tillage method (NT and plow tillage (PT)). Tillage method differences (NT > PT) existed in total C, with few differences in total N, pH, NH4+-N and NO3--N. However, total C differences were usually restricted to the soil surface (0- to 7.5-cm layer) and small (26%) in comparison with results from other tillage method studies done under maize grain production. Soil pH decreased with increasing N-rate in the surface and 7.5- to 15-cm layers but was unrelated to tillage method. Comparison of data obtained soon after planting in Year 1 with that obtained after harvest in Year 4 suggests that total C in the NT soil had not changed over the course of the experiment. Thus, the tillage method differences found for total C were likely due to decreases brought about by the initial plowing of the PT plots. These results provide an explanation, at least in part, for the lack of a tillage method effect on silage production and soil- and fertilizer-N use, as previously reported, for this hill-land Ultisol. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP Staley, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAA,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(96)01087-2 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XH517 UT WOS:A1997XH51700008 ER PT J AU Deckert, AE Dewey, CE Ford, JJ Straw, BE AF Deckert, AE Dewey, CE Ford, JJ Straw, BE TI The influence of the weaning-to-breeding interval on ovulation rate in parity-two sows SO SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE swine; sows; postweaning interval; ovulation; season; lactational weight loss ID LITTER SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; PRIMIPAROUS SOWS; ONTARIO SWINE; ENERGY-INTAKE; LACTATION; ESTRUS; BACKFAT; BODY AB Objective: To determine whether changes in litter size with respect to the postweaning interval were associated with changes in ovulation rate. Methods: Three hundred and seven ty-six white crossbred sows of four different parities were bred if they showed estrus by day 14 postweaning. They were slaughtered at 21-33 days of gestation and the ovaries dissected to determine the number of corpora lutea. The number of corpora lutea were assumed to equal the ovulation rate. Results: Average ovulation rare for all sows in the study was 14.58 +/- 0.32 ova and for the parity-two sows was 14.0 +/- 0.23 ova. The mean weaning-to-breeding interval for the parity-two sows was 5.87 +/- 0.14 days. Ovulation rate in the parity-two sows increased by 0.25 +/- 0.09 ova as the number of piglets weaned in the sow's previous parity increased by one piglet (P < .05). The parity-two sow's population line and the season she was weaned were also associated with ovulation rate (P < .001). Compared with sows with weaning-to-breeding intervals of 4-5 days, ovulation rate decreased by 1.04 +/- 0.39 ova for parity-two sows with weaning-to-breeding intervals of 6 days, increased by 3.08 +/- 0.96 for sows returning to estrus 9 days postweaning, and decreased by 2.62 +/- 1.13 for sows returning 10-12 days postweaning (P < .05). Implications: Ovulation rate is highly associated with with weaning-to-breeding intervals. C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP Deckert, AE (reprint author), UNIV GUELPH,DEPT POPULAT MED,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE PRACTITIONERS PI DES MOINES PA 5921 FLEUR DR, DES MOINES, IA 50321 SN 1066-4963 J9 SWINE HEALTH PROD JI Swine Health Prod. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 5 IS 3 BP 89 EP 93 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XC739 UT WOS:A1997XC73900002 ER PT J AU Ayres, NM McClung, AM Larkin, PD Bligh, HFJ Jones, CA Park, WD AF Ayres, NM McClung, AM Larkin, PD Bligh, HFJ Jones, CA Park, WD TI Microsatellites and a single-nucleotide polymorphism differentiate apparent amylose classes in an extended pedigree of US rice germ plasm SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE apparent amylose; microsatellite; Waxy; rice; RNA splicing ID WAXY GENE-EXPRESSION; MILLED-RICE; ENDOSPERM; REGISTRATION; MUTANTS; CROSSES; INTRON; MAIZE AB The Waxy gene (Wx) encodes the granule-bound starch synthase responsible for the synthesis of amylose in rice (Oryza sativa). Recently, a polymorphic microsatellite sequence closely linked to the Wx gene was reported. To determine whether polymorphism in this sequence correlates with variation in apparent amylose content, we tested an extended pedigree of 92 current and historically important long-, medium- and short-grain US rice cultivars representing the efforts of many breeders over more than 80 years. Seven Wx microsatellite alleles were identified which together explained 82.9% of the variation in apparent amylose content of the 89 non-glutinous rice cultivars tested. Similar results were also obtained with 101 progeny of a cross between low- and intermediate-amylose breeding lines. An additional, unique microsatellite allele, (CT)(16), was detected in one glutinous cultivar, CI 5309. However, the other glutinous cultivars, Calmochi 101 and Tatsumi mochi, were in the (CT)(17) class along with three other cultivars that contained 15-16.5% amylose. We sequenced a 200-bp PCR-amplified fragment containing the CT microsatellite and the putative 5' splice site of the Wx leader intron from a subset of 42 cultivars representing all eight microsatellite alleles. All of the cultivars with 18% or less amylose had the sequence AG (T) under bar TATA at the putative leader intron 5' splice site, while all cultivars with a higher proportion of amylose had AG (G) under bar TATA. This single nucleotide substitution could also be assayed by AccI digestion of the amplified fragment. Overall, this single nucleotide polymorphism could explain 79.7% of the variation in the apparent amylose content of the 89 non-glutinous cultivars tested. Interestingly, cultivars in the (CT)(19) microsatellite classes that differed substantially in amylose content still showed the correlation between this G-T polymorphism and apparent amylose content. The G-T polymorphism at this site was not, however, able to explain the very low amylose contents of the three glutinous cultivars tested, all of which had the sequence AG (T) under bar TATA. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,CROP BIOTECHNOL CTR,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. ARS,USDA,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. UNIV NOTTINGHAM,QUEENS MED CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,NOTTINGHAM NG7 2UH,ENGLAND. NR 32 TC 166 Z9 229 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 94 IS 6-7 BP 773 EP 781 DI 10.1007/s001220050477 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XE630 UT WOS:A1997XE63000009 ER PT J AU Knott, SA Neale, DB Sewell, MM Haley, CS AF Knott, SA Neale, DB Sewell, MM Haley, CS TI Multiple marker mapping of quantitative trait loci in an outbred pedigree of loblolly pine SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE quantitative trait loci; outcrossing; Pinus taeda L AB A multiple marker least squares approach is presented for the analysis of a single three-generation pedigree for quantitative trait locus (QTL) characterisation. It is an extension of the approach by Haley et al. (1994) to the situation where grandparents cannot be assumed to be homozygous at QTLs for the trait of interest. The method is applied to the analysis of wood specific gravity in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Within a similar framework. a series of preliminary analyses are carried out. followed by a more detailed search of the genome for one or more QTLs, The preliminary analyses provide information about whether the contribution from each linkage group appears to be polygenic, localised to a small region (e.g. a single QTL) or oligogenic (i.e. several QTLs). Significance levels are obtained using a permutation test that uses the observed phenotypes and marker genotypes. The conclusion of these analyses is that in this pedigree single QTLs with very large effect on wood specific gravity do not appear to de segregating, although there is evidence for QTLs with small effect. Finally, in order to assess the potential power of this pedigree, we simulated QTLs within the framework of the actual marker data. As expected, QTL effects would need to be large to be reliably detected in this study. and the pou er to detect QTLs varies at different positions in the genome depending on the level of information in the local markers. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC SW RES STN,INST FOREST GENET,ALBANY,CA 94710. ROSLIN INST,EDINBURGH EH25 9PS,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. RP Knott, SA (reprint author), UNIV EDINBURGH,INST CELL ANIM & POPULAT BIOL,W MAINS RD,EDINBURGH EH9 3JT,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. RI Haley, Chris/F-3110-2013; Knott, Sara/H-2466-2013 NR 9 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 94 IS 6-7 BP 810 EP 820 DI 10.1007/s001220050482 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XE630 UT WOS:A1997XE63000014 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, GW Sharpe, FT AF Schaeffer, GW Sharpe, FT TI Free and bound amino acids and proteins in developing grains of rice with enhanced lysine/proteins SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE rice; developing seed; lysine; free and total amino acids; H-autoradiograph; protein ID LYSINE; THREONINE AB Free amino acids were determined in developing seed of a rice mutant with enhanced rain lysine, This phenotype frequently has enhanced protein. Some free amino acids of developing seed are inversely related to the level of total amino acids in proteins of the mature grain, Amino acids that were enhanced in protein, including aspartic acid, threonine, methionine and lysine, were notably lower in the free amino-acid pool. Our conclusion is that mutant-developing grains process aspartate amino acids more rapidly than the controls. Conversely, arginine, valine and glutamic acid/glutamine accumulate as free amino acids with mutant/control ratios of 1.39, 1.29 and 1.12. respectively. Glutamic acid/glutamine in proteins of mature seeds is lower in the mutant than the control. H-3-lysine incorporation showed enhanced isotope incorporation into at least four proteins, One mutant protein was less actively labelled than analogous controls, The H-3-lysine pattern indicates processing modifications in this useful rice mutant. RP Schaeffer, GW (reprint author), ARS,PSI,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 94 IS 6-7 BP 878 EP 881 DI 10.1007/s001220050490 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XE630 UT WOS:A1997XE63000022 ER PT J AU Nielsen, JL Carpanzano, C Fountain, MC Gan, CA AF Nielsen, JL Carpanzano, C Fountain, MC Gan, CA TI Mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellite diversity in hatchery and wild Oncorhynchus mykiss from freshwater habitats in southern California SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; GENETIC-VARIATION; CONTROL-REGION; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; PACIFIC SALMON; POPULATIONS; STEELHEAD; DIFFERENTIATION; SEQUENCES AB We examined mitochondrial control-region haplotype diversity and allelic frequency distributions for three polymorphic microsatellite loci in 541 coastal Oncorhynchus mykiss collected from six habitats associated with different levels of human activity and ocean access in southern California. Extensive urbanization, climatic unpredictability, and the accelerated rate of decline in anadromous fish suggested a probable loss of genetic diversity in this area due to habitat fragmentation, geographic isolation, and population bottlenecks. Unexpectedly high levels of genetic diversity were found in southern California populations of O. mykiss. Haplotype diversity (H-S) was highest in anadromous fish (H-S = 0.74) and lowest in the Whale Rock Hatchery trout (H-S = 0.32). The proportion of variation attributable to population differentiation among habitat groups (G(ST)) was 10%. Haplotype frequencies showed a close relationship between anadromous steelhead and resident rainbow trout from closed habitats (D-ST = 0.03). Combined microsatellite allelic diversity (at loci Omy77, Omy207, and Ssa289) was highest in rainbow trout from closed habitats (88%), and lowest in Whale Rock Hatchery fish (29%). Greatest microsatellite distance (delta mu = 17.1) was between anadromous steelhead and reservoir rainbow trout, and closest identity (delta mu = 1.8) was among rainbow trout from closed habitats, hatchery rainbow trout, and reservoir rainbow trout. Analysis of genetic distance measures for both molecular markers showed that considerations of life history patterns and freshwater habitats that retain ocean access remain important factors in the preservation of the unique genetic diversity found in southern California coastal O. mykiss. C1 LOS PADRAS NATL FOREST,US FOREST SERV,GOLETA,CA 93117. HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ARCATA,CA 95521. RP Nielsen, JL (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,HOPKINS MARINE STN,US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC GROVE,CA 93950, USA. NR 81 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 126 IS 3 BP 397 EP 417 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0397:MDANMD>2.3.CO;2 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA XN047 UT WOS:A1997XN04700005 ER PT J AU Young, MK Rader, RB Belish, TA AF Young, MK Rader, RB Belish, TA TI Influence of macroinvertebrate drift and light on the activity and movement of Colorado River cutthroat trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GRAYLING THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS; VARDEN SALVELINUS-MALMA; SALMO-CLARKI-CLARKI; BROWN TROUT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MOUNTAIN STREAM; BROOK TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; FOOD; RAINBOW AB Most studies of the diel pattern of trout foraging have focused on examining gut fullness at different times of the day. We used radiotelemetry coupled with stomach content and macroinvertebrate drift sampling to compare the diel activity of Colorado River cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus with variation of invertebrate drift and light intensity on six dates during summer 1993 in the North Fork Little Snake River, Wyoming. The percentage of trout active was greater during midday than at night (medians, 100% versus 40%) and active fish had fewer transmitter signal strength fluctuations per minute during crepuscular periods than during the remainder of the day (medians, 8.8 versus 12.3). Light intensity and daytime macroinvertebrate drift rate were significantly correlated with trout activity but 24-h drift rates were not. Stomach samples collected in the afternoon weighed significantly more than samples collected in the morning. Despite declines in daytime drift rate and stream discharge, the diel movement of trout also declined as summer progressed. Drift and diet significantly overlapped on all six dates, but selection occurred for certain taxa, especially terrestrial insects. We believe that Colorado River cutthroat trout in this stream forage primarily during the day in summer and that low light intensities prevented trout from exploiting the nocturnal increase in drifting invertebrates. RP Young, MK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, 222 S 22ND ST, LARAMIE, WY 82070 USA. NR 57 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 126 IS 3 BP 428 EP 437 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0428:IOMDAL>2.3.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA XN047 UT WOS:A1997XN04700007 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC Parsons, GR AF Smiley, PC Parsons, GR TI Effects of photoperiod and temperature on swimming performance of white crappie SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Photoperiod and temperature are two environmental factors that have significant effects on fish physiology and behavior but few studies have investigated the effect of photoperiod on swimming performance. We studied the effects of five photoperiods, designated 24L:0D (24 h light:0 h dark), 16L:8D, 12L:12D, 8L:16D, 0L:24D, and three temperatures (5, 15, and 25 degrees C) on the swimming performance of white crappie Pomoxis annularis (5-11 cm in standard length) in a swim tunnel with propeller-driven flow. Two-factor analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05) indicated that both photoperiod and temperature significantly affected fish swimming performance but the interaction of photoperiod and temperature did not. At all temperatures, the 8L:16D photoperiod resulted in the highest mean swimming speeds. In addition, the temperature effect was consistent at all photoperiods. The mean swimming speed at 5 degrees C was significantly slower than at 15 degrees C or 25 degrees C; however there was no significant difference between swimming speeds at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Our documentation of a photoperiod effect on fish provide further confirmation of the importance of this environmental variable on swimming performance. C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT BIOL,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,USDA,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 126 IS 3 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0495:EOPATO>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA XN047 UT WOS:A1997XN04700012 ER PT J AU Gillum, MN Armijo, CB AF Gillum, MN Armijo, CB TI Pima seed cotton cleaning for maximum profit SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE pima cotton; roller ginning; cleaning equipment; bale value AB A cleaning study using pima cotton attempted to determine the optimum amount of overhead cleaning (cleaning prior to ginning). The cleaning machines consisted of cylinder cleaners and stick machines. Five cleaning levels (treatments) were tested which consisted of one, three, five, seven or nine cleaning machines. Overhead cleaning efficiency ranged from 54 to 83%, while the individual machine efficiencies ranged from 5 to 27%. Turnout did not change between treatments. Color grade improved between treatments, but never obtained a grade 2. Bale value continued to increase with additional cleaning; this was due to continued improvement in color grade with no change in turnout. The highest bale value was achieved when using nine seed cotton cleaning machines. Because using nine cleaners is unrealistic, no recommendation was made on a particular seed cotton cleaning level based on bale value; instead, general comments concerning cleaning level and color grade were made. C1 AGR RES SERV,USDA,SW COTTON GINNING RES LAB,MESILLA PK,NM. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 513 EP 518 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700001 ER PT J AU Hughs, SE Wakelyn, PJ Rousselle, MA Columbus, EP AF Hughs, SE Wakelyn, PJ Rousselle, MA Columbus, EP TI Chemical composition of cotton gin external emissions: Proximate and elemental analysis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE gin external emissions; particulate; PM10; metals; HAP; PEL AB Seed cotton from producers in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas was ginned at either the Stoneville or Mesilla Park USDA, ARS Cotton Ginning Laboratories. Particulate emissions during ginning were sampled from the exhausts of the unloader separator and the first lint cleaner Proximate and X-ray fluorescence analyses were performed on the emission particulate sampled from both exhausts and the particulate captured by the unloader cyclone. Proximate analyses showed that the largest constituent of gin emissions is noncellulosic plant material (range of 43 to 66%), followed by cellulose (range of 17 to 40%), with the remainder being inorganic soil particles and water X-ray fluorescence was used to determine the level of 19 different elements including arsenic, lead, and mercury. None of these elements occurred at levels of any concern for meeting either EPA or OSHA regulations and could be attributed primarily to native soil content of the harvested seed cotton. C1 NATL COTTON COUNCIL,WASHINGTON,DC. ARS,USDA,MSA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP Hughs, SE (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SPA,SW COTTON GINNING RES LAB,POB 578,MESILLA PK,NM 88047, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 519 EP 527 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700002 ER PT J AU Peterson, DL Miller, SS Wolford, SD AF Peterson, DL Miller, SS Wolford, SD TI Apple harvest aid for inclined trellised canopies SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE apple; harvest; harvest aid; mechanization AB A mechanical harvest aid was developed to position two pickers to remove apples from a narrow inclined trellis. Design concept maximized the pickers' rime spent locating and detaching fruit, and minimized time spent handling fruit and controlling the unit. In medium to high yields, picker productivity was increased by 36 to 44% over conventional hand harvesting. Fruit quality from the harvest aid was nearly as good as that from conventional hand harvesting. Ground and tree losses were low far both harvesting techniques. All mechanical and electrical systems functioned reliably. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 529 EP 534 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700003 ER PT J AU Peterson, DL Wolford, SD Timm, EJ Takeda, F AF Peterson, DL Wolford, SD Timm, EJ Takeda, F TI Fresh market quality blueberry harvester SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE mechanical harvest; blueberry; quality; firmness; bruise AB An experimental mechanical harvester (V45) was developed that utilized an angled double-spiked-drum shaker a cane dividing and positioning system, and cushioned catching surfaces to harvest fresh market quality blueberries. With the V45, ground losses were reduced by 44% when compared with a commercial mechanical harvester Fruit packout was similar between the V45 and a commercial harvester but berry firmness and internal fruit quality from the V45 harvester were superior to that from the commercial harvester Fruit quality front the experimental harvester was as good as quality from commercially hand harvested fruit. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 535 EP 540 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700004 ER PT J AU Temple, D Moore, J AF Temple, D Moore, J TI Headcut advance prediction for earth spillways SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE headcut; spillway; flood; dam; erosion AB New technology for predicting the performance of earth (sail and rack) spillways has been developed through the joint efforts of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). This technology has been computer coded, and the resulting computational model incorporated into NRCS software. As a part of evaluating the potential for spillway breach, one component of this model predicts headcut advance within the spillway This component utilizes an energy-based parameter to describe the erosive attack and a headcut erodibility index to describe the resistance of the geologic materials to that attack. Headcut advance threshold and rate parameters were calibrated using data from field spillways that had experienced extreme flow events. The model was validated using data from additional field spillways. Results of the validation suggest that the model should provide a useful tool for current use, but that additional data and model refinement are needed. C1 NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Temple, D (reprint author), ARS,USDA,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 557 EP 562 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700007 ER PT J AU Warner, GS Stake, JD Guillard, K Neafsey, J AF Warner, GS Stake, JD Guillard, K Neafsey, J TI Evaluation of EPIC for a shallow New England soil .1. Maize yield and nitrogen uptake SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EPIC model; maize yield; nitrogen uptake; model verification ID WATER-QUALITY MODELS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; US-NORTHEAST; PRODUCTIVITY; VALIDATION; EROSION AB Predictions of maize (Zea mays L.) silage yields and nitrogen (N) uptake from the Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model were compared with observed values from plots located in Connecticut. The soil was a fine sandy loam underlain by a compact glacial till. The influence of soil parameters was assessed by comparing results using EPIC default versus measured soil parameter values. This article addresses the comparisons for maize yield and N uptake under five rates of N fertilization across three different growing seasons. Statistical analyses showed that the EPIC model in general under-estimated both maize yield and N uptake. The accuracy of predicted values for both yield and N uptake were affected by both growing season precipitation and N application rate. Possible reasons for the influence of these factors on EPIC predictions are given. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PLANT SCI,STORRS,CT 06269. NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,USDA,STORRS,CT. RP Warner, GS (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & ENGN,1376 STORRS RD,BOX U87,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 575 EP 583 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700009 ER PT J AU Warner, GS Stake, JD Guillard, K Neafsey, J AF Warner, GS Stake, JD Guillard, K Neafsey, J TI Evaluation of EPIC for a shallow New England soil .2. Soil nitrate SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EPIC model; soil nitrate; model verification ID NITROGEN-UTILIZATION; CROPPING SYSTEMS; US-NORTHEAST; MODELS AB The Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was evaluated for the prediction of nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations in a fine sandy loam underlain by a compact glacial till in Connecticut. Predicted soil NO3-N levels from EPIC simulations were compared with measured levels from maize (Zea mays L.) and fallow plots with five nitrogen (N) application rates for three years. Soil NO3-N concentrations were measured at 15-cm increments to a total depth of 60 cm. Initial simulations showed that use of measured soil parameter values versus EPIC-default values produced much better results. The accuracy of EPIC predicted versus observed NO3-N using measured soil parameters values varied with better predictions for fallow than maize and for deeper than shallow soil depths. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PLANT SCI,STORRS,CT 06269. NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,USDA,STORRS,CT. RP Warner, GS (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & ENGN,1376 STORRS RD,BOX U-87,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 585 EP 593 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700010 ER PT J AU Howell, TA Steiner, JL Schneider, AD Evett, SR Tolk, JA AF Howell, TA Steiner, JL Schneider, AD Evett, SR Tolk, JA TI Seasonal and maximum daily evapotranspiration of irrigated winter wheat, sorghum, and corn - Southern High Plains SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE aerodynamic resistance; canopy resistance; crop-water use; irrigation; lysimeters; reference evapotanspiration; wind function ID WATER-USE; CROP COEFFICIENTS; SPARSE CROPS; BOWEN-RATIO; ENERGY; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; EVAPORATION; CALIBRATION; MANAGEMENT AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is basic information required for irrigation scheduling and for crop growth simulation models. However many ET models have not been tested for their applicability to the Southern High Plains. In this study, ET was measured for irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and corn (Zea mays L.) at Bushland, Texas, in the semi-and Southern High Plains for various growing seasons from 1988 through 1993. Weighing lysimeters containing Pullman clay loam (Torrertic Paleustolls) monoliths were used to measure ET. Weather data from a nearby station were used to compute daily ET values for several widely used reference or potential ET equations. These computed values were then compared by linear regression with the measured ET values for periods of full groundcover (LA1 greater than or equal to 3) and with adequate soil water to permit maximum El: Measured mean seasonal ET was 877 mm for winter wheat, 771 mm for corn, and 578 mm for sorghum. Maximum daily ET rates rarely exceeded 10 mm d(-1) for the sorghum or corn crops, except for a few days during a brief period of strong advection in 1990 when corn ET rates exceeded 12 mm d(-1). Maximum daily ET for wheat exceeded 10 mm d(-1) on many days during the three semens due to the high vapor pressure deficits and wind speeds at Bushland during the spring and early summer The Penman-Monteith equation performed consistently better than other combination and/or radiation/temperature based ET equations in estimating maximum daily ET rates for these crops. The leaf diffusion resistance (r(l)) permitting the best agreement between predicted and lysimetrically determined ET was 280 s m(-1) for sorghum, 252 s m(-1) for corn, and 135 s m(-1) for wheat when using the relationship of r(c) r(l)/(0.5 LA1) where LA1 is the leaf area index and r(c) is canopy resistance in s m(-1) These results indicate that the greater seasonal water use by irrigated corn compared with sorghum in this environment was due mainly to the differences in planting date and growing season length since the ''apparent'' leaf resistances were similar The even higher seasonal and maximum daily water use of irrigated winter wheat compared with corn and sorghum was due to its longer growing season, its lower leaf resistance, and the high evaporative demand in the spring in the Southern High Plains. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP Howell, TA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 75 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 623 EP 634 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700014 ER PT J AU Howell, TA Schneider, AD Evett, SR AF Howell, TA Schneider, AD Evett, SR TI Subsurface and surface microirrigation corn - Southern High Plains SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE corn; irrigation management; microirrigation; water use; water use efficiency; yield; yield components ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; DRIP-IRRIGATED CORN; WATER; MANAGEMENT; FREQUENCY; COTTON AB Microirrigation has the potential to minimize application losses to evaporation field runoff and deep percolation; improve irrigation control with smaller frequent applications; supply nutrients to the crop as needed; and improve crop yields. This study was conducted to evaluate subsurface and surface microirrigation (SUB and TOP, respectively) application methods on crop performance. The effects of irrigation frequency, amount, and application method on crop yield, yield components, water use, and water use efficiency of corn (Zea mays L., cv. PIO 3245) were investigated at Bushland, Texas, on a slowly permeable soil [Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll)] in a semi-arid environment in 1993 and 1994. Irrigation frequencies were once a day and once a week; irrigation levels varied from dryland (no post emergence irrigation) to full crop water use replenishment; and application methods were on the soil surface (TOP) and 0.3 m below the surface (SUB) with emitters spaced 0.45 m apart and drip lines spaced 1.5 m apart. Irrigation frequency and application method did not affect crop yields; however deficit irrigation affected crop yields by reducing the seed mass and the seed number On the clay loam soil at Bushland, irrigation frequency and application method are less critical than proper irrigation management for microirrigation systems to avoid water deficits that have a larger affect on corn yields. RP Howell, TA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,2300 EXPT STN RD,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 21 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 635 EP 641 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700015 ER PT J AU Cullum, RF AF Cullum, RF TI Electronic controls for rainfall simulators SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE rainfall simulators; electronic controls; hydrology AB Rainfall simulators provide control of natural environmental factors such as rainfall intensity and duration to determine basic information on hydrologic and chemical processes within watersheds. Three electronic controllers were designed to provide a range of solutions to automate rainfall simulators. These solutions included a relatively inexpensive repeater relay and counter that controlled a clutch and single-speed gearmotor assembly; a moderately priced digital interface board or parallel port in a microcomputer that controlled a clutch and single-speed gearmotor assembly; and a relatively expensive microstepping motor with built-in indexing capabilities that permitted control of every aspect of motion of a variable-speed gearmotor These solutions move from the most limited to the greatest flexibility in motion control for rainfall simulators. Single and variable rainfall intensities were achieved with all three solutions. The digital interface board and the microstepping motor solutions provided programmable capability through software previously unavailable infield research. This software provided user-friendly interaction and the ability for controlled variations of rainfall intensity and storm duration in simulated rainfall studies. RP Cullum, RF (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,WATER QUAL ECOL UNIT,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 643 EP 648 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700016 ER PT J AU Moya, TB Ziska, LH Weldon, C Quilang, JEP Jones, P AF Moya, TB Ziska, LH Weldon, C Quilang, JEP Jones, P TI Microclimate in open-top chambers: Implications for predicting climate change effects on rice production SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE microclimate; open-top chamber system; CO2; temperature; PAR; irrigated rice; tropics ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 CONCENTRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; AIR-POLLUTION; FIELD; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; PLANTS; SYSTEM; RESPONSES AB A new open-cop chamber (OTC) system, designed to maintain increased CO2 concentration and temperature, was verified to generate abiotic microenvironment closely approximating that in the natural environment of flooded rice under field conditions in the tropics. Although field tests demonstrated that the system could set and control temperature and CO2 to +/-10% precision for >90% of the time, changes in chamber microenvironment conditions that could influence crop growth and development did occur The primary changes in microclimate between chamber and open field were in light transmission (9%) and higher night temperature within the chambers. These differences contributed to 12% reduction in vegetative and reproductive yields inside the chamber compared with that under field conditions. Data from the microclimate assessment suggest that the plant response should be corrected accordingly to approximate the climate change response of rice. This is essential to improve the efficiency of model predictions based on experiments conducted through the OTC approach. C1 USDA ARS, CLIMATE STRESS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, DEPT AGR ENGN, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. PHILIPPINE RICE RES CTR, NUEVA ECIJA, PHILIPPINES. RP Moya, TB (reprint author), INT RICE RES INST, AGRON PLANT PHYSIOL & AGROECOL DIV, EPA, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE & RICE PROJECT, MANILA 1099, PHILIPPINES. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 739 EP 747 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700028 ER PT J AU Parmar, RS McClendon, RW Hoogenboom, G Blankenship, PD Cole, RJ Dorner, JW AF Parmar, RS McClendon, RW Hoogenboom, G Blankenship, PD Cole, RJ Dorner, JW TI Estimation of aflatoxin contamination in preharvest peanuts using neural networks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE peanuts; aflatoxin; neural network ID SOIL-TEMPERATURE; DROUGHT STRESS; MODEL AB The prevention and elimination of aflatoxin contamination of preharvest peanuts requires the identification of the factors involved in the contamination process and the evaluation of the effects of those factors on contamination levels. The objectives of our study were to examine the variables that affect the contamination process and to develop a model to estimate contamination levels. Artificial neural networks and linear regression models were identified as appropriate techniques to model the contamination levels. Seven years of preharvest peanut aflatoxin data were used to develop and evaluate the models. The data were randomly divided into a training set and a test set for the artificial neural network model. Artificial neural networks were developed using various network architectures and combinations of variables as network inputs. The inputs considered were: soil temperature, drought duration, crop age, and accumulated heat units. The accumulated heat units were computed based on threshold soil temperatures ranging from 23 to 29 degrees C. The backpropagation algorithm with a logistic activation function for hidden and output nodes and three layers of nodes were selected as the internal neural network parameters. The most accurate results with the artificial neural network were achieved when the threshold soil temperature to compute accumulated heat units was set to 25 degrees C and all four variables were included as inputs in a network with eight hidden nodes. The R-2-values for the training and the test sets were 0.9250 and 0.9522, respectively. Stepwise linear regression was also applied to develop a regression model for estimating aflatoxin values. The regression model was developed and evaluated for the same data sets used for the development and evaluation of the neural network model. The highest R-2-values of 0.822 and 0.809 for the training and test sets, respectively, were achieved with the regression model when all four variables were selected as input factors and accumulated heat units were computed using a threshold temperature of 29 degrees C. This study showed that artificial neural networks can be used to estimate aflatoxin contamination in peanuts. The artificial neural networks also performed better than traditional stepwise linear regression techniques. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DRIFTMIER ENGN CTR,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,GRIFFIN,GA. USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742. RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 809 EP 813 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA XM447 UT WOS:A1997XM44700038 ER PT J AU Nelson, AJ Bushnell, WR AF Nelson, AJ Bushnell, WR TI Transient expression of anthocyanin genes in barley epidermal cells: Potential for use in evaluation of disease response genes SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE transformation; Erysiphe graminis; powdery mildew; coleoptile ID HIGH-VELOCITY MICROPROJECTILES; POTATO-VIRUS-X; GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; F SP HORDEI; WHEAT EMBRYOS; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; REGULATORY GENE; VISIBLE MARKER; MAIZE TISSUES AB A transient assay is described that should allow evaluation of the role of host genes in disease response by enhancing or disrupting expression of those genes in specific cells and looking for effects on disease development. The assay also has the potential for assessing utility of host and non-host genes in enhancing resistance to disease in transgenic plants. Particle bombardment with a helium discharge particle gun was utilized to transiently express genes in epidermal cells of coleoptiles of barley (Hordeum vulgare). An anthocyanin reporter gene construct provided a means of identifying those cells that were transiently expressing introduced DNA. Optimal transient expression rates were achieved two days following bombardment with 1800 psi helium pressure, 1.0 mu m diameter gold particles, and coleoptile pre- and post-treatment in 0.30-0.35 M mannitol/sorbitol. Under optimal conditions, at least 35 cells expressed anthocyanin per bombardment. Transiently expressing cells were inoculated with the fungal pathogen, Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei, and fungal development observed. Neither the bombardment procedures, the presence of nearby dead cells, nor accumulation of anthocyanin within living cells affected fungal development in living cells. Therefore, incorporation of disease-related genes onto the same plasmid as the reporter genes will allow evaluation of the role of those genes in disease development or suppression. Since particle bombardment is possible with a great range of different plant tissues, the described methodology should exhibit wide applicability for evaluating genes in diverse plant-pathogen interactions, as well as genes involved in many other biological processes. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1023/A:1018498309562 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WZ965 UT WOS:A1997WZ96500007 ER PT J AU Hake, S AF Hake, S TI The intertwining of plant development and evolutionary mechanisms SO TRENDS IN GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Hake, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0168-9525 J9 TRENDS GENET JI Trends Genet. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 13 IS 5 BP 174 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0168-9525(97)01102-5 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA WX392 UT WOS:A1997WX39200005 PM 9153999 ER PT J AU Miernyk, JA AF Miernyk, JA TI The 70 kDa stress-related proteins as molecular chaperones SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; IMPORT MACHINERY; BINDING; COGNATE; HSP70; TRANSLOCATION; BIOGENESIS; MEMBRANE; HOMOLOG AB The hypothesis of protein self-assembly arose from observations that some purified proteins could refold to an active form in vitro following the removal of denaturing agents. Such results prove that all the information necessary for folding into the correct final conformation is present within the primary amino acid sequence. However, in vitro folding is slow and yields are low, especially under physiological conditions. The reduction in yield is typically caused by the aggregation of partially folded inter mediates. The need to reconcile the in vitro and in vivo differences in protein folding rate and efficiency led to a modification of the self-assembly hypothesis - the molecular chaperone concept. Molecular chaperones are a specific group of proteins that assist in the assembly of other proteins by suppressing nonproductive side reactions. RP Miernyk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 2 IS 5 BP 180 EP 187 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WW663 UT WOS:A1997WW66300006 ER PT J AU Houston, DR Fagan, JC AF Houston, DR Fagan, JC TI Reexamination of effects of paraformaldehyde on tissues around tapholes in sugar maple trees SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTHEASTERN RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE sugar maple; paraformaldehyde; tapholes; discoloration; decay AB Pellets containing paraformaldehyde (PFA) are sometimes placed behind spouts in tapped sugar maples to prolong sapflow and increase the yield of sap used to make maple syrup. The practice is controversial because the chemical has been shown experimentally to promote decay and is reported to cause cambial dieback around tapholes. This study reexamined the effects of PFA on tapped sugar maple and determined how these effects also are influenced by the time of tapping and spout removal, and by taphole flushing. A survey of sugarbushes in Wisconsin revealed no relationship between PFA use and cambial dieback and rate of taphole closure. Other factors including poor tapping techniques and practices, drought, and old age affected these taphole attributes more than PFA. A trial conducted in eastern New York using young, vigorous sugar maple trees showed that PFA increased the size of discoloration columns associated with taphole wounds. Discoloration columns were smaller around the PFA tapholes made at onset of sapflow. Decay incidence around PFA taps was 60 to 75 percent compared to 25 percent for controls. The presence of decay columns increased the size of discoloration columns. Tapholes from which PFA residues were flushed with water when spouts were pulled had the most and largest decay columns; columns were especially large around tapholes made prior to sapflow (January). Tapholes with spouts pulled just before growth resumed (May) had fewer and smaller decay columns than those removed earlier (April). C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, NE Forest Expt Stn, Hamden, CT USA. RP Houston, DR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, NE Forest Expt Stn, Hamden, CT USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH EASTERN FOREST EXP STATION PI DELAWARE PA 359 MAIN RD, DELAWARE, OH 43015 USA SN 0502-3491 J9 USDA FOR SERV NE RES JI USDA For. Serv. Northeast. Res. Station Res. Paper PD MAY PY 1997 IS 706 BP 1 EP + PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 309PQ UT WOS:000086777200001 ER PT J AU Rainard, P Paape, MJ AF Rainard, P Paape, MJ TI Sensitization of the bovine mammary gland to Escherichia coli endotoxin SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE endotoxin; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; mastitis; bovine; inflammation ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INDUCED MASTITIS; COWS; PLASMA; MILK AB The effect of repeated infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin on the acute phase response in the bovine mammary gland was assessed through the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in milk. Four clinically normal lactating cows received two intramammary infusions of E coli endotoxin (33 mu g) 24 h apart in the same mammary quarter. Alone with the second infusion, the cows received one dose of endotoxin in the contralateral quarter. Milk was collected at varying intervals before and after infusion and TNF-alpha concentrations were determined by ELISA. Following the first infusion at 0 h, the mean concentrations of TNF-alpha augmented from undetectable concentrations to a maximum of 0.4 ng/mL at 4 h and declined to below 0.04 ng/mL at 24 h, the time of the second infusion. In the quarters challenged twice, the increase in TNF-alpha concentrations was abrupt, culminating at 11.7 ng/mL 6 h later (at 30 h). The increases in TNF-alpha concentrations were similar in the contralateral quarters infused once. TNF-alpha concentrations in the control, uninfused quarters of infused cows remained undetectable (< 0.04 ng/mL). Despite the low TNF-alpha response following the first infusion, mean somatic cell counts increased markedly, bring only slightly lower than after the second infusion (10(7)/mL and 5 x 10(7)/mL at 8 h and 32 h, respectively) in the quarters challenged twice. After the first infusion, none of the cows developed fever, but following the second infusion, rectal temperature increased markedly, culminating 6 h after the second infusion. These results show that an infusion in one quarter of an amount of endotoxin sufficient to induce a pronounced cell recruitment but insufficient to induce a marked TNF-alpha secretion following the first infusion sensitized not only that quarter but also the contralateral one to a second infusion with the endotoxin. It is thus possible that sensitization of the whole udder follows a first contact with a moderate dose of endotoxin in one quarter. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Rainard, P (reprint author), INRA,PATHOL INFECT & IMMUNOL LAB,F-37380 NOUZILLY,FRANCE. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3 BP 231 EP 238 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XE700 UT WOS:A1997XE70000005 PM 9208443 ER PT J AU BruningFann, CS Shank, KL Kaneene, JB AF BruningFann, CS Shank, KL Kaneene, JB TI Descriptive epidemiology of captive cervid herds in Michigan, USA SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE captive cervid; white-tailed deer; elk; period prevalence; deer ID DEER AB A study was designed to determine the species composition, disease period prevalence, and utilization of preventive practices in captive cervid herds in Michigan. This is the first description of cervid farming in the United States. Data for the 12 months preceding the study were collected by means of a mail questionnaire conducted from March 3 through June 28, 1993. Completed questionnaires were returned by 228 of 362 (63%) farms. Study respondents reported ownership of a total of 4 972 (80.9%) white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), 766 (12.5%) elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis), 284 (4.6%) fallow deer (Dama dama), 114 (1.9%) sika deer (Cervus nippon), 6 (0.1%) red deer (Cervus elaphus), 4 (< 0.1%) axis deer (Axis axis), and 2 (< 0.1%) caribou (Rangifer tarandus). The respondents provided disease data for 5 493 captive cervids. The most frequent categories of illness in captive cervids (as determined by the period prevalence rates for the 12 months preceding the study) were injuries (1.9%), respiratory disorders (1.1%), foot and leg problems (1.0%), stress due to handling or transport (0.8%), and dystocia (0.8%). The most frequent causes of death were injuries (1.0%), respiratory disorders (0.8%), stress due to handling or transport (0.7%), and unknown causes (0.7%). Use of anthelmintics was reported by 173 of 219 (79%) farms. Only 13% [28/215] vaccinated their cervids. One hundred and fifty-nine of 219 farms reported having a veterinarian who provides cervid consultation. Services provided by these veterinarians include general consultation (58.5% [93/159]), treatment of injuries (27.7% [44/159]), anthelmintic administration (25.2% [40/159]), issuance of health certificates (19.5% [31/159]), diagnosis and treatment of illnesses (17.6% [28/159]), vaccination (13.8% [22/159]), disease diagnosis (treatment provided by farmer) (8.8% [14/159]), foot care (3.8% [6/159]). and other purposes (ie. necropsy, dystocia, antler removal) (11.3% [18/159]). C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,POPULAT MED CTR,VET MED CTR AJ09,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,APHIS,HOLT,MI 48842. USDA,APHIS,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XE700 UT WOS:A1997XE70000012 PM 9208449 ER PT J AU Jang, HK Niikura, M Song, CS Mikami, T AF Jang, HK Niikura, M Song, CS Mikami, T TI Characterization and expression of the Marek's disease virus serotype 2 glycoprotein E in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells: Initial analysis of its DNA sequence and antigenic properties SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cross-reactive epitopes; glycoprotein E; Marek's disease virus serotype 2; recombinant baculovirus ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; UNIQUE SHORT REGION; MDV SEROTYPE-2; COLLINEAR RELATIONSHIP; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENUS GALLUS; 3 SEROTYPES; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; TYPE-1 AB In Marek's disease virus (MDV) serotype 2 (MDV2) genome, a gene equivalent to the glycoprotein E (gE) of other alphaherpesviruses was identified and sequenced. The primary translation product comprises 488 amino acids with a M-r of 54.3 kDa. The predicted amino acid sequence possesses several characteristics typical of membrane glycoproteins, including a N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence, C-terminal transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, and extra-cellular region containing four potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Compared with other MDV serotypes, MDV2 gE showed 47.3% identity with MDV1 gE, and 38.9% identity with HVT gE at the amino acid level. In transcriptional analyses, a 2.0 kb mRNA which starts between 65 and 86 bps upstream of the potential translational initiation codon of gE was identified as the gE-specific transcript. By a recombinant baculovirus, this potential gE coding region was expressed as several Specific products from 66 to 72 kDa. These products were susceptible to tunicamycin treatment, indicating that they were glycoprotein in nature. Further, the expressed gE reacted with al chicken-antisera raised to each of the three serotypes of MDV (strains GA, SB-1, and FC126), suggesting that gE is expressed by all three serotypes of MDV in infected cells and conserves common antigenic epitope(s) beyond those that are serotype specific. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV TOKYO,FAC AGR,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 48 IS 2 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(96)01432-3 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA XA565 UT WOS:A1997XA56500001 PM 9175249 ER PT J AU Miller, JE Shafer, SR Schoeneberger, MM Pursley, WA Horton, SJ Davey, CB AF Miller, JE Shafer, SR Schoeneberger, MM Pursley, WA Horton, SJ Davey, CB TI Influence of a mycorrhizal fungus and/or rhizobium on growth and biomass partitioning of subterranean clover exposed to ozone SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE rhizobia; VAM ID TOMATO; PLANT AB The influence of soilborne symbionts such as rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi on plant response to ozone (O-3) has not been well defined. Leguminous plants in the field are infected by both types of organisms, which influence plant nutrition and growth. We studied the effects of infection with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii and/or Gigaspora margarita on response of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv Mt. Barker) to O-3. Exposures were conducted in greenhouse CSTR chambers using four O-3 concentrations [charcoal-filtered (CF), 50, 100, or 150 ppb; 6 h day(-1), 5 day wk(-1) for 12 weeks] as main plots (replicated). Four inoculum types were subplot treatments, i.e., inoculated with one, both, or neither microorganisms. At 2-wk intervals, plants were exposed to (CO2)-C-14 and harvested 24 h later for determination of biomass and C-14 content of shoots and roots. Ozone at 100 or 150 ppb suppressed clover growth during the experiment. Inoculation with G. margarita alone suppressed clover growth by the last two harvests, whereas R. leguminosarum alone enhanced growth during this time period. When both symbionts were present, the plants grew similarly to the noninoculated controls. Shoot/root ratios were increased by 100 or 150 ppb O-3 compared to that for CF-treated plants. Shoot/root ratios were greater for all inoculated plants compared to noninoculated controls. Under low O-3 stress (CF or 50 ppb), plants inoculated with both R. leguminosarum and G. margarita transported a greater proportion of recent photosynthate (C-14) to roots than did noninoculated plants; we attribute this to metabolic requirements of the microorganisms. At the highest level of O-3 stress (150 ppb), this did not occur, probably because little photosynthate was available and the shoots retained most of it for repair of injury. Statistically significant interactions occurred between O-3 and inoculum types for shoot and total biomass. When averaged across harvests, 50 ppb O-3 suppressed biomass in the plants inoculated with G. margarita alone. Apparently, the mycorrhizal fungus is such a significant C drain that even a small amount of O-3 stress suppresses plant growth under these conditions. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA, USDA ARS, AIR QUAL PROGRAM, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. UNIV NEBRASKA, USDA, FS, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT FORESTRY, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA, USDA ARS, AIR QUAL PROGRAM, DEPT CROP SCI, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 96 IS 1-4 BP 233 EP 248 DI 10.1023/A:1026496420809 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA XJ621 UT WOS:A1997XJ62100015 ER PT J AU Loomis, JB GonzalezCaban, A AF Loomis, JB GonzalezCaban, A TI How certain are visitors of their economic values of river recreation: An evaluation using repeated questioning and revealed preference SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHOICE CONTINGENT VALUATION; DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; HYPOTHETICAL SURVEYS; EFFICIENCY; BENEFITS; TIME AB We test the robustness of visitor dichotomous choice willingness to pay (WTP) for maintaining instream flow by challenging respondent's affirmative answers. This is followed by rephrasing the per trip WTP question into an annual dichotomous choice WTP question and reasking the question. About 5% of visitors revised their ''yes'' answer to ''no.'' Estimated WTP changed from $12.81 per trip to $11.96 per trip. Using the method of convolutions, this is an insignificant difference. To further evaluate the robustness of contingent valuation method estimated WTP, these values are compared to WTP derived from the revealed preference travel cost model of the same visitors. No statistical difference was found. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST FIRE LAB,USDA,PACIFIC SW STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RP Loomis, JB (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1193 DI 10.1029/97WR00567 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA WX378 UT WOS:A1997WX37800025 ER PT J AU Forcella, F AF Forcella, F TI My view SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,803 IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 327 EP 327 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XG957 UT WOS:A1997XG95700001 ER PT J AU Buhler, DD Hartzler, RG Forcella, F AF Buhler, DD Hartzler, RG Forcella, F TI Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Importance of Weed Biology to Weed Management, at the Weed-Science-Society-of-America Meeting CY FEB 06, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Weed Sci Soc Amer DE population dynamics; tillage systems; weed ecology ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SETARIA-FABERI; CROP-ROTATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; AGRONOMIC PRACTICES; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; SOIL AB The species composition and density of weed seed in the soil vary greatly and are closely linked to the cropping history of the land. Altering tillage practices changes weed seed depth in the soil, which plays a role in weed species shifts and affects efficacy of control practices. Crop rotation and weed control practices also affect the weed seedbank. Information on the influence of cropping practices on the weed seedbank should be a useful tool for integrated weed management. Decision aid models use information on the weed seedbank to estimate weed populations, crop yield loss, and recommend weed control tactics. Understanding the light requirements of weed seed may provide new approaches to weed management. Improving and applying our understanding of weed seedbank dynamics is essential to developing improved weed management systems. The principles of plant ecology must be integrated with the science of weed management. to develop strategies that take advantage of basic plant responses in weed management systems for agronomic crops. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. RP Buhler, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 81 TC 140 Z9 171 U1 5 U2 36 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XG957 UT WOS:A1997XG95700003 ER PT J AU Steckel, GJ Hart, SE Wax, LM AF Steckel, GJ Hart, SE Wax, LM TI Absorption and translocation of glufosinate on four weed species SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glufosinate, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L) Beauv ECHCG; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L CHEAL; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm SETFA; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medikus ABUTH; ABUTH; CHEAL; ECHCG; SETFA ID GLYPHOSATE; AMMONIUM; PHOSPHINOTHRICIN; METABOLISM; EFFICACY AB Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate foliar absorption, translocation, and efficacy of glufosinate on four weed species. The rare of glufosinate required to reduce shoot dry weight by 50% (GR(50)) varied between weed species. GR(50) values for giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters were 69, 186, 199, and 235 g ai ha(-1), respectively. Absorption of C-14-glufosinate increased with time and reached a plateau 24 hours after treatment (HAT). Absorption of C-14-glufosinate was 67, 53, 42, and 16% for giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters, respectively. Translocation of absorbed C-14-glufosinate from the treated leaf was greatest for giant foxtail and barnyardgrass (15 and 14% 24 HAT of absorbed C-14-glufosinate, respectively). This compared to 5 and < 1% for translocation of absorbed C-14-glufosinate from the treated leaves of velvetleaf and common lambsquarters. The majority of C-14-glufosinate translocated by giant foxtail and barnyardgrass was found below the treated leaf and in the roots, indicating phloem mobility of the herbicide. Differential absorption and translocation of C-14-glufosinate may be contributing factors to the differential sensitivity observed between weed species. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Steckel, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 16 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 378 EP 381 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XG957 UT WOS:A1997XG95700010 ER PT J AU McGiffen, ME Forcella, F Lindstrom, MJ Reicosky, DC AF McGiffen, ME Forcella, F Lindstrom, MJ Reicosky, DC TI Covariance of cropping systems and foxtail density as predictors of weed interference SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L) Beauv SETVI; robust purple foxtail, S-viridis var robusta-purpurea Schreiber SETVP; robust white foxtail, S-viridis var robusta-alba Schreiber SETVL; no-till; chisel plow; reduced tillage; hyperbolic weed interference model; corn; Zea mays L; soybean; Glycine max (L) Merr.; wheat; Triticum aestivum L; SETVI; SETVP; SETVL ID SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS; SIMPLE-MODEL; COMPETITION; VELVETLEAF; MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE AB Regression models of the effect of weed density on crop yield can form the basis of weed management programs by helping growers decide whether weed control is economically justified. However, few studies have examined whether one regression model can be used across a wide range of tillage systems and crop rotations. We used a nonlinear analysis of covariance to examine experiments conducted in 1990 and 1991 on the interaction of weed interference with conventional, fall chisel, and no-till systems, and rotations of corn, soybean, and wheat on a clay loam soil. Corn and soybean suffered heavy losses due to interference by green foxtail (a mixed population of robust purple and robust white varieties). Both tillage system and crop rotation altered the relationship between weed density and yield for corn in 1990 and 1991, but tillage was not a factor for soybean in 1991. Companion experiments on a sandy loam soil found no relationship between weed density and dryland corn yield in the drought year 1990, but weed density greatly decreased yield in irrigated corn. In 1991, the same model fit both dryland and irrigated corn grown in sandy loam soil. Foxtail density did not affect average weight per foxtail plant in any of our experiments, which indicates a lack of intraspecific competition. Competitiveness of corn better explained variation in dry weight per foxtail than did weather. Economic thresholds for foxtail interference are not constant but vary with weather, cropping system, and soil type. C1 USDA ARS, N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB, MORRIS, MN 56267 USA. RP UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 388 EP 396 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XG957 UT WOS:A1997XG95700012 ER PT J AU Patterson, DT McGowan, M Mullahey, JJ Westbrooks, RG AF Patterson, DT McGowan, M Mullahey, JJ Westbrooks, RG TI Effects of temperature and photoperiod on tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal) and its potential range in the US SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tropical soda apple; Solanum viarum Dunal SOLVI; ecological range; exotic weed; SOLVI ID WEED; FLORIDA; PLANTS AB Tropical soda apple is an exotic perennial pasture weed currently reported in the U.S. only from Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina. In experiments to determine its environmental requirements and potential range, tropical soda apple was grown in growth chambers in 16 day/night temperature regimes ranging from 18/8 to 36/26 C. After 100 d of growth, maximum height, leaf area, and shoot biomass occurred at day/night temperatures ranging from 24/26 to 36/26 C. The plants achieved 50% or more of maximum leaf area, biomass, and height at 18/26, 24/20, 24/26, 30/26, and 36/26 C. plants survived in 8 C nights with day temperatures of 18 to 36 C, but biomass and leaf area were only 3 to 10% of maximum. Leaf appearance rate was linearly related to mean temperature over the range of 11.3 to 29.3 C, with a slope coefficient of 0.018 leaves/day/degree C. Flowering was delayed by photoperiods shorter than 10 h or temperatures lower than 24/20 C. In favorable temperatures, plants flowered within 60 d after emergence in photoperiods ranging from 8 to 16 h. Artificially pollinated flowers produced fruit with germinable seeds within 6 to 7 wk, at temperatures ranging from 23/17 to 32/26 C. A regression equation relating vegetative growth to day and night temperatures indicated that tropical soda apple could achieve 30% or more of its maximum growth rate during 7 mo of the year in southern Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas and during 4 to 5 mo of the year at sites in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Neither temperature nor photoperiod will limit its further spread in the southern U.S. and adjacent regions. C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27706. SW FLORIDA RES EDUC CTR,IMMOKALEE,FL 33934. USDA,APHIS,WHITEVILLE,NC 28472. RP Patterson, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,2199 S ROCK RD,FT PIERCE,FL 34945, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 404 EP 408 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XG957 UT WOS:A1997XG95700014 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Wauchope, RD Mullinix, BG AF Johnson, WC Wauchope, RD Mullinix, BG TI Response of peanut to low rates of MSMA SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MSMA, monosodium methanearsonate; Florida beggarweed, Desmodium tortuosum (Sw) DC DEDTO; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L; peanut, Arachis hypogaea L; arsenic; atomic absorption spectroscopy; pesticide residue; DEDTO ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; FOLIAGE; DRIFT AB The response of peanut to low rates of MSMA under weed-free conditions was studied in 1992 and 1994 near Tifton, GA. MSMA was applied 40, 70, 100, or 130 days after emergence (DAE). At each application timing, MSMA was applied at 0, 90, 168, and 336 g ai ha(-1) MSMA application timing did not affect peanut yield. Increasing rates of MSMA caused minor reduction in peanut yield. Analysis using atomic absorption spectroscopy showed elemental arsenic accumulation of less than or equal to 0.7 ppm in peanut kernels from MSMA applied 70 and 100 DAE. This approximates the time interval of peanut pod and kernel formation. MSMA applied 40 and 130 DAE resulted in little detectable arsenic in kernels. Low rates of MSMA, originating as drift from aerial applications to cotton or illegal and unsound applications to peanut for Florida beggarweed control, are not likely to reduce peanut yields. The greatest hazard from peanut exposure to MSMA is accumulation of arsenic in kernels, which would adversely affect peanut marketability and consumer demand. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 430 EP 433 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XG957 UT WOS:A1997XG95700020 ER PT J AU AlKhatib, K Libbey, C Boydston, R AF AlKhatib, K Libbey, C Boydston, R TI Weed suppression with Brassica green manure crops in green pea SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cultivation; isothiocyanates; STEME; SETVI; KCHSC; CAPBP ID RYE SECALE-CEREALE; BENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; IONIC THIOCYANATE; GROWTH; SOIL; PLANTS; WHEAT; DEGRADATION; GERMINATION; RESIDUES AB Weed suppression in green pea was evaluated when green pea was planted after a fall planting of rapeseed, white mustard, rye, or wheat had been incorporated into the soil in spring. Tests were conducted at Mount Vernon, WA, in 1994 and 1995. Weed suppression in peas varied between different green manure crops. One month after planting, the highest weed population was in green pea following wheat, whereas the lowest was in green pea following rapeseed. Rye and white mustard suppressed early weeds relative to wheat by 25 and 30%, respectively. However, at harvest, weed density was similar in green pea planted after all green manure crops. Weed suppression improved when cultivation or metribuzin at 0.14 kg ha(-1) was used in combination with white mustard, rapeseed, or rye. Pea population was not affected by green manure crops, except for rapeseed, which reduced pea population. In greenhouse experiments, white mustard added to the soil at 20 g per 400 g air dry soil reduced emergence of shepherd's-purse, kochia, and green foxtail by 97, 54, and 43%, respectively. Rapeseed suppressed emergence of shepherd's-purse, kochia, and green foxtail by 76, 25, and 25%, respectively. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,NW RES EXTENS CTR,MT VERNON,WA 98273. USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP AlKhatib, K (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 30 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 439 EP 445 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XG957 UT WOS:A1997XG95700022 ER PT J AU Rowe, ML Lee, DJ Nissen, SJ Bowditch, BM Masters, RA AF Rowe, ML Lee, DJ Nissen, SJ Bowditch, BM Masters, RA TI Genetic variation in North American leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) determined by DNA markers SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE leafy spurge; Euphorbia esula L EPHES; weed biocontrol; population generics; genetic distance; chloroplast DNA; RFLPs; RAPDs; EPHES ID CHLOROPLAST DNA; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; DIVERSITY; WEEDS AB Levels of inter- and intrapopulation genetic variation were determined in five North American populations of leafy spurge using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) RFLPs and RAPD markers. Thirteen plastome types were identified among 123 individuals collected from five geographically separated populations. Number of plastomes within a population ranged from one to seven, with four of the populations having a predominate type plus one or more rarer types. Some plastome types were shared by populations, but plastome distribution among populations was nonrandom. RAPD markers indicated greatest relatedness among individuals within a population. Relatedness among populations as established through RAPDs was greater for geographically closer populations; this relationship was not observed for cpDNA markers. Differences in the range of movement for pollen and seed may account for differences between results of the cpDNA and RAPD analyses. The high degree of genetic variability among North American leafy spurge suggests possible multiple introductions or a high degree of variability within leafy spurge populations in its native range. C1 TRINITY COLL,WASHINGTON,DC 20017. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Rowe, ML (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 446 EP 454 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XG957 UT WOS:A1997XG95700023 ER PT J AU Burkart, MR Buhler, DD AF Burkart, MR Buhler, DD TI A regional framework for analyzing weed species and assemblage distributions using a geographic information system SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE regional analyses; spatial distribution; weed population shifts ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB This paper presents a framework in which the spatial and temporal domain of weed populations can be analyzed using geographically referenced information. The regional framework for analysis is based on the premise that the domain of a weed species or an assemblage of species can be described in terms of the space and time in which they survive. Published maps of the spatial distribution of individual weed species were converted to digital records defining their geographic domain. Digital records were imported into a geographically referenced data system. Assemblage maps were produced by intersecting domains of individual species. The assemblage maps show areas with similar intensity of the occurrence of species selected for analysis. The most intense occurrence of summer annual species, for example, exists in a relatively small area of the Midwest. The framework presented in this paper is a concept for a tool to evaluate, manage, and manipulate weed distribution data at the regional scale. Analysis at the regional scale is a perspective substantially different from the plot or field-scale analysis traditionally used to study and manage weed populations. Regional analysis has application to weed science by increasing the understanding of regional patterns of weed infestation and the factors that regulate them. This information will be useful to the herbicide industry, plant ecologists, resource managers, and agricultural policy makers. RP Burkart, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 455 EP 462 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XG957 UT WOS:A1997XG95700024 ER PT J AU Wyckoff, HA Whitehead, TR AF Wyckoff, HA Whitehead, TR TI Improved electroporation protocol and vectors for Streptococcus bovis SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electroporation; Streptococcus bovis; rumen; plasmid ID LACTIC STREPTOCOCCI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AMYLASE ACTIVITY; CLONING VECTORS; BACTERIA; TRANSFORMATION; REPLICATE; SANGUIS; RUMEN AB An improved method for electroporation of the ruminal bacterium Streptococcus bovis was developed. The organism was grown aerobically in hyperosmotic medium in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) glycine, and electroporation was carried out in a sucrose-glycerol solution with a field strength of 12.5 kV/cm, 200 Omega resistance and 25 mu F capacitance. Electroporation efficiencies of 0.5 to 2.0 x 10(5) transformants/mu g DNA were achieved. Improved vectors for S. bovis were developed that include a multiple cloning site, and also a promoter region from the S. bovis intracellular amylase gene that may serve as an expression system for foreign genes. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1023/A:1018522721626 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XD432 UT WOS:A1997XD43200004 ER PT J AU Cliquet, S Jackson, MA AF Cliquet, S Jackson, MA TI Comparison of air-drying methods for evaluating the desiccation tolerance of liquid culture-produced blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desiccation drying; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; spores ID SURVIVAL; STORAGE; CONIDIA AB Various drying methods were tested to identify a standard procedure for evaluating the desiccation tolerance of liquid culture-produced blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. Since our work is focused on optimizing fermentation conditions for the production of P. fumosoroseus, the criteria for selecting a drying method included ease of use, moderate spore survival after drying and limited variation in spore survival. Three air-drying methods were tested: P. fumosoroseus blastospores mixed with silica gel, with sand, or with diatomaceous earth. Humidity controlled drying was used in the diatomaceous earth drying method. Blastospore survivals after drying were 19% (C.V. range, 32 to 45%), 82% (C.V. range, 26 to 43%), and 2% (C.V. range 32 to 50%) for the silica gel, sand, and diatomaceous earth methods, respectively. Blastospores dried using the silica gel and sand methods had been rinsed in 0.7 M poldyethylene glycol before drying and rehydrated in the same solution for determination of survival. The variation observed within each method was similar. The silica gel drying method was selected as most appropriate for our studies based on moderate blastospore survival (19%) and ease of use. RP Cliquet, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1023/A:1018535124352 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XD432 UT WOS:A1997XD43200010 ER PT J AU Hashem, FM Saleh, SA vanBerkum, P Voll, M AF Hashem, FM Saleh, SA vanBerkum, P Voll, M TI Survival of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis) on fungicide-treated peanut seed in relationship to plant growth and yield SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundnut; nitrogen fixation; nodulation; pesticides; symbiosis ID RHIZOBIA AB Survival and viability of Bradyrhizobium inoculant on fungicide-treated peanut seed and the resulting effects on nitrogen fixation, plant growth and seed yield were determined. Vitavax and Benomyl had the most and least lethal actions against Bradyrhizobium strains grown on YEM medium containing a fungicide, respectively, while Thiram and Captan effects were intermediate. Survival of Bradyrhizobium USDA 3384 and USDA 3456, as single strain peat inoculants, on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. var. Florunner) seeds treated with Benomyl or Vitavax at the rate of 3 g/kg seed was also examined. Both fungicides inhibited the growth and affected the survival of strain USDA 3384 on peanut seed. Vitavax killed the inoculant in 9 h. Ln contrast, USDA 3456 resisted both fungicides, and survived for up to 72 h. Nodule formation on greenhouse-grown plants inoculated with USDA 3384 was inhibited by all fungicides. Shoot dry weight and plant nitrogen content significantly decreased as compared to controls. Fungicides, except Vitavax, had a slight effect on nodulation and plant growth when USDA 3456 was used as inoculant. The agronomic importance of fungicide-inoculant interaction was examined in field experiments conducted in Egypt in soil free of peanut-nodulating Bradyrhizobium, where seeds were treated with a combination of two fungicides and a single strain peat inoculant of either USDA 3384 or USDA 3456. All fungicides decreased nodulation, nitrogen fixation, plant growth and seed yield, especially with USDA 3384 as inoculant. Fungicides inhibited viability and survival of Bradyrhizobium on peanut seeds which decreased nodule formation leading to reduced peanut seed yield. C1 USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR RES CTR,SOILS & WATER RES INST,GIZA,EGYPT. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1023/A:1018595310239 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XD432 UT WOS:A1997XD43200015 ER PT J AU Moniruzzaman, M Dien, BS Skory, CD Chen, ZD Hespell, RB Ho, NWY Dale, BE Bothast, RJ AF Moniruzzaman, M Dien, BS Skory, CD Chen, ZD Hespell, RB Ho, NWY Dale, BE Bothast, RJ TI Fermentation of corn fibre sugars by an engineered xylose utilizing Saccharomyces yeast strain SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFEX; corn fibre; ethanol; Saccharomyces ID ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CEREVISIAE; EXPRESSION; REDUCTASE; SELECTION; GENES AB The ability of a recombinant Saccharomyces yeast strain to ferment the sugars glucose, xylose, arabinose and galactose which are the predominant monosaccharides found in corn fibre hydrolysates has been examined. Saccharomyces strain 1400 (pLNH32) was genetically engineered to ferment xylose by expressing genes encoding a xylose reductase, a xylitol dehydrogenase and a xylulose kinase. The recombinant efficiently fermented xylose alone or in the presence of glucose. Xylose-grown cultures had very little difference in xylitol accumulation, with only 4 to 5 g/l accumulating, in aerobic, micro-aerated and anaerobic conditions. Highest production of ethanol with all sugars was achieved under anaerobic conditions. From a mixture of glucose (80 g/l) and xylose (40 g/l), this strain produced 52 g/l ethanol, equivalent to 85% of theoretical yield, in less than 24 h. Using a mixture of glucose (31 g/l), xylose (15.2 g/l), arabinose (10.5 g/l) and galactose (2 g/l), all of the sugars except arabinose were consumed in 24 h with an accumulation of 22 g ethanol/l, a 90% yield (excluding the arabinose in the calculation since it is not fermented). Approximately 98% theoretical yield, or 21 g ethanol/l, was achieved using an enzymatic hydrolysate of ammonia fibre exploded corn fibre containing an estimated 47.0 g mixed sugars/l, In all mixed sugar fermentations, less than 25% arabinose was consumed and converted into arabitol. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. PURDUE UNIV,LORRE,POTTER CTR 1295,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 27 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 10 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1023/A:1018547427078 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XD432 UT WOS:A1997XD43200016 ER PT J AU Wollenweber, E Dorr, M Fritz, H Papendieck, S Yatskievych, G Roitman, JN AF Wollenweber, E Dorr, M Fritz, H Papendieck, S Yatskievych, G Roitman, JN TI Exudate flavonoids in miscellaneous Asteraceae .3. Exudate flavonoids in Asteraceae from Arizona, California and Mexico SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; Astereae; Eupatorieae; Helenieae; Heliantheae; exudate flavonoids AB A series of Asteraceae, belonging to the tribes Astereae, Eupatorieae, Helenieae and Heliantheae, have been analyzed for the presence of flavonoid aglycones accumulated on leaf and stem surfaces. Methyl ethers of apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, and quercetin as well as methyl ethers of their relevant 6-hydroxy derivatives were abundant, whereas 8-O-substituted derivatives and flavanones were encountered only occasionally; 6,8-di-O-substituted flavonols were found in only one species. C1 MISSOURI BOT GARDEN,ST LOUIS,MO 63166. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Wollenweber, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,D-64287 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 52 IS 5-6 BP 301 EP 307 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XJ717 UT WOS:A1997XJ71700004 ER PT J AU Whiting, RC Oriente, JC AF Whiting, RC Oriente, JC TI Time-to-turbidity model for non-proteolytic type B Clostridium botulinum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial pathogens; risk assessment; predictive microbiology ID MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES; TOXIN PRODUCTION; COOKED TURKEY; LAG PHASE; GROWTH; PROBABILITY; TEMPERATURE; TOXIGENESIS; BROTH; INCUBATION AB A model to predict the time for growth to turbidity from spores of non-proteolytic type B strains of Clostridium botulinum was developed in broth media with varying temperatures (4-28 degrees C), pH values (5-7), NaCl additions (0-4%) and total spores (10(1)-10(5)). The model estimates the probability that a sample will have growth on a given day for up to 90 days of storage. The parameters of the model include the probability of growth after 90 days (P-max) and the mean time of growth (tau) for those tubes that showed growth. The 95% confidence interval (CI95%) for tau was also determined. The tau decreased with increasing temperature and pH, but NaCl levels below 3% had little effect. Decreasing the number of spores in a sample increased both tau and the confidence intervals about tau, reflecting the increasing uncertainty about the estimation of growth times for low spore numbers. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Whiting, RC (reprint author), ARS,MICROBIOL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,EASTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 29 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(96)01244-5 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA WW840 UT WOS:A1997WW84000004 PM 9168314 ER PT J AU Carver, JA Esposito, G Viglino, P Fogolari, F Guichard, G Briand, JP VanRegenmortel, MHV Brown, F Mascagni, P AF Carver, JA Esposito, G Viglino, P Fogolari, F Guichard, G Briand, JP VanRegenmortel, MHV Brown, F Mascagni, P TI Structural comparison between retro-inverso and parent peptides: Molecular basis for the biological activity of a retro-inverso analogue of the immunodominant fragment of VP1 coat protein from foot-and-mouth disease virus SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; COMMON AMINO-ACIDS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; H-1-NMR SPECTRA; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; ROTATING-FRAME; NMR-SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY AB Antibodies induced against intact foot-and-mouth disease Virus (FMDV) particles bind to the retro-inverso analogue of fragment 141-159 of the viral coat protein VPI of FMDV, variant A, equally well as to the parent peptide. A conformational investigation of this retro-inverso peptide was carried out by nmr spectroscopy and restrained molecular modeling in order to identify the structural basis for the antigenic mimicry between these retro-inverso and parent peptides. In 100% trifluoroethanol a well-defined left-handed alpha-helical region exists from residue 150 to residue 159, which is consistently present in all conformational families obtained from restrained modelling. A less-defined left-handed helical region is present in the tract 144-148, which is also consistent for all structures. Conformational flexibility exists about Gly149, which leads to two types of structures, either bent or lineal. In the bent structures, a three-residue inverse tight turn is found, which can be classified as an inverse gamma-turn centered at Gly149. The overall structural features of the retro-inverso peptide are shown to be similar to those of the parent L-peptide. The two molecules, however, are roughly min or images because they share inherently chiral secondary structure elements. By comparing these conformational conclusion with the x-ray structure of the Fab complex of a corresponding VPI antigenic fragment, a rationale is proposed to account for the topological requirements of specific recognition that are implied by the equivalent antigenic activity of the natural and retro-inverso compounds. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 UNIV UDINE,DIPARTIMENTO SCI & TECNOL BIOMED,I-33100 UDINE,ITALY. CNRS,INST BIOL MOL & CELLULAIRE,UPR 9021 IMMUNOCHIM PEPTIDES & VIRUS,F-67084 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. ITALFARMACO RES CTR,DEPT PEPTIDE CHEM,I-20092 MILAN,ITALY. RI Carver, John/J-3825-2014; GUICHARD, Gilles/I-3858-2016 OI Carver, John/0000-0002-2441-8108; GUICHARD, Gilles/0000-0002-2584-7502 NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 41 IS 5 BP 569 EP 590 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(19970415)41:5<569::AID-BIP8>3.0.CO;2-K PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WQ810 UT WOS:A1997WQ81000008 PM 9095678 ER PT J AU GuardPetter, J AF GuardPetter, J TI Induction of flagellation and a novel agar-penetrating flagellar structure in Salmonella enterica grown on solid media: Possible consequences for serological identification SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; flagella; cell surface; chicken; egg ID ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; EGGS AB Salmonella enterica grown on solid medium containing iron, thiosulfate and 100 mM hexoses and amino acids underwent cell surface differentiation involving increased flagellation (electrophoretic isotypes 60, 54 and 50 kDa), conversion from rough to smooth lipopolysaccharide, and assembly of a matrix that penetrated 1.4% agar. Flagellation was also induced in the avian pathogen S. enterica var Pullorum, which is diagnostically defined as aflagellate. Induction correlated closely with a simple colonial color change when Hektoen Enteric agar was used as the basal growth medium. Group D1 egg-contaminating Salmonella grown under inducing conditions deviated from their expected H-antigen immunoreactivity, suggesting possible consequences for the interpretation of the Kauffman-White identification scheme. RP GuardPetter, J (reprint author), ARS,SEPRL,USDA,934 COLL STN DR,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 149 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10325.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV195 UT WOS:A1997WV19500005 PM 9141658 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Snyder, OP Marmer, BS AF Juneja, VK Snyder, OP Marmer, BS TI Thermal destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef and chicken: Determination of D- and z-values SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157:H7; thermal destruction; beef; chicken ID SURVIVAL; HEAT AB Thermal inactivation of a four-strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 was determined in 90% lean ground beef, and lean ground chicken. Inoculated meat was packaged in bags which were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, and 65 degrees C for predetermined lengths of time. D-values, determined by linear regression, in beef were 21.13, 4.95, 3.17, 0.93 and 0.39 min, respectively (z = 6.0 degrees C). Using a survival model for non-linear survival curves, D-values in beef ranged from 20.45 min (D-1; and there was no D-2) at 55 degrees C to 0.16 min (D-1) and 1.45 min (D-2) at 65 degrees C. When E. coli O157:H7 four-strain cocktail was heated in chicken, D-values calculated by both approaches were consistently less at all temperatures. The heat resistance of E. coli O157:H7 was not altered after refrigerated or frozen storage of inoculated beef for 48 h. The results of this study will be beneficial to the food industry in designing HACCP plans to effectively eliminate E. coli O157:H7 in the meat products used in this study. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 HOSPITAL INST TECHNOL & MANAGEMENT, ST PAUL, MN 55114 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), AGR RES SERV, USDA, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, WYNDMOOR, PA 19038 USA. NR 23 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 EI 1879-3460 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 35 IS 3 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(96)01237-8 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA WR971 UT WOS:A1997WR97100005 PM 9105932 ER PT J AU Gould, F Anderson, A Jones, A Sumerford, D Heckel, DG Lopez, J Micinski, S Leonard, R Laster, M AF Gould, F Anderson, A Jones, A Sumerford, D Heckel, DG Lopez, J Micinski, S Leonard, R Laster, M TI Initial frequency of alleles for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in field populations of Heliothis virescens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE transgenic crops; insecticides; evolution ID INSECT RESISTANCE; GENETIC-BASIS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; CROPS; MANAGEMENT; MIGRATION; SELECTION; EVOLUTION; RECEPTOR AB The risk of rapid pest adaptation to an insecticide is highly dependent on the initial frequency of resistance alleles in field populations. Because we have lacked empirical estimates of these frequencies, population-genetic models of resistance evolution have relied on a wide range of theoretical estimates. The recent commercialization of genetically engineered cotton that constitutively produces an insecticidal protein derived from the biocontrol agent, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has raised concern that we lack data needed to quantify the risk of insect pests such as Heliothis virescens rapidly adapting to this ecologically valuable class of toxins. By individually mating over 2,000 male H. virescens moths collected in four states to females of Bt toxin-resistant laboratory strain, and screening F-1 and F-2 offspring for tolerance of the toxic protein, we were able to directly estimate the field frequency of alleles for resistance as 1.5 x 10(-3). This high initial frequency underscores the need for caution in deploying transgenic cotton to control insect pests. Our single-pair mating technique greatly increases the efficiency of detecting recessive resistance alleles. Because alleles that decrease target site sensitivity to Bt toxins and other insecticides are often recessive, this technique could be useful in estimating resistance allele frequencies in other insects exposed to transgenic insecticidal crops or conventional insecticides. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,CLEMSON,SC 29634. ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,USDA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,BOSSIER CITY,LA 71113. LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,WINNSBORO,LA 71295. ARS,USDA,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP Gould, F (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BOX 7634,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. RI Heckel, David/K-2138-2013 OI Heckel, David/0000-0001-8991-2150 NR 35 TC 218 Z9 242 U1 3 U2 23 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 8 BP 3519 EP 3523 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.8.3519 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WW810 UT WOS:A1997WW81000009 PM 11038613 ER PT J AU Ananiev, EV RieraLizarazu, O Rines, HW Phillips, RL AF Ananiev, EV RieraLizarazu, O Rines, HW Phillips, RL TI Oat-maize chromosome addition lines: A new system for mapping the maize genome SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE corn; chromosome-specific; cosmid library; repetitive DNA; cloning ID REPETITIVE DNA; ZEA-MAYS; LIBRARY; GRASSES; PLANTS; WHEAT; HYBRIDIZATION; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCES; SELECTION AB Novel plants with individual maize chromosomes added to a complete oat genome have been recovered via embryo rescue from oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42) x maize (Zen mays L., 2n = 20) crosses. An oat-maize disomic addition line possessing 21 pairs of oat chromosomes and one maize chromosome 9 pair was used to construct a cosmid library. A multiprobe (mixture of labeled fragments used as a probe) of highly repetitive maize-specific sequences was used to selectively isolate cosmid clones containing maize genomic DNA. Hybridization of individual maize cosmid clones or their subcloned fragments to maize and oat genomic DNA revealed that most high, middle, or low copy number DNA sequences are maize-specific. Such DNA markers allow the identification of maize genomic DNA in an oat genomic background. Chimeric cosmid clones were not found; apparently, significant exchanges of genetic material had not occurred between the maize-addition chromosome and the oat genome in these novel plants or in the cloning process. About 95% of clones selected at random from a maize genomic cosmid library could be detected by the multiprobe. The ability to selectively detect maize sequences in an oat background enables us to consider oat as a host for the cloning of specific maize chromosomes or maize chromosome segments. Introgressing maize chromosome segments into the oat genome via irradiation should allow the construction of a library of overlapping fragments for each maize chromosome to be used for developing a physical map of the maize genome. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,INST PLANT MOL GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,USDA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. OI Riera-Lizarazu, Oscar/0000-0002-7477-4063 NR 42 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 8 BP 3524 EP 3529 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.8.3524 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WW810 UT WOS:A1997WW81000010 PM 9108009 ER PT J AU Li, DD Blakey, CA Dewald, C Dellaporta, SL AF Li, DD Blakey, CA Dewald, C Dellaporta, SL TI Evidence for a common sex determination mechanism for pistil abortion in maize and in its wild relative Tripsacum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DACTYLOIDES POACEAE; ZEA-MAYS; TASSEL AB Cultivated maize (Zea mays) and several other members of the Tribe Andropogoneae produce unisexual florets. In maize, the formation of two staminate florets in each spikelet on the tassel and a single pistillate floret in each spikelet on the ear includes a pistil abortion process that requires the action of the TASSELSEED2 gene. In Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) the GYNOMONOECIOUS SEX FORM1 gene appears to perform a similar role in pistil abortion. These genes were shown to be homeologs by restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping and by the failure of the gsf1 and ts2 alleles to complement one another in intergeneric hybrids. Molecular analysis of the gsf1 allele shows that it is caused by a 1.4-kb deletion mutation. Both TASSELSEEDZ and GYNOMONOECIOUS SEX FORM1 show similar expression patterns in subepidermal cells of pistils just before abortion. These results suggest that the formation of staminate florets in the Andropogoneae represents a monophyletic trait. C1 YALE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,WOODWARD,OK 73801. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM38148, R01 GM038148] NR 21 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 8 BP 4217 EP 4222 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.8.4217 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WW810 UT WOS:A1997WW81000133 PM 9108132 ER PT J AU Neilan, JG Lu, Z Kutish, GF Zsak, L Burrage, TG Borca, MV Carrillo, C Rock, DL AF Neilan, JG Lu, Z Kutish, GF Zsak, L Burrage, TG Borca, MV Carrillo, C Rock, DL TI A BIR motif containing gene of African swine fever virus, 4CL, is nonessential for growth in vitro and viral virulence SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; DNA-SEQUENCES; FACTOR CSF-1; APOPTOSIS; PROTEIN; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; REPLICATION; CLONING; GENOME AB An African swine fever virus (ASFV) gene with similarity to viral and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis genes (lap) has been described in the African isolate Malawi Lil-20/1 (ORF 4CL) and a cell-culture-adapted European virus, BA71V (ORF A224L). The similarity of the ASFV gene to genes involved in inhibiting cellular apoptosis suggested the gene may regulate apoptosis in ASFV-infected cells and thus may function in ASFV virulence and/or host range. Sequence analysis of additional African and European pathogenic isolates demonstrates that this gene is highly conserved among both pig and tick ASN isolates and that its similarity to lap genes is limited to the presence of a single IAP repeat motif (BIR motif) in the ASFV gene. To study gene function, a 4CL gene deletion mutant, Delta 4CL, was constructed from the pathogenic Malawi Lil-20/1 isolate. Growth characteristics of Delta 4CL in swine macrophage cell cultures were indistinguishable from those of parental virus. infected macrophage survival time and the induction and magnitude of apoptosis in virus-infected macrophages were comparable for cells infected with either Delta 4CL or parental virus. in infected swine, Delta 4CL exhibited an unaltered Malawi LiI-20/1 Virulence phenotype. These data indicate that, although highly conserved among ASN isolates, the 4CL gene is nonessential for growth in macrophage cell cultures in vitro and for pig virulence. Additionally, despite its limited similarity to lap genes, 4CL exhibits no anti-apoptotic function in infected macrophage cell cultures. The high degree of gene conservation among ASN isolates, together with the apparent lack of function in the swine host, suggests 4CL may be a host range gene involved in aspects of infection in the arthropod host, ticks of the genus Omithodoros. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. NR 59 TC 39 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 14 PY 1997 VL 230 IS 2 BP 252 EP 264 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8481 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA WV204 UT WOS:A1997WV20400012 PM 9143281 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Bell, AA AF Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Bell, AA TI Kenaf: A source of potent phytoalexins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 1 EP ARGO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500192 ER PT J AU Atalla, RH AF Atalla, RH TI Toward a more comprehensive model of the assembly of wood cell walls. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 2 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501005 ER PT J AU French, AD Miller, DP Aabloo, A AF French, AD Miller, DP Aabloo, A TI Modeling cellulose. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. DPM CONSULTING,WAVELAND,MS 39576. TARTU STATE UNIV,INST SCI MAT,EE-2400 TARTU,ESTONIA. RI Aabloo, Alvo/C-5639-2011; Aabloo, Alvo/G-9396-2015 OI Aabloo, Alvo/0000-0002-0183-1282; Aabloo, Alvo/0000-0002-0183-1282 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 11 EP CELL PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501014 ER PT J AU Hardin, IR Li, YH Akin, DE AF Hardin, IR Li, YH Akin, DE TI Cotton wall structure and enzymatic treatments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 17 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501020 ER PT J AU Thibodeaux, DP AF Thibodeaux, DP TI Improved understanding of strength/structure relationships for cotton fibers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 21 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501024 ER PT J AU Goynes, WR Ingber, BF Howley, PS Bertoniere, NR AF Goynes, WR Ingber, BF Howley, PS Bertoniere, NR TI Effects of cellulases on the morphological structure of cotton fibers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 24 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501027 ER PT J AU Akin, DE Henriksson, G Morrison, WH Eriksson, KEL AF Akin, DE Henriksson, G Morrison, WH Eriksson, KEL TI Enzymatic retting of flax. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. UNIV GEORGIA,CTR BIOL RESOURCE RECOVERY,ATHENS,GA 30602. RI Henriksson, Gunnar/G-3556-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 29 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501032 ER PT J AU Steinheimer, TR AF Steinheimer, TR TI Transport of atrazine and metolachlor through a small watershed of the Iowa loess hills. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 30 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500221 ER PT J AU Fuller, G McKeon, TA AF Fuller, G McKeon, TA TI Influence of chemistry and technology on agriculture in California. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 31 EP PROF PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18703719 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Paulson, GD AF Smith, DJ Paulson, GD TI Distribution of radioactive residues after intramammary, intrauterine, or topical ocular administration of [C-14]nitrofurazone to lactating cattle SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 31 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500222 ER PT J AU Doner, LW Hicks, KB AF Doner, LW Hicks, KB TI Structure, properties, and novel isolation process for corn fiber arabinoxylan. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 34 EP CARB PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500928 ER PT J AU Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Hemming, CJ Bertoniere, NR AF Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Hemming, CJ Bertoniere, NR TI Synthesis and characterization of epoxy crotyl celluloses. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,HAWAII AGR RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 34 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501037 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Tawara, JN Goodall, MJ AF Johnston, JJ Tawara, JN Goodall, MJ TI Degradation of 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) in watermelon baits: Identification of glucosylamine and propanonamine reaction products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 37 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500228 ER PT J AU TraskMorrell, BJ Graves, EE Blanchard, EJ AF TraskMorrell, BJ Graves, EE Blanchard, EJ TI Thermal end mass spectrometric characteristics of durable press finishes containing two additives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 37 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501040 ER PT J AU Akhtar, M AF Akhtar, M TI An overview of biomechanical and biochemical pulping SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 39 EP CELL PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501042 ER PT J AU Smith, MR Zahnley, JC AF Smith, MR Zahnley, JC TI Evidence for a GTF from L-mesenteroides B-1355 synthesizing alpha(1->2) glucosidic linkages. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 40 EP CARB PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500934 ER PT J AU Ahlgren, JA AF Ahlgren, JA TI Improved detection of glucansucrase activity following electrophoresis using neutral pH sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 41 EP CARB PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500935 ER PT J AU Morris, NM Catalano, EA Morris, CE AF Morris, NM Catalano, EA Morris, CE TI Characterization of cotton and treated cotton by FT-IR and FT-IR microspectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 45 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501048 ER PT J AU Welch, CM Peters, JG AF Welch, CM Peters, JG TI Formaldehyde-free DP finishing with malic acid and high density polyethylene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 46 EP CELL PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501049 ER PT J AU Lehrfeld, J AF Lehrfeld, J TI Cation exchange resins prepared by torrefaction of phytic acid with some agricultural residues. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 47 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500048 ER PT J AU Vigo, TL AF Vigo, TL TI Interaction of cellulose with other polymers: Retrospective and prospective SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 48 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501051 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM Bao, GP Francis, A Marmer, WN AF Cardamone, JM Bao, GP Francis, A Marmer, WN TI Union dyeing of biguanide-pretreated wool/cotton textiles with vinyl sulfone dyes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 50 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501053 ER PT J AU Rein, D Yokoyama, WH Xu, RP German, JB AF Rein, D Yokoyama, WH Xu, RP German, JB TI Antioxidant effects in the atherogenic hamster model. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 50 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500051 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AT Revear, LG Wells, JM AF Hotchkiss, AT Revear, LG Wells, JM TI Characterization of plant signal compounds responsible for inducing pectate lyase production by soft-rot bacteria. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERRC,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 53 EP CARB PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500947 ER PT J AU Cox, L Koskinen, WC Yen, PY Celis, R Cornejo, J Hermosin, MC AF Cox, L Koskinen, WC Yen, PY Celis, R Cornejo, J Hermosin, MC TI Sorption of imidacloprid on soil clay mineral and organic components. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. BAYER CORP,STILWELL,KS. ARS,USDA,ST PAUL,MN. CSIC,IRNAS,E-41080 SEVILLE,SPAIN. RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012; COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015 OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 54 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500245 ER PT J AU Xia, J Gebeyehu, G Gaigalas, A Erber, EF Wergin, WP AF Xia, J Gebeyehu, G Gaigalas, A Erber, EF Wergin, WP TI Quasi-elastic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering, fluorescence, thermal analysis and electron microscopic studies of DNA-liposome complexes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LTI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20884. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20877. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 57 EP COLL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18502299 ER PT J AU Koskinen, WC Sorenson, BA Buhler, DD Wyse, DL Lueschen, WE Cheng, HH AF Koskinen, WC Sorenson, BA Buhler, DD Wyse, DL Lueschen, WE Cheng, HH TI Use of field lysimeters to determine the persistence and movement of 14C-dicamba in soil. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 58 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500249 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Goldberg, S Su, C Manning, BA AF Suarez, DL Goldberg, S Su, C Manning, BA TI Evaluation of oxyanion adsorption mechanisms on oxides using FTIR spectroscopy and electrophoretic mobility. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 59 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503501 ER PT J AU Bertoniere, NR Howley, PS Ruppenicker, GF Anthony, WS AF Bertoniere, NR Howley, PS Ruppenicker, GF Anthony, WS TI Effect of dry and wet processing on hydroxyl availability in cotton cellulose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. ARS,USDA,REE,MSA,CGR,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 60 EP CELL PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501063 ER PT J AU King, JC AF King, JC TI Considerations regarding the future dietary reference intakes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 60 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500061 ER PT J AU Atalla, RH AF Atalla, RH TI The structures of native celluloses. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 61 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501064 ER PT J AU Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE AF Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE TI Some factors which influence enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 70 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501073 ER PT J AU Hardin, IR Li, YH Akin, DE AF Hardin, IR Li, YH Akin, DE TI Innovative enzymatic approaches to textile chemical processing. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. ARS,USDA,RICHARD B RUSSELL CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 71 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501074 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Huwe, JK AF Shelver, WL Huwe, JK TI Development of an immunoaffinity column for a tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 71 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500427 ER PT J AU Wu, YV Rosati, RR Brown, PB AF Wu, YV Rosati, RR Brown, PB TI Growth, feed conversion, and protein utilization of nile tilapia fed diets containing corn gluten meal, full-fat soy, and synthetic amino acids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY & NAT RESOURCES,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR,NORMAL,IL 61790. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 78 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500079 ER PT J AU Snook, ME Peterson, JK Harrison, HF AF Snook, ME Peterson, JK Harrison, HF TI Sucrose esters from Spergula arvensis are strong inhibitors of seed germination. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,ATHENS,GA 30604. US VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 79 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500080 ER PT J AU Meredith, FI Riley, RT Bacon, CW Showker, JL Williams, D Carlson, D AF Meredith, FI Riley, RT Bacon, CW Showker, JL Williams, D Carlson, D TI Dietary levels of fumonisin FB1 in feed correlated with sphingoid base elevation in rainbow trout liver and kidney tissue. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,ATHENS,GA 30604. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 80 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500081 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Fitch, TE Levin, CE Yokoyama, WH AF Friedman, M Fitch, TE Levin, CE Yokoyama, WH TI Reduction of dietary cholesterol absorption and LDL plasma cholesterol in hamsters fed tomatine. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 81 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500082 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Wing, RE AF Sessa, DJ Wing, RE TI Citrate derivatives of corn distillers' grains and soy proteins-cation exchange properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 82 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500083 ER PT J AU Klavons, JA Dintzis, FR Millard, MM AF Klavons, JA Dintzis, FR Millard, MM TI Hydrodynamic chromatography and laser light scattering measurements of high molecular weight waxy maize amylopectins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 85 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500086 ER PT J AU Raymond, D Swink, D Rejeski, D Chum, H Wegner, T AF Raymond, D Swink, D Rejeski, D Chum, H Wegner, T TI Forest Products Agenda 2020 round-table discussions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WEYERHAEUSER CO,TACOMA,WA 98477. US DOE,OFF IND TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20585. WHITE HOUSE OFF SCI & TECHNOL POLICY,WASHINGTON,DC 20502. NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 85 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501088 ER PT J AU Wegner, TH AF Wegner, TH TI Achieving healthy forests, a healthy economy, and protecting the environment through partnerships SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 86 EP CELL PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501089 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Vercellotti, JR Sanders, TH AF Chung, SY Vercellotti, JR Sanders, TH TI Stress proteins: Potential maturity indicators for uncured peanuts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. V LABS INC,COVINGTON,LA 70433. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA,ARS,MQHR,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 87 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500088 ER PT J AU Holm, D Hua, ZQ Gatenholm, P Rowell, R Denes, F AF Holm, D Hua, ZQ Gatenholm, P Rowell, R Denes, F TI Hydrophobization of paper under cyclic perfluoro-compounds-RF-plasma conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER TECHNOL,S-41296 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. UNIV WISCONSIN,ENGN RES CTR PLASMA AIDED MFG,MADISON,WI 53706. FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 89 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501092 ER PT J AU McGraw, GW Hemingway, RW Ingram, LL AF McGraw, GW Hemingway, RW Ingram, LL TI Thermal degradation of alpha-terpinene and Delta 3-carene. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOUISIANA COLL,DEPT CHEM,PINEVILLE,LA 71359. SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,FOREST PROD LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 93 EP CELL PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501096 ER PT J AU Gan, J Yates, SR AF Gan, J Yates, SR TI Environmental fate of methyl iodide: Preliminary findings. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 97 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500287 ER PT J AU LeNoir, J McConnell, L Seiber, J Woodrow, J AF LeNoir, J McConnell, L Seiber, J Woodrow, J TI Atmospheric deposition of pesticides to surface waters in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains - Summer 1996 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,AEQI,BELTSVILLE,MD. UNIV NEVADA,CTR ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,RENO,NV 89577. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT RESOURCE SCI,RENO,NV 89577. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 99 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500289 ER PT J AU Khachik, F AF Khachik, F TI Metabolism of dietary carotenoids and their potential role in prevention of cancer and age-related macular degeneration. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 101 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500102 ER PT J AU Southwick, LM Willis, GH Fouss, JL Rogers, JS Carter, CE AF Southwick, LM Willis, GH Fouss, JL Rogers, JS Carter, CE TI Water table management effect on runoff losses of soil-applied pesticides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 101 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500291 ER PT J AU Lebron Suarez, DL AF Lebron Suarez, DL TI Precipitation rate of calcite at 25 degrees C as affected by P-CO2 and organic ligands. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,SALIN LAB,USDA,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 106 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503546 ER PT J AU Pierpoint, AC Hapeman, CJ Torrents, A AF Pierpoint, AC Hapeman, CJ Torrents, A TI Kinetics and mechanism of amitraz hydrolysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ENV ENG PROG,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 107 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500297 ER PT J AU Argauer, RJ Lehotay, SJ Brown, RT AF Argauer, RJ Lehotay, SJ Brown, RT TI Determining lipophilic pyrethroids and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in fortified ground beef by ion-trap mass spectrometry after a novel extraction and rapid cleanup procedure. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 114 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500304 ER PT J AU Lee, NJ Muldoon, MT Deshpande, SS Stanker, LH AF Lee, NJ Muldoon, MT Deshpande, SS Stanker, LH TI Immunochemical approaches to the detection of sulfathiazole in animal tissues. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. IDETEK INC,SUNNYVALE,CA 94089. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 116 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500306 ER PT J AU Muldoon, MT Lee, N Deshpande, SS Stanker, LH AF Muldoon, MT Lee, N Deshpande, SS Stanker, LH TI Development of anti-hapten antibodies: Comparison of the cross-reactivities of murine polyclonal antisera versus monoclonal antibodies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. IDETEK INC,SUNNYVALE,CA 94089. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 118 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500308 ER PT J AU Holtzapple, CK Buckley, SA Stanker, LH AF Holtzapple, CK Buckley, SA Stanker, LH TI Development of monoclonal antibodies against sarafloxacin and cross-reactivity studies of related fluoroquinolones. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 119 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500309 ER PT J AU Jacks, TJ DeLucca, AJ Cleveland, TE AF Jacks, TJ DeLucca, AJ Cleveland, TE TI Conformational changes of microbicidal amphipathic polypeptides determined by circular dichroism. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 120 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500310 ER PT J AU Willett, JL Shogren, RL Lawton, JW AF Willett, JL Shogren, RL Lawton, JW TI Sorption and permeability of starch-based composites and laminates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 125 EP CELL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501130 ER PT J AU Krynitsky, AJ Johnson, WE AF Krynitsky, AJ Johnson, WE TI Determination of pesticide residues in environmental samples by electrospray LC/MS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 132 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500322 ER PT J AU Marek, LJ Koskinen, WC AF Marek, LJ Koskinen, WC TI LC-MS analysis of sulfonylurea and other polar pesticides in soil. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MINNESOTA DEPT AGR,ST PAUL,MN 55107. USDA,AGR RES SERV,ST PAUL,MN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 142 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500332 ER PT J AU Schmidt, WF Hapeman, CJ Fettinger, JC AF Schmidt, WF Hapeman, CJ Fettinger, JC TI NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic evidence for the revised alpha-endosulfan structure. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 154 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503184 ER PT J AU Warner, K AF Warner, K TI Impact of high temperature food processing on fats and oils SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,MWA,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 159 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500158 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, M TI Glycoalkaloid-cell membrane interactions: Significance for food safety and plant-host resistance. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & MOL GENET,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 163 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500162 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, M TI Dietary significance of lysinoalanine. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 175 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500174 ER PT J AU Moats, WA AF Moats, WA TI The effect of processing on veterinary drug residues in products of animal origin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 191 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18500190 ER PT J AU Manning, BA Goldberg, S AF Manning, BA Goldberg, S TI Adsorption and stability of arsenic(III) at the clay mineral-water interface. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 221 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503661 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Hapeman, CJ Chernyak, SM AF Rice, CP Hapeman, CJ Chernyak, SM TI Experimental evidence for the interconversion of endosulfan isomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20715. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 224 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503254 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ Schmidt, WF Rice, CP Bilboulian, S AF Hapeman, CJ Schmidt, WF Rice, CP Bilboulian, S TI Structural and thermodynamic considerations in the isomeric conversion of endosulfan. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 225 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503255 ER PT J AU Wang, LF Shogren, RL Willett, JL AF Wang, LF Shogren, RL Willett, JL TI Preparation of starch succinates by reactive extrusion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,MIDWEST AREA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 254 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18703570 ER PT J AU Tatarka, PD AF Tatarka, PD TI The influence of extrusion operational variables on intrinsic viscosity and expansion characteristics of starch foams. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 256 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18703572 ER PT J AU McGraw, GW Canady, CS AF McGraw, GW Canady, CS TI Thermal degradation of camphene. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOUISIANA COLL,DEPT CHEM,PINEVILLE,LA 71359. SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,FOREST PROD LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 296 EP CHED PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501442 ER PT J AU Fluck, RA Leber, PA Szczerbicki, SK Varnes, JG Cohen, JD AF Fluck, RA Leber, PA Szczerbicki, SK Varnes, JG Cohen, JD TI Investigations of a theoretical mechanism for regulating plant growth. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FRANKLIN & MARSHALL COLL,DEPT BIOL,LANCASTER,PA 17604. FRANKLIN & MARSHALL COLL,DEPT CHEM,LANCASTER,PA 17604. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 320 EP ORGN PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18701765 ER PT J AU Orts, WJ Glenn, GM AF Orts, WJ Glenn, GM TI Use of polymer flocculating agents to control agricultural soil loss SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 350 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18703666 ER PT J AU Metzger, SU Cramer, WA Whitmarsh, J AF Metzger, SU Cramer, WA Whitmarsh, J TI Critical analysis of the extinction coefficient of chloroplast cytochrome f SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Article DE cytochrome bf; heme protein; midpoint potential; pyridine-hemochrome assay ID FUNCTIONAL DIMER; MEMBRANES; COMPLEX; PURIFICATION AB In oxygenic photosynthesis the cytochrome bf complex links electron transport between photosystem II and photosystem I. The largest subunit of the complex is cytochrome f, a 32-kDa polypeptide that is anchored in the membrane by a transmembrane alpha helix located near the carboxyl end. The three-dimensional structure of the soluble domain of cytochrome f isolated from turnip has been determined by X-ray crystallography to 1.96 Angstrom resolution, The structure revealed several novel features compared to previously solved soluble c-type cytochrome structures, including a predominant p-strand motif, the N-terminal alpha-amino group of a tyrosyl residue as an orthogonal ligand, and a bound internal water chain. Here we report a novel and unprecedented extinction coefficient for cytochrome f. Using the pyridine hemochrome assay, the reduced minus oxidized extinction coefficient for the soluble domain of turnip cytochrome f was 26 +/- 1 mM(-1) for the Lu-band wavelength peak at 554 nm relative to the isosbestic wavelengths (534, 543.5 and 560.5 nm), and 25 +/- 1 mM(-1) for spinach cytochrome f relative to the isosbestic wavelengths (533.5, 543.3 and 560.2). The extinction coefficients reported here are significantly higher than previously published values for cytochrome f. We believe earlier determinations underestimated the cytochrome f extinction coefficient and that the same is likely true for commonly used extinction coefficients of cytochrome b(6). The cytochrome f extinction coefficient is large compared to most other c-type cytochromes, which could be due to the unique axial ligand of the cytochrome f heme. Polarographic measurements show the midpoint potential of soluble turnip cytochrome f to be 362 +/- 5 mV at pH 7.5. The midpoint potential was pH-independent from 5.0 to 8.5, and pH-dependent from pH 8.5 to 10.5 (-58 mV/pH unit) with a pK on the oxidized form near 9. Storage of some samples of purified turnip and spinach cytochrome f at -20 degrees C modified the heme environment in a fraction of the protein, shifting the midpoint potential to near - 165 mV (pH 7.5) and the peak of the alpha-band absorption spectrum from 554 nm to 552 nm. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,CTR BIOPHYS & COMPUTAT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. OI Metzger-Groom, Sabine/0000-0003-3783-2436 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GMS-18457] NR 31 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PD APR 11 PY 1997 VL 1319 IS 2-3 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1016/S0005-2728(96)00164-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WU663 UT WOS:A1997WU66300010 PM 9131046 ER PT J AU Stankowski, LF SanSebastian, JR Sterner, RT AF Stankowski, LF SanSebastian, JR Sterner, RT TI 3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride: In vitro mutagenicity studies for human health hazards determinations SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORIBOSYL TRANSFERASE LOCUS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; CHO-HGPRT SYSTEM; QUANTITATIVE ASSAY; MUTATION-INDUCTION AB 3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPT-HCl) is an aniline derivative used in the manufacture of the dye palatine fast yellow; it is also registered as a selective, low-volume-use (<45 kg/yr) avicide. Three in vitro mutagenicity tests of CPT-HCl were performed according to methods recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): the Ames/Salmonella assay, the Chinese hamster ovary/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (CHO/HPRT) mammalian cell forward gene mutation assay, and the CHO chromosome aberration assay. CPT-HCl did not display mutagenic activity using the Ames/Salmonella or CHO/HPRT assays. However, CPT-HCl induced statistically significant, concentration-dependent, metabolically activated increases in the proportion of aberrant cells and aberrations/cell in cultured CHO cells. Results are suggestive of minimal mutagenicity effects associated with exposure to anilines and their derivatives. C1 USDA,APHIS,ADC,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. PHARMAKON RES INT INC,WAVERLY,PA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD APR 11 PY 1997 VL 50 IS 5 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.1080/00984109708984001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA WW590 UT WOS:A1997WW59000003 PM 9140464 ER PT J AU Hoy, JB Porter, SD Koehler, PG AF Hoy, JB Porter, SD Koehler, PG TI A microcomputer-based activity meter for multiple animals SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE video image analysis; locomotor activity; open field behavior; computer motion analysis ID CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; COCKROACH AB We describe and validate a computer-video system that records and displays in real-rime rbe activity of multiple specimens in a user-defined space, at user-defined intervals. The computer program uses image subtraction algorithms to record changes in video images, and stores observations in column format or as a series of 2-D matrices. The program was tested under various lighting conditions, backgrounds, specimen size and specimen speed. An AV model of Macintosh computer with video input from a camera or video cassette recorder was used to record and analyze the mechanical movement of spots on a turntable and the locomotor activity of an ant colony. The limitations and potential applications of the program are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS,CMAVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP Hoy, JB (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD APR 4 PY 1997 VL 72 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0165-0270(96)02201-7 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA WW940 UT WOS:A1997WW94000009 PM 9133583 ER PT J AU Doebley, J Stec, A Hubbard, L AF Doebley, J Stec, A Hubbard, L TI The evolution of apical dominance in maize SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TEOSINTE AB The domestication of crop plants has often involved an increase in apical dominance (the concentration of resources in the main stem of the plant and a corresponding suppression of axillary branches)(1). A striking example of this phenomenon is seen in maize (Zea mays spp. mays), which exhibits a profound increase in apical dominance compared with its probable wild ancestor, teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis)(2). Previous research has identified the teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene as a major contributor to this evolutionary change in maize(3). We have cloned tb1 by transposon tagging and show here that it encodes a protein with homology to the cycloidea gene of snapdragon(4). The pattern of tb1 expression and the morphology of tb1 mutant plants suggest that tb1 acts both to repress the growth of axillary organs and to enable the formation of female inflorescences. The maize allele of tb1 is expressed at twice the level of the teosinte allele, suggesting that gene regulatory changes underlie the evolutionary divergence of maize from teosinte. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Doebley, J (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 14 TC 677 Z9 747 U1 9 U2 119 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 3 PY 1997 VL 386 IS 6624 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1038/386485a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WR256 UT WOS:A1997WR25600049 PM 9087405 ER PT J AU Alaimo, MH Kumosinski, TF AF Alaimo, MH Kumosinski, TF TI Investigation of hydrophobic interactions in colloidal and biological systems by molecular dynamics simulations and NMR spectroscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLY-L-LYSINE; LONG-RANGE; ATTRACTIVE FORCES; CROSS-RELAXATION; AEROSOL OT; SURFACES; WATER AB Interactions of hydrophobic molecular domains determine many of the functional properties of food proteins and colloidal food aggregates, such as emulsification, gelation, and foaming ability. A molecular basis for macromolecular interactions and conformational stability is established through investigation of simple model systems. Molecular modeling and dynamics simulations have been used to study the role of hydrophobic interaction forces in driving the formation of model amphiphile aggregate systems. An approximation to hydrophobic attraction between hydrocarbon tails was required to achieve stable, dynamic aggregate models for Aerosol-OT (AOT)/water/oil microemulsions, micelles of AOT in water, and a stacked AOT/para-chlorophenol gel in either CCl4 or benzene. One- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic methods have been used to characterize the pH and temperature dependent conformational changes in the model poly-peptide poly(L-lysine). Changes in proton chemical shifts and line widths indicate that the backbone mobility of poly(L-lysine) is not greatly diminished by the coil-helix transition. ROESY and transverse-ROESY couplings, as well as T-1 and T-2 relaxation measurements, suggest that lysyl side chain mobility remains largely unrestricted upon formation of periodic secondary structure. Molecular dynamics simulations of poly(L-lysine) conformers substantiate the importance of hydrophobic side chain domains in stabilizing secondary structural features in aqueous solution. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 2 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 7 BP 2007 EP 2018 DI 10.1021/la961070f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA WR590 UT WOS:A1997WR59000024 ER PT J AU Schelde, K Kelliher, FM Massman, WJ Jensen, KH AF Schelde, K Kelliher, FM Massman, WJ Jensen, KH TI Estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes from a temperate broad-leaved forest using the Simple Biosphere (SiB) model SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sensible heat fluxes; latent heat fluxes; temperate broad-leaved forest; Simple Biosphere Model ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; XYLEM SAP FLOW; LAND-SURFACE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PLANT CANOPIES; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION; CLIMATE; TRANSPIRATION AB Sensible (H) and latent heat (lambda E) flux densities from a well-watered, broad-leaved forest of Nothofagus trees were estimated using the simple biosphere (SiB) model. Model inputs included micrometeorological measurements made at a reference height (36m) just above the canopy and site parameters such as the tree canopy leaf area index of seven. Half-hourly diurnal courses of modelled H and lambda E were generally in good agreement with eddy covariance flux measurements (+/- 30Wm(-2) on average) over six late-summer days of variable weather conditions. The most important model variables determining these fluxes were the bulk leaf boundary-layer resistance (r(b)), proportional to leaf size, for H and canopy (stomatal) resistance (r(c)), regulated by radiation interception and air saturation deficit, for lambda E. Recent developments in the modelling of r(c) for different vegetation types are discussed. Maximum daily ground (forest floor) evaporation rate (E-g) was 0.5 mmday(-1), accounting for up to 20% of forest evaporation. Initial model estimates of E-g in the forest were nearly 50% less than those of lysimeter measurements. However, agreement between measured and modelled E-g was only about +/- 0.05 mm day(-1) after reduction of the trunk space eddy diffusive resistance (r(d)) based on a comparison with other values in the literature. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 TECH UNIV DENMARK,INST HYDRODYNAM & HYDRAUL ENGN,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. MANAAKI WHENUA LANDCARE RES,LINCOLN,NE. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RI Schelde, Kirsten/D-6868-2014; Jensen, Karsten/E-3469-2015 OI Jensen, Karsten/0000-0003-4020-0050 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 84 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02357-X PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XH211 UT WOS:A1997XH21100008 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Bai, Q AF Sinclair, TR Bai, Q TI Analysis of high wheat yields in Northwest China SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; TEMPERATURE AB Grain yields of over 14 Mg ha(-1) were reported in 1978 for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in Northwest China. Understanding the circumstances under which this record yield was achieved may be useful in defining the key factors that lead to high grain yields and in determining the limits to wheat yield. A relatively simple, mechanistic model was used in an effort to simulate the record yield. The model was used as a framework in which various crop traits could be adjusted to match the observed crop growth. The weather that was characterized by cool temperatures and high levels of solar radiation, proved to be especially important in allowing a full-season crop to achieve record yields. Variables defining plant development in the model also had to be set to describe the high yielding cultivar grown in China. Leaf development was defined by the length of a phyllochron, which was set equal to 78 TU (thermal units, base temperature equal to 0 degrees C) based on independent data. The description of grain fill had to be defined to match simulation results with the observations. Two variables, length of the grain-fill period and the grain growth rate, were set in response to the unique traits of this cultivar and the low temperatures during grain development. These simulations led to important suggestions for examining the interaction between cool temperature regimes and developmental traits of wheat cultivars. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CHINESE ACAD SCI,NW PLATEAU INST BIOL,XINING 810001,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,IFAS BLDG 164,POB 110840,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD APR PY 1997 VL 53 IS 4 BP 373 EP 385 DI 10.1016/S0308-521X(96)00048-0 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA WG237 UT WOS:A1997WG23700003 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE AF Meyer, SE TI Ecological correlates of achene mass variation in Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Asteraceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE adaptive radiation, Asteraceae; Chrysothamnus nauseosus; composite shrub; edaphic endemism; rubber rabbitbrush; seed dispersal; seed size ID SEED SIZE; WEIGHT; DISPERSAL; PLANTS; ESTABLISHMENT; COMPOSITAE; GROWTH AB Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Asteraceae) is a complex polymorphic shrub species widely distributed in western North America. In a study of 86 populations belonging to 15 subspecies, achene mass varied among populations over a sevenfold range. Achene mass was closely correlated with capitulum size at the subspecies level, varied little between wild-growing and common-garden-grown members of a population, and was under strong genetic control. Subspecies with the heaviest achenes are restricted to specialized edaphic environments (dunes and badlands) or late seral montane riparian communities, while subspecies that are widely distributed and that occur in early seral habitats have less heavy achenes. Selection on achene mass has apparently been a notable feature of the adaptive radiation of Chrysothamnus nauseosus into the wide array of habitats it currently occupies. Within a wild population, achene mass was greater for plants fruiting in midautumn than for plants fruiting early or late in the autumn, and this same trend was observed within individual plants in garden populations, indicating environmental control, perhaps through resource limitation. Highly significant between-plant differences in achene mass were found in both wild and garden populations, suggesting that within-population genetic variation is sufficient to permit continuing selection. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), USDA,INTERMT RES STN,FOREST SERV,SHRUB SCI LAB,735 N 500 E,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 1997 VL 84 IS 4 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.2307/2446023 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WV340 UT WOS:A1997WV34000006 PM 21708600 ER PT J AU Cleveland, LE Cook, DA KrebsSmith, SM Friday, J AF Cleveland, LE Cook, DA KrebsSmith, SM Friday, J TI Method for assessing food intakes in terms of servings based on food guidance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of a Symposium / 2nd International Conference on Dietary Assessment Methods CY JAN 22-24, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA DE food guide pyramid; food intakes; servings; Healthy People 2000; dietary assessment methods; grain; vegetable; meat; dairy; fruit; survey; CSFII; Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals ID UNITED-STATES; NHANES-II; PRINCIPLES; DIET AB We describe a method for comparing food intakes reported in surveys with recommendations given in the US Department of Agriculture's food guide pyramid. Such comparison was previously difficult because many foods are eaten as mixtures that cannot be categorized into pyramid food groups and because food intake data and food recommendations are expressed in different units of measurement. We developed a recipe file showing ingredients at multiple levels of breakdown and used it to disaggregate food mixtures into their ingredients so that they could be placed into pyramid food groups. Food-specific weights consistent with the pyramid definitions for serving sizes were derived from the food code book of the 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and used to develop a serving-weight file. Data collected from 8181 adults aged greater than or equal to 20 y in the survey were used to estimate the mean number of servings from pyramid food groups and percentages of the population meeting pyramid recommendations. The mean numbers of servings were close to the minimum recommendations fur the grain, vegetable, and meat groups and well below the minimum recommendations for the fruit and dairy groups. Large proportions of adults (43-72%) failed to meet the dietary recommendations. Our method has several nutrition monitoring and nutrition education applications. C1 USDA ARS, RIVERDALE, MD USA. NCI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 31 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1254 EP 1263 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600029 ER PT J AU KrebsSmith, SM Cleveland, LE BallardBarbash, R Cook, DA Kahle, LL AF KrebsSmith, SM Cleveland, LE BallardBarbash, R Cook, DA Kahle, LL TI Characterizing food intake patterns of American adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of a Symposium / 2nd International Conference on Dietary Assessment Methods CY JAN 22-24, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA DE food patterns; diet surveys; dietary behaviors; fruit; vegetables; grains; food guide pyramid; adult; Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals; food group ID DIETARY AB Food-pattern analysis provides a way to examine diets in a multidimensional context. This study examined the diets of 8181 adults in the 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and evaluated whether they met the federal recommendations for each of five food groups. The sample was partitioned among 32 different food-intake patterns, six of which represented 44% of the population. Nutrient profiles associated with each of the patterns indicated that failure to meet one or more of the food-group recommendations was associated with nutrient inadequacy, macronutrient imbalance, or both. A reexamination of the data to account for low energy reporters did not alter these findings. The pattern of meeting all five of the food-group recommendations was among the least common, accounting for only 1% of adults' intakes. C1 USDA, RIVERDALE, MD USA. NCI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. INFORMAT MANAGEMENT SERV INC, SILVER SPRING, MD USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1264 EP 1268 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600030 ER PT J AU Kretsch, MJ Fong, AKH Green, MW AF Kretsch, MJ Fong, AKH Green, MW TI Correlates of overreporting and underreporting of energy intake in healthy normal-height and obese women using estimated food records SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE energy intake; physiologic characteristics; behavioral characteristics; cognitive performance test; food record; activity record; obesity C1 USDA ARS, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. BBSRC, INST FOOD RES, READING LAB, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1304 EP 1305 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600066 ER PT J AU Guenther, PM DeMaio, TJ Ingwersen, LA Berlin, M AF Guenther, PM DeMaio, TJ Ingwersen, LA Berlin, M TI The multiple-pass approach for the 24-h recall in the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994-1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals; interview; dietary recall C1 WESTAT CORP, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. USDA ARS, HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. US BUR CENSUS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1316 EP 1316 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600102 ER PT J AU Riggs, KM Tucker, K AF Riggs, KM Tucker, K TI Identifying consistent patterns of frequency reporting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE estimates; cognition; computer; frequency; underestimation; food-frequency questionnaire C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1317 EP 1317 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600105 ER PT J AU Tucker, K Schaetzel, T Maras, J AF Tucker, K Schaetzel, T Maras, J TI Adapting a food-frequency questionnaire for use with Puerto Rican and non-Hispanic adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE minority group; Puerto Rico; Hispanics; food-frequency questionnaire; portion size; macronutrient intake; micronutrient intake C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1325 EP 1325 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600127 ER PT J AU Nusser, SM Guenther, PM AF Nusser, SM Guenther, PM TI Estimating distributions of usual food intake SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE usual intake; distribution; estimation; food consumption survey C1 IOWA STATE UNIV, DEPT STAT, AMES, IA 50011 USA. HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV, AGR RES SERV, USDA, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1330 EP 1330 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600139 ER PT J AU Andrews, KW Cutrufelli, R Exler, J Matthews, RH AF Andrews, KW Cutrufelli, R Exler, J Matthews, RH TI Quality assurance of analytic contract data for US Department of Agriculture food-composition databases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE food-composition database; contractor; Human Nutrition Information Service; nutrient data C1 AGR RES SERV, USDA, HYATTSVILLE, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1331 EP 1331 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600142 ER PT J AU Exler, J AF Exler, J TI Data-evaluation criteria for assessment of analytic data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE nutrient data bank; food composition; quality assurance; Human Nutrition Information Service C1 AGR RES SERV, DATA RES BRANCH, HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV, USDA, HYATTSVILLE, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1333 EP 1333 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600147 ER PT J AU Gebhart, SE AF Gebhart, SE TI Derivation codes to identify sources of nonanalytic nutrient data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE food code; nutrient data C1 AGR RES SERV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV, HYATTSVILLE, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1333 EP 1333 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600149 ER PT J AU Haytowitz, DB AF Haytowitz, DB TI Use of food-consumption data in setting priorities for nutrient analyses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Nutrient Data Research Branch; database; food-consumption data; component C1 AGR RES SERV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV, HYATTSVILLE, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1333 EP 1334 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600150 ER PT J AU Holden, JM AF Holden, JM TI Evolution of data-quality evaluation systems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE food composition; selenium; copper; carotenoids; Internet C1 AGR RES SERV, FOOD COMPOSIT LAB, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1334 EP 1334 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600151 ER PT J AU Jensen, HH Carriquiry, AL Gunther, PM Parise, G AF Jensen, HH Carriquiry, AL Gunther, PM Parise, G TI Assessing dietary intake among subpopulations: Methods and comparisons for the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE dietary intake; subpopulation; Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals C1 IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA 50011 USA. HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV, USDA, HYATTSVILLE, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1339 EP 1340 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600167 ER PT J AU Riddick, HA AF Riddick, HA TI Relation between underreporting of food energy in a 24-h recall and the reporting of foods and nutrients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals; underreporting; energy intake; energy requirement; physical activity C1 AGR RES SERV, USDA, HYATTSVILLE, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1342 EP 1342 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600176 ER PT J AU Sokoll, L Booth, S Tucker, K DawsonHughes, B Sadowski, J AF Sokoll, L Booth, S Tucker, K DawsonHughes, B Sadowski, J TI Assessment of phylloquinone (vitamin K-1) intake in postmenopausal women: Validation of 3-d food records with use of plasma concentrations of phylloquinone SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE vitamin K; phylloquinone; food record; postmenopausal women; food code; intake C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1351 EP 1352 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600199 ER PT J AU Dodd, KW Wilcox, AJ Carriquiry, AL AF Dodd, KW Wilcox, AJ Carriquiry, AL TI Software implementation of the Iowa State University method for estimating usual-intake distributions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE statistics; software; adjustment; transformation; usual intake; distribution C1 AGR RES SERV, USDA, HYATTSVILLE, MD USA. IOWA STATE UNIV, STAT LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1358 EP 1358 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600216 ER PT J AU Guthrie, JF Fulton, LH AF Guthrie, JF Fulton, LH TI Relation between knowledge of recommendations for food-group servings and reported consumption SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE food guide; serving; Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals; Diet and Health Knowledge Survey; food group; knowledge C1 AGR RES SERV, USDA, HYATTSVILLE, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 4 SU S BP 1359 EP 1359 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR606 UT WOS:A1997WR60600221 ER PT J AU Klir, JJ Shahbazian, LM Matteri, RL Fritsche, KL Becker, BA AF Klir, JJ Shahbazian, LM Matteri, RL Fritsche, KL Becker, BA TI Effects of thermal environment on response to acute peripheral lipopolysaccharide challenge exposure in neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FACTOR-ALPHA; HYPOTHALAMIC INTERLEUKIN-6; EXPERIMENTAL ENDOTOXEMIA; RECURRENT ENDOTOXEMIA; CYTO-TOXICITY; FAT LEVELS; HYPERTHERMIA; EXPRESSION; CACHECTIN AB Objective-To evaluate effects of thermal environment on response to acute peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge exposure in neonatal pigs. Animals-26 neonatal pigs. Procedure-Pigs were assigned to the following treatment groups: 1 warm environment/LPS; 2 warm environment/saline solution; 3 cool environment/LPS; and 4 cool environment/saline solution. For each pig given LPS, 1 littermate of the same sex was given saline solution. Sows with baby pigs were housed in a warm (32 C) or cool (21 C) thermal environment. At 28 days of age, pigs were given 150 mu g/kg of body weight of Escherichia coli IFS or saline solution intraperitoneally as a control. Rectal temperature and signs of sickness were monitored for 3 hours after LPS administration, when pigs were euthanatized and blood samples were collected to determine serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and cortisol. To determine in vitro production of TNF alpha, alveolar macrophages were collected by tracheal lavage and incubated for 24 hours at 37 or 41 C, with or without LPS (10 mu g/ml). Results-Thermal environment had a significant (P = 0.0004) effect on rectal temperature; LPS administration induced a febrile response (P = 0.0007) only in pigs in the warm environment. All LPS-injected pigs developed signs of endotoxemia; serum TNF alpha and cortisol concentrations were significantly increased (TNF alpha, P = 0.003; cortisol, P = 0.0001); there was no significant in vivo thermal effect on serum TNF alpha and cortisol concentrations. LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages produced significantly less (P 0.0086) TNF alpha when incubated at 41 C. Conclusions-Thermal environment can have a significant impact on the response of neonatal pigs exposed to bacterial endotoxins. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT ANIM SCI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RP Klir, JJ (reprint author), AGR RES SERV, ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT, USDA, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 58 IS 4 BP 364 EP 369 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WT576 UT WOS:A1997WT57600020 PM 9099380 ER PT J AU Williams, JC Stuedemann, JA Bairden, K Kerboeuf, D Ciordia, H Hubert, J Broussard, SD Plue, RE AlvaValdes, R Baggott, DG Pinkall, N Eagleson, JS AF Williams, JC Stuedemann, JA Bairden, K Kerboeuf, D Ciordia, H Hubert, J Broussard, SD Plue, RE AlvaValdes, R Baggott, DG Pinkall, N Eagleson, JS TI Efficacy of a pour-on formulation of eprinomectin (MK-397) against nematode parasites of cattle, with emphasis on inhibited early fourth-stage larvae of Ostertagia spp SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOUISIANA; BOVINE AB Objective-To evaluate efficacy of topically applied eprinomectin against inhibited early fourth-stage larvae (IL(4)) of Ostertagia spp in carves. Animals-4 groups (n = 6 [replicates]) for dose titration; 2 groups (n = 8 calves [replicates]) for dose confirmation. Procedure-2 dose titration studies-0, 125, 250, and 500 mu g of eprinomectin/kg of body weight-Louisiana and Georgia-and 2 dose confirmation studies of selected therapeutic dosage (500 mu g/kg) in Scotland and France. Monitor calves were used to determine inhibition percentage of Ostertagia IL(4). Test calves were ranked by weight in replicates of 4 (titration trials) or 2 (confirmation trials) animals each, and within replicates, were randomly allocated to treatment groups. Drug treatments were done on day 0, and animals were euthanatized by replicate, with holding time between treatment and euthanasia varying among trials from 14 to 27 days. Results-Observations indicated high efficacy (> 99%) of 500 mu g of eprinomectin/kg in removal of Ostertagia IL(4). Ostertagia and Cooperia were only genera common across sites, with efficacy of aforementioned dosage against adult and larval stages of both genera consistently high (> 99%). Results of 1 or both titration studies (500 mu g/kg) indicated > 99 to 100% efficacy against adult Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axel, T colubriformis, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Dictyocaulus viviparus, and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Lower efficacy values were observed at minimal (125 mu g/kg) dosage. In France, 500 mu g/kg was 85% effective against Trichostrongylus spp adults; however, numbers of control calves infected with Trichostrongylus spp and degree of infection were low. Adverse reactions were not evident. Conclusion-Eprinomectin given topically (500 mu g) was highly effective against Ostertagia IL(4) and other common nematodes of cattle. C1 ARS,USDA,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. CATTLE PARASITE RES LAB,GEORGIA AGR EXPT STN,EXPERIMENT,GA 30212. UNIV GLASGOW,SCH VET,GLASGOW G61 1QH,LANARK,SCOTLAND. INRA,PATHOL AVIAIRE & PARASITOL STN,UNITE HELMINTHOL,F-37380 NOUZILLY,FRANCE. MERCK & CO INC,RAHWAY,NJ 07065. RP Williams, JC (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT VET SCI,CTR AGR,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 58 IS 4 BP 379 EP 383 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WT576 UT WOS:A1997WT57600023 PM 9099383 ER PT J AU Okimoto, R Cheng, HH Dodgson, JB AF Okimoto, R Cheng, HH Dodgson, JB TI Characterization of CR1 repeat random PCR markers for mapping the chicken genome SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE chicken repeat 1; CR1-PCR; genetic polymorphisms; genome mapping; repetitive element; sequence-tagged site ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; REPETITIVE ELEMENT; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; DNA; SEQUENCE; POLYMORPHISMS; AMPLIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; BACKCROSS; ALLELES AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers complementary to portions of the chicken repetitive element CR1 have been used previously to generate useful markers on the chicken genome linkage map. To understand better the genetic basis for this technique and to convert CR1-PCR loci to markers useful in physical genome mapping, five polymorphic CR1-PCR-generated DNAs were cloned and partially sequenced. Inverse PCR was then employed to clone the corresponding region of the genomes of both the Jungle Fowl (JF) and White Leghorn (WL) parental DNA templates. Our results demonstrate that some of the CR1-PCR-generated DNAs arise from priming at an endogenous CR1 element, whereas others are due to chance complementarity between the CR1-PCR primer in use and random annealing sites in the genome, unrelated to a demonstrable CR1 element. In all five instances, it was possible to identify the sequence difference between the JF and WL parental DNAs that gave rise to the initial poly morphism and design allele-specific PCR primer sets that uniquely detect that polymorphism. In four of the five instances, the polymorphism was a one or two basepair sequence difference within the primer annealing site, but in the fifth case the responsible difference was outside, but very close to, the annealing site. In all instances the allele-specific PCR for the sequence polymorphism mapped identically with the corresponding CRI-PCR amplification polymorphism. We conclude that CR1-PCR provides an efficient and reliable mechanism for genome mapping in avians that can correlate linkage and physical mapping approaches. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1997.00103.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA WZ092 UT WOS:A1997WZ09200010 PM 9172312 ER PT J AU Stewart, SI Vogt, CA AF Stewart, SI Vogt, CA TI Multi-destination trip patterns SO ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV,TEMPE,AZ 85287. RP Stewart, SI (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,845 CHICAGO AVE,SUITE 225,EVANSTON,IL 60202, USA. NR 4 TC 21 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-7383 J9 ANN TOURISM RES JI Ann. Touris. Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 458 EP 461 DI 10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80017-5 PG 4 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA WL808 UT WOS:A1997WL80800017 ER PT J AU Shuman, D Weaver, DK Mankin, RW AF Shuman, D Weaver, DK Mankin, RW TI Quantifying larval infestation with an acoustical sensor array and cluster analysis of cross-correlation outputs SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium of the National-Center-for-Physical-Acoustics on Insect Acoustics CY SEP 06-07, 1995 CL OXFORD, MS SP Natl Ctr Phys Acoust DE insect detection; stored-grain; sample inspection ID STORED WHEAT; POPULATIONS; COLEOPTERA; GRAIN; TENEBRIONIDAE; BOSTRICHIDAE; KERNELS AB An automated, computer-based system was designed to quantify, infestation of internally feeding larvae in a grain sample by obtaining data correlated with the location of sound sources, Information related to the relative arrival times of insect feeding sounds to an army of acoustic sensors is obtained despite the low signal to noise unties and the differential distortion induced by sound propagation through the non-uniform grain medium to the different sensors. This is achieved by employing parallel acquisition of all sensor outputs and cross-correlation analyses of all adjacent sensor pairs in the vicinity of the sensor with the largest signal. The peak location times of the resulting cross-correlograms cluster together for multiple sounds produced by the same insect but otherwise ave more broadly distributed. A cluster analysis algorithm was developed to group sounds with similar 'fingerprints' (i.e. patterns of peak locations across several cross-correlograms). Each sufficiently large group of matching sounds indicates the presence of an insect. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Shuman, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,1700 SW 23 DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD APR PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 279 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0003-682X(96)00040-0 PG 18 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA XH118 UT WOS:A1997XH11800003 ER PT J AU Weaver, DK Shuman, D Mankin, RW AF Weaver, DK Shuman, D Mankin, RW TI Optimizing and assessing the performance of an algorithm that cross-correlates acquired acoustic emissions from internally feeding larvae to count infested wheat kernels in grain samples SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium of the National-Center-for-Physical-Acoustics on Insect Acoustics CY SEP 06-07, 1995 CL OXFORD, MS SP Natl Ctr Phys Acoust DE quantitation; algorithm; hidden larvae; grain samples; inspection AB An algorithm was developed with optimizable parameters to match sounds from individual insects in grain by cross-correlating signals from an acoustic sensor array. The algorithm was optimized in a series of trials conducted in the sample chamber of an Acoustic Location 'Fingerprinting' Insect Detector (ALFID). The sample chamber was filled with uninfested wheat, except for a single kernel, which was infested with an immature rice weevil. This kernel was placed at a known location in the sample chamber. With analysis parameters optimized, the algorithm successfully detected the single insect in 100% of the trials, The algorithm's capability to count multiple insects was assessed by combining signals in data files collected from single insects into a set that represented sounds from a pair of insects, In these analyses, the algorithm correctly detected the two insects in 100% of combinations three sensor spacings apart, 100% of combinations two sensor spacings apart, and 70% of combinations one sensor spacing apart. Based on these results and the dimensions of the ALFID sampling chamber, the algorithm has a 90% probability of identifying two randomly located insects producing sounds in a wheat sample. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Weaver, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,1700 SW 23RD DR,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD APR PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0003-682X(96)00039-4 PG 12 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA XH118 UT WOS:A1997XH11800004 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW Sun, JS Shuman, D Weaver, DK AF Mankin, RW Sun, JS Shuman, D Weaver, DK TI Shielding against noise interfering with quantitation of insect infestations by acoustic detection systems in grain elevators SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium of the National-Center-for-Physical-Acoustics on Insect Acoustics CY SEP 06-07, 1995 CL OXFORD, MS SP Natl Ctr Phys Acoust DE insects; grain; noise; detection ID STORED-GRAIN; KERNELS AB Acoustic devices used to detect hidden insect infestations must be shielded from noise in most practical applications. One device developed specifically for use in a noisy environment, the Acoustic Location 'Fingerprinting' Insect Detector (ALFID), counts the numbers of insects present in grain samples from shipments being graded for export at commercial grain elevators. This report considers the performance of ALFID's noise-shielding components, which include an enclosure for passive reduction of ambient noise, and an electronic system for active detection and masking of sounds originating outside the grain sample container. Sound pressure levels (SPLs) of ambient noise are reduced inside the enclosure by 60-90 dB at frequencies between 1 and 10 kHz, with a reduction of similar to 6.5 dB per octave (frequency doubling). The active noise-masking system protects ALFID from loud ambient sounds not sufficiently attenuated by the enclosure. If the output from one of four sensors mounted on the outside of the grain sample container rises above a preset amplitude threshold, a signal is triggered that inhibits acquisition of insect sound data from sensors inside the container. In tests of the complete ALFID system at a grain elevator with ambient noise of 73 +/- 10 dB re 20 mu Pa SPL, the mean rate of noise-mask triggering was 5.5 s(-1), inhibiting acquisition of insect sounds for only 3.9% of the total testing period. This level of performance is sufficient to enable successful operation of ALFID under such noise conditions. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD APR PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 309 EP 323 DI 10.1016/S0003-682X(96)00038-2 PG 15 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA XH118 UT WOS:A1997XH11800005 ER PT J AU Spangler, HG Sprenkle, DJ AF Spangler, HG Sprenkle, DJ TI An instrument for quantifying honey bee defensiveness SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium of the National-Center-for-Physical-Acoustics on Insect Acoustics CY SEP 06-07, 1995 CL OXFORD, MS SP Natl Ctr Phys Acoust DE Apis mellifera; honey bee; honey bee defensive behavior AB A new instrument for evaluating the characteristics of honey bee stinging attacks has been developed. The new instrument includes a new, hollow target device that utilizes the sound created when it is made to ring at its natural frequency. In operation, bees strike the shell of the target while attempting to sting it, causing the target to ring at its natural frequency. This sound is detected by a microphone placed inside the target and an electric signal is sent to the instrument. There each strike by a bee is counted during a defined interval. The total is stored in memory and the next interval is immediately counted When the stored data are downloaded into a computer the temporal patterns of bee attack can be studied. Initial studies suggest that when a colony of bees is stimulated to attack several times, each subsequent attack becomes more intense. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Spangler, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD APR PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S0003-682X(96)00037-0 PG 8 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA XH118 UT WOS:A1997XH11800006 ER PT J AU Yu, JJ Chang, PK Cary, JW Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Yu, JJ Chang, PK Cary, JW Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE TI avnA, a gene encoding a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, is involved in the conversion of averantin to averufin in aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORSOLORINIC ACID; EXPRESSION; CLONING; SEQUENCE; PATHWAY; FLAVUS; CDNA; METHYLTRANSFERASE; FORMS; AFLR AB Recent studies have shown that at least 17 genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway are clustered within a 75-kb DNA fragment in the genome of Aspergillus parasiticus. Several additional transcripts have also been mapped to this gene cluster, A gene, avnA (previously named ord-l), corresponding to one of the two transcripts identified earlier between the ver-1 and omtA genes on the gene cluster was sequenced, The nucleotide sequence of the avnA gene contains a coding region for a protein of 495 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 56.3 kDa, The gene consists of three exons and two introns, Disruption of the avnA gene in the wild-type aflatoxigenic A, parasiticus strain (SU1-N3) resulted in a nonaflatoxigenic mutant which accumulated a bright yellow pigment, Thin-layer chromatographic studies with six different solvent systems showed that the migration patterns of the accumulated metabolite were identical to those of averantin, a known aflatoxin precursor. Precursor feeding studies with this mutant showed that norsolorinic acid and averantin were not converted to aflatoxin whereas 5'-hydroxyaverantin averufanin, averufin, versicolorin A, sterigmatocystin, and O-methylsterigmatocystin were converted to aflatoxins, Southern blot analysis of the wild-type strain and avnA-disrupted mutant strain indicated that the avnA gene was disrupted in the mutant strain. A search of the GenBank database for similarity indicated that the avnA gene encodes a cytochrome P-450-type monooxygenase, and it has been assigned to a new P-450 gene family named CYP60A1, We have therefore concluded that the avnA gene encodes a fungal cytochrome P-450-type enzyme which is involved in the conversion of averantin to averufin in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in A. parasiticus. C1 USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. TULANE UNIV, DEPT MOL & CELL BIOL, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. NR 52 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1349 EP 1356 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WR162 UT WOS:A1997WR16200025 PM 9097431 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Bunyard, BA Carras, MM Hatziloukas, E AF Tooley, PW Bunyard, BA Carras, MM Hatziloukas, E TI Development of PCR primers from internal transcribed spacer region 2 for detection of Phytophthora species infecting potatoes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLONED DNA PROBES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; INFESTANS; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; MITOCHONDRIAL AB We developed PCR primers and assay methods to detect and differentiate three Phytophthora species which infect potatoes and cause late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and pink rot (P. erythroseptica and P. nicotianae) diseases, Primers based on sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer region 2 of ribosomal DNA produced PCR products of 456 bp (P. infestans), 136 bp (P. erythroseptica), and 455 bp (P. nicotianae) and were used to detect the pathogens in potato leaf (P. infestans) and tuber (P. infestans, P. erythroseptica, and P. nicotianae) tissue, with a sensitivity limit of 1 to 10 pg of DNA. Leaf and tuber tissue were processed for PCR by a rapid NaOH method as well as a method based on the use of commercially available ion exchange columns, P. infestans primers and the rapid NaOB extraction method were used to detect late blight in artificially and naturally infected tubers of potato cultivar Red LaSoda, In sampling studies, P. infestans was detected by PCR from artificially infected tubers at 4 days postinoculation, before any visible symptoms were present, The PCR assay and direct tissue extraction methods provide tools which may be used to detect Phytophthora pathogens in potato seedlots and storages and thus limit the transmission and spread of new,aggressive strains of P. infestans in U.S. potato-growing regions. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 37 TC 82 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1467 EP 1475 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WR162 UT WOS:A1997WR16200042 PM 9097445 ER PT J AU GuardPetter, J Henzler, DJ Rahman, MM Carlson, RW AF GuardPetter, J Henzler, DJ Rahman, MM Carlson, RW TI On-farm monitoring of mouse-invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and a model for its association with the production of contaminated eggs SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAKS AB Mice (Mus musculus) captured in henhouses were assessed for the presence of salmonellae in spleens, Of 621 and 526 spleens cultured during the first and second years of collection, 25.0 and 17.9%, respectively, were positive for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Contaminated eggs were cultured from nine houses during the first year of sampling, and for eight of these houses, serovar Enteritidis was recovered from the spleens of mice, Rank sum statistical analysis of positive mouse spleens indicated that three overlapping bacterial populations were present, This pattern of infection was repeated when lipopolysaccharide (LPS) variants were used to infect chicks, and the worst infections were associated with isolates producing high-molecular-weight (HMW) LPS, Mouse isolates were capable of producing unprecedented amounts of HMW LPS as indicated by compositional analysis of six isolates that swarmed across 2% agar, which is a type of bacterial migration dependent upon production of HMW LPS. It is suggested that monitoring serovar Enteritidis cultured from the spleens of mice caught on farms will detect strains that are enhanced in their ability to contaminate eggs, in part because they are able to produce HMW LPS. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,USDA,LANCASTER,PA. RP GuardPetter, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 22 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1588 EP 1593 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WR162 UT WOS:A1997WR16200058 PM 9097453 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Ryan, FJ Ksander, GG AF Spencer, DF Ryan, FJ Ksander, GG TI Construction costs for some aquatic plants SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE construction cost; heat of combustion; Hydrilla; Potamogeton; propagules; tubers; turions; winter buds ID MONOECIOUS HYDRILLA; MACROPHYTES; ALLOCATION; NITROGEN; GROWTH AB Resource allocation reflects a plant's response to its environment and affects its overall growth and performance in a particular habitat. We measured ash, C, N, and caloric content for various parts of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Potamogeton nodosus Poir., P. gramineus L., and P. pectinatus L. Mean ash content of vegetative propagules ranged from 2.96 to 5.46%, lower than values previously reported for aquatic plant shoots. Potamogeton propagule C and N contents were greater than those of Hydrilla propagules. Mean propagule caloric content ranged from 3753 to 4198 cal g(-1) and construction costs from 1.00 to 1.12 g glucose g(-1). They were similar to or slightly greater than those for shoots or leaves. Construction costs for leaves of eight aquatic species averaged 1.02 g glucose g(-1). Vegetative propagules had sink strengths similar to thoseVegetative propagules had sink strengths similar to those of shoots. H. verticillata, P. pectinatus, and P. gramineus were grown in a greenhouse with different levels of N in the water column. In this experiment, P. pectinatus and H. verticillata roots had higher construction costs than shoots whereas P. gramineus did not. Only the costs for P. pectinatus shoots and roots were affected by the N level in the water column. Construction costs for aquatic plant vegetative propagules, shoots, and roots were lower than similarly calculated values published for roots, stems and leaves of terrestrial plants, in agreement with expectations based on the structural characteristics of leaves and stems of aquatic plants. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,WEED SCI PROGRAM,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD APR PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1016/S0304-3770(96)01113-8 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA WY645 UT WOS:A1997WY64500003 ER PT J AU Perkins, EJ Griffin, B Hobbs, M Gollon, J Wolford, L Schlenk, D AF Perkins, EJ Griffin, B Hobbs, M Gollon, J Wolford, L Schlenk, D TI Sexual differences in mortality and sublethal stress in channel catfish following a 10 week exposure to copper sulfate SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper toxicity; channel catfish; sexual differences; metallothionein ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; METALLOTHIONEIN; GROWTH; TOXICITY; REPRODUCTION; ACCUMULATION; VITELLOGENIN; SURVIVAL; BINDING AB Copper sulfate is regularly used in the aquaculture industry as an algicide and for the treatment of various ectoparasitic infections. In this study, male and female channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (100 fish per group) were treated for 10 weeks with three levels of copper sulfate, giving water concentrations of 220, 354, and 465 mu g Cu l(-1). Six fish were sampled at 2-week intervals and copper levels in muscle and hepatic tissue were measured. No copper accumulation was detected in muscle tissue during the exposure period, but hepatic accumulation began to occur within the first 2 weeks of treatment, with a peak at 4-6 weeks and subsequent decrease before the end of exposure. No mortality was seen in controls or at 220 mg Cu l(-1). However, lethality was seen within the first week in the 354 and 465 mu g Cu l(-1) exposures, with males being more susceptible than females. Metallothionein (MT) levels showed an increasing trend through the 6-week time point, followed by a general decrease toward control levels for the remainder of the exposure. The pattern of hepatic MT content was similar to that of hepatic copper accumulation, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.767 (P less than or equal to 0.001). Measures of whole-body weight, body length, liver weight, liver somatic index, and condition factor were recorded as indicators of sublethal stress. No substantial change was seen in any of these measures in females; however, a decreasing tendency was seen in males for body weight, body length, and condition factor. However, correlation analysis of hepatic copper with somatic measures showed a significant relationships in both sexes. When hepatic MT was compared to somatic indices, significant correlations were observed in males, but not females. The results of this study indicate an association between MT expression and sublethal stress in males as well as a potential protective mechanism other than MT in pre-spawn female channel catfish exposed to copper. C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT PHARMACOL,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. USDA ARS,STUTTGART NATL AQUACULTURE RES CTR,STUTTGART,AR 72160. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(96)00825-9 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA XC780 UT WOS:A1997XC78000005 ER PT J AU Barrow, JR Havstad, KM McCaslin, BD AF Barrow, JR Havstad, KM McCaslin, BD TI Fungal root endophytes in fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens, on arid rangelands of southwestern USA SO ARID SOIL RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE arid ecology; chytrids; land restoration; mutualism; mycorrhizae; rangeland; saprophytic fungi; symbiosis; VAM ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; TALL FESCUE; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; LOLIUM-PERENNE; GRASSES; CHENOPODIACEAE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; ASSOCIATION; NUTRITION; PLANTS AB This research was conducted to determine the nature and incidence of fungal root endophytes on fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. Root colter cells of fourwing saltbush in arid rangelands of the southwestern United States were analyzed and found to be regularly colonized with three types of endophytic fungi: septate, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), and Chytridiomycetes. Septate fungi were 2.7 times more prevalent than VAM and formed intimate non-pathogenic associations characterized by inter- and intracellular hyphae, coils, microsclerotia, and occasional labyrinthine or ''Hartig net'' structures similar to those affiliated with ectendomycorrhizae. External hyphae formed intimate associations with soil and sand particles. Typically, VAM were characterized by hyphae, vesicles, and (at times) coils. VAM were 2.2 times more prevalent than chytrids. Chytrids were rather common and were expressed as resting and active sporangia found within root cortex cells. The widespread occurrence of these non-destructive fungal associations with plants implies that they have an important role in plant survival in arid environments. RP Barrow, JR (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,DEPT 3JER,BOX 30003,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0890-3069 J9 ARID SOIL RES REHAB JI Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 177 EP 185 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA XD317 UT WOS:A1997XD31700006 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Dellaripa, P Nadeau, MR Abad, LW Muldoon, BA Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH AF Roubenoff, R Dellaripa, P Nadeau, MR Abad, LW Muldoon, BA Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH TI Abnormal homocysteine metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID LOW-DOSE METHOTREXATE; FASTING PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ASSOCIATION; CACHEXIA; INFLAMMATION; DEFICIENCY; MORTALITY; MASS; RISK AB Objective. To assess total homocysteine (tHcy) metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Assessments were performed to determine the fasting levels of tHcy and the increase in tHcy in response to methionine (Met) challenge in blood samples from 28 patients with RA and 20 healthy age-matched control subjects. Results. Fasting levels of tHcy were 33% higher in the RA patients than in the control subjects (mean +/- SD 11.7 +/- 1.5 nmoles/ml versus 8.8 +/- 1.1 nmoles/ml; P < 0.01), Four hours after Met challenge, the increase in plasma tHcy levels (Delta tHcy) was higher in the RA patients (20.9 +/- 10.4 nmoles/ml) than in the control subjects (15.5 +/- 1.6 nmoles/ml) (P < 0.02), In a subgroup analysis, the Delta tHcy in patients taking methotrexate (12.9 +/- 2.2 nmoles/ml) did not differ from that in the control group, while the Delta tHcy in patients not taking methotrexate (25.3 +/- 1.7 nmoles/ml) was significantly higher (P < 0.0001). Conclusion. Elevated tHcy levels occur commonly in patients with RA, and may explain some of the increased cardiovascular mortality seen in such patients. Studies of the prevalence and mechanism of hyperhomocysteinemia in RA are warranted. C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-07570]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-02120] NR 27 TC 122 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD APR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 4 BP 718 EP 722 DI 10.1002/art.1780400418 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA WR366 UT WOS:A1997WR36600017 PM 9125255 ER PT J AU Davis, JF McMurtry, JP VasilatosYounken, R Connolly, BM Woolcock, PR Dunn, PA AF Davis, JF McMurtry, JP VasilatosYounken, R Connolly, BM Woolcock, PR Dunn, PA TI Experimental reproduction of a spiking mortality syndrome of turkeys SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE growth hormone; insulinlike growth factor-1; arenavirus; glucose ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; GROWTH-HORMONE DEFICIENCY; BROILER BREEDER CHICKS; VIRAL-INFECTION INVIVO; DIFFERENTIATED FUNCTIONS; HYPOGLYCEMIA; PERTURBATION; ENTERITIS AB Two-day-old turkey poults were inoculated with either a chicken embryo homogenate used previously to produce spiking mortality syndrome in chickens (the ''Oakwood Agent'') or an intestine-pancreas homogenate collected from field turkeys with the syndrome known as spiking mortality of turkeys. Twelve days postinoculation, the mean plasma insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level and mean body weights were significantly depressed, and the mean plasma growth hormone level was significantly elevated, in the poults receiving the turkey-derived homogenate (P less than or equal to 0.0003), as was previously reported in chickens with spiking mortality syndrome. The depression in plasma IGF-1 levels may explain the runting seen in poults that survive spiking mortality of turkeys in the held. Following a 4-hr fast and a brief cool water spraying, poults exhibited clinical signs indistinguishable from those of chicks with spiking mortality syndrome. However, plasma glucose levels in the affected poults were within the normal range, unlike chickens with spiking mortality syndrome. Immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed intestines, ceca, and bursae produced positive staining using an arenavirus antibody in epithelial cells of poults inoculated with the turkey homogenate and those inoculated with the Oakwood Agent. Tissues of uninoculated controls were negative. Poults inoculated with the Oakwood Agent did not show noticeable disease. C1 USDA ARS,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. CALIF VET DIAGNOST LAB SYST,FRESNO,CA 93725. PENN STATE UNIV,ANIM DIAGNOST LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Davis, JF (reprint author), GEORGIA POULTRY LAB,POB 20,OAKWOOD,GA 30566, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.2307/1592177 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XF452 UT WOS:A1997XF45200002 PM 9201387 ER PT J AU Brown, JE Branton, SL May, JD AF Brown, JE Branton, SL May, JD TI Epitope diversity of F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum detected by flow cytometry SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION; SURFACE; CHICKENS AB A culture of F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (F-MG) that exhibited an epitope identified by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6F10 was used to inoculate leghorn hens in two different trials. In Trial 1, mature hens chronically infected with F-MG were swabbed at intervals from 230 to 345 days postinoculation (PI). The F-MG isolates were tested with an agar place fluorescent antibody (APFA) method that used a polyclonal antibody and with a flow cytometry (FC) technique that used MAb 6F10. Primary cultures of swabs taken at 258, 272, 293, 318, and 345 days PI were all identified as positive by APFA, whereas FC identified 23%-41% as positive. Subsequently, MAb 6B11 was found, which reacted positively with isolates negative to MAb 6F10. Both 6F10 and 6B11 were used in the second trial, which was designed to identify F-MG isolates that were negative to 6F10. In Trial 2, naive birds were inoculated with F-MG when they were 9 wk old and were sampled at six intervals from 13 to 154 days PI. The APFA method was used to identify primary isolation (PO) cultures, and FC was performed on PO cultures and the same cultures after they had been passed three times (third serial passage [P3] cultures). The APFA rest identified 100% of the PO cultures as F-MG. The FC results on PO cultures showed 34.5% as 6F10 positive and 85.1% as 6B11 positive. Results for FC on P3 cultures showed 92.3% 6F10 positive and 96.3% 6B11 positive. These results suggest that the microenvironment of the colonization site in the hen induced an epitope diversity in F-MG, as evidenced by the loss in the expression of MAb 6F10-defined epitope. Isolation of the organism from hens and propagation for several in vitro passages resulted in the re-expression of the epitope defined by MAb 6F10. RP Brown, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.2307/1592180 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XF452 UT WOS:A1997XF45200005 PM 9201390 ER PT J AU Bermudez, AJ Ledoux, DR Rottinghaus, GE Bennett, GA AF Bermudez, AJ Ledoux, DR Rottinghaus, GE Bennett, GA TI The individual and combined. Effects of the fusarium mycotoxins moniliformin and fumonisin B-1 in turkeys SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Fusarium moniliforme; fumonisin B-1; Fusarium fujikuroi; moniliformin; turkeys; mycotoxicosis ID PROLIFERATUM CULTURE MATERIAL; BROILER CHICKS; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; CORN; SUBGLUTINANS; TOXICITY; POULTS AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) and moniliformin (M) were supplied by Fusarium moniliforme M-1325 and Fusarium fujikuroi M-1214 culture material, respectively Turkeys were fed a control ration, or rations containing 200 mg FB1/kg, 100 mg M/kg, or a combination of both 200 mg FB1/kg and 100 mg M/kg feed from 1 to 21 days of age. These rations contained 0, 3.8, 1.0, and 4.8% culture material, respectively. In comparison to controls, turkeys fed FB1 had increased relative liver weights. Both aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased in poults fed FB1. Turkeys fed M had decreased feed intake and body weight gains and increased relative heart weights in comparison to controls. Poults fed FB1 had moderate diffuse hepatocellular hyperplasia and poults fed moniliformin had a loss of cardiomyocyte cross striations. Turkeys fed the ration containing both M and FB1 had al the above changes; however, no additive or synergistic effects were evident for any single parameter measured. No treatment-related morbidity or mortality was observed in the study. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,FUSARIUM POULTRY RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,COLL AGR,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 24 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 304 EP 311 DI 10.2307/1592182 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XF452 UT WOS:A1997XF45200007 PM 9201392 ER PT J AU Saif, YM Mohan, R Ward, L Senne, DA Panigrahy, B Dearth, RN AF Saif, YM Mohan, R Ward, L Senne, DA Panigrahy, B Dearth, RN TI Natural and experimental infection of turkeys with avian paramyxovirus-7 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Avian paramyxovirus-7 was isolated from a natural outbreak of respiratory tract disease in male and female commercial turkey breeder flocks. The disease spread readily between different housing complexes. The virus was isolated from affected flocks and used for experimental studies in specific-pathogen-free poults. Inoculated and contact-exposed poults developed a respiratory disease characterized by rhinitis and airsacculitis. The virus was isolated from the inoculated and contact-exposed poults, and hemagglutination inhibition antibodies were detected in exposed birds. C1 OHIO DEPT HLTH,ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,REYNOLDSBURG,OH 43068. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP Saif, YM (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,FOOD ANIM HLTH RES PROGRAM,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 3 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 326 EP 329 DI 10.2307/1592185 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XF452 UT WOS:A1997XF45200010 PM 9201395 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Perdue, ML Garcia, M RiveraCruz, E Brugh, M AF Swayne, DE Perdue, ML Garcia, M RiveraCruz, E Brugh, M TI Pathogenicity and diagnosis of H5N2 Mexican avian influenza viruses in chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; avian influenza virus; influenza; serology; virology; virulence; pathogenicity; chickens ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR-CHANGES; LAYING CHICKENS; CLEAVAGE SITE; A VIRUSES; 83 H5N2; HEMAGGLUTININ; ORIGIN; REPLICATION; EMERGENCE AB Chickens were inoculated with one of five H5N2 Mexican-origin avian influenza virus (AIV) isolates to determine their pathogenicity for chickens and to determine the ability of routine virologic and serologic tests to detect infections. In laboratory infections, three AIVs, H5/94, M5/94, and J12/94, produced sporadic illness and death and were categorized as mildly pathogenic. Q1/95 produced illness and death in all inoculated chickens and was categorized as highly lethal and highly pathogenic (HP). P11/94B commonly produced clinical illness, but deaths were infrequent. During the presence of clinical signs, oropharyngeal swabs were superior for isolation of AIV, bur cloacal swabs were more successful after disappearance of clinical signs. Agar gel precipitin (AGP) serologic test was superior for detecting AIV infection during the clinical phase, but AGP and hemagglutinin inhibition tests were equally effective in detecting infections after recovery from clinical illness. Passage of P11/94B parent stock and selected 14-day-embryo-passed AIVs in adult hens resulted in emergence of some HP AIV derivatives. The hemagglutinin of Q1/95 and P11/94B parent stock and derivative AIVs had an identical proteolytic cleavage site of....Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Arg-Lys-Thr-Arg down arrow Gly, consistent with AIVs of high pathogenicity. However, no consistent differences were identified in the sequence of the hemagglutinin gene to explain the discrepancy in lethality patterns of the P11/94B AIVs. This suggests that genes other than the hemagglutinin impact the full expression of high lethality of Mexican-origin AIV infections in chickens. C1 CAMPANA NACL CONTRA INFLUENZA AVIAT,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.2307/1592187 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XF452 UT WOS:A1997XF45200012 PM 9201397 ER PT J AU Beasley, JN Norton, RA Skeeles, JK Bayyari, GR Huff, WE AF Beasley, JN Norton, RA Skeeles, JK Bayyari, GR Huff, WE TI Histologic study of hepatic lesions in two turkey flocks SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE turkey; hepatic granuloma; Ascaridia ID LIVER AB Hepatic lesions were studied in two turkey flocks by euthanatizing 50 birds a week from the ages of 1 through 15 wk. Samples of liver that contained lesions and samples of duodenum, pancreas, ileum, and cecal tonsil were examined histologically. Lymphocytic infiltrations made up 82% and 75% of the hepatic lesions, and granulomas occurred in 18% and 25% of the livers. Nematode larvae were present in 12% and 15% of the hepatic lesions. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,AUBURN,AL 36830. UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP Beasley, JN (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.2307/1592188 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XF452 UT WOS:A1997XF45200013 PM 9201398 ER PT J AU Witter, RL Li, DS Jones, D Lee, LF Kung, HJ AF Witter, RL Li, DS Jones, D Lee, LF Kung, HJ TI Retroviral insertional mutagenesis of a herpesvirus: A Marek's disease virus mutant attenuated for oncogenicity but not for immunosuppression or in vivo replication SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; reticuloendotheliosis; attenuation; mutant; virus; virulence; insertional mutagenesis ID SERIAL INVITRO PASSAGE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS; VACCINE VIRUSES; DNA; CHICKENS; AMPLIFICATION; REPEATS; STRAINS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Our earlier studies have shown that retrovirus insertion into herpesvirus is an efficient process that engenders recombinant herpesviruses with altered biological properties. The RM1 clone is derived from the JM strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) through retrovirus insertional mutagenesis and contains sequences of reticuloendotheliosis virus inserted at the junction of the internal repeat and unique short regions of the genome. In previous studies, the RM1 clone appeared attenuated for oncogenicity but caused marked atrophy of the thymic lobes. The present studies represent. a detailed analysis of the biological characteristics of the RM1 clone in order to better understand mechanisms of oncogenicity and gene function of MDV. RM1 was almost fully attenuated for oncogenicity but retained other in vivo properties of virulent viruses such as thymic and bursal atrophy, early immunosuppression, early cytolytic infection followed by efficient replication, and contact spread-all normally absent in attenuated strains. This suggests that, for serotype 1 MDV, oncogenicity is not tightly linked with immunodepression or viral replication and that these properties may be controlled by difference genes or mechanisms. The mutation was stable through serial passage of the virus in chickens as determined by molecular analysis. None of the mutant viruses demonstrated expansion of the 132-bp repeat region of the genome, indicating that such expansion is not required for attenuation. Chickens vaccinated with RM1 crones were protected against challenge with virulent MDV, and levels of protection exceeded those of other attenuated serotype 1 vaccine viruses. Thus, attenuation by selective mutation may be an advantageous strategy for development of serotype 1 Marek's disease vaccines. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOL BIOL & MICROBIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013; Jones, Daniel/I-7399-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46613] NR 46 TC 62 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 407 EP 421 DI 10.2307/1592197 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XF452 UT WOS:A1997XF45200022 PM 9201407 ER PT J AU Ziprin, RL AF Ziprin, RL TI Heterophil response to intraperitoneal challenge with invasion-deficient Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella-immune lymphokines SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE lymphokines; cytokines; chicks; salmonellosis; invasion-deficient ID LEGHORN CHICKS; NEUTROPHILS; TYPHIMURIUM; ATTACHMENT AB The present work compared the accumulation of intraperitoneal heterophils in day-of-hatch chides following treatment with Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine (ILK) and challenge with various strains of Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Day-of-hatch chicks received ILK by intraperitoneal injection and were challenged 1 hr later by intraperitoneal inoculation with one of the following SE strains: a wild-type, SE 890034-3; a Delta cya-12 Delta crp-11 avirulent vaccine strain, chi 4357; and an invasion-deficient strain, InvA::kan, chi 4420. Four hours after challenge heterophils were recovered from the peritoneal cavity by lavage. The concentration of heterophils in the recovered lavage fluid was determined. Heterophil concentrations increased in response to challenge with each SE strain but there was a lower response to the invasion-deficient strain. The difference was statistically significant. This diminished heterophil response to challenge with invasion-deficient salmonellae supports existing evidence that the initial defensive reaction occurs at the earliest stages of the Salmonella-host interaction. RP Ziprin, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 438 EP 441 DI 10.2307/1592201 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XF452 UT WOS:A1997XF45200026 PM 9201411 ER PT J AU Grimes, JE Small, MF French, LL Sneed, LW Andersen, AA AF Grimes, JE Small, MF French, LL Sneed, LW Andersen, AA TI Chlamydiosis in captive white-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica) SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE white-winged dove; Zenaida asiatica; chlamydiosis; Chlamydia psittaci; elementary body agglutination; direct complement fixation ID PSITTACI AB Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from the spleen of a moribund white-winged dove (Zenaida asiatica). The isolate was serotyped as the serovar B that is commonly isolated from pigeons. A fourfold increase in the titer of antichlamydial IgM activity occurred in that bird in paired serum samples tested by chlamydial elementary body agglutination (EBA) and a greater than or equal to fourfold decrease of IgG occurred by direct complement fixation (DCF). The increases or decreases of EBA and DCF titers in other clinically ill birds that were treated with tetracycline varied, as normally occurs in cases of avian chlamydiosis. Titers in clinically normal birds were consistent with past infections. These birds were from a captive group of about 200 birds to be used for breeding and reproduction research. A small sample of recently caught wild birds was serologically negative for chlamydial antibody activity. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,CAESAR KLEBERG WILDLIFE RES INST,KINGSVILLE,TX 78363. TEXAS VET MED DIAGNOST LABS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77841. ANIM MED CLIN,KINGSVILLE,TX 78363. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.2307/1592215 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XF452 UT WOS:A1997XF45200040 PM 9201425 ER PT J AU Maschinski, J Kolb, TE Smith, E Phillips, B AF Maschinski, J Kolb, TE Smith, E Phillips, B TI Potential impacts of timber harvesting on a rare understory plant, Clematis hirsutissima var arizonica SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; TREE SEEDLINGS; PONDEROSA PINE; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; GROWTH; SEED AB Arizona leatherflower Clematis hirsutissiuma Pursh. var. arizonica (Heller) Erickson, a geographically rare species, is potentially threatened by timber harvest in its primary habitat. To determine the optimal conditions for reproduction and population growth and to assess the impact of canopy removal, we experimentally manipulated canopy cover by adding and reducing shade over plants growing in varying light levels. Over four years (1991-1994), we assessed reproduction, mammalian herbivory and population growth. In 1994, we also assessed bud mortality, seed quality and insect seen predation. To determine whether physiological or edaphic conditions could explain reproductive performance under varying light regimes, we also measured litter depth, relative cover, foliar gas exchange and water potential under field conditions. Results suggest that intermediate light levels (50-65% of full sun) are optimal for Clematis reproduction and population growth. At natural light levels lower than 40%, plants had significantly lower stem production, seed production, ann photosynthetic rates than plants growing in higher light levels. At light levels greater than 75%, although photosynthetic rates were significantly higher than at lower light levels, plants suffered from (I) significantly higher bud mortality; (2) significantly lower seed viability and seedling establishment; (3) significantly higher mammalian herbivory in two of the four years, (4) significantly higher exposure to competing grasses and other plant species; and (5) significantly lower mid-season water. potentials. Experimental removal of canopy cover had inconsistent impacts on Clematis reproduction. While stem and seed production decreased, seedling recruitment was greater than controls by the fourth year of the study. Conversely, experimental shading consistently and significantly increased Clematis reproduction. In comparison to all other environments, shade-addition environments had decreased bud mortality, increased seed set in 1992, and led to the greatest increases in seedling recruitment and total numbers of individuals in 1993 and 1994. Improved Clematis reproduction in shade-addition environments in comparison to naturally closed canopies was not attributable to measured physiological parameters (water potential and photosynthetic rate), but may have been the result of lower titter depth in shade-addition environments. This suggests that forest litter accumulation in closed canopies may be adversely affecting Clematis population growth. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NO ARIZONA UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011. NATURE CONSERVANCY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. US FOREST SERV,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86004. RP Maschinski, J (reprint author), ARBORETUM,POB 670,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86002, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00087-0 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WG399 UT WOS:A1997WG39900007 ER PT J AU Csuti, B Polasky, S Williams, PH Pressey, RL Camm, JD Kershaw, M Kiester, AR Downs, B Hamilton, R Huso, M Sahr, K AF Csuti, B Polasky, S Williams, PH Pressey, RL Camm, JD Kershaw, M Kiester, AR Downs, B Hamilton, R Huso, M Sahr, K TI A comparison of reserve selection algorithms using data on terrestrial vertebrates in Oregon SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID MAXIMIZE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; EFFICIENCY; NETWORKS; EXAMPLE; DESIGN AB We compare the number of species represented and the spatial pattern of reserve networks derived using five types of reserve selection algorithms on a set of vertebrate distribution data for the Stare of Oregon (USA). The algorithms compared are: richness-based heuristic algorithms (four variations), weighted rarity-based heuristic algorithms (two variations), progressive rarity-based heuristic algorithms (11 variations), simulated annealing, and a linear programming-based branch-and-bound algorithm. The linear programming algorithm provided optimal solutions to the reserve selection problem, finding either the maximum number of species for a given number of sites or the minimum number of sites needed to represent all species. Where practical, we recommend the use of linear programming algorithms for reserve network selection. However, several simple heuristic algorithms provided near-optimal solutions for these data. The near-optimality, speed and simplicity of heuristic algorithms suggests that they are acceptable alternatives for many reserve selection problems, especially when dealing with large data sets or complicated analyses. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV IDAHO,IDAHO COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,MOSCOW,ID 83844. NAT HIST MUSEUM,BIOGEOG & CONSERVAT LAB,LONDON SW7 5BD,ENGLAND. NSW NATL PK & WILDLIFE SERV,ARMIDALE,NSW 2350,AUSTRALIA. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT QUANTITAT ANAL & OPERAT MANAGEMENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. ZOOL SOC LONDON,INST ZOOL,LONDON NW1 4RT,ENGLAND. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. SO METHODIST UNIV,EDWIN L COX SCH BUSINESS,DEPT MANAGMENT INFORMAT SCI,DALLAS,TX 75275. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RI Pressey, Bob/C-8370-2013 OI Pressey, Bob/0000-0003-2740-0330 NR 46 TC 295 Z9 306 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 1 BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00068-7 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WG399 UT WOS:A1997WG39900009 ER PT J AU Condon, MA Steck, GJ AF Condon, MA Steck, GJ TI Evolution of host use in fruit flies of the genus Blepharoneura (Diptera: Tephritidae): Cryptic species on sexually dimorphic host plants SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE host specificity; allozymes; dioecy; phylogenetic analysis; neotropics; Tephritidae; Cucurbitaceae; bats ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; SYSTEMATICS; DISTANCE; TREES; CUCURBITACEAE; POPULATIONS; GURANIA; VINES AB Blepharoneura, a neotropical genus of tephritid fruit flies, includes newly discovered morphologically cryptic species that are highly host specific. Several species of fly, each specific to a different host tissue, can infest a single species of sexually dimorphic host. Using allozyme electrophoresis, we analysed morphologically similar populations of flies reared from various tissues of five species of host plant representing three subtribes of the Cucurbitaceae. In Venezuela, we found three sympatric species of Blepharoneura feeding on Gurania spinulosa Cogn. (one species on male flowers, another on female flowers, and a third on seeds). In Costa Rica, we found four non-interbreeding populations of Blepharoneura feeding on G. costaricensis Cogn.: two sympatric 'lowland' populations (one feeding on male flowers and another oil female flowers) and two sympatric 'highland' populations (also specific to flowers of different sexes). Phylogenetic analyses revealed a species-rich clade of specialists associated with flowers of the Guraniinae, and a species-poor clade of generalists associated with seeds of the Guraniinae. Specialization on male vs. female flowers appears to have occurred repeatedly. Patterns of larval dispersal may underlie differences in diversification of seed vs. flower clades: larvae that feed on seeds are dispersed by bats; lan ac Feeding on flowers are not dispersed. (C) 1997 The Linnean Society of London. C1 USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Condon, MA (reprint author), CORNELL COLL,DEPT BIOL,MT VERNON,IA 52314, USA. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 60 IS 4 BP 443 EP 466 DI 10.1006/bijl.1996.0106 PG 24 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA WY265 UT WOS:A1997WY26500002 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Ireland, JLH Good, TEM Ireland, JJ AF Guthrie, HD Ireland, JLH Good, TEM Ireland, JJ TI Expression of different molecular mass forms of inhibin in atretic and nonatretic follicles during the early luteal phase and altrenogest-synchronized follicular phase in pigs SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACIDS; GRANULOSA-CELLS; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; PREOVULATORY MATURATION; PORCINE GRANULOSA; BOVINE INHIBIN; FLUID INHIBIN; WEIGHT FORMS; ACTIVIN; ATRESIA AB This experiment characterized changes in amounts and proportions of different molecular forms of inhibin in porcine follicular fluid as related to stage of follicular development. Thirty-seven follicles (2-4 per pig) were dissected from 12 pigs during early luteal phase of the estrous cycle on Days 5, 6, and 7 of the estrous cycle, whereas 34 follicles (2-4 per pig) were dissected from 11 pigs on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of a follicular phase synchronized by altrenogest. Follicles were designated atretic if incidence of apoptotic granulosa cells was greater than or equal to 10% as determined by DNA fluorescence flow cytometry, Porcine follicular fluid was fractionated on 12% SDS-PAGE gels under non-reducing conditions and electroblotted to Immobilin P membranes. Inhibin forms were detected by immunoblot analysis using a mink anti-bovine inhibin alpha(C)(1-26)gly tyr antiserum and quantified. Immunoblots detected seven bands corresponding to inhibin forms of 44, 49, 58, 69, 121, 227, and > 227 kDa in > 91% of porcine follicular fluid samples. Three additional forms of 27, 29, and 32 kDa were detectable in only 52%, 64%, and 48% of samples,respectively. Forms greater than or equal to 69 kDa represented 83% of total inhibin immunoblot activity. The 121-kDa form was most abundant, with 39% of the total immunoblot activity in nonatretic follicles. The proportions of individual forms and total immunoblot activity pooled over days did not differ between early luteal and follicular phase follicles. Total inhibin immunoblot activity was 59% less in atretic than in nonatretic follicles. Amounts of the 44-, 49-, 69-, 121-, and 227-kDa forms were 50-80% lower (p less than or equal to 0.05) in atretic than in nonatretic follicles. Total inhibin immunoblot activity in nonatretic follicles decreased (p less than or equal to 0.05) by 60% during the early luteal phase but did not change significantly during the follicular phase. In nonatretic follicles, the 121-kDa form decreased (p < 0.05) during the early luteal and follicular phases. During the early luteal phase, amounts of the other forms did not change, whereas during the follicular phase the 44-kDa form increased (p < 0.05) 10-fold. In atretic follicles, neither amount nor proportion of inhibin forms differed among days. We conclude that follicular production and/or intracellular processing of inhibin dimer and/or inhibin alpha subunits changes during different phases of follicular development, supporting the notion of physiological roles Car these peptides. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT ANIM SCI, MOL REPROD ENDOCRINOL LAB, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RP USDA ARS, GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB, BLDG 200, BARC-E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [U54 HD29184] NR 50 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 EI 1529-7268 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD APR PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 870 EP 877 DI 10.1095/biolreprod56.4.870 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA WQ358 UT WOS:A1997WQ35800010 PM 9096867 ER PT J AU Ryan, MG Yoder, BJ AF Ryan, MG Yoder, BJ TI Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; STAND DEVELOPMENT; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; BETULA-OCCIDENTALIS; NITROGEN NUTRITION; XYLEM CAVITATION; WATER TRANSPORT; ABIES-AMABILIS; WOODY-PLANTS; FORESTS C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 49 TC 596 Z9 653 U1 18 U2 140 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 4 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.2307/1313077 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA WP627 UT WOS:A1997WP62700010 ER PT J AU Willis, GH Southwick, LM Fouss, JL Carter, CE Rogers, JS AF Willis, GH Southwick, LM Fouss, JL Carter, CE Rogers, JS TI Nitrate losses in runoff and subsurface drain effluent from controlled water-table plots SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RUNOFF; MOVEMENT; QUALITY; TRANSPORT; NUTRIENTS; RAINFALL; SOILS RP Willis, GH (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 58 IS 4 BP 566 EP 573 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WK466 UT WOS:A1997WK46600009 PM 9060374 ER PT J AU Reese, EO Barnard, JC Hanley, TA AF Reese, EO Barnard, JC Hanley, TA TI Food preference and ad libitum intake of wild-captured Sitka Mice, Peromyscus keeni sitkensis SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE sitka mouse; Peromyscus keeni sitkensis; diet choice; diet selection; voluntary intake; food habits; Alexander Archipelago; Alaska AB Food preferences of Sitka Mouse (Peromyscus keeni sitkensis) were studied in four experiments involving fruits from five major shrub species and seeds from three tree and four shrub species. Each experiment consisted of individual animals being offered mixed-species assortments of foods fed over a four-day period. Ad libitum intake trials were conducted with the same foods used in the preference experiments but with only one food per trial. Intake trials also included beetles (Seaphinotus and Pterostichus spp.) and Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis) and Stink Current (Ribes bracteosum) fruit and seeds emerged as highly preferred and valuable foods in terms of both relative preference and nd libitum intake. Devilsclub (Oplopanax horridus) and Elderberry (Sambucus racemosa) fruits were least preferred in both preference and intake, although their seeds were relatively palatable and nutritious (in terms of weight loss). Blueberry (Vaccinium ovalifolium) fruit was intermediate in both preference and intake. Tree seed palatability and intake ranked in order of Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) (highest), Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and Red Alder (Alnus rubra) (lowest). Ad libitum intake of beetles was low, and that of Pink Salmon was near zero. These results should be helpful in interpreting diet composition studies of Sitka Mouse throughout its range and possibly other Peromyscus species in wet coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,JUNEAU,AK 99802. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA ON K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 111 IS 2 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XJ315 UT WOS:A1997XJ31500007 ER PT J AU Hanley, TA Brady, WW AF Hanley, TA Brady, WW TI Understory species composition and production in old-growth western hemlock - Sitka spruce forests of southeastern Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE plant communities; biomass; forest overstory; temperate rain forest; Tsuga heterophylla; Picea sitchensis; Thuja plicata; western red cedar ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; BIOMASS DISTRIBUTION; CASCADE MOUNTAINS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CANOPY GAPS; SUB-ALPINE; OREGON; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Vascular understory species composition and production were studied in 36 stands in both northern and southern portions of southeastern Alaska, United States. Understory composition and production were related to site factors of soil drainage and slope and overstory factors of species composition, stand age, canopy coverage, and mass (net wood volume). Principal floristic gradients were dominated by differences in production of Alaska blueberry (Vaccinirum alaskaense How.), skunk-cabbage (Lysichiton americanum Hult. & St. John), and lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth). Soil drainage was the principal environmental factor determining understory species composition. Soil drainage also determined overstory mass and, consequently, total understory production, presumably through effects of overstory mass on light interception. Well-drained sites were more productive of trees and less productive of understory than were poorly drained sites. Relations between windthrow, soil drainage, overstory mass, and understory species composition and production are interactive in these excessively wet, old-growth forests. C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV, SCH PLANNING & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, TEMPE, AZ 85287 USA. RP Hanley, TA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, POB 20909, JUNEAU, AK 99802 USA. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD APR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 4 BP 574 EP 580 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XD786 UT WOS:A1997XD78600007 ER PT J AU Doss, RP Potter, SW Christian, JK Soeldner, AH Chastagner, GA AF Doss, RP Potter, SW Christian, JK Soeldner, AH Chastagner, GA TI The conidial surface of Botrytis cinerea and several other Botrytis species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE hydrophobicity; conidial surface; Botryotinia; electron microscopy ID FUNGAL HYDROPHOBIN AB Surfaces of conidia of Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr. and several other Botrytis species were studied using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy with carbon-platinum replicas. The surface of dry conidia of B. cinerea was rough with numerous short (200-250 nm) protuberances. Upon hydration and redrying these protuberances disappeared. The surfaces of conidia of other Botrytis species were similar to the surface of B. cinerea. The basket-weave pattern of hydrophobin rodlets present on the surfaces of spores of many fungal species was not observed on conidia of any of the Botrytis species. Rodlets were seen when the methods employed in this study were used to examine conidia of Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) Winter, Neurospora crassa Shear et Dodge, or Penicillium camembertii Them:, fungal species known to possess rodlets. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PUYALLUP RES & EXTENS CTR,PUYALLUP,WA 98371. RP Doss, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES UNIV,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD APR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 4 BP 612 EP 617 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XD786 UT WOS:A1997XD78600011 ER PT J AU GunthardtGoerg, MS McQuattie, CJ Scheidegger, C Rhiner, C Matyssek, R AF GunthardtGoerg, MS McQuattie, CJ Scheidegger, C Rhiner, C Matyssek, R TI Ozone-induced cytochemical and ultrastructural changes in leaf mesophyll cell walls SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; PLANT-RESPONSES; NORWAY SPRUCE; LEAVES; EXPOSURE; PINE; NEEDLES; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS AB Cuttings of birch (Betula pendula Roth), poplar (Populus xeuramericana (Dode) Guinier cv. Dorskamp), and alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) were exposed in the open field to ambient ozone (O-3), in both full sunlight and shade conditions, and in field fumigation chambers to filtered air (FA) or FA plus added O-3 (75 nL.L-1) from 07:00 to 19:00, 19:00 to 07:00, or for 24 h. Appearance of O-3-induced leaf symptoms was related to changes at the cellular level, especially in the cell wall. Changes were analyzed by light, fluorescence, transmission electron, and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Visible leaf symptoms appeared after 23-39 days of fumigation in chambers at all three elevated O-3 regimes. Shaded birch showed increased sensitivity to ambient O-3 compared with birch grown in sunlight. In the presence of visible O-3 injury, mesophyll cell walls of birch and poplar leaves were thickened, and droplet-like exudates (projections) formed on cell walls adjacent to intercellular air spaces and increased as symptoms worsened. The main exudate constituents were esterified pectins (calcium pectate), a small amount of protein (more than in the cell wall proper), and callose (in poplar leaves only). These exudates indicate that O-3 has caused a slow intercellular oxidative process to occur at the cell walls. C1 SWISS FED INST FOREST SNOW & LANDSCAPE RES,CH-8903 BIRMENSDORF,SWITZERLAND. USDA,FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. UNIV MUNICH,LEHRSTUHL FORSTBOT,D-85354 FREISING,GERMANY. RI Scheidegger, Christoph/C-6547-2011; Gunthardt-Goerg, Madeleine/L-6461-2013 OI Scheidegger, Christoph/0000-0003-3713-5331; NR 48 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-4-453 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XE857 UT WOS:A1997XE85700002 ER PT J AU Hope, SM Li, CY AF Hope, SM Li, CY TI Respiration, nitrogen fixation, and mineralizable nitrogen spatial and temporal patterns within two Oregon Douglas-fir stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; FOREST-FLOOR; ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; SOIL RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; BIOMASS; MOISTURE; LITTER; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Substrate respiration, mineralizable nitrogen, and nitrogen fixation rates, substrate moisture content, and temperature were measured in trenched and undisturbed plots within two western Oregon Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) stands. The stands represent two different environments and ages. Woods Creek, the site of the lower elevation mature 70-year-old stand, is located in the Willamette Valley near Philomath, Oregon. The H.J. Andrews Forest, site of the higher elevation old-growth stand, lies on the western slopes of the Oregon Cascades. Mineralizable nitrogen rates were 1.3 times higher at Woods Creek than at the H.J. Andrews Forest; nitrogen fixation was 1.3 times greater at Woods Creek than at the old-growth H.J. Andrews stand. Litter evolved more CO2 and yielded more than 3 times the mineralizable nitrogen rates of logs and soils; Woods Creek logs had significantly higher nitrogen fixation than mineral soils (p < 0.001); there was greater nitrogen fixation in logs and soils sampled at 0-4 cm than at 4-20 cm (p < 0.03). At the old-growth H.J. Andrews Forest site, nitrogen fixation was significantly greater in logs than in soils (p < 0.001). Nitrogen fixation tended to be higher in samples from 0 to 4 cm within logs and mineral soils than in samples from 4 to 20 cm. There were no statistical differences in mineralizable nitrogen at the H.J. Andrews Forest between logs and mineral soils either by type or by depth at the p < 0.05 level. Neither site yielded a statistically significant difference in mineralizable nitrogen between trenched log and soil plots and nontrenched log and soil plots. Mineralizable nitrogen declined with depth, but this pattern was only statistically significant at Woods Creek (p < 0.005). C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FOREST SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 501 EP 509 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-4-501 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XE857 UT WOS:A1997XE85700007 ER PT J AU Sorensen, FC AF Sorensen, FC TI Effects of sib mating and wind pollination on nursery seedling size, growth components, and phenology of Douglas-fir seed-orchard progenies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; HEIGHT GROWTH; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; SHEEP; CONE; PINE AB Polymix outcross (X), furl-sib (FS), and wind-pollination CNP) families were produced on 25 seed trees and 10 half-sib families on 10 of the same trees in a Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii seedling seed orchard. Seedlings were raised at two sowing densities for 2 years in the nursery, and inbreeding depression in seedling size related to inbreeding effect on growing season length and growth rate. Seedling mortality was light and not affected by inbreeding. Mean inbreeding depression (ID) for 2-year size traits was 6% (height) and about 8% (diameter) per 10% increase in F, the inbreeding coefficient, and was linear with the increase in F over the range of F used. Both amount of ID and its fit to linearity differed greatly among seed trees. Elongation season was significantly and slightly shorter for FS than for X families; second-year relative elongation rate was nonsignificantly larger for FS than for X families. Inbred families had nonsignificantly larger within-plot variance and significantly larger coefficients of within- plot variance than X families. Sowing density was not a significant factor except in diameter and height/diameter ratio. Results are discussed in terms of plant growth habit and possible gene action. Wind-pollination, compared with X, families were significantly shorter by 3.8% and significantly smaller in diameter by 4.6%, with much variation among family groups. About half of the height difference could be explained by seed weight; the remainder could have been due to pollen contamination or natural inbreeding. Progenies of the two pollen types did not differ for phenological traits, even though the seed orchard was in a drier, more inland location than the parent-tree locations. Progenies of WP had nonsignificantly larger within-plot variance than X progenies. RP Sorensen, FC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 557 EP 566 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-4-557 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XE857 UT WOS:A1997XE85700013 ER PT J AU Ostrofsky, A Jellison, J Smith, KT Shortle, WC AF Ostrofsky, A Jellison, J Smith, KT Shortle, WC TI Changes in cation concentrations in red spruce wood decayed by brown rot and white rot fungi SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR LOGS; BALSAM FIR; NUTRIENT CONTENT; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; DECOMPOSITION; FOREST; OREGON; BOLES; ACCUMULATION; MOUNTAINS AB Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) wood blocks were incubated in modified soil block jars and inoculated with one of nine white rot or brown rot basidiomycetes. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, and aluminum were determined using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy in wood incubated 0, 1.5, 4, and 8 months after inoculation. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium tended to increase with time in a linear fashion in wood inoculated with fungi. Patterns of change in potassium concentrations varied. Concentrations of iron and aluminum were high in wood decayed by some of the fungi, particularly Postia placenta (Fr.) M. Larsen & Lombard. Temporal trends in wood cation concentration varied among decay fungi tested, indicating that species of decay fungus should be considered when examining the role of wood decay in nutrient cycling in the forest. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP Ostrofsky, A (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DEPT PLANT BIOL & PATHOL,5722 DEERING HALL,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 27 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 567 EP 571 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-4-567 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XE857 UT WOS:A1997XE85700014 ER PT J AU Niemela, P Lumme, I Mattson, W Arkhipov, V AF Niemela, P Lumme, I Mattson, W Arkhipov, V TI C-13 in tree rings along an air pollution gradient in the Karelian Isthmus, northwest Russia and southeast Finland SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CARBON; DELTA-C-13; FOREST; WOOD AB We measured delta(13)C in the annual rings (years:1954-1992) of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees in nine sample plots of an air pollution monitoring network in northwest Russia and southeast Finland. Trees in plots closer to the pollution sources tended to have less negative delta(13)C values (>C-13 in their wood) than those in more distant, northern plots. Moreover, between about 1960 and 1992, there was a tendency for delta(13)C to become increasingly negative (i.e., 100 ha) covered two-thirds of the study area and ranged from 19 to approximate to 200 yr of age, with 20-30 yr between major events. The meteorology of these storms was unknown, but we suspect they were caused by intense low-pressure systems originating in Antarctica. The mean return interval for 34 sites was 145 yr, with a range of 103-218 yr. Based on treefall size distributions, most stands blown over in the past 100 yr were even-aged, with mean tree dbh (diameter at breast height) between 20 and 32 cm. Aerial photographs taken in 1970 were used for before-and-after comparisons of a 1972 blowdown. Seventy-one percent of the area blown over in 1972 was even-aged, and 35% of the boundaries from this storm exactly coincided with previous stand boundaries. Damage patterns from storms in 1924 and 1972 suggested that forests located on valleys parallel to the wind, windward side slopes, and possibly upper leeward slopes were most vulnerable to blowdown, but few landscape positions escaped being hit by repeated storms. Return intervals were not significantly related to slope, elevation, or aspect; but surprisingly, shorter return intervals were associated with deeper soils. The landscape pattern of blowdown and recovery shifted over time because of variation among individual storms and because a small proportion of old-growth stands were converted to blowdowns and vice versa. Browsing by guanacos (Lama guanaco), a large native camelid, has severely inhibited tree regeneration during the past 75 yr in small blowdowns and the perimeters of larger ones, converting some stands to open meadows and incipient alpine communities. In the relatively simple Nothofagus forests of Tierra del Fuego, periodic gales are the main determinants of forest structure and pattern across a range of scales from small patches to entire landscapes. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOG,BOULDER,CO 80309. N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Rebertus, AJ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. RI Kitzberger, Thomas/H-9209-2015 OI Kitzberger, Thomas/0000-0002-9754-4121 NR 66 TC 57 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 1997 VL 78 IS 3 BP 678 EP 692 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WU829 UT WOS:A1997WU82900003 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD AF Lemly, AD TI Ecosystem recovery following selenium contamination in a freshwater reservoir SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATION DRAINWATER; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; AQUATIC BIRDS; FISH; TERATOGENESIS; CALIFORNIA; BLUEGILLS; TOXICITY; IMPACTS AB Belews Lake, North Carolina, was contaminated by selenium in wastewater released from a coal-fired electric generating facility during 1974-1985, Selenium bioaccumulated in aquatic food chains and caused severe reproductive failure and teratogenic deformities in fish, Beginning in 1986, the electric utility company changed its ash disposal practices and selenium-laden wastewater no longer entered the lake, A survey of selenium present in the water, sediments, benthic invertebrates, fish, and aquatic birds was conducted in 1996, Concentrations were compared to pre-1986 levels to determine how much change occurred during the decade since selenium inputs stopped, The data were also examined using a hazard assessment protocol to determine if ecosystem-level hazards to fish and aquatic birds had changed as well, Results reveal that waterborne selenium fell from a peak of 20 mu g/liter before 1986, to <1 mu g/liter in 1996; concentrations in biota were 85-95% lower in 1996, Hazard ratings indicate that high hazard existed prior to 1986 and that moderate hazard is still present, primarily due to selenium in the sediment-detrital food pathway, Concentrations of selenium in sediments have fallen by about 65-75%, but remain sufficiently elevated (1-4 mu g/g) to contaminate benthic food organisms of fish and aquatic birds, Field evidence confirmed the validity of the hazard ratings, Developmental abnormalities in young fish indicate that selenium-induced teratogenesis and reproductive impairment are occurring, Moreover, the concentrations of selenium in benthic food organisms are sufficient to cause mortality in young bluegill and other centrarchids because of Winter Stress Syndrome, At the ecosystem level, recovery has been slow, Toxic effects are still evident 10 years after selenium inputs were stopped, The sediment-associated selenium will likely continue to be a significant hazard to fish and aquatic birds for years. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), VIRGINIA TECH UNIV, US FOREST SERV, SO RES STN, COLDWATER FISHERIES RES UNIT, DEPT FISHERIES & WIL, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012 NR 38 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD APR PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1006/eesa.1996.1515 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WV885 UT WOS:A1997WV88500009 PM 9143456 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Ajwa, HA Wu, L Guo, X Akohoue, S Zambrzuski, S AF Banuelos, GS Ajwa, HA Wu, L Guo, X Akohoue, S Zambrzuski, S TI Selenium-induced growth reduction in Brassica land races considered for phytoremediation SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID ACCUMULATION; PLANTS; SELENATE; BARLEY; SULFUR; SOILS AB Brassica species considered for use in selenium (Se) phytore-mediation need to accumulate large amounts of Se to be successful, Retarded plant growth and impaired protein synthesis are common symptoms for plants grown under seleniferous soils, Selenium accumulation by different land races of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss and one land race of Brassica carinata was investigated in Se-enriched water and soil cultures containing 2 mg Se kg(-1). Effects of Se concentration in the root environment on the assimilation of Se, leaf surface area, dry matter yield, total leaf protein concentration, and free seleno-amino acid concentrations were analyzed for plants grown in Se-laden media, In water culture, shoot Se concentrations among the land races ranged from 501 to 1017 mg Se kg(-1) dry matter (DM), and in plants grown in Se-laden soil, concentrations ranged from 407 to 769 mg Se kg(-1) DM. Land races grown with Se exhibited decreases in dry matter yields from 12 to 23% and in leaf surface area from 5 to 26% compared to the same land races grown without Se, Protein content was significantly correlated both with shoot Se concentrations (r = 0.746, P < 0.001) and with leaf surface area (r = 0.446, P < 0.01) for all land races grown in Se-enriched water culture, There was also a significant correlation (r = 0.767, P < 0.001) between total Se assimilation and shoot protein for all land races, Free selenomethionine was detected for plants grown with Se and ranged from 92 to 958 ng g(-1) DM, Other seleno-amino acids, Se-methyl-selenocysteine and selenocysteine, were not consistently detected as free amino acids in the different land races, Although visual symptoms of Se toxicity were not observed in the Brassica species, dry matter yield, leaf surface, and total shoot protein decreased, depending on the land races tested. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM HORT,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD APR PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 282 EP 287 DI 10.1006/eesa.1996.1517 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WV885 UT WOS:A1997WV88500010 PM 9143457 ER PT J AU An, ZQ Mei, BG Yuan, WM Leong, SA AF An, ZQ Mei, BG Yuan, WM Leong, SA TI The distal GATA sequences of the sid1 promoter of Ustilago maydis mediate iron repression of siderophore production and interact directly with Urbs1, a GATA family transcription factor SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DNA looping; electrophoretic mobility shift assay; epitope tagging; fungi; zinc finger ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; FET3 GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; TOXICITY; ENCODES; CLONING; OPERON; YEAST AB The sid1 and urbs1 genes encode L-ornithine N-5-oxygenase and a GATA family transcription regulator respectively, for siderophore biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis. The basic promoter and iron-regulatory sequences of the U.maydis sid1 gene were defined by fusing restriction and Bal31 nuclease-generated deletion fragments of the promoter region with the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, Sequences required for basal expression of sid1 mapped within 1043 bp upstream of the translation start site and include the first untranslated exon and first intron, Sequences needed for iron-regulated expression of sid1 were localized to a 306 bp region mapping 2.3 and 2.6 kb upstream of the ATG. The 306 bp region contains two G/TGATAA sequences, consensus DNA binding sites of GATA family transcription factors, Deletion or site-directed mutation of either or both GATA sequences resulted in deregulated expression of sid1. In vitro DNA binding studies showed that Urbs1 binds to the 3'-GATA site in the 306 bp iron-responsive region, However, deletion of 1.1 kb between the distal GATA sites and the basal promoter region led to deregulated expression of GUS, indicating that these GATA sequences are by themselves insufficient to regulate sid1. PIE vitro DNA binding and in vivo reporter gene analysis revealed that siderophores are not corepressors of Urbs1. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM33716] NR 39 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0261-4189 EI 1460-2075 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD APR 1 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1742 EP 1750 DI 10.1093/emboj/16.7.1742 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XA869 UT WOS:A1997XA86900027 PM 9130718 ER PT J AU MillerHjelle, MA Hjelle, JT Jones, M Mayberry, WR DombrinkKurtzman, MA Peterson, SW Nowak, DM Darras, FS AF MillerHjelle, MA Hjelle, JT Jones, M Mayberry, WR DombrinkKurtzman, MA Peterson, SW Nowak, DM Darras, FS TI Polycystic kidney disease: An unrecognized emerging infectious disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LIMULUS AMEBOCYTE LYSATE; ENDOTOXIN; MICE; PATHOGENESIS; APOPTOSIS; INJURY; TESTS; CELLS; RATS; SKIN AB Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common genetic diseases in humans. We contend that it may be an emerging infectious disease and/or microbial toxicosis in a vulnerable human subpopulation. Use of a differential activation protocol for the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay showed bacterial endotoxin and fungal (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans in cyst fluids from human kidneys with PKD. Fatty acid analysis of cyst fluid confirmed the presence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids characteristic of endotoxin. Tissue and cyst fluid from three PKD patients were examined for fungal components. Serologic tests showed Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida antigens. IgE, but not IgG, reactive with Fusarium and Candida were also detected in cyst fluid. Fungal DNA was detected in kidney tissue and cyst fluid from these th ree PKD patients, but not in healthy human kidney tissue. We examine the intertwined nature of the actions of endotoxin and fungal components, sphingolipid biology in PKD, the structure of PKD gene products, infections, and integrity of gut function to establish a mechanistic hypothesis for microbial provocation of human cystic disease. Proof of this hypothesis will require identification of the microbes and microbial components involved and multifaceted studies of PKD cell biology. C1 E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614. ARS,USDA,PEORIA,IL. RP MillerHjelle, MA (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL MED,DEPT BIOMED & THERAPEUT SCI,POB 1649,PEORIA,IL 61656, USA. NR 85 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 3 IS 2 BP 113 EP 127 PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XL155 UT WOS:A1997XL15500004 PM 9204292 ER PT J AU Radecki, SV McCannLevorse, L Agarwal, SK Burnside, J Proudman, JA Scanes, CG AF Radecki, SV McCannLevorse, L Agarwal, SK Burnside, J Proudman, JA Scanes, CG TI Chronic administration of growth hormone (GH) to adult chickens exerts marked effects on circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF binding proteins, hepatic GH regulated gene I, and hepatic GH receptor mRNA SO ENDOCRINE LA English DT Article DE growth hormone (GH); chicken; insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I); IGF binding proteins; GH receptor ID GROWING DOMESTIC-FOWL; LONG-TERM; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; DWARF CHICKENS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; SOMATOMEDIN-C; ORGAN GROWTH; PITUITARY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; HYPOPHYSECTOMY AB In young birds, growth hormone (GH) administration has been found to have only a small or even no effect on circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). This is in obvious contrast to the situation in mammals. The present study examines the effect of continuous administration of GH in adult male chickens. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I were markedly elevated (2.5-3.0-fold, p < 0.001) in GH-treated chickens. There were also some transient increases in the circulating levels of IGF binding proteins. Adult chickens showed other manifestations of increased responsiveness to GH, including elevated hepatic expression of GH-regulated gene-I (mRNA) with GH treatment (p < 0.05), and a tendency (p < 0.08) for decreased GH-receptor mRNA. In contrast to the changes in circulating concentrations of GH and IGF-I with GH treatment, no changes in plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones, reproductive hormones, glucose, or nonesterified fatty acids were evident. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,COLL AGR,AMES,IA 50011. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT ANIM SCI & AGR BIOCHEM,NEWARK,DE 19717. USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RI Nolen, Danielle/A-5250-2010; Crozier, Laura/C-5891-2011; Agarwal, Sunita/D-1428-2016 OI Agarwal, Sunita/0000-0002-7557-3191 NR 45 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0969-711X J9 ENDOCRINE JI Endocrine PD APR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1007/BF02738954 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XB143 UT WOS:A1997XB14300003 PM 9225125 ER PT J AU Coll, M Smith, LA Ridgway, RL AF Coll, M Smith, LA Ridgway, RL TI Effect of plants on the searching efficiency of a generalist predator: The importance of predator-prey spatial association SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE anthocoridae; Orius insidiosus; foraging behavior; tri-trophic level interactions; biological control ID ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS HEMIPTERA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; ANTHOCORIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; DENSITY; LARVAE; CORN AB In most studies of tritrophic interactions, the effect of plants on predators is confounded with changes in prey and predator behaviors after an encounter event. Here, we estimate how the effect of plants on prey distribution (in the absence of the predator) and on predator foraging behavior (in the absence of prey) may influence predation rate of Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in 11 plant by prey species combinations. The within-leaf distributions of O. insidiosus and its prey overlapped most on bean plants. The predator's foraging behavior (e.g., walking speed, turning rate) also differed among plant species. Simulations, using the prey distribution data and predator's foraging patterns on leaf surfaces of each plant species, show that, overall, the searching efficiency of O. insidiosus was higher on leaves of bean and corn than of tomato. However, the predator's searching efficiency was not consistent within plant species. Thus, the combined effect of plants directly on the predator and indirectly through the prey influenced the predator's searching efficiency. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 1997 VL 83 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1997.00151.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WV482 UT WOS:A1997WV48200001 ER PT J AU Walsh, GC Cordo, HA AF Walsh, GC Cordo, HA TI Coprophilous arthropod community from Argentina with species of potential use as biocontrol agents against pest flies. SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Philonthini; manure ecology; biocontrol of pest flies; dung beetles; fly parasitoids; fly predators ID VETUSTISSIMA WALKER DIPTERA; DUNG BEETLES COLEOPTERA; EAST CENTRAL TEXAS; SIMULATION-MODEL; CENTRAL MISSOURI; BOVINE DUNG; FLY DIPTERA; HORN FLY; MUSCIDAE; PARASITES AB Dung-inhabiting pest flies are one of the main problems associated with the accumulation of cattle dung. This work analyzes the diversity and dynamics of a coprophilous community from northern Buenos Aires, Argentina, in a search for potential biocontrol agents. Thirty-six dung pads of 3 age categories and 4 microhabitats were collected on each sampling date and examined for their arthropod fauna. Some of the species with undefined feeding behavior were subjected to feeding trials in the laboratory. We found 34 coprophagous species, 47 predators, and 13 parasitoids. The combination of the results of the feeding trials, co-occurrence and abundance data of the prey and predator populations, and direct field observations were used to put together a trophic web and hypothesis on the dynamics of the community. Dung scarabs cause significant reductions in immature dung fly survival by burying and desiccating large amounts of dung. The Philonthini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are the most abundant and rich predator group, although they are slow to respond to variations in fly populations. However, predatory flies show the same abundance curves as their prey flies. Predatory beetles and flies, dung scarabs, and pupal parasitoids cause additive mortality to the fly population, whereas larval parasitoids cause some compensatory mortality. Four species of staphylinids, 1 predatory muscid, and a coprophagous scarab could have potential as biocontrol agents. The perspectives of success and convenience of a horn fly biocontrol scheme in southern South America are discussed. RP Walsh, GC (reprint author), US EMBASSY BUENOS AIRES, USDA ARS, S AMER BIOL CONTROL LAB, AMER RES SERV LAB, UNIT 4325, APO, AA 34034 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ118 UT WOS:A1997WZ11800007 ER PT J AU Stapel, JO Ruberson, JR Gross, HR Lewis, WJ AF Stapel, JO Ruberson, JR Gross, HR Lewis, WJ TI Progeny allocation by the parasitoid Lespesia archippivora (Diptera: Tachinidae) in larvae of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lespesia archippivora; Spodoptera exigua; parasitism; instar; brood size; progeny allocation ID WASP TRICHOGRAMMA-MINUTUM; HOST SUITABILITY; SEX-RATIO; CLUTCH SIZE; OVIPOSITION; HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGY; STAGE; AGE AB Field-collected Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) larvae always produce small brood sizes of the gregarious parasitoid Lespesia archippivora (Riley) (1-2 progeny). To further investigate this finding we characterized life history attributes of the parasitoid's offspring in different host instars in the laboratory. Changes in offspring fitness and mortality and rate of successful parasitization can indicate opportunities for tachinids to influence fitness of their progeny. Effects of host instar and parasitoid brood size on parasitoid survival, development, size, and fecundity were investigated. Fecundity was indirectly assessed by measuring parasitoid puparial weight; female puparial weight and egg load are positively correlated. L. archippivora is able to successfully parasitize all investigated instars of S. exigua. The percentage of hosts yielding puparia was highest (95.1%) in 4th instars; it was only 65.5% in prepupal stages of the host. Lower parasitoid emergence rates in younger host instars were caused by higher host survival or premature host mortality. Parasitoid puparial weight decreased with increasing brood size but was not affected by host instar when equal brood sizes were compared. Parasitoid puparial weight with that of females from mixed sex broods of progeny. Progeny allocation of L. archippivora and fitness consequences associated with that allocation are independent of host size. We conclude that by consistently allotting small broods to hosts, L. archippivora adults may reduce strong competition between offspring and maximize successful parasitization, thereby resulting in highly fit females. RP Stapel, JO (reprint author), USDA ARS, INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 265 EP 271 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ118 UT WOS:A1997WZ11800017 ER PT J AU Hammack, L AF Hammack, L TI Attractiveness of synthetic corn volatiles to feral northern and western corn rootworm beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera; corn rootworm; host finding; attractant; kairomone ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; CUCURBITA-MAXIMA DUCHESNE; EAR WORM ATTRACTANTS; 8-METHYL-2-DECYL PROPANOATE; TOXIC BAIT; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; STEREOISOMERS; KAIROMONES; PHEROMONE AB Synthetic corn volatiles and selected analogues were tested in corn fields for attractiveness to feral adults of northern corn rootworm, diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, and western corn rootworm, Daibrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Attractiveness of test compounds was compared with that of reference standards, geranylacetone and (+)-alpha-terpineol for northern and western corn rootworm, respectively, and with two structural isomers of the reference standards, nerylacetone and (+)-alpha-terpinen-4-ol, which were the only test compounds not reported from corn. Compounds attractive to northern corn rootworms included nerylacetone, linalool, and geranyl acetate, although the best captures were only approximate to 20% of those on traps baited with the geranylacetone reference standard. Linabol proved to be an effective western corn rootworm attractant that captured as many females as the (+)-alpha-terpineol reference standard. Methyl salicylate also showed moderated attractiveness to western corn rootworm females. Marginal captures (but statistically higher than control) of western corn rootworm females occurred on traps baited with nerylacetone, geranyl acetate, geraniol, and (-)-alpha-pinene. Linalool was the only new compound to attract western corn rootworm males, but the highest capture was only about twice that of control. Compounds that failed to attract either species or sec in numbers significantly exceeding control were (+)-alpha-terpinen-4-ol, (+)-alpha-pinene, carvacrol, thymol, and 1-octen-3-ol. Kairomonal attractants so far identified for corn rootworm adults generally are widely distributed in nature and thus unlikely to account for specificity of host-finding responses except as components of unique odorant blends. RP Hammack, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB, 2923 MEDARY AVE, BROOKINGS, SD 57006 USA. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 311 EP 317 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ118 UT WOS:A1997WZ11800023 ER PT J AU Porter, SD Williams, DF Patterson, RS Fowler, HG AF Porter, SD Williams, DF Patterson, RS Fowler, HG TI Intercontinental differences in the abundance of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Escape from natural enemies? SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasions; exotic species; biological control; populations; mound size; polygyny ID TEXAS AB The absence of natural enemies often allows exotic pests to reach densities that are much higher than normally occur in their native habitats. When Solenopsis fire ants were introduced into the United States, their numerous natural enemies were left behind in South America. To compare intercontinental fire ant densities, we selected 13 areas in South America and another 12 areas in North America. Sample areas were paired with weather stations and distributed across a broad range of climatic conditions. In each area, we measured fire and densities at 5 preselected roadside sites that were at least 5 km apart. At each site, we also measured foraging activity, checked for polygyne colonies, and recorded various kinds of environmental data. In most areas, we also measured fire and densities in lawns and grazing land. Fire and population along roadsides in North America were 4-7 times higher than fire and population in South America. Similar intercontinental differences were found in lawns and on grazing lands. These intercontinental differences in fire and abundance were not associated with sampling conditions, seasonal variability, habitat differences, or the frequency of polygyny. Although several correlations were found with long-term weather conditions, careful inspection of the data suggests that these correlations were probably more coincidental that causal. Cultural differences in roadside maintenance may explain some to the intercontinental differences in grazing land and mowed lawns. Bait tests showed that competition with other ants was much more important in South America; however, we were not able to determine whether this was a major cause of intercontinental differences or largely a consequence of other factors study was correlational, we were unable to determine the cause(s) of the large intercontinental difference in fire ant abundance that we observed. However, we were able to largely exclude a number of possible explanations for the differences, including sampling, season, polygyny, climate, and aspects of habitat. By a process of elimination, escape from natural enemies remains among the most likely explanations for the unusually high densities of fire ants found in North America. RP Porter, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL, POB 14565, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. NR 40 TC 129 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 373 EP 384 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ118 UT WOS:A1997WZ11800031 ER PT J AU Watts, DW Novak, JM Pfeiffer, RL AF Watts, DW Novak, JM Pfeiffer, RL TI Evaluation of an ELISA kit for the detection of metribuzin in stream water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; PESTICIDE; GROUNDWATER AB A recently developed magnetic-based ELISA test kit for the herbicide metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] was evaluated for its reproducibility, accuracy, and comparability to results from a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique for the determination of metribuzin in stream water. Replicated metribuzin determination in stream water showed good daily reproducibility (CV < 10%) except at low concentrations (less than or equal to 0.68 mu g L(-1)). Although the assay correlated well (r = 0.954) with GC/MS results, the correlation was improved (r = 0.990) when concentrations less than or equal to 0.68 mu g L(-1) were omitted. Predicted accuracy by the metribuzin assay was tested in two matrices [stream and deionized (DI) water]. Deionized water matrix exhibited excellent agreement between the theoretical and predicted metribuzin levels, indicating a high degree of accuracy. Predicted metribuzin concentrations were slightly elevated compared to theoretical concentrations in stream samples; however, no significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the two sample matrices. This ELISA was found to tolerate an excessive amount of several chemical substances routinely found in environmental samples as well as a wide range of pH levels. Overall, the assay illustrated the ability to efficiently and accurately predict concentrations of metribuzin in stream water and demonstrated the utility of the ELISA technique as a screening tool for the determination of metribuzin in stream samples. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Watts, DW (reprint author), COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,2611 W LUCAS ST,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1116 EP 1119 DI 10.1021/es960624y PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WR546 UT WOS:A1997WR54600050 ER PT J AU Yates, SR Wang, D Ernst, FF Gan, J AF Yates, SR Wang, D Ernst, FF Gan, J TI Methyl bromide emissions from agricultural fields: Bare soil, deep injection SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; CHARCOAL; CH3BR AB The environmental fate and transport of methyl bromide (MeBr) in an agricultural field after deep injection (68 cm) is described and compared to a recent experiment where MeBr was injected at a shallow (25 cm) depth, and the surface was covered with high-density polyethylene plastic. Three independent methods were used to estimate the total MeBr lost after application, i.e., the appearance of soil Br-, the flux chamber, and micrometeorological methods. Peak MeBr volatilization rates occurred during the first 24 h, but relatively high rates continued for more than 7 days after application. Diurnally, the largest volatilization rates occurred from midnight to early morning during periods of decreasing barometric pressure, and the volatilization rate decreased when the barometric pressure was increasing. Due to deep injection, cooler temperatures, and smaller thermal gradients, the total MeBr mass emitted from the field was significantly less than a previous experiment. The total emissions estimate obtained from the Br- data was 239 kg or 21%. The estimates obtained from the direct flux measurements were found to range from 1.9% to 4.9%. The percent mass recovery ranged from 81% to 84% of the applied mass, with an average value of 82%. The discrepancy between Br- and direct flux measurements was attributed to losses from the shank fracture during or immediately after injection. It is important to understand how deep injection affects MeBr emissions so that the total fumigant loss from agricultural fields can be minimized. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 25 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1136 EP 1143 DI 10.1021/es960630u PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WR546 UT WOS:A1997WR54600053 ER PT J AU Hancock, DD Besser, TE Rice, DH Herriott, DE Tarr, PI AF Hancock, DD Besser, TE Rice, DH Herriott, DE Tarr, PI TI A longitudinal study of Escherichia coli O157 in fourteen cattle herds SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; WASHINGTON-STATE; DAIRY; INFECTIONS; PATHOGEN; PROBES AB Escherichia coli O157 shedding in 14 cattle herds was determined by faecal culture at intervals of approximately 1 month for up to 13 months. The overall prevalence was 1.0% (113/10832 faecal samples) and 9 of the 14 herds were detected as positive. Herds positive 2 years previously (n = 5) had a higher prevalence of positive cattle (median = 1.9 %) than herds which had been negative on a previous sampling (n = 8, median = 0.2 %). Weaned heifers had a higher prevalence (1.8 %) than did unweaned calves (0.9 %) or adults (0.4 %). For all herds the highest prevalence occurred in the summer months, which resulted in most of the positive faecal samples being collected on a minority of sampling visits. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. USDA, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, VET SERV, SALEM, OR 97301 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98105 USA. RP Hancock, DD (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, FIELD DIS INVEST UNIT, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 13 TC 248 Z9 256 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 1997 VL 118 IS 2 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1017/S0950268896007212 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA WW230 UT WOS:A1997WW23000015 PM 9129597 ER PT J AU Arnold, R AF Arnold, R TI Thank you, Dokuchaev SO EURASIAN SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Arnold, R (reprint author), USDA,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O PLENUM/CONSULTANTS BUREAU 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1064-2293 J9 EURASIAN SOIL SCI+ JI Eurasian Soil Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 30 IS 4 BP 350 EP 351 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XF437 UT WOS:A1997XF43700002 ER PT J AU Zizza, C AF Zizza, C TI The nutrient content of the Italian food supply 1961-1992 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Italian nutrient per capita; nutrients available in Italian food supply; food and nutrient balance sheets AB Objective: To highlight the methodology used to determine nutrient per capita per day values, to report values for food energy and 12 nutrients and to compare these values with FAO nutrient per capita values and Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDIs) for Italy. Design: The nutrient content of the Italian food supply was calculated using food per capita data from FAO and food composition data from the Italian National Nutrition Institute. Results: All nutrient per capita values have increased since 1961 except carboyhdrate. Wheat-based products were important sources of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus, iron, and potassium; and vegetables were predominant sources of vitamin A, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, and potassium. The increase in red meats has accounted for some of the increases in fat, protein, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus, and iron. FAO reported higher values for energy, fat and niacin and lower values for protein, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, calcium in all years. The trends for vitamin A and iron were similar in both data sets; however, there were switches in which set reported higher values. The trends for niacin and calcium were not similar. When compared with the RDIs, most of the nutrients were adequate. The exceptions were iron for females ages 10-59 and calcium for adolescents. Conclusion: Different nutrient values and sometimes trends resulted when nutrient composition data and edible portion factors specific to Italy were used to determine nutrient per capita values. The nutrient content of the Italian food supply changed between 1961 and 1992, suggesting dietary patterns in Italy also changed. RP Zizza, C (reprint author), USDA,CTR NUTR POLICY & PROMOT,1120 20TH ST NW,NORTH LOBBY,SUITE 200,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 51 IS 4 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600395 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WZ699 UT WOS:A1997WZ69900007 PM 9104577 ER PT J AU Zotz, G Patino, S Tyree, MT AF Zotz, G Patino, S Tyree, MT TI CO2 gas exchange and the occurrence of CAM in tropical woody hemiepiphytes SO FLORA LA English DT Article DE hemiepiphytes; CAM; photosynthesis; leaf nitrogen ID CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS-NITROGEN RELATIONS; CLUSIA-ROSEA JACQ; INTERNAL CO2; WATER-STRESS; ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL COMPORTMENT; CARBON BALANCE; TREE CLUSIA; C3-CAM TREE; LEAF-AREA AB CO2 gas exchange and nocturnal acidification was studied in situ and in the laboratory on 7 woody hemiepiphytes representing 6 genera in 4 families. CAM activity was detected only in the genus Clusia, but a species of another genus in the same family (Havetiopsis flexilis) showed very high but constant levels of organic acidity. This is frequently observed in C-3/CAM inter mediates when operating in C-3 mode. The rates of net CO2 uptake during the day ranged from 1.4-24 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), thus covering the same range as found in tropical trees. The correlation of the maximum rates of net CO2 uptake and diel carbon balances was the same as previously found in other tropical species providing further evidence for the generality of this relationship. C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT BOT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. USDA,FOREST SERV,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0367-2530 J9 FLORA JI Flora PD APR PY 1997 VL 192 IS 2 BP 143 EP 150 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WY956 UT WOS:A1997WY95600006 ER PT J AU Kuchler, F Ralston, K Unnevehr, LJ AF Kuchler, F Ralston, K Unnevehr, LJ TI Reducing pesticide risks to US food consumers: Can agricultural research help? SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE pesticide residues; pesticide risks; research prioritization; food consumption AB Recent pesticide policy initiatives focus on reducing risks through agricultural research on pest control alternatives, This paper illustrates how research resources could be targeted to reduce risks to food consumers from dietary pesticide residue intake, For 50 chemicals on 10 fruits and vegetables, we estimate consumers' dietary intake of pesticides and use those estimates to develop risk indicators, expressing dietary intake as a percentage of safe levels, These indicators show that risks are higher for small children, The indicators allow us to rank pesticides according to their contribution to risk for this vulnerable sub-population, We then trace these risks to four sources: on farm pesticide use, post-harvest pesticide use, pesticides used on imported foods, and canceled pesticides that persist in the environment, For pesticides that are used mainly on-farm, we show that the development of alternatives for risk reduction could be targeted to particular regions and crops, However, research to develop on-farm pest control alternatives will not address all of the sources of pesticide residues in the diet, (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGR & CONSUMER ECON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Kuchler, F (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD APR PY 1997 VL 22 IS 2 BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0306-9192(97)00003-1 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA XB861 UT WOS:A1997XB86100003 ER PT J AU Whiting, RC AF Whiting, RC TI Microbial database building: What have we learned? SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Institute-of-Food-Technologists CY JUN 03-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Inst Food Technologists ID GROWTH; MICROORGANISMS; TEMPERATURE; FOODS RP Whiting, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LN,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 51 IS 4 BP 82 EP & PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WT542 UT WOS:A1997WT54200011 ER PT J AU Miller, AJ Whiting, RC Smith, JL AF Miller, AJ Whiting, RC Smith, JL TI Use of risk assessment to reduce listeriosis incidence SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Institute-of-Food-Technologists CY JUN 03-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Inst Food Technologists ID UNITED-STATES; MONOCYTOGENES; GROWTH; FOODS RP Miller, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 51 IS 4 BP 100 EP 103 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WT542 UT WOS:A1997WT54200015 ER PT J AU Ross, WG Kulhavy, DL Conner, RN AF Ross, WG Kulhavy, DL Conner, RN TI Stand conditions and tree characteristics affect quality of longleaf pine for red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE endangered species; resin flow; red-cockaded woodpecker; longleaf pine; edge effect; stand structure ID SOUTHERN PINES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; GROWTH; HABITAT; TEXAS AB We measured resin flow of longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) pines in red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis Vieillot) clusters in the Angelina National Forest in Texas, and the Apalachicola National Forest in Florida. Sample trees were categorized as active cavity trees, inactive cavity trees and control trees, Sample trees were further categorized by stand position as either edge or interior trees. Longleaf cavity trees in Texas and Florida had similar resin flow characteristics. Active cavity trees on forest edges had the highest resin flow, whereas active cavity trees in forest interiors had the lowest. Trees experiencing both low and high levels of red-cockaded woodpecker activity and competition from other trees had low resin flow, whereas intermediate stress typically resulted in high resin flow. Results from this study indicate that the best active red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees, from a resin flow perspective, are on or near forest edges. This may explain the woodpecker's observed tendency to excavate new cavities near edges even when interior basal area has been reduced and midstory has beer, controlled. Our results suggest that pines managed as potential cavity trees should be experiencing minimal competition, and that a mosaic of patches in red-cockaded woodpecker habitat may be preferable to more uniform conditions. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,USDA,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962. RP Ross, WG (reprint author), STEPHEN F AUSTIN STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,POB 6109,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR PY 1997 VL 91 IS 2-3 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03894-7 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WV908 UT WOS:A1997WV90800002 ER PT J AU Barbour, RJ Johnston, S Hayes, JP Tucker, GF AF Barbour, RJ Johnston, S Hayes, JP Tucker, GF TI Simulated stand characteristics and wood product yields from Douglas-fir plantations managed for ecosystem objectives SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecosystem management; wildlife; habitat; silviculture; wood properties; wood products; timber production ID WESTERN OREGON; FORESTS; SNAGS; BIRDS AB Hundreds of thousands of hectares of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) plantations in coastal forests in the U.S. Pacific Northwest were established over the past 40 years. Density management regimes designed to increase structural and compositional diversity in these plantations are being tested and implemented on an operational scale, These regimes are designed to promote various tree and stand characteristics, such as trees with large limbs, stands with multi-layered canopies, and dense unthinned patches, Changes in management policy associated with these types of regimes raise questions about the potential to manage for both ecosystem values and timber production. We used state-of-the-art models to simulate stand growth and wood product yields under several silvicultural prescriptions. The results indicated that timing and intensity of early thinnings are critical in determining both stand structure and wood quality. We concluded that it should be possible to manage Douglas-fir plantations to provide a high degree of structural diversity and wood products with quality similar to that grown in many industrial plantations. C1 US FOREST SERV,SIUSLAW NATL FOREST,USDA,MAPLETON,OR 97453. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,COASTAL OREGON PRODUCT ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CASCADE CTR ECOSYST MANAGEMENT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Barbour, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,USDA,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. RI Hayes, John/C-7967-2016; OI Hayes, John/0000-0002-6462-6876; Tucker, Gabriel/0000-0003-1176-9651 NR 44 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR PY 1997 VL 91 IS 2-3 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03873-X PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WV908 UT WOS:A1997WV90800007 ER PT J AU Slahor, JJ Hassler, CC DeGroot, RC Gardner, DJ AF Slahor, JJ Hassler, CC DeGroot, RC Gardner, DJ TI Preservative treatment evaluation of red maple and yellow-poplar with ACQ-B SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This project sought to determine if there was a difference in treatment results of selected refractory hardwood species by comparing a heated solution of ammoniacal copper quaternary compound-Type B (ACQ-B) to an ambient solution of ACQ-B using three pressure period durations. Nominal 2-by-4 samples, 6 inches long, of red maple and yellow-poplar heartwood were end-sealed and vacuum/pressure treated with a I percent active ingredient solution of ACQ-B. Duration of pressure was varied as well as temperature of solution. Measurements were taken of minimum and maximum penetration, percentage of cross-sectional area penetrated, and retention of preservative as determined by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis (ASOMA). Statistical analysis indicated improved penetration into yellow-poplar heartwood when the preservative solution was heated. Red maple results were inconclusive in that there was difficulty indifferentiating heartwood and confirming the refractory nature of the species. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,WOOD RES INST,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP Slahor, JJ (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,APPALACHIAN HARDWOOD CTR,POB 6125,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 4 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA WU806 UT WOS:A1997WU80600014 ER PT J AU Janowiak, JJ Manbeck, HB Hernandez, R Moody, RC AF Janowiak, JJ Manbeck, HB Hernandez, R Moody, RC TI Red maple lumber resources for glued-laminated timber beams SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper presents test evaluation results for red maple structural glued-laminated (glulam) beams manufactured from two different lumber resources. Two types of red maple glulam beam combinations were evaluated: 1) a glulam combination designed with E-rated lumber in 25 percent of the outer laminations (top and bottom) and visually graded lumber in 50 percent of the center laminations; and 2) a wide-width glulam combination with laminations made from nominal 2- by 4- and 2- by 6-inch No. 2 grade lumber laid edge-to-edge having staggered end joints (termed 2 by 4/2 by 6 glulam combination). The two research studies differed in that one study obtained red maple lumber using common sawing practices used for appearance hardwood lumber recovery, whereas the other study exclusively obtained lumber from the red maple log cants that had been processed for removal of furniture-grade material. Given these two lumber resources, the test results from the two studies showed that it was feasible to develop structural glulam combinations made from E-rated lumber that would meet or exceed a target design bending stress of 2,400 psi and a target modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 1.8 x 10(6) psi. In addition, the 2 by 4/2 by 6 glulam combination exceeded published design stresses for vertically laminated bending strength, MOE in both the horizontally and vertically laminated orientations, and horizontal shear stress in the vertically laminated orientation; Based on the results of the 2 by 4/2 by 6 glulam combination, it was determined that edge gluing the laminations to form wide-width lumber is not required to achieve targeted strength and stiffness levels. Data analysis showed that ASTM D 3737 procedures developed for softwood species accurately predict beam stiffness and provide conservative bending and horizontal shear strength estimates for red maple glulam beams. Also, it was shown that results from ASTM D 143 shear-block tests could be used to accurately predict horizontal sheer strength of 2 by 4/2 by 6 red maple glulam beams. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Janowiak, JJ (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 4 BP 55 EP 64 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA WU806 UT WOS:A1997WU80600015 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE AF Hummer, KE TI Diamonds in the rust: Ribes resistance to white pine blister rust SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB White pine blister rust (WPBR), Cronartia ribicola Fischer, causes economic damage to white pines, Pinus strobus L., and infects leaves of some Ribes late in the summer after harvest. Susceptible Ribes and Pinus serve as obligate alternate hosts for this disease. The objective of this study was to determine the response of Ribes species and cultivars to WPBR under field conditions at Corvallis, OR, where inoculum is naturally present. In 1995 and 1996, 54 Ribes taxa from North and South America, Europe, and Asia visually evaluated August through October for the presence of uredia on the abaxial leaf surfaces. Plants with no observable uredia for the duration of the study were considered resistant. WPBR infection varied by year, within taxonomic sections, and between and within species. Uredia of WPBR were present on 22 Ribes taxa in one or both years, while 32 others were resistant, i.e., had no uredia. Some of the resistant Ribes species were native outside of eastern Russia, which is the native range of the rust. Resistant species may contain new sources of genes for developing additional rust-resistant commercial Ribes cultivars. The cultivation of resistant Ribes is an alternative to consider where state statutes banning the genus are under review. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD APR PY 1997 VL 51 IS 2 BP 112 EP 117 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XB957 UT WOS:A1997XB95700010 ER PT J AU Heyman, MB Vinken, AG Roberts, SB AF Heyman, MB Vinken, AG Roberts, SB TI Regulation of fecal excretion in normal young and older adult males: Effect of dietary energy content. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DEPT PEDIAT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1997 VL 112 IS 4 SU S BP A879 EP A879 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA WV419 UT WOS:A1997WV41903501 ER PT J AU Kim, YI Fawaz, K Knox, T Lee, YM Norton, R Libby, E Mason, JB AF Kim, YI Fawaz, K Knox, T Lee, YM Norton, R Libby, E Mason, JB TI The effect of folate supplementation on systemic and colonic mucosal folate concentrations: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR, DIV GASTROENTEROL, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1997 VL 112 IS 4 SU S BP A592 EP A592 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA WV419 UT WOS:A1997WV41902358 ER PT J AU Mullick, T Motevalli, M Vinayek, S Nair, PP Dutta, SK AF Mullick, T Motevalli, M Vinayek, S Nair, PP Dutta, SK TI Increased expression of heat shock proteins by carotenoids in human esophageal epithelial cells SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, BALTIMORE, MD USA. SINAI HOSP, DEPT MED, DIV GASTROENTEROL, BALTIMORE, MD 21215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1997 VL 112 IS 4 SU S BP A622 EP A622 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA WV419 UT WOS:A1997WV41902476 ER PT J AU Wei, JZ Campbell, WF Wang, RRC AF Wei, JZ Campbell, WF Wang, RRC TI Genetic variability in Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) assessed by RAPD SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE genetic variation; Psathyrostacys juncea; random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD); Russian wildrye ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; DACTYLOIDES NUTT ENGELM; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; MARKERS; WHEAT; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY AB To assess the genetic variation within and among accessions of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachysjuncea), 88 individuals of 11 accessions originated from geographically diverse locations were analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Under the optimized condition, 56% of the 200 tested primers produced polymorphic RAPDs among accessions. High level RAPD marker variations existed both within and among accessions. About 56% and 44% of the amplified fragments were polymorphic within and among accessions, respectively. Accessions from neighboring geographical regions are more similar than those from distant regions. These results are comparable with those obtained from studies on chromosome C-banding and isozyme electrophoresis. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 44 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1023/A:1008666908478 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA WQ451 UT WOS:A1997WQ45100004 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Pinson, SRM Paterson, AH Park, WD Stansel, JW AF Li, ZK Pinson, SRM Paterson, AH Park, WD Stansel, JW TI Genetics of hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown in an intersubspecific rice (Oryza sativa L) population SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS CLADE; RECOMBINATION FREQUENCIES; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; WIDE-COMPATIBILITY; COMPLEX; MELANOGASTER; VARIABILITY; EPISTASIS; VARIETIES; EVOLUTION AB F-1 hybrid sterility and ''hybrid breakdown'' of F-2 and later generations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are common and genetically complicated. We used a restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage map and F-4 progeny testing to investigate hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown in a cross between ''widely compatible'' O. sativa ssp. japonica cultivar Lemont from the Southern U.S. and ssp. indica cultivar Teqing from China. Our results implicate different genetic mechanisms in hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown, respectively. Hybrid sterility appeared to be due to recombination within a number of putative differentiated ''supergenes'' in the rice genome, which may reflect cryptic structural rearrangements. The cytoplasmic genome had a large effect on fertility of both male and female gametes in the F-1 hybrids. There appeared to be a pair of complementary genes that behaved like ''wide compatibility'' genes. This pair of genes and the ''gamete eliminator'' (S-1) or ''egg killer'' (S-5) may influence the phenotypic effects of presumed supergenes in hybrids. Hybrid breakdown appeared to be largely due to incompatibilities between indica and japonica alleles at many unlinked epistatic loci in the genome. These proposed mechanisms may partly account for the complicated nature of postreproductive barriers in rice. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,AGR SYST RES & EXTENS CTR,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. USDA ARS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. RP Li, ZK (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,PLANT GENOME MAPPING LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 57 TC 101 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 7 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD APR PY 1997 VL 145 IS 4 BP 1139 EP 1148 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA WQ562 UT WOS:A1997WQ56200024 PM 9093864 ER PT J AU Echt, CS MayMarquardt, P Hseih, M Zahorchak, R AF Echt, CS MayMarquardt, P Hseih, M Zahorchak, R TI Characterization of microsatellite markers in eastern white pine (vol 39, pg 1102, 1996) SO GENOME LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 RES GENET INC,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35801. RP Echt, CS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,INST FOREST BIOTECHNOL,5985 CTY RD K,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 271 EP 271 DI 10.1139/g97-038 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA XD418 UT WOS:A1997XD41800015 PM 18464827 ER PT J AU Mason, JB AF Mason, JB TI Geriatric nutrition: A comprehensive review, 2nd edition - Morley,JE, Glick,Z, Rubenstein,LZ SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review ID ELDERLY PEOPLE; FRACTURED NECK; MALNUTRITION; SUPPLEMENTATION; HOMOCYSTEINE; REQUIREMENTS; BENEFITS; FEMUR; ACID C1 JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA WV384 UT WOS:A1997WV38400027 ER PT J AU Mason, JB AF Mason, JB TI Nutritional assessment of elderly populations: Measure and functions - Rosenberg,IH SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review C1 JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA WV384 UT WOS:A1997WV38400029 ER PT J AU Mason, JB AF Mason, JB TI The mini nutritional assessment (MNA): Nutrition in the elderly - Vellas,BJ, Guigoz,Y, Garry,PJ, Albarede,JL SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review C1 JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA WV384 UT WOS:A1997WV38400028 ER PT J AU Mason, JB AF Mason, JB TI Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics, vol 15, Focus on nutrition - Morley,JE, Miller,DK SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review C1 JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA WV384 UT WOS:A1997WV38400026 ER PT J AU Baker, JT Allen, LH Boote, KJ Pickering, NB AF Baker, JT Allen, LH Boote, KJ Pickering, NB TI Rice responses to drought under carbon dioxide enrichment .1. Growth and yield SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; climate change; drought; growth; rice; yield ID ORYZA-SATIVA-L; CO2 ENRICHMENT; WHEAT; NUTRITION; CULTIVAR; INCREASE AB Projections of future climate change include a strong likelihood of a doubling of current atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and possible shifts in precipitation patterns. Drought stress is a major environmental limitation for crop growth and yield and is common in rainfed rice production systems. This study was conducted to determine the growth and grain yield responses of rice to drought stress under [CO2] enrichment. Rice (cv. IR-72) was grown to maturity in eight naturally sunlit, plant growth chambers in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2] of 350 and 700 mu mol CO2 mol(-1) air. In both [CO2], water management treatments included continuously hooded (CF) controls, flood water removed and drought stress imposed at panicle initiation (PI), anthesis (ANT), and both panicle initiation and anthesis (PI & ANT). The [CO2] enrichment increased growth, panicles plant(-1) and grain yield. Drought accelerated leaf senescence, reduced leaf area and above-ground biomass and delayed crop ontogeny. The [CO2] enrichment allowed 1-2 days more growth during drought stress cycles. Grain yields of the PI and PI & ANT droughts were similar to the CF control treatments while the ANT drought treatment sharply reduced growth, grain yield and individual grain mass. We conclude that in the absence of air temperature increases, future global increases in [CO2] should promote rice growth and yield while providing a modest reduction of near 10% in water use and so increase drought avoidance. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Baker, JT (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR AGR RES & EXTENS,DEPT HORT,POB E,OVERTON,TX 75684, USA. OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 45 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 3 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00058.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WU786 UT WOS:A1997WU78600004 ER PT J AU Baker, JT Allen, LH Boote, KJ Pickering, NB AF Baker, JT Allen, LH Boote, KJ Pickering, NB TI Rice responses to drought under carbon dioxide enrichment .2. Photosynthesis and evapotranspiration SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; carbon dioxide; drought; photosynthesis; water use ID DIFFERENT CO2 ENVIRONMENTS; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOYBEAN LEAVES; PLANT-GROWTH; ELEVATED CO2; ACCLIMATION; TRANSPIRATION; CARBOXYLASE; TEMPERATURE AB Future climate change is projected to include a strong likelihood of continued increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and possible shifts in precipitation patterns. Due mainly to uncertainties in the timing and amounts of monsoonal rainfall, drought is common in rainfed rice production systems. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects and possible interactions of [CO2] and drought stress on rice (Oryza sativa, L.) photosynthesis, evapotranspiration and water-use efficiency. Rice (cv. IR-72) was grown to maturity in eight naturally sunlit, plant growth chambers in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2] of 350 and 700 mu mol CO2 mol(-1) air. In both [CO2], water management treatments included continuously flooded controls, flood water removed and drought stress imposed at panicle initiation, anthesis, and both panicle initiation and anthesis. Potential acclimation of rice photosynthesis to long-term [CO2] growth treatments of 350 and 700 mu mol mol(-1) was tested by comparing canopy photosynthesis rates across short-term [CO2] ranging from 160 to 1000 mu mol mol(-1). These tests showed essentially no acclimation response with photosynthetic rate being a function of current short-term [CO2] rather than long-term [CO2] growth treatment. In both long-term [CO2] treatments, photosynthetic rate saturated with respect to [CO2] near 510 mu mol mol(-1). Carbon dioxide enrichment significantly increased both canopy net photosynthetic rate (21-27%) and water-use efficiency while reducing evapotranspiration by about 10%. This water saving under [CO2] enrichment allowed photosynthesis to continue for about one to two days longer during drought in the enriched compared with the ambient [CO2] control treatments. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT AGRON, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. UNIV FLORIDA, USDA ARS, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. RP Baker, JT (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV, CTR AGR RES & EXTENS, DEPT HORT, POB E, OVERTON, TX 75684 USA. OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 40 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 3 IS 2 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00061.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WU786 UT WOS:A1997WU78600005 ER PT J AU Hokanson, SC McFerson, JR Forsline, PL Lamboy, WF Luby, JJ Djangaliev, AD Aldwinckle, HS AF Hokanson, SC McFerson, JR Forsline, PL Lamboy, WF Luby, JJ Djangaliev, AD Aldwinckle, HS TI Collecting and managing wild Malus germplasm in its center of diversity SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT HORT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. KAZAKH ACAD SCI,ALMATY 480064,KAZAKHSTAN. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GENEVA,NY 14456. RP Hokanson, SC (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA,ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 173 EP 176 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WX607 UT WOS:A1997WX60700001 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, VM TI Yields of vegetables and peanut in rotation plantings SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE yield; peanut marketable rating ID ROOT DISEASES; SOILBORNE AB Crop rotations can reduce problems that occur in monoculture planting systems. In 1990, at Lane, Okla., 0.5 ha of Bernow fine-loamy soil was planted to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In the following 5 years, bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var, annuum L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativas L.), navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) were planted in one of four rotations after 1, 2, or 3 years of peanut. The first vegetable planting in each annual rotation was followed by either vegetables or peanut in following years. In 3 of the 6 years, peanut or vegetables were planted in each rotation. Peanut yields in the first year averaged 6.6 Mg.ha(-1), but were <1.9 Mg.ha(-1) thereafter. Yields of the first vegetable planting, which followed 1 or 2 years of peanut, were normal for this location, but were significantly lower after 3 years of peanut. For second or third plantings of vegetables in rotations, yields were reduced up to 50% compared to the first vegetable planting. For most crops, the rotation that had 3 years of peanut followed by 3 years of vegetables generally produced the least cumulative yield. Numbers of sclerotia produced by soilborne plant pathogenic fungi fluctuated over the years, but were the same in the spring of the second and sixth years. Rotating these crops appears to have limited applicability for maintaining high vegetable or peanut yields. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WX607 UT WOS:A1997WX60700010 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MD Carbone, GJ Reighard, GL Okie, WR AF Schwartz, MD Carbone, GJ Reighard, GL Okie, WR TI A model to predict peach phenology and maturity using meteorological variables SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; modeling weather effects ID HIGH-TEMPERATURES; REST COMPLETION; REDHAVEN PEACH; CHILL UNIT; TREES; FRUIT AB This paper outlines the development of regional-scale peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] phenology models for the southeastern United States. We constructed regression-based models to predict full bloom and first harvest using phenological data for eight peach cultivars grown in Georgia, South Carolina, and Texas and meteorological data from nearby cooperative weather stations. The mean absolute error (MAE, absolute value of predicted date minus observed date) of the all-cultivar full bloom model was 3.48 days. Bloom model errors were roughly 6 to 7 days (or less) 90% of the time, while comparable natural bloom date variability at a single station is about 12 to 13 days. Only two cultivars ('Dixired' and 'Elberta') had first harvest models with 90% error thresholds at or less than the natural harvest date variability at a single station (9 to 10 days). Thus, first harvest appears to be less predictable than full bloom, at least in terms of the temperature variables used in this study. The bloom model could serve as a prognostic tool, while the two cultivar harvest models are appropriate only for diagnostic studies, such as evaluating the potential response of a peach cultivar in a new location. The appeal of the models is that they consider numerous cultivars over a wide region and they use readily available meteorological data. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT GEOG,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT HORT,CLEMSON,SC 29634. ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,USDA,BYRON,GA 31008. RP Schwartz, MD (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOG,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201, USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WX607 UT WOS:A1997WX60700011 ER PT J AU AbdulBaki, AA Teasdale, JR Korcak, RF AF AbdulBaki, AA Teasdale, JR Korcak, RF TI Nitrogen requirements of fresh-market tomatoes on hairy vetch and black polyethylene mulch SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; Vicia villosa; nutrient composition; sustainable agriculture ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; COVER CROPS; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; YIELD RESPONSE; SYSTEM; MODELS AB A 3-year experiment was conducted to determine the optimum fertilizer N requirements of fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) 'Sunbeam' grown on a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) or black polyethylene mulch. In 1993 and 1994, four rates of fertilizer N (0, 56, 112, and 168 kg.ha(-1)) as water-soluble NH4NO3 were applied in 14 equal applications through the trickle irrigation system starting 1 week after planting. Four additional rates (224, 280, 336, and 392 kg.ha(-1)) were applied in 1995 to assess the plant response to supra-optimal levels of N. Hairy vetch produced 3.3-4.5 t.ha(-1) of aboveground biomass and a total N content of 126-169 kg.ha(-1) in the above-ground biomass. Leaf N content at 7 weeks after transplanting of tomatoes correlated positively with yield from black polyethylene but did not correlate with yield from the hairy vetch plots where leaf N content was optimal at all N rates. Predicted tomato yields were higher for the hairy vetch than for the black polyethylene treatment at all applied N rates in all years. Tomatoes grown in black polyethylene required N at 130 to 144 kg.ha(-1) to achieve yields equivalent to those grown following unfertilized hairy vetch. Tomato yield increased in response to applied N in both mulches in all 3 years; optimum N rates of 89 and 190 kg.ha(-1) in hairy vetch and black polyethylene, respectively, were predicted by a linear plateau model, and 124 and 295 kg.ha(-1) by a quadratic plateau model. The linear plateau model is recommended because it would allow less N to become available for runoff and leaching. C1 ARS,WEED SCI LAB,INST PLANT SCI,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP AbdulBaki, AA (reprint author), ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,INST PLANT SCI,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WX607 UT WOS:A1997WX60700012 ER PT J AU McGuire, RG AF McGuire, RG TI Market quality of guavas after hot-water quarantine treatment and application of carnauba wax coating SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Psidium guajava; Anastrepha suspensa; modified atmosphere storage ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE IMMATURES; MORTALITY; FILMS AB Immersion of guavas (Psidium guajava L.) for 35 min in water at 46.1+/-0.2 degrees C slowed softening, sweetening, and color development of fruit and delayed ripening by 2 days. Heat treatment also increased susceptibility to chilling injury, decay, and weight loss in storage, but overall loss of quality was minimal. Waxing fruit within 90 min of heat treatment exacerbated chilling injury, further delayed ripening with a concomitant increase in the percentage of fruit not ripening, and caused fruit to remain greener. Waxed fruit had a lower acidity and soluble solids concentration and did not appear to ripen normally. Although heating did not appreciably affect the percentage of fruit that failed to ripen, the combination of heating and nearly immediate waxing increased the proportion not ripening to 45%. Heat and wax treatments, alone or in combination, caused CO2 levels to increase significantly before the initiation of ripening, but waxing also reduced the O-2 content of fruit at this time. Before ripening, O-2 levels were inversely correlated (r less than or equal to-0.950) with injury, firmness, date and percentage of fruit ripening, and pH and directly correlated (r greater than or equal to 0.950) with peel color and the concentration of acids and sugars in the pulp. Delaying the waxing of heat-treated guavas or reconditioning them for 24 h at 20 degrees C before cold storage promoted normal ripening and helped to maintain the quality of heat-treated fruit. RP McGuire, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WX607 UT WOS:A1997WX60700027 ER PT J AU Miller, WR McDonald, RE AF Miller, WR McDonald, RE TI Comparative responses of preharvest GA-treated grapefruit to vapor heat and hot water treatment SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrus paradisi; quarantine treatment; market quality; postharvest handling; heat treatment; methyl bromide alternative ID QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; QUALITY AB 'Marsh' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) produced in Florida must be certified for security against unwanted pests before entry into some domestic and export markets. Application of heat by hot water (HW) has been shown to cause severe injury to grapefruit; however, direct comparisons between forced vapor heat (VH) and HW have been lacking. Grapefruit preharvest-treated with gibberellic acid (GA) or not treated, were postharvest-treated with VH or HW such that the surfaces of fruit were exposed to the same rate of temperature increases and treatment durations. Condition and quality attributes were then compared with ambient air (AA) and ambient mater (AW) controls after storage. After 4 weeks' storage at 10 degrees C plus 1 week at 20 degrees C, scald affected 5% of HW and 20% of VH-treated fruit. No scald developed on control fruit. At the end of storage, mass loss for HW and VH fruit was approximate to 5%. HW-treated fruit had a 5-fold higher incidence of aging than VH fruit; however, control fruit showed significantly more aging than all heat-treated fruit. Gibberellic acid (GA) and the heat treatments reduced decay relative to the control. GA-treated fruit remained greener during storage than control fruit. These findings indicate that VH and HW treatments at the temperatures and durations to control the Caribbean fruit fly (Anastrepha suspensa, Loew) will likely cause peel injury to 'Marsh' grapefruit produced in Florida, regardless of treatment with GA. RP Miller, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 275 EP 277 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WX607 UT WOS:A1997WX60700028 ER PT J AU Pooler, MR Scorza, R AF Pooler, MR Scorza, R TI Irradiation and heat affect peach pollen germination and fertility SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; haploid; monoploid ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; GENE-TRANSFER; NICOTIANA; APPLE AB Pollen from the doubled haploid peach [Prunus persica(L.) Batsch] 'Hall-D' was irradiated with 0, 290, 530, 820, 1000, 5000, or 9000 Gray (Gy) of gamma radiation, 113 mu W . cm(-2) of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, or exposed to 100 degrees C for 2 h. In vitro pollen germination percentages were recorded and pollen mas used to pollinate more than 10,000 emasculated or male-sterile peach flowers. Although pollen germination in vitro was stimulated by <1000 Gy of gamma irradiation, seed set following pollination was greatly reduced in all treatments. These results suggest that ion levels of irradiation are sufficient to render pollen infertile while still maintaining germination capacity. Such results may be useful for pollination-induced parthenogenetic egg division for the production of maternally derived haploids and for the production of interspecific hybrids. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 290 EP 291 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WX607 UT WOS:A1997WX60700033 ER PT J AU Hansen, OB Potter, JR AF Hansen, OB Potter, JR TI Rooting of apple, rhododendron, and mountain laurel cuttings from stock plants etiolated under two temperatures SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Kalmia; Malus rootstocks; propagation AB Dormant stock plants of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) rootstocks M.26 and Ottawa 3; Rhododendron 'Britannia', 'Purple Splendour', and 'Unknown Warrior'; and mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) 'Ostbo Red' and seedlings were forced to grow at 18 or 28 degrees C in continuous darkness or 14-h photoperiods. Etiolated shoots were then acclimated to light with or without aluminum fail wrapped around their bases to keep the bases etiolated. Shoots forced in diurnal light were neither etiolated nor wrapped and served as controls for the etiolation treatments. Compared to controls, wrapping etiolated stems improved rooting of M.26 (60% vs. 82%) and 'Ottawa 3' (81% vs. 97%) apple and of 'Britannia' (76% vs. 90%) and 'Unknown Warrior' (80% vs. 91%) rhododendron. Etiolation improved rooting percentage of 'Unknown Warrior' regardless of wrapping. Regardless of etiolation, forcing 'Ottawa 3' at 18 degrees C improved rooting percentage (92% vs. 74%)and roots per cutting (12 vs. 7) compared to forcing at 28 degrees C. Etiolated mountain laurel cuttings generally rooted best at 18 degrees C; control cuttings rooted best at 28 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 304 EP 306 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WX607 UT WOS:A1997WX60700037 ER PT J AU Dukes, PD Fery, RL Thies, JA AF Dukes, PD Fery, RL Thies, JA TI PA-136 cayenne pepper, an exceptional host for production of southern root-knot nematode inoculum SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; inoculum; soilborne pathogen; host resistance; obligate parasite C1 AGR RES SERV,US VEGETABLE LAB,USDA,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 335 EP 335 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WX607 UT WOS:A1997WX60700048 ER PT J AU Uri, ND AF Uri, ND TI The implications of energy and other input use for conservation tillage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE agriculture; energy use; environment; conservation tillage ID AGRICULTURE; DEMAND; ERROR AB An important issue with regard to the overall effectiveness of conservation tillage practices in reducing the impact of agricultural production on the environment concerns what happens to energy, pesticide and fertilizer use as these practices are more extensively adopted. To gain some insight into this, the conservation tillage adoption decision is modelled. Starting with the assumption that the conservation tillage adoption decision is a two step procedure - the first is the decision whether or not to adopt a conservation tillage production system and the second is the decision on the extent to which conservation tillage should be used - appropriate models of the Cragg and Heckman (dominance) type are estimated. Based on farm-level data on corn production in the United States for 1987, the profile of a farm on which conservation tillage was adopted is that the cropland had above average slope and experienced above average rainfall, the farm was a cash grain enterprise, and had an above average expenditure on pesticides, a below average expenditure on energy and a below average expenditure on custom pesticide applications. Additionally, for a farm adopting ano-tillage production practice, an above average expenditure was made on fertilizer. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Int. J. Energy Res., vol. 21, 429-446 (1997). RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DIV,SERV ECON RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 21 IS 5 BP 429 EP 446 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA WW380 UT WOS:A1997WW38000003 ER PT J AU King, AD AF King, AD TI Heat resistance of Talaromyces flavus ascospores as determined by a two phase slug flow heat exchanger SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Methods in Food Mycology CY JUN 25-30, 1994 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK DE ascospores; heat resistance; moulds; pasteurizer; Talaromyces flavus; thermal death AB Heat resistance of Talaromyces flavus was determined using two methods. Standard thermal death time vials were used to determine the heat resistance of T. flavus ascospores, from 80 to 90 degrees C with a decimal reduction time D-90 of 6.2 min. A continuous two-phase slug flow heat exchanger system with heating, holding and cooling sections was used to determine the heat resistance from 90 to 100 degrees C. Inoculated heating medium was pumped through 1.85 mm ID tubing in 'slugs' separated by air bubbles to interrupt laminar flow. Varying pump speed, length of tubing in the heating bath and temperature allowed collection of data under varied heating conditions. D-90 with the slug flow heat exchanger system was 6.4 min, indicating the two methods were comparable, z values were 6.7 and 6.4 degrees C, respectively. The slug flow heat exchanger system permits rapid determination of heat resistance over a range of temperatures. Because of minimum come-up time the slug flow heat exchanger can be used at temperatures near the upper limit of heat resistance for the microorganism being tested. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP King, AD (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 1 PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(96)01213-5 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA WR970 UT WOS:A1997WR97000007 ER PT J AU Gordon, SH Schudy, RB Wheeler, BC Wicklow, DT Greene, RV AF Gordon, SH Schudy, RB Wheeler, BC Wicklow, DT Greene, RV TI Identification of Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectral features for detection of Aspergillus flavus infection in corn SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Methods in Food Mycology CY JUN 25-30, 1994 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; corn; fungi; infrared detection; FTIR-photoacoustic spectroscopy ID FUNGAL GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY AB Aspergillus flavus and other pathogenic fungi display typical infrared spectra which differ significantly from spectra of substrate materials such as corn. On this basis, specific spectral features have been identified which permit detection of fungal infection on the surface of corn kernels by photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy. In a blind study, ten corn kernels showing bright greenish yellow fluorescence (BGYF) in the germ or endosperm and ten BGYF-negative kernels were correctly classified as infected or not infected by Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. Earlier studies have shown that BGYF-positive kernels contain the bulk of the aflatoxin contaminating grain at harvest. Ten major spectral features, identified by visual inspection of the photoacoustic spectra of A. flavus mycelium grown in culture versus uninfected corn, were interpreted and assigned by theoretical comparisons of the relative chemical compositions of fungi and corn. The spectral features can be built into either empirical or knowledge-based computer models (expert systems) for automatic infrared detection and segregation of grains or kernels containing aflatoxin from the food and feed supply. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 SYMBOL TECHNOL INC,CONCORD,MA 01742. UNIV ILLINOIS,BECKMAN INST,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Gordon, SH (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 1 PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(96)01217-2 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA WR970 UT WOS:A1997WR97000011 PM 9105926 ER PT J AU Golubeva, EG Raina, AK AF Golubeva, EG Raina, AK TI Axonal composition of esophageal nerve in the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea (boddie) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT MORPHOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE esophageal nerve; cobalt back-fill; neurosecretory cells ID COCKROACH PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; MANDUCA-SEXTA; NEUROSECRETORY-CELLS; FRONTAL GANGLION; TOBACCO HORNWORM; SYSTEM; NEURONS; BRAIN; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; IDENTIFICATION AB Using the cobalt back-filling technique, we investigated the axonal input to the esophageal nerve (EN) from the brain and subesophageal ganglion in the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa tea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Retrograde filling of the EN followed by silver intensification revealed axons originating from the protocerebral neurosecretory cells in groups M1 and M3, neurosecretory cells of the frontal ganglion and from maxillary and mandibular cells of the subesophageal ganglion. The EN may be acting as a potential release site for neurosecretion from these cells and should be considered as a constituent part of the retrocerebral complex in H. tea, and possibly in other species of moths. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST ANIM ECOL & EVOLUT,PROBLEMS BIOMETHOD LAB,MOSCOW 117071,RUSSIA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7322 J9 INT J INSECT MORPHOL JI Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00010-X PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YG344 UT WOS:A1997YG34400004 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Dally, EL Gundersen, DE Lee, IM Habili, N AF Davis, RE Dally, EL Gundersen, DE Lee, IM Habili, N TI ''Candidatus phytoplasma australiense,'' a new phytoplasma taxon associated with Australian grapevine yellows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; FLAVESCENCE-DOREE; 16S RDNA; ASTER YELLOWS; CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE; PLANT; SEQUENCE; MLO; IDENTIFICATION AB A phytoplasma was detected in naturally diseased 'Chardonnay' grapevines exhibiting symptoms of Australian grapevine yellows disease. The use of PCR designed to amplify phytoplasma DNA resulted in detection of phytoplasma DNA in all of the diseased plants examined; no phytoplasma DNA was detected in healthy seedling grapevines. The collective restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of amplified 16S ribosomal DNA differed from the patterns described previously for other phytoplasmas. On the basis of the RFLP patterns, Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma was classified as a representative of a nem subgroup, designated subgroup 16SrI-J, in phytoplasma 16S rRNA group 16SrI. (aster yellows and related phytoplasmas). A phylogenetic analysis in which parsimony of 16S rRNA gene sequences from this and other group 16SrI phytoplasmas was used identified the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma as a member of a distinct subclade (subclade xii) in the phytoplasma clade of the class Mollicutes. A phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences was consistent with the hypothesis that there was divergent evolution of Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma and its closet known relative, European stolbur phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrI-G), from a common ancestor. The unique properties of the DNA from the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma clearly establish that it represents a new taxon, ''Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense.'' C1 CSIRO,DIV HORT,MERBEIN LABS,MERBEIN,VIC 3505,AUSTRALIA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,MOL PLANT PATHOL LAB,BARC W,BLDG 011A,RM 252,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 48 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 262 EP 269 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WT568 UT WOS:A1997WT56800004 PM 9103609 ER PT J AU Shida, O Takagi, H Kadowaki, K Nakamura, LK Komagata, K AF Shida, O Takagi, H Kadowaki, K Nakamura, LK Komagata, K TI Transfer of Bacillus alginolyticus, Bacillus chondroitinus, Bacillus curdlanolyticus, Bacillus glucanolyticus, Bacillus kobensis, and Bacillus thiaminolyticus to the genus Paenibacillus and emended description of the genus Paenibacillus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GROUP; SP-NOV; CELL-WALL; SEQUENCES; PROPOSAL; ACID; RDNA; PHYLOGENY; CREATION; MEMBERS AB We determined the taxonomic status of six Bacillus species (Bacillus alginolyticus, Bacillus chondroitinus, Bacillus curdlanolytials, Bacillus glucanolyticus, Bacillus kobensis, and Bacillus thiaminolyticus) by using the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence and cellular fatty acid composition analyses. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these species closely with the Paenibacillus species. Like the Paenibacillus species, the six Bacillus species contained anteiso-C-15:0 fatty acid as a major cellular fatty acid. The use of a specific PCR primer designed for differentiating the genus Paenibacillus from other members of the Bacillaceae showed that the six Bacillus species had the same amplified 16S rRNA gene fragment as members of the genus Paenibacillus. Based on these observations and other taxonomic characteristics, the six Bacillus species were transferred to the genus Paenibacillus. In addition, we propose emendation of the genus Paenibacillus. C1 TOKYO UNIV AGR, FAC AGR, DEPT AGR CHEM, SETAGAYA KU, TOKYO 156, JAPAN. USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP Shida, O (reprint author), HIGETA SHOYU CO LTD, RES LAB, 2-8 CHUO CHO, CHIBA 288, JAPAN. NR 36 TC 290 Z9 292 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WT568 UT WOS:A1997WT56800008 PM 9103612 ER PT J AU Shida, O Takagi, H Kadowaki, K Nakamura, LK Komagata, K AF Shida, O Takagi, H Kadowaki, K Nakamura, LK Komagata, K TI Emended description of Paenibacillus amylolyticus and description of Paenibacillus illinoisensis sp nov and Paenibacillus chibensis sp nov SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULANS JORDAN 1890; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; BACILLUS; RELATEDNESS; STRAINS AB The taxonomic position of unidentified group 6 of Bacillus circulans as described by Nakamura and Swezey (L. K. Nakamura and J. Swezey, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 33:46-52, 1983) was determined, and the taxonomy of Paenibacillus amylolyticus was reexamined, The results of PCR amplification of a 16S rRNA gene fragment with a specific primer and comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences warranted placing the two taxa in the genus Paenibacillus, The levels of DNA reassociation among the strains revealed four groups (designated groups I, II, III, and 6), each with a high level of intragroup relatedness (>72%). Clustering based on phenotypic characteristics correlated well with DNA relatedness grouping, P. amylolyticus strains were scattered in groups I, II, and III. Strains labeled the type strain of P. amylolyticus from different culture collections appeared in groups I and III, Strains found in group I were identified as P. amylolyticus sensu stricto, and the one strain found in group III was identified as Paenibacillus lautus, Group 6 encompassed strains formerly assigned to B. circulans group 6, and group II contained other strains identified as P. amylolyticus. Groups 6 and II were phenotypically and genetically distinct taxa that were distinguishable from the previously described species. These findings showed that groups 6 and II were new species, for which we propose the names Paenibacillus illinoisensis and Paenibacillus chibensis, respectively. C1 TOKYO UNIV AGR, FAC AGR, DEPT AGR CHEM, SETAGAYA KU, TOKYO 156, JAPAN. USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP Shida, O (reprint author), HIGETA SHOYU CO LTD, RES LAB, 2-8 CHUO CHO, CHOSHI, CHIBA 288, JAPAN. NR 21 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 299 EP 306 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WT568 UT WOS:A1997WT56800009 PM 9103613 ER PT J AU Phaff, HJ Blue, J Hagler, AN Kurtzman, CP AF Phaff, HJ Blue, J Hagler, AN Kurtzman, CP TI Dipodascus starmeri sp nov, a new species of yeast occurring in cactus necroses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPUNTIA; TISSUE AB In a previous publication describing the geographic distribution of yeasts associated with cactus necroses (W. T. Starmer, M.-A. Lachance, H. J. Phaff, and W. B. Heed, Evol. Biol. 24:253-296, 1990), 127 isolates were identified as strains of Candida ingens van der Walt et van Kerken on the basis of morphology and certain phenotypic characteristics. Here we show by using DNA hybridization and additional phenotypic properties that these strains were misidentified and that they represent a minimum of three separate species that can be differentiated from C. ingens and from each other by utilization of 2-propanol or acetone, sensitivity to digitonin, utilization of L-lysine as a sole nitrogen source, vitamin dependence, NaCl tolerance, lipolytic activity, and habitat, One of the new species is haploid and heterothallic, and its teleomorph represents the genus Dipodascus. We describe Dipodascus starmeri sp, nov. The phylogenetic relationship of D. starmeri with other members of the genus Dipodascus and its anamorph, the genus Geotrichum, was estimated from ribosomal DNA nucleotide sequence divergence, The type strain, a heterothallic haploid isolate, is UCD-FST 72-316 (= CBS 780.96 = ATCC 200546 = NRRL Y-17816), The complementary mating type is UCD-FST 81-513.3 (= CBS 781.96 = ATCC 200547 = NRRL Y-17817). C1 FED UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Phaff, HJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WT568 UT WOS:A1997WT56800010 PM 9103614 ER PT J AU Konai, M Whitcomb, RF French, FE Tully, JG Rose, DL Carle, P Bove, JM Hackett, KJ Henegar, RB Clark, TB Williamson, DL AF Konai, M Whitcomb, RF French, FE Tully, JG Rose, DL Carle, P Bove, JM Hackett, KJ Henegar, RB Clark, TB Williamson, DL TI Spiroplasma litorale sp nov, from tabanid flies (Tabanidae: Diptera) in the southeastern United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS SPIROPLASMA; CLASS MOLLICUTES; DEFORMATION AB Spiroplasma strain TN-1(T) (T = type strain), a strain serologically distinct from other spiroplasma species, groups, and subgroups, was isolated from the gut of a horsefly (Tabanus nigrovittatus) from a barrier island off the coast of North Carolina, Related strains were isolated from other Tabanus spp., T atratus, T. americanus, T. gladiator, T. lineola, T. sulcifrons, and T.zythicolor, from coastal Georgia, Cells of strain TN-1(T) in culture were helical and motile with an average of 5 to 10 helical turns per cell. Electron microscopic studies determined that the cells of strain TN-1(T) were surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane, and there was no evidence of a cell wall, The spiroplasma grew well in M1D and SP-4 liquid media, Serum fraction (1%) medium and conventional horse serum medium also supported growth of strain TN-1(T). Fried-egg colonies were not produced; instead, the strain produced small diffuse colonies that were surrounded by satellite growth. The optimum temperature for growth was 32 degrees C, but multiplication was observed at temperatures from 10 to 41 degrees C. The doubling time at the optimum temperature (32 degrees C) was 1.6 h. No growth was observed at 5 or 43 degrees C. Spiroplasma strain TN-1(T) passed through 220-nm filter pores but failed to pass through 100-nm filter pores, Strain TN-1(T) catabolized glucose but hydrolyzed neither arginine nor urea, The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was about 25 +/- 1 mol%, and the genome size was 1,370 kbp, Based on results from this study and previously published data, strain TN-1(T) (= ATCC 43211) (group XVIII) is designated the type strain of a new spiroplasma species, Spiroplasma litorale. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BARCW,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. NIAID,MYCOPLASMA SECT,MOL MICROBIOL LAB,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,FREDERICK,MD 21702. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOL LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 359 EP 362 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WT568 UT WOS:A1997WT56800018 ER PT J AU Everett, KDE Andersen, AA AF Everett, KDE Andersen, AA TI The ribosomal intergenic spacer and domain I of the 23S rRNA gene are phylogenetic markers for Chlamydia spp. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID OUTER-MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; SP STRAIN TWAR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PSITTACI STRAINS; PHASCOLARCTOS-CINEREUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SP-NOV; DNA; TRACHOMATIS AB Current methods used to classify Chlamydia strains, including biological, morphological, and DNA hybridization techniques and major outer membrane protein (omp1) gene analysis, can be imprecise or difficult to perform, To facilitate classification, 2.8-kb partial ribosomal DNA (rDNA) segments from a Chlamydia trachomatis strain and a Chlamydia psittaci strain were amplified by PCR and sequenced, Subsequently, a 1,320-bp region in this segment, including both the 16S/23S intergenic spacer (232 +/- 11 bp) and domain I (620 +/- 2 bp) of the 23S gene, was sequenced from 41 additional strains and from the chlamydia-like organisms Simkania sp, strains ''Z'' and ''Z1.'' When both parsimony and distance analyses were performed, these sequences were found to have variable regions that grouped the isolates into two lineages (C, trachomatis and nan-C. trachomatis) and nine distinct genotypic groups, The C, trachomatis lineage included human, swine, and mouse-hamster groups, The non-C. trachomatis lineage included Chlamydia pecorum, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and C, psittaci abortion, avian, feline, and guinea pig groups, These nine groups were essentially equidistant from the genetic root and were congruent with groups identified previously by using DNA-DNA homology, genomic restriction endonuclease analysis, host specificity, tissue specificity, and/or disease production, Phylogenetic trees based on the intergenic spacer or on domain I were congruent with trees previously derived from omp1 sequences, DNA sequence analysis of either the intergenic spacer or domain I provides a rapid and reproducible method for identifying, grouping, and classifying chlamydial strains. RP Everett, KDE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN & SWINE RESP DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 102 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 461 EP 473 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WT568 UT WOS:A1997WT56800034 PM 9103637 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Pepperman, AB Clarke, MA AF Eggleston, G Pepperman, AB Clarke, MA TI Degradation of sucrose across the TALO(TM) clarification process SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Conference on Sugar Processing Research CY 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP SPRI AB Sucrose chemical losses and the formation of degradation products across a cane sugar refinery's TALO(TM) clarification process were investigated, Hourly samples of sweet water and melt, reaction tank and clarified liquors were obtained over four different 7 hour periods, each separated by a week, An accurate carbohydrate analysis technique (IC-IPAD), was used to monitor sucrose levels, the formation and destruction of glucose and fructose and the formation of oligosaccharides across the process, Conventional refinery measurements for monitoring sucrose losses, i.e. pol (at 589 and 880 nm), colour and pH were compared, Very high correlations between polarizations at 589 and 880 nm existed for the sweet water, melt and clarified liquor samples, whereas the correlation for the reaction tank liquors was lower, indicating that high turbidity interferes with pol 880 nm measurements. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), SRRC,USDA ARS,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI WEST GLAMORGAN PA PO BOX 26N ST PORT TALBOT, WEST GLAMORGAN SA13 1NX, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD APR PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1180 BP 178 EP & PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA XA119 UT WOS:A1997XA11900008 ER PT J AU Purcell, JS Hergenroeder, AC Kozinetz, C Smith, EO Hill, RB AF Purcell, JS Hergenroeder, AC Kozinetz, C Smith, EO Hill, RB TI Interviewing techniques with adolescents in primary care SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescent; confidentiality; interviewing; primary care; counseling; physician gender ID HEALTH-CARE; CONFIDENTIALITY; ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE AB Purpose: Privacy is of utmost concern to adolescents seeking advice regarding life-style and behavior choices. Lack of privacy and confidential health services are barriers to adolescents' access to health care. This study describes primary care physicians' practices with regard to inviting parent(s) to leave the room in order to interview the teen alone, and the factors associated with use of this technique. Method: A cross-sectional random survey of 1,630 pediatricians, internists, and family practitioners in a large metropolitan area was performed using a confidential mailed questionnaire. Results: The majority of the physicians were in private practice, male, board certified, Caucasian, and did not have a subspecialty. Forty-nine percent of the respondents ''almost always'' or ''always'' invite parent(s) to leave the room in order to interview the teen alone. Physicians who were female, board certified, and completed residency from 1974-94 were most likely to use this technique. Among physicians who frequently employ this strategy, the decision to interview the teen alone varied according to the clinical scenario. Using logistic regression analysis, only gender and board certification were significantly related to use of this interviewing method. Conclusion: A large proportion of physicians do not interview their adolescent patients alone, therefore, not affording them privacy to discuss confidential health concerns. Future research should focus on developing and validating methods to teach physicians skills to interview adolescents privately. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1997. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ADOLESCENT MED & SPORTS MED SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,ACAD GEN PEDIAT SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD APR PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(96)00284-4 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA WT427 UT WOS:A1997WT42700009 PM 9098734 ER PT J AU Schmidt, WF Hapeman, CJ Fettinger, JC Rice, CP Bilboulian, S AF Schmidt, WF Hapeman, CJ Fettinger, JC Rice, CP Bilboulian, S TI Structure and asymmetry in the isomeric conversion of beta- to alpha-endosulfan SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha- and beta-endosulfan; conformation; X-ray crystallography; intramolecular conversion; NMR spectroscopy ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; CONFORMATIONS; CYCLOHEPTANE; DEGRADATION; DEPOSITION; DIELDRIN C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Schmidt, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES INST,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1023 EP 1026 DI 10.1021/jf970020t PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WU773 UT WOS:A1997WU77300001 ER PT J AU Musser, SM Plattner, RD AF Musser, SM Plattner, RD TI Fumonisin composition in cultures of Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium proliferatum, and Fusarium nygami SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisins; mass spectrometry; analysis ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; MYCOTOXINS; CORN; B-1; TOXICITY; FOODS; FEEDS; RATS AB Total fumonisin composition of 22 cultures of Fusaria was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. All cultures contained primarily FB1-3 and FA(1-2) With little or no variation in the relative percentage of each. In addition to the five principal fumonisins, seven other fumonisins were identified in all cultures; however their concentrations never exceeded 10% relative to FB1. Of the 22 cultures surveyed, 5 produced low levels (<2 mol %) of the P series of fumonisins and 5 cultures produced high levels of the P series. In cultures producing high levels of FP1, levels ranged from 20 to 35 mol % of the FB1 produced by the culture. High-level production of the P series of fumonisins in culture was found to require anaerobic conditions. In cultures grown aerobically, the level of FP1 never reached more than 2-4% of the FB1; however cultures grown anaerobically produced levels of 20-35% of FB1. C1 USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP Musser, SM (reprint author), US FDA, INSTRUMENTAT & BIOPHYS BRANCH, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, HFS-717, 200 C ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. NR 30 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1169 EP 1173 DI 10.1021/jf960663t PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WU773 UT WOS:A1997WU77300025 ER PT J AU Goli, DM Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM AF Goli, DM Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM TI Supercritical fluid extraction from soil and HPLC analysis of cyanazine herbicide SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SFE; cyanazine; metabolites; HPLC; TLC ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; COMPLEX MATRICES; EFFICIENCY; SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; DEGRADATION; METABOLITES; ATRAZINE AB Efficacy of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for the recovery of cyanazine (2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile) from soil was investigated. A reverse-phase HPLC method and a TLC method were developed for quantitative separation of cyanazine from its seven metabolites. Dundee silty clay loam soil treated with C-14-ring-labeled and nonlabeled cyanazine was used. Several SFE parameters were optimized for maximum recovery of cyanazine. Methanol/water (1:1) added directly to the soil matrix was the most efficient modifier. Extraction with supercritical CO2 at a flow rate of 3.0 mL min(-1), a density of 0.90 g mL(-1), and an extraction temperature of 50 degrees C was optimal. With 6 and 20 min static and dynamic extraction times, respectively, cyanazine could be extracted from soil in 40-45 min. With a considerable savings in time and lower waste solvent generation, recoveries (>90%) very similar to conventional extraction procedures could be obtained. Extraction of some of the cyanazine metabolites from soil, under the conditions optimized for cyanazine, was also investigated. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1244 EP 1250 DI 10.1021/jf960397j PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WU773 UT WOS:A1997WU77300038 ER PT J AU Buttery, RG Ling, LC AF Buttery, RG Ling, LC TI 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone in corn products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone; furaneol; sweet corn; tortilla chips; identification; concentration; dynamic headspace; sodium sulfate ID FURANEOL; FLAVOR; POPCORN AB 2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DHF) was identified (GC-MS) in canned, frozen (cooked), and fresh (cooked) sweet corn. It was also identified in corn tortilla chips and taco shells. The concentration of DHF was higher in canned (170-270 mu g/kg) than in fresh (19 mu g/kg) or frozen (27 mu g/kg) sweet corn. Moderate concentrations of DHF occurred in tortilla chips (260 mu g/kg) and taco shells (80 mu g/kg). The DHF was isolated using a dynamic headspace method with anhydrous sodium sulfate blended with the corn products to remove water. DHF occurred at a concentration on the order of 5-10 times its odor threshold (in water) in the canned sweet corns and tortilla chips and also above this threshold in taco shells. RP Buttery, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1306 EP 1308 DI 10.1021/jf960940w PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WU773 UT WOS:A1997WU77300049 ER PT J AU Nigg, HN Strandberg, JO Beier, RC Petersen, HD Harrison, JM AF Nigg, HN Strandberg, JO Beier, RC Petersen, HD Harrison, JM TI Furanocoumarins in Florida celery varieties increased by fungicide treatment SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Apium graveolens; plant breeding; induction; fungicide; allelochemical; phototoxin; dermatitis; maneb; chlorothalonil; cupric hydroxide; phytoalexin; food safety ID LINEAR FURANOCOUMARINS; APIUM-GRAVEOLENS; FUROCOUMARINS; DERMATITIS; PSORALENS; CHEMISTRY; COUMARINS; PATTERNS; WORKERS AB Florida celery cultivars Florida 2-14, Florimart, M9, Florida 296, M68, and Junebelle contained total psoralen + bergapten + xanthotoxin + isopimpinellin ranging from about 12 to 50 mu g/g. Treatment of the commercial Florida cultivar 2-14 with Brave 500, Manzate-D, or Kocide 101 fungicides increased bergapten 2-4 times in leaves and stalk, xanthotoxin 2-3 times in stalk, and isopimpinellin about 2-3 times in leaves but did not increase psoralen levels. These increases represent increased calculated biological activity toward human skin. This is the first report of fungicide induction of furanocoumarins in celery. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,CENT FLORIDA RES & EDUC CTR,SANFORD,FL 32771. USDA ARS,SPA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. USDA ARS,SPA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT STAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Nigg, HN (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,IFAS,700 EXPT STN RD,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850, USA. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1430 EP 1436 DI 10.1021/jf960537p PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WU773 UT WOS:A1997WU77300072 ER PT J AU Cox, L Koskinen, WC Yen, PY AF Cox, L Koskinen, WC Yen, PY TI Sorption-desorption of imidacloprid and its metabolites in soils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE imidacloprid; metabolites; sorption; desorption; hysteresis ID INSECTICIDE AB Sorption-desorption of imidacloprid [1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine] and metabolites 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-imidazolidinone (imidacloprid-urea), 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine (imidacloprid-guanidine), and 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1H-imidazol-2-amine (imidacloprid-guanidine-olefin) in three soils was determined using the batch equilibration technique with initial concentrations for the four chemicals ranging from 0.05 to 1.5 mu g mL(-1), which corresponds to a field application rate of 0.2-1.0 kg ha(-1) Calculated slopes of the Freundlich sorption isotherms were significantly less than 1. The order of sorption (K-f) was imidacloprid-guanidine > imidacloprid-guanidine-olefin > imidacloprid > imidacloprid-urea in the three soils. Average Kf-oc values were 203, 412, 2740, and 3200 for imidacloprid-urea, imidacloprid, imidacloprid-guanidine-olefin, and imidacloprid-guanidine, respectively. Desorption was hysteretic for all chemicals in all soils. Greatest hysteresis was observed with imidacloprid-guanidine and imidacloprid-guanidine-olefin. Sorption-desorption of imidacloprid determined at half the solubility (250 mu g mL(-1)) (K-oc = 77) greatly overpredicts potential leaching compared to K-oc determined at field application rates (Kf-oc = 411). C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. BAYER CORP,STILWELL,KS 66088. RI COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015; OI , LUCIA/0000-0003-2113-4780 NR 15 TC 125 Z9 143 U1 5 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1468 EP 1472 DI 10.1021/jf960514a PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WU773 UT WOS:A1997WU77300078 ER PT J AU Hennessey, MK AF Hennessey, MK TI Predation on wandering larvae and pupae of Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in guava and carambola grove soils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tephritidae; Anastrepha suspensa; predation ID HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; DERMAPTERA AB Laboratory-reared Caribbean fruit fly (Anastrepha suspensa [Loew]) larvae in the wandering period of the last instar were released singly onto the soil surface in guava (Psidium guajava L.) and carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) groves in Florida. Crawling, burrowing, and interactions with predators on the soil surface before burrowing were observed. Four days after release, pupae were excavated from the soil and returned to the laboratory for rearing. Depth of pupation in all soils ranged from 0-27 mm. Four species of ants were observed attacking wandering larvae. Adult emergence of pupae recovered from all groves ranged from 0%-98%. Wireworm larvae, Conoderus sp., were observed eating pupae in the field. In the laboratory, the earwig Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) ate wandering larvae and pupae. RP Hennessey, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 14 IS 2 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA WX980 UT WOS:A1997WX98000003 ER PT J AU Thomas, PE Marco, S Reisenhauer, G AF Thomas, PE Marco, S Reisenhauer, G TI Effect of marking aphids with fluorescent powders on virus vectoring activities SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Myzus persicae; Aphis gossypii; Aphis fabae; Aphis craccivora; potato leafroll virus; fluorescent powder; epidemiology; labeling; fecundity; color preference ID FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; POTATO VIRUSES; SELF-MARKING; COLEOPTERA; SURVIVAL AB Studies were conducted to determine whether marking aphids with fluorescent powders would affect aphid processes and activities that could influence their role in the epidemiology of virus diseases. Aphids were dusted with fluorescent powders while they infested source plants. The powders readily adhered to the exoskeltons of four aphid species: Myzus persicae Sulzer (green peach aphid), Aphis gossypii Glover (cotton aphid), Aphis fabae Scopoli (bean aphid), and Aphis craccivora Koch (cowpea aphid). The dusted aphids then were easily identified at a later date by their fluorescent glow under ultraviolet light. The powders had no perceptible effect on plants or on the dispersal behavior of the green peach aphid. In flight chambers, about the same percentage of labeled and unlabeled green peach aphid alatae took flight, and their preference for white, yellow, or gray at landing was not affected as compared with unmarked aphids from the same population. Marking green peach aphid apterae did not affect aphid fecundity, longevity, movement to and among plants, or capacity to acquire and transmit potato leafroll virus. The powders were rinsed from plants after 3 h of sprinkler irrigation but not from aphids. We conclude that marking aphids with fluorescent powders could be a suitable method to trace dispersal patterns of both alate and apterous aphids and could be useful as a tool for elucidating the epidemiology and control of aphidborne virus diseases. C1 VOLCANI RES CTR,BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP Thomas, PE (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,USDA,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 14 IS 2 BP 187 EP 198 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA WX980 UT WOS:A1997WX98000009 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Garris, GI Oehler, DD AF Miller, JA Garris, GI Oehler, DD TI Control of lone star ticks on cattle with ivermectin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; lone star ticks; ivermectin; systemic acaricide; tick control; cattle ID SUSTAINED-RELEASE BOLUS; IXODIDAE; ACARI; EFFICACY; MK-933 AB Pastured cattle were treated twice weekly with ivermectin either at 200 mu g/kg oral or 40 mu g/kg by injection. The numbers of lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), on the treated and the untreated groups within a single herd were observed for 4 wk. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the number of unengorged, small (4-6 mm), and medium (6-8 mm) female lone star ticks on the untreated control compared with those treated orally. However, cattle receiving the oral treatment had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer large (8 mm) females than the untreated cattle. Significantly (P < 0.05) fewer small, medium, and large female ticks were found on the injected cattle compared with the untreated controls. Interestingly, there were significantly (P < 0.05) more unengorged females on the animals treated by injection than on those treated orally or left untreated. Animals treated orally had 4-6 ppb ivermectin in their blood serum whereas those treated by injection had 13-15 ppb. C1 APHIS,USDA,VET SERV,NATL CTR IMPORT EXPORT,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LA,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 14 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA WX980 UT WOS:A1997WX98000010 ER PT J AU Brown, MA Brown, AH Jackson, WG Miesner, JR AF Brown, MA Brown, AH Jackson, WG Miesner, JR TI Genotype x environment interactions in Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal cross cows and their calves grazing common bermudagrass and endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genotypes; environment; beef cattle; forage; heterosis ID INTERACTIONS INVOLVING PROPORTION; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; MATERNAL PERFORMANCE; PREWEANING TRAITS; BEEF-CATTLE; BIRTH; HETEROSIS; HEREFORD; SEASON; GROWTH AB Reproductive and preweaning data on 233 Angus (A), Brahman (B), and reciprocal-cross cows (AB, BA) and 455 two- and three-breed cross calves managed on common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue were used to evaluate the interaction of forage type with individual and maternal heterosis and maternal and grandmaternal breed effects. Cows were born from 1988 to 1991 and calves from 15 Polled Hereford sires were born from 1991 to 1994. Heterosis for calving rate was similar and important on both forages (P < .01), but maternal effects were small on each forage. Maternal heterosis for birth weight differed between common bermudagrass and tall fescue (P < .10) and grandmaternal effects were evident on bermudagrass (P < .05) but not tall fescue. Forage effects were generally substantial for 205-d weight, weaning hip height, and weaning weight:height ratio (P < .01), and maternal heterosis for these traits was larger on tall fescue than on common bermudagrass (P < .01). Grandmaternal effects were in favor of Angus for 205-d weight, hip height, and weight:height ratio on common bermudagrass (P < .05) but not on tall fescue. Heterosis for 205-d weight per cow exposed was substantial on both forages (P < .01) and was numerically larger on tall fescue than on bermudagrass, but maternal effects were not significant. These results suggest more advantage for Brahman-cross cows over purebreds on endophyte-infected tall fescue than a similar comparison on common bermudagrass. They also suggest an advantage for Angus in grandmaternal effects on bermudagrass but not tall fescue. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP Brown, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 4 BP 920 EP 925 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WU205 UT WOS:A1997WU20500006 PM 9110202 ER PT J AU Humes, KS Kustas, WP Goodrich, DC AF Humes, KS Kustas, WP Goodrich, DC TI Spatially distributed sensible heat flux over a semiarid watershed .1. Use of radiometric surface temperatures and a spatially uniform resistance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY BALANCE; REGIONAL SCALES; RANGELANDS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VARIABILITY; AIRCRAFT; LASER AB Spatially distributed radiometric surface temperatures over a semiarid watershed were computed using remotely sensed data acquired with an aircraft-based multispectral scanner during the Monsoon '90 Large Scale Field Experiment. The multispectral scanner data provide watershed coverage of surface temperature at a resolution of 6.3 m and nearly daily temporal resolution. At high spatial resolution, the surface temperature values appear to be correlated strongly with surface aspect; at more coarse spatial resolution, the surface temperatures variations across the watershed appear to be correlated with background soil moisture variations caused by highly localized precipitation events. The surface temperature data were aggregated to 400-m spatial resolution for the purpose of computing spatially distributed sensible heat fluxes over the watershed. The practicality of using a spatially uniform transfer coefficient was evaluated by examining the variability of surface and meteorological factors across the watershed at the times of the aircraft overpasses. Maps of sensible heat flux over the area were computed for three aircraft overpass dates and compared to localized patterns of recent precipitation in the basin. Maps of instantaneous sensible heat flux tracked well with the spatial patterns of variable surface soil moisture that arose from the localized precipitation events. C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,NAT RESOURCES INST,BELTSVILLE,MD. USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ. RP Humes, KS (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT GEOG,SEC ROOM 684,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0281:SDSHFO>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WV594 UT WOS:A1997WV59400001 ER PT J AU Kustas, WP Humes, KS AF Kustas, WP Humes, KS TI Spatially distributed sensible heat flux over a semiarid watershed .2. Use of a variable resistance approach with radiometric surface temperatures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY BALANCE COMPONENTS; SOIL-MOISTURE CONDITIONS; HETEROGENEOUS TERRAIN; REGIONAL SCALES; CANOPY COVER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RANGELANDS; LAYER; FIELD; AIRCRAFT AB Radiometric surface temperature images from aircraft observations over the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, a semiarid rangeland watershed, were used with ground-based meteorological data at a reference site for extrapolating estimates of surface sensible heat flux across the basin. Two approaches were used. One method assumed that the resistance to heat transport and other meteorological data at a reference site were constant over the watershed. This resulted in a simple scheme (constant resistance approach) for computing spatially distributed sensible heat flux since the variation in sensible heat flux was directly proportional to surface temperature differences from the reference site. The second approach (the variable resistance approach) used spatially distributed estimates of the surface roughness for momentum and heat, as well as air temperature and wind speed. The sensible heat flux values derived by both techniques were compared to measurements made at several other locations in the watershed for three different days. The environmental conditions for these days ranged from uniformly dry surface soil moisture to variably wet conditions caused by several high intensity and spatially variable rainfall events. Comparisons between these two schemes with observations indicated that the more detailed method of accounting for changes in surface roughness over the basin gave significantly better agreement than the simpler scheme. The average percentage of difference with measured values was 30% for the constant resistance approach compared to approximately 20% for the variable resistance method. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT GEOG,NORMAN,OK. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 007 BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0293:SDSHFO>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WV594 UT WOS:A1997WV59400002 ER PT J AU Flerchinger, GN Pierson, FB AF Flerchinger, GN Pierson, FB TI Modelling plant canopy effects on variability of soil temperature and water: Model calibration and validation SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE simulation; SHAW model; evapo-transpiration; leaf water potential; sensitivity analysis ID ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; WYOMINGENSIS; CROP AB Temperature conditions and the availability of moisture in the near-surface soil environment drives many important plant and other biological processes. Vegetation, which can be controlled by management, affects the spatial and temporal variability of heat and water in the soil. Land managers need to address the interactions between physical, chemical and biological factors in the near surface, but lack the necessary information. The ability to predict temperature and water within the soil-plant-atmosphere system enhances our ability to evaluate management options and enables better understanding of interactions between surface processes and the atmosphere. The Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) Model, a detailed model of heat and water movement in a plant-snow-residue-soil system, was applied to 2 full years of data on semi-arid sagebrush rangeland to simulate vegetation effects on the spatial and temporal variation of soil temperature and water. Minor calibration was necessary to match the drop in measured soil water potential as the soil dried in the late spring and early summer. The model accounted for over 93% of the variation in average daily soil temperature for a sagebrush-covered area and over 96% of the variation in temperature for a bare soil surface for 2 years. Rapid changes in surface water potential and drying of the soil profile as simulated by the model closely tracked measured observations. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 641 EP 653 DI 10.1006/jare.1995.0167 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WU822 UT WOS:A1997WU82200005 ER PT J AU Rahman, MM GuardPetter, J Carlson, RW AF Rahman, MM GuardPetter, J Carlson, RW TI A virulent isolate of Salmonella enteritidis produces a Salmonella typhi-like lipopolysaccharide SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; SMOOTH; ELECTROPHORESIS; TYPHIMURIUM; EGGS AB The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Salmonella enteritidis has been implicated as a virulence factor of this organism. Therefore, the LPS from a stable virulent isolate, SE6-E21, was compared with that from an avirulent isolate, SE6-E5. The LPSs were extracted, and the high-molecular-weight (HMW) LPS was separated from the low-molecular-weight (LMW) LPS for both isolates, Both the HMW and LMW LPSs were characterized by glycosyl composition and linkage analyses, Immunochemical characterization was performed by Western blotting using factor 9 antiserum and using S. typhimurium antiserum which contains factors 1, 4, 5, and 12(2). In addition, the polysaccharides released by mild acid hydrolysis were isolated and subjected to hydrolysis by bacteriophage P22, which contains endorhamnosidase activity, The resulting oligosaccharides were purified by using Bio-Gel P4 gel permeation chromatography and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), tandem MS-MS, and matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight MS, The results show that the HMW LPS O-antigen polysaccharides from both isolates are comprised of two different repeating units, -[-->2)-[alpha-Tyvp-(1-->3)]beta-D-Manp-(1-->4)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->]- (structure I) and [-->2)- [alpha-Tyvp-(1-->3)]beta-D-Manp-(1-->4)-alpha--L-Rhap-(1-->3)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)]alpha-D-Galp-(1-->]- (structure II), The LMW LPSs from both isolates contains truncated O-antigen polysaccharide which is comprised of only structure I, In the virulent SE6-E21 isolate, the HMW LPS has a structure I/II ratio of 1:1, while in the avirulent SE6-E5 isolate, this ratio is 7:1. While the 7:1 ratio represents the published level of glucosylation for S. enteritidis LPS as well as for S. enteritidis LPS purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., the 1:1 ratio found for the virulent SE6-E21 is identical to the high level of glucosylation reported for S. typhi LPS, Thus, the LPS from the virulent SE6-E21 isolate produces an S. typhi-like LPS, Furthermore, the amount of O-antigen polysaccharide in SE6-E21 was twice that in SE6-E5. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,USDA,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 179 IS 7 BP 2126 EP 2131 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WQ863 UT WOS:A1997WQ86300005 PM 9079895 ER PT J AU Rich, JJ Willis, DK AF Rich, JJ Willis, DK TI Multiple loci of Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae are involved in pathogenicity on bean: Restoration of one lesion-deficient mutant requires two tRNA genes SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLI RNA-POLYMERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SYRINGOMYCIN PRODUCTION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; LEMA GENE; SYRB-GENE; PLANT PATHOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; FLUORESCENS; TABTOXIN AB A mutational analysis of lesion-forming ability was undertaken in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a, causal agent of bacterial bro cvn spot disease of bean. Following a screen of 6,401 Tn5-containing derivatives of B728a on bean pods, 26 strains that did not form disease lesions were identified. Nine of the mutant strains were defective in the ability to elicit the hypersensitive reaction (HR) and were shown to contain Tn5 insertions within the P. syringae pv. syringae hrp region. Ten HR(+) mutants were defective in the production of the toxin syringomycin, and a region of the chromosome implicated in the biosynthesis of syringomycin was deleted in a subset of these mutants. The remaining seven lesion-defective mutants retained the ability to produce protease and syringomycin. Marker exchange mutagenesis confirmed that the Tn5 insertion was causal to the mutant phenotype in several lesion-defective, HR(+) strains. KW239, a lesion- and syringomycin-deficient mutant, was characterized at the molecular level. Sequence analysis of the chromosomal region flanking the Tn5 within KW239 revealed strong similarities to a number of known Escherichia coli gene products and DNA sequences: the nusA operon, including the complete initiator tRNA(Met) gene, metY; a tRNA(Leu) gene; the tpiA gene product; and the MrsA protein. Removal of sequences containing the two potential tRNA genes prevented restoration of mutant KW239 in trans. The Tn5 insertions within the lesion-deficient strains examined, including KW239, were not closely linked to each other or to the lemA or gacA genes previously identified as involved in lesion formation by P. syringae pv. syringae. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, USDA, AGR RES SERV, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 179 IS 7 BP 2247 EP 2258 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WQ863 UT WOS:A1997WQ86300020 PM 9079910 ER PT J AU Haverty, MI Collins, MS Nelson, LJ Thorne, BL AF Haverty, MI Collins, MS Nelson, LJ Thorne, BL TI Cuticular hydrocarbons of termites of the British Virgin Islands SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cuticular hydrocarbons; chemotaxonomy; Isoptera; tropical termites; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; Virgin Islands; Caribbean termites; olefins; methylalkanes ID CHEMOTAXONOMIC CHARACTERS; ISOPTERA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; KALOTERMITIDAE; RETICULITERMES; ZOOTERMOPSIS; NASUTITERMES; BIOGEOGRAPHY; TERMOPSIDAE AB A survey of the termites (Isoptera) of 17 islands of the British Virgin Island (BVI) complex yielded eight taxa belonging to three families. The Kalotermitidae include Neotermes mono (Banks), Cryptotermes brevis (Walker), Procryptotermes corniceps (Snyder), and an undetermined species of Incisitermes, likely Incisitermes nr snyderi (Light) or I. incisus (Silvestri). The only rhinotermitid collected is an undetermined species of Heterotermes (Froggatt). Parvitermes wolcotti (Snyder), Nasutitermes costalis (Holmgren), and N. acajutlae (Holmgren) comprise the Termitidae. Cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures were characterized for each of the taxa. Blends of abundant hydrocarbons are species-specific and can be used to identify a given taxon without the diagnostic castes, soldiers, or imagoes, although the species of Incisitermes were not separable on the basis of cuticular hydrocarbons. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT ENTOMOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP Haverty, MI (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW RES STN, USDA, POB 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 23 IS 4 BP 927 EP 964 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006381.75185.86 PG 38 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XC313 UT WOS:A1997XC31300005 ER PT J AU Hedin, PA Dollar, DA Collins, JK Dubois, JG Mulder, PG Hedger, GH Smith, MW Eikenbary, RD AF Hedin, PA Dollar, DA Collins, JK Dubois, JG Mulder, PG Hedger, GH Smith, MW Eikenbary, RD TI Identification of male pecan weevil pheromone SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pecan weevil; pheromone ID CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB pecan weevil, Curculio caryae is a serious economic pest of pecans (Caryae illinoensis). In late summer, the weevil attacks maturing nuts and damages them when making feeding and/or oviposition punctures. The larvae leave the nut and burrow into the soil, remaining there for two to three years before emerging as adults to commence another cycle. This present work has resulted in the identification of the male pecan weevil pheromone as a mixture of four components; I as both the cis and trans isomers of 2-propenyl-1-methyl-cyclobutaneethanol [also identified as (1R,2S)-(+ and -)-grandisol], II [(Z)-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane-Delta(1,beta)-ethanol], III [(Z)-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane-Delta(1,alpha)-acetaldehyde], and IV [(E)-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane-Delta(1,alpha)-acetaldehyde]. They are synthesized by the male pecan weevil, but not by the female, in the ratio 7:16:3:3 of I, II, III, and IV, respectively. These same compounds were earlier identified as the pheromone of the male boil weevil, Anthonomus grandis (Boh.), in which they were isolated from frass in the ratio 6:6: 1.5:1.5. However, only the (+) isomer of grandisol was synthesized by male boil weevil. In laboratory tests, 80% of female pecan weevils were attracted to a synthetic formulation based on the ratio found in male pecan weevils, while only 28% of the females were attracted to a synthetic formulation based on the ratio found in boil weevil frass. The attraction of males to these synthetic formulations was minimal (14, 4, and 2%, respectively). Live males and their extracts were also attractive to females, but males did not respond to male or females. Preliminary field tests demonstrated that females were attracted to males and the synthetic pecan weevil formulation, but not to the synthetic boil weevil formulation. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. SAMUEL ROBERTS NOBLE FDN INC,DIV AGR,ARDMORE,OK. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP Hedin, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 23 IS 4 BP 965 EP 977 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006382.70034.66 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XC313 UT WOS:A1997XC31300006 ER PT J AU Kelsey, RG Joseph, G AF Kelsey, RG Joseph, G TI Ambrosia beetle host selection among logs of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and western red cedar with different ethanol and alpha-pinene concentrations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host selection; kairomones; Ambrosia beetles; Trypodendron lineatum; Gnathotrichus spp; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Tsuga heterophylla; Thuja plicata ID TRYPODENDRON-LINEATUM COLEOPTERA; GNATHOTRICHUS-SULCATUS; RETUSUS COLEOPTERA; PRIMARY ATTRACTANT; DOSAGE RESPONSE; SCOLYTIDAE; SEMIOCHEMICALS; VOLATILES; FLIGHT; WOOD AB Logs from Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii; western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla; and western red cedar, Thuja plicata, were left in the forest through winter. In April, segments from these logs were removed and randomly positioned adjacent to one another allowing ambrosia beetles to select their preferred host. In early June the tissues of Douglas fr and western hemlock logs contained significantly higher ethanol concentrations and ambrosia beetle (Trypodendron lineatum and Gnathotrichus spp.) densities than logs of western red cedar. Low beetle attack densities in western red cedar were probably a consequence of low ethanol concentrations. Although Douglas fir tissues produced significantly higher ethanol concentrations than western hemlock, the beetles did not effectively discriminate between these two conifer species. Ethanol and alpha-pinene were significant covariates for the ambrosia beetle densities. alpha-Pinene concentrations were highest in the phloem of western red cedar, intermediate in Douglas fir, and nearly absent in western hemlock. alpha-Pinene did not synergize the beetle's response to ethanol or to ethanol + pheromone during host selection, and it may have functioned as a deterrent. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Kelsey, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,USDA,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1051 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006387.36449.72 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XC313 UT WOS:A1997XC31300011 ER PT J AU Page, M Nelson, LJ Blomquist, GJ Seybold, SJ AF Page, M Nelson, LJ Blomquist, GJ Seybold, SJ TI Cuticular hydrocarbons as chemotaxonomic characters of pine engraver beetles (Ips spp.) in the grandicollis subgeneric group SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Scolytidae; Ips; Orthotomicus; Pinus; evolution; cuticular hydrocarbons; chemotaxonomy; methyl-branched hydrocarbons; mass spectrometry ID DOUBLE-BOND POSITIONS; BARK BEETLES; DROSOPHILA-VIRILIS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NESTMATE RECOGNITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GROUP COLEOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; TSETSE FLIES; SCOLYTIDAE AB Cuticular hydrocarbons were extracted, identified, and evaluated as chemotaxonomic characters from all species of adult Ips pine engraver beetles in the grandicollis subgeneric group. The grandicollis group consists of Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff), I. cribricollis (Eichhoff), I. lecontei Swaine, I. montanus (Eichhoff), I. paraconfusus Lanier, I. confusus (LeConte), and I. hoppingi Lanier. In order to provide outgroups for a phylogenetic analysis, cuticular hydrocarbons were also analyzed from Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff), I. latidens (LeConte) (latidens subgeneric group), and I. pini (Say) (pini subgeneric group). Two hundred forty-eight hydrocarbon components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The members of the grandicollis group provided 206 of these compounds. The components represented eight classes: n-alkanes, alkenes, alkadienes, terminally branched methylalkanes, internally branched methylalkanes, dimethylalkanes, trimethylalkanes, and tetramethylalkanes. Different populations of O. caelatus, I. grandicollis, I. lecontei, I. montanus, I. paraconfusus, I. confusus, and I. hoppingi provided no evidence for interpopulational variation in cuticular hydrocarbons. Single populations only were analyzed for I. latidens, I. pini, and I. cribricollis. Sexual dimorphism in cuticular hydrocarbons occurred only in I. lecontei where females produced eight unique components with a pentatriacontane parent chain. Several phylogenetic analyses based on hydrocarbon phenotypes agreed in general with the established morphologically based system of relatedness and with published phylogenies reconstructed from prorein and nucleic acid characters. Nearly all hydrocarbon analyses suggested a close relationship between I. grandicollis and I. cribricollis; between I. lecontei and I. montanus; and among the sibling species I. paraconfusus, I. confusus, and I. hoppingi. The presence or absence of specific n-alkanes (n-docosane, n-triacontane); certain dimethylalkanes (terminally branched with octacosane and triacontane parent chains and internally branched with heptacosane, hentriacontane, and docotriacontane parent chains); and 3,7,11-; 3,7,15-trimethylheptacosane permit facile discrimination of I. paraconfusus, I. confusus, and I. hoppingi. These three sibling species are difficult to resolve by external morphology. These data support the species status of I. hoppingi rather than it being considered a host race of the I. confusus complex. They also support the species status of I. cribricollis rather than it being considered part of I. grandicollis. In contrast to other published phylogenies reconstructed from molecular data, phylogenies reconstructed from cuticular hydrocarbons repeatedly place I. lecontei as an integral part of the grandicollis subgeneric group. Thus, cuticular hydrocarbon and pheromone alcohol composition of I. lecontei support its inclusion in the grandicollis subgeneric group. C1 UNIV NEVADA, DEPT BIOCHEM, RENO, NV 89557 USA. RP Page, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW RES STN, USDA, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 105 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1053 EP 1099 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006388.92425.ec PG 47 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XC313 UT WOS:A1997XC31300012 ER PT J AU Scott, R Entekhabi, D Koster, R Suarez, M AF Scott, R Entekhabi, D Koster, R Suarez, M TI Timescales of land surface evapotranspiration response SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION; RAINFALL; CLIMATE; MODEL AB Soil and vegetation exert strong control over the evapotranspiration rate, which couples the land surface water and energy balances. A method is presented to quantify the timescale of this surface control using daily general circulation model (GCM) simulation values of evapotranspiration and precipitation. By equating the time history of evaporation efficiency (ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration) to the convolution of precipitation and a unit kernel (temporal weighting function), response functions are generated that can be used to characterize the timescales of evapotranspiration response for the land surface model (LSM) component of GCMs. The technique is applied to the output of two multiyear simulations of a GCM, one using a Surface-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Transfer (SVAT) scheme and the other a Bucker LSM. The derived response functions show that the Bucket LSM's response is significantly slower than that of the SVAT across the globe. The analysis also shows how the timescales of interception reservoir evaporation, bare soil evaporation, and vegetation transpiration differ within the SVAT LSM. C1 MIT,RALPH M PARSONS LAB,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN 48331,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. USDA,ARS,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HYDROL SCI BRANCH,LAB HYDROSPHER PROC,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,CLIMATE & RADIAT BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RI Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012 OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383 NR 14 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0559:TOLSER>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WV718 UT WOS:A1997WV71800002 ER PT J AU Kudva, IT Hatfield, PG Hovde, CJ AF Kudva, IT Hatfield, PG Hovde, CJ TI Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing E-coli serotypes isolated from sheep SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HEALTHY DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; WASHINGTON-STATE; GENETIC-LOCUS; STRAINS; CATTLE; COLONIZATION; PREVALENCE AB The isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains from sheep are described. One flock was investigated for E. coli O157:H7 over a 16-month period that spanned two summer and two autumn seasons. Variation in the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7-positive sheep was observed, with animals being culture positive only in the summer months but not in the spring, autumn, or winter. E. coli O157:H7 isolates were distinguished by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of chromosomal DNA and toxin gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Ten PFGE patterns and five RFLP patterns, identified among the isolates, showed that multiple E. coli O157:H7 strains were isolated from one flock, that a single animal simultaneously shed multiple E. coli O157:H7 strains, and that the strains shed by individuals changed over time, E. coli O157:H7 was isolated only by selective enrichment culture of 10 g of ovine feces, In contrast, strains of eight STEC serotypes other than O157:H7 were cultured from feces of sheep from a separate dock without enrichment. The predominant non-O157 STEC serotype found was O91:NM (NM indicates nonmotile), and others included O128:NM, O88:NM, O6:H49, and O5:NM. Irrespective of serotype, 98% of the ovine STEC isolates possessed various combinations of the virulence-associated genes for Shiga toxin(s) and the attaching-and-effacing lesion (stx(1), stx(2), and eae), suggesting their potential for human pathogenicity. The most common toxin-eae genotype was positive for stx(1), stx(2), and eae. A Vero cell cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that 90% of the representative STEC isolates tested expressed the toxin gene. The report demonstrates that sheep transiently shed a variety of STEC strains, including E. coli O157:H7, that have potential as human pathogens. C1 UNIV IDAHO, DEPT MICROBIOL MOL BIOL & BIOCHEM, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. USDA ARS, US SHEEP EXPT STN, DUBOIS, ID 83423 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI33981] NR 48 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 892 EP 899 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WP405 UT WOS:A1997WP40500018 PM 9157149 ER PT J AU Holt, PS Chaubal, LH AF Holt, PS Chaubal, LH TI Detection of motility and putative synthesis of flagellar proteins in Salmonella pullorum cultures SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWARMER CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Salmonella pullorum is a host-adapted pathogen of poultry previously thought to be nonmotile and non-flagellated. We discovered that motility can be induced in this organism under special medium conditions, and this motility was observed in 39 of 44 S. pullorum isolates tested. The migration appeared to occur only on the medium surface and not within the medium itself, indicating that swimming may not be responsible for this event. Agar concentration, carbohydrate concentration and type, and temperature of incubation all affected the motility, Flagellar stains and transmission electron micrographs of the motile S. pullorum culture showed long fibrous appendages resembling flagella extending from the cells, but these appendages were thinner and less numerous than the flagella observed on Salmonella enteritidis. Antisera to G flagellar antigens reacted strongly with the induced-motility S. pullorum culture, indicating that G epitopes were expressed on these cells, These results indicate that, contrary to the paradigm which held that S. pullorum is nonmotile and nonflagellated, motility can be induced in S. pullorum and that the organism appears to have the capacity to produce flagella. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1016 EP 1020 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WP405 UT WOS:A1997WP40500048 PM 9157122 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB AF Reeves, JB TI Relationships between crude protein and determination of nondispersible lignin SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lignin; crude protein; forage ID DETERMINATION RESIDUES; FIBER FRACTIONS; DIGESTIBILITY; FORAGE AB The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ADF CP, and acid detergent lignin CP and measures of lignin, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and digestibility. Specifically, the study examined whether a relationship existed between these measures and the CP content of feed or the residual CP found in ADF or acid detergent lignin. Sixty-seven samples (15 alfalfa hay, 16 tall fescue hay, 15 orchardgrass hay, 10 vegetative corn plants, and 11 vegetative wheat plants) were collected at different maturities for study. Samples were analyzed for CP, NDF, digestibility, and lignin (acid detergent, permanganate, chlorite, and acetyl bromide). In addition, batches of ADF and acid detergent lignin were prepared for CP determination. Results of correlations between the feed CP, ADF CP, or acid detergent lignin CP and measures of lignin, NDF, or digestibility were found to be highly dependent on feedstuffs. In some instances, such as the correlations between acid detergent lignin CP and lignin, NDF, or digestibility, different feedstuffs produced equally close, but opposite (positive versus negative) correlations for the same relationship. Consideration of the type of material involved, maturity, or the assay was of little help in explaining the results. Overall, CP contamination was a significant problem for the determination of ADF and lignin concentrations. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NUTRIENT CONSERVAT & METAB LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 692 EP 699 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WW566 UT WOS:A1997WW56600012 ER PT J AU Lee, JK VanRaden, PM Norman, HD Wiggans, GR Meinert, TR AF Lee, JK VanRaden, PM Norman, HD Wiggans, GR Meinert, TR TI Relationship of yield during early lactation and days open during current lactation with 305-day yield SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE days open; milk yield; gestation ID DAIRY-CATTLE; MILK-YIELD; DAYS DRY AB To measure and to partition the effect of pregnancy on yield, the relationships among milk, fat, and protein yields during early lactation, current days open, and 305-d yields were investigated using sample day records of 247,310 Holstein cows. The model included fixed effects of calving herd-year-season, calving age, and days open; the continuous variable of early cumulative yield to 80, 100, 120, or 140 d; and a random residual effect. As days open during first lactation increased from 30 to 100 d, 305-d milk yield increased by 876 kg; as days open increased from 100 to 200 d, milk yield increased by only 172 kg. The impact of current days open was greater on second lactation than on first; the difference in 305-d milk yield between cows open 40 and 290 d was 1199 kg for first lactation and 1613 kg for second lactation. If early yield to 120 d was included in the model, the corresponding difference was reduced to 860 kg for first lactation and 1001 kg for second lactation. Inclusion of early yield in the model reduced regression coefficients for days open during first lactation by 22% for 80-d yield, 24% for 100-d yield, 27% for 120-d yield, and 30% for 140-d yield and by 31, 35, 38, and 41%, respectively, for second lactation. Statistical models to derive adjustment factors should account for early lactation yield so that those factors can remove effects of pregnancy but not correlations between yield and fertility caused by early yield. C1 ARS,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NATL DAIRY HERD IMPROVEMENT ASSOC INC,COLUMBUS,OH 43231. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 771 EP 776 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WW566 UT WOS:A1997WW56600021 PM 9149972 ER PT J AU Baker, JE PerezMendoza, J Beeman, RW AF Baker, JE PerezMendoza, J Beeman, RW TI Inheritance of malathion resistance in the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anisopteromalus; parasitoid; insecticide; malathion; resistance ID IN-FIELD STRAINS; INSECTICIDE; COLEOPTERA AB The genetic basis of malathion resistance in the Bamberg (R) strain of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) was determined with reference to a susceptible (S) laboratory strain of the parasitoid. Evidence from bioassays of male and female progeny from the parent R and S strains, F1 hybrids, backcrosses, and inter se (self) crosses indicates that the malathion resistance in this haplo-diploid wasp is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait controlled by a single gene. This inheritance pattern will slow the diluting effect of interbreeding of progeny from released resistant wasps with susceptible wasps present in any resident population within a particular grain storage facility. It may also allow either an inoculative or inundative release strategy, depending on the size of the resident parasitoid population, within an integrated chemical-biological management program for grain weevils in stored cereals. C1 ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,USDA,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 304 EP 308 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600012 ER PT J AU Costa, HS Henneberry, TJ Toscano, NC AF Costa, HS Henneberry, TJ Toscano, NC TI Effects of antibacterial materials on Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) oviposition, growth, survival, and sex ratio SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aleyodidae; Bemisia argentifolii; Bemisia tabaci biotype B; antibiotics; endosymbionts ID TABACI HOMOPTERA; MYZUS-PERSICAE; SWEET-POTATO; CECROPIN-B; SILVERLEAF; INSECTS; ENDOSYMBIONTS; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBIOTICS; WHITEFLIES AB Whiteflies and other homopterous insects contain endosymbiotic organisms that are essential for their development and reproduction. Reduction or elimination of the endosymbiotic organisms in insects by antibiotic therapy results in reduced insect growth, death, or lack of reproduction. Thus, endosymbionts provide a potential target for insect control with systemic antibacterial materials, or transgenic plants that produce antibacterial proteins. We investigated the effects of various antibiotics, with different ranges of activity and modes of action, on the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (also known as Bemisia tabaci B biotype) oviposition rate, growth, survival, emergence as adults, and sex ratio. The materials tested were oxytetracycline hydrochloride, rifampicin, penicillin, ampicillin, lysozyme, and chloramphenicol. Method of application (feeding on diet or excised leaves) showed similar effects on adults or nymphs. Of the materials tested, those that had significant negative effects on growth and development of whiteflies (tetracycline and rifampicin) interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. Those materials that primarily attack the bacterial cell walls or cell membranes (penicillin, ampicillin, and lysozyme) did not have any significant effect on growth and development. Treatments with antibacterial materials had no significant effect on oviposition rates of adults or the sex ratio of their offspring. Delays in development, and reduction in the percentage of offspring emerging as adults provide ample evidence that antibacterial materials have potential role in management strategies against both adult and immature stages of whiteflies. C1 ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,USDA,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP Costa, HS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 333 EP 339 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600016 ER PT J AU Behle, RW McGuire, MR Gillespie, RL Shasha, BS AF Behle, RW McGuire, MR Gillespie, RL Shasha, BS TI Effects of alkaline gluten on the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; Bacillus thuringiensis; gluten; formulations; pH ID DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; STARCH FORMULATIONS; CRYSTALS; STABILITY; FOLIAGE; PH AB Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner decreases rapidly when exposed to field conditions, but degradation can be minimized by improving the formulation. Solubilized wheat-gluten, added to sprayable formulations, forms a film upon drying that resists wash-off. Because gluten requires a pH >10 to solubilize, we examined the effects of alkaline pH (with and without gluten) on the insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis. Efficacy of various formulations was measured by the mortality of neonate European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), fed on treated cotton leaves. In solutions with pH from 5 to 11, B. thuringiensis (13,800 IU/ml) caused greater than 90% larval mortality. Mortality declined significantly (P < 0.05) at pH 12, indicting a loss of insecticidal activity. However, adding 1% (wt:vol) gluten to the formulations provided 2 benefits that retained the activity of B. thuringiensis. First, formulations of B. thuringiensis with gluten caused 97% mortality of larvae at pH 13 compared with 68% mortality for larvae feeding on leaves treated with the same formulation without gluten. Second, the addition of gluten helped to resist wash-off of B. thuringiensis by 5 cm of simulated rain. Response surface regression analysis indicated that higher concentrations of gluten (up to 1.5% wt:vol) and less alkaline formulations (down to pH 10.5) improved resistance to wash-off. These results indicate that residual activity of B. thuringiensis in the presence of rain may be improved by the addition of gluten to the spray mixture. C1 ARS,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES UNIT,USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COOPERAT EXTENS,EPHRATA,WA 98823. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), BRADLEY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,OLEN HALL,PEORIA,IL 61625, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 354 EP 360 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600019 ER PT J AU Argauer, R Shapiro, M AF Argauer, R Shapiro, M TI Fluorescence and relative activities of stilbene optical brighteners as enhancers for the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) baculovirus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; optical brighteners; fluorescence ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; NOCTUIDAE AB Eight structurally related stilbene optical brighteners were compared as enhancers for the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV). Five of the 8 brighteners acted as activity enhancers (Blankophor HRS, P167, BBH, RKH, and Tinopal LPW); but Blankophor BSU, DML, and LPG did not enhance the activity of LdNPV. The most effective brighteners (BBH, RKH, and LPW) reduced LC(50)s from 800- to 1,300-fold. LT(50)s were influenced by some brighteners (HRS, LPW, BBH, RKH) but not by others (LPG, DML, BSU). All 8 brighteners exhibited fluorescence, which was concentration dependent. The most fluorescent brighteners were LPW, BBH, RKH, and P167, and the least fluorescent brighteners were LPG and DML. In general, the most active brighteners (i.e., those exhibiting the greatest viral enhancement) tended to exhibit the greatest fluorescence, and the least active brighteners tended to exhibit the least fluorescence. Although pHs of the brighteners ranged from 7 to 10, no correlation was found between pH and activity enhancement. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Argauer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 416 EP 420 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600027 ER PT J AU Moreno, DS Zaleta, DAO Mangan, RL AF Moreno, DS Zaleta, DAO Mangan, RL TI Development of artificial larval diets for West Indian fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Indian fruit fly; rearing; artificial diet AB Two artificial larval diets were developed for the West Indian fruit fly Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). One was a papaya diet containing torula yeast, corn flour, fresh papaya pulp, and sugar; this diet provided essential nutrients needed for larval development and produced sufficient numbers of flies for further testing. The other, a casein diet, included torula yeast, corn flour, casein, sugar, minerals, and vitamins. The use of casein was a suitable replacement for papaya; pupal production increased 1.5 times. We reared A. obliqua for 24 generations in papaya diet and 39 generations in the casein diet without loss of fecundity. Two other diets containing defatted soy flour or dehydrated pea powder in place of casein, produced similar numbers of pupae as the papaya diet. Raw or stabilized wheat germ inhibited larval development. When crude lipids were removed from wheat germ, recoveries of larvae, pupae, and adults were similar as in the casein diet. Addition of low amounts of Beck's salt mixture to casein diet increased adult recovery compared with the control, but salt concentrations >0.1% significantly decreased recoveries of larvae, pupae, and adults. Addition of vitamins to casein diet were not proven essential in the generation tested. C1 INST NACL INVEST AGROPECUARIAS & FORESTALES,SAGAR,VERACRUZ 91700,MEXICO. RP Moreno, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,CROP QUAL & FRUIT INSECTS RES,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 427 EP 434 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600029 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JE Hidrayani Nelly, N Mullinix, BG AF Carpenter, JE Hidrayani Nelly, N Mullinix, BG TI Effect of substerilizing doses of radiation on sperm precedence in fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; F-1 sterility; sperm precedence; sperm competition; multiple mating ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA AB The effect of radiation on sperm priority and mixing patterns in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was studied by sequentially mating females with irradiated (100 and 150 Gy) and normal males. Progeny of irradiated males were identified by visible chromosomal aberrations in the testes. Twice-mated females produced more progeny fathered by irradiated males when irradiated males received a 100-Gy dose than when males received a 150-Gy dose, and exhibited incomplete last-male sperm precedence with extensive sperm mixing. Mating sequence had no significant effect on the number of oviposition days in which sperm mixing occurred. Also, the day of oviposition (days subsequent to the last mating) had no significant effect on sperm priority and mixing patterns. However, when females exhibited sperm mixing, the mean percentage of progeny fathered by irradiated males was significantly higher when males were irradiated with 100 Gy than when males were irradiated with 150 Gy. Sperm complements from males irradiated with 100 Gy were successfully competitive with sperm complements from normal males, but there was a reduction in sperm competitiveness from males irradiated with 150 Gy. RP Carpenter, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 444 EP 448 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600031 ER PT J AU Klotz, JH Vail, KM Williams, DF AF Klotz, JH Vail, KM Williams, DF TI Toxicity of a boric acid-sucrose water bait to Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; pest ants; bait avoidance; boric acid ID FIRE ANT HYMENOPTERA; REPELLENCY AB Boric acid-sucrose water baits were evaluated in the laboratory for toxicity, and efficacy against the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Over the dosage range from 0.02 to 1.0% boric acid, LC(50)s (95% CL) ranged from 1.27% (1.05-3.88%) at 3 d to 0.11% (0.09-0.13%) at 8 d. Amount of bait consumed was related inversely to the concentration of active ingredient. High concentrations of boric acid bait (5%) were consumed at a lower rate than the control (10% sucrose water). In large fire ant colonies exposed continuously to 4 concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0%) of boric acid bait, workers and brood were reduced by 90% at 6 wk. Therefore, low concentrations of boric acid are necessary for delayed toxicity and reduced repellency. C1 USDA ARS,CTR MED & VET ENTOMOL,IMPORTED FIRE ANT & HOUSEHOLD INSECTS RES UNIT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 488 EP 491 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600037 ER PT J AU Su, NY Chew, V Wheeler, GS Scheffrahn, RH AF Su, NY Chew, V Wheeler, GS Scheffrahn, RH TI Comparison of tunneling responses into insecticide-treated soil by field populations and laboratory groups of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; Reticulitermes flavipes; termiticides; tunneling response; laboratory bioassay; field bioassay ID URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; TERMITICIDES; PENETRATION; BARRIER AB Tunneling responses of laboratory groups and field populations of subterranean termites into soil treated with 1 of the 3 insecticides, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, or permethrin, were compared to validate laboratory evaluation techniques. Because of the diverse response exhibited by field populations, no statistical difference (P > 0.05) was detected between laboratory and field data for both the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). The results indicated that the overall tunneling behavior exhibited by field populations into insecticide-treated soil is essentially the same as that of laboratory groups of 80 foragers. But in some instances, the threshold concentrations (the lowest concentration to stop termite penetration totally) recorded from field populations were higher than those observed from laboratory groups. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,BIOMETR UNIT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED RES UNIT,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314. RP Su, NY (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FT LAUDERDALE RES & EDUC CTR,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 503 EP 509 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600039 ER PT J AU Klotz, JH Vail, KM Williams, DF AF Klotz, JH Vail, KM Williams, DF TI Liquid boric acid bait for control of structural infestations of Pharaoh ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Monomorium pharaonis; ant baits; boric acid ID DISODIUM OCTABORATE TETRAHYDRATE; CAT FLEAS SIPHONAPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; ORAL TOXICITY; RHINOTERMITIDAE; REPELLENCY; PULICIDAE; ISOPTERA; MUSCIDAE AB A 1% boric acid-sucrose water bait was evaluated for efficacy in reducing structural infestations of Pharaoh ants, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), at 2 sites. One of the sites was an apartment complex with a natural infestation of Pharaoh ants. The other site consisted of a group of small buildings that were purposely infested with Pharaoh ants. Treated and untreated (control) bait stations were replaced once a week for 3 wk at each site, then removed from the study site. Significant reductions in the number of foraging ants at both sites were attained in the Ist week after exposure to the boric acid bait and was maintained thereafter for 7 wk in the apartment complex and for 8 wk in the small-building complex. C1 USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,IMPORTED FIRE ANT & HOUSEHOLD INSECTS RES UNIT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 523 EP 526 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600041 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB Mangan, RL AF Thomas, DB Mangan, RL TI Modeling thermal death in the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican fruit fly; quarantine treatments; thermal death; mortality modeling ID QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; FLIES DIPTERA; 3RD INSTARS; KINETICS AB A large set of mortality data for the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), from induced thermal stress was fit to 4 mathematical models that are used to estimate thermal death points for quarantine level security. Two of the models, the probit and kinetic formulas, estimated death point intercepts in close agreement at the tail ends of survivorship curves. Based on the criteria of chi-square values, coefficients of determination, and confidence limits, the kinetic model had the best fit to the data. The complementary log-log model produced disparately lower death point intercepts with wider confidence limits compared with the other 3 models with the same data set. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 527 EP 534 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600042 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Sharp, JL AF Hansen, JD Sharp, JL TI Thermal death in third instars of the Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae): Density relationships SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha suspensa; survival; heat; quarantine ID FLIES DIPTERA; TEMPERATURE; INFESTATION; GRAPEFRUIT; PAPAYAS AB The effect of larval density on survival of 3rd instars of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), was studied in the laboratory. No difference in mortality rates was observed among different densities held at ambient temperatures (approximate to 25 degrees C) in closed containers. However, when larvae were treated in closed containers at 40 degrees C for 67 min, survival rates rapidly decreased with the increase in infestation density, then leveled off at approximate to 20% survival; this relationship was described by a nonlinear regression mathematical model. Similar results were obtained with the same treatment for larvae in open containers. Further studies showed that increased mortality was related to density, not increased numbers of larvae. The presence of rearing diet during treatment reduced survival regardless of the density level. The implications of these findings in the development of quarantine treatments are further discussed. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 540 EP 545 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600044 ER PT J AU Jancovich, JK Davidson, EW Lavine, M Hendrix, DL AF Jancovich, JK Davidson, EW Lavine, M Hendrix, DL TI Feeding chamber and diet for culture of nymphal Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; nymphal feeding chamber; artificial diet; bioassay; Ivermectin ID TABACI HOMOPTERA; OVIPOSITION; COTTON AB A feeding chamber and diet were developed for rearing Bemisia argentifolii (Bellows & Perring) from eggs to 4th instar under aseptic conditions. The feeding apparatus consisted of a plastic diet chamber covered with stretched Parafilm that was held in place by another piece of plastic and binder clips. Surface-sterilized eggs were placed on the Parafilm, and the chamber was incubated in a petri dish at 90-95% RH, 25-27 degrees C and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. The most successful diet consisted of 5% yeast extract in 30% sucrose. Developmental times of 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-instar nymphs were 4.6, 3.4, and 4.2 d, respectively, which is comparable to development times on plants. Although whitefly nymphs can be reared on this diet to 4th instar, complete development to the adult stage was not achieved. The utility of the feeding system was demonstrated in bioassay with Ivermectin. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP Jancovich, JK (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 628 EP 633 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600056 ER PT J AU Sosa, O Shine, JM Tai, PYP AF Sosa, O Shine, JM Tai, PYP TI West Indian cane weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): A new pest of sugarcane in Florida SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metamasius hemipterus; Saccharum; yield losses; survey; sampling; longevity AB The West Indian cane weevil, Metamasius hemipterus (L.), was first discovered in the United States in Homestead, FL, in 1984. Ten years later it was found infesting sugarcane in Belie Glade, and a subsequent survey indicated the pest was widely distributed throughout Florida where sugarcane is produced. Infestation levels ranging from 8 to 32% of the stalks of 'CP 85-1382' were found at 3 farms. The larval stage was the most frequently encountered (89%) growth stage, with an overall mean of approximate to 2 larvae per stalk. There were significant differences of most yield components between infested and uninfested stalks. A 32% stalk infestation at one farm caused an estimated loss of $402.40/ha. Based on infestation levels, distribution in Florida, and losses observed, this pest is important and should be monitored closely. Little or no infestation was detected in other cultivars growing next to CP 85-1382. Thus, host plant resistance may be an important strategy for management of this pest. C1 FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. RP Sosa, O (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33436, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 634 EP 638 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600057 ER PT J AU Mulrooney, JE Howard, KD Hanks, JE Jones, RG AF Mulrooney, JE Howard, KD Hanks, JE Jones, RG TI Application of ultra-low-volume malathion by air-assisted ground sprayer for boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) control SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; malathion; ultra-low-volume application; air-assisted ground sprayer ID PERSISTENCE; PERMETHRIN; HERBICIDES; DEPOSITS; LEAVES; ULV AB During 1994 and 1995, test of ultra-low-volume applications of insecticides conducted on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., at Stonealle, MS, evaluated the effectiveness of malathion applied with a new technology in ground application, the air-assisted ultra-low-volume ground sprayer. Two tests conducted in 1994 determined the effectiveness of ultralow-volume applications of malathion (91%) with and without cottonseed oil and established effective malathion rates against boil weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation of azinphosmethyl was used as a standard. In 1995, ultra-low-volume malathion (95%) was applied at 1.36 and 1.02 kg (AI)/ha plus cottonseed oil in a total volume of 1.17 liter/ha. These treatments were compared with a 1.12 kg (AI)/ha rate of an EC formulation of malathion applied with water in a total volume of 46.8 liter/ha. In the 1994 insecticide comparison test, ultra-low-volume malathion treatments resulted in 70% mortality throughout the 48-h test period whereas mortality from the azinphosmethyl standard steadily decreased from 71% at 4 h after treatment to 12% at 48 h after treatment. In the 1994 malathion rate test, 1.30 and 0.98 kg (AI)/ha produced mortalities comparable to those of azinphosmethyl at 0.28 kg (AI)/ha. In 1995, 48-h mortalities at 24 and 48 h after treatment were highest for the rate at 1.36 kg (AI)/ha (99 and 90%, respectively), followed by the rate at 1.02 kg (AI)/ha (78 and 54%, respectively), and lowest in the EC formulation treatment (28 and 21%, respectively). There were no differences in mortality at 72 h after treatment. The air-assisted ground sprayer permitted application of insecticides at considerably lower volumes than a conventional hydraulic ground sprayer and also permitted a reduction in the current rate of ultra-low-volume malathion required for effective boil weevil control. RP Mulrooney, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPL & PROD TECHNOL RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 639 EP 645 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600058 ER PT J AU Flinn, PW Hagstrum, DW Muir, WE AF Flinn, PW Hagstrum, DW Muir, WE TI Effects of time of aeration, bin size, and latitude on insect populations in stored wheat: A simulation study SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptolestes ferrugineus; stored grain; model; aeration; integrated pest management ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; GRAIN; MODEL AB A spatial model of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) population dynamics and bin temperature was used to simulate effects of time of aeration, bin size, and latitude on C. ferrugineus density in stored wheat. In unaerated grain, densities of C. ferrugineus were predicted to be much greater in wheat stored in Oklahoma than in Kansas or South Dakota and reach greater densities in 272.2-T (10,000 bu) than in 81.6-T (3,000 bu) bins. Automatic aeration controllers (fans turned on when outside air was 10 degrees C lower than grain temperature) suppressed C. ferrugineus population growth better than manual aeration starting in November. Automatic aeration also worked better when started at grain harvest rather than waiting until 1 September. In Oklahoma, automatic aeration starting at harvest was the only aeration strategy that prevented C. ferrugineus from exceeding 2/kg. Average fan hours to cool the grain to 10 degrees C using automatic control starting at harvest was 270 h for 272.2-T bins and 220 h for 81.6-T bins. Starting automatic aeration at harvest added an additional 30 h. This small increase in fan hours resulted in much greater C. ferrugineus suppression, especially in latitudes similar to those of Oklahoma and Kansas. In temperate climates, automatic aeration controllers should greatly reduce the need for chemical control. RP Flinn, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 14 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 646 EP 651 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600059 ER PT J AU Hardee, DD Bryan, WW AF Hardee, DD Bryan, WW TI Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis-transgenic and nectariless cotton on insect populations with emphasis on the tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tarnished plant bug; bollworm; tobacco budworm; Bacillus thuringiensis; nectariless cotton ID DELTA-ENDOTOXIN GENE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; FIELD PERFORMANCE; TOMATO PLANTS; PINK-BOLLWORM; VAR KURSTAKI; NOCTUIDAE; RESISTANT AB Comparison of Bacillus thuringiensis transgenic and nectariless cottons with non-B. thuringiensis commercial varieties >2-yr showed no significant differences in number of beneficials, bollworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)], and tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)] eggs, fruiting sites per plant, and percentage square set. Significantly more tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), and percentage of crazy cotton were observed in B. thuringiensis 757 (Coker 312 background in 1994) and in Coker 312 variety in 1995 compared with other varieties, suggesting no effect of B. thuringiensis gene insertion in cotton on the number of tarnished plant bugs. Transgenic cotton had significantly fewer bollworms and budworms, cabbage loopers [Trichoplusia ni (Hubner)], and percentage of damaged squares than the other varieties, 75% as many beet armyworms [Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)], and had no effect on fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)]. The transgenic character itself did not cause an increase of any insect population, but consultants and producers are encouraged to monitor other insect pests, especially boil weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, and tarnished plant bug. These pests may cause economic damage when fewer or no sprays are used for bollworm and budworm in cotton. Nectariless MD51 had fewer plant bugs than other varieties both years, but also lower yield. These results suggest transgenic cotton is a useful tool in the management of certain lepidopterous pests. RP Hardee, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 663 EP 668 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ036 UT WOS:A1997WZ03600062 ER PT J AU Mitchell, ER Hu, GY Okine, J McLaughlin, JR AF Mitchell, ER Hu, GY Okine, J McLaughlin, JR TI Mating disruption of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and cabbage looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cabbage using a blend of pheromones emitted from the same dispenser SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Trichoplusia ni; Plutella xylostella; (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate; (Z)-11-hexadecenal; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate; (Z)-11-hexadecanol; treatment action threshold; mating disruption ID POPULATIONS AB Experiments were conducted in commercial plantings cabbage in spring 1994 and 1995 to evaluate the efficacy of a blend pheromones for diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), and cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner): for disrupting mating when dispensed simultaneously from Yoto-con-S(R)'rape' dispensers (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). A 12.1-ha cabbage field was treated with pheromone in 1994 using a blend of(Z)-11-hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, and (Z)-11-hexadecanol in a 49:50:1 ratio for diamondback moth and (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate and (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol in a 98:2 ratio for cabbage looper. The test was repeated in 1995 using a 10.1-ha cabbage field. In 1995, 24.6 ha of cabbage also were treated with a blend of diamondback moth-only pheromone: (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate in a 50:50 ratio. All pheromone treatments were applied at the rate of 1,000 m rope per ha within 2 wk after the cabbage was planted. Captures of diamondback moth and cabbage looper males in traps baited with synthetic pheromones and mating by laboratory-reared sentinel females in pheromone-treated fields were significantly reduced for 7 to 9 wk post-treatment relative to control areas. Larval infestation data on cabbage were insufficient to establish the effect, if any, of the diamondback moth/cabbage looper combination pheromone treatment on cabbage looper control. In 1995, the diamondback moth pheromone only and the diamondback moth/cabbage looper combination pheromone effectively suppressed diamondback moth larval numbers below the composite economic action threshold of 0.3 larva per cabbage plant for approximately 60 days. A single application of pesticide quickly reduced the diamondback moth larval count below the action threshold in the pheromone-treated cabbage, and no further pesticide applications were required. The correspondent control Geld was sprayed 7 times with pesticides for control diamondback moth. RP Mitchell, ER (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 120 EP 137 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XX802 UT WOS:A1997XX80200002 ER PT J AU Cook, BJ Pryor, NW AF Cook, BJ Pryor, NW TI Structural properties of the intrinsic muscles of the Malpighian tubules of the female stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L. SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE visceral muscle; ultrastructure; supercontraction; stable fly; Stomoxys calcitrans; Malpighian tubule ID MUSCIDAE; OVIDUCT; DIPTERA AB The four Malpighian tubules of the female stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L., were divided into an anterior dorsal and a posterior ventral pair. A marked structural divergence existed between the distal terminations of these two pairs. This divergence consisted primarily in the number and size of crystalline granules present in the respective distal regions. The terminal diameter of the dorsal tubules nias at least twice that of the ventral tubules. Intrinsic muscles were found only in that short proximal section (ureter) of each pair of tubules that emptied into the midgut. Other regions of the tubules showed no evidence of a muscle sheath. The small intrinsic muscles (0.25 to 0.6 mu m diam) of the uretel were visible under Nomarski optics at high magnification (600X). The muscle fibers were embedded in the basal regions of the large epithelial cells that line the lumen of the ureter. Occasionally: these muscles were arranged in a multilayered lattice. Myofibrils were separated into sarcomeres of irregular alignment with classical A (0.8 mu m in length) and I bands. The Z disk consisted of discontinuous rows of dense bodies, and in partially contracted muscle some myofilaments of the A band passed between the dense bodies of the Z bands. T-system tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum were sparse to non-existent. RP Cook, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 138 EP 147 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XX802 UT WOS:A1997XX80200003 ER PT J AU Hamm, JJ Carpenter, JE AF Hamm, JJ Carpenter, JE TI Compatibility of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses and inherited sterility for control of corn earworm and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn earworm; Helicoverpa zea; fall armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda; inherited sterility; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; integrated pest management; bioassay ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; PLANT-RESISTANCE; FIELD SURVIVAL; SUPPRESSION; LARVAE; SILKS; POPULATIONS; INFECTIVITY AB Inherited sterility has been proposed as a means of suppressing the populations of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). If nuclear polyhedrosis viruses could be used to kill larvae, thereby reducing the number of moths in the field populations, fewer moths treated with substerilizing doses of irradiation would need to be released. However, for these two methods to be compatible, the progeny of substerile moths should be no more susceptible to the virus than the progeny of the field populations. The corn earworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Elcar(TM)) was bioassayed against corn earworm larvae from untreated moths and larvae from male, female, and male and female moths treated with 100 Gy of irradiation and larvae from male moths treated with 150 Gy of irradiation. The fall armyworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus was bioassayed against fall armyworm larvae from untreated moths and larvae from male moths treated with 100 to 150 Gy of irradiation. There was no significant difference between susceptibility of larvae from untreated moths and larvae from irradiated moths. Thus, the use of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses for control of larvae should be compatible with the release of substerilized moths as part of an integrated pest management approach For area-wide management of the corn earworm and fall armyworm. RP Hamm, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 148 EP 153 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XX802 UT WOS:A1997XX80200004 ER PT J AU Ratcliffe, RH Ohm, HW Patterson, FL Cambron, SE AF Ratcliffe, RH Ohm, HW Patterson, FL Cambron, SE TI Biotype composition of hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomiidae) populations from Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina and Virginia SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mayetiola destructor; biotypes; wheat breeding; plant resistance ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE GENES; CECIDOMYIIDAE; WHEAT AB Fourteen populations of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), from Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina, and Virginia were evaluated for biotype composition, and two Arkansas populations were tested for response to Hessian fly resistance genes or gene combinations H3, H5, H6, H7H8, and H9 to H19 in wheat. The biotype composition of Hessian fly populations was estimated by confining individual gravid females on the four wheat differential cultivars 'Monon' (H3)1 'Magnum' (HS),'Caldwell' (H6), and 'Seneca' (H1H8). The response of Arkansas fly populations to resistance genes was evaluated in replicated tests with wheat germplasm lines or cultivars homozygous for these genes. Hessian fly populations from Arkansas were predominately biotype L, with low levels of biotypes F, G, J, M, and O, depending upon population. Biotype L was predominant in the Illinois, North Carolina, and Virginia populations, although biotype D was present in populations from extreme southwestern Illinois and Virginia and North Carolina. Biotypes Ct, J, L, M, and O were identified from the west-central Georgia population collected at Griffin, while only biotypes M and O were identified from the southwestern Georgia population, collected at Plains. All fly populations were virulent to resistance genes H3, H5, and H6, while the southwestern Georgia population was avirulent to H7H8. Plants with single resistance genes H9 to H19 varied significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) in their resistance to the two Arkansas populations. Plants with single resistance genes H9, H10, H13, H14, and H16 to H19 conditioned resistance (88 to 100%) to both populations, while plants with single genes H11, R12, or H15 were susceptible to one or both populations. Wheat germplasm lines developed in the Purdue/USDA program that carry single gene resistances H9, H13, H14. and H16 to H19 should provide useful sources of resistance for developing improved wheat cultivars adapted to the mid-south and southeastern United States. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Ratcliffe, RH (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT & PEST CONTROL RES UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 154 EP 164 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XX802 UT WOS:A1997XX80200005 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Puterka, GJ AF Brown, MW Puterka, GJ TI Orchard management effects on the arthropod community on peach with comparison to apple SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE species diversity; community structure; faunistic study; Prunus persica; Malus domestica ID DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY AB One hundred sixty-two species were recorded as part of the arthropod community associated with peach in eastern West Virginia. The community was composed of 33% phytophages, 35% insectivores, 14% scavengers, and 18% tourists. Diversity of the anthropod community was correlated inversely with intensity of orchard management. Comparing the phytophagous community on apple (from an earlier study) with that on peach, Lepidoptera comprised 49% on apple and. only 31% on peach; Hemiptera comprised 9% on apple and 19% on peach. Diversity of the phytophagous arthropod community was significantly less in peach than in apple orchards, but was more similar in commercially-managed orchards than in unmanaged orchards. It is concluded that in commercially-managed peach and apple orchards insecticide use is the dominant factor controlling community structure, whereas, in unmanaged orchards the communities in peach and apple evolve into distinctly different communities. The presence of cyanogenic glycosides in peach, extrafloral nectaries on peach, and the relatively smaller species pool available to colonize peach are considered major factors for the difference in arthropod community structure in peach and apple. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 165 EP 182 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XX802 UT WOS:A1997XX80200006 ER PT J AU DeMilo, AB Gelman, DB Bordas, B AF DeMilo, AB Gelman, DB Bordas, B TI Benzoylbiuret insect chitin inhibitors: Structure-activity correlations derived from an In vitro clasper assay and an In vivo mosquito adult emergence assay SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE benzoylbiurets; chitin-synthesis inhibitors; diflubenzuron analogs; structure-activity correlations; Musca domestica L.; Aedes aegypti; Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) ID QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY; CHILO-SUPPRESSALIS WALKER; BENZOYLPHENYLUREA LARVICIDES; 1-(2,6-DISUBSTITUTED BENZOYL)-3-PHENYLUREAS; LABORATORY EVALUATION; ANILINE MOIETY; SUBSTITUENTS AB Chitin-synthesis inhibitory effects of nine 1-benzoyl-5-phenylbiurets and six 1-benzoyr-5-phenyl-4-thiobiurets were determined in an in vitro assay using male pharate adult claspers of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). Incorporation of labeled N-acetylglucosamine into the clasper tissue was effectively inhibited by the benzoylbiurets (IC50 values ranged from 0.032 to 8.2 ppm). Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the benzoylbiurets were analyzed by linear regression analysis. The analysis used yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti (L.)) adult emergence data (LC50 values) and in vitro chitin-synthesis inhibition data (IC50 values) as biological endpoints and a set of physicochemical parameters (independent variables of the para substituent of the anilide moiety. Stepwise regression analysis of the in vitro data provided a significant four-parameter equation involving Hammett sigma(p) and Hansch-Fujita pi constants, and two indicator variables. Analysis of the in vitro chitin-synthesis inhibition data yielded a significant two-parameter equation incorporating and an indicator variable. In vivo larvicidal activity against A. aegypti and the house fly (Musca domestica L.) was enhanced by electron-withdrawing and lipophilic substituents in the para position of the anilide moiety. In contrast, in vitro chitin-synthesis inhibition was favored by electron-donating substituents. It was suggested that the equations derived from in vivo activity data describe mainly pharmacokinetic processes such as transport and metabolism. Structural requirements for intrinsic activity of the benzoylbiurets at the putative receptor site were better represented by the equation derived from the in vitro chitin-synthesis inhibition data. RP DeMilo, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB, INST PLANT SCI, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 212 EP 228 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XX802 UT WOS:A1997XX80200010 ER PT J AU Shogren, R AF Shogren, R TI Water vapor permeability of biodegradable polymers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMER DEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE biodegradable; coating; laminate; starch; polyester ID ANTIPLASTICIZATION AB The water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) of several biodegradable polymers were evaluated to determine their suitability as water-resistant coatings and to understand WVTR better in terms of polymer structure. Values of WVTR at 25 degrees C ranged from 13 to 2900 g/m(2)/day and increased in the order PHBV < PLA (cryst.) < PLA (amorph.) < PCL < Bionolle < BAK 1095 < CAP < CA. Values of WVTR were positively correlated with higher polymer solubility parameters, lower crystallinities, and higher free volumes. Although the WVTR of biodegradable polymers are much higher than those of good barrier materials such as low-density polyethylene, they are sufficient for short-term (hours to days) protection of polysaccharide-based materials against water. RP Shogren, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PLANT POLYMER RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 34 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 35 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1064-7546 J9 J ENVIRON POLYM DEGR JI J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. PD APR PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1007/BF02763592 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA XT170 UT WOS:A1997XT17000004 ER PT J AU Chen, L Imam, SH Gordon, SH Greene, RV AF Chen, L Imam, SH Gordon, SH Greene, RV TI Starch polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked film - Performance and biodegradation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMER DEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE starch; polyvinyl alcohol; film; crosslinking; hexamethoxymethylmelamine; biodegradation; respirometer; water resistance AB Starch-PVOH cast films were prepared with and without crosslinking agent (hexamethoxymethylmelamine) in the absence of plasticizer. Moisture absorption in films without crosslinking agent at a low relative humidity was similar to that of PVOH and increased as the relative humidity increased. Films with crosslinking agent showed moisture absorption linearly proportional to the relative humidity. Significant improvement in resistance to water disintegration for crosslinked starch-PVOH films was observed. While the tensile strength decreased with increased relative humidity, crosslinking significantly improved the tensile strength. Increased PVOH content improved elongation of films even when the relative humidity was 80% or higher. Biodegradation studies revealed that the degradation rate was negatively correlated with the PVOH content in films and crosslinking generated more converged degradation curves. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 7 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 17 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1064-7546 J9 J ENVIRON POLYM DEGR JI J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. PD APR PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1007/BF02763594 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA XT170 UT WOS:A1997XT17000006 ER PT J AU Hancock, DD Rice, DH Herriott, DE Besser, TE Ebel, ED Carpenter, LV AF Hancock, DD Rice, DH Herriott, DE Besser, TE Ebel, ED Carpenter, LV TI Effects of farm manure-handling practices on Escherichia coli O157 prevalence in cattle SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE E-coli O157; cattle; manure; epidemiology; grazing; forage crops; pasture ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; WASHINGTON-STATE; KING-COUNTY; DAIRY; CALVES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; PATHOGEN AB Thirty-six dairy herds in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington were selected on the basis of cattle housing and manure-handling practices. Approximately 60 fecal samples from heifers were collected monthly in each herd for 6 months and cultured for Escherichia coli O157. One hundred seventy-nine of 12,664 (1.41%) individual fecal samples from 27 of the 36 herds (75%) were culture positive for E. coli O157. Within-herd prevalence ranged from 0% to 5.5% with a strong clustering toward the lower end of this range. A tendency was observed for herds to maintain either a relatively low or high prevalence of E. coli O157. Prevalence of E. coli O157 was similar in herds which housed heifers in dry lots and on pasture with and without application of manure. Also, application of manure to cattle forage crops was not associated with the prevalence of E. coli O157 in dairy herds. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, VET SERV, USDA, SALEM, OR 97301 USA. RP Hancock, DD (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT VET CLIN SCI, FIELD DIS INVEST UNIT, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 19 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 1997 VL 60 IS 4 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA WW305 UT WOS:A1997WW30500004 ER PT J AU Saini, PK Webert, DW McCaskey, PC AF Saini, PK Webert, DW McCaskey, PC TI Food safety and regulatory aspects of cattle and swine cysticercosis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE cysticercosis; cattle; swine; public health; slaughter inspection; prevalence ID TAENIA-SAGINATA CYSTICERCOSIS; BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; ASSAY AB Using slaughter disposition data maintained by the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, prevalence of cattle cysticercosis (Cysticercus bovis) for a 10-year period from 1985 through 1994 is reported. Out of an annual average of approximately 33 million slaughtered cattle, about 6,200 carcasses were identified with cysticercus lesions. In the five FSIS inspection regions in the United States, namely Western, Southwestern, Northeastern, Southeastern, and North Central, an average cattle cysticercosis prevalence of 0.0697, 0.0085, 0.0012, 0.0003, and 0.0003, respectively, is reported. The relevance of serological testing in lieu of, or as a supplement to. the current labor-intensive physical detection procedure in cattle is discussed, the latter being reported to miss close to one-third of the carcasses harboring cysticercus lesions. Out of a total of approximately 80 million swine slaughtered annually in the United States, the number of carcasses identified with cysticercus lesions (Cysticercus cellulosae) is extremely low, ranging from 1 through 44 during each of the 10 years. Swine cysticercosis (unlike cattle cysticercosis), with man being an alternate intermediate host, poses serious public health concerns with sometimes fatal consequences manifested through neurocysticercosis (Cysticercus cellulosae). Though human cysticercosis is still ran in the United States, recent reports have indicated an upturn in diagnosed cases. These are primarily the result of an increasing number of immigrants and international travel to and from endemic areas. C1 FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,SEROL BRANCH,PATHOL & SEROL DIV,SCI & TECHNOL PROGRAM,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 1997 VL 60 IS 4 BP 447 EP 453 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA WW305 UT WOS:A1997WW30500020 ER PT J AU Larsen, DR Shifley, SR Thompson, FR Brookshire, BL Dey, DC Kurzejeski, EW England, K AF Larsen, DR Shifley, SR Thompson, FR Brookshire, BL Dey, DC Kurzejeski, EW England, K TI 10 guidelines for ecosystem researchers - Lessons from Missouri SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,COLUMBIA,MO. MISSOURI DEPT CONSERVAT,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. MARK TWAIN NATL FOREST,ROLLA,MO. MISSOURI DEPT CONSERVAT,COLUMBIA,MO. RP Larsen, DR (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,1-30 AGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1997 VL 95 IS 4 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WQ255 UT WOS:A1997WQ25500004 ER PT J AU DeWald, LE Mahalovich, MF AF DeWald, LE Mahalovich, MF TI The role of forest genetics in managing ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY; RESOURCES C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,MOSCOW,ID. RP DeWald, LE (reprint author), NO ARIZONA UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,COLL ECOSYST SCI & MANAGEMENT,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1997 VL 95 IS 4 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WQ255 UT WOS:A1997WQ25500005 ER PT J AU Covington, WW Fule, PZ Moore, MM Hart, SC Kolb, TE Mast, JN Sackett, SS Wagner, MR AF Covington, WW Fule, PZ Moore, MM Hart, SC Kolb, TE Mast, JN Sackett, SS Wagner, MR TI Restoring ecosystem health in ponderosa pine forests of the southwest SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST FIRE LAB,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA. RP Covington, WW (reprint author), NO ARIZONA UNIV,COLL ECOSYST SCI & MANAGEMENT,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011, USA. NR 38 TC 367 Z9 385 U1 3 U2 32 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1997 VL 95 IS 4 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WQ255 UT WOS:A1997WQ25500007 ER PT J AU Fedkiw, J AF Fedkiw, J TI The forest service's pathway toward ecosystem management SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP Fedkiw, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,6706 RENITA LANE,BETHESDA,MD 20187, USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1997 VL 95 IS 4 BP 30 EP 34 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WQ255 UT WOS:A1997WQ25500008 ER PT J AU Wenger, KF AF Wenger, KF TI What is ecosystem management? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Wenger, KF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,USDA,TAPPAHANNOCK,VA 22560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1997 VL 95 IS 4 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WQ255 UT WOS:A1997WQ25500016 ER PT J AU ORourke, KI Holyoak, GR Clark, WW Mickelson, JR Wang, S Melco, RP Besser, TE Foote, WC AF ORourke, KI Holyoak, GR Clark, WW Mickelson, JR Wang, S Melco, RP Besser, TE Foote, WC TI PrP genotypes and experimental scrapie in orally inoculated Suffolk sheep in the United States SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIBRIL PROTEIN PRP; NATURAL SCRAPIE; PRION PROTEIN; CHEVIOT SHEEP; SIP GENE; ALLELIC INTERACTION; BRITISH SHEEP; POLYMORPHISMS; AGENT; ASSOCIATION AB One-hundred and three United States Suffolk sheep were inoculated orally with a scrapie agent preparation and monitored for clinical disease and histopathological lesions characteristic of scrapie. A retrospective study of the polymorphisms at codon 171 of the prion protein (PrP) gene was performed on these sheep. All 63 sheep that developed scrapie during the observation period were homozygous for the glutamine 171 (171-QQ) PrP allele. Twelve 171-QQ sheep failed to develop disease. All 5 sheep homozygous for arginine (171-RR) and all 23 heterozygous (171-QR) sheep remained free of scrapie. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM DAIRY & VET SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,MISSION,TX 78572. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55117. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP ORourke, KI (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,337 BUSTAD HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 43 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 78 BP 975 EP 978 PN 4 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA WT333 UT WOS:A1997WT33300031 PM 9129673 ER PT J AU Leathers, TD Ahlgren, JA Cote, GL AF Leathers, TD Ahlgren, JA Cote, GL TI Alternansucrase mutants of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-21138 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternan; alternansucrase; dextran; dextransucrase; glucan; glucosyltransferase ID GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; B-1355; PURIFICATION; SUCROSE; DEXTRAN AB Alternan is a unique alpha-o-glucan of potential commercial interest, produced by rare strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Natural isolates that produce alternan, such as NRRL B-1355, also produce dextran as a troublesome contaminant. We previously isolated mutants of strain NRRL B-1355 that are deficient in dextran production, including the highly stable strain NRRL B-21138. In the current work, we mutagenized strain NRRL B-21138 and screened survivors for further alterations in production of alternansucrase, the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of alternan from sucrose. Second generation mutants included highly stable strain NRRL B-21297, which produced four-fold elevated levels of alternansucrase without an increase in the proportion of dextransucrase activity. Such alternansucrase overproducing strains will facilitate studies of this enzyme, and may become valuable for the enzymatic production of alternan. Another highly stable mutant strain, NRRL B-21414, grew slowly on sucrose with negligible production of glucan or extracellular glucansucrase activity. This strain may prove useful as an expression host for glucansucrase genes. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900380 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WZ166 UT WOS:A1997WZ16600012 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Agnew, J Hicks, KB Powell, MJ AF Moreau, RA Agnew, J Hicks, KB Powell, MJ TI Modulation of lipoxygenase activity by bacterial hopanoids SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID MOUSE LEUKEMIA-L1210; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; INTACT HOPANOIDS; P388 CELLS AB Tetrahydroxybacteriohopane (1), a bacterial hopanoid, inhibited soybean 15-lipoxygenase with an IC50 Of about 10 mu M. After per-O-acetylation of 1 no inhibition of the 15-lipoxygenase was observed. Two other bacterial hopanoids, tetrahydroxybacteriohopane glucosamine (2) and tetrahydroxybacteriohopane ether (3), stimulated the activity of soybean 15-lipoxygenase. The activities of two other arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzymes, human 5-lipoxygenase and prostaglandin H synthase, were unaffected by 1. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD APR PY 1997 VL 60 IS 4 BP 397 EP 398 DI 10.1021/np960611y PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA WW006 UT WOS:A1997WW00600018 PM 9134748 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Rumpler, WV Miles, CW Fahey, GC AF Baer, DJ Rumpler, WV Miles, CW Fahey, GC TI Dietary fiber decreases the metabolizable energy content and nutrient digestibility of mixed diets fed to humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE metabolizable energy; dietary fiber; fat; nutrient interactions; humans ID APPARENT DIGESTIBILITIES; COMPONENTS; VEGETABLES; EXCRETIONS; RESPONSES; FRUITS; FOODS; MEN AB Food labeling regulations implemented by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration emphasize nutrient composition and energy content of foods. Dietary energy and digestibility of complex foods can be affected by the content and type of dietary fiber. The metabolizable energy (ME) content and apparent digestibility of dietary fiber in human diets are difficult to assess. Fiber can affect the digestibility of fat and protein and, subsequently, the ME content of the diet. This study was conducted to measure the ME content of nine diets with different fat and fiber concentrations. Diets varied in level of fat (18, 34 or 47% of energy) and level of total dietary fiber (3, 4 or 7% of diet dry matter) and were consumed for 2 wk. Subjects (n = 17) consumed three diets (14 d for each diet) containing different levels of fiber and one level of fat. Food consumption was measured and all urine and feces were collected during a 5-d period. Combustible energy, protein, fat, total dietary fiber (TDF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were measured in composite samples of food and feces, and urine was analyzed for combustible energy and nitrogen. Metabolizable energy and apparent digestibility coefficients were calculated. Overall, increasing fiber intake decreased fat and protein digestibility. As a consequence of these interactions, the ME content of the diets decreased as fiber intake increased, and TDF and NDF had similar effects on the ME value. A published empirical formula accurately predicted the ME content of diets using either TDF or NDF. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 127 IS 4 BP 579 EP 586 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WV171 UT WOS:A1997WV17100005 PM 9109608 ER PT J AU Booth, SL Tucker, KL McKeown, NM Davidson, KW Dallal, GE Sadowski, JA AF Booth, SL Tucker, KL McKeown, NM Davidson, KW Dallal, GE Sadowski, JA TI Relationships between dietary intakes and fasting plasma concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins in humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin A; vitamin D; vitamin E; vitamin K; humans ID CALCULATING CORRELATION-COEFFICIENTS; STATISTICS NOTES; PHYLLOQUINONE; CAROTENOIDS; WOMEN; TOCOPHEROLS; RETINOL; SERUM AB Dietary intakes of retinol equivalents, alpha-tocopherol equivalents, vitamin D and phylloquinone were estimated from three sets of 4-d weighed diet records and compared to three corresponding fasting plasma concentrations of retinol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, alpha-tocopherol, and phylloquinone measured in 34 healthy adults over 20 wk. The magnitude of the correlation between dietary vitamin intake and its corresponding biochemical measure is in part determined by the reproducibility of each of the measures, so within-to-between subject variance ratios were calculated for both dietary intakes and plasma concentrations. Phylloquinone was the only fat-soluble vitamin with a significant correlation between dietary intake and fasting plasma concentration (r = 0.51, P = 0.004). This correlation improved with an increase in both the number of independent diet records and independent plasma measures. Of the dietary intake measures, all the fat-soluble vitamins had greater within than between subject variance, with the highest measured for phylloquinone (6.86:1). Of the plasma measures, only phylloquinone had a within-to-between subject variance ratio greater than one (5.36:1). Comparisons across age and sex for dietary intake and plasma concentrations differed in pattern among the fat-soluble vitamins. C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,JEAN MAYER USDA,DIV BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN K LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 31 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 127 IS 4 BP 587 EP 592 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WV171 UT WOS:A1997WV17100006 PM 9109609 ER PT J AU Glahn, RP VanCampen, DR AF Glahn, RP VanCampen, DR TI Iron uptake is enhanced in Caco-2 cell monolayers by cysteine and reduced cysteinyl glycine SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Caco-2 cell culture; cysteine; iron; amino acids; peptides ID INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT; ASCORBATE; HUMANS; LINE; ACID AB Human and animal studies have shown that amino acids and peptides influence iron absorption from the intestinal lumen. This study was conducted using Caco-2 cell monolayers as the experimental model to determine whether similar effects on iron absorption occur. Conditions were chosen to mimic the pH of the intestinal lumen and the most likely order whereby ferric and ferrous forms of iron would combine with various amino acids and dipeptides resulting from protein digestion. We demonstrated the enhancing effect of cysteine and reduced cysteinyl glycine on iron uptake by Caco-2 cells. The addition of glutathione to the transport media had no effect on uptake from ferrous or ferric iron complexes, nor did it affect iron solubility. Cysteine and reduced cysteinyl glycine increased iron solubility when added to a solution containing insoluble iron. This effect is different from that of ascorbate, which must be combined with soluble ferric iron at pH 2 to reduce and solubilize iron. Taken together, these observations are evidence that cysteine and reduced N-terminal cysteine peptides are capable of enhancing iron uptake from soluble and insoluble ferric iron. These results qualitatively reflect those observed in human studies. Our results indicate that glutathione requires digestion to Cys qr Cys-Gly in order to promote iron uptake. The similarity between this study and human studies further reinforces that the Caco-2 cell model is a useful tool in studies of iron absorption and bioavailability. RP Glahn, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 27 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 127 IS 4 BP 642 EP 647 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WV171 UT WOS:A1997WV17100014 PM 9109617 ER PT J AU Grusak, MA AF Grusak, MA TI Intrinsic stable isotope labeling of plants for nutritional investigations in humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE stable isotope; intrinsic labeling; mineral; phytochemical; nutrient; bioavailability ID METAL COMPLEXATION; NUTRIENT SOLUTION; XYLEM FLUID; BIOAVAILABILITY; CALCIUM; GROWTH; WHEAT; ROOTS; ABSORPTION; EXCHANGE AB Although plant foods provide an array of nutrients in the human diet, our knowledge of how efficiently these nutrients are absorbed has been limited by our ability to selectively monitor their absorption from a complex food matrix. Intrinsic labeling of plants with low-abundance stable isotopes can provide a safe, traceable product to investigate absorptive phenomena in the gut. Various techniques, including hydroponic culture, stem injection, and atmospheric labeling, have been used to introduce isotopes of either minerals or carbon to the plant. New, alternative possibilities exist for labeling plants with deuterium through the use of heavy water or for using isolated root cultures. Each labeling situation offers some unique concern, related to the plant, the nutrient, or the isotope expense, that must be addressed to generate a useful and affordable product. Attention to the mechanisms and pathways by which a specific nutrient is transported throughout the plant will aid in the selection of an effective labeling approach that will (1) maximize the recovery of isotope in the edible tissues, and (2) ensure that the isotope is incorporated into endogenous compounds and compartments in the same manner as that of the normal high-abundance isotopes. Intrinsically labeled plants may be used in an unlimited number of human bioavailability investigations focusing on essential nutrients, secondary plant metabolites, or unique phytochemicals. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 70 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 8 IS 4 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(97)00017-X PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA XB760 UT WOS:A1997XB76000001 ER PT J AU Werman, MJ Bhathena, SJ Turnlund, JR AF Werman, MJ Bhathena, SJ Turnlund, JR TI Dietary copper intake influences skin lysyl oxidase in young men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE low copper diets; lysyl oxidase ID CROSS-LINKING; SERUM COPPER; DEFICIENCY; COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; METABOLISM; NUTRITION; SYSTEM; ACIDS; CHICK AB The effect of low dietary copper on copper status and the copper-containing enzyme lysyl oxidase was studied in young men. The study was divided into three dietary periods. During the first period, subjects were fed 0.66 mg/day Cu for 24 days (marginal copper). The level of copper was dropped to 0.38 mg/day for the next 42 days (low copper) and they were repleted with 2.49 mg/day Cu for next 24 days. Skin biopsies were taken at the beginning of the study and at the end of each dietary period and lysyl oxidase was measured enzymatically. There was a 24% drop in activity when the dietary copper level was reduced from 0.66 to 0.38 mg/day. When the subjects were repleted with copper, there was a significant increase in the activity of lysyl oxidase. The activity reached the level observed before the subjects were fed the restricted copper diet. These data show that, in humans, lysyl oxidase activity declines when dietary copper intake is inadequate and suggests that the cross-linking of collagen may be modulated by dietary copper. Lysyl oxidase in healthy young men can serve as a useful indicator of copper status. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,METAB & NUTR INTERACT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD ENGN & BIOTECHNOL,IL-32000 HAIFA,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 8 IS 4 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(97)00004-1 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA XB760 UT WOS:A1997XB76000006 ER PT J AU Pasquali, P Fayer, R Almeria, S Trout, J Polidori, GA Gasbarre, LC AF Pasquali, P Fayer, R Almeria, S Trout, J Polidori, GA Gasbarre, LC TI Lymphocyte dynamic patterns in cattle during a primary infection with Cryptosporidium parvum SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE; HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM; ADULT MICE; SCID MICE; IMMUNITY; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; CALVES; GAMMA; LEUKOCYTES AB Changes in intraepithelial (TEL), lamina propria (LPL), and draining lymph node (LNL) lymphocytes were assessed in 9-day-old calves during primary infection with Cryptosporidium parvum and in similarly aged noninfected calves. A very low percentage of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found in IEL and LPL of noninfected calves. In infected compared to controls, percentages of CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in IEL exhibited a significant increase (P < 0.05), whereas the percentage of IL2R+ increased and the percentage of IgG+ cells decreased, but neither of these changes were statistically significant. In LPL, percentages of CD2+, CD3+, CD8+, and IL2R+ T cells were increased in infected compared to noninfected calves, whereas the percentage of IgG-bearing cells decreased; but only the increase in CD3+, CD8+, and lL2R+ cells was significant (P less than or equal to 0.05). In LNL only minimal changes were seen. In fact, the percentage of CD2+ T cells increased whereas the percentage of CD8+ T cells decreased, but neither of these differences was statistically significant. These findings indicate that T cell subsets in the ileal mucosa of naive neonatal calves are different than those of adult cattle, and that the immune response to C. parvum infection differs in ileal mucosa when compared to the regional lymph nodes. C1 USDA ARS,LPSI,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Pasquali, Paolo/C-1111-2008; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014 OI Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 83 IS 2 BP 247 EP 250 DI 10.2307/3284448 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA WT436 UT WOS:A1997WT43600013 PM 9105305 ER PT J AU Murrell, KD Slotved, HC Eriksen, L Bjerregaard, J Nansen, P Roepstorff, A AF Murrell, KD Slotved, HC Eriksen, L Bjerregaard, J Nansen, P Roepstorff, A TI Improved method for the recovery of Ascarus suum larvae from pig intestinal mucosa SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEOLYSIS; REDUCTION; MUCUS AB In the course of a comprehensive study on the population biology of Ascaris suum, it became necessary to determine quantitatively the migration of the larvae (L(2)) through the pig intestine. Because no satisfactory methods for recovering these larvae from the intestinal mucosa were apparently available in the literature, we undertook the development of such a procedure. Direct Baermannization of the intestine proved inadequate, so a series of studies was undertaken to find a method to solubilize the mucosa and free the larvae. Both pepsin digestion and mucus reduction with N-acetyl cysteine were evaluated. The highest recovery rates were obtained with short-term pepsin digestion (45-90 min), followed by a specific settling and washing procedure. A third alternative, migration of larvae out of agar-gel, was also tested. Although the recovery efficiency was low (10% of pepsin digestion), the larvae recovered were clean, with good motility. The agar-gel procedure could be useful when L(2) larvae are needed for other purposes, such as antigen preparation or cultivation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT CLIN STUDIES,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT PHARMACOL & PATHOBIOL,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. RP Murrell, KD (reprint author), ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DANISH CTR EXPT PARASITOL,BULOWSVEJ 13,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 83 IS 2 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.2307/3284466 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA WT436 UT WOS:A1997WT43600031 PM 9105321 ER PT J AU Grings, EE Short, RE Adams, DC AF Grings, EE Short, RE Adams, DC TI Effects of growth potential and protein supplementation on steers grazing fall pasture in the Northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID ESCAPE PROTEIN; DIGESTION; QUALITY; CATTLE; SEASON; DIETS; GRASS AB Cattle of varied genetic growth potential may respond differently to management strategies because of altered nutrient demands for growth, An option for postweaning calf management is use of improved pastures for grazing. A 3-yr study (1990 to 1992) was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] meal (SBM) on performance of Bos taurus steers (average weight 471 lb) of high-(Charolais-sired) or moderate- (Hereford-sired) genetic growth potential, Each year, 23 (Year 1 and 3) or 24 (Year 2) steers grazed pastures of a Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer) Nevski]-wheatgrass hybrid [Elytrigia repens (L.) Neuski] x [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh,) Love] complex, One-half of the steers were individually fed SBM (1 lb/d, as fed) 5 d/wk in 1990 and 7 d/wk in 1991 and 1992, Crude protein of consumed forage, as determined from esophageal masticate, averaged 15.1, 14.8, and 12.6 in mid-October and 10.5, 14.5, and 7.0% of organic matter (OM) in mid-December of 1990, 1991, and 1992, respectively, Steers of high genetic growth potential gained 1.4 lb/d compared with 1.2 lb/d for moderate growth potential steers (P < 0.05) and SBM supplemented steers had greater gains (P < 0.01) than nonsupplemented steers (1.5 vs 1.1 lb/d), Forage OM intake was affected by year (P < 0.01) and genetic potential for growth (P < 0.05), Forage OM intake averaged 8.8, 9.4, and 7.5 lb/d for 1990, 1991, and 1992, respectively, and 9.0 and 8.1 lb/d for high- and moderate-growth potential steers, Supplementation with SBM was cost effective for steers grazing regrowth in irrigated Russian wildrye-wheatgrass hybrid pastures in the fall. RP Grings, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,RT 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 241 EP 245 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XB846 UT WOS:A1997XB84600003 ER PT J AU Tanaka, DL Bauer, A Black, AL AF Tanaka, DL Bauer, A Black, AL TI Annual legume cover crops in spring wheat-fallow systems SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN AB Soil erosion is a problem in conventional tillage spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotations in semiarid regions. Early research using legumes to provide surface cover for erosion control in dryland crop rotations showed no yield benefits to a succeeding crop. Better residue management practices have improved fallow soil water storage and could reduce detrimental soil water influences of legumes to a succeeding crop. Objectives of our research were to determine whether field pea (Pisum sativum. L.) and Tangier flatpea (Lathyaus tingitanus, L.) could be grown during part of the fallow period in a hard red spring wheat-fallow rotation to provide dry matter (DM) and surface cover for erosion control and to evaluate the influences of legumes on a succeeding spring wheat crop, Legumes were seeded during the fallow phase of a spring wheat-fallow rotation from 1989 through 1992. During dry years, total DM and surface cover were reduced more for Tangier flatpea than field pea. Legumes produced sufficient DM to exceed 35% surface cover by the flowering plant development stage when precipitation was not limiting. If growing conditions were good, legumes used soil water to a depth of 5 ft when legume growth was terminated at pod formation or grown for the full season, The N contribution to a succeeding spring wheat crop was not evident in grain N concentration or uptake, When legume growth was terminated at or before flowering, legumes provided sufficient DM and surface cover to control erosion without consistent detrimental influences to a succeeding wheat crop. RP Tanaka, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XB846 UT WOS:A1997XB84600005 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Jones, RM AF Sanderson, MA Jones, RM TI Forage yields, nutrient uptake, soil chemical changes, and nitrogen volatilization from bermudagrass treated with dairy manure SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; WATER; MANAGEMENT AB Application of manure on cropland in association with large confined animal feeding operations, such as large drylot dairies, has raised concern about nutrient contamination of surface and groundwaters, Our objective was to determine the yield and nutrient uptake of 'Coastal' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) and a bermudagrass sod interseeded with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum emend Thell cv. Winter) treated with dairy waste, the fate of manure N and P in the soil, and nitrate N in soil solution. Four rates of dairy manure (target rates of 0, 100, 200, and 400 lb N/acre) were surface applied to each system from 1992 to 1995. We measured N and P harvested in forage, changes in extractable N and P concentrations in the soil, nitrate N levels in soil water, and N volatilization from surface-applied manure. Yield increased linearly with increasing manure rate each year. Only 25% of manure N and 20% or less of P were recovered in forage during the 4 yr. Analysis of soil water samples collected at 18 or 36 in. below the soil surface on 54 dates indicated < 3 ppm of nitrate N in plots treated with up to 60 tons/acre of solid dairy manure during 4 yr. The primary adverse effect of manure application to forage crops was a sixfold increase in extractable P in the surface 6 in. of soil at the highest manure rate. Nitrogen losses to the atmosphere from surface-applied dairy waste increased from 20 to a maximum of 35% as moisture content of the manure increased to 40%. Most of the N loss occurred within 6 h of waste application. These data indicate that solid dairy manure from confinement lots should be applied at rates less than 20 tons/acre per year to reduce risks of soil P buildup and nitrate N leaching. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGE RES LAB, CURTIN RD, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 266 EP 271 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XB846 UT WOS:A1997XB84600008 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC AF Nielsen, DC TI Water use and yield of canola under dryland conditions in the central Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID INFRARED THERMOMETRY; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; STRESS INDEX; OIL CONTENT; SEED YIELD; BASE-LINES; IRRIGATION; GROWTH AB Reduced tillage systems, compared with conventional tillage methods, have increased precipitation storage efficiencies and increased the amount of available water for crop production in the central Great Plains, Increased available water affords producers the opportunity to diversify and intensify their production systems from the traditional wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow system, This study was conducted to determine canola (Brassica napus L.) production potential under the Limited and variable precipitation patterns found in dryland agricultural systems in northeastern Colorado, Water stress timing effects on canola yield components were determined under a rainout shelter in 1993 and 1994, with water withheld during either the vegetative, reproductive, or grain-filling growth stage, All treatments received the same total water application, equal to the long-term average growing season precipitation, Rooting depth was determined from water extraction patterns monitored with a neutron probe, A water use-yield function was determined for canola grown under a Line-source gradient irrigation system, A non-water-stressed baseline was determined for future water stress research using an infrared thermometer in canola. Timing of water stress did not significantly affect yield. Canola can extract water from soil depths of 65 in., but 92 to 95% of total seasonal water use comes from growing season precipitation and water extracted from soil depths above 47 in, An examination of the growing season precipitation records indicates that canola yields could range from 284 to 2358 lb/acre (averaging 1020 lb/acre), assuming 4 in, of stored soil water use in addition to precipitation, Dryland canola production may not be economically viable for northeastern Colorado at current market prices and yields. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), ARS,USDA,CENT GREAT PLAINS RES STN,POB 400,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 307 EP 313 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XB846 UT WOS:A1997XB84600014 ER PT J AU Conley, A Corbin, J Smith, T Hinshelwood, M Liu, Z Simpson, E AF Conley, A Corbin, J Smith, T Hinshelwood, M Liu, Z Simpson, E TI Porcine aromatases: Studies on tissue-specific, functionally distinct isozymes from a single gene? SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IV International Aromatase Conference CY JUN 07-11, 1996 CL TAHOE CITY, CA SP Ciba Geigy Ltd, Janssen Res Fdn, Pharmacia, Ernst Schering Res Fdn, Snow Brand Milk Prod Co, Yamanouchi Europe BV, Zeneca Pharm ID PERIIMPLANTATION PORCINE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; EXPRESSION; PROMOTERS; CYTOCHROME-P-450; BLASTOCYSTS; MULTIPLE; OVARIAN; CELLS AB Aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450(arom)) is expressed in a variety of tissues. Pigs express P450(arom) as bilaminar blastocysts in utero, and thereafter in the gonads, adrenal glands and placenta. Our studies also demonstrate the existence of porcine isozymes of P450(arom) which differ substantially in their amino acid composition and function. The placental isoform, most similar to P450(arom) in other mammals, consists of 503 amino acids. The ovarian isoform, expressed in both theca and granulosa cells, is a 501 amino acid protein exhibiting less than 20% of the activity of the placental isozyme. Furthermore, it is inhibited not only by CGS16949A but also by etomidate which does not inhibit the placental P450(arom). Partial sequences generated by the rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE) procedure indicate that the expression of a third isoform in the blastocyst is switched to the placental isozyme during differentiation of the fetal membranes. In addition, these transcripts, and others from the theca, granulosa, testes, adrenal glands and placenta demonstrate differences in the 5'-untranslated region (putative exon I) suggestive of tissue-specific alternative splicing. An identical 5'-untranslated sequence was obtained from transcripts expressed in the theca and granulosa. Testes and adrenal transcripts also have identical 5' ends, which differ substantially fi om the ovarian sequence. Blastocyst and placenta 5'-untranslated sequences differ from each other and from those expressed in the gonads and adrenals. Several tissue-specific transcripts thus encode porcine P450(arom). Interestingly, distinct 5' sequences exist for ovarian and testes P450(arom) mRNAs, suggesting different promoters and therefore regulation in the male and female gonads. The molecular origins of the functional isoforms and the tissue-specific transcripts are uncertain, however partial genomic sequence and other genetic analyses suggest the existence of multiple genes. However, sequence alignment of the placental and ovarian isoforms indicates complete conservation of putative exon III, so that complex splicing remains a possibility. Clearly, the regulation of P450(arom) expression is more complex in the pig than in other vertebrates investigated to date. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SW MED CTR, CECIL H & IDA GREEN CTR REPROD BIOL SCI, DALLAS, TX 75235 USA. RP Conley, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SCH VET MED, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3-6 BP 407 EP 413 DI 10.1016/S0960-0760(96)00253-1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YE019 UT WOS:A1997YE01900040 PM 9365218 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH AF Arthur, FH TI Differential effectiveness of deltamethrin dust on plywood, concrete, and tile surfaces against three stored-product beetles SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tribolium confusum; Tribolium castaneum; Rhyzopertha dominica; deltamethrin; dust; treated surfaces AB Plywood, concrete, and the panels measuring 0.094 m(2) were treated with 0.05% deltamethrin dust at the rate of 3.54 g per m(2) and bioassayed each week for 21 weeks with Tribolium confusum (J. duVal), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Insects were exposed for 24 h, then either removed from the treated surface and held for 96 h (recovery study) or kept on the treated surface for an additional 96 h (residual study). Regression equations for T. confusum survival on plywood in the recovery study did not fit the data. Average survival at the 24- and 120-h mortality assessments was 56.8 +/- 3.8% and 14.8 +/- 2.8%. The LT95 on concrete, as determined by substituting a value of 5% survival (y) into the regression equation and solving for week (x), was 4.7 and 10.5 weeks for the 24- and 120-h assessments, indicating that mortality increased during the holding period. Toxicity was greatest on the, with LT(95)s of 9.7 and 10.8 weeks at 24 and 120 h, respectively, Survival of T. confusum on all three surfaces in the residual study was greater than in the recovery study. The LT95 for 24 and 120 h was 0.0 and 0.2 weeks for plywood, 3.2 and 4.3 weeks for concrete, and 6.0 and 6.4 weeks for the, Both T. castaneum and R. dominica were controlled by the deltamethrin dust, and there were no significant differences among the three surfaces or between the two methods of exposure. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, GRAIN MKT & PROD RES CTR, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. NR 9 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(96)00041-0 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WZ205 UT WOS:A1997WZ20500008 ER PT J AU Langenberg, WG Zhang, LY AF Langenberg, WG Zhang, LY TI Immunocytology shows the presence of tobacco etch virus P3 protein in nuclear inclusions SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTYVIRUS-INFECTED CELLS; CYLINDRICAL INCLUSIONS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOMIC RNA; EXPRESSION; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYPROTEIN; POLYMERASE; PRODUCTS AB Intracellular localization studies of various potyvirus proteins have been made in hope of finding clues to their function(s). Immunocytological studies localized many of the tobacco etch virus (TEV)-encoded proteins in infected cells. We used antiserum against the nonstructural P3 protein of TEV to determine the subcellular location of the P3 protein in ultrathin sections of virus-infected cells. Immunogold labeling with the antiserum showed labels associated with nucleoli, nuclei, or NIs. Absorption of antiserum with purified NIs or P3 protein resulted in no labeling. TEV NIs are known to contain a bifunctional genome-linked protein-viral proteinase (NIa-VPg) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NIb). It appeared that the TEV P3 protein was a third nonstructural viral protein of NIs of TEV if the NIa-VPg is considered one protein. The presence of P3 in NIs was also supported by Western blot assays. P3 protein in the nucleolus and nucleus could indicate that it, too, is involved in early stages of viral replication. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 118 IS 3 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1006/jsbi.1997.3856 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA WY014 UT WOS:A1997WY01400008 PM 9169234 ER PT J AU Meullenet, JFC Carpenter, JA Lyon, BG Lyon, CE AF Meullenet, JFC Carpenter, JA Lyon, BG Lyon, CE TI Bi-cyclical instrument for assessing texture profile parameters and its relationship to sensory evaluation of texture SO JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES LA English DT Article AB The most popular instrumental imitative test is the Texture Profile Analysis (T.P.A.). It was originated in the General Foods Laboratories (Szczesniak et al. 1963) and adapted to the Instron by Bourne (1978). T.P.A. involves a double compression test that uses flat plates attached to an Instron Universal Testing Machine (I.U.T.M.). Several instrumental parameters can be extracted from the force/deformation curve generated by the test (e.g. hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness). Recently developed in our laboratory, the Bi-cyclical Instrument for Texture Evaluation (B.I.T.E. master) uses the I.U.T.M. to generate its motion and features a set of artificial dentures as well as a tri-dimensional movement simulating a chewing motion. Five parameters were extracted from the force/deformation curve to evaluate their potential use for the prediction of four sensory attributes (i. e. hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness). Satisfactory univariate nonlinear models (i. e. Fechner and Stevens models) were found for both hardness and springiness. The use of several parameters in nonlinear models showed potential use as predictors of sensory cohesiveness and chewiness. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ATHENS,GA 30601. ARS,USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. RP Meullenet, JFC (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT FOOD SCI,272 YOUNG AVE,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72704, USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0022-4901 J9 J TEXTURE STUD JI J. Texture Stud. PD APR PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 101 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4603.1997.tb00104.x PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WZ579 UT WOS:A1997WZ57900007 ER PT J AU Rock, CL Jacob, RA Bowen, PE AF Rock, CL Jacob, RA Bowen, PE TI The value of antioxidant supplements vs their natural counterparts - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID VITAMIN-E CONSUMPTION; ASCORBIC-ACID; DISEASE; RISK C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. USDA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP Rock, CL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 97 IS 4 BP 375 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00090-4 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WR662 UT WOS:A1997WR66200004 ER PT J AU Mozersky, SM Bailey, DG AF Mozersky, SM Bailey, DG TI Viscometric assay of collagenase activity using a stop reagent to terminate enzyme action SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A simple, precise viscometric assay procedure has been developed for the assay of true collagenase activity. The substrate is a commercially available pepsin-treated mammalian skin collagen. It comes as a solution which needs no treatment other than pH adjustment and dilution prior to its incorporation into the assay medium. Viscosity is measured after enzymatic action is terminated with a Stop Reagent. Any one of a wide variety of viscometers can be used, including a simple Ostwald-type viscometer. Other advantages of the procedure are also discussed. The temperature during incubation and viscometry should be controlled within +/- 0.1 degrees C. Such control is easily achieved with an inexpensive controller. RP Mozersky, SM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD APR-MAY PY 1997 VL 92 IS 3 BP 62 EP 69 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YK999 UT WOS:A1997YK99900002 ER PT J AU Warner, K Orr, P Glynn, M AF Warner, K Orr, P Glynn, M TI Effect of fatty acid composition of oils on flavor and stability of fried foods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cottonseed oil; flavor; french-fried potatoes; frying; high oleic sunflower oil; polar compounds; potato chips; sensory; stability; volatile compounds ID VOLATILE DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS; SOYBEAN OILS; IDENTIFICATION AB Effects of fatty acid composition of frying oils on intensities of fried-food flavor and off-flavors in potato chips and french-fried potatoes were determined. Commercially processed cottonseed oil (CSO) and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSUN) were blended to produce oils with 12 to 55% linoleic acid and 16 to 78% oleic acid. Analytical sensory panels evaluated french-fried potatoes and pilot plant-processed potato chips. Initially, both foods prepared in CSO (16% oleic/55% linoleic acid) had the highest intensities of fried-food flavor; however, this positive flavor decreased with decreasing levels of linoleic acid. 2,4-Decadienal in potato chips also decreased with decreasing linoleic acid in the oils. Frying oil stability, measured by total polar compounds (TPC), and oxidative stability of potato chips, measured by volatile compounds, showed that HOSUN (78% oleic acid) produced the lowest levels of TPC and the lowest levels of hexanal and pentanal, indicating greater frying oil stability and oxidative stability of the food. However, fresh potato chips fried in HOSUN had the lowest intensities of fried-food flavor and lowest overall flavor quality. Fried-food flavor intensity was the best indicator of overall flavor quality in fresh potato chips. Volatile compounds, TPC, and oxidative stability index directly varied with increasing oleic acid, and were therefore not directly indicative of flavor quality. No oil analysis predicted flavor stability of aged potato chips. Compositions of 16 to 42% oleic acid and 37 to 55% linoleic acid produced fresh fried-food with moderate fried food flavor intensity, good overall flavor quality, and low to moderate TPC levels (chips only). However, in aged food or food fried in deteriorated oil, compositions of 42 to 63% oleic and 23 to 37% linoleic provided the best flavor stability. C1 USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 4 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0090-4 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WV361 UT WOS:A1997WV36100003 ER PT J AU Isbell, TA Frykman, HB Abbott, TP Lohr, JE Drozd, JC AF Isbell, TA Frykman, HB Abbott, TP Lohr, JE Drozd, JC TI Optimization of the sulfuric acid-catalyzed estolide synthesis from oleic acid SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE estolide; oleic acid; oleic homopolymer; oligomerization; polyestolide; sulfuric acid ID CONDENSATION AB The production of estolide from oleic acid with sulfuric acid as a catalyst was optimized for minimal acid concentration and temperature. Commercial oleic acid forms estolide optimally when reacted at 55 degrees C with 5% vol/vol concentrated sulfuric acid for 24 h under vacuum. The extent of oligomerization was 1.2 estolide units under these reaction conditions. Temperature plays a critical role in the rate of estolide formation as well as in the overall yield, with higher temperatures providing faster rates but lower yields. The ratio of sulfuric acid to oleic acid equivalents also plays a role, where higher acid concentrations gave faster rates and higher yields of estolide. Vacuum had a minor effect on oligomerization and estolide yield. C1 CALGENE CHEM CO,SKOKIE,IL 60076. RP Isbell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 74 IS 4 BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0109-x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WV361 UT WOS:A1997WV36100022 ER PT J AU Edwards, DR Coyne, MS Vendrell, PF Daniel, TC Moore, PA Murdoch, JF AF Edwards, DR Coyne, MS Vendrell, PF Daniel, TC Moore, PA Murdoch, JF TI Fecal coliform and Streptococcus concentrations in runoff from grazed pastures in northwest Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE cattle; runoff; manure; water quality; fecal coliform; fecal streptococcus ID BACTERIAL POLLUTION; WATER-QUALITY; BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY; AGRICULTURAL LANDS; INDICATOR; CATTLE AB Agricultural practices such as cattle grazing and animal manure application can contribute to relatively high runoff concentrations of fecal coliform (FC) and fecal streptococcus (FS). Available information, however, is inconsistent with respect to the effects of such practices as well as to measures that can discriminate among candidate sources of FC and FS. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of grazing, time of year, and runoff amounts on FC and FS concentrations and to evaluate whether FC/FS concentration ratios are consistent with earlier values reported as characteristic of animal sources. Runoff from four Northwest Arkansas fields was sampled and analyzed for fecal coliform (FC) and fecal streptococcus (FS) for nearly three years (1991-1994). Each field was grazed and fertilized, with two fields receiving inorganic fertilizer and two receiving animal manure. Runoff amount had no effect on runoff concentrations of FC or FS. There were no consistent relationships between the presence of cattle and FC and FS runoff concentrations. Both FC and FS concentrations were affected by the season during which the runoff occurred. Higher concentrations were observed during warmer months. Runoff FC concentrations exceeded the primary contact standard of 200 cfu/100 mt during at least 89 percent of all runoff events and the secondary contact standard of 1000 cfu/100 mt during at least 70 percent of the events. Ratios of FC to FS concentrations varied widely (from near zero to more than 100), confirming earlier findings that FC/FS ratios are not a reliable indicator of the source of FC and FS. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY, DEPT AGRON, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. UNIV ARKANSAS, ARKANSAS WATER RESOURCES CTR, WATER QUAL LAB, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. UNIV ARKANSAS, DEPT AGRON, USDA ARS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. RP UNIV KENTUCKY, DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 413 EP 422 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03520.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA WX811 UT WOS:A1997WX81100017 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JP Wallace, D Larsen, DR AF Dwyer, JP Wallace, D Larsen, DR TI Value of woody river corridors in levee protection along the Missouri River in 1993 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE woody corridors; levee stability; floodplain management; riverine buffer strips ID GEOMETRY AB Following the Midwest flood of 1993, a study was initiated along a 39-mile segment of the Missouri River to determine if there was an association between woody corridors and levee stability. A systematic sample of levee failures revealed that primary levees which did not fail had a significantly wider woody corridor than failed levees. Analysis of the total inventory of failed levees revealed that as the width of the woody corridor decreased, the length of the levee failure increased. Number of levee failures and their severity of damage could be reduced if woody corridors were at least 300 feet wide. C1 NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,USDA,STATE OFF PARKADE CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65203. RP Dwyer, JP (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,1-30 AGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03526.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA WX811 UT WOS:A1997WX81100023 ER PT J AU Ignoffo, CM Garcia, C Bonning, BC Herman, R Hammock, BD AF Ignoffo, CM Garcia, C Bonning, BC Herman, R Hammock, BD TI Simulated sunlight-UV sensitivity of engineered juvenile hormone esterase and scorpion toxin recombinants of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRICHOPLUSIA NI LARVAE; HOST-RANGE EXPANSION; INCLUSION-BODIES; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; BACULOVIRUS INSECTICIDE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; PEST-CONTROL; WILD-TYPE AB There hits been an effort over the last decade to enhance the effectiveness of wild-type baculoviruses using genetic engineering. Wild-type viruses are extremely sensitive to sunlight-ultraviolet, but, what about engineered, recombinant baculoviruses? We found that insertion of a foreign gene did not result in recombinant baculoviruses being more or less sensitive to simulated sunlight-UV than a parental wild-type baculovirus. The half-life of activity for all recombinants and the wild-type parental isolate we tested was within that previously reported for other baculoviruses. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol & Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ignoffo, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 70 IS 2 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YM519 UT WOS:000071072900012 ER PT J AU Peterson, DM Qureshi, AA AF Peterson, DM Qureshi, AA TI Effects of tocols and beta-glucan on serum lipid parameters in chickens SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE barley; oat bran; beta-glucan; tocotrienols; cholesterol; chickens ID COENZYME-A REDUCTASE; 7 ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; SHORT-TERM CHANGES; HMG-COA REDUCTASE; RATS FED DIETS; OAT BRAN; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME; LIVER CHOLESTEROL; BROILER CHICKS AB Cereal grain diets affect serum lipids by their soluble fibre and tocotrienols. Chickens were fed diets containing an oat bran fraction or waxy hulless barley that were enriched or depleted in beta-glucan and/or tocotrienols. Serum cholesterol and triacylglycerides and enzymes of cholesterol metabolism were measured. Weight gains appeared to be lower in birds on oat bran fraction-containing diets and higher in those on barley-containing diets supplemented with beta-glucanase. All diets containing oat bran fraction or barley lowered serum total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol relative to the corn control diet. LDL cholesterol was reduced more by oat bran fraction supplemented with tocotrienols than by either oat bran fraction or tocotrienols alone. LDL cholesterol levels were the same for all barley-based diets. Activities of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase were inversely affected by the diets. Oat bran fraction plus tocotrienols, barley and solvent-extracted barley decreased HMG CoA reductase by 50% and increased cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase by 100%; other diets caused lesser effects. It was concluded that both beta-glucan and tocotrienols affected cholesterol levels and metabolism, and the effects were additive or less. Removal of beta-glucan from barley diets abolished or diminished effects on enzyme activities but did not alter effects on cholesterol levels, indicating the possibility of another component in barley that affected cholesterol levels. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,501 WALNUT ST,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD APR PY 1997 VL 73 IS 4 BP 417 EP 424 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WT323 UT WOS:A1997WT32300003 ER PT J AU McCay, DH Abrams, MD DeMeo, TE AF McCay, DH Abrams, MD DeMeo, TE TI Gradient analysis of secondary forests of eastern West Virginia SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Ridge and Valley; Allegheny Mountains; plant-environment relationships; oak forests; ordination; physiography ID CLASSIFICATION STRATEGIES; VEGETATION; SUBSTRATE; PATTERNS AB Vegetation/environment relationships in two contiguous physiographic regions in eastern West Virginia were examined to determine local and sub-regional gradients underlying vegetation patterns. For 258 plots sampled in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, broad vegetation patterns expressed along ordination axes were strongly related to elevation. Plots were ordered along the first ordination axis from high-elevation, mesic sites in the Allegheny Mountains to sandy, steep, lower-elevation sites in the Ridge and Valley. A comparison of mean soil-site factors between physiographic regions indicated that only depth of A horizon differed significantly. These similarities were reflected in the community types derived from TWINSPAN analysis. All seven community types were represented in both regions, although some regional affinity was apparent. Subsequent separate ordinations of plots within the Ridge and Valley and Allegheny Mountains showed community variation correlated with elevation. In the Ridge and Valley, geographic location, surface rock cover, topographic moisture and stand age were secondary gradients related to community distribution. In contrast, secondary gradients in the Allegheny Mountains included topographic moisture and solar radiation. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. US FOREST SERV,MONONGAHELA NATL FOREST,ELKINS,WV 26241. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 124 IS 2 BP 160 EP 173 DI 10.2307/2996582 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL158 UT WOS:A1997XL15800004 ER PT J AU Becker, BA Klir, JJ Matteri, RL Spiers, DE Ellersiek, M Misfeldt, ML AF Becker, BA Klir, JJ Matteri, RL Spiers, DE Ellersiek, M Misfeldt, ML TI Endocrine and thermoregulatory responses to acute thermal exposures in 6-month-old pigs reared in different neonatal environments SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neonatal environment; thermal stress; hormones; thermoregulation; swine ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM; ADULT-RATS; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; PROLACTIN SECRETION; COLD ENVIRONMENTS; SUBSEQUENT STRESS; COOL ENVIRONMENT; HEAT-PRODUCTION; YOUNG-PIG; HOT AB 1. Endocrine and thermoregulatory responses to acute heat (34 degrees C) and cold (10 degrees C) exposures were determined in eight pigs at 6 months of age. Half of the pigs had been reared in a cycling upper thermal environment (27-32 degrees C) for the first 28 days of life, while the others had been reared in a lower thermal environment (21 degrees C). 2. Concentrations of cortisol increased significantly during both acute heat and cold thermal exposures (P = 0.0001) although the response was greater in the heat than in the cold (P = 0.003). A prolactin response occurred during acute heat exposure (P = 0.004). Growth hormone secretion increased during acute cold exposure (P = 0.001). There was a strong tendency for increased epinephrine secretion during both acute heat and cold exposures (P = 0.06). No significant effects of either exposure were found on plasma norepinephrine (P = 0.9), or triiodothyronine (P = 0.11). 3. Neonatal environment did not affect daily core body temperature (T-c) before acute heat or cold exposures, but did alter amplitude of the 24-h T-c cycle. The amplitude was significantly greater in animals reared in the lower thermal environment (P < 0.001). 4. Acute heat exposure resulted in significant increases in T-c (P < 0.001) and heat production (P < 0.01). Neonatal thermal environment had no significant effect on T-c and heat production responses to acute heat and cold thermal exposures. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Becker, BA (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. OI Misfeldt, Michael/0000-0001-5598-6637 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 22 IS 2 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(96)00036-8 PG 7 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA XG243 UT WOS:A1997XG24300001 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CR Millard, MM Line, MJ AF Caldwell, CR Millard, MM Line, MJ TI Magnetic resonance imaging of tissue-specific thermal responses of geranium stem in vivo SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pelargonium xhortorum; geraniaceae; geranium; heat tolerance; NMR imaging; tissue water; thermal damage; thermodynamics ID NMR RELAXATION-TIMES; PLANT-TISSUES; TRANSVERSE RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE; MICROSCOPY; WATER; SENSITIVITY; ACCLIMATION; RESOLUTION; STRESS AB 1. Tissue-specific variations in the responses of geranium stems to hyperthermia were investigated in vivo by acquiring tissue water proton spin-spin (T-2) relaxation images at different sample temperatures and calculating the apparent activation energy (E-a) and entropy (Delta S++) for each image voxel [(39 mu m x 39 mu m) x 500 mu m]. 2. After partitioning the images by tissue type, Eyring analyses of the temperature dependence of water proton T-2 relaxation demonstrated increases in E-a or Delta H++ when the sample temperature exceeded 26.5, 45.7, 32.4 and 31.1 degrees C for the pith parenchyma, fibrous sheath/vascular tissues, cortical parenchyma/epidermal tissues and whole stem, respectively. 3. The results suggest that the changes in T-2 thermodynamics are caused primarily by direct temperature-dependent variations in the physical state of tissue water, while a standard viability assay measures thermally-induced protein denaturation. 4. This is apparently the first in vivo demonstration of tissue-specific variations in a plant response to hyperthermia. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Caldwell, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 22 IS 2 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(97)00001-6 PG 10 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA XG243 UT WOS:A1997XG24300004 ER PT J AU Shad, G Wilson, WC Mecham, JO Evermann, JF AF Shad, G Wilson, WC Mecham, JO Evermann, JF TI Bluetongue virus detection: a safer reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for prediction of viremia in sheep SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE SORBENT ASSAY; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; INFECTED SHEEP; BLOOD; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; IMPORTATION; DIAGNOSIS; SAMPLES AB A reversible target capture viral RNA extraction procedure was combined with a reverse-transcriptase nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to develop a capture PCR assay providing a rapid and safe prediction method for circulating bluetongue virus in infected ruminants. This new assay was compared with virus isolation and a recently developed antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of bluetongue virus. Eight Warhill crossbred sheep were inoculated subcutaneously with bluetongue virus serotype 10, and blood samples were taken sequentially over a period of 28 days. The capture PCR detected the peak of viremia, as determined by virus isolation and antigen-capture ELISA, from day 5 to day 14 after challenge. The results indicate that the rapid-capture bluetongue virus PCR provides a rapid indicator of samples in which virus can be isolated. In addition, this capture bluetongue virus PCR procedure does not require a lengthy phenol extraction or the use of the highly toxic methyl mercury hydroxide denaturant. C1 ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,USDA,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP Shad, G (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA 1600 E ROLLINS, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1997 VL 9 IS 2 BP 118 EP 124 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XM722 UT WOS:A1997XM72200002 PM 9211228 ER PT J AU Katz, JB DeWald, R Dawson, JE Camus, E Martinez, D Mondry, R AF Katz, JB DeWald, R Dawson, JE Camus, E Martinez, D Mondry, R TI Development and evaluation of a recombinant antigen, monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for heartwater serodiagnosis SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; 32-KILODALTON PROTEIN; ASSAY; EHRLICHIA AB Cowdria ruminantium is the etiologic agent of heartwater, a tick-transmitted foreign animal disease with considerable potential for entrance into the USA. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed to detect serologic responses to C. ruminantium infection. The cELISA utilized a recombinant form of the C. ruminantium major antigenic protein (MAP-1) as the antigen and an anti-MAP-1 monoclonal antibody as the competing indicator reagent. Experimental antisera to C. ruminantium and a wide variety of related ehrlichial organisms were used to evaluate cELISA reactivity. Only sera against C. ruminantium, Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, and a recently discovered cervine ehrlichia-like organism reacted positively in the cELISA. Specificity of the cELISA was greater than or equal to 99.5% in a survey of 1,774 southeastern US and Puerto Rican slaughter cattle sera but was only 85% in a group of 79 hunter-killed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from the southeastern USA. Reference true-positive and cELISA false-positive sera were further analyzed by end point titrations using the cELISA and by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests for reactivity with C. ruminantium, E. canis, and E. chaffeensis antigens. True heartwater-positive sera were significantly more reactive using the cELISA and C. ruminantium IFA procedures (P < 0.05), whereas false-positive sera were significantly more reactive with the antigens used in the E. chaffeensis IFA procedure (P < 0.05). A group of sera from 210 field-origin ruminants residing on known or potentially heartwater-endemic Caribbean islands revealed a substantial (12.4%) prevalence of cELISA-positive specimens. The cELISA is a relatively specific serodiagnostic test for heartwater in cattle and could be used to monitor for possible introduction of the disease into the USA. The cELISA may also be an excellent tool for monitoring the success of an ongoing Caribbean Amblyomma tick eradication program designed to eliminate the biological vector responsible for the perpetuation and spread of this dangerous foreign animal disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRON DEV,POINTE A PITRE 97165,GUADELOUPE. RP Katz, JB (reprint author), ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,VET SERV,USDA,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA 1600 E ROLLINS, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1997 VL 9 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XM722 UT WOS:A1997XM72200004 PM 9211230 ER PT J AU Andersen, AA AF Andersen, AA TI Two new serovars of Chlamydia psittaci from North American birds SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SP-NOV; TRACHOMATIS AB Five Chlamydia psittaci isolates (1 turkey, 1 psittacine, 1 human, and 2 pigeon isolates) failed to react with serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies to known avian and mammalian C. psittaci serovars and were presumed to represent 1 or more new serovars. The isolates were characterized using restriction endonuclease analysis of the whole genome, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the major outer membrane protein genome, monoclonal antibody comparisons, and growth in tissue culture. Monoclonal antibodies were produced to the human isolate (MP) and to the psittacine isolate (VS225). The monoclonal antibody results show that the isolates represent 2 new avian serovars (serovars E and F). The restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the major outer membrane protein genome demonstrated that the isolates are distinct. The whole genome restriction endonuclease analysis data and the growth patterns in tissue culture indicate that the new serovars are similar to avian serovars recognized previously. A subspecies monoclonal antibody that reacted with serovars A and B also reacted with serovar E, indicating that these serovars are closely related. The results show that these isolates represent 2 new avian serovars, making them the fifth and sixth avian serovars identified in North American birds. RP Andersen, AA (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 20 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA 1600 E ROLLINS, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1997 VL 9 IS 2 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XM722 UT WOS:A1997XM72200009 PM 9211235 ER PT J AU Meyer, RF Babcock, GD Newman, JFE Burrage, TG Toohey, K Lubroth, J Brown, F AF Meyer, RF Babcock, GD Newman, JFE Burrage, TG Toohey, K Lubroth, J Brown, F TI Baculovirus expressed 2C of foot-and-mouth disease virus has the potential for differentiating convalescent from vaccinated animals SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease; differentiation of vaccinated and convalescent animals; proteins 2C, 3D ID POLYMERASE GENE; CATTLE; INFECTION; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENS AB Determining whether animals have been infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus or vaccinated is important because infected animals frequently become carriers of the virus, shed it intermittently and thus may be the source of new outbreaks of the disease. We had shown previously that the sera of convalescent animals contain antibodies to 2C, a highly conserved non-structural protein, whereas the sera of vaccinated animals do not. This is explained by the observation that 2C is retained on the membranes of cells used for growing the virus for vaccine production. In contrast, the non-structural protein 3D, which is released into the medium, is not removed by centrifugation or filtration during vaccine production and therefore stimulates an immune response in both vaccinated and convalescent cattle. In this study we produced 2C and 3D in insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses. As demonstrated by serology and electron microscopy, 2C is also retained on the membranes of the insect cells. Both expressed proteins react with sera of convalescent animals, indicating that they are conformationally similar, but the 2C does not react with sera from vaccinated animals. The baculovirus expressed 2C appears to be a suitable antigen for the development of a reliable diagnostic test. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP USDA, APHIS, FADDL, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, POB 848, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 EI 1879-0984 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(96)02165-9 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA WT807 UT WOS:A1997WT80700005 PM 9128860 ER PT J AU Knipe, T Rieder, E Baxt, B Ward, G Mason, PW AF Knipe, T Rieder, E Baxt, B Ward, G Mason, PW TI Characterization of synthetic foot-and-mouth disease virus provirions separates acid-mediated disassembly from infectivity SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATURATION CLEAVAGE; CULTURED-CELLS; CAPSID PROTEIN; POLIOVIRUS; RNA; RECEPTOR; NEUTRALIZATION; REPLICATION; VP0; POLYPROTEIN AB One of the final steps in the maturation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is cleavage of the VP0 protein to produce VP4 and VP2. The mechanism of this cleavage is unknown, but it is thought to function in stabilizing the virus particle and priming it for infecting cells. To investigate the cleavage process and to understand its role in virion maturation, we engineered synthetic FMDV RNAs with mutations at Ala-85 (A85) and Asp-86 (D86) of VP0, which border the cleavage site. BHK cells transfected with synthetic RNAs containing substitutions at position 85 (A85N or A85H) or at position 86 (D86N) yielded particles indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) virus in sedimentation and electrophoretic profiles. Viruses derived from these transfected cells were infectious and maintained their mutant sequences upon passage. However, BHK cells transfected with synthetic RNAs encoding Phe and Lys at these positions (A85F/D86K) or a Cys at position 86 (D86C) produced noninfectious provirions with uncleaved VPO molecules. Despite their lack of infectivity, the A85F/D86K provirions displayed cell binding and acid sensitivity similar to those of WT virus. However, acid breakdown products of the A85F/D86K provirions differed in hydrophobicity from the comparable WT virion products, which lack VP4. Taken together, these studies are consistent with a role for soluble VP4 molecules in release of the viral genome from the endosomal compartment of susceptible cells. C1 USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, NAA, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 71 IS 4 BP 2851 EP 2856 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA WM911 UT WOS:A1997WM91100033 PM 9060641 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Lee, LF Ye, Y Qian, Z Kung, HJ AF Liu, JL Lee, LF Ye, Y Qian, Z Kung, HJ TI Nucleolar and nuclear localization properties of a herpesvirus bZIP oncoprotein, MEQ SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES-B; HTLV-I REX; RNA-BINDING; DNA-BINDING; TARGETING SIGNAL; BASIC DOMAIN; PROTEIN B23; TRANS-ACTIVATOR AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) is one of the most oncogenic herpesviruses and induces T lymphomas in chickens within weeks after infection. Only a limited number of viral transcripts are detected in MDV tumor samples and cell lines. One of the major transcripts encodes MEQ, a 339-amino-acid bZIP protein which is homologous to the Jun/Fos family of transcription factors. The C-terminal half of MEQ contains proline-rich repeats and, when fused to the DNA-binding domain of a yeast transcription factor, Gal4 (residues 1 to 147), exhibits transactivation function. MEQ can dimerize with itself and with c-Jun. The MEQ-c-Jun heterodimers bind to an AP-1-like enhancer within the MEQ promoter region with greater affinity than do homodimers of either protein, and they transactivate MEQ expression. Here we show that MEQ is expressed in the nucleus but, interestingly, with a predominant fraction in the nucleoli and coiled bodies. This makes MEQ the first bZIP protein to be identified in the nucleoli. MEQ contains two stretches of basic residues, designated basic region 1 (BR1) and basic region 2 (BR2). Using a series of deletion mutants, we have mapped the primary nuclear localization signal (NLS) and the sole nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) to the BR2 region. BR1 was shown to provide an auxiliary signal in nuclear translocation. To demonstrate that BR2 is an authentic NoLS, BR2 was fused to cytoplasmic v-Raf (Delta gag) kinase. The BR2-Raf fusion protein was observed to migrate into the nucleoplasm and the nucleolus. The BR2 region can be further divided into two long arginine-lysine stretches, BR2N and BR2C, which are separated by the five amino acids Asn-Arg-Asp-Ala-Ala (NRDAA). We provide evidence that the requirement for nuclear translocation is less stringent than that for nucleolar translocation, as either BR2N or BR2C alone is sufficient to translocate the cytoplasmic v-Raf (Delta gag) into the nucleus, but only in combination can they translocate v-Raf (Delta gag) into the nucleolus. Our studies demonstrate that MEQ is both a nuclear and nucleolar protein, adding MEQ to the growing list of transactivators which localize to the nucleolus. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOL BIOL & MICROBIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,AGR RES STN,E LANSING,MI 48823. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT CANC BIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46613] NR 82 TC 98 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 71 IS 4 BP 3188 EP 3196 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA WM911 UT WOS:A1997WM91100074 PM 9060682 ER PT J AU Zarnke, RL Dubey, JP Kwok, OCH Hoef, JMV AF Zarnke, RL Dubey, JP Kwok, OCH Hoef, JMV TI Serologic survey for Toxoplasma gondii in grizzly bears from Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; grizzly bear; serology; Toxoplasma gondii; Ursus arctos ID URSUS-AMERICANUS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES AB Blood samples were collected from 892 grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in Alaska (USA) from 1973 to 1987. Sera were tested for evidence of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii by means of the modified agglutination test. Two hundred twenty sera (25%) had titers less than or equal to 25, the minimum threshold titer. Six hundred seventy-two sera (75%) had titers <25. Antibody prevalence ranged from 9% (18 positive of 196 tested) in southern areas to 37% (162 of 433 tested) in northern areas. There was no readily apparent explanation for these discrepancies in location-specific prevalence. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Zarnke, RL (reprint author), ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME,1300 COLL RD,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701, USA. OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WW770 UT WOS:A1997WW77000012 PM 9131557 ER PT J AU Rhyan, JC Aune, K Ewalt, DR Marquardt, J Mertins, JW Payeur, JB Saari, DA Schladweiler, P Sheehan, EJ Worley, D AF Rhyan, JC Aune, K Ewalt, DR Marquardt, J Mertins, JW Payeur, JB Saari, DA Schladweiler, P Sheehan, EJ Worley, D TI Survey of free-ranging elk from Wyoming and Montana for selected pathogens SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE elk; Cervus elaphus; Yellowstone National Park; survey; Brucella; Mycobacterium; brucellosis; tuberculosis; paratuberculosis; Neolipoptena ferrisi; Montana ID CERVUS-ELAPHUS; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; DEER; INFECTION; HERD; PARATUBERCULOSIS; BRUCELLOSIS AB From December 1991 through January 1995, a disease survey was conducted on herds of free-ranging, hunter-killed elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) From three areas in proximity to Yellowstone National Park. (YNP), Wyoming (USA), after tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis was discovered in a captive herd of elk in the area. Complete or partial sets of specimens from 289 elk collected between December 1991 and January 1993 were examined histologically; no mycobacterial lesions were observed. Lesions of tuberculosis were not detected in tonsils or lymph nodes of the head from an additional 99 hunter-killed, adult elk from one area (area 2) collected in January 1995. Neither M. bovis nor M. paratuberculosis were isolated from any of the specimens cultured. Antibodies to Brucella abortus mere detected in serum samples from 0%, 1%, and 1% of elk from three areas sampled (areas 1, 2, and 3), respectively. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from multiple tissues from one seropositive animal from area 3. Larvae with morphology consistent with Dictyocaulus sp. were found in 12%, 14%, and 0% of fecal specimens tested from areas 1, 2, anti 3, respectively. Pasteurella multocida and Actinomyces pyogenes were isolated from a lung with purulent bronchopneumonia and abscesses. C1 MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PARKS,RES & TECH SERV BUR,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,VET DIAGNOST LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59715. MONTANA STATE UNIV,VET MOL BIOL LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP Rhyan, JC (reprint author), USDA,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 290 EP 298 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WW770 UT WOS:A1997WW77000016 PM 9131561 ER PT J AU Grubb, TG Ganey, JL Masek, SR AF Grubb, TG Ganey, JL Masek, SR TI Canopy closure around nest sites of Mexican spotted owls in northcentral Arizona SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial photography; Arizona; canopy closure; habitat management; Mexican spotted owl; nesting habitat; permutation procedures; photogrammetry; Strix occidentalis lucida; spotted owl; threatened species ID NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT AB We analyzed variation in canopy closure around 47 Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) nest sires and 47 random forest sites on the Coconino National Forest in northcentral Arizona. We mapped distinct habitat polygons on 1:15,840 color aerial photographs, assigned each polygon to one of 4 canopy-closure classes (<10, 10-40, 41-70, or >70%), and measured the area in each canopy class within 5 concentric analysis zones with radii of 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 km (delineating rings of about 4, 47, 150, 252, and 352 ha). Landscape composition differed between spotted owl nest and random sites (P < 0.001), Differences were greatest within 0.4 km of nest and random sites but persisted across all analyses zones. Nest sites contained more area in the >70% canopy-closure class and less area in the < 10% class, the most abundant canopy class was 41-70%, except within 0.1 km of nests, where >70% canopy predominated Nesting spotted owls selected areas with denser canopy than randomly available forest landscapes, but outside the immediate nest area (>0.8 km) canopy closure approached that of the surrounding forest. RP Grubb, TG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, 2500 S PINE KNOLL DR, FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86001 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.2307/3802589 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA XD779 UT WOS:A1997XD77900009 ER EF